title: Subconjunctival hemorrhages in infants and children: a sign of nonaccidental trauma.
abstract: Subconjunctival hemorrhages in infants and children can be a finding after nonaccidental trauma. We describe 14 children with subconjunctival hemorrhages on physical examination, who were subsequently diagnosed by a child protection team with physical abuse. Although infrequent, subconjunctival hemorrhage may be related to abuse. Nonaccidental trauma should be on the differential diagnosis of subconjunctival hemorrhage in children, and consultation with a child abuse pediatrics specialist should be considered.
authors.affiliation: Division of General and Emergency Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Torrance, CA 90509 , USA. cderidder53@gmail.com
authors.forename: Catherine A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: DeRidder
authors.forename: Carol D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Berkowitz
authors.forename: Ralph A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Hicks
authors.forename: Antoinette L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Laskey
mesh_terms: D002649:Child Abuse / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003229:Conjunctival Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D005130:Eye Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010808:Physical Examination; D012189:Retrospective Studies