title: Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans protected the cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis by inhibiting high-mobility group box protein-1.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the inhibitory effects of Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans (SSM) on cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis (AP) in a mouse model.
  
  
  METHODS
  SSM water extract (0.1, 0.5, or 1 g/kg) was administrated intraperitoneally 1 h prior to the first injection of cerulein. Once AP developed, the stable cholecystokinin analogue, cerulein was injected hourly, over a 6 h period. Blood samples were taken 6 h later to determine serum amylase, lipase, and cytokine levels. The pancreas and lungs were rapidly removed for morphological examination, myeloperoxidase assay, and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. To specify the role of SSM in pancreatitis, the pancreatic acinar cells were isolated using collagenase method. Then the cells were pre-treated with SSM, then stimulated with cerulein. The cell viability, cytokine productions and high-mobility group box protein-1 (HMGB-1) were measured. Furthermore, the regulating mechanisms of SSM action were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The administration of SSM significantly attenuated the severity of pancreatitis and pancreatitis associated lung injury, as was shown by the reduction in pancreatic edema, neutrophil infiltration, vacuolization and necrosis. SSM treatment also reduced pancreatic weight/body weight ratio, serum amylase, lipase and cytokine levels, and mRNA expression of multiple inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β. In addition, treatment with SSM inhibited HMGB-1 expression in the pancreas during AP. In accordance with in vivo data, SSM inhibited the cerulein-induced acinar cell death, cytokine, and HMGB-1 release. SSM also inhibited the activation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase, p38 and nuclear factor (NF)-κB.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that SSM plays a protective role during the development of AP and pancreatitis associated lung injury via deactivating c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase, p38 and NF-κB.
authors.affiliation: Department of Herbology, School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 540-749, South Korea.
authors.forename: Il-Joo
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Jo
authors.forename: Gi-Sang
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.forename: Kyoung-Chel
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Sun Bok
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Won-Seok
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Su-Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Jung-Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Mee-Ok
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Ho-Joon
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Sung-Joo
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D055371:Acute Lung Injury / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D000681:Amylases / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001180:Arthropod Venoms / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002108:Ceruletide; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D024243:HMGB1 Protein / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D008049:Lipase / Q000097:blood; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D010179:Pancreas / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D001180:Arthropod Venoms; D016207:Cytokines; D024243:HMGB1 Protein; C582808:HMGB1 protein, mouse; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D016328:NF-kappa B; D002108:Ceruletide; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D008049:Lipase; D000681:Amylases
keywords: Acute pancreatitis; Cytokines; High-mobility group box protein-1; Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans
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