title: Effects of iron polymaltose complex, ferrous fumarate and ferrous sulfate treatments in anemic pregnant rats, their fetuses and placentas.
abstract: Although oral iron preparations are widely prescribed to prevent and to treat iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy, comparative data on their effects to the mother, fetus and placenta are limited. In this study, the effects of oral iron polymaltose complex (IPC), ferrous fumarate (FF) and ferrous sulfate (FS) were compared in anemic pregnant rats, their fetuses and placentas. Hematological variables and oxidative stress markers in the liver, heart and kidneys of the dams and fetuses as well as the markers for oxidative stress, inflammation and hypoxia in placentas were assessed. Pregnancy outcome was measured by number of fetuses, and by neonate and placental weight. All therapies were comparably effective in correcting anemia. FS and FF, but not IPC, resulted in liver damage in dams and oxidative stress in dams, fetuses and placentas. FS group presented the highest catalase and GPx levels in dams, fetuses and placentas. IPC, but not FF or FS, restored normal TNF-α and IL6 expression levels in placentas whereas FS-treated animals presented the highest cytokine levels, suggesting a local inflammatory reaction. Anemia-induced high levels of HIF-1α were partially lowered by IPC and FF but further elevated by FS. Most of the negative effects associated with IDA were resolved by IPC treatment. Especially FS treatment was found to elicit hepatic damage in the dams, oxidative stress in the dams, fetuses and placenta as well as inflammation and high levels of HIF-1α in the placenta. Pregnancy outcome of FFand FS-treated animals was worse than that of IPC-treated animals.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Hospital Alemán, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Av. Pueyrredon, 1640, 1118 Buenos Aires, Argentina. jorgetoblli@fibertel.com.ar
authors.forename: Jorge E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Toblli
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Leda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Oliveri
authors.forename: Margarita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Angerosa
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D018798:Anemia, Iron-Deficiency / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D005296:Ferrous Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000378:metabolism; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010920:Placenta / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005290:Ferric Compounds; D005296:Ferrous Compounds; C497444:Hif1a protein, rat; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C020748:ferrous sulfate; C031621:ferrous fumarate; C013276:teferrol