title: An interactive three-dimensional nose model for rhinosurgery.
abstract: The motivation behind the development of a new interactive three-dimensional (3D) model of the cartilaginous and bony framework of the nose originated from the significant demand for sophisticated patient communication and for accurate documentation of the surgical steps in rhinoplasty. Basically, the model consists of three features--the viewer function, the freehand function, and default applications--enabling the surgeon to replicate fundamental compilations of findings and to graphically document operative measures easily. The user is able to save all graphics in two-dimensional format and allocate them to patient files. Because the application was designed to be sufficiently universal without being too complex, the 3D model provides a well-balanced mix between freehand and default functions, representing the consistent development of currently available tools.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Facial Plastic Surgery, Academic Teaching Hospital, Staedtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, Germany. wheppt@web.de
authors.forename: Werner Johannes
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Heppt
authors.forename: Heinrich
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Godbersen
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hildebrandt
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation; D004282:Documentation; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D009666:Nose / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D012225:Rhinoplasty; D012984:Software; D014584:User-Computer Interface