title: Aegilops tauschii draft genome sequence reveals a gene repertoire for wheat adaptation.
abstract: About 8,000 years ago in the Fertile Crescent, a spontaneous hybridization of the wild diploid grass Aegilops tauschii (2n = 14; DD) with the cultivated tetraploid wheat Triticum turgidum (2n = 4x = 28; AABB) resulted in hexaploid wheat (T. aestivum; 2n = 6x = 42; AABBDD). Wheat has since become a primary staple crop worldwide as a result of its enhanced adaptability to a wide range of climates and improved grain quality for the production of baker's flour. Here we describe sequencing the Ae. tauschii genome and obtaining a roughly 90-fold depth of short reads from libraries with various insert sizes, to gain a better understanding of this genetically complex plant. The assembled scaffolds represented 83.4% of the genome, of which 65.9% comprised transposable elements. We generated comprehensive RNA-Seq data and used it to identify 43,150 protein-coding genes, of which 30,697 (71.1%) were uniquely anchored to chromosomes with an integrated high-density genetic map. Whole-genome analysis revealed gene family expansion in Ae. tauschii of agronomically relevant gene families that were associated with disease resistance, abiotic stress tolerance and grain quality. This draft genome sequence provides insight into the environmental adaptation of bread wheat and can aid in defining the large and complicated genomes of wheat species.
authors.affiliation: National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Xiuying
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authors.forename: Yingrui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Guangyao
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authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Weiming
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authors.forename: Rudi
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authors.forename: Matthias
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authors.lastname: Pfeifer
authors.forename: Yong
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authors.forename: Xueyong
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authors.forename: Ruilian
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jing
authors.forename: Chi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Youzhi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Lifeng
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Chuan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Spannagl
authors.forename: Klaus F X
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Shengkai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Fengya
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Qun
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Xianchun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Jianwen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Qinsi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wicker
authors.forename: Caiyun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gou
authors.forename: Hanhui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kuang
authors.forename: Genyun
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Yadan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Beat
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.forename: Qiuju
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Junyi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hongfeng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.forename: Rongzhi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Junyang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Jinlong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Middleton
authors.forename: Zhiwu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Quan
authors.forename: Guangming
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Huanming
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Zhonghu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Long
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000235:genetics*; D058431:Brachypodium / Q000235:genetics; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D032461:Chromosomes, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements / Q000235:genetics; D060467:Disease Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D017343:Genes, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D018745:Genome, Plant / Q000235:genetics*; D001467:Hordeum / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010935:Plant Diseases; D006109:Poaceae / Q000235:genetics*; D011123:Polyploidy; D017423:Sequence Analysis, RNA; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics; D014908:Triticum / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D014157:Transcription Factors
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