title: Cardioprotective effect of Saraca indica against cyclophosphamide induced cardiotoxicity in rats: a biochemical, electrocardiographic and histopathological study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cardioprotective activity of alcoholic extract of Saraca indica (SI) bark was investigated against cyclophosphamide induced cardiotoxicity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cardiotoxicity was induced in Wistar rats by administering cyclophosphamide (200 mg/kg, i.p.) single injection on first day of experimental period. Saraca indica (200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) was administered immediately after administration of cyclophosphamide on first day and daily for 10 days. The general observations and mortality were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cyclophosphamide administration significantly (p < 0.05) increased lipid peroxidation (LPO) and decreased the levels of antioxidant markers such as reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Cyclophosphamide elevated the levels of biomarker enzymes like creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase isoenzyme MB (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Further, the cyclophosphamide treated rats showed changes in electrocardiogram (ECG) along with increased levels of cholesterol and triglycerides. Treatment with Saraca indica significantly (p < 0.05) reversed the status of cardiac biomarkers, ECG, oxidative enzymes and lipid profile in cyclophosphamide induced cardiotoxicity. Potential cardioprotective effect of Saraca indica was supported by histopathological examination that reduced severity of cellular damage of the myocardium.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The biochemical, ECG and histopathology reports support the cardioprotective effect of Saraca indica which could be attributed to antioxidant activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, KLE University's College of Pharmacy, Hubli - 580 031, India.
authors.forename: A H M
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Viswanatha Swamy
authors.forename: U M
authors.initials: UM
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Koti
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Gadad
authors.forename: N L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: A H M
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Thippeswamy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000633:toxicity; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000187:drug effects; D007887:Fabaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects*; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D010088:Oxidoreductases
keywords: Cardioprotective; ECG; Saraca indica Linn; cyclophosphamide; free radicals
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