title: The effects of bee pollen extracts on the broiler chicken's gastrointestinal microflora.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of bee pollen ethanolic extracts on the in vivo gastrointestinal tract microflora colonization of broiler chickens. A completely randomized experiment based on six treatments (different concentrations of bee pollen - 0, 5, 15, 25, 35 and 45 g kg(-1) diet) was used during 7 weeks. The highest count of faecal Enterococci was found in the experimental group with the addition of 15 g of pollen (8.85 ± 0.87 log CFU g(-1)) per 1 kg of feed mixture. The highest count of Lactobacilli was detected in the experimental group with 35 g of pollen per 1 kg of feed mixture and the highest number of the Enterobacteriaceae genera count was found in the control group (8.43 ± 0.15 log CFU g(-1)). Moreover, the MALDI TOF MS Biotyper identified the following genera: Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella oxytoca, as well as Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. crispatus, L. fermentum and L. salivarius from the Lactobacilli group and Enterococcus avium, E. casseliflavus, E. cecorum, E. faecalis, E. faecium, E. gallinarum, E. hirae and E. malodoratus from the Enterococci group. Additionally, the in vitro antimicrobial activities of pollen against five bacteria species isolated from gastrointestinal tracts of chickens were tested. The best antimicrobial effect of the pollen extract was detected against K. oxytoca.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovak Republic. miroslava.kacaniova@gmail.com
authors.forename: Miroslava
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kačániová
authors.forename: Katarína
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rovná
authors.forename: Henrieta
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Arpášová
authors.forename: Lukáš
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hleba
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Petrová
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Haščík
authors.forename: Juraj
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cuboň
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pavelková
authors.forename: Róbert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chlebo
authors.forename: Alica
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bobková
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stričík
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001516:Bees; D002645:Chickens / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial / Q000662:veterinary; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D007777:Lactobacillaceae / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D011058:Pollen / Q000737:chemistry*; D011897:Random Allocation; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization / Q000662:veterinary