title: The genome of the platyfish, Xiphophorus maculatus, provides insights into evolutionary adaptation and several complex traits.
abstract: Several attributes intuitively considered to be typical mammalian features, such as complex behavior, live birth and malignant disease such as cancer, also appeared several times independently in lower vertebrates. The genetic mechanisms underlying the evolution of these elaborate traits are poorly understood. The platyfish, X. maculatus, offers a unique model to better understand the molecular biology of such traits. We report here the sequencing of the platyfish genome. Integrating genome assembly with extensive genetic maps identified an unexpected evolutionary stability of chromosomes in fish, in contrast to in mammals. Genes associated with viviparity show signatures of positive selection, identifying new putative functional domains and rare cases of parallel evolution. We also find that genes implicated in cognition show an unexpectedly high rate of duplicate gene retention after the teleost genome duplication event, suggesting a hypothesis for the evolution of the behavioral complexity in fish, which exceeds that found in amphibians and reptiles.
authors.affiliation: Physiological Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Biozentrum, Am Hubland, Würzburg, Germany. phch1@biozentrum.uni-wuerzburg.de
authors.forename: Manfred
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schartl
authors.forename: Ronald B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Walter
authors.forename: Yingjia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Tzintzuni
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: Julian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Catchen
authors.forename: Angel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amores
authors.forename: Ingo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Braasch
authors.forename: Domitille
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chalopin
authors.forename: Jean-Nicolas
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Volff
authors.forename: Klaus-Peter
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Lesch
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bisazza
authors.forename: Pat
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Minx
authors.forename: LaDeana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hillier
authors.forename: Richard K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fuerstenberg
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Boore
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Searle
authors.forename: John H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Postlethwait
authors.forename: Wesley C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Warren
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D003532:Cyprinodontiformes / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D020440:Gene Duplication; D016678:Genome; D008540:Meiosis / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D012641:Selection, Genetic; D012730:Sex Chromosomes / Q000235:genetics*; D026801:Synteny; D052286:Viviparity, Nonmammalian
chemical_list: D029941:Fish Proteins
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