title: Three-dimensional metabolic and radiologic gathered evaluation using VR-RENDER fusion: a novel tool to enhance accuracy in the localization of parathyroid adenomas.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of a novel imaging modality, three-dimensional (3D) metabolic and radiologic gathered evaluation (MeRGE), for localizing parathyroid adenomas (PAs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive patients presenting with primary hyperparathyroidism who underwent both thin-slice cervical computed tomography (CT) and (99m)Tc-sestamibi (MIBI) scanning were included. 3D-CT reconstruction was obtained using VR-RENDER, which was used to perform 3D virtual neck exploration (3D-VNE). The MIBI scan was then fused with the 3D reconstruction to obtain 3D-MeRGE. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were assessed. Parathyroid gland volume and preoperative parathormone (PTH) levels were analyzed as predictive factors of correct localization (i.e., correct quadrant).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 108 cervical quadrants (27 patients) were analyzed. Sensitivities were 79.31, 75.86, 65.51, and 58.61 % with 3D-MeRGE, 3D-VNE, MIBI, and CT, respectively. Specificity was highest with CT (94.93 %) followed by 3D-VNE (92.4 %). MIBI and 3D-MeRGE had the same specificity (88.6 %). 3D-MeRGE and 3D-VNE achieved higher accuracy than MIBI or CT alone. Mean PTH values were significantly higher in patients with lesions that were correctly identified (true positive, TP) than in those whose lesions were missed (false negative, FN) with 3D-VNE (219.60 ± 212.77 vs. 98.75 ± 12.76 pg/ml; p = 0.01) and 3D-MeRGE (217.69 ± 213.76 vs. 09.75 ± 20.48 pg/ml; p = 0.02). The mean parathyroid gland volume difference between TP and FN was statistically significant with all modalities except CT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  3D-MeRGE and 3D-VNE showed high accuracy for localization of PAs. 3D-MeRGE performed better than MIBI or CT alone for detecting small adenomas and those with a low PTH level.
authors.affiliation: IRCAD-IHU, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Jacopo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: D'Agostino
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Diana
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vix
authors.forename: Stephane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nicolau
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Soler
authors.forename: Khalil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bourhala
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hassler
authors.forename: Hurng-Sheng
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marescaux
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D049950:Hyperparathyroidism, Primary / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010282:Parathyroid Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D016105:Parathyroidectomy; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D017256:Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D017256:Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi
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