title: Community-acquired, non-occupational needlestick injuries treated in US Emergency Departments.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The escalating number of persons self-injecting medications, predominantly insulin, has generated concerns that the public is at risk of acquiring blood-borne infections from discarded needles/syringes. Communities have developed disposal guidelines but a debate continues over the need for further legislation and/or at-home safety devices. This study examines the number, characteristics, treatment and costs of community-acquired needlestick injuries (CANSIs).
  
  
  METHODS
  US-representative CANSI rates and characteristics were derived from 2001-08 National Electronic Injury Surveillance System All Injury Program data on product-related injuries treated at US emergency departments (EDs). CANSI-related medical care was examined using 2003-09 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Surveys, representing all US ED visits. Cost analyses used 2010 Current Procedural Terminology Coding and Medicare rates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 2001-08, an estimated 16 677 CANSIs were treated in US EDs, with an associated annual rate of 0.7 per 100 000 US citizens (95% CI 0.6-0.8) and no observable temporal trend. The estimated maximum annual medical cost of ED-treated CANSIs was $9.8 million, or $0.03 per citizen, $1.66 per insulin-injecting person and $0.0018 per insulin injection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  US ED-treated CANSI rates are extremely low. Stricter disposal programs and the at-home use of safety devices do not appear to be needed at this time.
authors.affiliation: Jason and Jarvis Associates, LLC, Hilton Head Island, SC 29928, USA. jjason@post.harvard.edu
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jason
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016602:Needlestick Injuries / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: blood-borne infections; cost assessment; diabetes; injection; needlestick injuries; prevention