title: Total saponins of Panax notoginseng enhance VEGF and relative receptors signals and promote angiogenesis derived from rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Total saponins of Panax notoginseng (tPNS), main constituents extracted from Panax Notoginseng, a highly valued traditional Chinese medicine, has been shown to increase protein expression and the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The effects of tPNS on angiogenesis were studied in rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs).
  
  
  METHODS
  rBMSCs were stimulated by tPNS of 48 h. The mRNA expression levels of VEGF-A, Flt-1 and Kdr in rBMSCs were determined by quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR). rBMSCs were induced to differentiate into endothelial-like cells and the effects of tPNS on the angiogenesis ability of rBMSCs and rBMSCs after endothelial differentiation were assayed by a Matrigel model in vivo and in vitro.
  
  
  RESULTS
  tPNS (100 μg/ml) significantly enhanced the mRNA expression level of VEGF-A and Kdr compared to the control group, while they had no obvious effect on the expression of Flt-1. tPNS (1 μg/ml and 100 μg/ml) significantly increased capillary network forming of rBMSCs after endothelial differentiation in Matrigel in vitro. tPNS (50 μg/kg, 100 μg/kg and 150 μg/kg) also significantly increased angiogenesis induced by the combination with implantation of rBMSCs and Matrigel in vivo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  tPNS up-regulate VEGF-A and Kdr expression, and promote angiogenesis in rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, PR China. zhenghz6@gdmc.edu.cn
authors.forename: Huizhen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yongfang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ou
authors.forename: Yongjuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xuekun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D053723:Panax notoginseng; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012503:Saponins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 / Q000235:genetics; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012503:Saponins; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C467498:vascular endothelial growth factor A, rat; C501164:Flt1 protein, rat; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2