title: Accuracy of self-reported tobacco use in newly diagnosed cancer patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Accurate identification of tobacco use is critical to implement evidence-based cessation treatments in cancer patients. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of self-reported tobacco use in newly diagnosed cancer patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tobacco use questionnaires and blood samples were collected from 233 newly diagnosed cancer patients (77 lung, 77 breast, and 79 prostate cancer). Blood was analyzed for cotinine levels using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Patients with cotinine measurements exceeding 10 ng/mL were categorized as current smokers. Smoking status based upon cotinine levels was contrasted with self-report in current smokers, recent quitters (1 or less year since quit), non-recent quitters (>1 year since quit), and never smokers. Multivariate analyses were used to identify potential predictors of discordance between self-reported and biochemically confirmed smoking.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cotinine confirmed 100 % accuracy in self-reporting of current and never smokers. Discordance in cotinine and smoking status was observed in 26 patients (15.0 %) reporting former tobacco use. Discordance in self-reported smoking was 12 times higher in recent (35.4 %) as compared with non-recent quitters (2.8 %). Combining disease site, pack-year history, and employment status predicted misrepresentation of tobacco use in 82.4 % of recent quitters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Self-reported tobacco use may not accurately assess smoking status in newly diagnosed cancer patients. Patients who claim to have recently stopped smoking within the year prior to a cancer diagnosis and lung cancer patients may have a higher propensity to misrepresent tobacco use and may benefit from biochemical confirmation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Natural Sciences, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Nelson A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Morales
authors.forename: Michelle A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Romano
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Michael Cummings
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Hyland
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hutson
authors.forename: Graham W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Warren
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003367:Cotinine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D057566:Self Report; D064424:Tobacco Use / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D003367:Cotinine
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