title: Ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract in the management of anal fistula. A systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Over the last 5 years, the ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract (LIFT) procedure has become increasingly popular as a sphincter-preserving technique for the treatment of anal fistula. The aim of this article was to review the published literature on the LIFT procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Cochrane database and EMBASE were searched from January 1980 to November 2012, and PubMed from January 1966 to November 2012. All peer-reviewed studies that investigated the LIFT procedure for the treatment of anal fistula were eligible for inclusion. Technical notes, commentaries, letters and meeting abstracts were excluded. The primary outcome measured was the overall fistula closure rate in relation to the length of follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-nine articles were originally identified using the search criteria. Thirteen were finally included for analysis. Sample sizes ranged from 18 to 93 patients, with a pooled total of 498. Most fistulae, 494 (99%), were of cryptoglandular aetiology, of which 470 (94%) were transsphincteric. Overall success rates ranged from 40 to 95%, with a pooled success of 71% (352 of 495 patients; 3 of 498 were lost to follow-up). Follow-up ranged from 1 to 55 months, with a reported mean or median of 4 to 19.5 months. One hundred and eighty-three patients were formally assessed for continence, out of whom 11 (6%) had a minor disturbance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall the systematic review shows that the LIFT procedure appears to be an effective sphincter-conserving approach for the treatment of transsphincteric anal fistula with a pooled healing rate of 71% over a mean or median follow-up period ranging from 4 to 19.5 months.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, St Mark's Hospital and Academic Institute, London, UK.
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Yassin
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Hammond
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Lunniss
authors.forename: R K S
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Phillips
mesh_terms: D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008026:Ligation / Q000379:methods; D012003:Rectal Fistula / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D012008:Recurrence; D016896:Treatment Outcome