title: A protocol for the classification of wet mass in extrusion-spheronization.
abstract: In this study, a structured protocol for the classification of wet mass in extrusion-spheronization was developed to predict formation and pellet quality. The wet masses of 120 formulae were prepared taking microcrystalline celluloses as pelletization aid and lactose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose grades, herbal medicines as model drugs. Physical properties of the wet masses such as hardness, adhesiveness, springiness, cohesiveness, chewiness, and resilience were tested, respectively, using a texture analyzer. Particles were produced by spheronization process, and the quality of spherical pellets was also evaluated. Data were analyzed by principal component analysis, factor analysis, and classification analysis. The wet masses could be classified into five groups taking the ratio of hardness to springiness (Ha/Sp) as the first classification index and chewiness, resilience as the second and the third classification index. The wet masses of different classification could correspondingly form the different shapes. So, a new protocol could be devised, for example, if the range of Ha/Sp of the wet masses was 30,992-47,689 g, at the same time, the value of chewiness was less than 4842, and the value of resilience was no more than 0.139; it would form spherical pellets under the experimental condition. These results demonstrate that the proposed protocol could be a valuable asset in a formulation development project to assess the physical properties of wet masses and to predict formation and pellet quality. So, the tedious and expensive pre-production (pre-formulation and optimization) work could be considerably reduced.
authors.affiliation: Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PR China; Technology Laboratory Center, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.
authors.forename: Ya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Yanlong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Jiechen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xian
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Lan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Xue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Feng
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D002482:Cellulose / Q000737:chemistry*; D003460:Crystallization; D004339:Drug Compounding / Q000379:methods; D005079:Excipients / Q000737:chemistry; D006244:Hardness; D065347:Hypromellose Derivatives; D007785:Lactose / Q000737:chemistry; D008747:Methylcellulose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry; D010316:Particle Size; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000737:chemistry; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000737:chemistry; D011208:Powders; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D013499:Surface Properties; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D005079:Excipients; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D028321:Plant Preparations; D011208:Powders; D014867:Water; D065347:Hypromellose Derivatives; D002482:Cellulose; D008747:Methylcellulose; D007785:Lactose
keywords: Extrusion–spheronization; Pellets; Physical properties; Principal component analysis; Texture analyzer; Wet mass