title: [Detection the pathogens and analysis the clinical characteristics in children with hand, foot and mouth disease in Shanghai during 2009-2011].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the epidemic characteristics of etiological agents and analyze the clinic differences in children with hand, foot and mouth diseases in Shanghai.
  
  
  METHODS
  Collection 551 specimens including vesicle fluid, stool and throat swabs to detect the pathogens. The positive rates were tested by RT-PCR assay with Enterovirus consensus primer and specific primer for Enterovirus 71 (EV71) and Coxsackie A16 (CoxA16), respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of 357 patients, the overall positive rate was 79.7%. CoxA16 infection was mainly popular in 2009, EV71 was mainly popular in 2011. The epidemic characteristics of enterovirus infection within 2009-2011 had significant differences (P = 0.005). The positive rate of vesicle fluid was highest. The concurrent rate of fever and tendency to be frightened had significant differences in three patients' groups. The count of the peripheral white blood cells and the ratio of the neutrophil in the patients with EV71 infection was higher than that in the patients with CoxA16 or PE infection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HFMD showed alternant epidemic characteristics at different times of enterovirus infection in Shanghai. Analyzing the differences of clinic characteristic of EV71 and CoxA16 infection is helpful to prevent and control EV71 infection.
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Children Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University affiliated Children Hospital, Shanghai 200040, China.
authors.forename: Hai-Yun
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Qiao
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Sheng
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sheng
authors.forename: Bi-Zheng
authors.initials: BZ
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Yao-Wen
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yu-Cai
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Zhanag
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China; D029821:Enterovirus A, Human / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005260:Female; D006232:Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D013997:Time Factors