title: Potential use of Atlantic cod trypsin in biomedicine.
abstract: Surface proteins of viruses and bacteria used for cell attachment and invasion are candidates for degradation by proteases. Trypsin from Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) was previously demonstrated to have efficacy against influenza viruses in vitro and on skin. In this paper, cod trypsin is shown to be 3-12 times more effective in degrading large native proteins than its mesophilic analogue, bovine trypsin. This is in agreement with previous findings where cod trypsin was found to be the most active among twelve different proteases in cleaving various cytokines and pathological proteins. Furthermore, our results show that cod trypsin has high efficacy against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in vitro. The results on the antipathogenic properties of cod trypsin are important because rhinovirus, RSV, and influenza are the most predominant pathogenic viruses in upper respiratory tract infections. Results from a clinical study presented in this paper show that a specific formulation containing cod trypsin was preferred for wound healing over other methods used in the study. Apparently, the high digestive ability of the cold-adapted cod trypsin towards large native proteins plays a role in its efficacy against pathogens and its positive effects on wounds.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi 5, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland. ag@hi.is
authors.forename: Agústa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gudmundsdóttir
authors.forename: Hilmar
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hilmarsson
authors.forename: Bjarki
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stefansson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D035843:Biomedical Research; D002417:Cattle; D048389:Gadus morhua; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D009975:Orthomyxoviridae / Q000187:drug effects; D012136:Respiratory Syncytial Viruses / Q000187:drug effects; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D014357:Trypsin / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D014357:Trypsin
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