title: Penicillium oxalicum reduces the number of cysts and juveniles of potato cyst nematodes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the biocontrol potential of Penicillium oxalicum, a biocontrol agent against fungal diseases and against the potato cyst nematodes (PCNs), Globodera pallida and Globodera rostochiensis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We tested the effect of P. oxalicum on the nematode cysts under laboratory conditions or in soil microcosms. A reduction in the rate of G. pallida juveniles hatching by P. oxalicum was observed when root diffusates from the 'Monalisa' and the 'Désirée' potato cultivar were used (98·6 and 74·1% reduction, respectively). However, the rate of G. pallida juveniles hatching was not significantly reduced when root diffusates from the 'San Pedro' tomato cultivar were used. Penicillium oxalicum also significantly reduced the ability of the G. rostochiensis juveniles to hatch (30·9% reduction) when root diffusates of the 'Désirée' potato cultivars were used. Penicillium oxalicum treatment of the soil significantly reduced the number of G. pallida cysts that were recovered from the soil of each pot that contained the 'Désirée' potato cultivar.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results show that P. oxalicum is a potential biocontrol inoculant for protecting potato crops against PCNs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Penicillium oxalicum has potential to be used in order to reduce PCNs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Protection, INIA, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Martinez-Beringola
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Salto
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vázquez
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Larena
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Melgarejo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Cal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D061046:Biological Control Agents; D010407:Penicillium / Q000502:physiology*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000469:parasitology; D012987:Soil / Q000469:parasitology; D011198:Solanum tuberosum / Q000469:parasitology; D014431:Tylenchoidea / Q000254:growth & development*
chemical_list: D061046:Biological Control Agents; D012987:Soil