title: Social Interaction Behavior in ADHD in Adults in a Virtual Trust Game.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Social cognitive functions in adults with ADHD were investigated in a virtual social exchange game.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample consisted of 40 participants (20 adult ADHD participants, 20 healthy controls). Participants played a multiround trust game with virtual trustees who differed in regard to fairness and presence of emotional facial cues.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Investments were higher in ADHD participants than in healthy participants except for partners who played fair with constant neutral expressions. ADHD patients did not adapt their behavior to the fairness of the trustee. In the presence of emotional facial cues, ADHD and healthy participants transferred more monetary units to happy rather than angry-looking trustees. Differences in investment behavior were not linked to deficits in emotion-recognition abilities or cognitive dysfunctions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Alterations in interaction behavior and in the formation of a general attitude toward social partners could be shown in adults with ADHD.
authors.affiliation: Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Germany Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany stefanie.lis@zi-mannheim.de.
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lis
authors.affiliation: Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Baer
authors.affiliation: Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Nele
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Franzen
authors.affiliation: Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Meike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hagenhoff
authors.affiliation: Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Maika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gerlach
authors.affiliation: Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Germany Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany.
authors.forename: Georgia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Koppe
authors.affiliation: Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Gebhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sammer
authors.affiliation: Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gallhofer
authors.affiliation: Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Germany Department of Clinical Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kirsch
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D003463:Cues; D004644:Emotions; D019260:Expressed Emotion; D005149:Facial Expression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D021641:Recognition, Psychology / Q000502:physiology; D012919:Social Behavior; D056345:Theory of Mind; D035502:Trust / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: ADHD; emotional cues; facial emotion recognition; fairness; social cognition; theory of mind; trust game; working memory