title: Kinetics of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) humoral immune response in swine serum and oral fluids collected from individual boars.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The object of this study was to describe and contrast the kinetics of the humoral response in serum and oral fluid specimens during acute porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection. The study involved three trials of 24 boars each. Boars were intramuscularly inoculated with a commercial modified live virus (MLV) vaccine (Trial 1), a Type 1 PRRSV field isolated (Trial 2), or a Type 2 PRRSV field isolate (Trial 3). Oral fluid samples were collected from individual boars on day post inoculation (DPI) -7 and 0 to 21. Serum samples were collected from all boars on DPI -7, 0, 7, 14, 21 and from 4 randomly selected boars on DPI 3, 5, 10, and 17. Thereafter, serum and oral fluid were assayed for PRRSV antibody using antibody isotype-specific ELISAs (IgM, IgA, IgG) adapted to serum or oral fluid.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistically significant differences in viral replication and antibody responses were observed among the three trials in both serum and oral fluid specimens. PRRSV serum IgM, IgA, and IgG were first detected in samples collected on DPI 7, 10, and 10, respectively. Oral fluid IgM, IgA, and IgG were detected in samples collected between DPI 3 to 10, 7 to 10, and 8 to 14, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study enhanced our knowledge of the PRRSV humoral immune response and provided a broader foundation for the development and application of oral fluid antibody-based diagnostics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
authors.forename: Apisit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kittawornrat
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Engle
authors.forename: Yaowalak
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Panyasing
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Olsen
authors.forename: Kent
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rice
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lizano
authors.forename: Chong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zimmerman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000662:veterinary; D056724:Immunity, Humoral / Q000276:immunology; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000276:immunology; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000276:immunology; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000276:immunology; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D019318:Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D019316:Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D012463:Saliva / Q000821:virology; D013552:Swine / Q000097:blood / Q000821:virology; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D014765:Viral Vaccines
references.citation: J Vet Diagn Invest. 2011 Mar;23(2):248-53
references.pmid: 21398443
references.citation: Ann Rech Vet. 1976;7(4):361-72
references.pmid: 1028380
references.citation: J Vet Diagn Invest. 1995 Oct;7(4):544-6
references.pmid: 8580181
references.citation: Am J Vet Res. 1980 Aug;41(8):1214-20
references.pmid: 7192522
references.citation: Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2004 Dec 8;102(3):233-47
references.pmid: 15507308
references.citation: Vet Microbiol. 2011 Dec 29;154(1-2):58-68
references.pmid: 21831539
references.citation: Transbound Emerg Dis. 2014 Apr;61(2):177-84
references.pmid: 23046061
references.citation: J Vet Diagn Invest. 2012 Mar;24(2):262-9
references.pmid: 22379043
references.citation: Ann Rech Vet. 1977;8(2):159-65
references.pmid: 596794
references.citation: Arch Virol. 1996;141(3-4):751-61
references.pmid: 8645111
references.citation: Bratisl Lek Listy. 2002;103(1):38-41
references.pmid: 12061087
references.citation: Arch Virol. 1993;133(3-4):477-83
references.pmid: 8257302
references.citation: Transbound Emerg Dis. 2011 Apr;58(2):121-7
references.pmid: 21223532
references.citation: Periodontol 2000. 2003;31:135-66
references.pmid: 12657000
references.citation: Virus Res. 2010 Dec;154(1-2):170-6
references.pmid: 20670665
references.citation: Res Vet Sci. 1993 Jan;54(1):57-62
references.pmid: 8434149
references.citation: Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2007 Mar;1098:288-311
references.pmid: 17435136
references.citation: Anim Health Res Rev. 2010 Dec;11(2):207-16
references.pmid: 20202287
references.citation: Vet Microbiol. 1997 Apr;55(1-4):303-7
references.pmid: 9220626
references.citation: Clin Exp Immunol. 1978 Dec;34(3):417-22
references.pmid: 105828
references.citation: J Vet Diagn Invest. 1995 Jul;7(3):305-12
references.pmid: 7578443
references.citation: Adv Exp Med Biol. 1978;107:593-600
references.pmid: 369316
references.citation: J Vet Diagn Invest. 2008 Mar;20(2):156-63
references.pmid: 18319427