title: Biomarkers of lipid peroxidation in clinical material.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Free radical-mediated lipid peroxidation has been implicated in a number of human diseases. Diverse methods have been developed and applied to measure lipid peroxidation products as potential biomarkers to assess oxidative stress status in vivo, discover early indication of disease, diagnose progression of disease, and evaluate the effectiveness of drugs and antioxidants for treatment of disease and maintenance of health, respectively. However, standardized methods are not yet established.
  
  
  METHODS
  Characteristics of various lipid peroxidation products as biomarkers are reviewed on the basis of mechanisms and dynamics of their formation and metabolism and also on the methods of measurement, with an emphasis on the advantages and limitations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lipid hydroxides such as hydroxyoctadecadienoic acids (HODE), hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETE), and hydroxycholesterols may be recommended as reliable biomarkers. Notably, the four HODEs, 9-cis,trans, 9-trans,trans, 13-cis,trans, and 13-trans,trans-HODE, can be measured separately by LC-MS/MS and the trans,trans-forms are specific marker of free radical mediated lipid peroxidation. Further, isoprostanes and neuroprostanes are useful biomarker of lipid peroxidation. It is important to examine the distribution and temporal change of these biomarkers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the fact that lipid peroxidation products are non-specific biomarkers, they will enable to assess oxidative stress status, disease state, and effects of drugs and antioxidants. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Current methods to study reactive oxygen species - pros and cons and biophysics of membrane proteins. Guest Editor: Christine Winterbourn.
authors.affiliation: Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology, Ikeda, Osaka, 563-8577, Japan. Electronic address: etsuo-niki@aist.go.jp.
authors.forename: Etsuo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Niki
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D018384:Oxidative Stress
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Biomarker; CL; DHA; DPPP; ELISA; EPA; FL; GC; H(P)ETE; H(P)ODE; HPLC; Hydroxycholesterol; Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE); Hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (HODE); IsoP; Isoprostane; Lipid peroxidation; MS; PC; PUFA; chemiluminescence; diphenylpyrenylphosphine; docosahexaenoic acid; eicosapentaenoic acid; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; fluorescence; gas chromatography; high performance liquid chromatography; hydro(pero)xyeicosatetraenoic acid; hydro(pero)xyoctadecadienoic acid; isoprostane; mass spectrometry; phosphatidylcholine; polyunsaturated fatty acid