title: Anthropometric and dietary predictors of insulin sensitivity in 10- to 14-year-old boys and girls.
abstract: The high prevalence of pediatric obesity has made preventing chronic diseases through healthy lifestyle behaviours a priority within pediatrics. Examining the association between diet and insulin sensitivity (IS) in youth may provide important insights for tailoring preventative dietary interventions. The objective of this study was to explore the associations among anthropometry, diet, and IS in 10- to 14-year-olds. In this cross-sectional study, the primary outcome measure was IS, measured noninvasively using a (13)C glucose breath test. Exposure variables included body mass index (BMI) z score and several dietary variables, including glycemic index (GI), glycemic load, and fiber, magnesium, vegetable and fruit, and fat intakes, all of which were derived from a validated, Web-based 24-h recall tool. Multiple regression analyses were performed for boys and girls separately. In total, 378 students (227 girls) aged 12.1 ± 1.2 years were studied. In this sample ∼24% of youth were considered overweight or obese (BMI z score = 0.41 ± 0.93). Multiple regression analyses showed that BMI z score was negatively and independently associated with (13)C insulin sensitivity score ((13)CISS) in both boys and girls (boys: β = -0.501; girls: β = -0.446; both p < 0.001). GI was negatively and independently related to (13)CISS in boys (β = -0.195, p < 0.05) but not in girls. Other dietary variables were not associated with IS. In addition to BMI z score, a low GI diet predicted (13)CISS in boys but not in girls. This finding suggests that interventions that reduce BMI (in both sexes) and include a low GI diet among boys may improve IS.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 4-126 Li Ka Shing Building, Edmonton, AB T6G 1K8, Canada; Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
authors.forename: Laura E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Forbes
authors.forename: Shauna M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Downs
authors.forename: Shawn N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Fraser
authors.forename: Sumit R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Majumdar
authors.forename: Geoff D C
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Ball
authors.forename: Ronald C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Plotnikoff
authors.forename: Paul D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Wozny
authors.forename: Brian D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Torrance
authors.forename: Linda J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: McCargar
authors.forename: Richard Z
authors.initials: RZ
authors.lastname: Lewanczuk
authors.forename: Jonathan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: McGavock
mesh_terms: D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology