title: Intramedullary spinal cord abscess as complication of lumbar puncture: a case-based update.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although lumbar puncture (LP) is a relatively straightforward procedure and is usually associated with low morbidity, rare and significant neurological complications can occur. Intramedullary spinal cord abscess (ISCA) after lumbar puncture is one of these serious complications; however, this complication has not yet been reported in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  After 27 days in another medical facility, a 1-year-old girl was admitted to our hospital with a diagnosis of fever of unknown origin. Prior to the second admission, she had undergone multiple traumatic LP attempts. The patient was referred to our institution with progressive and ascending weakness. Three days later, this weakness involved all of the patient's four limbs. A LP was performed and showed purulent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). An emergent spinal magnetic resonance imaging was performed and revealed an intramedullary lesion extending from the T2 to L3 level. Broad-spectrum antibiotics and steroids were administered to the patient, and a T2-L3 laminectomy was performed. The postoperative course was uneventful, but a neurologic deficit, including lower limb paralysis, remained.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The index of suspicion for a pyogenic infection of the intramedullary space should be higher if progressive flaccid paralysis develops within a few days after a lumbar procedure. Nevertheless, the diagnosis may be challenging due to the rarity of this condition. Any misdiagnosis or delay of adequate treatment may lead to unfavorable outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Estadual de Diadema, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua José Bonifácio 1641, Diadema, São Paulo, 09980-150, Brazil. psls.nat@terra.com.br.
authors.forename: Paulo Sergio Lucas
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Estadual de Diadema, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rafael Duarte
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: de Souza Loduca
mesh_terms: D000038:Abscess / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019299:Decompression, Surgical; D005260:Female; D005335:Fever of Unknown Origin / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007796:Laminectomy; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D013117:Spinal Cord Compression / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D013118:Spinal Cord Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D013129:Spinal Puncture / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: Children; Complications; Intramedullary abscess; Lumbar puncture; Spinal cord
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