title: Ferumoxytol: a new, clinically applicable label for stem-cell tracking in arthritic joints with MRI.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a clinically applicable MRI technique for tracking stem cells in matrix-associated stem-cell implants, using the US FDA-approved iron supplement ferumoxytol.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ferumoxytol-labeling of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) was optimized in vitro. A total of 11 rats with osteochondral defects of both femurs were implanted with ferumoxytol- or ferumoxides-labeled or unlabeled ADSCs, and underwent MRI up to 4 weeks post matrix-associated stem-cell implant. The signal-to-noise ratio of different matrix-associated stem-cell implant was compared with t-tests and correlated with histopathology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An incubation concentration of 500 µg iron/ml ferumoxytol and 10 µg/ml protamine sulfate led to significant cellular iron uptake, T2 signal effects and unimpaired ADSC viability. In vivo, ferumoxytol- and ferumoxides-labeled ADSCs demonstrated significantly lower signal-to-noise ratio values compared with unlabeled controls (p < 0.01). Histopathology confirmed engraftment of labeled ADSCs, with slow dilution of the iron label over time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ferumoxytol can be used for in vivo tracking of stem cells with MRI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology & Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Aman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khurana
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nejadnik
authors.forename: Fanny
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chapelin
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Lenkov
authors.forename: Rakhee
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gawande
authors.forename: Sungmin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sandeep N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Nooshin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Aflakian
authors.forename: Nikita
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Derugin
authors.forename: Solomon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Messing
authors.forename: Guiting
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Tom F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Lue
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pisani
authors.forename: Heike E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Daldrup-Link
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001168:Arthritis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D058948:Cell Tracking / Q000379:methods*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide / Q000032:analysis*; D007596:Joints / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D057947:Parenteral Nutrition Solutions / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D011923:Rats, Nude; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D057947:Parenteral Nutrition Solutions; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide
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