title: Cyclic siloxanes in air, including identification of high levels in Chicago and distinct diurnal variation.
abstract: The organosilicon compounds octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5), and dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D6) are high production volume chemicals that are widely used in household goods and personal care products. Due to their prevalence and chemical characteristics, cyclic siloxanes are being assessed as possible persistent organic pollutants. D4, D5, and D6 were measured in indoor and outdoor air to quantify and compare siloxane concentrations and compound ratios depending on location type. Indoor air samples had a median concentration of 2200 ng m(-3) for the sum of D4, D5, and D6. Outdoor sampling locations included downtown Chicago, Cedar Rapids, IA, and West Branch, IA, and had median sum siloxane levels of 280, 73, and 29 ng m(-3) respectively. A diurnal trend is apparent in the samples taken in downtown Chicago. Nighttime samples had a median 2.7 times higher on average than daytime samples, which is due, in part, to the fluctuations of the planetary boundary layer. D5 was the dominant siloxane in both indoor and outdoor air. Ratios of D5 to D4 averaged 91 and 3.2 for indoor and outdoor air respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, IIHR-Hydroscience and Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
authors.forename: Rachel A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Yucuis
authors.forename: Charles O
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Stanier
authors.forename: Keri C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Hornbuckle
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000032:analysis*; D002641:Chicago; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D007484:Iowa; D011156:Population Density; D012833:Siloxanes / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D012833:Siloxanes; C114768:decamethylcyclopentasiloxane; C024064:octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane; C542115:dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane
keywords: Chicago; Cyclic siloxane; D4, D5, and D6; Indoor air; Personal care products
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