title: Fruit and vegetable intake and prostate cancer risk: a meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent reports have examined the effect of fruit and vegetable intake on the risk of prostate cancer, but the results are inconsistent. A meta-analysis of prospective studies was conducted to arrive at quantitative conclusions about the contribution of vegetable and fruit intake to the incidence of prostate cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  A comprehensive, systematic search of medical literature published up to June 2012 was performed to identify relevant studies. Separate meta-analyses were conducted for fruit and vegetable consumption. The presence of publication bias was assessed using Egger and Begg tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 16 cohort studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. The combined adjusted relative risk comparing highest with lowest categories showed that there was no association between vegetable and fruit consumption and prostate cancer incidence. The pooled relative risk was 0.97 (95%CI 0.93, 1.01) for vegetables and 1.02 (95%CI 0.98, 1.07) for fruit. There is no heterogeneity between the studies. No publication bias was detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This meta-analysis suggests that total fruit or vegetable consumption may not exert a protective role in the risk of prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Hongzhou
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: Wenyi
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Zhaodian
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yuehong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shen
mesh_terms: D015331:Cohort Studies; D004032:Diet / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005638:Fruit; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D014675:Vegetables
keywords: fruit; meta-analysis; prostatic neoplasm; vegetable