title: A novel serum metabolomics-based diagnostic approach to pancreatic cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To improve the prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer, more accurate serum diagnostic methods are required. We used serum metabolomics as a diagnostic method for pancreatic cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sera from patients with pancreatic cancer, healthy volunteers, and chronic pancreatitis were collected at multiple institutions. The pancreatic cancer and healthy volunteers were randomly allocated to the training or the validation set. All of the chronic pancreatitis cases were included in the validation set. In each study, the subjects' serum metabolites were analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and a data processing system using an in-house library. The diagnostic model constructed via multiple logistic regression analysis in the training set study was evaluated on the basis of its sensitivity and specificity, and the results were confirmed by the validation set study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the training set study, which included 43 patients with pancreatic cancer and 42 healthy volunteers, the model possessed high sensitivity (86.0%) and specificity (88.1%) for pancreatic cancer. The use of the model was confirmed in the validation set study, which included 42 pancreatic cancer, 41 healthy volunteers, and 23 chronic pancreatitis; that is, it displayed high sensitivity (71.4%) and specificity (78.1%); and furthermore, it displayed higher sensitivity (77.8%) in resectable pancreatic cancer and lower false-positive rate (17.4%) in chronic pancreatitis than conventional markers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our model possessed higher accuracy than conventional tumor markers at detecting the resectable patients with pancreatic cancer in cohort including patients with chronic pancreatitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is a promising method for improving the prognosis of pancreatic cancer via its early detection and accurate discrimination from chronic pancreatitis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chu-o-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 6500017, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Shin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nishiumi
authors.forename: Atsuki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Tomoo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshie
authors.forename: Aya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: Atsuki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Matsubara
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Izumi
authors.forename: Hidetaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsumura
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsuda
authors.forename: Hogara
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nishisaki
authors.forename: Nobuhide
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kawano
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.forename: Hironobu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Minami
authors.forename: Tadaomi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takenawa
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Azuma
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshida
mesh_terms: D002288:Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D018267:Carcinoma, Acinar Cell / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D021441:Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D055432:Metabolomics; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D050500:Pancreatitis, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011379:Prognosis; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor