title: Evaluation of sperm mitochondrial function using rh123/PI dual fluorescent staining in asthenospermia and oligoasthenozoospermia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The recent advent of flow cytometry (FCM), coupled with fluorescent dyes, has been successfully applied to assess mitochondrial function. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility and clinical significance of detecting sperm mitochondrial function and to evaluate sperm mitochondrial function by using Rhodamine 123/propidium (Rh123/PI) dual fluorescent staining and FCM in asthenospermia and oligoasthenozoospermia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-five fertile men (with normal sperm parameters) and 230 infertile patients were examined. Fifty-five patients of the above 230 patients were selected for idiopathic infertility samples and were divided into two groups: asthenospermia (n = 30) and oligoasthenozoospermia (n = 25). Rh123/PI dual fluorescent staining and FCM were carried out to examine sperm mitochondrial function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant differences were found between the normal and abnormal semen samples (P < 0.05) when Rh123(+)/PI(-), Rh123(-)/PI(+) and Rh123(-)/PI(-) sperm were examined by FCM, but there was no significant difference between the asthenospermia (P = 0.469) and oligoasthenozoospermia group (P = 0.950) when Rh123(+)/PI(-) and Rh123(-)/PI(+) sperm were then examined; however, a significant difference was found between the 2 groups (P = 0.003) when Rh123(-)/PI(-) sperm were examined. There was no correlation between Rh123(-)/PI(-) sperm and semen parameters in the normal group, but there was a significant negative correlation between the sperm concentration and Rh123(-)/PI(-) sperm in asthenospermia and oligoasthenozoospermia patients (r = -0.509, -0.660; P = 0.018, 0.038).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rh123/PI dual fluorescent staining and FCM can provide reliable information to assess the quality of sperm and reveal differences in mitochondrial membrane potential in asthenospermia and oligoasthenozoospermia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine of Xian Jiaotong University, Xian 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors.forename: Tiejun
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Shangshu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Junping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xing
keywords: Rhodamine 123/propidium double fluorescent staining; asthenospermia; flow cytometry; mitochondrial membrane potential; oligoasthenozoospermia
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