title: Genetic influences on prefrontal activation during a verbal fluency task in adults: a twin study based on multichannel near-infrared spectroscopy.
abstract: Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) studies have reported that prefrontal hemodynamic dysfunction during executive function tasks may be a promising biomarker of psychiatric disorders, because its portability and noninvasiveness allow easy measurements in clinical settings. Here, we investigated the degree to which prefrontal NIRS signals are genetically determined. Using a 52-channel NIRS system, we monitored the oxy-hemoglobin (oxy-Hb) signal changes in 38 adult pairs of right-handed monozygotic (MZ) twins and 13 pairs of same-sex right-handed dizygotic (DZ) twins during a letter version of the verbal fluency task. Heritability was estimated based on a classical twin paradigm using structured equation modeling. Significant genetic influences were estimated in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and left frontal pole. The degrees of heritability were 66% and 75% in the variances, respectively. This implies that the prefrontal hemodynamic dysfunction observed during an executive function task measured by NIRS may be an efficient endophenotype for large-scale imaging genetic studies in psychiatric disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan(2); Department of Psychiatry, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: sakakibara-tky@umin.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Eisuke
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sakakibara
authors.forename: Ryu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Takizawa
authors.forename: Yukika
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: Shingo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kawasaki
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Satomura
authors.forename: Akihide
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
authors.forename: Shinsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koike
authors.forename: Kohei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Marumo
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kinou
authors.forename: Mamoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tochigi
authors.forename: Nao
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nishida
authors.forename: Katsushi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tokunaga
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eguchi
authors.forename: Syudo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamasaki
authors.forename: Tatsunobu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Natsubori
authors.forename: Norichika
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Iwashiro
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Yosuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takano
authors.forename: Kunio
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takei
authors.forename: Motomu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suga
authors.forename: Hidenori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamasue
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Matsubayashi
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kohata
authors.forename: Chie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shimojo
authors.forename: Shiho
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Okuhata
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kono
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kuwabara
authors.forename: Ayaka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ishii-Takahashi
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawakubo
authors.forename: Kiyoto
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kasai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D059907:Functional Neuroimaging / Q000379:methods*; D059647:Gene-Environment Interaction; D005824:Genetics, Behavioral / Q000379:methods*; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007361:Intelligence Tests; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000235:genetics; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared / Q000379:methods*; D014429:Twins, Dizygotic; D014430:Twins, Monozygotic; D014705:Verbal Behavior / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins
keywords: DZ; Endophenotype; FIQ; Heritability; LFT; Letter Fluency Task; MZ; NIRS; Near-infrared spectroscopy; Prefrontal hemodynamic response; SES; SNP; Twin study; Verbal fluency task; WAIS-R; Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised; [deoxy-Hb]; [oxy-Hb]; concentration of deoxyhemoglobin; concentration of oxyhemoglobin; dizygotic; full-scale intelligence quotient; monozygotic; near-infrared spectroscopy; rCBV; regional cerebral blood volume; single nucleotide polymorphism; socioeconomic status