title: The inverse relation of CA-125 to diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and associated clinical variables.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to evaluate the association of carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA-125; also known as cancer antigen 125) with various anthropometric and metabolic measures and also with diabetes and metabolic syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 357 diabetic and nondiabetic subjects were enrolled. CA-125, anthropometric parameters, lipids, blood pressure, as well as glycemic and insulin resistance measures were assessed. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CA-125 was lower in subjects with diabetes and/or metabolic syndrome [median (interquartile range) of 8.20 (5.70-11.57) and 9.55 (6.50-16.25) U/mL for diabetic and nondiabetic subjects, respectively, P<0.05; 8.11 (5.90-11.45) and 9.50 (6.34-14.76) U/mL for subjects with metabolic syndrome and those without metabolic syndrome, respectively, P<0.05]. Anthropometric measures, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and blood pressure were inversely associated with CA-125 (P<0.05); waist circumference and body mass index were also identified as the strongest determinants of CA-125 (P<0.001). Using multiple linear regression models, waist circumference (β=-0.088, P<0.01), apolipoprotein B (β=-0.027, P<0.05), and systolic blood pressure (β=-0.054, P<0.05) were independently associated with CA-125. However, none of insulin resistance measures remained in the model after adjusting for other clinical variables.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CA-125 is inversely correlated with diabetes status, metabolic syndrome, and their associated anthropometric and metabolic measures. Furthermore, CA-125 is independently associated with waist circumference, apolipoprotein B, and systolic blood pressure, but not with any insulin resistance measures.
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. esteghamati@tums.ac.ir
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Esteghamati
authors.forename: Seyedomid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Seyedahmadinejad
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zandieh
authors.forename: Abdoulreza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Esteghamati
authors.forename: Mohammad Hadi
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Gharedaghi
authors.forename: Mohammad Salehi
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Sadaghiani
authors.forename: Afshin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saadipoor
authors.forename: Manouchehr
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakhjavani
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D018394:CA-125 Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D016014:Linear Models; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018394:CA-125 Antigen; D008055:Lipids