title: Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of hydroalcoholic crude extract from Casearia sylvestris Sw. (Salicaceae).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Casearia sylvestris Sw. is widely used in popular medicine to treat inflammatory conditions.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of hydroalcoholic crude extract (HCE) taken from Casearia sylvestris Sw. (Salicaceae).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The effect of the HCE from this plant (3-300 mg/kg) on the reduction of inflammatory response to carrageenan was investigated in pleurisy in rats (intrapleural, 2% in 0.2 mL) or paw edema in mice (intraplantar, 300 μg/20 μL, right hind paw). The plant anti-inflammatory action was assessed by its capability in inhibiting cell migration, enzymatic activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and production of nitrite/nitrate or edema. The in vitro antioxidant activity of this extract against lipid peroxidation and damage to proteins was assessed as possible pathways to contribute as anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Carrageenan-induced hind paw edema (739.3 ± 11.9 μm) was reduced by HCE (30 mg/kg: 462.8 ± 28.38 μm) to similar extents as dexametasone (365.1 ± 16.7). In pleurisy, treatment of the animals with HCE (100mg/kg: 0.010 ± 0.001 mU/mg of protein) also reduced MPO activity augmented by carrageenan (0.020 ± 0.001 mU/mg of protein) as well as leukocytes migration (carrageenan: 17.8890 ± 2.3900 leukocytes/mL, HCE 100mg/kg: 7.0880 ± 9631 leukocytes/mL). Significant effects were also observed in animals treated with different doses of HCE in biochemical tests for oxidative stress analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of HCE from Casearia sylvestris Sw. suggests a potential therapeutic benefit of this plant in treatment of inflammatory conditions.
authors.affiliation: Curso de Farmácia, Av. José Acácio Moreira, 787, Bairro DEHON, 84, 700-900 Tubarão, SC, Brazil. micheline.albano@gmail.com
authors.forename: Micheline N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Albano
authors.forename: Márcia R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: da Silveira
authors.forename: Lucineia G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Danielski
authors.forename: Drielly
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Florentino
authors.forename: Fabrícia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Petronilho
authors.forename: Anna P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Piovezan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D002351:Carrageenan; D037821:Casearia; D002465:Cell Movement; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000502:physiology; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009566:Nitrates / Q000378:metabolism; D009573:Nitrites / Q000378:metabolism; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018515:Plant Leaves; D010998:Pleurisy / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012997:Solvents; D014867:Water; D000431:Ethanol; D002351:Carrageenan; D009195:Peroxidase