title: Hydrolysis of macroalgae using heterogeneous catalyst for bioethanol production.
abstract: Utilization of macroalgae biomass for bioethanol production appears as an alternative source to lignocellulosic materials. In this study, for the first time, Amberlyst (TM)-15 was explored as a potential catalyst to hydrolyze carbohydrates from Eucheuma cottonii extract to simple reducing sugar prior to fermentation process. Several important hydrolysis parameters were studied for process optimization including catalyst loading (2-5%, w/v), reaction temperature (110-130°C), reaction time (0-2.5 h) and biomass loading (5.5-15.5%, w/v). Optimum sugar yield of 39.7% was attained based on the following optimum conditions: reaction temperature at 120°C, catalyst loading of 4% (w/v), 12.5% (w/v) of biomass concentration and reaction time of 1.5h. Fermentation of the hydrolysate using Saccharomyces cerevisiae produced 0.33 g/g of bioethanol yield with an efficiency of 65%. The strategy of combining heterogeneous-catalyzed hydrolysis and fermentation with S. cerevisiae could be a feasible strategy to produce bioethanol from macroalgae biomass.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, Seri Ampangan, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Inn Shi
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Man Kee
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: Keat Teong
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D056804:Biofuels; D018533:Biomass; D002384:Catalysis; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry; D000431:Ethanol / Q000378:metabolism*; D005285:Fermentation; D006868:Hydrolysis; D007700:Kinetics; D058086:Microalgae / Q000737:chemistry*; D000461:Rhodophyta / Q000737:chemistry*; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000378:metabolism; D013343:Styrenes / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D056804:Biofuels; D003470:Culture Media; D013343:Styrenes; C554577:amberlyst A21; C528218:amberlyst-15; D000431:Ethanol