title: Clinicopathological significance of CADM4 expression in invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cell adhesion molecule 4 (CADM4) is a novel tumour suppressor involved in cell adhesion. Loss or decreased expression of CADM4 has been associated with the development and progression of some cancers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinicopathological significance of CADM4 expression in breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  We constructed tissue microarrays to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of CADM4 in 256 cases of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and 45 cases of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  CADM4 was expressed in 37 (82.2%) DCIS cases, and in 173 (67.6%) IDC cases. CADM4 expression was higher in DCIS than in IDC (p=0.049). Loss or decrease of CADM4 expression was significantly correlated with higher histological grade (p=0.020), absence of oestrogen receptors (p<0.001), absence of progesterone receptors (p=0.024), and overexpression of c-erbB-2 (p=0.018). In univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses of all 256 IDC cases, CADM4 expression was not significantly associated with overall and disease-free survival. However, it showed a significant positive association with longer disease-free survival in 187 stages I and II IDC cases (p=0.039, log-rank test).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Loss or decrease of CADM4 expression seems to play an important role in breast cancer invasiveness, and it is associated with poorer biological parameters. CADM4 can be used as a novel marker predicting risk of recurrence and disease outcomes in stages I and II IDC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Se Min
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Jongmin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sim
authors.forename: Hulin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Hye In
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Hyunsung
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kijong
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.forename: Young Jin
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Jun
authors.forename: Abdul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rehman
authors.forename: Min Sung
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Kiseok
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Seung Sam
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Paik
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002285:Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone
keywords: BREAST; BREAST CANCER; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY