title: Psychosocial working conditions and cognitive complaints among Swedish employees.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cognitive complaints involving problems with concentration, memory, decision-making and thinking are relatively common in the work force. The sensitivity of both subjective and objective cognitive functioning to common psychiatric conditions, stress levels and to cognitive load makes it plausible that psychosocial working conditions play a role in cognitive complaints. Thus, this study aimed to test the associations between psychosocial work factors and cognitive complaints in nationally representative samples of the Swedish work force. Cross-sectional (n = 9751) and prospective (n = 3644; two time points two years apart) sequential multiple regression analyses were run, adjusting for general confounders, depressive- and sleeping problems. Additional prospective analyses were run adjusting for baseline cognitive complaints.
  High quantitative demands, information and communication technology (ICT) demands, under qualification and conflicts were positively associated with cognitive complaints, while social support, good resources at work and over qualification were negatively associated with cognitive complaints in all models. Skill discretion and decision authority were weakly associated with cognitive complaints. Conflicts were more strongly associated with cognitive complaints in women than in men, after adjustment for general confounders.
  Quantitative job demands, ICT demands and under qualification were positively associated with future cognitive complaints in all models, including when adjusted for baseline cognitive complaints. Decision authority was weakly positively associated with future cognitive complaints, only after adjustment for depressive- and sleeping problems respectively. Social support was negatively associated with future cognitive complaints after adjustment for general confounders and baseline cognitive complaints. Skill discretion and resources were negatively associated with future cognitive complaints after adjustment for general confounders. The associations between quantitative demands and future cognitive complaints were stronger in women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings indicate that psychosocial working conditions should be taken into account when considering cognitive complaints among employees.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden. cecilia.stenfors@psychology.su.se
authors.forename: Cecilia U D
authors.initials: CU
authors.lastname: Stenfors
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Magnusson Hanson
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Oxenstierna
authors.forename: Töres
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Theorell
authors.forename: Lars-Göran
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Nilsson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D003220:Conflict, Psychological; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology*; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016272:Occupational Health; D011446:Prospective Studies; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D012944:Social Support; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D016526:Workload / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017132:Workplace / Q000523:psychology*
references.citation: J Occup Health Psychol. 1998 Oct;3(4):322-55
references.pmid: 9805280
references.citation: Nat Rev Neurosci. 2009 Jun;10(6):410-22
references.pmid: 19455173
references.citation: Scand J Public Health. 2008 Sep;36(7):737-43
references.pmid: 18684778
references.citation: Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2009 Apr;82(5):631-41
references.pmid: 18936956
references.citation: Scand J Public Health. 2008 Jan;36(1):21-7
references.pmid: 18426781
references.citation: Scand J Psychol. 2011 Feb;52(1):71-82
references.pmid: 20964695
references.citation: Front Behav Neurosci. 2009 Jan 15;2:5
references.pmid: 19169362
references.citation: Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2009 Apr;119(4):298-303
references.pmid: 19032701
references.citation: Sleep. 2011 Oct 01;34(10):1403-10
references.pmid: 21966072
references.citation: Biol Psychiatry. 2006 Oct 15;60(8):867-73
references.pmid: 16934773
references.citation: Psychol Med. 2004 Nov;34(8):1495-506
references.pmid: 15724880
references.citation: Physiol Behav. 2007 Feb 28;90(2-3):209-18
references.pmid: 17049569
references.citation: Int J Nurs Stud. 2008 Oct;45(10):1460-9
references.pmid: 18221742
references.citation: Biol Psychol. 2007 Jan;74(1):60-6
references.pmid: 16942831
references.citation: J Genet Psychol. 2011 Jul-Sep;172(3):266-84
references.pmid: 21902005
references.citation: Scand J Public Health. 2010 Feb;38(3 Suppl):81-9
references.pmid: 21172774
references.citation: Br J Psychol. 1990 Feb;81 ( Pt 1):1-16
references.pmid: 2322763
references.citation: J Psychosom Res. 1997 Jul;43(1):35-42
references.pmid: 9263929
references.citation: Br J Psychol. 1991 May;82 ( Pt 2):137-51
references.pmid: 1873649
references.citation: Int J Behav Med. 2006;13(1):1-7
references.pmid: 16503835
references.citation: Br J Clin Psychol. 1982 Feb;21(1):1-16
references.pmid: 7126941
references.citation: J Clin Epidemiol. 2012 Feb;65(2):199-205
references.pmid: 21889305
references.citation: J Occup Health Psychol. 2002 Oct;7(4):283-301
references.pmid: 12396063
references.citation: BMC Public Health. 2010 Apr 26;10:210
references.pmid: 20420702
references.citation: Stress. 2012 Nov;15(6):589-600
references.pmid: 22168599
references.citation: Stress. 2009 Jan;12(1):70-81
references.pmid: 18951245
references.citation: Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2000 Nov;15(11):983-91
references.pmid: 11113976
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2012 Sep;62(3):2055-64
references.pmid: 22584223
references.citation: Scand J Work Environ Health. 2007 Jun;33(3):223-32
references.pmid: 17572832
references.citation: Scand J Work Environ Health. 2001 Aug;27(4):279-86
references.pmid: 11560342
references.citation: Scand J Work Environ Health. 2006 Dec;32(6):443-62
references.pmid: 17173201
references.citation: J Appl Psychol. 2003 Aug;88(4):741-9
references.pmid: 12940412
references.citation: J Appl Psychol. 2001 Jun;86(3):499-512
references.pmid: 11419809
references.citation: Scand J Work Environ Health. 2006 Dec;32(6):421-30
references.pmid: 17173199
references.citation: Psychol Aging. 2010 Mar;25(1):74-83
references.pmid: 20230129
references.citation: Occup Environ Med. 2009 Jan;66(1):32-7
references.pmid: 18805883
references.citation: Scand J Work Environ Health. 2005 Dec;31(6):438-49
references.pmid: 16425585
references.citation: Cardiol Rev. 2009 Mar-Apr;17(2):83-97
references.pmid: 19367150
references.citation: J Psychosom Res. 2002 Sep;53(3):741-8
references.pmid: 12217447
references.citation: Alzheimers Dement. 2010 Jan;6(1):11-24
references.pmid: 20129317
references.citation: Stress. 2012 Sep;15(5):503-13
references.pmid: 22217254
references.citation: Biol Psychol. 2005 Jul;69(3):271-9
references.pmid: 15925030
references.citation: Neuropsychology. 2011 Jan;25(1):125-30
references.pmid: 20919769
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Oct 9;109(41):16474-9
references.pmid: 22988126
references.citation: Can J Psychiatry. 2006 Feb;51(2):63-75
references.pmid: 16989105
references.citation: Biol Psychiatry. 2009 Jul 1;66(1):25-32
references.pmid: 19403118
references.citation: Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2006;22(5-6):471-85
references.pmid: 17047326
references.citation: Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2002 Apr;75(4):252-8
references.pmid: 11981659
references.citation: J Sleep Res. 2009 Sep;18(3):374-83
references.pmid: 19493298
references.citation: J Adv Nurs. 2005 Jan;49(1):59-67
references.pmid: 15610382
references.citation: Scand J Psychol. 2005 Oct;46(5):429-37
references.pmid: 16179025
references.citation: Psychol Med. 2001 Apr;31(3):441-9
references.pmid: 11305852
references.citation: J Abnorm Psychol. 1998 May;107(2):179-92
references.pmid: 9604548
references.citation: Psychosomatics. 2003 Nov-Dec;44(6):461-70
references.pmid: 14597680
references.citation: Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2011 Nov;96(4):553-63
references.pmid: 21704176
references.citation: J Appl Psychol. 2012 Mar;97(2):360-90
references.pmid: 21842974
references.citation: Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2009 Aug;82(8):951-60
references.pmid: 19238422
references.citation: J Affect Disord. 2002 Nov;72(2):157-65
references.pmid: 12200206
references.citation: Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2006;8(4):367-81
references.pmid: 17290796
references.citation: Soc Sci Med. 2008 Mar;66(5):1019-33
references.pmid: 18180090
references.citation: Stress. 2006 Sep;9(3):133-41
references.pmid: 17035163
references.citation: Neuropsychologia. 2007 Apr 8;45(7):1571-9
references.pmid: 17227678
references.citation: J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol. 1993 Apr-Jun;6(2):105-11
references.pmid: 8512626
references.citation: Br J Psychiatry. 2001 Oct;179:308-16
references.pmid: 11581110
references.citation: J Atten Disord. 2011 Jan;15(1):46-55
references.pmid: 19794137
references.citation: Chronobiol Int. 2008 Apr;25(2):333-48
references.pmid: 18484368
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Jan 20;106(3):912-7
references.pmid: 19139412
references.citation: Eur J Appl Physiol. 2011 Nov;111(11):2791-803
references.pmid: 21409399
references.citation: Rev Neurol. 2010 Dec 1;51(11):650-60
references.pmid: 21108227
references.citation: Psychol Health. 2001 Sep;16(5):527-45
references.pmid: 22804497