title: Lethality of reduced-risk insecticides against plum curculio (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in blueberries, with emphasis on their curative activity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Historically, management of plum curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst), in highbush blueberries has focused on post-bloom broad-spectrum insecticide applications targeting the adults. Here, the efficacy of different classes of insecticides against various stages of C. nenuphar was compared, and a prebloom treatment with the chitin synthesis inhibitor novaluron in combination with a post-bloom insecticide application was tested.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Novaluron decreased the number of oviposition scars and eggs on fruit and reduced larval emergence by >60% when applied prebloom. Post-bloom applications of the oxadiazine indoxacarb and the organophosphate phosmet, but not the neonicotinoid acetamiprid, showed significant adulticidal activity. The neonicotinoids acetamiprid and thiamethoxam and phosmet showed significant curative activity on C. nenuphar larvae when applied topically to infested fruit, whereas the pyrethroid fenpropathrin, indoxacarb and novaluron were weaker curative agents. Residue profiles showed that acetamiprid and phosmet residues had the highest levels while fenpropathrin and novaluron had the lowest levels of fruit penetration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In blueberries, novaluron showed anti-ovipositional/ovicidal activity, indoxacarb and phosmet showed adulticidal activity, while the neonicotinoids and phosmet showed best curative (larvicidal) control on C. nenuphar. A prebloom novaluron application in combination with a post-bloom treatment with an adulticidal/larvicidal insecticide is recommended for optimal multi-life-stage management of C. nenuphar. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry.
authors.affiliation: P.E. Marucci Center for Blueberry and Cranberry Research and Extension, Rutgers University, Chatsworth, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Cesar R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Saona
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Wise
authors.forename: Dean
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Polk
authors.forename: Tracy C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Leskey
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vandervoort
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D029798:Blueberry Plants / Q000469:parasitology*; D001517:Coleoptera / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D007300:Insect Control; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D010058:Oviposition / Q000187:drug effects; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D027861:Prunus / Q000469:parasitology*
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides
keywords: Vaccinium corymbosum; adulticidal; larvicidal; neonicotinoid; novaluron; organophosphate; ovicidal; residue profile