title: Integrated biological and chemical control of rice sheath blight by Bacillus subtilis NJ-18 and jinggangmycin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kühn is a major disease of rice that greatly reduces yield and grain quality and jinggangmycin is the most widely used fungicide to control this disease in China. Bacillus subtilis NJ-18 has broad antimicrobial activity to many phytopathogenic bacteria and fungi; it is especially effective against Rhizoctonia solani. Laboratory, greenhouse and field tests were conducted to determine the effect of combining the biological control agent Bacillus subtilis NJ-18 with the fungicide jinggangmycin for control of rice sheath blight.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Growth of NJ-18 in vitro was not affected by jinggangmycin. In a greenhouse experiment, disease control was greater with a mixture of NJ-18 and jinggangmycin than with either alone; a mixture of NJ-18 at 10(8)  cfu mL(-1) and jinggangmycin at 50 or 100 mg L(-1) reduced lesion length by 35% and 20%, respectively, and the combinations showed a synergistic action. In three field trials, disease control was significantly greater with a mixture of NJ-18 at 10(8)  cfu mL(-1) and jinggangmycin at 75 or 150 g a.i. ha(-1) than with either component alone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the study indicate that, when Bacillus subtilis NJ-18 strain was combined with jinggangmycin, there was an increased suppression of rice sheath blight, and thus could provide an alternative disease control option.
authors.affiliation: College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Di
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Shandong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jianxin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Changjun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Mingguo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D061046:Biological Control Agents; D004780:Environment, Controlled; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000633:toxicity; D007294:Inositol / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000633:toxicity; D012275:Oryza / Q000382:microbiology*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D012232:Rhizoctonia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D061046:Biological Control Agents; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; C030790:validamycin A; D007294:Inositol
keywords: Bacillus subtilis; integrated control; jinggangmycin; rice sheath blight