title: CpG adjuvant enhances the mucosal immunogenicity and efficacy of a Treponema pallidum DNA vaccine in rabbits.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The protective response against Treponema pallidum (Tp) infection of a DNA vaccine enhanced by an adjuvant CpG ODN was investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mucosal adjuvant CpG ODN enhanced the production of higher levels of anti-TpGpd antibodies induced by pcD/Gpd-IL-2 in rabbits. It also resulted in higher levels of secretion of IL-2 and IFN-γ, and facilitated T cell proliferation and differentiation (p<0.05). No significant difference about testing index above-mentioned was found in the intranasal immunization group of pcD/Gpd-IL-2 vaccine adjuvanted by CpG ODN when compared with the immunization by pcD/Gpd-IL-2 vaccine intramuscular injection alone (p>0.05). Furthermore, CpG ODN stimulated the production of mucosa-specific anti-sIgA antibodies and resulted in the lowest Tp-positive rate (6.7%) for Tp-infection of skin lesions and the lowest rates (8.3%) of ulceration lesions, thus achieving better protective effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  New Zealand rabbits were immunized with the eukaryotic vector encoding recombinant pcD/Gpd-IL-2 using intramuscular multi-injection or together with mucosal enhancement via a nasal route. The effect of the mucosal adjuvant CpG ODN was examined.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The CpG ODN adjuvant significantly enhances the humoral and cellular immune effects of the immunization by pcD/Gpd-IL-2 with mucosal enhancement via nasal route. It also stimulates strong mucosal immune effects, thus initiating more efficient immune-protective effects.
authors.affiliation: Pathogenic Biology Institute; University of South China; Hengyang City, Hunan Province, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Feijun
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Shuangquan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xiaohong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Tiebing
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Weiming
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Xunyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yimou
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory / Q000097:blood; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011817:Rabbits; D013587:Syphilis / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014210:Treponema pallidum / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D014611:Vaccination / Q000379:methods; D019444:Vaccines, DNA / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; C408982:CPG-oligonucleotide; D016207:Cytokines; D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D019444:Vaccines, DNA
keywords: CpG ODN; DNA vaccine; Tp Gpd; Treponema pallidum; membrane protein; mucosal adjuvant; mucosal immune
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