title: Ultrasound-assisted surfactant-enhanced emulsification microextraction with solidification of floating organic droplet followed by high performance liquid chromatography for the determination of strobilurin fungicides in fruit juice samples.
abstract: A novel method, ultrasound-assisted surfactant-enhanced emulsification microextraction with solidification of floating organic droplet (UASEME-SFOD), has been developed for the extraction of four strobilurin fungicides (kresoxim-methyl, picoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin and trifloxystrobin) in fruit juices. In the UASEME-SFOD technique, Tween 80 was used as emulsifier, and 1-undecanol was used as extraction solvent without using any organic dispersive solvent. Several parameters that affect the extraction efficiency, such as the kind and volume of extraction solvent, the type and concentration of the surfactant, extraction time, extraction temperature and salt addition were investigated and optimized. Under the optimum extraction condition, the method yields a linear calibration curve in the concentration range from 5 to 10,000 ng mL(-1) for the targeted analytes with the correlation coefficient ranging from 0.9991 to 0.9998. The enrichment factors were in the range between 95 and 135, and the limits of detection of the method were 2-4 ng mL(-1). The fruit juice samples were successfully analyzed using the proposed method, and the relative recoveries at fortified levels of 50 and 100 ng mL(-1) were in the range of 82.6-97.5%.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, PR China. liangpei@mail.ccnu.edu.cn
authors.forename: Pei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Guojiao
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Wanting
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000032:analysis; D000179:Acrylates / Q000032:analysis; D001628:Beverages / Q000032:analysis*; D002219:Carbamates / Q000032:analysis; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D004655:Emulsions; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000032:analysis*; D007097:Imines / Q000032:analysis; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000032:analysis; D010648:Phenylacetates / Q000032:analysis; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000032:analysis; D011725:Pyridines / Q000032:analysis; D000073739:Strobilurins; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D013696:Temperature; D014465:Ultrasonics
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D000179:Acrylates; D002219:Carbamates; D004655:Emulsions; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D007097:Imines; D008689:Methacrylates; D010648:Phenylacetates; D011720:Pyrazoles; D011725:Pyridines; D000073739:Strobilurins; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; C469328:kresoxim-methyl; C556557:picoxystrobin; C513428:pyrachlostrobin; C467051:trifloxystrobin