title: Microarray analysis of altered gene expression and the role of ATF3 in HK-2 cells treated with hemin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify gene expression changes and the role of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) in hemin toxicity in renal tubular epithelial cells, then elucidate molecular mechanisms of hemin toxicity on renal tubular epithelial cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  An oligo array comprising 35,035 genes was used to compare differential gene expression in hemin-treated and non-treated HK-2 cells (human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells), and the role of ATF3 in hemin toxicity was assessed using siRNA technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 128 mRNAs were at least twofold up-regulated and 101 mRNAs were at least twofold down-regulated after hemin treatment. Expression levels of ATF3, heat shock protein 70, c-fos, and c-jun were remarkably increased. Hemin also suppressed nuclear factor-kappa B inhibitor α, β-2 adrenergic receptor, and interleukin-6 mRNA amounts more than twofold. We further demonstrated the protective role of ATF3 in hemin cytotoxicity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data suggest that hemin caused multiple changes of gene expression in HK-2 cells, and ATF3 protects against hemin cytotoxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China.
authors.forename: Jingwen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Dewen
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yabing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Shaoxia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hongyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zuo
authors.forename: Xinping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Shuiming
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ruiyun
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Peng
mesh_terms: D051700:Activating Transcription Factor 3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006427:Hemin / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D006801:Humans; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D015854:Up-Regulation; D019459:Urothelium / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C490449:ATF3 protein, human; D051700:Activating Transcription Factor 3; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D006427:Hemin