title: protective effect of tetracycline against dermal toxicity induced by Jellyfish venom.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previously, we have reported that most, if not all, of the Scyphozoan jellyfish venoms contain multiple components of metalloproteinases, which apparently linked to the venom toxicity. Further, it is also well known that there is a positive correlation between the inflammatory reaction of dermal tissues and their tissue metalloproteinase activity. Based on these, the use of metalloproteinase inhibitors appears to be a promising therapeutic alternative for the treatment of jellyfish envenomation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tetracycline (a metalloproteinase inhibitor) has been examined for its activity to reduce or prevent the dermal toxicity induced by Nemopilema nomurai (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae) jellyfish venom (NnV) using in vitro and in vivo models. HaCaT (human keratinocyte) and NIH3T3 (mouse fibroblast) incubated with NnV showed decreases in cell viability, which is associated with the inductions of metalloproteinase-2 and -9. This result suggests that the use of metalloproteinase inhibitors, such as tetracycline, may prevent the jellyfish venom-mediated local tissue damage. In vivo experiments showed that comparing with NnV-alone treatment, tetracycline pre-mixed NnV demonstrated a significantly reduced progression of dermal toxicity upon the inoculation onto rabbit skin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is believed that there has been no previous report on the therapeutic agent of synthetic chemical origin for the treatment of jellyfish venom-induced dermonecrosis based on understanding its mechanism of action except the use of antivenom treatment. Furthermore, the current study, for the first time, has proposed a novel mechanism-based therapeutic intervention for skin damages caused by jellyfish stings.
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea.
authors.forename: Changkeun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Yeung Bae
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Jeongsoo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kwak
authors.forename: Hongseok
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Won Duk
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Tae-Jin
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Jong-Shu
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Euikyung
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000931:Antidotes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D003064:Cnidarian Venoms / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000633:toxicity*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D045726:Metalloproteases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D051379:Mice; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D011042:Poisons / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D011817:Rabbits; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology*; D013752:Tetracycline / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000931:Antidotes; D003064:Cnidarian Venoms; D011042:Poisons; D045726:Metalloproteases; D013752:Tetracycline
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