title: Evaluation of TGF β1, IL-8 and nitric oxide in the serum of diffuse axonal injury patients and its association with clinical status and outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to evaluate the level of interleukin 8 (IL-8), transforming growth factor β1 (TGF β1) and Nitric oxide (NO) in diffuse axonal injury (DAI) and its association to the outcome and clinical status.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional study was conducted on 20 patients with DAI and 20 patients with multiple traumas without head injury and 20 healthy subjects as controls. Blood levels of IL-8, TGF β1 and nitric oxide in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 7th days of injury were measured. Glasgow coma scale (GCS) of patients was recorded. The patients' outcome was evaluated by Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The level of TGF β1 was increasing during the admission and had the maximum level at the 7th day. In the DAI group, there was significant correlation between GOS score and serum IL-8 at 7th day of admission (r=-0.68, p= 0.002). In this group the GCS was found to be significantly correlated with the IL-8 concentration at 7th day of admission (p= 0.026, r=-0.55).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IL-8 has negative correlation with GCS and GOS. TGF β1 could protect the brain from cytotoxics, hypoxia and acidosis so its level comes down in brain injuries as a result of its overuse.
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Department of Neurosurgery, Kerman, Islamic Republic of Iran. Mehdia50@gmail.com
authors.forename: Seyed Mojtaba
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Sohrevardi
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ahmadinejad
authors.forename: Karamuzian
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Said
authors.forename: Farhad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sarafzadeh
authors.forename: Somayeh Soleimani
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Zadeh
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yousefi
authors.forename: Omid
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Savari
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006259:Craniocerebral Trauma / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D020833:Diffuse Axonal Injury / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D023261:Glasgow Outcome Scale; D006801:Humans; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D009104:Multiple Trauma / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000097:blood*; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000097:blood*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D016209:Interleukin-8; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D009569:Nitric Oxide