title: Differential expression of PRAMEL1, a cancer/testis antigen, during spermatogenesis in the mouse.
abstract: PRAME belongs to a group of cancer/testis antigens (CTAs) that are characterized by their restricted expression in normal gametogenic tissues and a variety of tumors. The PRAME family is one of the most amplified gene families in the mouse and other mammalian genomes. Members of the PRAME gene family encode leucine-rich repeat (LRR) proteins functioning as transcription regulators in cancer cells. However, the role of PRAME in normal gonads is unknown. The objective of this study is to characterize the temporal and spatial expression of the mouse Pramel1 gene, and to determine the cellular localization of the PRAMEL1 protein during the mouse spermatogenesis. Our results indicated that the mouse Pramel1 was expressed in testis only. The mRNA and protein expression level was low in the newborn testes, and gradually increased from 1- to 3-week-old testes, and then remained constant after three weeks of age. Immunofluorescent staining on testis sections with the mouse PRAMEL1 antibody revealed that PRAMEL1 was localized in the cytoplasm of spermatocytes and the acrosomal region of round, elongating and elongated spermatids. Further analyses on the testis squash preparation and spermatozoa at a subcellular level indicated that the protein localization patterns of PRAMEL1 were coordinated with morphological alterations during acrosome formation in spermatids, and were significantly different in connecting piece, middle piece and principal piece of the flagellum between testicular and epididymal spermatozoa. Collectively, our results suggest that PRAMEL1 may play a role in acrosome biogenesis and sperm motility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Center for Reproductive Biology and Health (CRBH), College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Bhavesh V
authors.initials: BV
authors.lastname: Mistry
authors.forename: Yaqi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Ti-Cheng
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yasue
authors.forename: Mitsuru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chiba
authors.forename: Jon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oatley
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Diaz
authors.forename: Wan-Sheng
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D019085:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Direct; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013091:Spermatogenesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000378:metabolism*; D013737:Testis / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm
references.citation: PLoS One. 2012;7(8):e42822
references.pmid: 22912744
references.citation: Biol Reprod. 1995 Sep;53(3):579-90
references.pmid: 7578682
references.citation: Dev Genet. 1995;16(2):95-103
references.pmid: 7736670
references.citation: Nat Methods. 2004 Dec;1(3):249-54
references.pmid: 16144087
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2002 Dec 6;277(49):47331-7
references.pmid: 12226088
references.citation: Biol Reprod. 2005 Feb;72(2):492-501
references.pmid: 15496517
references.citation: Biol Reprod. 2003 Nov;69(5):1572-9
references.pmid: 12826576
references.citation: Curr Opin Struct Biol. 2001 Dec;11(6):725-32
references.pmid: 11751054
references.citation: Mol Cell Proteomics. 2006 May;5(5):801-10
references.pmid: 16452089
references.citation: Biol Reprod. 2004 Jul;71(1):319-30
references.pmid: 15028632
references.citation: J BUON. 2009 Sep;14 Suppl 1:S97-102
references.pmid: 19785076
references.citation: Nat Rev Cancer. 2005 Aug;5(8):615-25
references.pmid: 16034368
references.citation: EMBO J. 1992 Dec;11(13):5091-100
references.pmid: 1464329
references.citation: PLoS One. 2008 Mar 26;3(3):e1854
references.pmid: 18365009
references.citation: J Cell Physiol. 2003 Mar;194(3):272-88
references.pmid: 12548548
references.citation: BMC Cell Biol. 2008 Jan 31;9:9
references.pmid: 18237440
references.citation: Arch Biochem Biophys. 2000 Jul 15;379(2):173-82
references.pmid: 10898932
references.citation: Microsc Res Tech. 2010 Apr;73(4):279-319
references.pmid: 19941292
references.citation: Arch Iran Med. 2009 Jul;12(4):395-404
references.pmid: 19566358
references.citation: Biol Reprod. 2003 Nov;69(5):1719-29
references.pmid: 12826589
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Oct 14;100(21):12201-6
references.pmid: 14526100
references.citation: Cell. 2005 Sep 23;122(6):835-47
references.pmid: 16179254
references.citation: Prog Biophys Mol Biol. 1996;65(1-2):1-44
references.pmid: 9029940
references.citation: Biol Cell. 2010 Jan 13;102(3):173-89
references.pmid: 19886865
references.citation: Int J Cancer. 2001 Jun 15;92(6):856-60
references.pmid: 11351307
references.citation: Dev Biol. 1975 Jun;44(2):394-436
references.pmid: 805734
references.citation: Br J Cancer. 2008 Aug 5;99(3):398-403
references.pmid: 18648365
references.citation: Mol Hum Reprod. 2011 Aug;17(8):524-38
references.pmid: 21586547
references.citation: Immunity. 1997 Feb;6(2):199-208
references.pmid: 9047241
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2001 Dec 28;276(52):49378-89
references.pmid: 11590179
references.citation: PLoS Biol. 2009 May 5;7(5):e1000112
references.pmid: 19468303
references.citation: Clin Cancer Res. 2004 Jul 1;10(13):4307-13
references.pmid: 15240516
references.citation: Leuk Lymphoma. 2003 Mar;44(3):439-44
references.pmid: 12688312
references.citation: Lab Invest. 2002 Jun;82(6):775-80
references.pmid: 12065688
references.citation: Zoolog Sci. 2003 Sep;20(9):1043-56
references.pmid: 14578564
references.citation: PLoS One. 2011 Feb 10;6(2):e16867
references.pmid: 21347312
references.citation: Biol Reprod. 2002 Dec;67(6):1936-42
references.pmid: 12444072
references.citation: Biol Reprod. 1986 Feb;34(1):171-82
references.pmid: 3955134
references.citation: PLoS One. 2011;6(6):e21767
references.pmid: 21738792
references.citation: Biol Reprod. 2000 Jul;63(1):89-98
references.pmid: 10859246
references.citation: Mol Hum Reprod. 2011 Aug;17(8):466-77
references.pmid: 21257602
references.citation: Mol Cell Biol. 2007 Oct;27(19):6794-805
references.pmid: 17664285
references.citation: Int J Dev Biol. 2008;52(5-6):511-22
references.pmid: 18649264
references.citation: Cancer Immun. 2004 Jan 23;4:1
references.pmid: 14738373
references.citation: Mol Cancer. 2010 Aug 27;9:226
references.pmid: 20799951
references.citation: BMC Genomics. 2005 Sep 13;6:120
references.pmid: 16159394
references.citation: Gene Expr Patterns. 2007 Jan;7(1-2):113-23
references.pmid: 16839824
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Apr 2;99(7):4465-70
references.pmid: 11904358
references.citation: Cancer Sci. 2009 Nov;100(11):2014-21
references.pmid: 19719775
references.citation: Trends Biochem Sci. 1994 Oct;19(10):415-21
references.pmid: 7817399
references.citation: Int Rev Immunol. 2011 Apr-Jun;30(2-3):127-37
references.pmid: 21557639
references.citation: EMBO J. 2011 Aug 05;30(18):3786-98
references.pmid: 21822215