title: Smoking and death in Thai diabetic patients: the Thailand Diabetic Registry cohort.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the impact of smoking and quit smoking on mortality rate.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective cohort was a three-year follow-up of Thai Diabetes Registry project that registered 9,370 diabetic patients from 10 diabetic clinics in tertiary medical centers in Bangkok and major provinces between April 2003 and February 2006.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The groups of 7,487 (80%), 1,315 (14%), and 568 (6%) patients were classified as non-smokers, ex-smokers, and current smokers. The crude death rate of ex-smokers (Hazard Ratio (HR) 1.52 (95% CI 1.19-1.95)) and current smokers (HR 1.55 (1.10-2.19)) were higher than death rate of non-smokers. After control for covariates, the HR comparing ex-smokers with non-smokers was not different (1.10 (0.81-1.50)), while the HR comparing current smokers with non-smokers remained statistical significant (1.74 (1.17-2.61)).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Smoking increases mortality rate in diabetic patients by about 74%. Quitting smoking decreased mortality rate to the same rate as of diabetic non-smokers.
authors.affiliation: Division of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol Universty, Bangkok, Thailand. thongcha@kku.ac.th
authors.forename: Thongchai
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pratipanawatr
authors.forename: Petch
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rawdaree
authors.forename: Thanya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chetthakul
authors.forename: Pongamorn
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bunnag
authors.forename: Chardpraorn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ngarmukos
authors.forename: Yupin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Benjasuratwong
authors.forename: Rattana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Leelawatana
authors.forename: Natapong
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kosachunhanun
authors.forename: Nattachet
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Plengvidhya
authors.forename: Chaicharn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Deerochanawong
authors.forename: Sompongse
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suwanwalaikorn
authors.forename: Sirinate
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Krittiyawong
authors.forename: Sirima
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mongkolsomlit
authors.forename: Chulaluk
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Komoltri
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control; D002423:Cause of Death; D003141:Communicable Diseases / Q000401:mortality; D003906:Developing Countries; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000401:mortality* / Q000517:prevention & control; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control; D012042:Registries; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000401:mortality*; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D013785:Thailand