title: Weight pressures in sport: examining the factor structure and incremental validity of the weight pressures in sport - females.
abstract: Due to pressures within the sport environment, such as from coaches, teammates, uniforms and judges, female athletes may develop unhealthy eating practices to lose weight or change their body size/shape to become more competitive and meet societal and sport-related physique ideals. However, up until the development of the Weight Pressures in Sport for Females (WPS-F; Reel, SooHoo, Petrie, Greenleaf, & Carter, 2010) there was no way to quantify sport-specific weight pressures with female athletes. In this study, the psychometric properties of the scale were further examined using a sample of 414 female collegiate athletes. Sample 1 [n=207; M=19.27 years; SD=1.16] and Sample 2 [n=207; M=19.19 years; SD=1.66] participants were of a similar age and were used for exploratory and confirmatory analyses respectively. A two factor structure was confirmed and it was established that the scale was unique from general sociocultural pressures that all women experience, predicting female athletes' internalization, body dissatisfaction, dietary intent, and bulimic symptomatology. Specifically, the following factors, Coach and Sport Pressures about Weight (Factor 1) and Pressures Regarding Appearance and Performance (Factor 2), were found to have strong internal consistency and the emerging reliable and valid WPS-F has practical implications for screening and identifying weight-related sport pressures within female athletes. WPS-F can also serve to educate sport professionals about environmental pressures so that disordered eating and body image disturbances can be prevented.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Promotion and Education, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA. Justine.Reel@hsc.utah.edu
authors.forename: Justine J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Reel
authors.forename: Trent A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Petrie
authors.forename: Sonya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: SooHoo
authors.forename: Carlin M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D056352:Athletes / Q000523:psychology*; D001828:Body Image / Q000523:psychology*; D001835:Body Weight; D002032:Bulimia; D004242:Diving / Q000523:psychology; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006173:Gymnastics / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000295:instrumentation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012931:Social Environment; D013177:Sports / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013550:Swimming / Q000523:psychology; D014930:Women / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult