title: Inflammation in response to n3 fatty acids in a porcine obesity model.
abstract: Fatty acids have distinct cellular effects related to inflammation and insulin sensitivity. Dietary saturated fat activates toll-like receptor 4, which in turn can lead to chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, and adipose tissue macrophage infiltration. Conversely, n3 fatty acids are generally antiinflammatory and promote insulin sensitivity, in part via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ. Ossabaw swine are a useful biomedical model of obesity. We fed Ossabaw pigs either a low-fat control diet or a diet containing high-fat palm oil with or without additional n3 fatty acids for 30 wk to investigate the effect of saturated fats and n3 fatty acids on obesity-linked inflammatory markers. The diet did not influence the inflammatory markers C-reactive protein, TNFα, IL6, or IL12. In addition, n3 fatty acids attenuated the increase in inflammatory adipose tissue CD16(-)CD14(+) macrophages induced by high palm oil. High-fat diets with and without n3 fatty acids both induced hyperglycemia without hyperinsulinemia. The high-fat only group but not the high-fat group with n3 fatty acids showed reduced insulin sensitivity in response to insulin challenge. This effect was not mediated by decreased phosphorylation of protein kinase B. Therefore, in obese Ossabaw swine, n3 fatty acids partially attenuate insulin resistance but only marginally change inflammatory status and macrophage phenotype in adipose tissue.
authors.affiliation: Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Faris
authors.forename: Rebecca L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Boddicker
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Walker-Daniels
authors.forename: Jenny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Douglas E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Spurlock
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology*; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications*; D000073878:Palm Oil; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D010938:Plant Oils; D000073878:Palm Oil
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