title: Adaptive behavior and later school achievement in children with early-onset epilepsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether early measures of adaptive behavior are predictive of later school difficulties and achievement in otherwise neurotypical (unimpaired) children with onset of epilepsy during the preschool years.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective cohort study, parents completed the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (VABS) for children who were aged 5 years or less at epilepsy diagnosis. Eight to 9 years later, the children were assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children (WISC), the Wide Range Achievement Test (WRAT), and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Associations of VABS scores with later WRAT and CBCL scores were tested.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 108 neurotypical children (64 males, 44 females; mean age at testing 11 y 11 mo, SD 2 y) were studied. After adjustment for IQ and other factors, there was an increase of 0.15 points (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.03-0.27 points; p=0.03) and 0.14 points (95% CI 0.0-0.28 points; p=0.05) in WRAT reading and spelling scores for each 1-point increment in the VABS communication score. Corresponding numbers for the VABS socialization score were 0.20 (95% CI 0.08-0.32; p=0.005) and 0.17 (95% CI 0.05-0.29; p=0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In neurotypical preschool children with epilepsy, early social and communication scores predict later school performance. These findings raise questions about opportunities for early identification and intervention for children at greatest risk.
authors.affiliation: Epilepsy Center, Ann and Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Anne T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Berg
authors.forename: Rochelle
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Caplan
authors.forename: Christine B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Baca
authors.forename: Barbara G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Vickrey
mesh_terms: D000124:Achievement; D000223:Adaptation, Psychological / Q000502:physiology*; D000293:Adolescent; D017668:Age of Onset; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies
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