title: The role of transarterial embolization in the management of hematuria secondary to congenital renal arteriovenous malformations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy and safety of transarterial embolization (TAE) in the management of hematuria secondary to congenital renal arteriovenous malformations (AVM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Between May 2007 and February 2012, 6 patients with congenital AVM treated with TAE were analyzed retrospectively, followed by a brief review of TAE in the treatment of congenital AVM. Clinical records with respect to general conditions, location, embolic materials, complications and overall outcome were collected from the original hospital charts and outpatient medical records.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three patients with AVM were confirmed by contrast-enhanced CT scans, and the other 3 patients were detected by renal angiography. TAE was performed with steel coils in 2 patients and n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (NBCA) in 4 patients. After a mean follow-up of 22 months, no serious adverse effects were observed in all patients. There were no complaints of hematuria at the end of the follow-up period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For unexplained massive hematuria, congenital renal AVM needs to be considered as a differential diagnosis. Selective renal angiography and embolization should be recommended as the first choice to treat massive hematuria secondary to congenital renal AVM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zai-Bo
authors.initials: ZB
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Ming-Sheng
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Kang-Shun
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Shou-Hai
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000792:Angiography; D001165:Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D001706:Biopsy; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods*; D004659:Enbucrilate; D005260:Female; D006417:Hematuria / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012077:Renal Artery / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004659:Enbucrilate