title: Usefulness of urinary immune biomarkers in the evaluation of neonatal sepsis: a pilot project.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our hypothesis is that specific proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory urinary cytokines are useful in the diagnostic evaluation of risk for sepsis in term neonates. We conducted a pilot, prospective hospital-based longitudinal observational study to test the urine of term neonates with a 13 biomarker panel of cytokines.
  
  
  METHODS
  Infants were divided into 2 groups: The control group (n = 15) consisted of infants admitted to newborn nursery, and the test group (n = 15) consisted of infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit for presumed sepsis. Bagged urine samples were collected from 30 term neonates for testing our hypothesis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Urinary interleukin (IL)-8 (P = .004*), inducible protein (IP)-10 (P = .007*), and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 (P = .02) were significantly increased in the test group compared with the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Urinary IL-8, IP-10, and MCP-1 are proinflammatory cytokines that are increased in the neonate during an infectious inflammatory process. These may be useful predictors as an adjunct to the current protocols to recognize neonatal sepsis.
authors.affiliation: New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA. snsukumar@gmail.com
authors.forename: Sukumar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suguna Narasimhulu
authors.forename: Karen D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Hendricks-Muñoz
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Borkowsky
authors.forename: Pradeep
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mally
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000276:immunology / Q000652:urine; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10 / Q000276:immunology / Q000652:urine; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000276:immunology / Q000652:urine; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018805:Sepsis / Q000276:immunology / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C111835:CCL2 protein, human; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10; D016207:Cytokines; D016209:Interleukin-8
keywords: biomarkers; neonatal sepsis; sepsis; urinary cytokines