title: Microarray analyses reveal liver metastasis-related genes in metastatic colorectal cancer cell model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the molecular mechanisms of colorectal cancer liver metastasis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cecal wall implantation was performed in nude mice to subclone a highly liver metastatic human colorectal cancer clone (SW1116-M) from SW1116. In vivo and in vitro assays were adopted to confirm the proliferation and metastasis potential. The human tumor metastasis PCR microarrays were used to analyze the differential gene expressions. The results were confirmed further by real-time quantitative PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SW1116-M and SW1116-S5, two human colon cancer cell clones with different metastatic potential, were subcloned from SW1116. In SW1116-M, in vitro invasion, migration and in vivo metastatic potential were higher, and in vitro proliferation rate was lower than SW1116-S5. In tumor metastasis PCR microarray, 24 genes related to cell invading, adhesion, cellular growth and differentiation were found with a twofold difference between SW1116-S5 and SW1116-M. Sixteen of these, including E-cadherins, MTSS1, TRAIL and TRPM1, were up-regulated; eight genes including cathepsin L, EphB2, HGF, MET, MCAM and RORβ were down-regulated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have established a highly liver metastatic clone. The subsequent metastasis PCR microarray analysis identified a procedure of cellular differentiation and mesenchymal to epithelial transition (MET) in liver metastasis. The colonization to from macrometastasis is not a switch from cell cycle arrest but a result of cell differentiation and MET.
authors.affiliation: General Surgery Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Rd, Suzhou 215004, China.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ren
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Xiao-dong
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Khan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Imran
authors.forename: Chun-gen
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Xing
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D052138:Genes, Neoplasm; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000556:secondary; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D059467:Transcriptome; D015854:Up-Regulation
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