title: A method to measure paddle and detector pressures and footprints in mammography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Compression is necessary in mammography to improve image quality and reduce radiation burden. Maximizing the amount of breast in contact with the image receptor (IR) is important. To achieve this, for the craniocaudal projection, there is no consensus within the literature regarding how the IR should be positioned relative to the inframammary fold (IMF). No information exists within the literature to describe how pressure balancing between IR and paddle, and IR breast footprint, might be optimized. This paper describes a novel method for measuring the respective pressures applied to the breast from the IR and the paddle and a method to simultaneously measure the breast footprints on the IR and the paddle.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a deformable breast phantom and electronic pressure-sensitive mat, area and pressure readings were gathered from two mammography machines and four paddles at 60, 80, and 100 N with the IR positioned at -2, -1, 0, +1, and +2 cm relative to the IMF (60 combinations in total).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Paddle and IR footprints were calculated along with a uniformity index (UI). For all four paddle/machine/pressure combinations the greatest IR footprint was achieved at IMF +2 cm. The UI indicates that the best pressure/footprint balance is achieved at IMF +1 cm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The authors' method appears to be suited to measuring breast footprints and pressures on IR and paddle and a human female study is planned.
authors.affiliation: University of Salford, Salford, Greater Manchester M6 6PU, United Kingdom. P.Hogg@salford.ac.uk
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hogg
authors.forename: Katy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Szczepura
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Darlington
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maxwell
mesh_terms: D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006245:Hardness Tests / Q000295:instrumentation*; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008327:Mammography / Q000295:instrumentation*; D010173:Palpation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014160:Transducers, Pressure