title: Effect of type 1 diabetes on carotid structure and function in adolescents and young adults: the SEARCH CVD study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Type 1 diabetes mellitus causes increased carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) in adults. We evaluated IMT in young subjects with type 1 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants with type 1 diabetes (N = 402) were matched to controls (N = 206) by age, sex, and race or ethnicity. Anthropometric and laboratory values, blood pressure, and IMT were measured. ANCOVA was used to assess differences controlling for demographic risk factors, cardiovascular risk factors, and HbA1c.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects were 18.9 ± 3.3 years old (50% male, 82.7% non-Hispanic white). Youth with type 1 diabetes had thicker bulb IMT, which remained significantly different after adjustment for demographics and cardiovascular risk factors. Age, sex, adiposity, and systolic blood pressure were consistent significant determinants of IMT. Adjustment for HbA1c eliminated the difference, suggesting the difference was attributable to poor glycemic control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Carotid IMT may be increased in youth with type 1 diabetes at high risk for cardiovascular disease. Better control of diabetes may be essential in preventing progression of atherosclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Cincinnati Children's Hospital and University of Cincinnati, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. elaine.urbina@cchmc.org
authors.forename: Elaine M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Urbina
authors.forename: Dana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dabelea
authors.forename: Ralph B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: D'Agostino
authors.forename: Amy S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Lawrence M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Dolan
authors.forename: Richard F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Hamman
authors.forename: Stephen R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Daniels
authors.forename: Santica
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marcovina
authors.forename: R Paul
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Wadwa
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
references.citation: Diabetes Care. 2010 Sep;33(9):2043-8
references.pmid: 20530748
references.citation: J Pediatr. 2000 Oct;137(4):465-9
references.pmid: 11035822
references.citation: Eur J Pediatr. 2007 Jun;166(6):541-8
references.pmid: 17387514
references.citation: Am J Cardiol. 1987 Apr 1;59(8):750-5
references.pmid: 3825934
references.citation: Pediatr Diabetes. 2010 Mar;11(2):129-33
references.pmid: 19515025
references.citation: Stroke. 2004 Dec;35(12):2782-7
references.pmid: 15514185
references.citation: Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2006 Oct;74(1):33-40
references.pmid: 16621108
references.citation: Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2009 May;84(2):168-73
references.pmid: 19237222
references.citation: Diabetes Care. 2011 Jul;34(7):1628-33
references.pmid: 21636800
references.citation: Angiology. 2005 May-Jun;56(3):311-7
references.pmid: 15889199
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 2003 Jun 5;348(23):2294-303
references.pmid: 12788993
references.citation: J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Feb;15(2):181-6
references.pmid: 11874183
references.citation: Am J Cardiol. 2002 Nov 1;90(9):953-8
references.pmid: 12398961
references.citation: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2003 Jun 1;23(6):1035-41
references.pmid: 12702517
references.citation: Circulation. 2009 Jun 9;119(22):2913-9
references.pmid: 19470890
references.citation: Diabetes. 2011 Feb;60(2):607-13
references.pmid: 21270271