title: Pancreatitis potentially associated drugs as a risk factor for post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis: a prospective cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess the role of known risk factors and specifically evaluate the role of pancreatitis potentially associated drugs as potential risk factors for post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis (PEP).
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective, single-center cohort study conducted in a tertiary university hospital. All eligible ERCP procedures within a 16-month period were evaluated, and all interventions, patient characteristics, and medications used were documented. The association of potential risk factor with PEP was investigated with univariable analyses. Those statistically significant were entered in a multivariable regression model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three hundred eighteen ERCP procedures were studied. Post-ERCP pancreatitis occurred in 28 patients (8.8%). Twenty-three potential risk factors were studied in univariable analyses, and 3 of them were found to be nominally statistically significant. These 3 factors were independently associated with PEP in the multivariable model and included the use of pancreatitis potentially associated drugs, belonging to Badalov classes I or II, during the last month before ERCP (odds ratio [OR], 4.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.70-5.47; P = 0.003), more than 1 guide-wire insertions in the pancreatic duct (OR, 5.00; 95% CI, 1.97-12.81; P = 0.001) and bile duct stone extraction (OR, 0.12; CI, 0.05-0.32; P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pancreatitis potentially associated drugs used before ERCP seem to increase the risk for PEP.
authors.affiliation: 1st Division of Internal Medicine and Hepato-Gastroenterology Unit, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
authors.forename: Dimitrios E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Sigounas
authors.forename: Dimitrios K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Christodoulou
authors.forename: Athina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tatsioni
authors.forename: Konstantinos H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Katsanos
authors.forename: Gerasimos
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Baltayiannis
authors.forename: Aggelos
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kappas
authors.forename: John P A
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Ioannidis
authors.forename: Epameinondas V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Tsianos
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010179:Pancreas / Q000187:drug effects; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000209:etiology*; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000145:classification; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations