title: Establishment of auditory discrimination and detection of tinnitus induced by salicylic acid and intense tone exposure in the rat.
abstract: Rats were trained in a two lever food reinforced operant procedure to discriminate a 8000 Hz pure tone stimulus from its absence. Responding on one lever was reinforced in the presence of the tone and responding on the other lever was reinforced when the tone was absent. Frequency generalization testing yielded an inverted U-shaped function, whereas sound pressure level generalization testing yielded a continuous decrease in responding on the tone associated lever with decreasing sound pressure levels. The administration of sodium salicylic acid (150-450 mg/kg) generated responding on the tone associated lever suggesting that salicylic acid induced an experience that had commonalities with the percept of the training tone stimulus. After exposure to intense sound, responding consistent with the presence of tinnitus was achieved and Lidocaine failed to reduce tinnitus behavior. The use of a two choice design helped avoid confounding factors induced by drug induced side effects. Further, since no auditory cues were employed in the test situation the model achieves resistance to potential bias due to hearing impairment and hyperacusis. We propose that this model may be useful in detecting tinnitus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, AstraZeneca R&D, SE-151 85 Södertälje, Sweden. fresed@gmail.com
authors.forename: Fredrik
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sederholm
authors.forename: Michael D B
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Swedberg
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D001307:Auditory Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D003216:Conditioning, Operant / Q000187:drug effects; D004192:Discrimination, Psychological / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D008297:Male; D011571:Psychoacoustics; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects; D012054:Reinforcement, Psychology; D020156:Salicylic Acid / Q000633:toxicity*; D013016:Sound; D013997:Time Factors; D014012:Tinnitus / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D020156:Salicylic Acid