title: Detection of secretory immunoglobulin A in human colostrum as mucosal immune response against proteins of the type III secretion system of Salmonella, Shigella and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Some enteropathogens use the type III secretion system to secrete proteins that allows them to interact with enterocytes and promote bacterial attachment or intracellular survival. These proteins are Salmonella invasion proteins (Sip), invasion plasmid antigens (Ipa) of Shigella and Escherichia coli secreted proteins (Esp) of enteropathogenic E. coli. There are no previous studies defining the presence of colostral sIgA against all these 3 major enteric pathogens.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the presence of sIgA in colostrum against proteins of the type III secretion system of Salmonella, Shigella and enteropathogenic E. coli.
  
  
  METHODS
  We collected 76 colostrum samples from puerperal women in Lima, Peru. These samples were reacted with type III secretion system proteins extracted from bacterial culture supernatants and evaluated by Western Blot.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Antibodies were detected against Salmonella antigens SipA in 75 samples (99%), SipC in 62 (82%) and SipB in 31 (41%); against Shigella antigens IpaC in 70 (92%), IpaB in 68 (89%), IpaA in 66 (87%) and IpaD in 41 (54%); and against enteropathogenic E. coli EspC in 70 (92%), EspB-D in 65 (86%) and EspA in 41 (54%). Ten percent of samples had antibodies against all proteins evaluated and 42% against all except 1 protein. There was no sample negative to all these proteins.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The extraordinarily high frequency of antibodies in colostrum of puerperal women detected in this study against these multiple enteric pathogens shows evidence of immunological memory and prior exposure to these pathogens, in addition to its possible protective role against infection.
authors.affiliation: From the *Instituto de Medicina Tropical "Alexander von Humboldt," Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú; †University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX; ‡Departamento de Pediatría, Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú; §Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México; and ¶Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Durand
authors.forename: Theresa J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Ochoa
authors.forename: Sicilia M E
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Bellomo
authors.forename: Carmen A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Contreras
authors.forename: Víctor H
authors.initials: VH
authors.lastname: Bustamante
authors.forename: Joaquim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ruiz
authors.forename: Thomas G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Cleary
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D015153:Blotting, Western; D003126:Colostrum / Q000276:immunology*; D054308:Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D012760:Shigella / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory
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