title: Implications for Interleukin-33 in solid organ transplantation.
abstract: Interleukin(IL)-33 is a member of the IL-1 cytokine family that has been attributed T helper (Th) type 2 immunity-promoting capacity. However, new studies indicate that IL-33 is a multifunctional protein that acts as transcriptional/signaling repressor, functions as an alarmin alerting the immune system to necrosis, as well as serves as a cytokine that targets cells expressing ST2, the IL-33 receptor. Interestingly, IL-33 is also emerging as a pleiotropic cytokine. Depending on the innate or adaptive immune cells targeted by IL-33, it can not only promote type 2, but also IFN-γ dominated type 1 immunity. In addition, IL-33 expands regulatory T cells. In this review, we assimilate the current knowledge of IL-33 immunobiology and discuss how IL-33 may mediate such diverse roles in the immune response to pathogens and development of immune-mediated pathologies. The function of IL-33 in shaping alloimmune responses to transplanted organs is poorly explored, but a particularly beneficial role of IL-33 in experimental heart transplant models is summarized. Finally, given the implication of IL-33 in pathologies of the lung and intestine, we discuss how IL-33 may contribute to the comparatively poor outcomes following transplantation of these two organs.
authors.affiliation: Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute and Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
authors.forename: Quan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Hēth R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Turnquist
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016027:Heart Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000276:immunology; D000067596:Interleukin-33; D007378:Interleukins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D007422:Intestines / Q000276:immunology / Q000637:transplantation; D016040:Lung Transplantation; D051379:Mice; D016377:Organ Transplantation; D015398:Signal Transduction; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology*; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D014181:Transplantation Immunology
chemical_list: C506536:IL33 protein, human; D000067596:Interleukin-33; D007378:Interleukins; D007371:Interferon-gamma
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