title: Prognostic significance and therapeutic option of heart rate variability in chronic kidney disease.
abstract: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) begins early in the course of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is the leading cause of death in patients with CKD. Preventing the development of CVD and establishing new clinical tools for identifying high-risk individuals, particularly those with an increased risk for cardiac death, is of clinical importance. Abnormality of heart rate variability (HRV) has been shown to be associated with CVD and CKD. Assessment of HRV is based on analysis of consecutive normal R-R intervals and may provide quantitative information on the modulation of cardiac vagal and sympathetic nerve input. In this brief manuscript, increased CVD risk among CKD patients, mechanisms due to autonomic nerves dysfunction, changes of HRV and potential measures to ameliorate clinical prognostic of CKD patients will be discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ningning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D011379:Prognosis; D006435:Renal Dialysis
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated
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