title: Dried plum's unique capacity to reverse bone loss and alter bone metabolism in postmenopausal osteoporosis model.
abstract: Interest in dried plum has increased over the past decade due to its promise in restoring bone and preventing bone loss in animal models of osteoporosis. This study compared the effects of dried plum on bone to other dried fruits and further explored the potential mechanisms of action through which dried plum may exert its osteoprotective effects. Adult osteopenic ovariectomized (OVX) C57BL/6 mice were fed either a control diet or a diet supplemented with 25% (w/w) dried plum, apple, apricot, grape or mango for 8 weeks. Whole body and spine bone mineral density improved in mice consuming the dried plum, apricot and grape diets compared to the OVX control mice, but dried plum was the only fruit to have an anabolic effect on trabecular bone in the vertebra and prevent bone loss in the tibia. Restoration of biomechanical properties occurred in conjunction with the changes in trabecular bone in the spine. Compared to other dried fruits in this study, dried plum was unique in its ability to down-regulate osteoclast differentiation coincident with up-regulating osteoblast and glutathione (GPx) activity. These alterations in bone metabolism and antioxidant status compared to other dried fruits provide insight into dried plum's unique effects on bone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States of America.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rendina
authors.forename: Kelsey D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Hembree
authors.forename: McKale R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Denver
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Marlow
authors.forename: Stephen L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.forename: Bernard P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Halloran
authors.forename: Edralin A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Lucas
authors.forename: Brenda J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001835:Body Weight; D015519:Bone Density; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D004032:Diet / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D027861:Prunus / Q000378:metabolism
references.citation: Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2008 Dec;15(6):495-501
references.pmid: 18971677
references.citation: Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2004 Feb;6(1):49-58
references.pmid: 14713402
references.citation: Immunol Rev. 2005 Dec;208:207-27
references.pmid: 16313351
references.citation: J Biomed Eng. 1990 Sep;12(5):389-97
references.pmid: 2214726
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 1999 Dec 3;274(49):34967-73
references.pmid: 10574973
references.citation: Am J Physiol. 1996 Mar;270(3 Pt 1):E407-12
references.pmid: 8638685
references.citation: Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012;2012:525079
references.pmid: 22927879
references.citation: Calcif Tissue Int. 2008 Jun;82(6):475-88
references.pmid: 18509698
references.citation: Osteoporos Int. 2007 Jul;18(7):931-42
references.pmid: 17554580
references.citation: Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012;2012:848269
references.pmid: 23024697
references.citation: Calcif Tissue Int. 1985 May;37(3):324-8
references.pmid: 3926284
references.citation: Bone. 1989;10(2):113-6
references.pmid: 2765309
references.citation: Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2009 Jan;64(1):58-72
references.pmid: 19099613
references.citation: J Inflamm (Lond). 2007 Sep 07;4:17
references.pmid: 17825101
references.citation: Database (Oxford). 2010;2010:bap024
references.pmid: 20428313
references.citation: J Natl Cancer Inst. 1998 Mar 18;90(6):440-6
references.pmid: 9521168
references.citation: Endocr Rev. 2010 Jun;31(3):266-300
references.pmid: 20051526
references.citation: J Agric Food Chem. 2003 Jun 4;51(12):3675-81
references.pmid: 12769544
references.citation: Am J Epidemiol. 2001 Sep 15;154(6):495-503
references.pmid: 11549554
references.citation: Med J Aust. 2005 Apr 18;182(8):417-8
references.pmid: 15850440
references.citation: Mol Nutr Food Res. 2009 Nov;53(11):1452-61
references.pmid: 19784998
references.citation: Br J Nutr. 2011 Sep;106(6):923-30
references.pmid: 21736808
references.citation: Am J Physiol. 1996 Jan;270(1 Pt 1):C382-8
references.pmid: 8772466
references.citation: Clin Chim Acta. 2005 Oct;360(1-2):81-6
references.pmid: 15970279
references.citation: Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2011;75(10):1907-11
references.pmid: 21979066
references.citation: J Sci Food Agric. 2011 Mar 30;91(5):860-6
references.pmid: 21384353
references.citation: Menopause. 2005 Nov-Dec;12(6):755-62
references.pmid: 16278620
references.citation: Toxicol Sci. 1999 Dec;52(2 Suppl):95-100
references.pmid: 10630596
references.citation: J Nutr Biochem. 2009 Jan;20(1):35-44
references.pmid: 18495459
references.citation: J Agric Food Chem. 2004 Feb 25;52(4):853-9
references.pmid: 14969541
references.citation: Arch Pharm Res. 2010 Aug;33(8):1181-91
references.pmid: 20803121
references.citation: JAMA. 2009 Jan 7;301(1):39-51
references.pmid: 19066370
references.citation: Ital Heart J. 2001 Jan;2(1):1-8
references.pmid: 11214695
references.citation: J Clin Invest. 2000 Nov;106(10):1229-37
references.pmid: 11086024
references.citation: J Agric Food Chem. 2004 Oct 20;52(21):6532-8
references.pmid: 15479019
references.citation: J Nutr Biochem. 2012 Jan;23(1):60-8
references.pmid: 21414765
references.citation: Biochem Pharmacol. 2006 Nov 30;72(11):1439-52
references.pmid: 16920072
references.citation: J Nutr. 2007 Oct;137(10):2270-8
references.pmid: 17885010
references.citation: Bone. 2006 Dec;39(6):1331-42
references.pmid: 16890505
references.citation: Endocrinology. 2005 Feb;146(2):728-35
references.pmid: 15528306
references.citation: J Agric Food Chem. 2002 Jun 5;50(12):3579-85
references.pmid: 12033832
references.citation: J Cell Biochem. 2011 Nov;112(11):3159-66
references.pmid: 21732406
references.citation: J Nutr Biochem. 2008 Oct;19(10):694-9
references.pmid: 18328688
references.citation: Nutr Rev. 2007 Aug;65(8 Pt 1):361-75
references.pmid: 17867370
references.citation: JAMA. 2006 Sep 13;296(10):1255-65
references.pmid: 16968850
references.citation: Biofactors. 2005;23(2):97-105
references.pmid: 16179751
references.citation: J Hypertens. 2008 Jan;26(1):44-52
references.pmid: 18090539