title: Gastrodia elata Blume and its pure compounds protect BV-2 microglial-derived cell lines against β-amyloid: the involvement of GRP78 and CHOP.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Gastrodia elata (GE) Blume (Orchidaceae) has been previously known for its therapeutic benefits against neurodegenerative diseases. Microglial activation and death have been implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. In this study, GE and its pure components, gastrodin and 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (4HBA), were applied to β-amyloid-induced BV2 mouse microglial cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cell viability was assessed by the MTT assay and Western blotting was also performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  β-amyloid-induced cell death was shown to be induced time- and dose-dependently. To examine the cell death mechanism, we confirmed the involvement of ER stress signaling. C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), a pro-apoptotic ER stress protein, was expressed at high levels but glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), an anti-apoptotic ER stress protein with chaperone activity, was only slightly affected by treatment with β-amyloid. However, pretreatment with GE and its components inhibited the expression of CHOP but increased that of GRP78 in β-amyloid-treated cells. This study also showed that a single treatment with GE extracts, gastrodin, or 4HBA induced the expression of GRP78, a marker for enhanced protein folding machinery, suggesting a protective mechanism for GE against β-amyloid.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study reveals the protective effects of GE against β-amyloid-induced cell death, possibly through the enhancement of protein folding machinery of a representative protein, GRP78, and the regulation of CHOP in BV2 mouse microglial cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Pharmacology and Wonkwang Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chonbuk, South Korea.
authors.forename: Geum-Hwa
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hyung-Ryong
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sang-Yong
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Bidur
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bhandary
authors.forename: Do-Sung
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Min-Gul
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Byung-Ok
authors.initials: BO
authors.lastname: So
authors.forename: Sun-Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kyu-Sik
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Jo
authors.forename: Bo-Hee
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hee-Nam
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Soo-Wan
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Chae
authors.forename: Han-Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Chae
mesh_terms: D000682:Amyloid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001592:Benzyl Alcohols / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects*; D000091342:Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP; D031668:Gastrodia / Q000737:chemistry*; D005960:Glucosides / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D017628:Microglia / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000682:Amyloid; D001592:Benzyl Alcohols; D000091342:Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP; D005960:Glucosides; C000717248:Hspa5 protein, mouse; C018966:4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol; C045345:gastrodin