title: Development of schizotypal symptoms following psychiatric disorders in childhood or adolescence.
abstract: It was examined how juvenile psychiatric disorders and adult schizotypal symptoms are associated. 731 patients of the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry of the University Medical Centre Utrecht, the Netherlands, with mean age of 12.1 years (SD = 4.0) were reassessed at the mean age of 27.9 years (SD = 5.7) for adult schizotypal symptoms using the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-Revised (Vollema, Schizophr Bull 26(3):565-575, 2000). Differences between 13 juvenile DSM categories and normal controls (n = 80) on adult schizotypal total and factor scores were analyzed, using (M)ANCOVA. Pervasive developmental disorders (PDD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorders (ADHD), deferred diagnosis, sexual and gender identity disorders and depressive disorders had higher SPQ total scores when compared to normal controls (p < 0.001). Higher levels of disorganized schizotypal symptoms were found for PDD, ADHD, and deferred diagnosis (p < 0.001). The same diagnostic groups showed higher level of negative schizotypal symptoms, which was likewise true for sexual and gender identity disorders, depressive disorders, disruptive disorders, and the category of 'Other conditions that may be a focus of clinical attention' (p < 0.001). No differences with normal controls were found for adult positive schizotypal symptoms (p < 0.110). The current findings are suggestive of the idea that psychiatric disorders in childhood or adolescence are a more general expression of a liability to schizophrenia spectrum pathology in future life. In addition, specific patterns of adult schizotypal symptomatology are associated with different types of juvenile psychiatric disorder.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Child and Adolescent Studies, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2300 RB, Leiden, Zuid Holland, The Netherlands, sfagel@fsw.leidenuniv.nl.
authors.forename: Selene S A A
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Fagel
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Swaab
authors.forename: Leo M J
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: De Sonneville
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Van Rijn
authors.forename: Jolijn K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Pieterse
authors.forename: Floor
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Scheepers
authors.forename: Herman
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Van Engeland
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000150:complications; D002659:Child Development Disorders, Pervasive / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009426:Netherlands; D010552:Personality Assessment; D010555:Personality Inventory; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D012569:Schizotypal Personality Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
references.citation: Schizophr Bull. 1994;20(1):191-201
references.pmid: 8197415
references.citation: J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2004 Jul;111(7):891-902
references.pmid: 15206005
references.citation: Br J Psychiatry. 1975 Sep;127:231-4
references.pmid: 1102046
references.citation: Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1997 Dec;6(4):181-90
references.pmid: 9442996
references.citation: Br J Psychiatry. 1991 Feb;158:171-6
references.pmid: 2012907
references.citation: Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1987 Sep 19;295(6600):681-2
references.pmid: 3117295
references.citation: J Clin Psychiatry. 1998;59 Suppl 20:22-33;quiz 34-57
references.pmid: 9881538
references.citation: J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2005 Jun;15(3):434-51
references.pmid: 16092909
references.citation: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1987 Jul;44(7):660-9
references.pmid: 3606332
references.citation: Schizophr Res. 2003 Jan 1;59(1):85-92
references.pmid: 12413647
references.citation: J Abnorm Psychol. 2007 May;116(2):279-289
references.pmid: 17516761
references.citation: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1986 Aug;43(8):771-7
references.pmid: 3729672
references.citation: Issues Med Ethics. 2001 Jan-Mar;9(1):29
references.pmid: 16334459
references.citation: Schizophr Bull. 2000;26(3):603-18
references.pmid: 10993401
references.citation: J Autism Dev Disord. 2001 Feb;31(1):19-28
references.pmid: 11439750
references.citation: Br J Psychiatry. 1995 Apr;166(4):489-95
references.pmid: 7795921
references.citation: Br J Psychiatry. 1992 Mar;160:401-4
references.pmid: 1562869
references.citation: Science. 2013 Jan 18;339(6117):335-9
references.pmid: 23329051
references.citation: Br J Psychiatry. 1998 Apr;172:308-13; discussion 314-5
references.pmid: 9715332
references.citation: Br J Psychiatry. 1987 Aug;151:145-51
references.pmid: 3690102
references.citation: Compr Psychiatry. 1995 Nov-Dec;36(6):421-7
references.pmid: 8565446
references.citation: Pediatrics. 1967 Mar;39(3):393-9
references.pmid: 6018969
references.citation: J Autism Dev Disord. 1991 Sep;21(3):291-301
references.pmid: 1938775
references.citation: Schizophr Res. 2001 Dec 1;52(3):231-9
references.pmid: 11705716
references.citation: Schizophr Res. 2002 Mar 1;54(1-2):39-45
references.pmid: 11853977
references.citation: J Nerv Ment Dis. 1977 May;164(5):333-9
references.pmid: 864446
references.citation: Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1993 Apr;87(4):237-8
references.pmid: 8488743
references.citation: Schizophr Res. 2010 Feb;116(2-3):159-67
references.pmid: 19783124
references.citation: J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2013 Jul;19(6):646-55
references.pmid: 23425682
references.citation: Psychopathology. 2012;45(4):235-43
references.pmid: 22627702
references.citation: J Autism Dev Disord. 2008 Sep;38(8):1474-84
references.pmid: 18297385
references.citation: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1988 Apr;45(4):377-83
references.pmid: 3281628
references.citation: Schizophr Bull. 2000;26(2):395-410
references.pmid: 10885639
references.citation: Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 1995;245(2):61-9
references.pmid: 7654790
references.citation: Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2006;2:291-326
references.pmid: 17716072
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 1999 Sep;156(9):1328-35
references.pmid: 10484941
references.citation: Schizophr Bull. 1991;17(4):555-64
references.pmid: 1805349
references.citation: J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2008;115(1):135-8
references.pmid: 17768593
references.citation: J Consult Clin Psychol. 1976 Jun;44(3):363-75
references.pmid: 932265
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 1975 Sep;132(9):962-4
references.pmid: 1098484
references.citation: J Abnorm Psychol. 1994 May;103(2):171-83
references.pmid: 8040487
references.citation: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2003 Jul;60(7):709-17
references.pmid: 12860775
references.citation: Schizophr Bull. 2000;26(3):565-75
references.pmid: 10993398
references.citation: Schizophr Res. 2002 Mar 1;54(1-2):169-75
references.pmid: 11853991
references.citation: Psychopathology. 2009;42(5):325-32
references.pmid: 19672135
references.citation: Schizophr Res. 2000 Aug 3;44(2):121-8
references.pmid: 10913743
references.citation: J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2005 Jun;15(3):465-76
references.pmid: 16092911
references.citation: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1989 Oct;46(10):935-44
references.pmid: 2552952