title: Alleviating psychosocial issues for individuals with communication impairments and their families following stroke: a case series of interdisciplinary assessment and intervention.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A high incidence of depression following a stroke has been reported. Many studies exclude those with communication impairments. However, there is an increased risk of psychosocial issues for individuals with communication difficulties. Psychosocial issues have a significant impact on the individual and their families. There is very limited research in this area.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective case review of the assessment and intervention with three individuals with significant communication difficulties following stroke was completed. Key interdisciplinary intervention factors were identified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Psychosocial issues were identified in all three cases. The assessment of cognitive difficulties, interdisciplinary intervention targeting communication between family members, facilitation of emotional expression and liaison with appropriate community services were identified as key interventions. These interventions targeted at psychosocial issues resulted in a positive outcome for the individuals and their family.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Psychosocial issues are prevalent in individuals and their families with significant communication impairments following stroke. Clinically, these issues may be overlooked. The complexity of working with individuals with cognitive and communication impairments also contributes to poor identification of psychosocial issues. This case series clearly highlights that intervening at the psychosocial level through interdisciplinary working can facilitate meaningful outcomes for the individual and their family.
authors.affiliation: Brain Injury Programme, National Rehabilitation Hospital, Dun Laoghaire, Co. Dublin, Ireland. ciara.jones@nrh.ie
authors.forename: Ciara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Fiadhnait
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: O'Keeffe
authors.forename: Kiadhnait
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: O'Keeffe
authors.forename: Craig
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kingston
authors.forename: Aine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carroll
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D003144:Communication Barriers; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation