title: Ultrasonic wave propagation assessment of native cartilage explants and hydrogel scaffolds for tissue engineering.
abstract: Non-destructive techniques characterising the mechanical properties of cells, tissues, and biomaterials provide baseline metrics for tissue engineering design. Ultrasonic wave propagation and attenuation has previously demonstrated the dynamics of extracellular matrix synthesis in chondrocyte-seeded hydrogel constructs. In this paper, we describe an ultrasonic method to analyse two of the construct elements used to engineer articular cartilage in real-time, native cartilage explants and an agarose biomaterial. Results indicated a similarity in wave propagation velocity ranges for both longitudinal (1500-1745 m/s) and transverse (350-950 m/s) waveforms. Future work will apply an acoustoelastic analysis to distinguish between the fluid and solid properties including the cell and matrix biokinetics as a validation of previous mathematical models.
authors.affiliation: Regenerative Bioengineering Laboratory, Departments of Mechanical & Materials Engineering and Biology, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, USA.
authors.forename: Sean S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Kohles
authors.forename: Shelley S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Mason
authors.forename: Anya P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Berg
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Blank
authors.forename: Fay
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.forename: Johnathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Righetti
authors.forename: Iesha S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Washington
authors.forename: Asit K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Saha
keywords: acoustoelasticity; bioengineering; biomedical engineering; cartilage biokinetics; cartilage engineering; hydrogel biomaterials; transmission wave elasticity; ultrasonic elasticity
references.citation: Tissue Eng. 2004 Sep-Oct;10(9-10):1323-31
references.pmid: 15588393
references.citation: J Acoust Soc Am. 1990 Apr;87(4):1786-91
references.pmid: 2187916
references.citation: J Biomech Eng. 2007 Aug;129(4):473-80
references.pmid: 17655467
references.citation: J Acoust Soc Am. 2007 Feb;121(2):879-87
references.pmid: 17348512
references.citation: J Biomech. 2006;39(9):1595-602
references.pmid: 15992803
references.citation: J Biomech Eng. 1997 Aug;119(3):232-6
references.pmid: 9285334
references.citation: Int J Comput Healthc. 2012 Jan 1;1(3):214-228
references.pmid: 23795207
references.citation: Ultrasound Med Biol. 2007 Nov;33(11):1755-66
references.pmid: 17693012
references.citation: Connect Tissue Res. 2007;48(6):277-85
references.pmid: 18075813
references.citation: J Nanotechnol Eng Med. 2011 May 1;2(2):25001-25007
references.pmid: 21709743
references.citation: J Biomech. 1997 Mar;30(3):235-41
references.pmid: 9119822
references.citation: Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2006;Suppl:6644-7
references.pmid: 17959475
references.citation: J Biomech Eng. 2008 Apr;130(2):021003
references.pmid: 18412490
references.citation: Acta Biomater. 2009 Jan;5(1):152-61
references.pmid: 18793879
references.citation: J Biomech Eng. 2002 Oct;124(5):521-6
references.pmid: 12405594
references.citation: IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control. 1993;40(2):84-102
references.pmid: 18263161
references.citation: Arthritis Res Ther. 2005;7(3):R552-9
references.pmid: 15899042
references.citation: Ann Biomed Eng. 2011 Oct;39(10):2521-30
references.pmid: 21773854
references.citation: Tissue Eng Part B Rev. 2008 Jun;14(2):149-65
references.pmid: 18498217