title: The Qure study: Q fever fatigue syndrome--response to treatment; a randomized placebo-controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Q fever is a zoonosis that is present in many countries. Q fever fatigue syndrome (QFS) is one of the most frequent sequelae after an acute Q fever infection. QFS is characterized by persistent fatigue following an acute Q fever infection, leading to substantial morbidity and a high socio-economic burden. The occurrence of QFS is well-documented, and has been described in many countries over the past decades. However, a treatment with proven efficacy is not available. Only a few uncontrolled studies have tested the efficacy of treatment with antibiotics on QFS. These studies suggest a positive effect of long-term treatment with a tetracycline on performance state; however, no randomized controlled trials have been performed. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has been proven to be an effective treatment modality for chronic fatigue in other diseases, but has not yet been tested in QFS. Therefore, we designed a trial to assess the efficacy of long-term treatment with the tetracycline doxycycline and CBT in patients with QFS.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized placebo-controlled trial will be conducted. One-hundred-eighty adult patients diagnosed with QFS will be recruited and randomized between one of three groups: CBT, long-term doxycycline or placebo. First, participants will be randomized between CBT and medication (ratio 1:2). A second double-blinded randomization between doxycycline and placebo (ratio 1:1) will be performed in the medication condition. Each group will be treated for six months. Outcome measures will be assessed at baseline and post intervention. The primary outcome measure is fatigue severity. Secondary outcome measures are functional impairment, level of psychological distress, and Coxiella burnetii PCR and serology.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Qure study is the first randomized placebo-controlled trial, which evaluates the efficacy of long-term doxycycline and of cognitive behavioral therapy in patients with QFS. The results of this study will provide knowledge about evidence-based treatment options for adult patients with QFS.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01318356, and Netherlands Trial Register: NTR2797.
authors.affiliation: Radboud Expertise Centre for Q fever, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. s.keijmel@aig.umcn.nl
authors.forename: Stephan P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Keijmel
authors.forename: Corine E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Delsing
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sprong
authors.forename: Gijs
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bleijenberg
authors.forename: Jos W M
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: van der Meer
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Knoop
authors.forename: Chantal P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Bleeker-Rovers
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004318:Doxycycline / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015673:Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands; D010919:Placebos / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011778:Q Fever / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D010919:Placebos; D004318:Doxycycline
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