title: CAIPIRINHA-Dixon-TWIST (CDT)-volume-interpolated breath-hold examination (VIBE): a new technique for fast time-resolved dynamic 3-dimensional imaging of the abdomen with high spatial resolution.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility and image quality of a novel, highly accelerated T1-weighted sequence for time-resolved imaging of the abdomen during the first pass of contrast media transit using controlled aliasing in parallel imaging results in higher acceleration (CAIPIRINHA) under sampling, view-sharing techniques, and Dixon water-fat separation (CAIPRINHA-Dixon-time-resolved imaging with interleaved stochastic trajectories-volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination [CDT-VIBE]).
  
  
  METHODS
  In this retrospective, institutional review board-approved study, 47 patients (median age, 62 years; 25 men, 22 women) scanned on a 3.0-T magnetic resonance system (Skyra; Siemens) were included. The CDT-VIBE (repetition time/echo time1/echo time2, 4.1/1.33/2.56 milliseconds; acquisition time, 29 seconds) was used in place of the standard arterial phase acquisition and started 15 seconds after the injection of 0.1 mmol/kg Gd-DOTA (Dotarem, Guerbet). Within 29 seconds, 14 high spatial resolution (1.2 × 1.2 × 3 mm) 3-dimensional data sets were acquired and reconstructed using view sharing (temporal resolution, 2.1 seconds). The CDT-VIBE images were evaluated independently by 2 blinded, experienced radiologists with regard to image quality and the number of hepatic arterial-dominant phases present on an ordinal 5-point scale (5, excellent; 1, nondiagnostic). Added diagnostic information with CDT-VIBE relative to portal venous phase VIBE was assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all patients, CDT-VIBE measurements were successfully acquired. The image quality was diagnostic in 46 of the 47 patients. Both readers assessed the highest image quality present in the data sets with a median score of 4 (range, 3-5 for both readers; κ, 0.789) and the worst image quality with a median score of 3 (range, 1-4 for both readers; κ, 0.689). With a range between 1 and 8 (median, 5), hepatic arterial-dominant data sets (of the 14 acquired) were obtained in each case. There was an added diagnostic value with CDT-VIBE in 10 of the 47 patients (21%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The CDT-VIBE is a robust approach allowing, for the first time, dynamic imaging of the upper abdomen with high temporal resolution and preservation of high spatial resolution.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany. henrik.michaely@umm.de
authors.forename: Henrik J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Michaely
authors.forename: John N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Morelli
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Budjan
authors.forename: Philipp
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Riffel
authors.forename: Dominik
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nickel
authors.forename: Randall
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kroeker
authors.forename: Stefan O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Schoenberg
authors.forename: Ulrike I
authors.initials: UI
authors.lastname: Attenberger
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000473:pathology*; D000008:Abdominal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000465:Algorithms; D062485:Breath Holding; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D047368:Tumor Burden; D055815:Young Adult