title: Multidentate zwitterionic chitosan oligosaccharide modified gold nanoparticles: stability, biocompatibility and cell interactions.
abstract: Surface engineering of nanoparticles plays an essential role in their colloidal stability, biocompatibility and interaction with biosystems. In this study, a novel multidentate zwitterionic biopolymer derivative is obtained from conjugating dithiolane lipoic acid and zwitterionic acryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine to the chitosan oligosaccharide backbone. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) modified by this polymer exhibit remarkable colloidal stabilities under extreme conditions including high salt conditions, wide pH range and serum or plasma containing media. The AuNPs also show strong resistance to competition from dithiothreitol (as high as 1.5 M). Moreover, the modified AuNPs demonstrate low cytotoxicity investigated by both MTT and LDH assays, and good hemocompatibility evaluated by hemolysis of human red blood cells. In addition, the intracellular fate of AuNPs was investigated by ICP-MS and TEM. It showed that the AuNPs are uptaken by cells in a concentration dependent manner, and they can escape from endosomes/lysosomes to cytosol and tend to accumulate around the nucleus after 24 h incubation but few of them are excreted out of the cells. Gold nanorods are also stabilized by this ligand, which demonstrates robust dispersion stability and excellent hemocompatibility. This kind of multidentate zwitterionic chitosan derivative could be widely used for stabilizing other inorganic nanoparticles, which will greatly improve their performance in a variety of bio-related applications.
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
authors.forename: Xiangsheng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Haoyuan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Gongyan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Wenbo
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Yangjun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Qiao
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ji
mesh_terms: D040761:Biomimetic Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry*; D003102:Colloids / Q000737:chemistry; D004705:Endocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D005089:Exocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry*; D006461:Hemolysis; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000737:chemistry; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D003102:Colloids; D009844:Oligosaccharides; D011108:Polymers; D006046:Gold; D048271:Chitosan