title: The neuroinflammatory response of postoperative cognitive decline.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Aseptic surgical trauma provokes a homeostatic neuroinflammatory response to promote healing and protect the organism from further injury. When this response is dysregulated, harmful consequences can follow, including postoperative cognitive decline.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a comprehensive search on PubMed related to postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although the precise pathogenic mechanisms for POCD remain unclear, certain risk factors are known.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mechanisms that lead to exaggerated and persistent neuroinflammation and the best way to counteract it are still unknown. AREAS FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH: It is imperative that we identify the underlying processes that increase the risk of cognitive decline in elderly surgical patients. In this review we explore non-resolution of inflammation as an underlying cause of developing exaggerated and persistent POCD. If interventions can be developed to promote resolution of neuroinflammation, the patient's postoperative recovery will be enhanced and long-term consequences can be prevented.
authors.affiliation: University of California San Francisco, 521 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143-0648, USA.
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vacas
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Degos
authors.forename: Xiaomei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Mervyn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maze
mesh_terms: D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D003704:Dementia / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: cognitive decline; neurodegeneration; neuroinflammation; surgery, sleep
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