title: How to make calcium-sensitive minielectrodes.
abstract: In this protocol we describe how to make and use minielectrodes for measuring [Ca(2+)] in small volumes of solution. The minielectrodes are ~2 mm in diameter and have sufficiently low resistances to be used with a standard pH meter. They are made by dipping polyethylene or borosilicate glass tubes (~5 cm long) in a membrane solution. Although the chemicals used to make these Ca(2+)-sensitive minielectrodes are expensive, they can be used to make hundreds of electrodes, each with a useful life of several months.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, United Kingdom. rct26@cam.ac.uk
authors.forename: Roger C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Donald M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Bers
mesh_terms: D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis*; D002623:Chemistry Techniques, Analytical / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D017736:Ion-Selective Electrodes
chemical_list: D002118:Calcium