title: [Chlorine concentrations in the air of indoor swimming pools and their effects on swimming pool workers].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe chlorine levels in the air of indoor swimming pools in Castilla-La Mancha (Spain) and relate them to other chemical parameters in the installation and to the health problems perceived by swimming pool workers.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed 21 pools with chlorine as chemical treatment in Castilla-La Mancha. The iodometry method was applied to measure chlorine concentrations in the air. The concentrations of free and combined chlorine in water, pH and temperature were also evaluated. Health problems were surveyed in 230 swimming pool workers in these facilities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean chlorine level in the air of swimming pools was 4.3 ± 2.3mg/m(3). The pH values were within the legal limits. The temperature parameters did not comply with regulations in 17 of the 21 pools analyzed. In the pools where chlorine values in the air were above the legal regulations, a significantly higher percentage of swimming pool workers perceived eye irritation, dryness and irritation of skin, and ear problems.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chlorine values in the air of indoor swimming pools were higher than those reported in similar studies. Most of the facilities (85%) exceeded the concentration of 1.5mg/m(3) established as the limit for the risk of irritating effects. The concentration of chlorine in indoor swimming pool air has a direct effect on the self-perceived health problems of swimming pool workers.
authors.affiliation: Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, España. alvaro.fernandezluna@hotmail.es
authors.forename: Álvaro
authors.initials: Á
authors.lastname: Fernández-Luna
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Burillo
authors.forename: José Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Felipe
authors.forename: Leonor
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gallardo
authors.forename: Francisco Manuel
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Tamaral
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis*; D002713:Chlorine / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016272:Occupational Health; D013551:Swimming Pools
chemical_list: D002713:Chlorine
keywords: Chlorine gas; Cloro gas; Occupational health; Piscina; Salud laboral; Swimming pool; Ventilación; Ventilation