title: Long-acting injectable formulations of antipsychotic drugs for the treatment of schizophrenia.
abstract: Antipsychotic drugs have been used to treat patients with schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. Long-acting injectable antipsychotic drugs are useful for improving medication compliance with a better therapeutic option to treat patients who lack insight or adhere poorly to oral medication. Several long-acting injectable antipsychotic drugs are clinically available. Haloperidol decanoate and fluphenazine decanoate are first-generation depot drugs, but the use of these medicines has declined since the advent of second-generation depot agents, such as long-acting risperidone, paliperidone palmitate, and olanzapine pamoate. The second-generation depot drugs are better tolerated and have fewer adverse neurological side effects. Long-acting injectable risperidone, the first depot formulation of an atypical antipsychotic drug, was prepared by encapsulating risperidone into biodegradable microspheres. Paliperidone palmitate is an aqueous suspension of nanocrystal molecules, and olanzapine pamoate is a microcrystalline salt of olanzapine and pamoic acid suspended in aqueous solution. This review summarizes the characteristics and recent research of formulations of each long-acting injectable antipsychotic drug.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, South Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Ji
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Sarmila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Amatya
authors.forename: Myung Sun
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jong Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Eunyoung
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Seol
authors.forename: Heeyong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Young-Hee
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Dong Hee
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Na
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D055118:Medication Adherence; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations