title: An initial and rapid step of lytic granule secretion precedes microtubule organizing center polarization at the cytotoxic T lymphocyte/target cell synapse.
abstract: It is presently assumed that lethal hit delivery by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) is mechanistically linked to centrosome polarization toward target cells, leading to dedicated release of lytic granules within a confined secretory domain. Here we provide three lines of evidence showing that this mechanism might not apply as a general paradigm for lethal hit delivery. First, in CTLs stimulated with immobilized peptide-MHC complexes, lytic granules and microtubule organizing center localization into synaptic areas are spatio-temporally dissociated, as detected by total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy. Second, in many CTL/target cell conjugates, lytic granule secretion precedes microtubule polarization and can be detected during the first minute after cell-cell contact. Third, inhibition of microtubule organizing center and centrosome polarization impairs neither lytic granule release at the CTL synapse nor killing efficiency. Our results broaden current views of CTL biology by revealing an extremely rapid step of lytic granule secretion and by showing that microtubule organizing center polarization is dispensable for efficient lethal hit delivery.
authors.affiliation: Section Dynamique Moléculaire des Interactions Lymphocytaires, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1043, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, 31024 Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Florie
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bertrand
authors.forename: Sabina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: Kyung-Ho
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Roh
authors.forename: Camille
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Laurent
authors.forename: Loïc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dupré
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Valitutti
mesh_terms: D016764:Cell Polarity; D018385:Centrosome / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D003594:Cytoplasmic Granules / Q000378:metabolism; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D054992:Immunological Synapses; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D022101:Microtubule-Organizing Center / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008870:Microtubules / Q000378:metabolism*; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism; D022142:Secretory Vesicles / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000166:cytology*; D013997:Time Factors; D000099221:Protein Kinase C zeta
chemical_list: D011493:Protein Kinase C; D000099221:Protein Kinase C zeta
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