title: Evaluating the initial impact of the revised Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) food packages on dietary intake and home food availability in African-American and Hispanic families.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study assessed the impact of the 2009 food packages mandated by the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) on dietary intake and home food availability in low-income African-American and Hispanic parent/child dyads.
  
  
  METHODS
  A natural experiment was conducted to assess if the revised WIC food package altered dietary intake, home food availability, weight and various lifestyle measures immediately (6 months) following policy implementation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve WIC clinics in Chicago, IL, USA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and seventy-three Hispanic and African-American children aged 2-3 years, enrolled in WIC, and their mothers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six months after the WIC food package revisions were implemented, we observed modest changes in dietary intake. Fruit consumption increased among Hispanic mothers (mean = 0·33 servings/d, P = 0·04) and low-fat dairy intake increased among Hispanic mothers (0·21 servings/d, P = 0·02), Hispanic children (0·34 servings/d, P < 0·001) and African-American children (0·24 servings/d, P = 0·02). Home food availability of low-fat dairy and whole grains also increased. Dietary changes, however, varied by racial/ethnic group. Changes in home food availability were not significantly correlated with changes in diet.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The WIC food package revisions are one of the first efforts to modify the nutrition guidelines that govern foods provided in a federal food and nutrition assistance programme. It will be important to examine the longer-term impact of these changes on dietary intake and weight status.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Applied Health Sciences, 1919 West Taylor Street, M/C 517, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
authors.forename: Angela M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Odoms-Young
authors.affiliation: 2 Cancer Education and Career Development Program, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Linda A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Schiffer
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Applied Health Sciences, 1919 West Taylor Street, M/C 517, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
authors.forename: Summer J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Porter
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Lara
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Blumstein
authors.affiliation: 4 WIC Nutrition Services, Illinois Department of Human Services, Springfield, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bess
authors.affiliation: 5 Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Michael L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Berbaum
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Marian L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Fitzgibbon
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American; D000818:Animals; D000886:Anthropometry; D002641:Chicago; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D002523:Edible Grain; D002149:Energy Intake; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000208:ethnology*; D005260:Female; D063105:Food Assistance / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005523:Food Supply / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005638:Fruit; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008019:Life Style; D011939:Mental Recall; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry; D057566:Self Report; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014675:Vegetables
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