title: Molecular mechanisms involved in the protective effect of the chloroform extract of Selaginella lepidophylla (Hook. et Grev.) Spring in a lithiasic rat model.
abstract: Urolithiasis is a multifaceted process, progressing from urine supersaturation to the formation of mature renal calculi. Calcium oxalate, the main component of kidney stones, has toxicological effects on renal epithelial cells. Some medicinal plants have shown pharmacological effects against renal lithiasis, such as Selaginella lepidophylla (Hook. et Grev) Spring, a plant empirically used in Mexico for its diuretic and antilithiasic activity. The plant was identified and ground, and a chloroform extract (CE) was obtained. Urolithiasis was induced in Wistar female rats by administration of ethylene glycol and ammonium chloride for 21 days. Urolithiasis rats were treated with the CE (50 mg/kg) for 21 days. Osmolality, creatinine, sodium and potassium concentrations were measured in blood and urine. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and electrolytic and water balances were calculated. Urinary oxalic acid concentration was measured. Apoptosis, lipoperoxidation, ROS and p-amino hippuric acid were determined in cortical tissue. Urolithiasis rats showed a decrease of urinary flow, GFR, electrolytic balance, renal tubular secretion and ATP concentration and increase of urinary oxalic acid, lipoperoxidation, oxidative stress and apoptosis in cortical tissue. After treatment with the CE, urinary flow rate, GFR and renal tubular secretion levels were recovered; on the other hand, serum creatinine and urinary oxalic acid decreased on day 21. CE of Selaginella lepidophylla prevented the damage caused by lithiasic process by improving the active secretion in the proximal tubules, counteracting the ROS and lipoperoxidation effects by oxalate and decreased the OAT3 expression on kidney.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Farmacología y Toxicología Renal y Hepática, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu, Esq. Manuel Luis Stampa S/N, U.P. Adolfo López Mateos, 07738, México, D.F., México.
authors.forename: Estévez-Carmona María
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Mirian
authors.forename: Narvaéz-Morales
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Juanita
authors.forename: Barbier Olivier
authors.initials: BO
authors.lastname: Christophe
authors.forename: Meléndez-Camargo María
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Estela
mesh_terms: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002725:Chloroform; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D007687:Kidney Tubules, Proximal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D029362:Organic Anion Transporters, Sodium-Independent / Q000378:metabolism; D019815:Oxalic Acid / Q000652:urine; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D032503:Selaginellaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D014554:Urination / Q000187:drug effects; D052878:Urolithiasis / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014882:Water-Electrolyte Balance / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; C423013:Abcc2 protein, rat; D029362:Organic Anion Transporters, Sodium-Independent; D010936:Plant Extracts; C114338:organic anion transport protein 3; D002725:Chloroform; D019815:Oxalic Acid; D003404:Creatinine; D005947:Glucose
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