title: Secondary sclerosing cholangitis: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management.
abstract: Secondary sclerosing cholangitis (SSC) is an aggressive and rare disease with intricate pathogenesis and multiple causes. Understanding the specific cause underlying each case of SSC is crucial in the clinical management of the disease. Radiologic imaging can help diagnose SSC and hence institute management in a timely manner. Management may encompass simple interventions, such as supportive therapy, antibiotics, and monitoring, or more serious measures, such as surgery, endoscopic intervention, or liver transplantation. Patients with AIDS cholangiopathy have limited therapeutic options and worsened survival. The disease should always be highly suspected in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis with questionable diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Cholestatic Liver Diseases Study Group, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Mohamad H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Imam
authors.forename: Jayant A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Talwalkar
authors.forename: Keith D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Lindor
mesh_terms: D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000150:complications; D001659:Biliary Tract / Q000098:blood supply*; D002758:Cholangiography; D015209:Cholangitis, Sclerosing / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D002779:Cholestasis / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000150:complications*