title: Shear wave elastography of tumour growth in a human breast cancer model with pathological correlation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess stiffness in a human breast cancer implanted in mice using shear wave elastography (SWE) during tumour growth and to correlate the results with pathology.
  
  
  METHODS
  Local ethics committee for animal research approval was obtained. A human invasive ductal carcinoma was implanted subcutaneously in 24 athymic nude female mice. Ultrasound was longitudinally performed in 22 tumours, every 1-2 weeks. Maximum diameter and mean stiffness were collected. Seven tumours were measured both in vivo and ex vivo. Tumours of different sizes were removed for pathological analysis on which the percentages of viable cellular tissue, fibrosis and necrosis were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 63 SWE measurements were performed. Stiffness increased during tumour growth with an excellent correlation with size (r = 0.94, P < 0.0001). No differences were found between the values of stiffness in vivo and ex vivo (P = 0.81). There was a significant correlation between elasticity and fibrosis (r = 0.83, P < 0.0001), a negative correlation with necrosis (r = -0.76, p = 0.0004) but no significant correlation with cellular tissue (r = 0.40, p = 0.1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fibrosis plays an important role in stiffness as measured by SWE, whereas necrosis is correlated with softness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  • In a breast cancer model, ultrasound tumour stiffness is correlated with size. • Stiffness changes with tumour growth are correlated with pathological changes. • Stiffness is very well correlated with proportion of tumour fibrosis. • Stiffness is inversely correlated with proportion of tumour necrosis. • Tumour stiffness measurements are similar in vivo and ex vivo.
authors.affiliation: Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S970, Cardiovascular Research Center-PARCC, Paris, France. fchammings@yahoo.fr
authors.forename: Foucauld
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chamming's
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Latorre-Ossa
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Le Frère-Belda
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fitoussi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Quibel
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Assayag
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Marangoni
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Autret
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Balvay
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pidial
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Gennisson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanter
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Cuenod
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Clément
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Fournier
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D004548:Elasticity; D054459:Elasticity Imaging Techniques; D005260:Female; D005355:Fibrosis / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009336:Necrosis; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D011312:Pressure
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