title: Pediatric maxillofacial injuries at a Nigerian teaching hospital: a three-year review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the nature of pediatric maxillofacial injuries, according to etiology and characteristics of patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The records of patients aged 15 years and below who presented with maxillofacial trauma to the Maxillofacial Clinic of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria over a 3-year period were retrospectively examined. Patients' demographic and etiologic factors were obtained and analyzed. A P value of <0.05 was considered significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 160 patients comprising males, 102 (63.8%) and females 58 (36.2%), were seen over the period of study. The age of patients range from 4 months to 15 years, mean 7.07 ± 4.52 years. There was no gender difference in terms of age (P < 0.05). Road traffic accident (RTA) was the most common etiologic factor accounting for 45.0% of cases. This was followed by fall (40.6%). Animal related injury and violence accounted equally for 3.8%. Soft tissue injuries in the form of abrasion, laceration and avulsion accounted for 70.0% of cases. Other anatomical sites included the mandible (16.3%), dento-alveolar fractures(12.5%), and midface (1.3%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Road traffic accident and falls still remains the leading cause of maxillofacial injuries in children in this part of the globe. There is a need to reinforce existing traffic laws that aimed at minimizing the menace of RTA-related accidents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria.
authors.forename: O D
authors.initials: OD
authors.lastname: Osunde
authors.forename: I O
authors.initials: IO
authors.lastname: Amole
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ver-or
authors.forename: B I
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Akhiwu
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Adebola
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Iyogun
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Efunkoya
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls; D000063:Accidents, Traffic; D000293:Adolescent; D000818:Animals; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003288:Contusions / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D022125:Lacerations / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008446:Maxillofacial Injuries / Q000209:etiology*; D009549:Nigeria; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014754:Violence