title: Transnational connections of later-life migrants.
abstract: In this paper a transnational perspective is used to explain whether and how older migrants construct and sustain their social networks. The paper uses a transnational viewpoint on older migrants' lives by analysing their engagement with their former homeland, and the intensity and habitualness of those engagements in old age. The aim of this article is to study the transnational connections of later-life migrants'. Attention is especially paid to the features of old age while maintaining these connections. These considerations are based on analyses of transnational networks in the everyday lives of later-life migrants from the former Soviet Union residing in Finland. The data were collected from 11 later-life migrants. It is found that transnational relationships are a vital part of the everyday lives of older migrants, and that they are sustained in varied ways. These connections mean a concrete source of help, family affiliations, the sharing of emotions, and a larger social network. Economic limitations affect the frequency and type of communication, and various physical limitations may also cause inability to maintain contacts across borders. In these circumstances, family members or other close relatives or friends are needed to deliver messages on the older person's behalf. Old age and immigration status affect the amount and direction of communication across borders, thereby shaping these networks.
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences, Medisiinarinkatu 3, Tampere University, Finland. sari.johanna.heikkinen@uta.fi
authors.forename: Sari Johanna
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Heikkinen
authors.forename: Kirsi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lumme-Sandt
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged / Q000523:psychology*; D000369:Aged, 80 and over / Q000523:psychology*; D003469:Culture; D005195:Family Relations; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012931:Social Environment; D012944:Social Support; D014171:Transients and Migrants / Q000523:psychology*; D014586:USSR / Q000208:ethnology