title: TV parenting practices: is the same scale appropriate for parents of children of different ages?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Use multidimensional polytomous item response modeling (MPIRM) to evaluate the psychometric properties of a television (TV) parenting practices (PP) instrument. Perform differential item functioning (DIF) analysis to test whether item parameter estimates differed across education, language, or age groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  Secondary analyses of data from three studies that included 358 children between the ages of 3 and 12 years old in Houston, Texas. TV PP included 15 items with three subscales: social co-viewing, instructive parental mediation, and restrictive parenting. The multidimensional partial credit model was used to assess the performance. DIF was used to investigate the differences in psychometric properties across subgroups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Classical test theory analyses revealed acceptable internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's α: 0.72 to 0.83). More items displaying significant DIF were found across children's age groups than parental education or language groups. A Wright map revealed that items covered only a restricted range of the distribution, at the easier to respond end of the trait.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TV PP scales functioned differently on the basis of parental education, parental language, and child age, with the highest DIF among the latter. Additional research is needed to modify the scales to minimize these moderating influences. Some items may be age specific.
authors.affiliation: USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. anntzuac@bcm.edu
authors.forename: Tzu-An
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Teresia M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: O'Connor
authors.forename: Sheryl O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: Leslie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Frankel
authors.forename: Janice
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Baranowski
authors.forename: Jason A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Mendoza
authors.forename: Debbe
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Baranowski
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D016487:Parenting; D010290:Parents; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013690:Television; D013781:Texas
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