title: Effects of a computer-based cognitive exercise program on age-related cognitive decline.
abstract: We developed a 'senior friendly' suite of online 'games for learning' with interactive calibration for increasing difficulty, and evaluated the feasibility of a randomized clinical trial to test the hypothesis that seniors aged 60-80 can improve key aspects of cognitive ability with the aid of such games. Sixty community-dwelling senior volunteers were randomized to either an online game suite designed to train multiple cognitive abilities, or to a control arm with online activities that simulated the look and feel of the games but with low level interactivity and no calibration of difficulty. Study assessment included measures of recruitment, retention and play-time. Cognitive change was measured with a computerized assessment battery administered just before and within two weeks after completion of the six-week intervention. Impediments to feasibility included: limited access to in-home high-speed internet, large variations in the amount of time devoted to game play, and a reluctance to pursue more challenging levels. Overall analysis was negative for assessed performance (transference effects) even though subjects improved on the games themselves. Post hoc analyses suggest that some types of games may have more value than others, but these effects would need to be replicated in a study designed for that purpose. We conclude that a six-week, moderate-intensity computer game-based cognitive intervention can be implemented with high-functioning seniors, but the effect size is relatively small. Our findings are consistent with Owen et al. (2010), but there are open questions about whether more structured, longer duration or more intensive 'games for learning' interventions might yield more substantial cognitive improvement in seniors.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Michigan State University, United States. Andrea.bozoki@ht.msu.edu
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bozoki
authors.forename: Mirjana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Radovanovic
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Winn
authors.forename: Carrie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Heeter
authors.forename: James C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Anthony
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000523:psychology*; D003071:Cognition; D003201:Computers; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory; D008875:Middle Aged; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D018910:Video Games