title: Monitoring respiration in wheezy preschool children by pulse oximetry plethysmogram analysis.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate whether respiratory information can be derived from pulse oximetry plethysmogram (pleth) recordings in acutely wheezy preschool children. A digital pulse oximeter was connected via 'Bluetooth' to a notebook computer in order to acquire pleth data. Low pass filtering and frequency analysis were used to derive respiratory rate from the pleth trace; the ratio of heart rate to respiratory rate (HR/RR) was also calculated. Recordings were obtained during acute wheezy episodes in 18 children of median age 31 months and follow-up recordings from 16 of the children were obtained when they were wheeze-free. For the acutely wheezy children, frequency analysis of the pleth waveform was within 10 breaths/min of clinical assessment in 25 of 29 recordings in 15 children. For the follow-up measurements, frequency analysis of the pleth waveform showed similarly good agreement in recordings on 15 of the 16 children. Respiratory rate was higher (p < 0.001), and HR/RR ratio was lower (p = 0.03) during acute wheeze than at follow-up. This study suggests that respiratory rate can be derived from pleth traces in wheezy preschool children.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston University, Kingston, UK. d.wertheim@kingston.ac.uk
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wertheim
authors.forename: Cathy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Olden
authors.forename: Liz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Symes
authors.forename: Heike
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rabe
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Seddon
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005583:Fourier Analysis; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010092:Oximetry / Q000379:methods*; D010991:Plethysmography / Q000379:methods*; D056152:Respiratory Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D012135:Respiratory Sounds / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013334:Students
references.citation: Anesthesiology. 2007 Jun;106(6):1084-5
references.pmid: 17525580
references.citation: Lancet. 2011 Mar 19;377(9770):974-5
references.pmid: 21411135
references.citation: Br J Anaesth. 1999 Feb;82(2):178-81
references.pmid: 10364990
references.citation: Acta Paediatr. 2009 Jan;98(1):47-51
references.pmid: 18717654
references.citation: Acta Paediatr. 2006 Sep;95(9):1124-8
references.pmid: 16938761
references.citation: Emerg Med J. 2003 Nov;20(6):524-5
references.pmid: 14623838
references.citation: Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2009 Jul;94(4):F301-3
references.pmid: 19015221
references.citation: Lancet. 2011 Mar 19;377(9770):1011-8
references.pmid: 21411136
references.citation: Anesth Analg. 2006 Aug;103(2):372-7, table of contents
references.pmid: 16861419
references.citation: Lancet. 2008 Jan 12;371(9607):135-42
references.pmid: 18191685
references.citation: Eur Respir J. 2003 Nov;22(5):761-6
references.pmid: 14621082
references.citation: Physiol Meas. 2005 Dec;26(6):1049-58
references.pmid: 16311452
references.citation: Pediatr Pulmonol. 2011 Jun;46(6):523-9
references.pmid: 21560260