title: Distortion-product otoacoustic emissions and contralateral suppression findings in children with Asperger's Syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Children with Asperger's Syndrome (AS) often demonstrate auditory behaviors such as hypersensitivity to sounds and poor performance in noisy environments. These auditory behaviors may be related to cochlear dysfunction and abnormal medial olivocochlear bundle (MOCB) activity. The objective of this study was to examine the distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) with and without contralateral white noise to evaluate outer hair cell activity and MOCB activity in children with AS.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case control study where 18 boys with AS and 18 age-matched control subjects participated in the study. For both groups, DPOAEs were recorded at 4031, 2627, 1969, and 1359 Hz f2 frequencies with and without contralateral white noise at 30 dB SL. DPOAE SNRs and difference scores were analyzed for possible differences between both groups and age subgroups (young and old children).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the quiet condition, there were no significant group or ear differences in DPOAEs SNR. However, DPOAEs SNR were larger at 4031 Hz than at lower frequencies in both groups, mostly due to negative effect of background noise on low frequency response. Contralateral noise resulted in both suppression and enhancement of the DPOAE SNRs in 93% of the control group and 90% of the AS group. However, there were no significant differences in suppression and enhancement between the two groups or age subgroups. The young controls had right ear advantage and significantly larger suppression at all frequencies except 4031 Hz than old controls. The young children with AS had slight left ear advantage and significantly larger suppression only at 2672 Hz compared to the old children with AS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results, indicating minor differences in DPOAEs and contralateral suppression and enhancement of DPOAEs between both control and AS groups and age subgroups, suggest subtle differences in the function of the outer hair cells and the MOCB activity. Therefore, other central auditory processing in the temporal lobe, limbic system and autonomic nervous system may be involved in the generation of hypersensitivity to sounds and difficulty understanding in noisy environments in children with AS.
authors.affiliation: Communication Sciences and Disorders Department, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO 65897, USA. wafaakaf@missouristate.edu
authors.forename: Wafaa A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Kaf
authors.forename: Ali A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Danesh
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D020817:Asperger Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D001301:Audiometry, Pure-Tone / Q000379:methods; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006198:Hair Cells, Auditory / Q000502:physiology; D006311:Hearing Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009622:Noise / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017084:Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous / Q000502:physiology*; D012016:Reference Values; D018570:Risk Assessment