title: Unilateral condylar hyperplasia: a 3-dimensional quantification of asymmetry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Objective quantifications of facial asymmetry in patients with Unilateral Condylar Hyperplasia (UCH) have not yet been described in literature. The aim of this study was to objectively quantify soft-tissue asymmetry in patients with UCH and to compare the findings with a control group using a new method.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty 3D photographs of patients diagnosed with UCH were compared with 30 3D photographs of healthy controls. As UCH presents particularly in the mandible, a new method was used to isolate the lower part of the face to evaluate asymmetry of this part separately. The new method was validated by two observers using 3D photographs of five patients and five controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant difference (0.79 mm) between patients and controls whole face asymmetry was found. Intra- and inter-observer differences of 0.011 mm (-0.034-0.011) and 0.017 mm (-0.007-0.042) respectively were found. These differences are irrelevant in clinical practice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After objective quantification, a significant difference was identified in soft-tissue asymmetry between patients with UCH and controls. The method used to isolate mandibular asymmetry was found to be valid and a suitable tool to evaluate facial asymmetry.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. t.verhoeven@mka.umcn.nl
authors.forename: Tim J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Verhoeven
authors.forename: Jitske W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Nolte
authors.forename: Thomas J J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Maal
authors.forename: Stefaan J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Bergé
authors.forename: Alfred G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Becking
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005146:Facial Asymmetry / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008335:Mandibular Condyle / Q000473:pathology*; D015588:Observer Variation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
references.citation: Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2013 Jan;42(1):19-25
references.pmid: 22939875
references.citation: Eur J Orthod. 2009 Aug;31(4):352-6
references.pmid: 19474227
references.citation: Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2008 Jul;37(7):641-6
references.pmid: 18539435
references.citation: Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2011 Jan;40(1):11-7
references.pmid: 20970961
references.citation: Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010 Feb;137(2):168.e1-8; discussion 168-9
references.pmid: 20152669
references.citation: Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2007 Sep;132(3):279.e1-6
references.pmid: 17826592
references.citation: J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2010 Oct;68(10):2391-401
references.pmid: 20708318
references.citation: J Maxillofac Surg. 1986 Aug;14(4):183-208
references.pmid: 3461097
references.citation: J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1994 Nov;52(11):1126-32
references.pmid: 7965306
references.citation: J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2011 Feb;69(2):447-55
references.pmid: 20828911
references.citation: Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1990 Apr;19(2):65-71
references.pmid: 2111360
references.citation: J Craniofac Surg. 2009 Mar;20 Suppl 1:622-31
references.pmid: 19182686
references.citation: Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2009 Mar;38(3):267-73
references.pmid: 19167191
references.citation: Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg. 2002;17(4):318-30
references.pmid: 12593004
references.citation: Aust Dent J. 1969 Feb;14(1):12-7
references.pmid: 5252191
references.citation: Eur J Orthod. 2013 Feb;35(1):7-13
references.pmid: 21310767
references.citation: Int J Med Robot. 2007 Jun;3(2):97-110
references.pmid: 17619242
references.citation: J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2008 Feb;66(2):312-8
references.pmid: 18201615
references.citation: Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1989 Dec;68(6):673-81
references.pmid: 2594316
references.citation: J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2012 Jun;70(6):1413-25
references.pmid: 21813222
references.citation: Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2011 Nov;40(11):1252-7
references.pmid: 21514117