title: Alzheimer disease alters the relationship of cardiorespiratory fitness with brain activity during the stroop task.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite mounting evidence that physical activity has positive benefits for brain and cognitive health, there has been little characterization of the relationship between cardiorespiratory (CR) fitness and cognition-associated brain activity as measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The lack of evidence is particularly glaring for diseases such as Alzheimer disease (AD) that degrade cognitive and functional performance.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to describe the relationship between regional brain activity during cognitive tasks and CR fitness level in people with and without AD.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case-control, single-observation study design was used.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-four individuals (18 without dementia and 16 in the earliest stages of AD) completed maximal exercise testing and performed a Stroop task during fMRI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cardiorespiratory fitness was inversely associated with anterior cingulate activity in the participants without dementia (r=-.48, P=.05) and unassociated with activation in those with AD (P>.7). Weak associations of CR fitness and middle frontal cortex were noted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The wide age range and the use of a single task in fMRI rather than multiple tasks challenging different cognitive capacities were limitations of the study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results offer further support of the relationship between CR fitness and regional brain activity. However, this relationship may be attenuated by disease. Future work in this area may provide clinicians and researchers with interpretable and dependable regional fMRI biomarker signatures responsive to exercise intervention. It also may shed light on mechanisms by which exercise can support cognitive function.
authors.affiliation: KU Alzheimer's Disease Center and Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Fairway, Kansas 66160, USA. evidoni@kumc.edu
authors.forename: Eric D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Vidoni
authors.forename: Matthew R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Gayed
authors.forename: Robyn A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Honea
authors.forename: Cary R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Savage
authors.forename: Derek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hobbs
authors.forename: Jeffrey M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Burns
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001931:Brain Mapping; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology*; D012494:Sampling Studies
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