title: Brain edema and blood-brain barrier opening after photothrombotic ischemia in rat.
abstract: We have examined the time course of brain edema and the blood-brain barrier opening in rat after basal ganglia ischemia induced by photothrombotic occlusion of the small vessels within the caudate-putamen. Male SD rats were anesthetized, and Rose Bengal dye was intravenously injected. The left caudo-putamen was exposed to cold white light for 5-10 min via a stereotaxically implanted optic fiber. Ischemic brain edema and the blood-brain barrier, as well as the histological changes, were assessed at various times during the following 6 weeks. Local cerebral blood flow was measured 90 min after photothrombosis by quantitative autoradiography. A round infarct with thrombosed parenchymal vessels surrounded by a layer of selective neuronal death was formed within the caudo-putamen. The ischemic lesion turned into a lacune over a period of 6 weeks. A central zone of markedly reduced blood flow and a surrounding oligemic zone were observed 90 min after light exposure. Early blood-brain barrier opening with edema was observed as early as 4 h after photothrombosis, peaked at day 1, and disappeared at 7 days after photothrombosis. In a model of lacunar infarction, we observed an early and transient brain edema and blood-brain opening after onset of ischemia.
authors.affiliation: Namegata District General Hospital, Namegata, Ibaraki, Japan. tkuroiwa-nsu@umin.ac.jp
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuroiwa
authors.forename: Guohua
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xi
authors.forename: Ya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hua
authors.forename: Tavarekere N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Nagaraja
authors.forename: Joseph D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Fenstermacher
authors.forename: Richard F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Keep
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000150:complications* / Q000209:etiology; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005070:Evans Blue; D020767:Intracranial Thrombosis / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012395:Rose Bengal; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D012395:Rose Bengal; D005070:Evans Blue