title: Mechanisms of Francisella tularensis intracellular pathogenesis.
abstract: Francisella tularensis is a zoonotic intracellular pathogen and the causative agent of the debilitating febrile illness tularemia. Although natural infections by F. tularensis are sporadic and generally localized, the low infectious dose, with the ability to be transmitted to humans via multiple routes and the potential to cause life-threatening infections, has led to concerns that this bacterium could be used as an agent of bioterror and released intentionally into the environment. Recent studies of F. tularensis and other closely related Francisella species have greatly increased our understanding of mechanisms used by this organism to infect and cause disease within the host. Here, we review the intracellular life cycle of Francisella and highlight key genetic determinants and/or pathways that contribute to the survival and proliferation of this bacterium within host cells.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Intracellular Parasites, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MO 59840, USA.
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Celli
authors.forename: Thomas C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Zahrt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003600:Cytosol / Q000382:microbiology; D005604:Francisella tularensis / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000502:physiology; D058847:Inflammasomes / Q000502:physiology; D008018:Life Cycle Stages / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D010588:Phagosomes / Q000382:microbiology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D014406:Tularemia / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000635:transmission; D015047:Zoonoses / Q000382:microbiology / Q000635:transmission
chemical_list: D058847:Inflammasomes; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D019255:NADPH Oxidases
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