title: Identification of genes differentially expressed in ectomycorrhizal roots during the Pinus pinaster-Laccaria bicolor interaction.
abstract: Ectomycorrhizal associations are of major ecological importance in temperate and boreal forests. The development of a functional ectomycorrhiza requires many genetic and biochemical changes. In this study, suppressive subtraction hybridization was used to identify differentially expressed genes in the roots of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Aiton) inoculated with Laccaria bicolor, a mycorrhizal fungus. A total number of 200 unigenes were identified as being differentially regulated in maritime pine roots during the development of mycorrhiza. These unigenes were classified into 10 categories according to the function of their homologues in the GenBank database. Approximately, 40 % of the differentially expressed transcripts were genes that coded for unknown proteins in the databases or that had no homology to known genes. A group of these differentially expressed genes was selected to validate the results using quantitative real-time PCR. The transcript levels of the representative genes were compared between the non-inoculated and inoculated plants at 1, 5, 15 and 30 days after inoculation. The observed expression patterns indicate (1) changes in the composition of the wall cell, (2) tight regulation of defence genes during the development of mycorrhiza and (3) changes in carbon and nitrogen metabolism. Ammonium excess or deficiency dramatically affected the stability of ectomycorrhiza and altered gene expression in maritime pine roots.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto Andaluz de Biotecnología, Universidad de Málaga, Campus Universitario de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Malaga, Spain.
authors.forename: Aranzazu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Flores-Monterroso
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Canales
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: de la Torre
authors.forename: Concepción
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ávila
authors.forename: Francisco M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Cánovas
mesh_terms: D064751:Ammonium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects; D017343:Genes, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D055399:Laccaria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D038821:Mycorrhizae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D028223:Pinus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D036226:Seedlings / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D013559:Symbiosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D064751:Ammonium Compounds
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