title: 23Na multiple quantum filtered NMR characterisation of Na+ binding and dynamics in animal cells: a comparative study and effect of Na+/Li + competition.
abstract: Double quantum and triple quantum filtered (23)Na nuclear magnetic resonance techniques were used to characterise in detail the isotropic and anisotropic binding and dynamics of intra- and extracellular Na(+) in different cellular systems, in the absence and presence of Li(+). The kinetics of Li(+) influx by different cell types was evaluated. At steady state, astrocytes accumulated more Li(+) than red blood cells (RBCs), while a higher intracellular Li(+) concentration was found in chromaffin than in SH-SY5Y cells. Anisotropic and isotropic motions were detected for extracellular Na(+) in all cellular systems studied. Isotropic intracellular Na(+) motions were observed in all types of cells, while anisotropic Na(+) motions in the intracellular compartment were only detected in RBCs. (23)Na triple quantum signal efficiency for intracellular Na(+) was SH-SY5Y > chromaffin > RBCs, while the reverse order was observed for the extracellular ions. (23)Na double quantum signal efficiency for intracellular Na(+) was non-zero only in RBCs, and for extracellular Na(+) the order RBCs > chromaffin > SH-SY5Y cells was observed. Li(+) loading generally decreased intracellular Na(+) isotropic movements in the cells, except for astrocytes incubated with a low Li(+) concentration and increased anisotropic intracellular Na(+) movements in RBCs. Li(+) effects on the extracellular signals were more complex, reflecting Li(+)/Na(+) competition for isotropic and anisotropic binding sites at the extracellular surface of cell membranes and also at the surface of the gel used for cell immobilisation. These results are relevant and contribute to the interpretation of the in vivo pharmacokinetics and sites of Li(+) action.
authors.affiliation: Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
authors.forename: Carla P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Fonseca
authors.forename: Luís L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Fonseca
authors.forename: Liliana P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Montezinho
authors.forename: Paula M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: M Margarida C A
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.forename: Carlos F G C
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Geraldes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001667:Binding, Competitive; D001692:Biological Transport; D002417:Cattle; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D019439:Chromaffin Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D005110:Extracellular Space / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D042541:Intracellular Space / Q000378:metabolism; D008094:Lithium / Q000378:metabolism*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D011789:Quantum Theory; D051381:Rats; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D008094:Lithium; D012964:Sodium
references.citation: Biochim Biophys Acta. 2004 May 3;1691(2-3):79-90
references.pmid: 15110989
references.citation: J Magn Reson. 1998 Mar;131(1):92-6
references.pmid: 9533910
references.citation: Cell Tissue Res. 1988 Apr;252(1):181-90
references.pmid: 3288347
references.citation: Magn Reson Med. 1997 Feb;37(2):192-6
references.pmid: 9001142
references.citation: J Magn Reson B. 1994 Jan;103(1):19-29
references.pmid: 8137068
references.citation: Magn Reson Med. 1992 Sep;27(1):1-12
references.pmid: 1435196
references.citation: Biophys Chem. 1998 Jul 13;73(1-2):137-43
references.pmid: 9697302
references.citation: Magn Reson Med. 1999 Jan;41(1):30-4
references.pmid: 10025608
references.citation: J Magn Reson B. 1996 Jan;110(1):16-25
references.pmid: 8556235
references.citation: J Magn Reson Imaging. 1998 Sep-Oct;8(5):1182-9
references.pmid: 9786160
references.citation: Magn Reson Med. 1994 Nov;32(5):556-64
references.pmid: 7808256
references.citation: J Gen Physiol. 1968 Nov;52(5):825-53
references.pmid: 5688085
references.citation: J Magn Reson B. 1995 Aug;108(2):165-9
references.pmid: 7648014
references.citation: J Chem Phys. 2007 Feb 14;126(6):064502
references.pmid: 17313224
references.citation: Magn Reson Med. 1997 Aug;38(2):207-14
references.pmid: 9256099
references.citation: J Magn Reson. 1999 Sep;140(1):206-17
references.pmid: 10479564
references.citation: Magn Reson Med. 2002 Jan;47(1):68-74
references.pmid: 11754444
references.citation: FASEB J. 1988 Jul;2(10):2596-604
references.pmid: 3384239
references.citation: Magn Reson Med. 1991 Mar;18(1):80-92
references.pmid: 2062244
references.citation: Magn Reson Med. 1993 Mar;29(3):391-5
references.pmid: 8450748
references.citation: Biophys J. 1993 Apr;64(4):1273-9
references.pmid: 8494983
references.citation: Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand). 1997 Jul;43(5):645-57
references.pmid: 9298588
references.citation: J Magn Reson. 2008 Nov;195(1):112-5
references.pmid: 18774321
references.citation: J Magn Reson B. 1994 Oct;105(2):199-203
references.pmid: 7952936
references.citation: Magn Reson Med. 1998 Apr;39(4):557-63
references.pmid: 9543417
references.citation: Magn Reson Med. 2008 Aug;60(2):246-52
references.pmid: 18666105
references.citation: J Cell Biol. 1980 Jun;85(3):890-902
references.pmid: 6248568
references.citation: Magn Reson Med. 1996 Mar;35(3):336-45
references.pmid: 8699945
references.citation: J Histochem Cytochem. 1986 Apr;34(4):517-25
references.pmid: 3512700
references.citation: Biophys J. 1988 Aug;54(2):241-7
references.pmid: 3207824
references.citation: J Neurochem. 1994 Dec;63(6):2202-9
references.pmid: 7964740
references.citation: Magn Reson Med. 1993 Jan;29(1):130-3
references.pmid: 8419734
references.citation: J Gen Physiol. 1964 Sep;48:79-94
references.pmid: 14212152
references.citation: Magn Reson Med. 1991 Aug;20(2):240-52
references.pmid: 1775050
references.citation: Med Phys. 1978 Sep-Oct;5(5):418-21
references.pmid: 713975
references.citation: J Histochem Cytochem. 1991 Nov;39(11):1485-93
references.pmid: 1833445
references.citation: Biochim Biophys Acta. 1993 Oct 3;1158(2):155-65
references.pmid: 8399316
references.citation: Magn Reson Med. 1997 Nov;38(5):821-7
references.pmid: 9358457
references.citation: NMR Biomed. 1990 Jun;3(3):139-46
references.pmid: 2386661
references.citation: Magn Reson Med. 2007 Jan;57(1):201-5
references.pmid: 17191243
references.citation: J Magn Reson Imaging. 2002 Mar;15(3):315-23
references.pmid: 11891977
references.citation: J Neurochem. 1998 Oct;71(4):1676-84
references.pmid: 9751202
references.citation: Biophys J. 1994 Jul;67(1):369-76
references.pmid: 7919009
references.citation: Dev Neurosci. 1996;18(5-6):478-83
references.pmid: 8940621
references.citation: J Magn Reson Imaging. 1999 Mar;9(3):391-4
references.pmid: 10194708
references.citation: NMR Biomed. 1994 Jun;7(4):157-66
references.pmid: 7946993
references.citation: J Magn Reson. 2001 Sep;152(1):70-8
references.pmid: 11531365
references.citation: Am J Physiol. 1994 Dec;267(6 Pt 1):C1507-24
references.pmid: 7810592
references.citation: Biochimie. 1992 Sep-Oct;74(9-10):777-83
references.pmid: 1467337
references.citation: Annu Rev Biophys Biophys Chem. 1987;16:375-99
references.pmid: 3297089
references.citation: Biochem Pharmacol. 2003 Nov 15;66(10):1915-24
references.pmid: 14599549
references.citation: Met Based Drugs. 2002;9(1-2):69-80
references.pmid: 18475427
references.citation: NMR Biomed. 2001 Apr;14(2):112-32
references.pmid: 11320537
references.citation: Cancer Res. 2001 Mar 1;61(5):2002-7
references.pmid: 11280759
references.citation: Magn Reson Med. 1998 Sep;40(3):370-5
references.pmid: 9727939
references.citation: Magn Reson Med. 1995 Jan;33(1):134-9
references.pmid: 7891528
references.citation: Biochemistry. 1990 Jan 23;29(3):599-603
references.pmid: 2337585