title: Live imaging of astrocyte responses to acute injury reveals selective juxtavascular proliferation.
abstract: Astrocytes are thought to have important roles after brain injury, but their behavior has largely been inferred from postmortem analysis. To examine the mechanisms that recruit astrocytes to sites of injury, we used in vivo two-photon laser-scanning microscopy to follow the response of GFP-labeled astrocytes in the adult mouse cerebral cortex over several weeks after acute injury. Live imaging revealed a marked heterogeneity in the reaction of individual astrocytes, with one subset retaining their initial morphology, another directing their processes toward the lesion, and a distinct subset located at juxtavascular sites proliferating. Although no astrocytes actively migrated toward the injury site, selective proliferation of juxtavascular astrocytes was observed after the introduction of a lesion and was still the case, even though the extent was reduced, after astrocyte-specific deletion of the RhoGTPase Cdc42. Thus, astrocyte recruitment after injury relies solely on proliferation in a specific niche.
authors.affiliation: Physiological Genomics, Institute of Physiology, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Sophia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bardehle
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krüger
authors.forename: Felix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Buggenthin
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schwausch
authors.forename: Jovica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ninkovic
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Clevers
authors.forename: Hugo J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Snippert
authors.forename: Fabian J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Theis
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Meyer-Luehmann
authors.forename: Ingo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bechmann
authors.forename: Leda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dimou
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Götz
mesh_terms: D000080924:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family; D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000473:pathology*; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D027341:Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1 / Q000235:genetics; D017353:Gene Deletion; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000235:genetics; D050697:Retinal Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics; D020764:cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C084265:CAPS protein, Oryctolagus cuniculus; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D027341:Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D007527:Isoenzymes; D010750:Phosphoproteins; C493393:Slc1a3 protein, mouse; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D000080924:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family; C515028:ALDH1A1 protein, mouse; D050697:Retinal Dehydrogenase; D020764:cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein
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