title: An ex vivo investigation of the effect of the TATE canine elbow arthroplasty system on kinematics of the elbow.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To devise a kinematic technique to objectively ascertain the location and orientation of the centre of rotation of the canine elbow and to compare this axis following arthroplasty with the first generation TATE™ prosthesis in an ex vivo model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five pairs of cadaveric forelimbs were obtained and proximal limb soft tissues removed. Pin-mounted reflective markers were applied to the humerus and ulna. Limbs were mounted on a frame and six trials of the elbow manually cycled through its sagittal range of motion captured using 4 Qualisys cameras at 120 Hz. Radiography was performed to identify marker position. TATE™ cartridges were implanted and kinematic analysis repeated. Kinematic data were imported into custom software and the three-dimensional joint centre of rotation defined using a closed-form solution for absolute orientation. Paired t tests were performed to determine if the centre of rotation of the elbow differed significantly (P<0·05) pre- and postoperatively and between left and right limbs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference in three-dimensional orientation of the elbow axis between pre and postoperative measurements or between left and right limbs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A critical factor in obtaining a successful functional outcome following elbow arthroplasty in humans is accurate reconstruction of the anatomic centre of rotation. The first generation TATE canine elbow arthroplasty cartridge and its instrumentation accurately reconstructed the anatomic centre of rotation in 8 of the 10 elbows assessed in this ex vivo model.
authors.affiliation: Langford Veterinary Services, University of Bristol, Langford, N. Somerset, BS40 5DU, UK.
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Burton
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Ellis
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Burton
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Colborne
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D057929:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Elbow / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002102:Cadaver; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D004285:Dogs; D004551:Elbow Joint / Q000502:physiology*; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome