title: Bmp and Shh signaling mediate the expression of satb2 in the pharyngeal arches.
abstract: In human, mutation of the transcription factor SATB2 causes severe defects to the palate and jaw. The expression and sequence of SATB2 is highly conserved across vertebrate species, including zebrafish. We sought to understand the regulation of satb2 using the zebrafish model system. Due to the normal expression domains of satb2, we analyzed satb2 expression in mutants with disrupted Hh signaling or defective ventral patterning. While satb2 expression appears independent of Edn1 signaling, appropriate expression requires Shha, Smo, Smad5 and Hand2 function. Transplantation experiments show that neural crest cells receive both Bmp and Hh signaling to induce satb2 expression. Dorsomorphin- and cyclopamine-mediated inhibition of Bmp and Hh signaling, respectively, suggests that proper satb2 expression requires a relatively earlier Bmp signal and a later Hh signal. We propose that Bmp signaling establishes competence for the neural crest to respond to Hh signaling, thus inducing satb2 expression.
authors.affiliation: Section of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America.
authors.forename: Kelly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sheehan-Rooney
authors.forename: Mary E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Swartz
authors.forename: C Ben
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Lovely
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Dixon
authors.forename: Johann K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Eberhart
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D001934:Branchial Region / Q000166:cytology* / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism*; D004707:Endoderm / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D036961:Matrix Attachment Region Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009432:Neural Crest / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000196:embryology; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins; D036961:Matrix Attachment Region Binding Proteins; C555948:Satb2 protein, zebrafish; D014157:Transcription Factors; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins
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