title: 5-α Reductase inhibitory effect and astringent activity of green apple rind extract on human keratinocytes and fibroblast cells.
abstract: Unripe green apples contain condensed tannins at 10 times higher levels than ripe apples. Tannin not only has strong antioxidant activity, but also an astringent property. In this study, we investigated the effects of green apple rind (GAR) extracts in reducing facial pores and sebum secretion. Among the GAR extracts, the 70% ethanol GAR extract showed the highest antioxidant activity and tannin content. Hence, it was further fractionated with different solvents. Among these rind solvent fractions, the ethyl acetate fraction of the extract (GAR-E) showed astringent activity. Additionally, it exhibited inhibitory effects on 5-α reductase, and induced type 1 collagen and involucrin synthesis. These results suggest that GAR-E can be applied in cosmetics to reduce facial pore size and sebum secretion.
authors.affiliation: Division of Food Bioscience and Technology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Da-Hee
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Son
authors.forename: Mi-Hyun
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.forename: Chung-Oui
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Hye-Min
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Seol
authors.forename: Jae-Eon
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Young-Bu
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Cheong-Tae
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kwang-Won
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D058891:5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D042944:Cholestenone 5 alpha-Reductase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D027845:Malus / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013634:Tannins / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D058891:5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors; D000975:Antioxidants; D024042:Collagen Type I; D005419:Flavonoids; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011498:Protein Precursors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013634:Tannins; C032253:involucrin; D042944:Cholestenone 5 alpha-Reductase