title: Distant metastatic retinoblastoma without central nervous system involvement.
abstract: Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular malignancy in children, with a reported incidence ranging from 1 in 15,000 to 1 in 18,000 live births. Metastatic retinoblastoma is rare in developed countries, with a reported range from 4.8% in the United States to 5.8% in the United Kingdom. However, the frequency reported from developing countries varies from 9 to 11% at presentation. The mortality is very high owing to late presentations, delayed diagnosis compounded by socio-economic factors. The management of metastatic retinoblastoma is evolving, but it is still a challenge in pediatric oncology. We present a case of an extensive skeletal metastasis that initially presented as a massive orbital retinoblastoma.
authors.affiliation: Ocular Oncology Service, L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Road No. 2, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India.
authors.forename: Mohammad Javed
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: Santosh G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Honavar
authors.forename: Vijay Anand
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Reddy
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000556:secondary*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009420:Nervous System; D019572:Retinal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D012175:Retinoblastoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000556:secondary*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
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