title: Pathobiology and transmission of highly and low pathogenic avian influenza viruses in European quail (Coturnix c. coturnix).
abstract: European quail (Coturnix c. coturnix) may share with Japanese quail (Coturnix c. japonica) its potential as an intermediate host and reservoir of avian influenza viruses (AIV). To elucidate this question, European quail were experimentally challenged with two highly pathogenic AIV (HPAIV) (H7N1/HP and H5N1/HP) and one low pathogenic AIV (LPAIV) (H7N2/LP). Contact animals were also used to assess the viral transmission among birds. Severe neurological signs and mortality rates of 67% (H7N1/HP) and 92% (H5N1/HP) were observed. Although histopathological findings were present in both HPAIV-infected groups, H5N1/HP-quail displayed a broader viral antigen distribution and extent of microscopic lesions. Neither clinical nor pathological involvement was observed in LPAIV-infected quail. Consistent long-term viral shedding and effective transmission to naive quail was demonstrated for the three studied AIV. Drinking water arose as a possible transmission route and feathers as a potential origin of HPAIV dissemination. The present study demonstrates that European quail may play a major role in AI epidemiology, highlighting the need to further understand its putative role as an intermediate host for avian/mammalian reassortant viruses.
authors.affiliation: Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, (Cerdanyola del Vallès), 08193, Spain. kateri.bertran@cresa.uab.cat.
authors.forename: Kateri
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bertran
authors.forename: Roser
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dolz
authors.forename: Núria
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Busquets
authors.forename: Virginia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gamino
authors.forename: Júlia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vergara-Alert
authors.forename: Aida J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Chaves
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ramis
authors.forename: F Xavier
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Abad
authors.forename: Ursula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Höfle
authors.forename: Natàlia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Majó
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003370:Coturnix; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D053124:Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype / Q000472:pathogenicity* / Q000502:physiology; D057916:Influenza A Virus, H7N1 Subtype / Q000472:pathogenicity* / Q000502:physiology; D057917:Influenza A Virus, H7N2 Subtype / Q000472:pathogenicity* / Q000502:physiology; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D011897:Random Allocation; D017201:Virus Shedding
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