title: Culture condition-dependent metabolite profiling of Aspergillus fumigatus with antifungal activity.
abstract: Three sections of Aspergillus (five species, 21 strains) were classified according to culture medium-dependent and time-dependent secondary metabolite profile-based chemotaxonomy. Secondary metabolites were analysed by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS-MS) and multivariate statistical methods. From the Aspergillus sections that were cultured on malt extract agar (MEA) and Czapek yeast extract agar (CYA) for 7, 12, and 16 d, Aspergillus sections Fumigati (A. fumigatus), Nigri (A. niger), and Flavi (A. flavus, A. oryzae, and A. sojae) clustered separately on the basis of the results of the secondary metabolite analyses at 16 d regardless of culture medium. Based on orthogonal projection to latent structures discriminant analysis by partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), we identified the secondary metabolites that helped differentiate sections between A. fumigatus and Aspergillus section Flavi to be gliotoxin G, fumigatin oxide, fumigatin, pseurotin A or D, fumiquinazoline D, fumagillin, helvolic acid, 1,2-dihydrohelvolic acid, and 5,8-dihydroxy-9,12-octadecadienoic acid (5,8-diHODE). Among these compounds, fumagillin, helvolic acid, and 1,2-dihydrohelvolic acid of A. fumigatus showed antifungal activities against Malassezia furfur, which is lipophilic yeast that causes epidermal skin disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Daejung
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Gun Hee
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Son
authors.forename: Hye Min
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Jiyoung
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jung Nam
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Hyang Yeon
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Seung-Beom
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Choong Hwan
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001232:Aspergillus fumigatus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D003470:Culture Media / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D003510:Cyclohexanes / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D005672:Fusidic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D008290:Malassezia / Q000187:drug effects; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D003470:Culture Media; D003510:Cyclohexanes; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; D005672:Fusidic Acid; C026211:fumagillin; C011267:helvolic acid