title: Self-reported menopausal symptoms in a racially diverse population and soy food consumption.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Evaluate the association of self-reported vasomotor symptom (VMS) frequency with race/ethnicity among a diverse midlife US population and explore menopause symptom differences by dietary soy isoflavone (genistein+daidzein) consumption.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional population-based study of peri- and postmenopausal women, ages 45-58.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Recent VMS frequency, VMS ever; recent symptom bother (hot flashes, night sweats, headache and joint-ache).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 18,500 potentially eligible women, 9325 returned questionnaires (50.4% response); 3691 were excluded (premenopausal, missing data, taking hormones). Of 5634 remaining women, 82.1% reported hot flashes ever, 73.1% reported night sweats ever; 48.8% and 38.6% reported recent hot flashes or night sweats, respectively. Compared with White women, Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, other Asian (each p<0.001) and Filipino (p<0.01) women less commonly reported ever having hot flashes; Asian women less commonly reported recent VMS bother (p<0.001). Black women more commonly reported hot flashes ever (p<0.05) and recent VMS bother (p<0.05). Compared with non-Hispanic White women, Hispanic women were less likely to report hot flashes (p<0.05) or night sweats (p<0.001) ever. Women were classified by isoflavone consumption: (1) none (n=1819), (2) 0.01-4.30 mg/day (n=1931), (3) 4.31-24.99 mg/day (n=1347) and (4) ≥ 25 mg/day (n=537). There were no group differences in recent VMS number/day: (1) 7.0 (95% CI 6.5, 7.5); (2) 6.4 (95% CI 6.0, 7.1); (3) 7.0 (95% CI 6.3, 8.2); and (4) 6.8 (95% CI 6.1, 7.7).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Menopausal symptoms, independent of isoflavone intake, varied considerably by race/ethnicity and were least common among Asian races.
authors.affiliation: University of Washington, USA. reeds@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Lampe
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gundersen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fuller
authors.forename: W K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Copeland
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Newton
mesh_terms: D044466:Asian People; D044383:Black People; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D019584:Hot Flashes / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D007529:Isoflavones / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008593:Menopause / Q000208:ethnology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D044469:Racial Groups; D057566:Self Report; D045730:Soy Foods; D013546:Sweating / Q000187:drug effects; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People; D001741:Black or African American
chemical_list: D007529:Isoflavones; D010936:Plant Extracts