title: Influence of natural thermal gradients on whole animal rates of protein synthesis in marine gammarid amphipods.
abstract: Although temperature is known to have an important effect on protein synthesis rates and growth in aquatic ectotherms held in the laboratory, little is known about the effects of thermal gradients on natural populations in the field. To address this issue we determined whole-animal fractional rates of protein synthesis (ks ) in four dominant species of gammarid amphipods with different distributions along the coasts of Western Europe from arctic to temperate latitudes. Up to three populations of each species were collected in the summer and ks measured within 48 h. Summer ks values were relatively high in the temperate species, Gammarus locusta, from Portugal (48°N) and Wales (53°N) and were maintained across latitudes by the conservation of translational efficiency. In sharp contrast, summer ks remained remarkably low in the boreal/temperate species G. duebeni from Wales, Scotland (58°N) and Tromsø (70°N), probably as a temporary energy saving strategy to ensure survival in rapidly fluctuating environments of the high intertidal. Values for ks increased in acclimated G. duebeni from Scotland and Tromsø showing a lack of compensation with latitude. In the subarctic/boreal species, G. oceanicus, summer ks remained unchanged in Scotland and Tromsø but fell significantly in Svalbard (79°N) at 5°C, despite a slight increase in RNA content. At 79°N, mean ks was 4.5 times higher in the circumpolar species G. setosus than in G. oceanicus due to a doubling in RNA content. The relationship between whole-animal protein synthesis rates and natural thermal gradients is complex, varies between species and appears to be associated with local temperatures and their variability, as well as changes in other environmental factors.
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Samuel P S
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Rastrick
authors.forename: Nia M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Whiteley
mesh_terms: D033304:Amphipoda / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D059001:Aquatic Organisms / Q000378:metabolism*; D017753:Ecosystem; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D005843:Geography; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D008297:Male; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D012313:RNA / Q000378:metabolism; D012044:Regression Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013048:Specimen Handling; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D012313:RNA
references.citation: J Exp Biol. 2007 Aug;210(Pt 15):2691-9
references.pmid: 17644683
references.citation: J Comp Physiol B. 2003 Sep;173(7):611-20
references.pmid: 12905006
references.citation: Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol. 2002 Aug;132(4):739-61
references.pmid: 12095860
references.citation: Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2004 Aug;287(2):R429-36
references.pmid: 15117724
references.citation: Biol Bull. 1983 Dec;165(3):582-590
references.pmid: 29324012
references.citation: Am J Physiol. 1996 Nov;271(5 Pt 2):R1295-303
references.pmid: 8945967
references.citation: Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2007 Dec 29;362(1488):2233-58
references.pmid: 17553776
references.citation: Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol. 2009 Mar;152(3):372-8
references.pmid: 19049893
references.citation: Annu Rev Nutr. 1995;15:57-92
references.pmid: 8527232
references.citation: Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol. 2003 Aug;135(4):527-37
references.pmid: 12890543
references.citation: Dokl Biol Sci. 2010 Mar-Apr;431:149-51
references.pmid: 20506857
references.citation: Science. 2001 Mar 9;291(5510):1950-2
references.pmid: 11239152
references.citation: J Exp Biol. 2002 Oct;205(Pt 20):3107-22
references.pmid: 12235191
references.citation: Adv Mar Biol. 2007;52:267-362
references.pmid: 17298892
references.citation: J Exp Biol. 2002 Oct;205(Pt 19):3077-86
references.pmid: 12200410
references.citation: Biochem J. 1988 Feb 15;250(1):179-88
references.pmid: 2451506
references.citation: Anal Biochem. 1977 Dec;83(2):346-56
references.pmid: 603028
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 1986 Mar 25;261(9):4059-65
references.pmid: 2419338
references.citation: Physiol Biochem Zool. 2011 Mar-Apr;84(2):154-65
references.pmid: 21460526
references.citation: Biochem J. 1980 Nov 15;192(2):719-23
references.pmid: 6786283
references.citation: J Exp Biol. 2005 Jun;208(Pt 12):2409-20
references.pmid: 15939780
references.citation: Physiol Biochem Zool. 2005 Mar-Apr;78(2):227-38
references.pmid: 15778942
references.citation: Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol. 2010 Apr;155(4):413-8
references.pmid: 20080202
references.citation: Oecologia. 1979 Dec;44(1):80-86
references.pmid: 28310468