title: Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in India: prevalence & susceptibility pattern.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is endemic in India and is a dangerous pathogen for hospital acquired infections. This study was conducted in 15 Indian tertiary care centres during a two year period from January 2008 to December 2009 to determine the prevalence of MRSA and susceptibility pattern of S. aureus isolates in India.
  
  
  METHODS
  All S. aureus isolates obtained during the study period in the participating centres were included in the study. Each centre compiled their data in a predefined template which included data of the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, location of the patient and specimen type. The data in the submitted templates were collated and analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 26310 isolates were included in the study. The overall prevalence of methicillin resistance during the study period was 41 per cent. Isolation rates for MRSA from outpatients, ward inpatients and ICU were 28, 42 and 43 per cent, respectively in 2008 and 27, 49 and 47 per cent, respectively in 2009. The majority of S. aureus isolates was obtained from patients with skin and soft tissue infections followed by those suffering from blood stream infections and respiratory infections. Susceptibility to ciprofloxacin was low in both MSSA (53%) and MRSA (21%). MSSA isolates showed a higher susceptibility to gentamicin, co-trimoxazole, erythromycin and clindamycin as compared to MRSA isolates. No isolate was found resistant to vancomycin or linezolid.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study showed a high level of MRSA in our country. There is a need to study epidemiology of such infections. Robust antimicrobial stewardship and strengthened infection control measures are required to prevent spread and reduce emergence of resistance.
mesh_terms: D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000453:epidemiology; D004917:Erythromycin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008712:Methicillin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D018461:Soft Tissue Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D062606:Tertiary Care Centers
chemical_list: D005839:Gentamicins; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D004917:Erythromycin; D008712:Methicillin
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