title: Smoking cessation and desire to stop smoking in nine countries of the former Soviet Union.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Smoking rates and corresponding levels of premature mortality from smoking-related diseases in the former Soviet Union (fSU) are among the highest in the world. To reduce this health burden, greater focus on smoking cessation is needed, but little is currently known about rates and characteristics of cessation in the fSU.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nationally representative household survey data from a cross-sectional study of 18,000 respondents in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, and Ukraine were analyzed to describe patterns of desire and action taken to stop smoking, quit ratios (former ever-smokers as a percent of ever-smokers, without a specified recall period), and help used to stop smoking. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze characteristics associated with smoking cessation and desire to stop smoking.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Quit ratios varied from 10.5% in Azerbaijan to 37.6% in Belarus. About 67.2% of respondents expressed a desire to quit, and 64.9% had taken action and tried to stop. The use of help to quit was extremely low (12.6%). Characteristics associated with cessation included being female, over 60, with higher education, poorer health, lower alcohol dependency, higher knowledge of tobacco's health effects, and support for tobacco control. Characteristics associated with desire to stop smoking among current smokers included younger age, poorer health, greater knowledge of tobacco's health effects, and support for tobacco control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Quit ratios are low in the fSU but there is widespread desire to stop smoking. Stronger tobacco control and cessation support are urgently required to reduce smoking prevalence and associated premature mortality.
authors.affiliation: European Centre on Health of Societies in Transition, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK. katharine.footman@lshtm.ac.uk
authors.forename: Katharine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Footman
authors.forename: Bayard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stickley
authors.forename: Kseniya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kizilova
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rotman
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McKee
mesh_terms: D001136:Armenia / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005846:Georgia (Republic) / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007623:Kazakhstan / Q000453:epidemiology; D007707:Kyrgyzstan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008966:Moldova / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012426:Russia / Q000453:epidemiology; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000523:psychology*; D014586:USSR / Q000453:epidemiology; D014455:Ukraine / Q000453:epidemiology