title: Identification of 3 distinct HIV-1 founding strains responsible for expanding epidemic among men who have sex with men in 9 Chinese cities.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the epidemiological relationships between HIV-1 strains that are spread among the men who have sex with men (MSM) populations of 9 cities across China and to analyze the origins and divergence times of the major epidemic strains found in the MSM population.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 583 HIV-1-positive subjects were recruited from high-risk MSM populations in 9 cities across China between 2009 and 2011. Nucleotide sequences of 1.0-kb pro-RT regions were amplified and sequenced. Phylogenetic and Bayesian molecular clock analyses were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall distribution of HIV-1 genotypes was as follows: CRF01_AE, 62.1%; CRF07_BC, 18.2%; subtype B (United States-European), 15.9%; subtype B', 0.7%; other recombinants, 3.1%. In addition to the 2 distinct CRF01_AE clusters [cluster 1 (n = 157, 26.9%) and cluster 2 (n = 196, 33.6%)] previously reported by our group, we identified a novel CRF07_BC cluster (cluster 3) (n = 94, 16.1%) unique to China's MSM population whose strains were homologous and could be detected in all 9 cities. These 3 lineages of HIV-1 strains (clusters 1-3) accounted for 76.7% (447 of 583) of infections among MSM in China as a whole. Clusters 1, 2, and 3 were estimated to have been introduced into the MSM population in 1999, 2001, and 2001, respectively, indicating that the newly identified CRF07_BC cluster 3 is not a young lineage. However, it spread quickly in recent years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We identified 3 distinct HIV-1 lineages (clusters 1-3) responsible for the recent upsurge of the AIDS epidemic among MSM in China. These 3 HIV-1 variants are spread widely among MSM throughout China, demonstrating remarkable founding effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoxu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Minghui
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: An
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Shu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Minghua
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhuang
authors.forename: Hongjing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Jihua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Weiping
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takebe
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D058872:Epidemics; D005784:Gene Amplification; D005838:Genotype; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D018451:Homosexuality, Male / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010802:Phylogeny; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017423:Sequence Analysis, RNA; D047568:Unsafe Sex; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
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