title: Early oxygenation and ventilation measurements after pediatric cardiac arrest: lack of association with outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore oxygenation and ventilation status early after cardiac arrest in infants and children. We hypothesize that hyperoxia is common and associated with worse outcome after pediatric cardiac arrest.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen hospitals within the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children who suffered a cardiac arrest event and survived for at least 6 hours after return of circulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analysis of 195 events revealed that abnormalities in oxygenation and ventilation are common during the initial 6 hours after pediatric cardiac arrest. Hyperoxia was frequent, affecting 54% of patients. Normoxia was documented in 34% and hypoxia in 22% of patients. These percentages account for a 10% overlap of patients who had both hyperoxia and hypoxia. Ventilation status was more evenly distributed with hyperventilation observed in 38%, normoventilation in 29%, and hypoventilation in 46%, with a 13% overlap of patients who had both hyperventilation and hypoventilation. Derangements in both oxygenation and ventilation were common early after cardiac arrest such that both normoxia and normocarbia were documented in only 25 patients (13%). Neither oxygenation nor ventilation status was associated with outcome. After controlling for potential confounders, arrest location and rhythm were significantly associated with worse outcome; however, hyperoxia was not (odds ratio for good outcome, 1.02 [0.46, 2.84]; p = 0.96).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite recent resuscitation guidelines that advocate maintenance of normoxia and normoventilation after pediatric cardiac arrest, this is uncommonly achieved in practice. Although we did not demonstrate an association between hyperoxia and worse outcome, the small proportion of patients kept within normal ranges limited our power. Preclinical data suggesting potential harm with hyperoxia remain compelling, and further investigation, including prospective, large studies involving robust recording of physiological derangements, is necessary to further advance our understanding of this important topic.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Critical Care, Primary Children's Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA. kim.bennett@hsc.utah.edu
authors.forename: Kimberly Statler
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.forename: Amy E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Kathleen L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Meert
authors.forename: Alexis A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Topjian
authors.forename: Charles L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Schleien
authors.forename: Donald H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Shaffner
authors.forename: J Michael
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Dean
authors.forename: Frank W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Moler
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D015278:Intensive Care Units, Pediatric / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D012151:Resuscitation / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D012189:Retrospective Studies
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