title: Assessment of poly-L-lysine dendrigrafts for virus concentration in water: use of MS2 bacteriophage as proof of concept.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Virus detection has often been difficult due to a low concentration in water. In this study, we developed a new procedure based on concentration of virus particles on an innovative support: poly-L-lysine dendrigrafts (DGL), coupled with directed nucleic acid extraction and real-time PCR quantification.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This method was evaluated using the bacteriophage MS2 as a model virus. This virus exhibited the size and structural properties of human pathogenic enteric viruses and has often been used to assess new supports of concentration. Moreover, this bacteriophage is also a faecal contamination indicator. In this study, many water filtration conditions were tested (volume of water, concentration, etc.), and more than 80% of bacteriophage were recovered after filtration on polymer, in most conditions. We demonstrated that the method was linear (slope = 0·99 ± 0·04 and Y intercept when x = -0·02 ± 0·28), valid (as manipulators, tested concentrations, volumes of sample and batch of polymer did not have any influence on concentration) and sensitive (allowing to concentrate up to 16,600-fold 1 l of sample and to detect and quantify down to 750 GC l(-1) and 7500 GC l(-1), respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To conclude, this support exhibits high interest to retain viruses and to allow to detect low concentration of virus in water.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study gives valuable advance in the methods of concentration and diagnosis of virus in water.
authors.affiliation: EHESP Rennes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-35043 Rennes Cedex, France. axelle.cadiere@ehesp.fr
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cadiere
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Couturaud
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Boismard
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Le Cann
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gérard
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mas
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Faye
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Garrelly
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Roig
mesh_terms: D005374:Filtration / Q000379:methods; D017909:Levivirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D011107:Polylysine / Q000737:chemistry*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014871:Water Microbiology
chemical_list: D011107:Polylysine