title: [Ability of smell after medialization of the middle nasal turbinate in endoscopic sinus surgery].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endoscopic sinus surgery usually requires a move of the middle nasal turbinate into the midline to achieve a better sight into the ethmoidal sinuses. In this procedure damages of the turbinate are possible, which later can lead to a scarred fixation of the turbinate. Fixing of the turbinate to the septum can avoid this effect, but could reduce smell ability by blocking of the upper nasal duct.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective study with 83 patients with chronic sinusitis (55% CRS with polyps, 45% CRS without polyps) at the end of the operation the middle nasal turbinates were fixed at the nasal septum with a 4 × 0 stitch. Before the operation and 6 weeks, 3 and 5 months after operation the smell was tested using the "sniffin'sticks" threshold test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After operation the ethmoidal area remained open without developing of relevant synechiae or scars. The smell ability decreased after surgery due to the obstruction of the upper nasal duct, but improved again later. After 5 months the average threshold of smell was better than before operation. Testing of the threshold values with the t-test showed a significant difference (p<0.001) between the pre- and postoperative status.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The method of medialization and temporary septal fixation of the middle nasal turbinate allows a sufficient ventilation and drainage of the paranasal sinuses after sinus surgery. Due to only temporary fixation of the turbinate at the septum, a permanent obstruction of the upper nasal duct and the olfactory area is prevented. Thus the threshold of smell is not reduced.
authors.affiliation: HNO-Gemeinschaftspraxis, Calenberger Esplanade, Hannover, Germany. tdrkoch@web.de
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Iwers
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lenarz
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stolle
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004724:Endoscopy; D015521:Ethmoid Sinusitis / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000857:Olfaction Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D011127:Polyps / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014420:Turbinates / Q000601:surgery*; D055815:Young Adult