title: High Efficiency Ex Vivo Gene Transfer to Primary Murine B Cells Using Plasmid or Viral Vectors.
abstract: Primary autologous B-lymphocytes, followingex vivogene transfer and re-implantation, have been successfully utilized to prevent autoimmune disease and adaptive responses to therapeutic proteins in several animal models. However, efficient gene transfer to primary B cells requires use of retroviral vectors, which increase the risk of insertional mutagenesis. Here, we evaluated several alternative gene transfer approaches. Resting splenic B cells were purified and activated with LPS, andex vivoGFP gene transfer was performed by means of nucleofection, lipofectamine, adenoviral infection, or murine retroviral infection. The Adenoviral (Ad) vectors were added to B cell cultures with or without calcium phosphate precipitation. For transfection and nucleofection, naked plasmid DNA was utilized. Nucleofection technology represents a modified electroporation technique for effective transfer of nucleic acids to the nucleus and thus enhances the efficiency of transfer particularly for primary cells. Efficiency ofex vivogene transfer was determined by flow cytometry using GFP, CD19, and a vital dye as markers. Nucleofection yielded the highest level of gene transfer with 60-65% of B cells being GFP+. Efficiencies were 30-35% for retrovirus, 20% for Ad5/11, 15% for Ad5/35, and 5% for lipofectamine-mediated transfection. Calcium phosphate precipitation increased efficiencies for Ad vectors to 30% (Ad5/11) and 25% (Ad5/35). Lipofectamin caused the greatest cell death at 80%, followed by nucleofection (35%), and viral vector (10-15% in each case). For all methods, gene transfer efficiencies were nearly identical for B cells from C57BL/6 or C3H/HeOuJ mice. In conclusion, recent advances in gene transfer technologies provide alternatives to retroviral vectors for primary B cells. If stable gene transfer is desired, non-integrating vector systems may be combined with transposon- or phage integrase-based systems or future site-specific systems to achieve integration into the host B cell genome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
authors.forename: Babak
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Moghimi
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Zolotukhin
authors.forename: Brandon K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Sack
authors.forename: Roland W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Herzog
authors.forename: Ou
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Cao
keywords: Adenovirus; B cells; Ex vivo gene transfer; Plasmid DNA; Retrovirus; Transfection
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