title: Cutaneous alpha, beta and gamma human papillomaviruses in relation to squamous cell carcinoma of the skin: a population-based study.
abstract: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is common worldwide and, in immunodeficient populations, may contribute to the pathogenesis of keratinocyte cancers, particularly squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). However, their role in SCC in the general population is less clear. We conducted a comprehensive analysis to investigate the independent effects of seropositivity for cutaneous alpha, beta and gamma HPV types on risk of SCC, and a meta-analysis of the available literature. In a population-based case-control study from New Hampshire, USA (n = 1,408), histologically confirmed SCC cases and controls were tested for L1 antibodies to alpha, beta and gamma cutaneous HPV types 2-5, 7-10, 15, 17, 20, 23, 24, 27b, 36, 38, 48-50, 57, 65, 75-77, 88, 92, 95, 96, 101, 103 and 107 using multiplex serology. An increasing risk of SCC with number of beta HPVs to which an individual tested positive was observed even among those seronegative for gamma types (p for trend = 0.016) with an odds ratio of 1.95 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.07-3.56) for four or more beta types positive. In a meta-analysis of six case-control studies, increased SCC risks in relation to beta HPV seropositivity were found across studies (meta odds ratio = 1.45, CI = 1.27-1.66). While the prevalence of gamma HPVs assayed was somewhat higher among SCC cases than controls, the association was only weakly evident among those seronegative for beta HPVs. Overall, the association between cutaneous HPVs and skin cancers appears to be specific to SCC and to genus beta HPVs in a general US population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community and Family Medicine and The Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA.
authors.forename: Shohreh F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Farzan
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Waterboer
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gui
authors.forename: Heather H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: Zhongze
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Kristina M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Michael
authors.forename: Ann E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Perry
authors.forename: Steven K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Spencer
authors.forename: Eugene
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Demidenko
authors.forename: Adele C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pawlita
authors.forename: Margaret R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Karagas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D052685:Alphapapillomavirus; D052686:Betapapillomavirus; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000821:virology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D052689:Gammapapillomavirus; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012867:Skin / Q000821:virology; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000821:virology; D014481:United States
keywords: case-control; human papillomavirus; meta-analysis; population-based; squamous cell carcinoma
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