title: Cynodon dactylon and Sida acuta extracts impact on the function of the cardiovascular system in zebrafish embryos.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to screen cardioactive herbs from Western Ghats of India. The heart beat rate (HBR) and blood flow during systole and diastole were tested in zebrafish embryos. We found that Cynodon dactylon (C. dactylon) induced increases in the HBR in zebrafish embryos with a HBR of (3.968±0.344) beats/s, which was significantly higher than that caused by betamethosone [(3.770±0.344) beats/s]. The EC50 value of C. dactylon was 3.738 µg/mL. The methanolic extract of Sida acuta (S. acuta) led to decreases in the HBR in zebrafish embryos [(1.877±0.079) beats/s], which was greater than that caused by nebivolol (positive control). The EC50 value of Sida acuta was 1.195 µg/mL. The untreated embryos had a HBR of (2.685±0.160) beats/s at 3 d post fertilization (dpf). The velocities of blood flow during the cardiac cycle were (2,291.667±72.169) µm/s for the control, (4,250±125.000) µm/s for C. dactylon and (1,083.333±72.169) µm/s for S. acuta. The LC50 values were 32.6 µg/mL for C. dactylon and 20.9 µg/mL for S. acuta. In addition, the extracts exhibited no chemical genetic effects in the drug dosage range tested. In conclusion, we developed an assay that can measure changes in cardiac function in response to herbal small molecules and determine the cardiogenic effects by microvideography.
authors.affiliation: International Center for Nanobiotechnology (ICN), Center for Marine Science and Technology (CMST), Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Rajakkamangalam, Kanyakumari Dist, Tamil Nadu 629502, India.
authors.forename: Rajaretinam Rajesh
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Kannan
authors.forename: Samuel Gnana Prakash
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Vincent
keywords: blood flow velocity; cardiogenesis; heart beat rate assay; small molecules; zebrafish embryo
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