title: Behavioural and electroantennogram responses of the stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans L.) to plant essential oils and their mixtures with attractants.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Insect olfactory organs possess many olfactory receptor neurons, which detect many different sets of odorants in nature. In order to feed on blood meals, stable flies locate host animals and humans using chemical cues such as 1-octen-3-ol and butyric acid. In the present study, behavioural and electroantennogram (EAG) response patterns to repellent volatiles from essential oils (EOs) of Zanthoxylum piperitum and Z. armatum in combination with the attractants were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Components of the EOs such as cuminaldehyde, citronellal, neral, linalool, linalool oxide, terpinen-4-ol, 1,8-cineole, and piperitone induced remarkable repellent behaviours in the stable fly. EAG responses in the fly antenna to these chemicals showed a dose-dependent manner. The patterns of behavioural and EAG responses were significantly altered depending on the ratios of 1-octen-3-ol or butyric acid to the EOs or compounds in the air mixtures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study demonstrated that the Zanthoxylum EOs decreased the levels of response of flight behaviours of the stable fly towards host volatile compounds. The combinations of odorant mixtures of the attractants with the EOs and their components affect the representation of behavioural and EAG responses of the flies. The summation and integration patterns of olfactory responses measured by the EAG indicated that the peripheral olfactory networks in antennae could process the odorant complexity of different odorant mixtures between attractants and repellents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Trung Tran
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Hieu
authors.forename: JeWon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Soon-Il
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Young-Joon
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Hyung Wook
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Kwon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D007300:Insect Control; D008297:Male; D009117:Muscidae / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012724:Sex Attractants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D032106:Zanthoxylum / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010938:Plant Oils; D012724:Sex Attractants
keywords: Stomoxys calcitrans; Zanthoxylum armatum; Zanthoxylum piperitum; electroantennogram; olfaction; sensory behaviours