title: Effects of sandblasting, H2SO4/HCl etching, and phosphate primer application on bond strength of veneering resin composite to commercially pure titanium grade 4.
abstract: This study investigated the effects of surface treatments on the bond strength of a resin composite to a commercially pure titanium. The bonding surfaces of all titanium specimens were ground with 1,000-grit silicon carbide paper and then subjected to one or more of these surface treatments: sandblasting with alumina (sand), etching with 45wt% H2SO4 and 15wt% HCl (SH-etchant) at 70°C for 10 min, and/or phosphate primer (MDP-primer) application. Specimens not subjected to any surface treatment were used as controls. After resin composite veneer placement and 24-h water immersion, the shear bond strengths of the specimens in descending order were: sand/SH-etchant/MDP-primer, sand/SH-etchant/no primer, no sand/SH-etchant/MDP-primer, sand/no etch/MDP-primer, no sand/SH-etchant/no primer, sand/no etch/no primer, no sand/no etch/MDP-primer, no sand/no etch/no primer. Scanning electron microscope observations revealed that sandblasting and SH-etchant created many micro- and nanoscale cavities on the titanium surface. Results showed that a combined use of sandblasting, SH-etchant, and MDP-primer application had a cooperative effect on titanium bonding.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Takafumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Egoshi
authors.forename: Yohsuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Taira
authors.forename: Kohyoh
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Soeno
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sawase
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000379:methods*; D000268:Adhesiveness; D000537:Aluminum Oxide / Q000737:chemistry; D017554:Carbon Compounds, Inorganic / Q000737:chemistry; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D001840:Dental Bonding; D045662:Dental Etching / Q000379:methods*; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D003801:Dental Veneers; D006801:Humans; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D058608:Nanopores; D011140:Polyurethanes / Q000737:chemistry; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D033081:Shear Strength; D017655:Silicon Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013464:Sulfuric Acids / Q000737:chemistry*; D013499:Surface Properties; D013696:Temperature; D013871:Thiones / Q000737:chemistry; D013997:Time Factors; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D017554:Carbon Compounds, Inorganic; D003188:Composite Resins; D003764:Dental Materials; C521708:Estenia Opaque Primer; D008689:Methacrylates; D011140:Polyurethanes; D019279:Resin Cements; D017655:Silicon Compounds; D013464:Sulfuric Acids; D013871:Thiones; C404582:urethane tetramethacrylate; C091839:urethanetrimethacrylate; D014867:Water; C069749:methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate; D014025:Titanium; D000537:Aluminum Oxide; C033158:sulfuric acid; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid; C022088:silicon carbide