title: The role of colour Doppler sonography in the diagnosis of lower limb Klippel-Trénaunay syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the accuracy of colour Doppler sonography as compared to phlebography in patients with Klippel-Trénaunay syndrome (KTS).
  
  
  METHODS
  From September 2004 to May 2012, 59 consecutive patients seen in Shandong medical imaging research institute with a clinical suggestion of KTS were included. Thirty-four were female and 25 were male, with a mean age of 28.4 years. Colour Doppler sonography was used to assess the lower limb veins. The main sonographic criteria for a positive diagnosis were visualization of the lateral vein or sciatic vein, capillary haemangioma, and abnormality of the deep veins. These data were compared with phlebography findings. The κ statistic was used to determine the level of agreement. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and accuracy of colour Doppler sonography as a diagnostic test were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Colour Doppler sonography findings were positive in 21 of 59 patients with a clinical suggestion of KTS. The diagnosis was confirmed using phlebography in 22 patients. There were two false-positive results and one false-negative result by colour Doppler sonography. The κ-value was 0.892. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and accuracy for colour Doppler sonography were 95.4, 94.6, 91.3, 97.2, and 94.9%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Colour Doppler sonography is an accurate, reliable, and non-invasive investigation in the assessment of patients with suspected KTS.
authors.affiliation: Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardio-cerebral Vascular Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: H T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.forename: X M
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: X D
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yuan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007715:Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber Syndrome / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000098:blood supply; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010690:Phlebography / Q000592:standards; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color / Q000592:standards*; D014680:Veins / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult