title: Declining metabolic control and decreasing parental support among families with adolescents with diabetes: the risk of restrictiveness.
abstract: Background For children with diabetes, metabolic control typically declines across the adolescent years.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The longitudinal interplay between supportive relationships with parents and metabolic control were investigated in families that differ in parents' restrictiveness.
  
  
  METHODS
  The time-dependent links between perceived parental social support and metabolic control were investigated in a sample of 109 German adolescents with diabetes. 3 waves of data were collected at annual intervals; metabolic control (indexed by HbA1c) was assayed by physicians annually.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Family restrictiveness moderated longitudinal associations between metabolic control and perceived social support. For adolescents reporting high family restrictiveness, poorer initial metabolic control predicted greater subsequent declines in perceived parent social support, and lower initial perceived parental social support predicted greater subsequent deterioration in metabolic control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings add to the growing body of work suggesting that restrictiveness is a risk factor that exacerbates problems associated with low perceived parental support.
authors.affiliation: University of Mainz, Department of Psychology, Wallstrasse 3-6, 55112, Mainz, Germany. seiffge-krenke@uni-mainz.de
authors.forename: Inge
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Seiffge-Krenke
authors.forename: Brett
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Laursen
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Dickson
authors.forename: Amy C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Hartl
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001294:Attitude to Health; D015190:Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D054541:Family Conflict / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D016487:Parenting / Q000523:psychology*; D010565:Persuasive Communication; D012307:Risk Factors; D012648:Self Care / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012944:Social Support; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin
keywords: diabetes; longitudinal links; metabolic control; parental support; restrictive families
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