title: Role of proteoglycans in the regulation of the skeletal muscle fibrotic response.
abstract: Myogenesis consists of a highly organized and regulated sequence of cellular processes aimed at forming or repairing muscle tissue. Several processes occur during myogenesis, including cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Cytokines, proteinases, cell adhesion molecules and growth factors are involved, either activating or inhibiting these events, and are modulated by a group of molecules called proteoglycans (PGs), which play critical roles in skeletal muscle physiology. Particularly interesting are some of the factors responsible for the fibrotic response associated with skeletal muscular dystrophies. Transforming growth factor-β and connective tissue growth factor have gained great attention as factors participating in the fibrotic response in skeletal muscle. This review is focused on the advances achieved in understanding the roles of proteoglycans as modulators of profibrotic growth factors in fibrosis associated with diseases such as skeletal muscle dystrophies.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración, CARE, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, P. Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. ebrandan@bio.puc.cl
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Brandan
authors.forename: Jaime
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gutierrez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055513:Connective Tissue Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D005355:Fibrosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D024510:Muscle Development / Q000502:physiology*; D018485:Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000378:metabolism*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D011509:Proteoglycans; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D055513:Connective Tissue Growth Factor
keywords: connective tissue growth factor (CTGF); fibrosis; muscular diseases; proteoglycans; transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)