title: Cell biological responses of osteoblasts on anodized nanotubular surface of a titanium-zirconium alloy.
abstract: Anodization of titanium and its alloys, under controlled conditions, generates a nanotubular architecture on the material surface. The biological consequences of such changes are poorly understood, and therefore, we have analyzed the cellular and molecular responses of osteoblasts that were plated on nanotubular anodized surface of a titanium-zirconium (TiZr) alloy. Upon comparing these results with those obtained on acid etched and polished surfaces of the same alloy, we observed a significant increase in adhesion and proliferation of cells on anodized surfaces as compared to acid etched or polished surface. The expression of genes related to cell adhesion was high only on anodized TiZr, but that of genes related to osteoblast differentiation and osteocalcin protein and extracellular matrix secretion were higher on both anodized and acid etched surfaces. Examination of surface morphology, topography, roughness, surface area and wettability using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and contact angle goniometry, showed that higher surface area, hydrophilicity, and nanoscale roughness of nanotubular TiZr surfaces, which were generated specifically by the anodization process, could strongly enhance the adhesion and proliferation of osteoblasts. We propose that biological properties of known bioactive titanium alloys can be further enhanced by generating nanotubular surfaces using anodization.
authors.affiliation: CSIR - Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India; Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, Victoria 3217, Australia.
authors.forename: Subhash
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sista
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nouri
authors.forename: Yuncang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Cuie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: Peter D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Hodgson
authors.forename: Gopal
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pande
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D000497:Alloys / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000494:pharmacology; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D048430:Cell Shape / Q000187:drug effects; D004566:Electrodes; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D043942:Nanotubes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D000497:Alloys; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D015675:Osteocalcin
keywords: anodization; gene expression; nanotubes; osteoblast; titanium alloy