title: Mounting a strategic offense: fighting tumor vasculature with oncolytic viruses.
abstract: Blood supply within a tumor drives progression and ultimately allows for metastasis. Many anticancer therapies target tumor vasculature, but their individual effectiveness is limited because they induce indirect cell death. Agents that disrupt nascent and/or established tumor vasculature while simultaneously killing cancer cells would certainly have a greater impact. Oncolytic virotherapy utilizes attenuated viruses that replicate specifically within a tumor. They induce cytotoxicity through a combination of direct cell lysis, antitumor immune stimulation, and recently identified antitumor vascular effects. This review summarizes the novel preclinical and clinical evidence regarding the antitumor vascular effects of oncolytic viruses, which include infection and lysis of tumor endothelial cells, natural or genetically engineered antiangiogenic properties, and combination therapy with clinically approved antivascular agents.
authors.affiliation: Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2M1 Canada.
authors.forename: Fernando A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Angarita
authors.forename: Sergio A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Acuna
authors.forename: Kathryn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ottolino-Perry
authors.forename: Siham
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zerhouni
authors.forename: J Andrea
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: McCart
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy* / Q000821:virology; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D050130:Oncolytic Virotherapy; D050504:Oncolytic Viruses / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D014779:Virus Replication