title: Study of environmental risks incurred by leakage of lithium cells to the food chain in a freshwater ecosystem.
abstract: Water flea (Daphnia magna) and fish (Carassius auratus) at trophic level were used for comprehensive evaluation of environmental risks incurred by manufactured nanomaterial (nNi(OH)2) as leaked from lithium cells to the food chain in freshwater ecosystem. The 48, 72 and 96 h acute toxicities of water suspensions of nNi(OH)2 to the flea and the fish were tested, using the immobilization and the mortality as toxicological endpoints. The results showed that the water flea was more highly sensitive to nNi(OH)2 than the fish. Then, the fish were exposed to 1.0 mg/L nNi(OH)2 for 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72 and 96 h, and the relationship between the concentrations in the water and the fish were described by a bioconcentration factor (BCF). After calculation, lgBCF is 1.61. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was studied after fish were exposed to 1.0 mg/L water suspensions of nNi(OH)2 for 24 h. As proved by electron paramagnetic resonance, nNi(OH)2 may induce the generation of hydroxyl radical in the fish, and nNi(OH)2 as concentrated in the fish may incur redox reaction and produce redox metabolic intermediates. As one of the important toxic mechanisms of nNi(OH)2 to the fish, the oxidative stress mechanism requires further study.
authors.affiliation: Department of City Science, The City Vocational College of Jiangsu, 832 Yingtian Road, Nanjing 210017, China. 77946664@qq.com
authors.forename: Dai
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhao-Xia
authors.forename: Yin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ying
authors.forename: Guo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hong-Yan
authors.forename: Wang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shi-He
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003621:Daphnia; D020387:Food Chain; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000032:analysis; D006054:Goldfish / Q000378:metabolism; D006878:Hydroxides / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D008094:Lithium; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity*; D009532:Nickel / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D018570:Risk Assessment; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D006878:Hydroxides; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C037473:nickel hydroxide; D009532:Nickel; D008094:Lithium