title: [Construction and validation of a three-dimensional finite element model of cranio-maxillary complex with sutures in unilateral cleft lip and palate patient].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore an effective method to construct and validate a finite element model of the unilateral cleft lip and palate(UCLP) craniomaxillary complex with sutures, which could be applied in further three-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA).
  
  
  METHODS
  One male patient aged 9 with left complete lip and palate cleft was selected and CT scan was taken at 0.75mm intervals on the skull. The CT data was saved in Dicom format, which was, afterwards, imported into Software Mimics 10.0 to generate a three-dimensional anatomic model. Then Software Geomagic Studio 12.0 was used to match, smoothen and transfer the anatomic model into a CAD model with NURBS patches. Then, 12 circum-maxillary sutures were integrated into the CAD model by Solidworks (2011 version). Finally meshing by E-feature Biomedical Modeler was done and a three-dimensional finite element model with sutures was obtained. A maxillary protraction force (500 g per side, 20° downward and forward from the occlusal plane) was applied. Displacement and stress distribution of some important craniofacial structures were measured and compared with the results of related researches in the literature.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A three-dimensional finite element model of UCLP craniomaxillary complex with 12 sutures was established from the CT scan data. This simulation model consisted of 206 753 individual elements with 260 662 nodes, which was a more precise simulation and a better representation of human craniomaxillary complex than the formerly available FEA models. By comparison, this model was proved to be valid.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is an effective way to establish the three-dimensional finite element model of UCLP cranio-maxillary complex with sutures from CT images with the help of the following softwares: Mimics 10.0, Geomagic Studio 12.0, Solidworks and E-feature Biomedical Modeler.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Xiangya Hospital,Central South University, Changsha 410008, China. xiaokecsu@163.com
authors.forename: Zhi-fang
authors.initials: ZF
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Yong-hua
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.forename: Wen-jie
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Sheng-hui
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Zi-jin
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002971:Cleft Lip; D002972:Cleft Palate; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla; D013537:Sutures