title: Ceramide from sphingomyelin hydrolysis differentially mediates mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) activation following cerebral ischemia in rat hippocampal CA1 subregion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the role that ceramide plays in the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) during cerebral ischemia and reperfusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were subjected to ischemia by the four-vessel occlusion (4-VO) method. The sphingomyelinase inhibitor TPCK was administered to the CA1 subregion of the rat hippocampus before inducing ischemia. Western blot was used to examine the activity of extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK) using antibodies against ERK, JNK and diphosphorylated ERK and JNK.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 1h reperfusion post-ischemia, JNK reached its peak activity while ERK was undergoing a sharp inactivation (P < 0.05). The level of diphosphorylated JNK was significantly reduced but the sharp inactivation of ERK was visibly reversed (P < 0.05) by the sphingomyelinase inhibitor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ceramide signaling pathway is up-regulated through sphingomyelin hydrolysis in brain ischemia, promoting JNK activation and suppressing ERK activation, culminating in the ischemic lesion.
authors.affiliation: The Laboratory Center for Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
authors.forename: Xian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: Zhenghong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guo
keywords: c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase; ceramide; cerebral ischemia; extracellular-signal regulated kinase
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