title: Control of blood vessel identity: from embryo to adult.
abstract: Arteries and veins have been historically defined by the direction of blood flow and oxygen tension within the vessel, in addition to their functional, hemodynamic, and anatomical differences. It is now known that the molecular identity of these vessels is genetically predetermined, with specific molecular pathways activated during the development of arteries and veins. Eph-B4 is a determinant of venous differentiation and Ephrin-B2 is a determinant of arterial differentiation. Placement of a vein into the higher pressure and flow of the arterial circulation results in adaptation of the vein to the arterial environment. There is selective loss of Eph-B4 expression without induction of Ephrin-B2 expression during vein graft adaptation. These findings suggest that loss of venous identity is the crucial mechanism in vein graft adaptation and that developmentally critical determinants of vessel identity are plastic during adult life.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA ; Department of the Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA ; Saint Mary's Health System, Waterbury, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Tiffany T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Fancher
authors.forename: Akihito
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Muto
authors.forename: Tamara N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Fitzgerald
authors.forename: Dania
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Magri
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gortler
authors.forename: Toshiya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishibe
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dardik
keywords: Eph-B4; Ephrin-B2; Notch; arterialization; venous identity
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Apr 10;98(8):4478-85
references.pmid: 11296290
references.citation: Clin Cancer Res. 2005 Sep 15;11(18):6450-8
references.pmid: 16166419
references.citation: Cell Tissue Res. 2003 Oct;314(1):43-59
references.pmid: 14505031
references.citation: Nat Neurosci. 2004 May;7(5):501-9
references.pmid: 15107857
references.citation: Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2005 Jan;83(1):14-23
references.pmid: 15759046
references.citation: Mol Cell. 1999 Sep;4(3):403-14
references.pmid: 10518221
references.citation: Development. 2001 Oct;128(19):3675-83
references.pmid: 11585794
references.citation: J R Soc Med. 1985 Jul;78(7):582-7
references.pmid: 3892001
references.citation: J Hematother Stem Cell Res. 2002 Feb;11(1):5-7
references.pmid: 11846999
references.citation: Clin Cardiol. 1985 Apr;8(4):244-6
references.pmid: 3886242
references.citation: Cardiol J. 2007;14(2):214-5
references.pmid: 18651462
references.citation: Neuron. 1996 Jul;17(1):9-19
references.pmid: 8755474
references.citation: Cell Cycle. 2005 Mar;4(3):407-10
references.pmid: 15725724
references.citation: Recenti Prog Med. 1997 Nov;88(11):541-6
references.pmid: 9446158
references.citation: Cardiovasc Res. 2001 Feb 16;49(3):507-21
references.pmid: 11166264
references.citation: Nature. 2001 Nov 8;414(6860):216-20
references.pmid: 11700560
references.citation: J Pathol. 2007 Jul;212(3):237-48
references.pmid: 17503412
references.citation: Nat Med. 2000 Apr;6(4):389-95
references.pmid: 10742145
references.citation: Annu Rev Neurosci. 1998;21:309-45
references.pmid: 9530499
references.citation: Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2007 Feb;8(1):35-42
references.pmid: 17311551
references.citation: Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2004 Oct;16(5):580-9
references.pmid: 15363810
references.citation: Neuroscientist. 2004 Aug;10(4):304-14
references.pmid: 15271258
references.citation: Am J Physiol. 1999 Sep;277(3):H1167-77
references.pmid: 10484439
references.citation: J Vasc Surg. 2006 Oct;44(4):863-70
references.pmid: 17012009
references.citation: Genes Dev. 2004 Apr 15;18(8):901-11
references.pmid: 15107403
references.citation: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2003 Jul 1;23(7):1143-51
references.pmid: 12676799
references.citation: Cancer Res. 2006 Sep 1;66(17):8501-10
references.pmid: 16951162
references.citation: Kidney Int. 1999 Sep;56(3):794-814
references.pmid: 10469350
references.citation: Nat Med. 1999 Dec;5(12):1359-64
references.pmid: 10581076
references.citation: J Vasc Surg. 1986 Feb;3(2):204-15
references.pmid: 3511302
references.citation: Development. 2001 Sep;128(17):3359-70
references.pmid: 11546752
references.citation: Mol Cell Neurosci. 1996;8(2-3):199-209
references.pmid: 8918835
references.citation: Dev Biol. 1998 May 15;197(2):248-69
references.pmid: 9630750
references.citation: Nature. 2005 May 5;435(7038):98-104
references.pmid: 15875024
references.citation: Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2002 Jul;3(7):475-86
references.pmid: 12094214
references.citation: Cell. 1998 May 29;93(5):741-53
references.pmid: 9630219
references.citation: Ann Surg. 1986 Apr;203(4):339-45
references.pmid: 3516084
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Mar 14;92(6):1866-70
references.pmid: 7534404
references.citation: Cardiovasc Res. 2001 Feb 16;49(3):568-81
references.pmid: 11166270
references.citation: Genes Dev. 1999 Feb 1;13(3):295-306
references.pmid: 9990854
references.citation: Int J Cardiol. 2005 Feb 28;98(3):519-21
references.pmid: 15708193
references.citation: Nat Med. 2001 Jun;7(6):706-11
references.pmid: 11385508
references.citation: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2007 Jul;27(7):1562-71
references.pmid: 17463332
references.citation: Cancer. 2002 Feb 15;94(4):934-9
references.pmid: 11920461
references.citation: Blood. 2005 Feb 1;105(3):1310-8
references.pmid: 15471957
references.citation: Trends Cardiovasc Med. 2004 Nov;14(8):308-13
references.pmid: 15596107
references.citation: Exp Cell Res. 1999 Nov 25;253(1):25-33
references.pmid: 10579908
references.citation: Dev Cell. 2002 Jul;3(1):127-36
references.pmid: 12110173
references.citation: Sci STKE. 2006 Oct 03;2006(355):pe39
references.pmid: 17018851