title: Effect of different frequencies of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on acquisition of chemical kindled seizures in rats.
abstract: In the current study we investigated the effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) at different frequencies on chemical kindling in rats. Chemical kindling was induced by injection of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ; 45 mg/kg) at the intervals of 48 h between the injections. In the first experiment, effect of 0.25, 1 and 5 Hz rTMS (four trains of 4 s at motor threshold intensity) on kindling acquisition was investigated. In the second experiment, the stability of rTMS effects was checked in animals of the first experiment during a follow-up period of 2 weeks. Animals received a single dose of PTZ at 7th and 14th day after the last PTZ injection (12th injection) and their seizure parameters were recorded. Obtained results showed that application of rTMS at the frequencies of 0.25 and 1 Hz had anticonvulsant effect and decreased the PTZ kindling acquisition. However, when applied at the frequency of 5 Hz, it had an increasing effect on PTZ kindling rate. During the follow-up study, the seizure severity increased in animals treated with 0.25 Hz rTMS (and somehow in animals treated with 1 Hz rTMS), but did not change in animals treated with 5 Hz rTMS compared to the 12th PTZ injection. Our results showed that rTMS application may have an anticonvulsant effect during chemical kindling acquisition at very low frequency (0.25 Hz) and can increase the seizure severity at high frequency (5 Hz). However, during follow-up, the anticonvulsant effects of rTMS may be converted to proconvulsive effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Somayeh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mongabadi
authors.forename: Seyed Mohammad
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Firoozabadi
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Javan
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shojaei
authors.forename: Javad
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mirnajafi-Zadeh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D007696:Kindling, Neurologic; D008297:Male; D010433:Pentylenetetrazole; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012640:Seizures / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology*; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
chemical_list: D010433:Pentylenetetrazole
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