title: Alliaceous migraines.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report a migraineur with osmophobia and trigger to garlic and onion aroma.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  While odors serve as a trigger in 70% of migraineurs, alliaceous aromas have been described only rarely. Furthermore, nor has more than one type of alliaceous odor acted as a trigger in the same individual. Neither has migraine with aura been described as precipitated by such aromas. A patient experiencing migraines with aura, triggered almost exclusively by alliaceous aromas, is described.
  
  
  METHODS
  
  
  
  METHODS
  32-year-old woman; 5 years previously felt nasal pruritis upon eating a red onion dip. Shortly thereafter, the mere aroma of raw onions caused a sensation of her throat closing along with an associated panic attack. Over the intervening years, upon exposure to onions and garlic aroma she experienced a fortification spectra and visual entopia, followed by a bipareital, crushing level 10/10 headache, burning eyes and nose, lacrimation, perioral paresthesias, generalized pruritis, nausea, fatigue, sore throat, dysarthria, confusion, dyspnea, palpitations, presyncopal sensations, hand spasms, tongue soreness, neck pain, phonophobia, and photophobia. These would persist for 1 hour after leaving the aroma. She was unresponsive to medication and would wear a surgical mask when out. The patient also experienced chemosensory complaints: dysosmias every few months; phantosmias of food or cleaning products every month for a minute of level 5/10 intensity; pallinosmia of onion or garlic odor for 30 minutes after exposure; and metallic pallinugeusia after eating with metal utensils.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Neurological exam normal except for bilateral positive Hoffman reflexes.
  Quick Smell Identification Test 3/3 and Brief Smell Identification Test 12/12 were normal. Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography with and without contrast normal. Allergy skin test was positive for garlic and onion. Nose plug and counter stimulation with peppermint prevented the onset of headaches and associated symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first report of migraines with aura triggered by more than one alliaceous compound in the same individual. Possible mechanisms include odor induced, emotional change, vasomotor instability, trigeminal-induced neurogenic inflammation, and allergic response. In alliaceous and odor-induced migraines, a trial of counter stimulation and nose plugs is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Smell and Taste Treatment and Research Foundation, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Alexander P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Roussos
authors.forename: Alan R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Hirsch
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000490:Allium; D005260:Female; D005737:Garlic / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D036142:Mentha piperita; D020325:Migraine with Aura / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009812:Odorants; D019697:Onions / Q000009:adverse effects; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012021:Reflex, Abnormal / Q000502:physiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D010938:Plant Oils; C015424:peppermint oil
keywords: alliaceous; aroma; garlic; headache; migraine; onion