title: Periodontal treatment reduces matrix metalloproteinase levels in localized aggressive periodontitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of host-derived proteinases reported to mediate multiple functions associated with periodontal breakdown and inflammation. High MMP levels in African-American children with localized aggressive periodontitis (LAgP) have been reported previously by the present authors. However, little is known about MMP reductions in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) after therapy. This study aims to evaluate MMP levels in the GCF after treatment of LAgP and to correlate these levels with clinical response.
  
  
  METHODS
  GCF samples were collected from 29 African-American individuals diagnosed with LAgP. GCF was collected from one diseased site (probing depth [PD] >4 mm, bleeding on probing [BOP], and clinical attachment level ≥ 2 mm) and one healthy site (PD ≤ 3 mm, no BOP) from each individual at baseline and 3 and 6 months after periodontal treatment, which consisted of full-mouth scaling and root planing (SRP) and systemic antibiotics. The volume of GCF was controlled using a calibrated gingival fluid meter, and levels of MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-8, MMP-9, MMP-12, and MMP-13 were assessed using fluorometric kits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MMP-1, MMP-8, MMP-9, MMP-12, and MMP-13 levels were reduced significantly up to 6 months, comparable to healthy sites at the same point. Significant correlations were noted between MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-8, MMP-9, MMP-12, and MMP-13 levels and percentage of sites with PD >4 mm. MMP-3, MMP-12, and MMP-13 levels also correlated with mean PD of affected sites.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment of LAgP with SRP and systemic antibiotics was effective in reducing local levels of specific MMPs in African-American individuals, which correlated positively with some clinical parameters.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Patricia Furtado
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Suzanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McAninley
authors.forename: Barnett
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Alfant
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Harrison
authors.forename: Ikramuddin
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Aukhil
authors.forename: Clay
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: Luciana Macchion
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Shaddox
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001741:Black or African American; D010520:Aggressive Periodontitis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000628:therapy*; D000658:Amoxicillin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D012534:Dental Scaling / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000201:enzymology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / Q000032:analysis; D053508:Matrix Metalloproteinase 12 / Q000032:analysis; D053509:Matrix Metalloproteinase 13 / Q000032:analysis; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000032:analysis; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 / Q000032:analysis; D020784:Matrix Metalloproteinase 8 / Q000032:analysis; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000032:analysis; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000032:analysis*; D008795:Metronidazole / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000201:enzymology / Q000628:therapy; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000201:enzymology / Q000628:therapy; D016745:Root Planing / Q000379:methods; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D008795:Metronidazole; D000658:Amoxicillin; C507079:MMP13 protein, human; D053509:Matrix Metalloproteinase 13; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases; C511768:MMP3 protein, human; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3; C522361:MMP2 protein, human; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; C488762:MMP8 protein, human; D020784:Matrix Metalloproteinase 8; C579270:MMP9 protein, human; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; C507122:MMP12 protein, human; D053508:Matrix Metalloproteinase 12; C522360:MMP1 protein, human; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1
references.citation: Acta Odontol Scand. 2007 Feb;65(1):1-13
references.pmid: 17354089
references.citation: Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 1993;4(2):197-250
references.pmid: 8435466
references.citation: J Periodontal Res. 1987 Sep;22(5):381-9
references.pmid: 2826747
references.citation: Lancet. 2008 Jan 19;371(9608):237-42
references.pmid: 18207019
references.citation: Inflamm Res. 1997 Aug;46(8):310-9
references.pmid: 9297576
references.citation: J Periodontol. 2000 Mar;71(3):353-60
references.pmid: 10776921
references.citation: J Dent Res. 2010 Feb;89(2):143-8
references.pmid: 20042739
references.citation: J Periodontal Res. 1986 Nov;21(6):702-15
references.pmid: 3025403
references.citation: J Periodontal Res. 2005 Jun;40(3):199-207
references.pmid: 15853964
references.citation: J Dent Res. 1994 Aug;73(8):1397-406
references.pmid: 8083435
references.citation: J Clin Periodontol. 1996 Dec;23(12):1127-32
references.pmid: 8997658
references.citation: J Periodontal Res. 2012 Dec;47(6):729-39
references.pmid: 22571226
references.citation: Ann Periodontol. 1999 Dec;4(1):39-53
references.pmid: 10863374
references.citation: Ann Periodontol. 1999 Dec;4(1):1-6
references.pmid: 10863370
references.citation: Matrix Suppl. 1992;1:352-62
references.pmid: 1480060
references.citation: J Dent Res. 2011 Sep;90(9):1140-4
references.pmid: 21730256
references.citation: Oral Dis. 2004 Nov;10(6):311-8
references.pmid: 15533204
references.citation: Adv Med Sci. 2010;55(2):297-307
references.pmid: 21097444
references.citation: J Periodontol. 2008 May;79(5):819-26
references.pmid: 18454660
references.citation: Periodontol 2000. 2003;31:77-104
references.pmid: 12656997
references.citation: Coll Relat Res. 1983;3(1):33-64
references.pmid: 6340944
references.citation: Periodontol 2000. 2002;29:153-76
references.pmid: 12102707
references.citation: J Clin Periodontol. 1994 Jan;21(1):26-31
references.pmid: 8126240
references.citation: J Periodontol. 2003 Feb;74(2):188-95
references.pmid: 12666707
references.citation: J Dent Res. 2012 Oct;91(10):927-33
references.pmid: 22863892
references.citation: J Periodontol. 1993 May;64(5 Suppl):474-84
references.pmid: 8315570
references.citation: Arch Oral Biol. 1986;31(1):21-31
references.pmid: 3458436
references.citation: Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 2001 Oct;36(2-3):249-57
references.pmid: 11690622