title: Posttraumatic stress symptoms among adults caring for orphaned children in HIV-endemic South Africa.
abstract: There is growing evidence that mental health is a significant issue among families affected by AIDS-related parental deaths. The current study examined posttraumatic stress symptoms and identified risk factors among adults caring for AIDS-orphaned and other-orphaned children in an HIV-endemic South African community. A representative community sample of adults caring for children (N = 1,599) was recruited from Umlazi Township. Of the 116 participants who reported that a traumatic event was still bothering them, 19 % reported clinically significant posttraumatic stress symptoms. Of the 116 participants, caregivers of AIDS-orphaned and other-orphaned children were significantly more likely to meet threshold criteria for PTSD (28 %) compared to caregivers of non-orphaned children (10 %). Household receipt of an old age pension was identified as a possible protective factor for PTSD symptoms among caregivers of orphaned children. Services are needed to address PTSD symptoms among caregivers of orphaned children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University, 121 South Main Street, Box G-S121-Floor 4, Providence, RI, USA. caroline_kuo@brown.edu
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: Madhavi K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: Don
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Operario
authors.forename: Lucie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cluver
authors.forename: Dan J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Stein
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000401:mortality*; D000328:Adult; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002648:Child; D054540:Child, Orphaned / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013019:South Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*
references.citation: SAHARA J. 2006 Nov;3(3):503-9
references.pmid: 17601337
references.citation: J Clin Psychol. 1995 Sep;51(5):593-602
references.pmid: 8801234
references.citation: AIDS Care. 2006 May;18(4):302-10
references.pmid: 16809107
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 1999 Jun;156(6):902-7
references.pmid: 10360130
references.citation: J Pers Soc Psychol. 1986 Dec;51(6):1173-82
references.pmid: 3806354
references.citation: Ethn Health. 2005 May;10(2):169-79
references.pmid: 15804662
references.citation: AIDS. 2004 Jun;18 Suppl 2:S55-65
references.pmid: 15319744
references.citation: Lancet. 2011 Nov 5;378(9803):1613-5
references.pmid: 22008421
references.citation: S Afr Med J. 2008 Apr;98(4):276-8
references.pmid: 18637635
references.citation: Br J Psychiatry. 2001 Apr;178:373-7
references.pmid: 11282818
references.citation: Soc Work Health Care. 2003;38(2):73-92
references.pmid: 15022735
references.citation: Afr J AIDS Res. 2005 Dec;4(3):161-71
references.pmid: 25865784
references.citation: Glob Public Health. 2011;6(7):760-76
references.pmid: 20938853
references.citation: J Interpers Violence. 2010 Jun;25(6):989-1005
references.pmid: 19713455
references.citation: J Epidemiol Community Health. 2010 Apr;64(4):330-4
references.pmid: 19854751
references.citation: PLoS Med. 2006 Aug;3(8):e312
references.pmid: 16881730
references.citation: HIV AIDS Policy Law Rev. 2005 Dec;10(3):24-5
references.pmid: 16544404
references.citation: Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 1995 May;30(3):121-6
references.pmid: 7624805
references.citation: J Trauma Stress. 2009 Apr;22(2):106-12
references.pmid: 19319917
references.citation: Nature. 2011 Jul 06;475(7354):27-30
references.pmid: 21734685
references.citation: Soc Sci Med. 2010 Aug;71(3):517-528
references.pmid: 20621748
references.citation: Vulnerable Child Youth Stud. 2010 Dec 1;5(4):344-352
references.pmid: 21165153
references.citation: J Trauma Stress. 2007 Oct;20(5):845-55
references.pmid: 17955545
references.citation: Afr Health Sci. 2006 Dec;6(4):215-22
references.pmid: 17604510
references.citation: J Psychosom Res. 2006 Oct;61(4):479-84
references.pmid: 17011355
references.citation: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2011 Nov 1;58(3):336-43
references.pmid: 21857361
references.citation: J Nerv Ment Dis. 1992 Feb;180(2):111-6
references.pmid: 1737972
references.citation: Health Soc Work. 2000 May;25(2):109-18
references.pmid: 10845145
references.citation: Lancet. 2011 Nov 5;378(9803):1654-63
references.pmid: 22008420
references.citation: JAMA. 1999 Aug 4;282(5):433-9
references.pmid: 10442658
references.citation: J Cross Cult Gerontol. 2007 Dec;22(4):339-53
references.pmid: 17694427
references.citation: Med Care. 1996 Nov;34(11):1072-84
references.pmid: 8911424
references.citation: Inj Prev. 2001 Dec;7(4):297-301
references.pmid: 11770655
references.citation: Assessment. 2004 Dec;11(4):330-41
references.pmid: 15486169
references.citation: BMC Psychiatry. 2008 Aug 14;8:69
references.pmid: 18702809
references.citation: Public Health. 2006 Jun;120(6):534-42
references.pmid: 16684549
references.citation: AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2008 Feb;22(2):147-58
references.pmid: 18260806
references.citation: Compr Psychiatry. 2008 Mar-Apr;49(2):195-201
references.pmid: 18243894
references.citation: J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2007 Aug;48(8):755-63
references.pmid: 17683447
references.citation: J Pers Assess. 1990 Winter;55(3-4):610-7
references.pmid: 2280326
references.citation: Arch Fam Med. 1997 Sep-Oct;6(5):445-52
references.pmid: 9305687
references.citation: Br J Psychiatry. 2008 Feb;192(2):112-7
references.pmid: 18245026
references.citation: AIDS Behav. 2011 Jan;15(1):125-31
references.pmid: 19082880