title: Regulation of intestinal immune response by selective removal of the anterior, posterior, or entire pituitary gland in Trichinella spiralis infected golden hamsters.
abstract: The influence of anterior pituitary hormones on the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals has been previously reported. Hypophysectomy (HYPOX) in the rat causes atrophy of the intestinal mucosa, and reduction of gastric secretion and intestinal absorption, as well as increased susceptibility to bacterial and viral infections. However, to our knowledge, no findings have been published concerning the immune response following HYPOX during worm infection, particularly that which is caused by the nematode Trichinella spiralis. The aim of this work was to analyze the effects of total or partial HYPOX on colonization of T. spiralis in the intestinal lumen, together with duodenal and splenic cytokine expression. Our results indicate that 5 days post infection, only neurointermediate pituitary lobectomy (NIL) reduces the number of intestinally recovered T. spiralis larvae. Using semiquantitative inmunofluorescent laser confocal microscopy, we observed that the mean intensity of all tested Th1 cytokines was markedly diminished, even in the duodenum of infected controls. In contrast, a high level of expression of these cytokines was noted in the NIL infected hamsters. Likewise, a significant decrease in the fluorescence intensity of Th2 cytokines (with the exception of IL-4) was apparent in the duodenum of control and sham infected hamsters, compared to animals with NIL surgeries, which showed an increase in the expression of IL-5 and IL-13. Histology of duodenal mucosa from NIL hamsters showed an exacerbated inflammatory infiltrate located along the lamina propria, which was related to the presence of the parasite. We conclude that hormones from each pituitary lobe affect the gastrointestinal immune responses to T. spiralis through various mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México Distrito Federal, México.
authors.forename: Rosalía
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hernández-Cervantes
authors.forename: Andrés
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Quintanar-Stephano
authors.forename: Norma
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Moreno-Méndoza
authors.forename: Lorena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: López-Griego
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: López-Salazar
authors.forename: Romel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hernández-Bello
authors.forename: Julio César
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Carrero
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Morales-Montor
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000276:immunology; D006224:Cricetinae; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000276:immunology; D007016:Hypophysectomy; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology; D007422:Intestines / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009929:Organ Size / Q000276:immunology; D010903:Pituitary Gland, Anterior / Q000601:surgery*; D010904:Pituitary Gland, Posterior / Q000601:surgery*; D021381:Protein Transport; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013154:Spleen / Q000473:pathology; D017160:Trichinella spiralis / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D012333:RNA, Messenger
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