title: Association of socioeconomic status, truncal fat and sICAM-1 with carotid intima-media thickness in adolescents: the HELENA study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure the carotid intima-media-thickness (cIMT) and to assess its determinant factors in healthy adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  319 adolescents aged 12.5-17.5 years (135 boys, 184 girls) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. cIMT and carotid diameter were measured by high-resolution B-mode ultrasound. Anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, physical activity (PA), aerobic fitness and dietary intakes were assessed. Socioeconomic status was determined with the family affluence scale (FAS 4). Serum biological markers (lipids, glucose, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, soluble adhesion molecules) were measured in a subsample of 96 adolescents.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multiple regression analysis showed that cIMT was positively associated with truncal fat (p = 0.021) and negatively with FAS 4 (p = 0.002) independently of age and blood pressure. There were no significant associations between cIMT and PA, fitness and dietary intakes. In the subsample soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 was positively correlated with cIMT (p = 0.017), independently of truncal fat, age and blood pressure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low socioeconomic conditions and increased truncal fat are associated with greater carotid intima-media-thickness in adolescents.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Investigation Centre, CIC 9301-CH&U-INSERM, University Lille-North of France, 59037 Lille, France. Christophe.Lamotte@CHRU-LILLE.FR
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lamotte
authors.forename: Catalina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Iliescu
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Beghin
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Salleron
authors.forename: Marcela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Gross
authors.forename: Ascensión
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marcos
authors.forename: Stefaan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: De Henauw
authors.forename: Luis A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Libersa
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gottrand
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity; D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood*; D008019:Life Style; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012885:Skinfold Thickness; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D050151:Subcutaneous Fat / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055105:Waist Circumference; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C573420:ICAM1 protein, human; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1