title: Efficacy of intralesional triamcinolone injection in the treatment of mammillary fistula: a prospective study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recurring mammillary fistula (MF) is often difficult to manage.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of intralesional triamcinolone (ILT) injection versus irrigation with saline solution in the management of MF.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study was conducted including 10 patients with MF. The patients were distributed non-randomly into two groups: saline group (n = 5) and triamcinolone group (n = 5). Ultrasound guidance was used for ILT injection. The injection was repeated in the case of no response or recurrence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No statistically significant differences were observed between the saline and triamcinolone groups for clinical parameters and ultrasonographic characteristics of the MF and for the outcomes of the two methods of treatment. However, a statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups for recurrence of MF (P < 0.046). Success of the treatment with ILT injection was observed in 90% of the patients (9/10), and a failure in one case (10%) after three ILT injections, who was referred for surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ILT injection is an effective, simple, and safe treatment for the management of MF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, El Palmar, Murcia.
authors.forename: Juan D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Berná-Serna
authors.forename: Juan D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Berná-Mestre
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Piñero
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Canteras
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001941:Breast Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D005402:Fistula / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D015552:Injections, Intralesional; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014221:Triamcinolone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016217:Ultrasonography, Mammary
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D014221:Triamcinolone; D012965:Sodium Chloride
keywords: Breast; mammillary fistula; treatment; triamcinolone; ultrasound