title: Therapeutic potential of low-density lipoprotein apheresis in the management of peripheral artery disease in patients with chronic kidney disease.
abstract: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of death in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Patients with CKD are reported to have a significant greater risk of CVD-associated mortality than that of the general population after stratification for age, gender, race, and the presence or absence of diabetes. CKD itself is also an independent risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis, and in particular, patients undergoing dialysis typically bear many of the risk factors for atherosclerosis, such as hypertension, dyslipidemia and disturbed calcium-phosphate metabolism, and commonly suffer from severe atherosclerosis, including peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) apheresis is a potentially valuable treatment applied to conventional therapy-resistant hypercholesterolemic patients with coronary artery disease and PAD. Although previous and recent studies have suggested that LDL apheresis exerts beneficial effects on the peripheral circulation in dialysis patients suffering from PAD, probably through a reduction of not only serum lipids but also of inflammatory or coagulatory factors and oxidative stress, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying the long-term effects of LDL apheresis on the improvement of the peripheral circulation remains unclear and warrants further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokosuka, Japan. tamukou@med.yokohama-cu.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kouichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tsurumi-Ikeya
authors.forename: Hiromichi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wakui
authors.forename: Akinobu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohsawa
authors.forename: Kengo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Azushima
authors.forename: Tomohiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kanaoka
authors.forename: Kazushi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Uneda
authors.forename: Sona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Haku
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Azuma
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mitsuhashi
authors.forename: Nobuko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Toya
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tokita
authors.forename: Toshiharu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kokuho
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Umemura
mesh_terms: D001781:Blood Component Removal / Q000379:methods*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000628:therapy; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D058729:Peripheral Arterial Disease / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D008078:Cholesterol, LDL