title: Primary sclerosing cholangitis.
abstract: Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic, progressive, cholestatic liver disease characterized by multifocal strictures of intra and extrahepatic bile ducts. PSC occurs more commonly in men and is often associated with inflammatory bowel disease. At present, there is no effective medical therapy for PSC. Current management of patients with PSC is centered on endoscopic therapy of biliary strictures, management of complications of chronic cholestasis and of progressive liver disease, and close clinical monitoring for development of cholangiocarcinoma, as well as for timely referral for liver transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, A31, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA. zeinc@ccf.org
authors.forename: Claudia O
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Zein
mesh_terms: D017734:Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic / Q000473:pathology; D001706:Biopsy; D002758:Cholangiography; D015209:Cholangitis, Sclerosing / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D006975:Hypertension, Portal / Q000209:etiology; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed