title: A study of the effects of saliva stimulation by nizatidine on dry mouth symptoms of primary biliary cirrhosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To elucidate the effect of saliva stimulation by nizatidine on oral symptoms of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) by administering it to PBC cases.
  
  
  METHODS
  From among 73 cases that had been definitively diagnosed as PBC at our hospital by February 2010, we selected 27 cases of PBC, 4 males and 23 females, as subjects. We obtained subjects' consent after giving them a full explanation of the administration of nizatidine. Nizatidine 150 mg was administered internally twice daily, after morning and evening meals. To observe changes in the quantity of saliva secreted, chewing gum tests were carried out four times: before the initial dose, and after 6 mo, 12 mo and 24 mo of administration. For subjective dry mouth symptoms, a visual analog scale (VAS) method was used to assess their feelings of oral dryness and eating difficulty, five times: before the initial dose, and after 1, 6, 12 and 24 mo of administration in 8 cases. The nutritional condition and the hepatic functional reserve were compared between before and after the nizatidine treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The result of a chewing gum test on the subjects before the administration of nizatidine showed that 50% produced less than 10 mL of saliva, i.e., the standard under which cases are considered to have hyposalivation. The results of these tests showed that the quantity of saliva secreted was 10.5 ± 6.8 mL before administration of nizatidine, 10.9 ± 6.0 mL after 6 mo, 10.6 ± 4.9 mL after 12 mo, and 11.8 ± 6.8 mL after 24 mo administration. Thus, there was a slowly increasing trend in the quantity of saliva in the whole group. The percentage of subjects with saliva production above 10 mL was 45.8% after 6 mo administration of nizatidine, that is, only a slight change from before its administration, but it was 64.3% after 12 mo, that is, a significant increase. The saliva secretion by subject patients was examined before the beginning of administration of nizatidine, 12 mo later, and 24 mo later, and Fisher's combined probability test was used to examine the results for increases in saliva secretion. The analysis yielded P values of 0.51 and 0.53 for 12 mo later and 24 mo later, respectively. Thus, although there was no statistically significant increase, it was confirmed that saliva secretion tended to increase. A VAS method was employed to study the intensities of subjective symptoms of oral dryness and eating difficulty. Almost every case indicated some improvement of subjective oral dryness on the VAS early in the administration, i.e., one month after. We also studied the effects of the administration of nizatidine on nutritional condition, hepatic functional reserve, and long-term prognosis of PBC. No significant improvements in cholinesterase (ChE) level, albumin (Alb) level, or Child-Pugh score were found during the period of observation from the beginning to the end of administration of nizatidine, nor in comparison with the non-administration group. A comparative analysis between before administration and 24 mo later yielded P values of 0.41 for Alb, 0.56 for ChE, and 0.59 for the Child-Pugh scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It was confirmed that administering nizatidine to cases of PBC with dry mouth increased the secretion of saliva and improved the symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Tetsu Kikuchi, Katsuharu Hirano, Takuya Genda, Hironori Tsuzura, Shunsuke Sato, Yoshio Kanemitsu, Yutaka Narita, Katsuyori Iijima, Takafumi Ichida, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Juntendo University, Shizuoka Hospital, Shizuoka 410-2295, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kikuchi
authors.forename: Katsuharu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirano
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Genda
authors.forename: Hironori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsuzura
authors.forename: Shunsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kanemitsu
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Narita
authors.forename: Katsuyori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Iijima
authors.forename: Takafumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ichida
keywords: Dry mouth; Nizatidine; Primary biliary cirrhosis; Sicca syndrome; Visual analog scale
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