title: Evolution and aetiological shift of catheter-related bloodstream infection in a whole institution: the microbiology department may act as a watchtower.
abstract: The incidence of central-line-associated bloodstream infection (CLA-BSI) is reported per 1000 days of catheter exposure, mainly in the intensive care unit (ICU), because recording exposure throughout an institution is not always feasible. Confirmation of catheter-related bloodstream infection (CR-BSI) requires specific laboratory testing that identifies the catheter as the source of infection. This information is available in microbiology laboratories and can be assessed using a denominator of 1000 admissions. We evaluated recent trends in the incidence and aetiology of CR-BSI and compared adult ICUs with the remaining areas of the hospital in a retrospective cohort analysis of all confirmed CR-BSIs. During the 8-year study period, we recorded 1208 episodes (8.2% of BSIs) of CR-BSI. After adjusting for the blood cultures drawn, a significant reduction in incidence was observed in adult ICUs (47%), where care bundles had been applied. The reduction was similar irrespective of whether CLA-BSI or CR-BSI was assessed. We recorded a significant reduction in the incidence of Staphylococcus aureus CR-BSI, and a significant increase in the incidence of CR-BSI caused by Enterococcus sp., Gram-negative microorganisms and fungi. The microbiology department may complement CLA-BSI/1000 catheter-days by providing CR-BSI when days of exposure are not available, because both figures are parallel. We demonstrated a significant reduction in the incidence of CR-BSI in recent years in the population admitted to adult ICUs but not in the remaining areas of the hospital. A shift in the aetiological spectrum of CR-BSI may be occurring.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Créixems
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Muñoz
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Martín-Rabadán
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cercenado
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guembe
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bouza
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D055499:Catheter-Related Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D016469:Fungemia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D016908:Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D064872:Patient Care Bundles; D012189:Retrospective Studies
keywords: Bacteraemia; blood cultures; catheter-related bloodstream infection; catheter-related infections; central line-associated bloodstream infection; vascular catheter