title: Carbon-based nanomaterials: multifunctional materials for biomedical engineering.
abstract: Functional carbon-based nanomaterials (CBNs) have become important due to their unique combinations of chemical and physical properties (i.e., thermal and electrical conductivity, high mechanical strength, and optical properties), and extensive research efforts are being made to utilize these materials for various industrial applications, such as high-strength materials and electronics. These advantageous properties of CBNs are also actively investigated in several areas of biomedical engineering. This Perspective highlights different types of carbon-based nanomaterials currently used in biomedical applications.
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.
authors.forename: Chaenyung
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cha
authors.forename: Su Ryon
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Nasim
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Annabi
authors.forename: Mehmet R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Dokmeci
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khademhosseini
mesh_terms: D001698:Biomedical Engineering / Q000639:trends*; D002244:Carbon / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D057054:Molecular Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D050997:Nanomedicine / Q000639:trends*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D002244:Carbon
references.citation: Science. 2004 Oct 22;306(5696):666-9
references.pmid: 15499015
references.citation: Nano Lett. 2011 Dec 14;11(12):5201-7
references.pmid: 22023654
references.citation: J Am Chem Soc. 2004 Dec 8;126(48):15638-9
references.pmid: 15571374
references.citation: Nano Res. 2008;1(3):203-212
references.pmid: 20216934
references.citation: J Am Chem Soc. 2004 Mar 17;126(10):3010-1
references.pmid: 15012105
references.citation: ACS Nano. 2013 Mar 26;7(3):2369-80
references.pmid: 23363247
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Feb 5;105(5):1410-5
references.pmid: 18230737
references.citation: Chem Commun (Camb). 2005 Feb 7;(5):571-7
references.pmid: 15672140
references.citation: Toxicol Lett. 2007 Jan 30;168(2):121-31
references.pmid: 17169512
references.citation: Nanomedicine. 2010 Apr;6(2):245-56
references.pmid: 19699321
references.citation: Int J Biol Macromol. 2010 Apr 1;46(3):281-3
references.pmid: 20093139
references.citation: ACS Nano. 2011 Jan 25;5(1):516-22
references.pmid: 21162527
references.citation: Biomaterials. 2007 Jan;28(2):344-53
references.pmid: 16934866
references.citation: Nat Nanotechnol. 2011 Dec 18;7(1):11-23
references.pmid: 22179567
references.citation: Crit Rev Toxicol. 2006 Mar;36(3):189-217
references.pmid: 16686422
references.citation: Nano Lett. 2009 Jan;9(1):273-8
references.pmid: 19105649
references.citation: ACS Nano. 2012 Jan 24;6(1):362-72
references.pmid: 22117858
references.citation: Biomaterials. 2012 Jun;33(19):4818-27
references.pmid: 22483242
references.citation: Langmuir. 2008 Jun 1;24(13):7004-10
references.pmid: 18517231
references.citation: Biomaterials. 2012 Sep;33(26):6172-85
references.pmid: 22672836
references.citation: Trends Biotechnol. 2011 May;29(5):205-12
references.pmid: 21397350
references.citation: Small. 2010 Feb 22;6(4):537-44
references.pmid: 20033930
references.citation: Science. 2002 Aug 2;297(5582):787-92
references.pmid: 12161643
references.citation: Theranostics. 2012;2(3):271-82
references.pmid: 22509195
references.citation: J Control Release. 2001 Jan 29;70(1-2):1-20
references.pmid: 11166403
references.citation: Nat Mater. 2003 May;2(5):338-42
references.pmid: 12692536
references.citation: Nat Mater. 2007 Mar;6(3):183-91
references.pmid: 17330084
references.citation: Bioorg Med Chem. 1996 Jun;4(6):767-79
references.pmid: 8818226
references.citation: ACS Nano. 2009 Sep 22;3(9):2609-16
references.pmid: 19719152
references.citation: Mol Biosyst. 2005 Jul;1(2):176-82
references.pmid: 16880981
references.citation: Chem Soc Rev. 2010 Jan;39(1):228-40
references.pmid: 20023850
references.citation: Nature. 2009 Feb 5;457(7230):706-10
references.pmid: 19145232
references.citation: Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1993 Aug;37(8):1707-10
references.pmid: 8215289
references.citation: Nat Nanotechnol. 2008 May;3(5):270-4
references.pmid: 18654522