title: Association between soluble (Pro)renin receptor concentration in cord blood and small for gestational age birth: a cross-sectional study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The (pro)renin receptor [(P)RR] has been recognized as a multifunctional receptor. The purpose of this study was to assess the association between plasma soluble (P)RR [s(P)RR] concentration in human cord blood (i.e., neonatal blood at birth) and small for gestational age (SGA) birth.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were women with a singleton pregnancy who delivered at the National Center for Child Health and Development between January 2010 and December 2011. Inclusion criteria were availability of maternal pre-pregnancy and paternal body mass index, and the absence of structural anomalies in neonates. s(P)RR concentration in cord blood was measured in 621 neonates. The 621 pairs of mothers and neonates were categorized into four groups based on quartiles of s(P)RR concentrations in cord blood. SGA was defined as a birth weight below the 10(th) percentile for gestational age. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association between cord plasma s(P)RR concentration (quartiles) and incidence of SGA births.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 621 neonates, 55 (8.9%) were diagnosed as SGA (SGA group) and 566 (91.1%) were not (non-SGA group). Average s(P)RR concentration in cord blood was 66.1±12.6 ng/ml (mean±standard deviation). There were 155 pairs in the first plasma s(P)RR concentration quartile (Q1: <58.2 ng/ml), 153 pairs in the second quartile (Q2: 58.2-65.1 ng/ml), 157 pairs in the third quartile (Q3: 65.1-73.1 ng/ml) and 156 pairs in the fourth quartile (Q4: >73.1 ng/ml). The distribution of SGA births was 18 (11.6%) in Q1, 14 (9.2%) in Q2, 16 (10.2%) in Q3 and 7 (4.5%) in Q4, respectively. The odds ratio of SGA births was 0.24 (95% confidence interval: 0.08-0.71) for the fourth quartile compared to the first quartile in multivariate models. The P-value for trend was also significant (P = 0.020).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High s(P)RR concentration is associated with a lower SGA birth likelihood.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Hypertension, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Noriyoshi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morimoto
authors.forename: Takeo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.forename: Tomo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Kosuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ando
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Haruhiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sago
authors.forename: Atsuhiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ichihara
mesh_terms: D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism*; D025262:Vacuolar Proton-Translocating ATPases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000093342:Prorenin Receptor
chemical_list: D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D025262:Vacuolar Proton-Translocating ATPases; C458319:ATP6AP2 protein, human; D000093342:Prorenin Receptor
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