title: Impact of micronised purified flavonoid fraction on increased malondialdehyde and decreased metalloproteinase-2 and metalloproteinase-9 levels in varicocele: outcome of an experimentally induced varicocele.
abstract: To analyse the levels of an indirect marker of ROS-induced lipid peroxidation [i.e. malondialdehyde (MDA)] in both testes and the levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor-1 (TIMP-1) in the left testis after induction of varicocele and investigated the impact of micronised purified flavonoid fraction (MPFF) on these markers. Forty-nine adolescent (6-week-old) male Wistar rats were included in this study. The rats were divided into seven groups as follows:Group-1, control; Group-2, sham; Group-3, left varicocele-induced; Group-4, varicocele + varicocelectomy + MPFF-treated (for 4 weeks); Group-5, varicocele + MPFF-treated (for 8 weeks); Group-6, varicocele-induced and 4 weeks later, MPFF-treated (for 4 weeks); and Group-7, varicocele + varicocelectomy. MDA was measured in the tissues of both testes using the thiobarbituric acid reactivity method. The ELISA method was used for the quantification of MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in the left testicular tissue. The levels of MDA were significantly higher in the varicocele group than in the other groups. The MDA levels in the left testicular tissues of Group-7 were significantly higher than those of Group 4 (P = 0.03). In the varicocele group, the MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels decreased, whereas the levels of TIMP-1 increased. The tissue levels of MMP-2 in Groups 4, 5 and 7 were significantly higher than those in Group 1 (P < 0.05).
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dogan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Armagan
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oksay
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akman
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Aylak
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004145:Diosmin / Q000494:pharmacology; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006569:Hesperidin / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism*; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013737:Testis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D014646:Varicocele / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D004145:Diosmin; D006569:Hesperidin; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9
keywords: Malondialdehyde; matrix metalloproteinase; micronised purified flavonoid fraction; varicocele