title: Association genetics of oleoresin flow in loblolly pine: discovering genes and predicting phenotype for improved resistance to bark beetles and bioenergy potential.
abstract: Rapidly enhancing oleoresin production in conifer stems through genomic selection and genetic engineering may increase resistance to bark beetles and terpenoid yield for liquid biofuels. We integrated association genetic and genomic prediction analyses of oleoresin flow (g 24 h(-1)) using 4854 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in expressed genes within a pedigreed population of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) that was clonally replicated at three sites in the southeastern United States. Additive genetic variation in oleoresin flow (h(2) ≈ 0.12-0.30) was strongly correlated between years in which precipitation varied (r(a) ≈ 0.95), while the genetic correlation between sites declined from 0.8 to 0.37 with increasing differences in soil and climate among sites. A total of 231 SNPs were significantly associated with oleoresin flow, of which 81% were specific to individual sites. SNPs in sequences similar to ethylene signaling proteins, ABC transporters, and diterpenoid hydroxylases were associated with oleoresin flow across sites. Despite this complex genetic architecture, we developed a genomic prediction model to accelerate breeding for enhanced oleoresin flow that is robust to environmental variation. Results imply that breeding could increase oleoresin flow 1.5- to 2.4-fold in one generation.
authors.affiliation: Forest Genomics Laboratory, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, 1376 Mowry Rd, Rm 320, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
authors.forename: Jared W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Westbrook
authors.affiliation: Forest Genomics Laboratory, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, 1376 Mowry Rd, Rm 320, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
authors.forename: Marcio F R
authors.initials: MFR
authors.lastname: Resende
authors.affiliation: Forest Genomics Laboratory, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, 1376 Mowry Rd, Rm 320, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
authors.forename: Patricio
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Munoz
authors.affiliation: Forest Genomics Laboratory, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, 1376 Mowry Rd, Rm 320, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.|School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, PO Box 110410, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
authors.forename: Alejandro R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Sciences, University of California at Davis, Mail Stop 4, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Jill L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Wegrzyn
authors.affiliation: Southern Institute of Forest Genetics, USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 23332 Success Rd, Saucier, MS, 39574, USA.
authors.forename: C Dana
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Sciences, University of California at Davis, Mail Stop 4, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
authors.forename: David B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Neale
authors.affiliation: Forest Genomics Laboratory, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, 1376 Mowry Rd, Rm 320, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.|School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, PO Box 110410, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
authors.forename: Matias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kirst
authors.affiliation: School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, PO Box 110410, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
authors.forename: Dudley A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Huber
authors.affiliation: School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, PO Box 110410, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
authors.forename: Salvador A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Gezan
authors.affiliation: Forest Genomics Laboratory, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, 1376 Mowry Rd, Rm 320, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.|School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, PO Box 110410, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
authors.forename: Gary F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Peter
authors.affiliation: Forest Genomics Laboratory, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, 1376 Mowry Rd, Rm 320, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.|School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, PO Box 110410, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Davis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001947:Breeding / Q000379:methods; D002980:Climate; D001517:Coleoptera; D059647:Gene-Environment Interaction; D005819:Genetic Markers; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005828:Genetics, Population; D008957:Models, Genetic; D010641:Phenotype; D041603:Pinus taeda / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012987:Soil; D015144:Southeastern United States; D013729:Terpenes / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012987:Soil; D013729:Terpenes; C018620:oleoresins
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