title: Serum lipids and diabetic retinopathy: A cross-sectional study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the association of elevated serum lipids with retinal hard exudates formation, the occurrence clinically significant macular edema (CSME), occurrence and severity of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and loss of vision in type 2 diabetics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Type 2 diabetic patients seeking ocular evaluation for diabetic retinopathy were included in this cross-sectional study. They were assessed for presence and severity of diabetic retinopathy (DR), presence of hard exudates, clinically significant macular oedema (CSME) and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA). Retinal findings were correlated to serum lipids levels using univariate and multivariate analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Totally 330 patients were included, of which 141/330 had diabetic retinopathy of any grade. Retinal hard exudate formation, was found to have statistically significant correlation with the presence of dyslipidemia (p=0.02), increased total cholesterol (p=0.002) and LDL levels (p=0.001). On multivariate analysis, after correcting for duration, glycemic control and albuminuria, increased cholesterol remained significantly associated with increased hard exudate formation (p=0.02). Elevated cholesterol also showed independent association with visual loss (p=0.04). The occurrence CSME showed a statistically significant correlation with dyslipidemia (p=0.04) and increased LDL levels (0.04), which did not persist on multivariate analysis. However the there was no correlation with the occurrence and severity of diabetic retinopathy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elevated serum lipids showed a significant association with retinal hard exudate formation, CSME and loss of vision in type 2 diabetics. Lipid lowering agents may help in reducing the occurrence of these retinal findings and loss of vision in diabetic patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, St John's Medical College, Bangalore - 560 034, India.
authors.forename: Jyothi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Idiculla
authors.forename: Suneetha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nithyanandam
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Joseph
authors.forename: Vk Ajoy
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Mohan
authors.forename: Usha
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Vasu
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sadiq
keywords: Lipid; diabetic; retinopathy
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