title: A sensitive and selective imprinted solid phase extraction coupled to HPLC for simultaneous detection of trace quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid and methyl-3-quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid in animal muscles.
abstract: A new molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP), selective for major metabolites of quinoxaline-1,4-dioxides, was prepared through bulk polymerisation using quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid (QCA) as template, diethylaminoethylmethacrylate as functional monomer and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as cross-linker in tetrahydrofuran. The synthesised MIP was characterised by Fourier transform infrared and adsorption experiments. MIP exhibited high affinity, fast kinetics for QCA and good selectivity for QCA and methyl-3-quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid (MQCA). MIP obtained was used as a selective sorbent for molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction (MISPE) coupled with HPLC to detect QCA and MQCA. Under the optimal conditions, the limits of detection (S/N=3) of porcine, chicken and fish muscles were 0.1, 0.3, 0.1 μg/kg for QCA and 0.2, 0.3, 0.1 μg/kg for MQCA, respectively and good recoveries were obtained in the range from 60.0 to 119.4%. These results indicated the MISPE-HPLC procedure could be successfully used for the determination QCA and MQCA in animal muscles.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
authors.forename: Zhenjuan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.forename: Jianghua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.forename: Guozhen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Lipeng
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Shuo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D005399:Fishes; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis*; D054802:Molecular Imprinting; D015394:Molecular Structure; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000737:chemistry*; D011810:Quinoxalines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D006133:Growth Substances; D011810:Quinoxalines; C500698:methyl-3-quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid; C042218:quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid