title: Using the pseudophase kinetic model to interpret chemical reactivity in ionic emulsions: determining antioxidant partition constants and interfacial rate constants.
abstract: Kinetic results obtained in cationic and anionic emulsions show for the first time that pseudophase kinetic models give reasonable estimates of the partition constants of reactants, here t-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) between the oil and interfacial region, P(O)(I), and the water and interfacial region, P(W)(I), and of the interfacial rate constant, k(I), for the reaction with an arenediazonium ion in emulsions containing a 1:1 volume ratio of a medium chain length triglyceride, MCT, and aqueous acid or buffer. The results provide: (a) an explanation for the large difference in pH, >4 pH units, required to run the reaction in CTAB (pH 1.54, added HBr) and SDS (pH 5.71, acetate buffer) emulsions; (b) reasonable estimates of PO(I) and k(I) in the CTAB emulsions; (c) a sensible interpretation of added counterion effects based on ion exchange in SDS emulsions (Na(+)/H3O(+) ion exchange in the interfacial region) and Donnan equilibrium in CTAB emulsions (Br(-) increasing the interfacial H3O(+)); and (d) the significance of the effect of the much greater solubility of TBHQ in MCT versus octane, 1000/1, as the oil. These results should aid in interpreting the effects of ionic surfactants on chemical reactivity in emulsions in general and in selecting the most efficient antioxidant for particular food applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Wright and Rieman Laboratories, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA. georgiagu@gmail.com
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bravo-Díaz
authors.forename: Laurence S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Romsted
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry*; D004655:Emulsions; D006873:Hydroquinones / Q000737:chemistry*; D007474:Ion Exchange; D007477:Ions / Q000737:chemistry; D007700:Kinetics; D008956:Models, Chemical; D009821:Oils / Q000737:chemistry; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004655:Emulsions; D006873:Hydroquinones; D007477:Ions; D009821:Oils; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D014867:Water; C018855:2-tert-butylhydroquinone