title: Murine double minute 2 and its association with chemoradioresistance of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Definitive chemoradiotherapy (dCRT) has been established as the standard treatment for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, many patients develop persistent or recurrent disease following dCRT. We investigated factors related to chemoradioresistance and treatment outcomes in patients with ESCC who underwent salvage esophagectomy after dCRT.
  
  
  METHODS
  We selected 38 patients with persistent disease and 24 with recurrent disease who underwent salvage esophagectomy after dCRT, immunolocalized p53, p16, p27, murine double minute 2 (MDM2), cyclin D1, Ki-67, and epidermal growth factor receptor, and correlated the findings with clinicopathological features.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MDM2 positivity was significantly higher among patients with persistent disease than among those with recurrent disease (p<0.0001). In addition, negative p16 expression was a predictor of poor prognosis among patients with persistent disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MDM2 overexpression plays an important role in chemoradioresistance of ESCC; furthermore, negative p16 expression can predict poor prognosis of patients with persistent disease.
authors.affiliation: Division of Advanced Surgical Science and Technology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan. hi-ok-0531@med.tohoku.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: Fumiyoshi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fujishima
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zuguchi
authors.forename: Go
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Miyata
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kamei
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Katsura
authors.forename: Shigeo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Taniyama
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Teshima
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Noriaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ohuchi
authors.forename: Hironobu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sasano
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016879:Salvage Therapy; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C497206:MDM2 protein, human; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2