title: Urinary markers/cytology: what and when should a urologist use.
abstract: As of 2012, bladder cancer is the fourth most common cancer afflicting men and ninth most common cancer in women. Nearly 80% of all bladder cancer diagnoses are non-muscle invasive at presentation, most of whom will develop recurrent disease within 5 years of initial diagnosis. Urinary tumor markers provide a noninvasive method for both screening and surveillance of bladder cancer. This article reviews the current Food and Drug Administration-approved urinary biomarkers for detection of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Tomasini
authors.forename: Badrinath R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Konety
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000652:urine*; D003950:Diagnostic Techniques, Urological / Q000295:instrumentation; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000652:urine; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000652:urine*; D014572:Urology
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; C100379:nuclear matrix protein 22