title: The reliability and prognosis of in-hospital diagnosis of metabolic syndrome in the setting of acute myocardial infarction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study sought to examine the reliability and prognostic importance of an in-hospital diagnosis of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the setting of acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Because the factors that comprise MetS are believed to be altered in the setting of AMI, the diagnosis of MetS during AMI hospitalization and its prognostic significance have not been studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed patients within a multicenter registry for metabolic factors at baseline and 1 month post-AMI and followed them for mortality and rehospitalizations. The accuracy of an inpatient diagnosis of MetS was calculated using a 1-month follow-up as the gold standard. Patients were categorized based on MetS diagnosis at baseline and 1 month, and the combined endpoint of death or rehospitalization over 12 months was compared between groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 1,129 patients hospitalized for AMI, diagnostic criteria for MetS were met by 69% during AMI hospitalization and 63% at 1 month. Inpatient MetS diagnosis had a sensitivity and specificity for outpatient diagnosis of 87% and 61%, respectively, and was associated with an 11 times increased odds of an outpatient diagnosis (C-index 0.74). Compared with patients without MetS during hospitalization and follow-up, patients classified as MetS during AMI but not follow-up had worse outcomes, whereas those classified MetS at follow-up had the worst outcomes (rates for combined endpoint 27% vs. 37% vs. 38%; log-rank p = 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In a large cohort of patients with AMI, the diagnosis of MetS is common and can be made with reasonable accuracy during AMI. MetS is associated with poor outcomes, regardless of whether the diagnosis is confirmed during subsequent outpatient visit, and identifies a high-risk cohort of patients that may benefit from more aggressive risk factor modification.
authors.affiliation: Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, Missouri 64111, USA. suz.v.arnold@gmail.com
authors.forename: Suzanne V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Arnold
authors.forename: Kasia J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Lipska
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Abhinav
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goyal
authors.forename: Thomas M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Maddox
authors.forename: Darren K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: McGuire
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Spertus
authors.forename: Mikhail
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kosiborod
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000453:epidemiology*; D056128:Obesity, Abdominal / Q000453:epidemiology; D011379:Prognosis; D012042:Registries; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: AMI; CAD; MetS; acute myocardial infarction; coronary artery disease; long-term outcomes; metabolic syndrome; myocardial infarction
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