title: Dynamic subcellular imaging of cancer cell mitosis in the brain of live mice.
abstract: The ability to visualize cancer cell mitosis and apoptosis in the brain in real time would be of great utility in testing novel therapies. In order to achieve this goal, the cancer cells were labeled with green fluorescent protein (GFP) in the nucleus and red fluorescent protein (RFP) in the cytoplasm, such that mitosis and apoptosis could be clearly imaged. A craniotomy open window was made in athymic nude mice for real-time fluorescence imaging of implanted cancer cells growing in the brain. The craniotomy window was reversibly closed with a skin flap. Mitosis of the individual cancer cells were imaged dynamically in real time through the craniotomy-open window. This model can be used to evaluate brain metastasis and brain cancer at the subcellular level.
authors.affiliation: AntiCancer, Inc, San Diego, CA 92111, USA.
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Momiyama
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Suetsugu
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chishima
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bouvet
authors.forename: Itaru
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Hoffman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D018827:Carcinoma, Lewis Lung / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D003399:Craniotomy; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D005910:Glioma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008938:Mitosis; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D000097573:Red Fluorescent Protein
chemical_list: D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D000097573:Red Fluorescent Protein