title: A systematic review of the literature on cystic echinococcosis frequency worldwide and its associated clinical manifestations.
abstract: A systematic literature review of cystic echinoccocosis (CE) frequency and symptoms was conducted. Studies without denominators, original data, or using one serological test were excluded. Random-effect log-binomial models were run for CE frequency and proportion of reported symptoms where appropriate. A total of 45 and 25 articles on CE frequency and symptoms met all inclusion criteria. Prevalence of CE ranged from 1% to 7% in community-based studies and incidence rates ranged from 0 to 32 cases per 100,000 in hospital-based studies. The CE prevalence was higher in females (Prevalence Proportion Ratio: 1.35 [95% Bayesian Credible Interval: 1.16-1.53]) and increased with age. The most common manifestations of hepatic and pulmonary CE were abdominal pain (57.3% [95% confidence interval [CI]: 37.3-76.1%]) and cough (51.3% [95% CI: 35.7-66.7%]), respectively. The results are limited by the small number of unbiased studies. Nonetheless, the age/gender prevalence differences could be used to inform future models of CE burden.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA. cbudke@cvm.tamu.edu
authors.forename: Christine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Budke
authors.forename: Hélène
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Carabin
authors.forename: Patrick C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Ndimubanzi
authors.forename: Hai
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rainwater
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dickey
authors.forename: Rachana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bhattarai
authors.forename: Oleksandr
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Zeziulin
authors.forename: Men-Bao
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Qian
mesh_terms: D001499:Bayes Theorem; D016208:Databases, Factual; D004443:Echinococcosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence
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