title: Three-dimensional dixon fat-water separated rapid breathheld imaging of myocardial infarction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a breathhold three-dimensional (3D) Dixon technique for fat suppressed imaging of myocardial infarction.
  
  
  METHODS
  A pulse sequence was developed that uses a radial fan-beam k-space segmentation scheme for efficient coverage of k-space, enabling 3D scans in a single breathhold. The sequence uses a dual-echo bipolar readout to enable Dixon fat-water separation for improved visualization of epicardial and pericardial delayed enhancement. The 3D Dixon method was compared with a conventional 2D fast gradient recalled echo (FGRE) -based technique in 25 patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pericardial visualization scores and confidence were higher while overall image quality and artifacts were slightly worse for 3D Dixon compared with 2D FGRE. Robust fat suppression was achieved in 21 of 25 cases using the 3D Dixon method.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A 3D breathhold method for fat-water separated imaging of myocardial delayed enhancement was developed and validated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA.
authors.forename: Manojkumar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saranathan
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Glockner
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000473:pathology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001834:Body Water / Q000166:cytology; D062485:Breath Holding; D055424:Cardiac-Gated Imaging Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000473:pathology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013382:Subtraction Technique; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Dixon fat-water separation; infarct imaging; myocardial delayed enhancement