title: Diagnostic role of survivin in urinary bladder cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Early diagnosis of carcinoma of bladder remains a challenge. Survivin, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) protein family, is frequently activated in bladder carcinoma. The objective of this study was to investigate urinary survivin as a marker for diagnosis of urinary bladder.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined urinary survivin concentration in 28 healthy individuals, 46 positive controls and 117 cases of histologically proven TCC prior to transurethral resection, using ELISA, and compared values with findings for urinary cytology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Survivin was found to be significantly higher in the cancer group (P<0.05). A cut off value of 17.7 pg/ml was proposed, with an approximate sensitivity of 82.9% and specificity of 81.1% (P<0.0001), whereas urine cytology had a sensitivity of 66.7% and a specificity of 96.0%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Urinary survivin can be used as a non-invasive diagnostic biomarker for TCC bladder, both for primary and recurrent disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiotherapy, King George's Medical Medical University, India. sriannu57@gmail.com
authors.forename: Anupam Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.forename: Pankaj Kumar
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Kirti
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.forename: Dhramveer
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Divakar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dalela
authors.forename: Srikanta Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Rath
authors.forename: Madhu Mati
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Goel
authors.forename: Madan Lal
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Brahma Bhatt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D019540:Area Under Curve; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000652:urine*; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000652:urine; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins / Q000652:urine*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000652:urine; D012372:ROC Curve; D000077022:Survivin; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000652:urine; D014556:Urine / Q000166:cytology
chemical_list: C107489:BIRC5 protein, human; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D000077022:Survivin