title: Dietary disinhibition modulates neural valuation of food in the fed and fasted states.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dietary disinhibition is a behavioral trait associated with weight gain and obesity. Because food choices are made according to the relative value assigned to each option, examination of valuation signals through functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) may elucidate the neural basis for the association between dietary disinhibition and weight gain.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We examined how food valuation signals differ in the fed and fasted states between persons with high dietary disinhibition (HD) and low dietary disinhibition (LD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen men with HD and 14 with LD underwent fMRI once while fasted and once after being fed in a counterbalanced order. In-scanner preference to consume a test food relative to a neutral-tasting, neutral-health reference food was examined. The slope of magnetic resonance signal change corresponding to these food preferences constituted the food valuation signal that was compared across disinhibition group and satiety state.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both the HD and LD participants reported being less hungry (F(1,28) = 113.11, P < 0.001) after being fed than when fasted. However, food valuation signals in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) differed between the groups (F(1,28) = 21.34, P < 0.001). Although LD participants showed attenuated vmPFC activity after being fed (t(13) = 4.11, P < 0.001), HD participants showed greater vmPFC activity in the fed than in the fasted state (t(15) = -2.56, P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite reporting normal decreases in hunger ratings after being fed, persons with HD have an altered neural valuation of food. This may be a mechanism underlying their propensity to overeat and gain weight. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00988819.
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Mary F-F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Chong
authors.forename: Jean C J
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Camilo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Libedinsky
authors.forename: Joshua J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Gooley
authors.forename: Shiqi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Verena
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Mingyi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Meaney
authors.forename: Yung Seng
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Michael W L
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Chee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002755:Choice Behavior; D004032:Diet; D005215:Fasting / Q000502:physiology*; D005518:Food Preferences; D006801:Humans; D006963:Hyperphagia; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D012527:Satiation / Q000502:physiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013649:Taste / Q000502:physiology; D015430:Weight Gain; D055815:Young Adult