title: Prevalence and plasmid characterization of the qnrD determinant in Enterobacteriaceae isolated from animals, retail meat products, and humans.
abstract: qnrD, unlike other qnr genes, is mainly located on small nonconjugative plasmids. We investigated the presence of qnrD among 1,373 Enterobacteriaceae isolates in China. Twelve qnrD-positive strains were detected, and all were nonsusceptible to fluoroquinolones. The complete sequence of plasmids showed that the qnrD determinants were located on two plasmids with a respective size of ~4.2 and 2.7 k-bp. Interestingly, the identification of qnrD in this study revealed the highest prevalence of Proteeae among Enterobacteriaceae identified.
authors.affiliation: National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Sen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Xiao-Ping
authors.initials: XP
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Qian-Jiang
authors.initials: QJ
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Bao-Tao
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Liang-Xing
authors.initials: LX
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Heng-Qian
authors.initials: HQ
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Ya-Hong
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000829:Animals, Domestic / Q000382:microbiology*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003227:Conjugation, Genetic; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004756:Enterobacteriaceae Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008461:Meat Products / Q000382:microbiology*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010957:Plasmids
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; C485384:Qnr protein, E coli; C485385:Qnr protein, Klebsiella pneumoniae