title: Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ssp. plantarum strains as potential protective starter cultures for the production of Bikalga, an alkaline fermented food.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify and screen dominant Bacillus spp. strains isolated from Bikalga, fermented seeds of Hibiscus sabdariffa for their antimicrobial activities in brain heart infusion (BHI) medium and in a H. sabdariffa seed-based medium. Further, to characterize the antimicrobial substances produced.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The strains were identified by gyrB gene sequencing and phenotypic tests as B. amyloliquefaciens ssp. plantarum. Their antimicrobial activity was determined by the agar spot and well assay, being inhibitory to a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus was produced in H. sabdariffa seed-based medium. PCR results revealed that the isolates have potential for the lipopeptides iturin, fengycin, surfactin, the polyketides difficidin, macrolactin, bacillaene and the dipeptide bacilysin production. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry analysis of antimicrobial substance produced in BHI broth allowed identification of iturin, fengycin and surfactin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ssp. plantarum exhibited broad-spectrum antifungal and antibacterial properties. They produced several lipopeptide antibiotics and showed good potential for biological control of Bikalga.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pathogenic bacteria often occur in spontaneous food fermentations. This is the first report to identify indigenous B. amyloliquefaciens ssp. plantarum strains as potential protective starter cultures for safeguarding Bikalga.
authors.affiliation: Département Technologie Alimentaire (DTA/IRSAT/CNRST), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. compaclara@yahoo.fr
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Compaoré
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sawadogo-Lingani
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Berner
authors.forename: K F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Adimpong
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Diawara
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Ouédraogo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jakobsen
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Thorsen
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001407:Bacillus / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D001409:Bacillus cereus / Q000235:genetics; D005285:Fermentation; D005516:Food Microbiology; D031584:Hibiscus / Q000382:microbiology; D055666:Lipopeptides / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011090:Polyenes / Q000378:metabolism; D012639:Seeds / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D055666:Lipopeptides; D011090:Polyenes; C096634:bacillaene