title: Allergen chip diagnosis for soy-allergic patients: Gly m 4 as a marker for severe food-allergic reactions to soy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gly m 5 and Gly m 6 are known to induce severe reactions in soy-allergic patients. For birch pollen (BP)-allergic patients, the Bet v 1 homologous allergen Gly m 4 is also a potential trigger of generalized severe reactions upon soy consumption. Therefore, reliable component-resolved diagnosis of soy allergy is needed.
  
  
  METHODS
  IgE reactivity from sera of 20 patients from a BP environment with reported soy allergy was assessed. Skin prick tests (SPT) with BP and soy drink were performed. Specific IgE for BP, soy, Bet v 1 and Gly m 4 was analyzed by ImmunoCAP. In addition, ISAC microarray profiling was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nineteen of 20 patients were BP allergic (positive SPT and/or CAP results for BP extract and Bet v 1). Eighteen soy-allergic patients were tested positive with soy drink in SPT. Soy CAP results were negative in the majority of tests (15/20), whereas 19/20 sera had specific IgE to Gly m 4. In the microarray approach, 14/20 sera displayed Gly m 4-specific IgE, the additional 6 sera had IgE levels below 0.3 ISAC standardized units. The BP-negative serum had Gly m 5- and Gly m 6-specific IgE which correlated with positive soy ImmunoCAP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Soy sensitization detected by SPT and Gly m 4 ImmunoCAP were in good qualitative agreement with ISAC results. Soy ImmunoCAP was only specific for Gly m 5 and Gly m 6 sensitization. Gly m 4 ImmunoCAP has a higher sensitivity than ImmunoCAP ISAC. In this patient cohort, Gly m 4 sensitization was linked to the development of severe and generalized allergic reactions upon soy consumption.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Berneder
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bublin
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hoffmann-Sommergruber
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hawranek
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000485:Allergens / Q000276:immunology; D052179:Antigens, Plant / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D002648:Child; D003955:Diagnostic Tests, Routine / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000175:diagnosis*; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D046228:Microarray Analysis / Q000592:standards*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013025:Glycine max / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D052179:Antigens, Plant; D015415:Biomarkers; C530536:Gly m 4 allergen, Glycine max; D007073:Immunoglobulin E
references.citation: Clin Exp Allergy. 2003 Oct;33(10):1443-9
references.pmid: 14519153
references.citation: J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009 Feb;123(2):452-8
references.pmid: 18996574
references.citation: Clin Chem Lab Med. 2011 Feb;49(2):277-80
references.pmid: 21143018
references.citation: Allergy. 2010 Oct;65(10):1348-9
references.pmid: 20219061
references.citation: Allergy. 2011 Aug;66(8):1125-7
references.pmid: 21371046
references.citation: J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006 Aug;118(2):481-8
references.pmid: 16890775
references.citation: J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2002 Nov;110(5):797-804
references.pmid: 12417891