title: Direct exfoliation of graphite to graphene in aqueous media with diazaperopyrenium dications.
abstract: The 2,9-dimethyldiazaperopyrenium dication can be made from a ubiquitous and inexpensive feedstock in three simple steps as its chloride salt. When mixed with powdered graphite at 23 °C, this behemoth of a molecular compound exfoliates graphite to graphene in water under mild conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
authors.forename: Srinivasan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sampath
authors.forename: Ashish N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Basuray
authors.forename: Karel J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Hartlieb
authors.forename: Taner
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aytun
authors.forename: Samuel I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Stupp
authors.forename: J Fraser
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Stoddart
mesh_terms: D002712:Chlorides / Q000737:chemistry*; D003460:Crystallization / Q000379:methods*; D006108:Graphite / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D046911:Macromolecular Substances / Q000737:chemistry; D008422:Materials Testing; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D011721:Pyrenes / Q000737:chemistry*; D013499:Surface Properties; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D002712:Chlorides; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D011721:Pyrenes; D014867:Water; D006108:Graphite