title: Analysis of MC-LR and MC-RR in tissue from freshwater fish (Tinca tinca) and crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) in tench ponds (Cáceres, Spain) by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS).
abstract: In the present study a new method has been developed and validated for detecting free microcystins (MCs) (MC-RR, MC-LR and MC-YR) by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) in the cyprinid Tinca tinca and in the crayfish Procambarus clarkii collected from three ponds in Extremadura (Spain) where the presence of the cyanobacteria species Microcystis aeruginosa and Anabaena spiroides has been confirmed. Once the method had been validated, free MCs were determined in fish (tench, T. tinca) and crayfish from different ponds in order to understand how they are bioaccumulated through the food web. MCs were not detected in any of the fish samples analyzed. It was confirmed that P. clarkii accumulated MCs in their tissues without losing their organoleptic characteristics, with MC-LR (2.3-18.1 μg MC-LR/g body weight) being the predominant MC variant detected in all the crayfish samples. MC-RR was measured in 50% of the samples analyzed, ranging between 1.4 and 7.8 μg MC-RR/g body weight and no MC-YR was detected. The results indicated that crayfish can accumulate free MCs in higher quantities than tench that live in ponds contaminated by toxic cyanobacteria species, and emphasized the need for regular monitoring if the health risks associated with their consumption are to be avoided.
authors.affiliation: Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Profesor García González, 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ríos
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.forename: Ana I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Prieto
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Puerto
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez-Praena
authors.forename: Ma Eugenia
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Soria-Díaz
authors.forename: Ana M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Cameán
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003400:Astacoidea / Q000737:chemistry*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D003530:Cyprinidae; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000379:methods; D005506:Food Contamination; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000382:microbiology; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008387:Marine Toxins; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D052998:Microcystins / Q000032:analysis*; D010839:Phytoplankton / Q000382:microbiology; D061005:Ponds; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D017747:Seafood; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction; D013030:Spain; D014871:Water Microbiology
chemical_list: D008387:Marine Toxins; D052998:Microcystins; C065685:microcystin YR; C063855:microcystin RR; C057862:cyanoginosin LR