title: Psychologic functioning of unspecified anonymous living kidney donors before and after donation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There has been discussion regarding the psychologic functioning of living donors who donate their kidney to an unrelated and unknown patient ("unspecified living donors"). This is the first prospective study to investigate group- and individual-level changes in psychologic functioning among a large group of unspecified donors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-nine medically and psychologically screened unspecified living kidney donors completed the Symptom Checklist before and after donation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Group-level analysis showed that overall psychologic symptoms increased after donation (P=0.007); the means remained within the average range of the normal population. Individual-level analysis showed that 33 donors showed no statistically significant change, 3 donors showed a statistically significant decrease, and 13 donors showed a statistically significant increase in psychologic symptoms. Two of the latter donors showed a clinically significant increase.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found more increases in psychologic symptoms than decreases, particularly if follow-up time was longer. However, for almost all donors, these increases were not clinically significant and the clinically significant changes found are comparable with natural fluctuations in psychologic symptoms in the general population. Possibly, the donors underreported their psychologic symptoms before donation to pass the screening. Due to the low level of predonation symptoms reported, regression to the mean could also explain the results. Although we found that changes were not associated with donation-related factors, it is possible that other donation-related factors or other life events not measured have an influence on psychologic functioning. Therefore, further research is needed to investigate whether the fluctuations are related to the donation process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. l.timmerman.1@erasmusmc.nl
authors.forename: Lotte
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Timmerman
authors.forename: Willij C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Zuidema
authors.forename: Ruud A M
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Erdman
authors.forename: Leonieke W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Kranenburg
authors.forename: Reinier
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Timman
authors.forename: Jan N M
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Ijzermans
authors.forename: Jan J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: van Busschbach
authors.forename: Willem
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Weimar
authors.forename: Emma K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Massey
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000523:psychology*; D019520:Living Donors / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011584:Psychology; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors