title: Organized polysaccharide fibers as stable drug carriers.
abstract: Many challenges arise during the development of new drug carrier systems, and paramount among them are safety, solubility and controlled release requirements. Although synthetic polymers are effective, the possibility of side effects imposes restrictions on their acceptable use and dose limits. Thus, a new drug carrier system that is safe to handle and free from side effects is very much in need and food grade polysaccharides stand tall as worthy alternatives. Herein, we demonstrate for the first time the feasibility of sodium iota-carrageenan fibers and their distinctive water pockets to embed and release a wide variety of drug molecules. Structural analysis has revealed the existence of crystalline network in the fibers even after encapsulating the drug molecules, and iota-carrageenan maintains its characteristic and reproducible double helical structure suggesting that the composites thus produced are reminiscent of cocrystals. The melting properties of iota-carrageenan:drug complexes are distinctly different from those of either drug or iota-carrageenan fiber. The encapsulated drugs are released in a sustained manner from the fiber matrix. Overall, our research provides an elegant opportunity for developing effective drug carriers with stable network toward enhancing and/or controlling bioavailability and extending shelf-life of drug molecules using GRAS excipients, food polysaccharides, that are inexpensive and non-toxic.
authors.affiliation: Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA. janaswam@purdue.edu
authors.forename: Srinivas
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Janaswamy
authors.forename: Kristin L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Gill
authors.forename: Osvaldo H
authors.initials: OH
authors.lastname: Campanella
authors.forename: Rodolfo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pinal
mesh_terms: D001566:Benzocaine / Q000737:chemistry; D001665:Binding Sites; D001682:Biological Availability; D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D002236:Carbohydrate Conformation; D002351:Carrageenan / Q000737:chemistry*; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry*; D004339:Drug Compounding; D004548:Elasticity; D006118:Griseofulvin / Q000737:chemistry; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000737:chemistry; D007700:Kinetics; D012964:Sodium / Q000737:chemistry; D012995:Solubility; D012996:Solutions; D044366:Transition Temperature; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D012996:Solutions; D006118:Griseofulvin; D002351:Carrageenan; D012964:Sodium; D001566:Benzocaine; D007052:Ibuprofen
references.citation: Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2004 Jun 23;56(10):1453-66
references.pmid: 15191792
references.citation: Biomacromolecules. 2009 Dec 14;10(12):3157-75
references.pmid: 19921854
references.citation: J Appl Crystallogr. 2007 Feb 1;40(Pt 1):178-184
references.pmid: 19461842
references.citation: J Pharm Sci. 2006 Mar;95(3):499-516
references.pmid: 16444755
references.citation: Nature. 2004 Apr 1;428(6982):487-92
references.pmid: 15057821
references.citation: Pharm Res. 1996 Jun;13(6):820-31
references.pmid: 8792417
references.citation: Carbohydr Res. 2001 Oct 8;335(3):181-94
references.pmid: 11578634
references.citation: J Control Release. 2007 May 14;119(1):5-24
references.pmid: 17382422
references.citation: J Control Release. 1999 Nov 1;62(1-2):109-14
references.pmid: 10518642
references.citation: J Control Release. 2000 Feb 14;64(1-3):91-102
references.pmid: 10640648
references.citation: Curr Opin Chem Biol. 2002 Aug;6(4):466-71
references.pmid: 12133722
references.citation: Science. 1990 Sep 28;249(4976):1527-33
references.pmid: 2218494
references.citation: Drug Discov Today. 2008 May;13(9-10):440-6
references.pmid: 18468562
references.citation: Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2004 May 7;56(9):1257-72
references.pmid: 15109768
references.citation: Cryst Growth Des. 2009 Jun 3;9(6):2950-2967
references.pmid: 19503732
references.citation: Med Res Rev. 1994 May;14(3):353-86
references.pmid: 8007740
references.citation: Food Funct. 2012 May;3(5):503-7
references.pmid: 22418775
references.citation: Carbohydr Res. 2002 Mar 15;337(6):523-35
references.pmid: 11890890
references.citation: Curr Opin Chem Biol. 2001 Aug;5(4):447-51
references.pmid: 11470609
references.citation: Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2003 Apr;2(4):289-95
references.pmid: 12669028