title: BRAHMA ATPase of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex acts as a positive regulator of gibberellin-mediated responses in arabidopsis.
abstract: SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes perform a pivotal function in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression. Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants in major SWI/SNF subunits display embryo-lethal or dwarf phenotypes, indicating their critical role in molecular pathways controlling development and growth. As gibberellins (GA) are major positive regulators of plant growth, we wanted to establish whether there is a link between SWI/SNF and GA signaling in Arabidopsis. This study revealed that in brm-1 plants, depleted in SWI/SNF BRAHMA (BRM) ATPase, a number of GA-related phenotypic traits are GA-sensitive and that the loss of BRM results in markedly decreased level of endogenous bioactive GA. Transcriptional profiling of brm-1 and the GA biosynthesis mutant ga1-3, as well as the ga1-3/brm-1 double mutant demonstrated that BRM affects the expression of a large set of GA-responsive genes including genes responsible for GA biosynthesis and signaling. Furthermore, we found that BRM acts as an activator and directly associates with promoters of GA3ox1, a GA biosynthetic gene, and SCL3, implicated in positive regulation of the GA pathway. Many GA-responsive gene expression alterations in the brm-1 mutant are likely due to depleted levels of active GAs. However, the analysis of genetic interactions between BRM and the DELLA GA pathway repressors, revealed that BRM also acts on GA-responsive genes independently of its effect on GA level. Given the central position occupied by SWI/SNF complexes within regulatory networks controlling fundamental biological processes, the identification of diverse functional intersections of BRM with GA-dependent processes in this study suggests a role for SWI/SNF in facilitating crosstalk between GA-mediated regulation and other cellular pathways.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Rafal
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Archacki
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Buszewicz
authors.forename: Tomasz J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Sarnowski
authors.forename: Elzbieta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sarnowska
authors.forename: Anna T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Rolicka
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tohge
authors.forename: Alisdair R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Fernie
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jikumaru
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kotlinski
authors.forename: Roksana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Iwanicka-Nowicka
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kalisiak
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Patryn
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Halibart-Puzio
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kamiya
authors.forename: Seth J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Marta K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Koblowska
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jerzmanowski
mesh_terms: D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020134:Catalytic Domain; D042002:Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects; D005875:Gibberellins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D058977:Molecular Sequence Annotation; D009154:Mutation; D010641:Phenotype; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000378:metabolism*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D019655:Quantitative Trait, Heritable; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D014230:Triazoles / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; D005875:Gibberellins; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; C445179:SWI-SNF-B chromatin-remodeling complex; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014230:Triazoles; C053370:paclobutrazol; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases; C514541:BRM protein, Arabidopsis
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