title: On the origin of sharp peaks in the X-ray diffraction patterns of xanthan powders.
abstract: A series of xanthans containing different levels of the charged group pyruvate has been examined. The X-ray diffraction patterns of the powders of these materials had different levels of a sharp pattern superimposed on an amorphous background. As the moisture content increased so the intensity of the sharp pattern increased up to a level between 20% and 40% moisture content where the sharp pattern disappeared. X-ray diffraction pattern identification software and an inorganic X-ray diffraction database showed the origin of the sharp peaks to be due to sodium sulphate polymorphs. The behaviour of the xanthans was thought to be due to the differences in charge on the molecule; however, the increase in the crystalline component observed with increased amounts of water was unexpected. The possibility of the drying of samples was considered but the interplay between ions, the charged polymer and the water present was considered necessary to more closely describe the results.
authors.affiliation: Division of Food Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lad
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Todd
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: MacNaughtan
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sworn
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Foster
mesh_terms: D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry*; D011208:Powders / Q000737:chemistry; D014867:Water / Q000032:analysis; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial; D011208:Powders; D014867:Water; C002563:xanthan gum