title: Adequacy of lymph node retrieval for ampullary cancer and its association with improved staging and survival.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of the present study was to determine the optimal number of lymph nodes (LN) examined to stage pN0 tumors after surgery for ampulla of Vater carcinoma (AVC).
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed retrospectively 127 patients with AVC who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy (1990-2008). Univariate and multivariate analysis was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-nine patients (46.5 %) were pN0, whereas 68 patients (53.5 %) were pN1. The 5-year disease-specific survival (DSS) was worse for pN1 patients than for pN0 patients (46 vs. 77 %; P < 0.0001). In the pN0 cohort, the optimal cut-off number of LN analyzed was found to be 12. The 5-year DSS for patients with ≤ 12 LN was 50 %, compared with 89 % in those with >12 LN (P = 0.001). By multivariate analysis, a LN count >12 was the only independent predictor associated with improved survival (HR 0.16, P = 0.003) among pN0 patients. Among pN1 patients, a LN count >12 was associated with a significantly better 5-year DSS (59 vs. 22 %; P = 0.027). Patients with a lymph node ratio (LNR) >0.20 had a 5-year DSS of 24 %, compared with 58 % in those with 0 < LNR ≤ 0.20 (P = 0.038).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Removal of more than 12 LN for examination is associated with improved survival rate after surgery for AVC in both pN0 and pN1 patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Verona, Chirurgia Generale B, Policlinico GB Rossi, Piazzale LA Scuro, 37134, Verona, Italy. stefanopartelli@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Partelli
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Crippa
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Capelli
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Neri
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bassi
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zamboni
authors.forename: Giuliano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Barugola
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Falconi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D014670:Ampulla of Vater / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D003138:Common Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016577:Pancreaticoduodenectomy; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome
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