title: Associations of self-esteem, dysfunctional beliefs and coping style with depression in patients with schizophrenia: a preliminary survey.
abstract: Psychological models of depression in schizophrenia have proposed that cognitive structures (e.g., self-esteem, dysfunctional beliefs) may have a role in the development and maintenance of depression. However, it has not been clear what the characteristics of these cognitive structures were in people with schizophrenia and whether they have an independent association with depression, especially in those from a Chinese cultural background. The present investigation examined 133 people with schizophrenia and 50 healthy controls and indicated that compared to the controls people with schizophrenia showed lower self-esteem, higher levels of dysfunctional beliefs and negative coping styles. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that only low frustration tolerance, problem solving and self-blame were found to be the independent correlates of depression in schizophrenia. Results are discussed with the view of clinical implications of cognitive formulation and therapy for schizophrenia in China.
authors.affiliation: Department of clinical psychology, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Lab of Mental Disorders, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Zi-Yan
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Si
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zu
authors.forename: Yu-Tao
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zhi-Hua
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Amy M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kilbourne
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brabban
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kingdon
authors.forename: Zhan-Jiang
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002681:China; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D003469:Culture; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000150:complications / Q000534:rehabilitation; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D012649:Self Concept; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Coping style; Depression; Dysfunctional beliefs; Schizophrenia; Self-esteem