title: Genome-wide association study identifies TH1 pathway genes associated with lung function in asthmatic patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies in general populations of European descent have identified 28 loci for lung function.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We sought to identify novel lung function loci specifically for asthma and to confirm lung function loci identified in general populations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Genome-wide association studies of lung function (percent predicted FEV1 [ppFEV1], percent predicted forced vital capacity, and FEV1/forced vital capacity ratio) were performed in 4 white populations of European descent (n = 1544), followed by meta-analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven of 28 previously identified lung function loci (HHIP, FAM13A, THSD4, GSTCD, NOTCH4-AGER, RARB, and ZNF323) identified in general populations were confirmed at single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) levels (P < .05). Four of 32 loci (IL12A, IL12RB1, STAT4, and IRF2) associated with ppFEV1 (P < 10(-4)) belong to the TH1 or IL-12 cytokine family pathway. By using a linear additive model, these 4 TH1 pathway SNPs cumulatively explained 2.9% to 7.8% of the variance in ppFEV1 values in 4 populations (P = 3 × 10(-11)). Genetic scores of these 4 SNPs were associated with ppFEV1 values (P = 2 × 10(-7)) and the American Thoracic Society severe asthma classification (P = .005) in the Severe Asthma Research Program population. TH2 pathway genes (IL13, TSLP, IL33, and IL1RL1) conferring asthma susceptibility were not associated with lung function.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Genes involved in airway structure/remodeling are associated with lung function in both general populations and asthmatic subjects. TH1 pathway genes involved in anti-virus/bacterial infection and inflammation modify lung function in asthmatic subjects. Genes associated with lung function that might affect asthma severity are distinct from those genes associated with asthma susceptibility.
authors.affiliation: Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA. xinli@wakehealth.edu
authors.forename: Xingnan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Gregory A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Hawkins
authors.forename: Elizabeth J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Ampleford
authors.forename: Wendy C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Huashi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Annette T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Hastie
authors.forename: Timothy D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.forename: Homer A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Boushey
authors.forename: William W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Busse
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Calhoun
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.forename: Serpil C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Erzurum
authors.forename: Elliot
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Israel
authors.forename: Robert F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Lemanske
authors.forename: Stanley J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Szefler
authors.forename: Stephen I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Wasserman
authors.forename: Sally E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Wenzel
authors.forename: Stephen P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: Deborah A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Meyers
authors.forename: Eugene R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Bleecker
mesh_terms: D001249:Asthma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume / Q000235:genetics*; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D006801:Humans; D050836:Interferon Regulatory Factor-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D050797:STAT4 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D014797:Vital Capacity / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C494229:IRF2 protein, human; D050836:Interferon Regulatory Factor-2; D050797:STAT4 Transcription Factor; D018664:Interleukin-12
keywords: ACRN; ATS; American Thoracic Society; Asthma Clinical Research Network; BASALT; Best Adjustment Strategy for Asthma in Long Term; CSGA; Collaborative Studies on the Genetics of Asthma; FEV(1); FVC; Forced vital capacity; GWAS; Genome-wide association study; IL12A; IL12RB1; IRF2; LD; Linkage disequilibrium; Lung function; NHLBI; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; Percent predicted FEV(1); Percent predicted forced vital capacity; SARP; SNP; STAT4; Severe Asthma Research Program; Single nucleotide polymorphism; T(H)1; TALC; TENOR; The Epidemiology and Natural History of Asthma: Outcomes and Treatment Regimens; Tiotropium Bromide as an Alternative to Increased Inhaled Corticosteroid in Patients Inadequately Controlled on a Lower Dose of Inhaled Corticosteroids; asthma; ppFEV(1); ppFVC
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