title: Comparative cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and cytokine secretion induced by two cyanotoxin variants, microcystin LR and RR, in human intestinal Caco-2 cells.
abstract: While MC-LR and MC-RR share significant structural similarity, MC-RR is less cytotoxic than MC-LR. In the current study, we have compared the effects of MC-LR and MC-RR in Caco-2 cells by evaluating cytotoxicity, oxidative stress (reactive oxygen species production), and the cellular proinflammatory response (IL-6 and IL-8 production). Following treatment with 100 µM microcystins (MC), cytotoxicity was two-fold greater with MC-LR as compared to MC-RR after 24 h exposure. Whereas the reactive oxygen species production and IL-6 secretion were similar following a 24-h treatment with either MC, 100 µM MC-LR induced a five-fold greater IL-8 secretion when compared to MC-RR. Our study has demonstrated that, although both MC-LR and MC-RR induced some cytotoxicity in human intestinal cells, a major difference in IL-8 production was observed between the two variants.
authors.affiliation: Contaminant Toxicology Unit, Fougères Laboratory, Anses, 10B rue Claude Bourgelat-Javené CS 40608, 35306 Fougères Cedex, France. antoine.huguet@anses.fr
authors.forename: Antoine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Huguet
authors.forename: Jérôme
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Henri
authors.forename: Mélanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Petitpas
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hogeveen
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fessard
mesh_terms: D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects*; D004396:Coloring Agents; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D020895:Enterocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism; D008387:Marine Toxins; D052998:Microcystins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009499:Neutral Red; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D008387:Marine Toxins; D052998:Microcystins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; C059087:2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-((phenylamino)carbonyl)-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide; D009499:Neutral Red; C063855:microcystin RR; C057862:cyanoginosin LR