title: Fructose intake and cardiovascular risk factors in youth with type 1 diabetes: SEARCH for diabetes in youth study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  High consumption of dietary fructose has been shown to contribute to dyslipidemia and elevated blood pressure in adults, but there are few data in youth, particularly those at greater risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of this study was to examine the association between fructose intake and CVD risk factors in a diverse population of youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D).
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a cross-sectional analysis of data from the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth study, including 2085 youth ages 10-22 years with T1D, of which 22% were racial/ethnic minority and 50% were female. A semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to assess intake.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median daily fructose consumption was 7.9% of total calories. Fructose intake was positively associated with triglycerides (p<.01), but not with total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, or blood pressure after adjustment for physical activity and socio-demographic, clinical, and dietary covariates. An increase in fructose intake of 22 g (equivalent to a 12 oz can of soda) was associated with 23% higher odds of borderline/high versus low triglycerides (p<.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that children with T1D should moderate their intake of fructose, particularly those with borderline or high triglycerides.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0394, United States. Sarah.Couch@uc.edu
authors.forename: Sarah C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Couch
authors.forename: Jamie L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Crandell
authors.forename: Amy S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Lawrence M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Dolan
authors.forename: Anwar T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Merchant
authors.forename: Angela D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Liese
authors.forename: Jean M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lawrence
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pihoker
authors.forename: Elizabeth J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Mayer-Davis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005632:Fructose / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D014280:Triglycerides; D005632:Fructose
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