title: Nutritional status according to the mini nutritional assessment (MNA®) and frailty in community dwelling older persons: a close relationship.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigates the association between MNA results and frailty status in community-dwelling older adults. In addition the relevance of singular MNA items and subscores in this regard was tested.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Community-dwelling older adults were recruited in the region of Nürnberg, Germany.
  
  
  METHODS
  206 volunteers aged 75 years or older without cognitive impairment (Mini Mental State Examination >24 points), 66.0% female.
  
  
  METHODS
  Frailty was defined according to Fried et al. as presence of three, pre-frailty as presence of one or two of the following criteria: weight loss, exhaustion, low physical activity, low handgrip strength and slow walking speed. Malnutrition (<17 points) and the risk of malnutrition (17-23.5 points) were determined by MNA®.
  
  
  RESULTS
  15.1% of the participants were at risk of malnutrition, no participant was malnourished. 15.5 % were frail, 39.8% pre-frail and 44.7% non-frail. 46.9% of the frail, 12.2% of the pre-frail and 2.2% of the non-frail participants were at risk of malnutrition (p<0.001). Hence, 90% of those at risk of malnutrition were either pre-frail or frail. For the anthropometric, dietary, subjective and functional, but not for the general MNA subscore, frail participants scored significantly lower than pre-frail (p<0.01), and non-frail participants (p<0.01). Twelve of the 18 MNA items were also significantly associated with frailty (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results underline the close association between frailty syndrome and nutritional status in older persons. A profound understanding of the interdependency of these two geriatric concepts will represent the basis for successful treatment strategies.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Biomedicine of Aging, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nürnberg, Germany. Julia.bollwein@iba.fau.de
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bollwein
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Volkert
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Diekmann
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kaiser
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Uter
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vidal
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Sieber
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bauer
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D005221:Fatigue; D005260:Female; D016330:Frail Elderly; D015577:Geriatric Assessment / Q000379:methods; D005858:Germany; D018737:Hand Strength; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D009752:Nutritional Status; D015995:Prevalence; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D015431:Weight Loss
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