title: The bone marrow microenvironment in waldenstrom macroglobulinemia.
abstract: Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM) is a low-grade B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder characterized primarily by specific homing and growth of tumor cells within the bone marrow niches. The progressive growth of tumor cells throughout the bone marrow indicates that the tumor cells are capable of homing and adhering to specific niches that allow growth, survival and drug resistance. In this review we highlight the interaction of the tumor cells in WM and the bone marrow microenvironment including bone marrow stromal cells, endothelial cells and mast cells. Migration, adhesion and downstream activation of signaling pathways leads to cell trafficking and cell dissemination in WM. Future therapeutic agents need to target not only the tumor clone, but also its close interaction with the bone marrow microenvironment.
authors.affiliation: Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Irene M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Ghobrial
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Maiso
authors.forename: Abdelkareem
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Azab
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ghayas
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Issa
authors.forename: Feda
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Azab
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sacco
authors.forename: Phong
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Quang
authors.forename: Hai
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ngo
authors.forename: Aldo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Roccaro
keywords: Waldenstrom; adhesion; bone marrow; cell trafficking; homing; migration; niche
references.citation: Blood. 2010 May 20;115(20):4051-60
references.pmid: 20110419
references.citation: Blood. 2005 Aug 15;106(4):1341-5
references.pmid: 15886318
references.citation: Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2005 Dec;4(12):988-1004
references.pmid: 16341064
references.citation: Blood. 2005 Sep 15;106(6):1901-10
references.pmid: 15890683
references.citation: Clin Cancer Res. 2009 Oct 1;15(19):6035-41
references.pmid: 19755386
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 1998 Feb 12;338(7):436-45
references.pmid: 9459648
references.citation: Oncogene. 2004 Oct 18;23(48):7906-9
references.pmid: 15489908
references.citation: Ann Oncol. 2006 Aug;17(8):1275-82
references.pmid: 16788002
references.citation: Histol Histopathol. 2004 Jan;19(1):299-309
references.pmid: 14702198
references.citation: Leuk Res. 2009 Sep;33(9):1204-7
references.pmid: 19394082
references.citation: Blood. 2010 Jan 21;115(3):559-69
references.pmid: 19965685
references.citation: Adv Cancer Res. 1999;76:61-119
references.pmid: 10218099
references.citation: Cancer. 2006 Oct 15;107(8):1918-29
references.pmid: 16986126
references.citation: J Mol Histol. 2004 Mar;35(3):233-45
references.pmid: 15339043
references.citation: Clin Lymphoma Myeloma. 2006 May;6(6):478-83
references.pmid: 16796779
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 1998 Sep 4;273(36):23169-75
references.pmid: 9722546
references.citation: Oncogene. 2004 Oct 18;23(48):8001-6
references.pmid: 15489917
references.citation: Semin Oncol. 2003 Apr;30(2):110-5
references.pmid: 12720118
references.citation: Blood. 2008 Jul 1;112(1):150-8
references.pmid: 18448868
references.citation: Curr Pharm Des. 2005;11(9):1119-30
references.pmid: 15853660
references.citation: J Clin Invest. 2006 May;116(5):1195-201
references.pmid: 16670760
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 2001 Sep 13;345(11):833-5
references.pmid: 11556308
references.citation: Blood. 2000 Jun 1;95(11):3289-96
references.pmid: 10828007
references.citation: Curr Treat Options Oncol. 2004 Jun;5(3):239-47
references.pmid: 15115652
references.citation: Nature. 2005 Jun 16;435(7044):969-73
references.pmid: 15959517
references.citation: J Clin Oncol. 2005 Aug 10;23(23):5347-56
references.pmid: 15983389
references.citation: Blood. 2010 Sep 2;116(9):1506-14
references.pmid: 20519629
references.citation: Blood. 2001 Jun 1;97(11):3342-8
references.pmid: 11369622
references.citation: Blood. 2009 Apr 30;113(18):4391-402
references.pmid: 19074725
references.citation: Nature. 1998 Apr 9;392(6676):565-8
references.pmid: 9560152
references.citation: Oncogene. 2001 Mar 26;20(13):1601-6
references.pmid: 11313907
references.citation: Clin Lymphoma Myeloma. 2009 Mar;9(1):94-6
references.pmid: 19362985
references.citation: J Clin Oncol. 2005 Mar 1;23(7):1564-77
references.pmid: 15735132
references.citation: Br J Haematol. 2007 Jun;137(6):560-8
references.pmid: 17451406
references.citation: Oncogene. 2002 Sep 26;21(43):6587-97
references.pmid: 12242656
references.citation: Cancer Cell. 2004 Sep;6(3):209-14
references.pmid: 15380511
references.citation: Blood. 2008 May 15;111(10):5068-77
references.pmid: 18334673
references.citation: Ann Oncol. 2004;15 Suppl 4:iv233-9
references.pmid: 15477314
references.citation: Nat Med. 2004 Jan;10(1):64-71
references.pmid: 14702636
references.citation: Expert Opin Ther Targets. 2007 Jan;11(1):91-100
references.pmid: 17150037
references.citation: Genes Dev. 2004 Sep 15;18(18):2195-224
references.pmid: 15371334
references.citation: J Clin Invest. 2003 Jul;112(2):160-9
references.pmid: 12865405
references.citation: J Cell Sci. 2001 Apr;114(Pt 8):1439-45
references.pmid: 11282020
references.citation: Leukemia. 2002 Oct;16(10):1992-2003
references.pmid: 12357350
references.citation: Stem Cells. 2005 Aug;23(7):879-94
references.pmid: 15888687
references.citation: Clin Lymphoma Myeloma. 2009 Mar;9(1):46-9
references.pmid: 19362971
references.citation: J Clin Oncol. 2000 Jan;18(1):214-26
references.pmid: 10623712
references.citation: J Clin Invest. 2005 Jan;115(1):168-76
references.pmid: 15630457
references.citation: Cancer Treat Rev. 2004 Apr;30(2):193-204
references.pmid: 15023437