title: Economic burden of non-cervical cancers attributable to human papillomavirus: a European scoping review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Human papillomavirus (HPV) has an important role in the aetiology of a range of diseases, including cervical, other anogenital, and head and neck cancers, genital warts and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. This literature review was conducted to identify the available cost data for non-cervical HPV-related cancers (anal, penile, vulvar, vaginal, head and neck) in Europe and to inform discussion of methodological challenges for future economic research.
  
  
  METHODS
  The literature search was conducted using Medline and key words to identify papers published in English or French between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2011. Abstracts of major conferences were searched to identify relevant information. Structured methods were used to select references that focused on overall disease management for inclusion in the review.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 21 references from seven countries (Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, The Netherlands, Portugal, and the UK) were selected, including 11 references relating to head and neck cancers, five to anogenital cancers, and five to more than one HPV-related disease. Non-cervical cancers accounted for a substantial proportion of the economic burden of HPV-related cancers, and this burden was mainly driven by men (∼70%). A wide range of costs were reported for each disease, particularly head and neck cancers, predominantly due to disease complexity and variation in study design.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The main limitation of this study was in the search strategy, which was constrained by the key words, the database searched, and the restriction on language (English/French).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Non-cervical cancers attributable to HPV impose a substantial economic burden in Europe, and the burden is greater in men than in women. This review provides useful information for future health-economic studies assessing the impact of HPV vaccination on all HPV-related diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Economics, Sanofi Pasteur MSD, Lyon, France. epreaud@spmsd.com
authors.forename: Emmanuelle
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Préaud
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Largeron
mesh_terms: D052685:Alphapapillomavirus; D001005:Anus Neoplasms / Q000191:economics / Q000821:virology; D003218:Condylomata Acuminata / Q000191:economics / Q000821:virology; D017281:Cost of Illness; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000191:economics / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000191:economics* / Q000821:virology*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000150:complications*; D014625:Vaginal Neoplasms / Q000191:economics / Q000821:virology; D014846:Vulvar Neoplasms / Q000191:economics / Q000821:virology