title: Shape beyond recognition: form-derived directionality and its effects on visual attention and motion perception.
abstract: The shape of an object restricts its movements and therefore its future location. The rules governing selective sampling of the environment likely incorporate any available data, including shape, that provide information about where important things are going to be in the near future so that the object can be located, tracked, and sampled for information. We asked people to assess in which direction several novel objects pointed or directed them. With independent groups of people, we investigated whether their attention and sense of motion were systematically biased in this direction. Our work shows that nearly any novel object has intrinsic directionality derived from its shape. This shape information is swiftly and automatically incorporated into the allocation of overt and covert visual orienting and the detection of motion, processes that themselves are inherently directional. The observed connection between form and space suggests that shape processing goes beyond recognition alone and may help explain why shape is a relevant dimension throughout the visual brain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience.
authors.forename: Heida M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Sigurdardottir
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience.
authors.forename: Suzanne M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Michalak
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience.
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Sheinberg
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention; D005260:Female; D005556:Form Perception; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009039:Motion Perception; D009949:Orientation; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D055815:Young Adult
references.citation: Percept Psychophys. 2008 Jan;70(1):77-87
references.pmid: 18306962
references.citation: Spat Vis. 1999;12(2):211-25
references.pmid: 10221428
references.citation: J Neurophysiol. 1972 Jan;35(1):96-111
references.pmid: 4621506
references.citation: Nature. 1996 Aug 8;382(6591):539-41
references.pmid: 8700227
references.citation: IEEE Trans Image Process. 2009 Jan;18(1):125-39
references.pmid: 19095524
references.citation: Vision Res. 1993 May;33(7):993-9
references.pmid: 8506641
references.citation: Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1998 Aug 29;353(1373):1363-73
references.pmid: 9770229
references.citation: J Neurophysiol. 2006 Feb;95(2):1078-98
references.pmid: 16221750
references.citation: J Neurophysiol. 1991 Jul;66(1):170-89
references.pmid: 1919665
references.citation: Nat Rev Neurosci. 2001 Mar;2(3):194-203
references.pmid: 11256080
references.citation: J Cogn Neurosci. 2000 Jan;12(1):48-55
references.pmid: 10769305
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2002 Oct 1;22(19):8661-4
references.pmid: 12351740
references.citation: Vision Res. 1995 Jun;35(11):1611-8
references.pmid: 7667918
references.citation: Cognition. 2008 Aug;108(2):590-9
references.pmid: 18514179
references.citation: Nat Neurosci. 2003 Jun;6(6):616-23
references.pmid: 12730699
references.citation: Neuropsychologia. 2002;40(7):917-30
references.pmid: 11900744
references.citation: Annu Rev Neurosci. 2010;33:269-98
references.pmid: 20345247
references.citation: Neuron. 1997 Jun;18(6):865-72
references.pmid: 9208854
references.citation: Brain Res. 2008 Aug 15;1225:76-85
references.pmid: 18538748
references.citation: Atten Percept Psychophys. 2010 Jul;72(5):1244-50
references.pmid: 20601705
references.citation: Cogn Psychol. 1989 Apr;21(2):233-82
references.pmid: 2706928
references.citation: Acta Psychol (Amst). 1999 Sep;102(2-3):221-45
references.pmid: 10504882
references.citation: Vision Res. 2002 Nov;42(25):2781-97
references.pmid: 12450497
references.citation: Cogn Neuropsychol. 2008 Oct-Dec;25(7-8):891-919
references.pmid: 18608333
references.citation: Nature. 1998 Oct 1;395(6701):500-3
references.pmid: 9774105
references.citation: Psychon Bull Rev. 2006 Oct;13(5):820-5
references.pmid: 17328379
references.citation: Vision Res. 2005 Oct;45(21):2728-39
references.pmid: 16038960
references.citation: Cognition. 1998 Jul;67(1-2):1-20
references.pmid: 9735534
references.citation: Vision Res. 1998 Aug;38(15-16):2323-33
references.pmid: 9798002
references.citation: J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2006 Oct;32(5):1107-19
references.pmid: 17002525
references.citation: Science. 1992 Sep 11;257(5076):1563-5
references.pmid: 1523411
references.citation: J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 1987 Jul;13(3):368-79
references.pmid: 2956353
references.citation: Annu Rev Neurosci. 2004;27:649-77
references.pmid: 15217346
references.citation: Vision Res. 2011 Apr 22;51(8):836-52
references.pmid: 20965208
references.citation: Percept Mot Skills. 1964 Feb;18:11-20
references.pmid: 14116323
references.citation: Spat Vis. 2000;13(4):393-401
references.pmid: 11310533
references.citation: Curr Biol. 2000 Jan 13;10(1):16-22
references.pmid: 10660297
references.citation: Nat Neurosci. 2003 Jun;6(6):555-6
references.pmid: 12754517
references.citation: Nature. 2002 May 9;417(6885):138-9
references.pmid: 12000950
references.citation: J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2011 Apr;37(2):580-7
references.pmid: 21463088
references.citation: Trends Neurosci. 1992 Jan;15(1):20-5
references.pmid: 1374953
references.citation: Neuron. 2002 Feb 14;33(4):635-52
references.pmid: 11856536
references.citation: Can J Psychol. 1984 Mar;38(1):80-93
references.pmid: 6713297
references.citation: Annu Rev Neurosci. 2010;33:1-21
references.pmid: 20192813
references.citation: Nat Neurosci. 2008 Feb;11(2):224-31
references.pmid: 18193041
references.citation: J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2000 Apr;26(2):834-46
references.pmid: 10811179
references.citation: Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2007 Sep 29;362(1485):1585-99
references.pmid: 17428779
references.citation: Nat Neurosci. 1998 Aug;1(4):275-7
references.pmid: 10195159
references.citation: Nat Neurosci. 2003 Apr;6(4):421-7
references.pmid: 12640459
references.citation: Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). 2007 Feb;60(2):241-61
references.pmid: 17455057
references.citation: Percept Psychophys. 2002 Feb;64(2):244-65
references.pmid: 12013379
references.citation: Psychol Sci. 2001 Sep;12(5):360-5
references.pmid: 11554667
references.citation: J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 1989 Aug;15(3):448-56
references.pmid: 2527954
references.citation: Cereb Cortex. 1995 Sep-Oct;5(5):429-38
references.pmid: 8547789
references.citation: J Neurophysiol. 2000 May;83(5):2580-601
references.pmid: 10805659
references.citation: Vision Res. 1999 Jun;39(12):2075-86
references.pmid: 10343791
references.citation: Perception. 2008;37(5):747-64
references.pmid: 18605148
references.citation: Brain Res Bull. 1996;40(5-6):497-502; discussion 502-3
references.pmid: 8886380
references.citation: Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1992 Sep 29;337(1281):331-8; discussion 338-9
references.pmid: 1359587
references.citation: Perception. 1999;28(5):575-99
references.pmid: 10664755
references.citation: Nature. 1999 Jul 1;400(6739):65-9
references.pmid: 10403249
references.citation: J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2010 Aug;36(4):812-24
references.pmid: 20695701
references.citation: Trends Cogn Sci. 2008 Jun;12(6):230-6
references.pmid: 18468943
references.citation: Proc Biol Sci. 2002 Jun 22;269(1497):1225-32
references.pmid: 12065038
references.citation: Science. 1971 Feb 19;171(3972):701-3
references.pmid: 5540314
references.citation: J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 1994 Jul;20(4):968-76
references.pmid: 8064255
references.citation: J Cogn Neurosci. 2008 Jan;20(1):1-19
references.pmid: 17919082
references.citation: Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci. 2003 Dec;3(4):309-22
references.pmid: 15040551
references.citation: J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2010 Apr;36(2):341-58
references.pmid: 20364923
references.citation: Nat Rev Neurosci. 2002 Jul;3(7):553-62
references.pmid: 12094211
references.citation: J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis. 1998 Aug;15(8):2046-51
references.pmid: 9691486
references.citation: Annu Rev Neurosci. 1996;19:577-621
references.pmid: 8833455
references.citation: Vision Res. 1985;25(4):501-5
references.pmid: 4060601
references.citation: Trends Cogn Sci. 2006 Aug;10(8):382-90
references.pmid: 16843702
references.citation: Vision Res. 2008 Sep;48(20):2106-27
references.pmid: 18502467
references.citation: Vision Res. 2012 Feb 15;55:32-40
references.pmid: 22239962
references.citation: Trends Cogn Sci. 2005 Apr;9(4):188-94
references.pmid: 15808501
references.citation: Exp Brain Res. 1990;83(1):29-36
references.pmid: 2073947
references.citation: Vision Res. 1999 Aug;39(17):2929-46
references.pmid: 10492819
references.citation: Can J Psychol. 1986 Dec;40(4):368-87
references.pmid: 3502879
references.citation: J Exp Psychol Gen. 1984 Dec;113(4):501-17
references.pmid: 6240521
references.citation: IEEE Trans Image Process. 2006 Nov;15(11):3478-87
references.pmid: 17076406
references.citation: J Neurophysiol. 2007 Jan;97(1):307-19
references.pmid: 17021033
references.citation: Cereb Cortex. 2011 Nov;21(11):2498-506
references.pmid: 21422270
references.citation: J Neurophysiol. 1975 Jul;38(4):871-908
references.pmid: 808592
references.citation: J Neurosci. 1984 Aug;4(8):2051-62
references.pmid: 6470767
references.citation: Atten Percept Psychophys. 2009 Feb;71(2):314-27
references.pmid: 19304621
references.citation: Curr Biol. 2000 Jun 1;10(11):679-82
references.pmid: 10837253
references.citation: Annu Rev Neurosci. 1999;22:319-49
references.pmid: 10202542
references.citation: Cognition. 1988 Jun;29(1):29-46
references.pmid: 3402190
references.citation: J Exp Psychol Gen. 1994 Jun;123(2):161-77
references.pmid: 8014611
references.citation: Vision Res. 2001;41(25-26):3559-65
references.pmid: 11718795
references.citation: J Opt Soc Am A. 1991 Feb;8(2):440-9
references.pmid: 2007919
references.citation: Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). 2011 Apr;64(4):669-88
references.pmid: 21113857
references.citation: Nature. 2003 Aug 7;424(6949):674-7
references.pmid: 12904793
references.citation: Mem Cognit. 1985 Jul;13(4):289-303
references.pmid: 4079746
references.citation: Vision Res. 1989;29(11):1631-47
references.pmid: 2635486
references.citation: J Neurophysiol. 2005 Aug;94(2):1358-71
references.pmid: 15817643
references.citation: Vision Res. 2007 Jul;47(15):1979-91
references.pmid: 17548102
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2008 Jun 25;28(26):6679-90
references.pmid: 18579742
references.citation: Nature. 1994 Aug 25;370(6491):644-6
references.pmid: 8065449
references.citation: Exp Psychol. 2004;51(2):91-7
references.pmid: 15114901
references.citation: Vision Res. 2005 Sep;45(19):2511-22
references.pmid: 15890381
references.citation: J Neurophysiol. 2008 Aug;100(2):796-814
references.pmid: 18497359
references.citation: Vision Res. 1994 Jan;34(1):73-8
references.pmid: 8116270
references.citation: J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 1998 Jun;24(3):830-46
references.pmid: 9627419
references.citation: Neuron. 2012 Jun 21;74(6):1099-113
references.pmid: 22726839
references.citation: Perception. 1999;28(11):1311-28
references.pmid: 10755142
references.citation: Cortex. 1995 Jun;31(2):387-95
references.pmid: 7555015
references.citation: Science. 2008 May 30;320(5880):1217-20
references.pmid: 18511690
references.citation: J Neurophysiol. 2005 Dec;94(6):4373-86
references.pmid: 16107528
references.citation: Psychon Bull Rev. 2002 Jun;9(2):314-8
references.pmid: 12120794
references.citation: Spat Vis. 1993;7(3):213-25
references.pmid: 8251435
references.citation: Acta Psychol (Amst). 2008 Feb;127(2):449-58
references.pmid: 17905141
references.citation: Vision Res. 2000;40(20):2797-811
references.pmid: 10960652
references.citation: Acta Psychol (Amst). 1981 Aug;48(1-3):123-31
references.pmid: 7304220
references.citation: Nature. 1998 Jan 29;391(6666):481-4
references.pmid: 9461214
references.citation: Vision Res. 1993 Jan;33(2):173-93
references.pmid: 8447091
references.citation: Neuron. 1994 Jul;13(1):1-10
references.pmid: 8043270
references.citation: Cortex. 1973 Jun;9(2):152-64
references.pmid: 4795556
references.citation: Novartis Found Symp. 1998;218:109-22; discussion 122-8, 171-5
references.pmid: 9949818
references.citation: J Physiol Paris. 2003 Mar-May;97(2-3):155-90
references.pmid: 14766140