title: Endoscopic approach to the patient with motility disorders of the bile duct and sphincter of Oddi.
abstract: Since its original description by Oddi in 1887, the sphincter of Oddi has been the subject of much study. Furthermore, the clinical syndrome of sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (SOD) and its therapy are controversial areas. Nevertheless, SOD is commonly diagnosed and treated by physicians. This article reviews the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and current diagnostic and therapeutic modalities of SOD.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
authors.forename: Wesley D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: Stuart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sherman
mesh_terms: D001652:Bile Ducts / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; D004106:Dilatation; D006801:Humans; D008365:Manometry; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000209:etiology; D012008:Recurrence; D009803:Sphincter of Oddi / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D046628:Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D016717:Sphincterotomy, Endoscopic; D015607:Stents; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A; D009543:Nifedipine