title: A reference set of health utilities for long-term survivors of prostate cancer: population-based data from Ontario, Canada.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure quality of life (QOL) and utilities for prostate cancer (PC) patients and determine their predictors.
  
  
  METHODS
  A population-based, community-dwelling, geographically diverse sample of long-term PC survivors in Ontario, Canada, was identified from the Ontario Cancer Registry and contacted through their referring physician. Consenting patients completed questionnaires by mail: Health Utilities Index (HUI 2/3), Patient Oriented Prostate Utility Scale PORPUS-U (utility), PORPUS-P (health profile), Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Prostate (FACT-P), and Prostate Cancer Index (PCI). Clinical data were obtained from chart reviews. Regression models determined the effects of a series of variables on QOL and utility.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We received questionnaires and reviewed charts for 585 patients (mean age 72.6, 2-13 years postdiagnosis). Mean utility scores were as follows: PORPUS-U = 0.92, HUI2 = 0.85, and HUI3 = 0.78. Mean health profile scores were as follows: PORPUS-P = 71.7, PCI sexual, urinary, and bowel function = 23.7, 79.1, and 84.6, respectively (0 = worst, 100 = best), and FACT-P = 125.1 (0 = worst, 156 = best). In multiple regression analyses, comorbidity and PCI urinary, sexual, and bowel function were significant predictors of other QOL measures. With all variables, 32-50 % of the variance in utilities was explained.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Many variables affect global QOL of PC survivors; only prostate symptoms and comorbidity have independent effects. Our model allows estimation of the effects of multiple factors on utilities. These utilities for long-term outcomes of PC and its treatment are valuable for decision/cost-effectiveness models of PC treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, murray.krahn@theta.utoronto.ca.
authors.forename: Murray D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Krahn
authors.forename: Karen E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Bremner
authors.forename: Shabbir M H
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Alibhai
authors.forename: Andy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tomlinson
authors.forename: Audrey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Laporte
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Naglie
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002170:Canada; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D006296:Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009864:Ontario; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D011788:Quality of Life; D019057:Quality-Adjusted Life Years; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D017741:Survivors / Q000523:psychology*
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