title: Drug-related problems found in children attending an emergency department in Saudi Arabia and in the United Kingdom.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  No published studies investigating drug-related problems (DRPs) in children visiting emergency department (ED) in either the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) or the United Kingdom (UK) were identified.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the frequency and characteristics of DRPs in paediatric patients attending ED in the KSA and the UK.
  
  
  METHODS
  An observational study. DRPs were identified by a researcher, reviewing the medical records of children attending the ED during a three-month period in KSA and a 1 month period in UK; severity and preventability of the DRPs were assessed. Incidence of DRPs overall and in each country was calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 253 patients (KSA n = 143, UK n = 110) were included. Fifty-five patients (22%; 55/253), experienced 69 DRPs. 2% (5/253) of the patients attended the ED due to DRPs. Overall incidence was 21.7% (95% CI, 16.8-27.3). 78% (54/69) of the DRPs were assessed as preventable; 33% (23/69) as of moderate severity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DRPs were common in paediatric patients attending EDs; the majority were preventable. Further study is needed to investigate the impact of mild and moderate DRPs on paediatric patients' health and also to improve the care provided to minimise the occurrence of preventable DRPs.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Paediatric Pharmacy Research, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK. asia.rashed.11@ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Asia N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Rashed
authors.forename: Antje
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Neubert
authors.forename: Hani
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Alhamdan
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tomlin
authors.forename: Aeshah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alazmi
authors.forename: Adnan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: AlShaikh
authors.forename: Lynda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wilton
authors.forename: Ian C K
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012529:Saudi Arabia / Q000453:epidemiology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology
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