title: Biocompatibility and setting time of CPM-MTA and white Portland cement clinker with or without calcium sulfate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the biocompatibility and the setting time of Portland cement clinker with or without 2% or 5% calcium sulfate and MTA-CPM.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four mice (Rattus norvegicus) received subcutaneously polyethylene tubes filled with Portland cement clinker with or without 2% or 5% calcium sulfate and MTA. After 15, 30 and 60 days of implantation, the animals were killed and specimens were prepared for microscopic analysis. For evaluation of the setting time, each material was analyzed using Gilmore needles weighing 113.5 g and 456.5 g, according to the ASTM specification Number C266-08 guideline. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's test for setting time and Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn test for biocompatibility at 5% significance level.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Histologic observation showed no statistically significant difference of biocompatibility (p>0.05) among the materials in the subcutaneous tissues. For the setting time, clinker without calcium sulfate showed the shortest initial and final setting times (6.18 s/21.48 s), followed by clinker with 2% calcium sulfate (9.22 s/25.33 s), clinker with 5% calcium sulfate (10.06 s/42.46 s) and MTA (15.01 s/42.46 s).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All the tested materials showed biocompatibility and the calcium sulfate absence shortened the initial and final setting times of the white Portland cement clinker.
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP Brazil. bramante@fob.usp.br
authors.forename: Clovis Monteiro
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Bramante
authors.forename: Marcia Magro
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Gerson Francisco de
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Assis
authors.forename: Marco Antonio Hungaro
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.forename: Norberti
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bernardineli
authors.forename: Ivaldo Gomes de
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Moraes
authors.forename: Roberto Brandão
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ordinola-Zapata
authors.forename: Alexandre Silva
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Bramante
mesh_terms: D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D002133:Calcium Sulfate / Q000737:chemistry*; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D008297:Male; D008422:Materials Testing; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017640:Silicates / Q000737:chemistry*; D040521:Subcutaneous Tissue; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D003738:Dental Cements; D004338:Drug Combinations; D010087:Oxides; D017640:Silicates; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate; D002133:Calcium Sulfate
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