title: Protocol for Candrive II/Ozcandrive, a multicentre prospective older driver cohort study.
abstract: The Candrive II/Ozcandrive study, a multicentre prospective cohort study examining the predictive validity of tools for assessing fitness to drive, aims to develop an in-office screening tool that will help clinicians identify older drivers who may be unsafe to drive. This paper describes the study protocol. We are following a cohort of drivers aged ≥70 years for up to 4 years. Starting in 2009, 928 participants have been recruited in seven cities in four Canadian provinces, as well as 302 participants in two sites in Melbourne, Australia and Wellington, New Zealand. Participants underwent a comprehensive assessment at baseline and repeat the assessment yearly thereafter, as well as a brief follow-up assessment at 4 and 8 months each year. A recording device is installed in participants' vehicles to assess driving patterns, and driving records are obtained from licensing authorities to determine the outcomes: at-fault crashes per kilometre driven and violations. To date, the protocol has been generally well adhered to, with 1230 participants, and barriers and challenges are being addressed, as necessary. The Candrive II/Ozcandrive study is unique owing to its size, duration, partnerships with Canadian, Australian and New Zealand stakeholders, and international research collaboration.
authors.affiliation: Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont., Canada. Electronic address: smarshall@ottawahospital.on.ca.
authors.forename: Shawn C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.forename: Malcolm
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Man-Son-Hing
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bédard
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Charlton
authors.forename: Sylvain
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gagnon
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gélinas
authors.forename: Sjaan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koppel
authors.forename: Nicol
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Korner-Bitensky
authors.forename: Jim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Langford
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mazer
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Myers
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Naglie
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Polgar
authors.forename: Michelle M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Porter
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rapoport
authors.forename: Holly
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tuokko
authors.forename: Brenda
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vrkljan
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Woolnough
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001315:Australia; D001333:Automobile Driver Examination; D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002170:Canada; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003661:Decision Support Techniques; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009520:New Zealand; D011446:Prospective Studies
keywords: Automobile driving; Clinical prediction rule; Fitness to drive; Health status; Multicentre study; Older driver