title: Cardioprotective properties of omentin-1 in type 2 diabetes: evidence from clinical and in vitro studies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adipokines are linked to the development of cardiovascular dysfunction in type 2 diabetes (DM2). In DM2-patients, circulating levels of omentin-1, an adipokine preferentially expressed in epicardial adipose tissue, are decreased. This study investigated whether omentin-1 has a cardioprotective function.
  
  
  METHODS
  Omentin-1 levels in plasma and cardiac fat depots were determined in DM2-patients versus controls. Moreover, the relation between omentin-1 levels and cardiac function was examined in men with uncomplicated DM2. Finally, we determined whether omentin-1 could reverse the induction of cardiomyocyte dysfunction by conditioned media derived from epicardial adipose tissue from patients with DM2.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Omentin-1 was highly expressed and secreted by epicardial adipose tissue, and reduced in DM2. Circulating omentin-1 levels were lower in DM2 versus controls, and positively correlated with the diastolic parameters early peak filling rate, early deceleration peak and early deceleration mean (all P<0.05). The improved diastolic function following pioglitazone treatment associated with increases in omentin-1 levels (P<0.05). In vitro, exposure of cardiomyocytes to conditioned media derived from epicardial adipose tissue from patients with DM2 induced contractile dysfunction and insulin resistance, which was prevented by the addition of recombinant omentin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data identify omentin-1 as a cardioprotective adipokine, and indicate that decreases in omentin-1 levels could contribute to the induction of cardiovascular dysfunction in DM2.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Duesseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Greulich
authors.forename: Weena J Y
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Bujar
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Maxhera
authors.forename: Luuk J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Rijzewijk
authors.forename: Rutger W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: van der Meer
authors.forename: Jacqueline T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Jonker
authors.forename: Heidi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.forename: Daniella Herzfeld
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: de Wiza
authors.forename: Ralf-Ruediger
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Floerke
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Smiris
authors.forename: Hildo J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lamb
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Roos
authors.forename: Jeroen J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Bax
authors.forename: Johannes A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Romijn
authors.forename: Jan W A
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Smit
authors.forename: Payam
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Akhyari
authors.forename: Artur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lichtenberg
authors.forename: Juergen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Eckel
authors.forename: Michaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Diamant
authors.forename: D Margriet
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Ouwens
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D037102:Lectins / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D000077205:Pioglitazone; D051381:Rats; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; C432397:ITLN1 protein, human; D007328:Insulin; D037102:Lectins; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D000077205:Pioglitazone
references.citation: J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2007;9(4):645-51
references.pmid: 17578719
references.citation: Diabetes. 2007 Jun;56(6):1655-61
references.pmid: 17329619
references.citation: BMC Med Genet. 2011 Apr 28;12:60
references.pmid: 21526992
references.citation: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Jan;95(1):456-60
references.pmid: 19915017
references.citation: Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2010 Mar;20(3):147-56
references.pmid: 20031381
references.citation: Circulation. 2012 Nov 6;126(19):2324-34
references.pmid: 23065384
references.citation: Int J Obes (Lond). 2008 May;32(5):810-5
references.pmid: 18180782
references.citation: Regul Pept. 2013 Mar 10;182:1-6
references.pmid: 23328000
references.citation: Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2011 Apr;119(4):257-63
references.pmid: 21374544
references.citation: Int J Clin Pract Suppl. 2001 Sep;(121):13-8
references.pmid: 11594239
references.citation: Nat Rev Immunol. 2011 Feb;11(2):85-97
references.pmid: 21252989
references.citation: Rheumatol Int. 2012 May;32(5):1481-2
references.pmid: 21442174
references.citation: Diabetes. 2008 Apr;57(4):801-8
references.pmid: 18174521
references.citation: Diabetologia. 2007 May;50(5):1038-47
references.pmid: 17318625
references.citation: Diabetes. 2010 Nov;59(11):2747-54
references.pmid: 20693345
references.citation: Arch Physiol Biochem. 2007 Apr;113(2):76-86
references.pmid: 17558606
references.citation: Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2011 Jun;92(3):368-74
references.pmid: 21458097
references.citation: J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009 Oct 13;54(16):1524-32
references.pmid: 19815124
references.citation: Diabetes. 2010 Dec;59(12):3023-31
references.pmid: 20852028
references.citation: Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2011 Jul 19;10:67
references.pmid: 21771299
references.citation: Circ Res. 2009 Aug 14;105(4):326-34
references.pmid: 19608978
references.citation: Cytokine. 2012 May;58(2):295-9
references.pmid: 22398372
references.citation: Diabet Med. 2011 Oct;28(10):1194-200
references.pmid: 21668495
references.citation: Diabetes Care. 2011 May;34 Suppl 2:S371-9
references.pmid: 21525485
references.citation: J Cell Mol Med. 2010 Sep;14(9):2223-34
references.pmid: 20716126
references.citation: Amino Acids. 2011 Nov;41(5):1223-31
references.pmid: 21082206
references.citation: Am J Physiol. 1979 Sep;237(3):E214-23
references.pmid: 382871
references.citation: Nutr Metab (Lond). 2010 Apr 09;7:27
references.pmid: 20380714
references.citation: J Cell Mol Med. 2011 Nov;15(11):2399-410
references.pmid: 21143387
references.citation: Eur J Pharmacol. 2012 Jul 5;686(1-3):116-23
references.pmid: 22554771
references.citation: Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2010 Apr;88(1):29-33
references.pmid: 20129687
references.citation: Methods Mol Biol. 2008;456:195-9
references.pmid: 18516562
references.citation: Circulation. 2009 Apr 21;119(15):2069-77
references.pmid: 19349323
references.citation: Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2011 Jul;93(1):21-5
references.pmid: 21497934
references.citation: Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2010 Mar 19;393(4):668-72
references.pmid: 20170632
references.citation: J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2009 Dec;22(12):1311-9; quiz 1417-8
references.pmid: 19944955
references.citation: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Jun;290(6):E1253-61
references.pmid: 16531507
references.citation: Obesity (Silver Spring). 2011 Aug;19(8):1552-9
references.pmid: 21293447