title: Cost-effectiveness analysis of cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with NYHA I and NYHA II heart failure in Spain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to combine clinical results from the European Cohort of the REVERSE study and costs associated with the addition of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) to optimal medical therapy (OMT) in patients with mild symptomatic (NYHA I-II) or asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction and markers of cardiac dyssynchrony in Spain.
  
  
  METHODS
  A Markov model was developed with CRT + OMT (CRT-ON) versus OMT only (CRT-OFF) based on a retrospective cost-effectiveness analysis. Raw data was derived from literature and expert opinion, reflecting clinical and economic consequences of patient's management in Spain. Time horizon was 10 years. Both costs (euro 2010) and effects were discounted at 3 percent per annum.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CRT-ON showed higher total costs than CRT-OFF; however, CRT reduced the length of hospitalization in ICU by 94 percent (0.006 versus 0.091 days) and general ward in by 34 percent (0.705 versus 1.076 days). Surviving CRT-ON patients (88.2 percent versus 77.5 percent) remained in better functional class longer, and they achieved an improvement of 0.9 life years (LYGs) and 0.77 years quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). CRT-ON proved to be cost-effective after 6 years, except for the 7th year due to battery depletion. At 10 years, the results were €18,431 per LYG and €21,500 per QALY gained. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis showed CRT-ON was cost-effective in 75.4 percent of the cases at 10 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of CRT added to OMT represents an efficient use of resources in patients suffering from heart failure in NYHA functional classes I and II.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Almenar
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Díaz
authors.forename: Aurelio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Quesada
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Crespo
authors.forename: Belén
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Martí
authors.forename: Stuart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mealing
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Linde
authors.forename: Claude
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Daubert
mesh_terms: D058406:Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy / Q000191:economics*; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D005060:Europe; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000145:classification / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008390:Markov Chains; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013030:Spain; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000503:physiopathology