title: Ubiquitin E3 ligase Wwp1 negatively regulates osteoblast function by inhibiting osteoblast differentiation and migration.
abstract: Ubiquitin E3 ligase-mediated protein degradation promotes proteasomal degradation of key positive regulators of osteoblast functions. For example, the E3 ligases--SMAD-specific E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (Smurf1), Itch, and WW domain-containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (Wwp1)--promote degradation of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), transcription factor jun-B (JunB), and chemokine (C-X-C) receptor type 4 (CXCR-4) proteins to inhibit their functions. However, the role of E3 ligases in age-associated bone loss is unknown. We found that the expression level of Wwp1, but not Smurf1 or Itch, was significantly increased in CD45-negative (CD45(-)) bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells from 6-month-old and 12-month-old wild-type (WT) mice. Wwp1 knockout (Wwp1(-/-)) mice developed increased bone mass as they aged, associated with increased bone formation rates and normal bone resorption parameters. Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) from Wwp1(-/-) mice formed increased numbers and areas of alkaline phosphatase(+) and Alizarin red(+) nodules and had increased migration potential toward chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12 (CXCL12) gradients. Runx2, JunB, and CXCR-4 protein levels were significantly increased in Wwp1(-/-) BMSCs. Wwp1(-/-) BMSCs had increased amount of ubiquitinated JunB protein, but Runx2 ubiquitination was no change. Knocking down JunB in Wwp1(-/-) BMSCs returned Runx2 protein levels to that in WT cells. Thus, Wwp1 negatively regulates osteoblast functions by affecting both their migration and differentiation. Mechanisms designed to decrease Wwp1 levels in BMSCs may represent a new approach to prevent the decrease in osteoblastic bone formation associated with aging.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shu
authors.forename: Hengwei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Brendan F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Boyce
authors.forename: Lianping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xing
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging; D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12 / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000201:enzymology*; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D059748:Proteolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / Q000172:deficiency / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D054377:Chemokine CXCL12; C584097:JunB protein, mouse; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4; D014157:Transcription Factors; C510836:WWP1 protein, mouse; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens
keywords: BONE FORMATION; MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS; OSTEOBLASTS; WWP1
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