title: Genes involved in hemorrhagic transformations that follow recombinant t-PA treatment in stroke patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Despite the benefits of recombinant t-PA (rt-PA) for stroke patients some of them suffer from adverse hemorrhagic transformations (HTs) following treatment. Our objective is to study the transcriptomics of HTs patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied by microarrays 11 blood samples from patients with stroke that had received rt-PA of whom six of them had suffered a HT. For replication step RNA was collected from 14 new subjects (seven with HT, seven without) and then analyzed by real-time PCR. Four proteins were measured by ELISA in 72 new subjects to analyze their role as potential protein biomarkers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The microarray analysis revealed that 14 genes were altered among the HT patients. The replication study confirmed these results for six genes. Two of them (BCL2 and OLFM4) are associated with apoptosis, whereas the other four (LTF, LCN2 [also known as NGAL], CEACAM8 and CRISP3) are involved in the regulation of neutrophil processes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data revealed that genes related to apoptosis and neutrophil regulation pathways could be associated with HTs after rt-PA.
authors.affiliation: Neurovascular Research Laboratory & Neurovascular Unit, Department of Neurology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Departamento de Medicina, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Israel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fernandez-Cadenas
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Del Rio-Espinola
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Domingues-Montanari
authors.forename: Maite
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mendioroz
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fernandez-Morales
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Penalba
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rubiera
authors.forename: Mar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hernandez-Guillamon
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rosell
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Delgado
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chacon
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ribo
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alvarez-Sabin
authors.forename: Carlos A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Molina
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: García-Arumi
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Montaner
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D053263:Gene Regulatory Networks; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator