title: Serum osteocalcin levels are inversely associated with abdominal aortic calcification in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: We found that serum osteocalcin (OC) and undercarboxylated OC (ucOC) levels were negatively associated with abdominal aortic calcification in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) men. This finding suggests that circulating OC and ucOC are not only related to glucose or fat metabolism but also to arteriosclerosis.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Recent studies revealed that serum osteocalcin levels were associated with not only bone metabolism but also glucose and fat metabolism. However, the relationship between serum OC levels and arteriosclerosis remains controversial. We examined whether or not bone metabolic markers including OC are associated with abdominal aortic calcification in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  METHODS
  We recruited 118 men and 100 postmenopausal women with T2DM. We evaluated the abdominal aortic calcification score (ACS) on a lateral lumbar radiograph and examined the association between serum OC or undercarboxylated OC levels and ACS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ACS of 3 and greater, which corresponded well to the highest quartile, was significantly and negatively associated with serum OC and ucOC levels in men by logistic regression analyses after adjusting for age, BMI, serum levels of creatinine and LDL cholesterol, radial bone mineral density, smoking, duration of DM, hemoglobin A1c, and the index of insulin resistance [odds ratio (OR) 0.36, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.19-0.70, P < 0.005, and OR 0.28, 95 % CI 0.12-0.69, P < 0.01, per standard deviation increase in OC and ucOC, respectively]. These observations were still significant after an additional adjustment for other bone markers. In contrast, there were no significant relationships with serum OC or ucOC levels and ACS in women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that serum OC and ucOC levels are associated with not only bone metabolism but also arteriosclerosis in men, but not in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine 1, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan. noriko.o@med.shimane-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ogawa-Furuya
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kanazawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugimoto
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001012:Aorta, Abdominal; D001018:Aortic Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000097:blood*; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D061205:Vascular Calcification / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D015675:Osteocalcin
references.citation: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009 Jan;94(1):45-9
references.pmid: 18984661
references.citation: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009 Mar;94(3):827-32
references.pmid: 19088165
references.citation: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009 Aug;94(8):3031-7
references.pmid: 19470634
references.citation: Am J Cardiol. 2004 Jul 15;94(2):266-9
references.pmid: 15246921
references.citation: Osteoporos Int. 2013 Mar;24(3):1115-9
references.pmid: 22669468
references.citation: Eur J Intern Med. 2011 Dec;22(6):e133-6
references.pmid: 22075298
references.citation: Osteoporos Int. 2004 May;15(5):389-95
references.pmid: 14661073
references.citation: Osteoporos Int. 2011 Jan;22(1):187-94
references.pmid: 20165834
references.citation: Circulation. 2001 Mar 20;103(11):1529-34
references.pmid: 11257080
references.citation: J Bone Miner Res. 2009 May;24(5):785-91
references.pmid: 19063687
references.citation: Diabetologia. 1985 Jul;28(7):412-9
references.pmid: 3899825
references.citation: Connect Tissue Res. 1989;21(1-4):51-7; discussion 57-60
references.pmid: 2691199
references.citation: Cell. 2011 Mar 4;144(5):796-809
references.pmid: 21333348
references.citation: Physiol Rev. 1989 Jul;69(3):990-1047
references.pmid: 2664828
references.citation: Cell. 2007 Aug 10;130(3):456-69
references.pmid: 17693256
references.citation: Clin Calcium. 2007 Nov;17(11):1702-8
references.pmid: 17982190
references.citation: Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2011 Aug;75(2):196-201
references.pmid: 21521333
references.citation: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009 Jan;94(1):237-45
references.pmid: 18854399
references.citation: Cell Calcium. 2008 Aug;44(2):210-9
references.pmid: 18221783
references.citation: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997 Sep;82(9):2915-20
references.pmid: 9284719
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Apr;77(4):2234-8
references.pmid: 6966406
references.citation: Clin Chem. 1972 Jun;18(6):499-502
references.pmid: 4337382
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 1998 Jul 23;339(4):229-34
references.pmid: 9673301
references.citation: Cell. 2010 Jul 23;142(2):309-19
references.pmid: 20655471
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 1999 Jan 7;340(1):14-22
references.pmid: 9878640
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Apr 1;105(13):5266-70
references.pmid: 18362359
references.citation: J Bone Miner Res. 1995 Jul;10(7):1050-6
references.pmid: 7484280
references.citation: Atherosclerosis. 2011 Feb;214(2):436-41
references.pmid: 21035803
references.citation: Diabetes. 1996 Jul;45 Suppl 3:S14-6
references.pmid: 8674881
references.citation: Am J Cardiol. 2010 Nov 15;106(10):1461-5
references.pmid: 21059437
references.citation: Ann Med. 2010 Oct;42(7):539-45
references.pmid: 20839917
references.citation: Calcif Tissue Int. 2010 Mar;86(3):185-91
references.pmid: 20094707
references.citation: J Intern Med. 2006 Jun;259(6):576-82
references.pmid: 16704558
references.citation: Circulation. 2010 Feb 2;121(4):505-11
references.pmid: 20083680
references.citation: Atherosclerosis. 1997 Jul 25;132(2):245-50
references.pmid: 9242971
references.citation: Cell. 2010 Jul 23;142(2):296-308
references.pmid: 20655470
references.citation: Stroke. 1999 Apr;30(4):841-50
references.pmid: 10187889