title: Epigenetic reprogramming in cancer.
abstract: The demonstration of induced pluripotency and direct lineage conversion has led to remarkable insights regarding the roles of transcription factors and chromatin regulators in mediating cell state transitions. Beyond its considerable implications for regenerative medicine, this body of work is highly relevant to multiple stages of oncogenesis, from the initial cellular transformation to the hierarchical organization of established malignancies. Here, we review conceptual parallels between the respective biological phenomena, highlighting important interrelationships among transcription factors, chromatin regulators, and preexisting epigenetic states. The shared mechanisms provide insights into oncogenic transformation, tumor heterogeneity, and cancer stem cell models.
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
authors.forename: Mario L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Suvà
authors.forename: Nicolo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Riggi
authors.forename: Bradley E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Bernstein
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics*; D065150:Cellular Reprogramming / Q000235:genetics*; D002843:Chromatin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019175:DNA Methylation; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D039904:Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000473:pathology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; D014157:Transcription Factors
references.citation: Cell. 2010 Jun 11;141(6):943-55
references.pmid: 20550931
references.citation: Nature. 2012 Jul 12;487(7406):239-43
references.pmid: 22722839
references.citation: Cell. 2012 Mar 30;149(1):22-35
references.pmid: 22464321
references.citation: Nat Med. 2012 Feb 06;18(2):298-301
references.pmid: 22237151
references.citation: Science. 2011 Jan 28;331(6016):435-9
references.pmid: 21163964
references.citation: Cell. 2012 Sep 28;151(1):68-79
references.pmid: 23021216
references.citation: Nat Rev Cancer. 2011 Sep 23;11(10):726-34
references.pmid: 21941284
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 2010 Oct 14;363(16):1532-43
references.pmid: 20942669
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2011 Sep 23;286(38):33061-9
references.pmid: 21757686
references.citation: Stem Cells. 2012 Oct;30(10):2076-87
references.pmid: 22851508
references.citation: Cell. 2012 Jul 6;150(1):12-27
references.pmid: 22770212
references.citation: Nat Biotechnol. 2011 Oct;29(10):892-907
references.pmid: 21997635
references.citation: Science. 2010 Oct 29;330(6004):612-6
references.pmid: 21030644
references.citation: Oncogene. 2011 Sep 8;30(36):3833-45
references.pmid: 21499299
references.citation: EMBO J. 2010 Aug 4;29(15):2659-74
references.pmid: 20581802
references.citation: Nat Genet. 2012 Oct;44(10):1111-6
references.pmid: 22941189
references.citation: Cell. 2012 Nov 21;151(5):929-31
references.pmid: 23178114
references.citation: Cancer Cell. 2012 Apr 17;21(4):473-87
references.pmid: 22464800
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 2010 Dec 16;363(25):2424-33
references.pmid: 21067377
references.citation: Nat Cell Biol. 2012 Apr 22;14(5):457-66
references.pmid: 22522173
references.citation: Cell Res. 2013 Jan;23(1):33-48
references.pmid: 23277278
references.citation: Cell Stem Cell. 2010 Sep 3;7(3):299-313
references.pmid: 20804967
references.citation: Science. 2012 Jun 22;336(6088):1549-54
references.pmid: 22723415
references.citation: Blood. 2011 Apr 7;117(14):3869-80
references.pmid: 21310926
references.citation: Cell. 2011 Apr 15;145(2):183-97
references.pmid: 21477851
references.citation: Cell. 1987 Dec 24;51(6):987-1000
references.pmid: 3690668
references.citation: Nat Rev Cancer. 2006 Jan;6(1):11-23
references.pmid: 16372018
references.citation: Cell Stem Cell. 2012 Jun 14;10(6):678-684
references.pmid: 22704507
references.citation: Nature. 2012 Mar 04;483(7391):598-602
references.pmid: 22388813
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Dec 7;107(49):20980-5
references.pmid: 21078963
references.citation: Nat Genet. 2013 Jan;45(1):34-42
references.pmid: 23202127
references.citation: Oncogene. 2010 Jan 28;29(4):576-88
references.pmid: 19881540
references.citation: Nat Genet. 2009 May;41(5):521-3
references.pmid: 19330029
references.citation: Cell. 2012 Sep 28;151(1):56-67
references.pmid: 23021215
references.citation: Cell. 2012 Nov 21;151(5):994-1004
references.pmid: 23159369
references.citation: Cell Stem Cell. 2011 Jan 7;8(1):96-105
references.pmid: 21211784
references.citation: Oncogene. 2004 May 24;23(24):4225-31
references.pmid: 15156177
references.citation: Cell Stem Cell. 2011 Jul 8;9(1):50-63
references.pmid: 21726833
references.citation: Nature. 2012 Aug 2;488(7409):43-8
references.pmid: 22722829
references.citation: Genes Dev. 2011 Apr 15;25(8):781-8
references.pmid: 21498567
references.citation: Epigenomics. 2011 Dec;3(6):667-70
references.pmid: 22126283
references.citation: Cancer Cell. 2003 Nov;4(5):361-70
references.pmid: 14667503
references.citation: Nature. 2012 Sep 6;489(7414):57-74
references.pmid: 22955616
references.citation: Nat Rev Cancer. 2012 Jan 12;12(2):133-43
references.pmid: 22237392
references.citation: Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2011 Jul 03;18(8):867-74
references.pmid: 21725293
references.citation: Nature. 2012 Aug 16;488(7411):409-13
references.pmid: 22801502
references.citation: Cell. 2001 Nov 2;107(3):323-37
references.pmid: 11701123
references.citation: Mol Cell. 2011 Nov 18;44(4):609-20
references.pmid: 22099308
references.citation: Science. 2010 Oct 8;330(6001):228-31
references.pmid: 20826764
references.citation: Nat Genet. 2009 Nov;41(11):1238-42
references.pmid: 19801978
references.citation: Cell. 2009 Aug 21;138(4):660-72
references.pmid: 19703393
references.citation: Cell. 2011 Jun 10;145(6):835-50
references.pmid: 21663790
references.citation: Blood. 2011 Jan 6;117(1):211-20
references.pmid: 20974671
references.citation: Cell Stem Cell. 2013 Jan 3;12(1):15-30
references.pmid: 23290134
references.citation: Nature. 2011 Mar 24;471(7339):513-7
references.pmid: 21430779
references.citation: Genes Dev. 2010 May;24(9):916-32
references.pmid: 20382729
references.citation: Cell. 2010 Nov 12;143(4):508-25
references.pmid: 21074044
references.citation: Nat Genet. 2010 Feb;42(2):181-5
references.pmid: 20081860
references.citation: Cell. 2010 Feb 19;140(4):445-9
references.pmid: 20178735
references.citation: Nature. 2008 Jul 3;454(7200):49-55
references.pmid: 18509334
references.citation: Nat Rev Genet. 2011 Jan;12(1):7-18
references.pmid: 21116306
references.citation: Science. 2007 Dec 21;318(5858):1917-20
references.pmid: 18029452
references.citation: Nature. 2012 Jan 11;481(7380):157-63
references.pmid: 22237106
references.citation: Cell. 2013 Jan 31;152(3):642-54
references.pmid: 23333102