title: Derivation of quantitative removal efficiency of protein stain from K/S value of washing test fabric soiled with hemoglobin.
abstract: We have improved a previous method for the preparation of hemoglobin-soiled fabrics in order to facilitate quantitative calculation of the efficiency with which protein stains can be removed from such materials. We then evaluated the sensitivity of surface reflectance as a method for stain quantification. Test fabrics were made by spotting a white fabric with a certain amount of hemoglobin solution and drying it. We observed a large difference between the percentage stain removal as measured by surface reflectance when compared with chemical analysis. Deformities in the surface of the soiled fabric caused by capillary action in the drying process likely contributed to this difference. Quantitative removal percentage could be predicted easily from the K/S values of test fabrics that were dry-heated without steam, although soil adhesion was too weak to evaluate the washing power of commercial detergent. Overall, we found that practical test fabrics with adequate soil adhesion properties can be prepared by adopting a steam heating process after dry heating.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Rie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kurono
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nishio
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oya
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D003902:Detergents / Q000737:chemistry; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D013227:Steam; D013696:Temperature; D013784:Textiles
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D003902:Detergents; D006454:Hemoglobins; D013227:Steam