title: Search for transcriptional and metabolic markers of grape pre-ripening and ripening and insights into specific aroma development in three Portuguese cultivars.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Grapes (Vitis species) are economically the most important fruit crop worldwide. However, the complexity of molecular and biochemical events that lead to ripening of berries as well as how aroma is developed are not fully understood.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In an attempt to identify the common mechanisms associated with the onset of ripening independently of the cultivar, grapes of Portuguese elite cultivars, Trincadeira, Aragonês, and Touriga Nacional, were studied. The mRNA expression profiles corresponding to veraison (EL35) and mature berries (EL36) were compared. Across the three varieties, 9,8% (2255) probesets corresponding to 1915 unigenes were robustly differentially expressed at EL 36 compared to EL 35. Eleven functional categories were represented in this differential gene set. Information on gene expression related to primary and secondary metabolism was verified by RT-qPCR analysis of selected candidate genes at four developmental stages (EL32, EL35, EL36 and EL 38). Gene expression data were integrated with metabolic profiling data from GC-EI-TOF/MS and headspace GC-EI-MS platforms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Putative molecular and metabolic markers of grape pre-ripening and ripening related to primary and secondary metabolism were established and revealed a substantial developmental reprogramming of cellular metabolism. Altogether the results provide valuable new information on the main metabolic events leading to grape ripening. Furthermore, we provide first hints about how the development of a cultivar specific aroma is controlled at transcriptional level.
authors.affiliation: Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa, Center for Biodiversity, Functional & Integrative Genomics, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Agudelo-Romero
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Erban
authors.forename: Lisete
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sousa
authors.forename: Maria Salomé
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Pais
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kopka
authors.forename: Ana Margarida
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Fortes
mesh_terms: D005638:Fruit / Q000378:metabolism*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D009812:Odorants; D027843:Vitis / Q000378:metabolism*
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