title: Identification of tetrabromobisphenol A allyl ether and tetrabromobisphenol A 2,3-dibromopropyl ether in the ambient environment near a manufacturing site and in mollusks at a coastal region.
abstract: Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is one of the most widely used brominated flame retardants (BFRs) and has been frequently detected in the environment and biota. Recent studies have found that derivatives of TBBPA, such as TBBPA bis(allyl) ether (TBBPA BAE) and TBBPA bis(2,3-dibromopropyl) ether (TBBPA BDBPE) are present in various environmental compartments. In this work, using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-Q-TOF-MS), TBBPA allyl ether (TBBPA AE) and TBBPA 2,3-dibromopropyl ether (TBBPA DBPE) were identified in environmental samples and further confirmed by synthesized standards. Soil, sediment, rice hull, and earthworm samples collected near a BFR manufacturing plant were found to contain these two compounds. In sediments, the concentrations of TBBPA AE and TBBPA DBPE ranged from 1.0 to 346.6 ng/g of dry weight (dw) and from 0.7 to 292.7 ng/g of dw, respectively. TBBPA AE and TBBPA DBPE in earthworm and rice hull samples were similar to soil samples, which ranged from below the method limit of detection (LOD, <0.002 ng/g of dw) to 0.064 ng/g of dw and from below the LOD (<0.008 ng/g of dw) to 0.58 ng/g of dw, respectively. Furthermore, mollusks collected from the Chinese Bohai Sea were used as a bioindicator to investigate the occurrence and distribution of these compounds in the coastal environment. The detection frequencies of TBBPA AE and TBBPA DBPE were 41 and 32%, respectively, and the concentrations ranged from below LOD (<0.003 ng/g of dw) to 0.54 ng/g of dw, with an average of 0.09 ng/g of dw, for TBBPA AE, and from below LOD (<0.008 ng/g of dw) to 1.41 ng/g of dw, with an average of 0.15 ng/g of dw, for TBBPA DBPE.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Guangbo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.forename: Aifeng
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Thanh
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Chaoli
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jianjie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Miao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Jianteng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Nali
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Zhuona
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Guohua
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Yuguo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Jianbo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Sijin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Guibin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004987:Ethers / Q000737:chemistry; D008974:Mollusca; D011075:Polybrominated Biphenyls / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D004987:Ethers; D011075:Polybrominated Biphenyls; C020806:tetrabromobisphenol A