title: Effects of diffusional kurtosis imaging parameters on diffusion quantification.
abstract: Diffusional kurtosis imaging (DKI) is a new technique based on non-Gaussian water diffusion analysis. However, the original DKI protocol (six b values and 30 motion-probing gradient (MPG) directions) requires more than 10 min of scanning time, which is too long for daily clinical use. We aimed to find suitable b value, MPG direction, and diffusion time settings for faster DKI. Four normal healthy subjects participated in the study. All DKI data sets were acquired on a clinical 3T-MRI scanner (Philips Medical Systems) with use of three protocols of 0-7500 s/mm(2) b values, 6-32 MPG directions, and 23-80 ms diffusion time. There was a remarkable difference in the standard deviation (SD) of the mean DK values in the number of MPG directions. The mean DK values were significantly higher in the posterior limb of the internal capsule (p = 0.003, r = 0.924) and thalamus (p = 0.005, r = 0.903), whereas the mean DK values of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (p = 0.001, r = -0.976) were significantly lower when we used a longer diffusion time. Our results indicate that the SD of the mean DK values was higher in 15 MPG directions than in 20 MPG directions and more. Because the mean DK values of the CSF were significantly lower when we used longer diffusion times, we expect longer diffusion times to be useful for DKI. We propose the following imaging parameters for clinical use: 0, 1000, and 2000 s/mm(2) b values; 20 MPG directions; Δ/δ 45.3/13.3 ms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiological Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 7-2-10 Higashiogu, Arakawa, Tokyo 116-8551, Japan. ifukuna@juntendo.ac.jp
authors.forename: Issei
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fukunaga
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hori
authors.forename: Yoshitaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Masutani
authors.forename: Nozomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hamasaki
authors.forename: Shuji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Yuriko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Fumitaka
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kumagai
authors.forename: Masatsugu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kosuge
authors.forename: Haruyoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hoshito
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kamagata
authors.forename: Keigo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimoji
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nakanishi
authors.forename: Shigeki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Senoo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D002555:Cerebrospinal Fluid / Q000166:cytology*; D004058:Diffusion; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D055815:Young Adult
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