title: Biochemical diversity of carboxyl esterases and lipases from Lake Arreo (Spain): a metagenomic approach.
abstract: The esterases and lipases from the α/β hydrolase superfamily exhibit an enormous sequence diversity, fold plasticity, and activities. Here, we present the comprehensive sequence and biochemical analyses of seven distinct esterases and lipases from the metagenome of Lake Arreo, an evaporite karstic lake in Spain (42°46'N, 2°59'W; altitude, 655 m). Together with oligonucleotide usage patterns and BLASTP analysis, our study of esterases/lipases mined from Lake Arreo suggests that its sediment contains moderately halophilic and cold-adapted proteobacteria containing DNA fragments of distantly related plasmids or chromosomal genomic islands of plasmid and phage origins. This metagenome encodes esterases/lipases with broad substrate profiles (tested over a set of 101 structurally diverse esters) and habitat-specific characteristics, as they exhibit maximal activity at alkaline pH (8.0 to 8.5) and temperature of 16 to 40°C, and they are stimulated (1.5 to 2.2 times) by chloride ions (0.1 to 1.2 M), reflecting an adaptation to environmental conditions. Our work provides further insights into the potential significance of the Lake Arreo esterases/lipases for biotechnology processes (i.e., production of enantiomers and sugar esters), because these enzymes are salt tolerant and are active at low temperatures and against a broad range of substrates. As an example, the ability of a single protein to hydrolyze triacylglycerols, (non)halogenated alkyl and aryl esters, cinnamoyl and carbohydrate esters, lactones, and chiral epoxides to a similar extent was demonstrated.
authors.affiliation: Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Department of Applied Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Mónica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martínez-Martínez
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alcaide
authors.forename: Anatoli
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tchigvintsev
authors.forename: Oleg
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Reva
authors.forename: Julio
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Polaina
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bargiela
authors.forename: María-Eugenia
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Guazzaroni
authors.forename: Alvaro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chicote
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Canet
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Valero
authors.forename: Eugenio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rico Eguizabal
authors.forename: María del Carmen
authors.initials: Mdel C
authors.lastname: Guerrero
authors.forename: Alexander F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Yakunin
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferrer
mesh_terms: D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D019295:Computational Biology; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D060106:Lakes / Q000382:microbiology*; D008049:Lipase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D054892:Metagenome / Q000235:genetics*; D056186:Metagenomics / Q000379:methods; D008958:Models, Molecular; D009841:Oligonucleotides / Q000235:genetics; D020560:Proteobacteria / Q000235:genetics*; D013030:Spain; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D009841:Oligonucleotides; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; D008049:Lipase
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