title: Patterns of non-embolic transient monocular visual field loss.
abstract: The aim of this study was to systematically describe the semiology of non-embolic transient monocular visual field loss (neTMVL). We conducted a retrospective case note analysis of patients from Moorfields Eye Hospital (1995-2007). The variables analysed were age, age of onset, gender, past medical history or family history of migraine, eye affected, onset, duration and offset, perception (pattern, positive and negative symptoms), associated headache and autonomic symptoms, attack frequency, and treatment response to nifedipine. We identified 77 patients (28 male and 49 female). Mean age of onset was 37 years (range 14-77 years). The neTMVL was limited to the right eye in 36 % to the left in 47 % and occurred independently in either eye in 5 % of cases. A past medical history of migraine was present in 12 % and a family history in 8 %. Headache followed neTMVL in 14 % and was associated with autonomic features in 3 %. The neTMB was perceived as grey in 35 %, white in 21 %, black in 16 % and as phosphenes in 9 %. Most frequently neTMVL was patchy 20 %. Recovery of vision frequently resembled attack onset in reverse. In 3 patients without associated headache the loss of vision was permanent. Treatment with nifedipine was initiated in 13 patients with an attack frequency of more than one per week and reduced the attack frequency in all. In conclusion, this large series of patients with neTMVL permits classification into five types of reversible visual field loss (grey, white, black, phosphenes, patchy). Treatment response to nifidipine suggests some attacks to be caused by vasospasm.
authors.affiliation: Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, EC1V 2PD, UK. a.petzold@vumc.nl
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Petzold
authors.forename: Niaz
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.forename: G T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Plant
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D020757:Amaurosis Fugax / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014794:Visual Fields / Q000502:physiology*
references.citation: J Neurosci Methods. 2003 Mar 15;123(2):139-51
references.pmid: 12606063
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 1992 Mar 19;326(12):838; author reply 838-9
references.pmid: 1538734
references.citation: Headache. 1980 Sep;20(5):253-7
references.pmid: 7451120
references.citation: Ann Neurol. 1991 Sep;30(3):423-5
references.pmid: 1952830
references.citation: Am J Ophthalmol. 1960 Mar;49:489-504
references.pmid: 13793037
references.citation: Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 2000 Apr;32(1):215-34
references.pmid: 10751672
references.citation: Ann Ophthalmol. 1979 Jun;11(6):877-81
references.pmid: 496181
references.citation: Headache. 1987 Feb;27(2):66-9
references.pmid: 3570763
references.citation: J Neuroophthalmol. 2007 Mar;27(1):1-2
references.pmid: 17414864
references.citation: Br Med J. 1963 Oct 12;2(5362):894-7
references.pmid: 14067677
references.citation: Prog Retin Eye Res. 2001 May;20(3):319-49
references.pmid: 11286896
references.citation: Headache. 1970 Apr;10(1):9-13
references.pmid: 5444866
references.citation: Lancet. 1961 Dec 30;2(7218):1422-8
references.pmid: 14495437
references.citation: J Neuroophthalmol. 2005 Dec;25(4):303
references.pmid: 16340499
references.citation: Stroke. 1990 Jan;21(1):34-9
references.pmid: 2300989
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 2001 Oct 11;345(15):1084-90
references.pmid: 11596587
references.citation: Ann Neurol. 1989 Jul;26(1):69-77
references.pmid: 2774503
references.citation: Stroke. 1990 Feb;21(2):201-8
references.pmid: 2406992
references.citation: Lancet. 1963 Dec 28;2(7322):1354-6
references.pmid: 14074518
references.citation: Acta Paediatr Suppl. 1962 May;136:1-151
references.pmid: 13869189
references.citation: Retina. 2003 Jun;23(3):415-7
references.pmid: 12824851
references.citation: Surv Ophthalmol. 1989 Jan-Feb;33(4):221-36
references.pmid: 2652358
references.citation: Neurology. 1987 May;37(5):829-32
references.pmid: 3574686
references.citation: Cephalalgia. 2006 Jun;26(6):754-7
references.pmid: 16686918
references.citation: J Neuroophthalmol. 2005 Dec;25(4):299-302
references.pmid: 16340498
references.citation: Surv Ophthalmol. 1997 May-Jun;41(6):481-7
references.pmid: 9220571
references.citation: Stroke. 1984 Sep-Oct;15(5):907-8
references.pmid: 6474546
references.citation: Stroke. 1988 Feb;19(2):196-9
references.pmid: 3344535
references.citation: Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2003 May 1;28(9):E165-8
references.pmid: 12942019
references.citation: Arch Ophthalmol. 1999 Nov;117(11):1568-9
references.pmid: 10565534
references.citation: Ophthalmology. 2001 Jan;108(1):201-6
references.pmid: 11150290
references.citation: Neurology. 1959 May;9(5):333-47
references.pmid: 13657292
references.citation: Neurology. 1989 Dec;39(12):1622-4
references.pmid: 2685658
references.citation: Retina. 2003 Apr;23(2):253-4
references.pmid: 12707612
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 1993 Aug 5;329(6):396-8
references.pmid: 8326973
references.citation: J Neuroophthalmol. 2005 Dec;25(4):304-12
references.pmid: 16340500
references.citation: J Neurol. 2005 Jun;252(6):745-6
references.pmid: 15977001
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 2003 Apr 17;348(16):1609-10
references.pmid: 12700390
references.citation: J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2001 Aug;71(2):247-9
references.pmid: 11459904
references.citation: Ophthalmology. 1981 Jan;88(1):18-25
references.pmid: 7243224
references.citation: Neurol Clin. 1983 Nov;1(4):973-95
references.pmid: 6390159
references.citation: Semin Neurol. 1986 Jun;6(2):185-93
references.pmid: 3332423
references.citation: J Clin Neuroophthalmol. 1989 Sep;9(3):178-80
references.pmid: 2529277
references.citation: CMAJ. 2005 Dec 6;173(12):1441-2
references.pmid: 16330630
references.citation: Can J Neurol Sci. 1980 Feb;7(1):9-17
references.pmid: 7388704
references.citation: Surv Ophthalmol. 2008 May-Jun;53(3):301-5
references.pmid: 18501274
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 2002 Jan 24;346(4):257-70
references.pmid: 11807151
references.citation: Br J Ophthalmol. 1992 Nov;76(11):660-2
references.pmid: 1477040
references.citation: Am J Ophthalmol. 2005 Oct;140(4):717-21
references.pmid: 16140247
references.citation: Am J Dis Child. 1988 Mar;142(3):331-3
references.pmid: 3344721
references.citation: J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1975 May;38(5):500-4
references.pmid: 168320
references.citation: J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2003 Feb;74(2):149
references.pmid: 12531936
references.citation: J Neuroophthalmol. 2009 Mar;29(1):58-61
references.pmid: 19458579
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 1995 Aug 10;333(6):393
references.pmid: 7609772
references.citation: Lancet. 1993 Sep 11;342(8872):690
references.pmid: 8103183
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 1991 Sep 19;325(12):870-3
references.pmid: 1875972
references.citation: AMA Arch Ophthalmol. 1952 Feb;47(2):167-203
references.pmid: 14894017
references.citation: Ann Neurol. 2008 Feb;63(2):247-53
references.pmid: 18306412
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 1993 Aug 5;329(6):426-8
references.pmid: 8326979
references.citation: Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1958 Nov;10(4):705
references.pmid: 13597818
references.citation: Eur Neurol. 1985;24(3):163-9
references.pmid: 3996453
references.citation: Lancet. 1968 May 11;1(7550):1035-6
references.pmid: 4171822
references.citation: Ophthalmology. 1981 Oct;88(10):999-1003
references.pmid: 7335315
references.citation: Br J Ophthalmol. 2004 Feb;88(2):301-2
references.pmid: 14736796
references.citation: Brain. 1968 Sep;91(3):419-34
references.pmid: 5723016
references.citation: Neurol Res. 1995 Feb;17(1):66-9
references.pmid: 7746345
references.citation: J Neuroophthalmol. 2007 Mar;27(1):3-8
references.pmid: 17414865
references.citation: Br J Ophthalmol. 1975 Nov;59(11):631-48
references.pmid: 812547
references.citation: Surv Ophthalmol. 2013 Jan-Feb;58(1):42-62
references.pmid: 23217587