title: Expression of CD163 prevents apoptosis through the production of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in meningioma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  CD163 is a 130-kDa transmembrane protein expressed in human monocytes and macrophages, and the aberrant expression of CD163 in breast and colorectal cancer associated with patients' poor prognosis was reported. Here, we analyzed the expression of CD163 in meningioma, a common intracranial tumor, and its molecular mechanism in association with meningioma progression.
  
  
  METHODS
  First, we performed immunohistochemical analysis using 50 human meningioma specimens. Next, we established CD163-overexpressing human meningioma cell lines and investigated its roles in tumor progression in vitro and in vivo.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immunohistochemically, 26 of 50 human meningioma specimens (52.0%) were positive for CD163 in tumor cells, including benign grade I (48.5%) and grade II (71.4%) cases. Furthermore, CD163 expression was correlated with histological atypical parameters that directly predict the prognosis of meningioma. CD163-overexpressing meningioma cells showed significant suppression of apoptosis and accelerated tumor growth in nude mice. In addition, unexpected splenomegaly affiliated with the xenograft predicted tumor-derived granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) production, which was confirmed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To our knowledge, this is the first report that demonstrates CD163 expression in meningioma not only by immunohistochemistry but also by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, using primary culture cells, and provides the novel molecular function of CD163 to prevent apoptosis through the production of G-CSF in meningioma.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cancer Research, Department of Pathology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, North 15, West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiromi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kanno
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nishihara
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Sayaka
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yuzawa
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Masumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsuda
authors.forename: Taichi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Mishie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanino
authors.forename: Shunsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Terasaka
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanaka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017209:Apoptosis; D015153:Blotting, Western; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008297:Male; D008577:Meningeal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008579:Meningioma / Q000473:pathology*; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D055815:Young Adult; D000098902:CD163 Antigen
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; D000098902:CD163 Antigen; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor
keywords: CD163; G-CSF; apoptosis; malignancy; meningioma
references.citation: Mol Immunol. 2010 Apr;47(7-8):1650-60
references.pmid: 20299103
references.citation: Acta Neuropathol. 2007 Aug;114(2):97-109
references.pmid: 17618441
references.citation: Neurosurgery. 2009 Jan;64(1):56-60; discussion 60
references.pmid: 19145156
references.citation: Int J Clin Oncol. 2010 Apr;15(2):191-5
references.pmid: 20179985
references.citation: Arthritis Rheum. 2004 May;50(5):1611-23
references.pmid: 15146432
references.citation: Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2010 Aug;58(5):304-6
references.pmid: 20680910
references.citation: Neurosurg Focus. 2011 May;30(5):E7
references.pmid: 21529178
references.citation: Pathol Res Pract. 2005;201(5):379-84
references.pmid: 16047947
references.citation: Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2009 May;9(3):231-40
references.pmid: 19348712
references.citation: Blood. 2007 Jun 15;109(12):5223-9
references.pmid: 17353345
references.citation: Surg Today. 2013 Apr;43(4):439-45
references.pmid: 22638568
references.citation: Atherosclerosis. 2009 Nov;207(1):103-10
references.pmid: 19473660
references.citation: Cancer Res. 2006 Aug 15;66(16):8026-36
references.pmid: 16912178
references.citation: Am J Surg Pathol. 2005 May;29(5):617-24
references.pmid: 15832085
references.citation: Blood. 2002 Jan 1;99(1):378-80
references.pmid: 11756196
references.citation: J Leukoc Biol. 1999 Nov;66(5):858-66
references.pmid: 10577520
references.citation: Int J Cancer. 2009 Oct 15;125(8):1826-31
references.pmid: 19582880
references.citation: PLoS One. 2012;7(7):e41942
references.pmid: 22848668
references.citation: J Clin Oncol. 2009 Jul 10;27(20):3330-7
references.pmid: 19528371
references.citation: J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2004 Apr;63(4):275-86
references.pmid: 15099018
references.citation: Nat Rev Cancer. 2008 May;8(5):377-86
references.pmid: 18385683
references.citation: J Neurosurg. 2004 Aug;101(2):210-8
references.pmid: 15309910
references.citation: Int J Cancer. 2012 Nov 15;131(10):2320-31
references.pmid: 22362417
references.citation: J Leukoc Biol. 2002 Oct;72(4):711-7
references.pmid: 12377940
references.citation: Clin Cancer Res. 2011 Apr 15;17(8):2110-9
references.pmid: 21372215
references.citation: Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2008 Aug 1;71(5):1388-93
references.pmid: 18294779
references.citation: Am J Surg Pathol. 1997 Dec;21(12):1455-65
references.pmid: 9414189
references.citation: J Neurosurg. 2007 Jun;106(6):1034-40
references.pmid: 17564176
references.citation: J Clin Neurosci. 2001 May;8 Suppl 1:49-53
references.pmid: 11386826
references.citation: J Immunol. 2007 Jun 15;178(12):8183-94
references.pmid: 17548657
references.citation: J Neurooncol. 2012 Aug;109(1):187-93
references.pmid: 22544653
references.citation: Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1999 Mar 5;256(1):110-3
references.pmid: 10066432
references.citation: Clin Exp Metastasis. 1998 May;16(4):299-312
references.pmid: 9626809
references.citation: J Neurooncol. 2012 Aug;109(1):63-70
references.pmid: 22535433
references.citation: J Neurooncol. 2010 Jan;96(2):211-7
references.pmid: 19562255
references.citation: Int J Cancer. 2008 Aug 15;123(4):780-6
references.pmid: 18506688
references.citation: Inflamm Res. 2002 Mar;51(3):119-28
references.pmid: 12005202
references.citation: Neuro Oncol. 2009 Dec;11(6):853-60
references.pmid: 19293394
references.citation: Blood. 2009 Jan 22;113(4):887-92
references.pmid: 18849484
references.citation: Cancer Res. 2004 Nov 1;64(21):7801-12
references.pmid: 15520186
references.citation: Urology. 2007 Jun;69(6):1210-5
references.pmid: 17572226
references.citation: Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1974;230:212-8
references.pmid: 4522870
references.citation: Radiat Oncol. 2010 May 30;5:46
references.pmid: 20509969
references.citation: Cancer Biol Ther. 2012 Apr;13(6):389-400
references.pmid: 22313638
references.citation: J Oral Pathol Med. 2012 Jul;41(6):444-51
references.pmid: 22296275
references.citation: J Neurooncol. 2005 Jul;73(3):219-23
references.pmid: 15980972
references.citation: J Neurooncol. 2004 Jun;68(2):131-40
references.pmid: 15218949
references.citation: J Neurooncol. 2012 Jan;106(2):409-15
references.pmid: 21938530
references.citation: Nature. 2001 Jan 11;409(6817):198-201
references.pmid: 11196644
references.citation: Surg Today. 2009;39(11):990-3
references.pmid: 19882323
references.citation: Exp Cell Biol. 1987;55(6):295-304
references.pmid: 3450546
references.citation: J Neurooncol. 2005 Jun;73(2):125-30
references.pmid: 15981101