title: Simulation for ward processes of surgical care.
abstract: The role of simulation in surgical education, initially confined to technical skills and procedural tasks, increasingly includes training nontechnical skills including communication, crisis management, and teamwork. Research suggests that many preventable adverse events can be attributed to nontechnical error occurring within a ward context. Ward rounds represent the primary point of interaction between patient and physician but take place without formalized training or assessment. The simulated ward should provide an environment in which processes of perioperative care can be performed safely and realistically, allowing multidisciplinary assessment and training of full ward rounds. We review existing literature and describe our experience in setting up our ward simulator. We examine the facilities, equipment, cost, and personnel required for establishing a surgical ward simulator and consider the scenario development, assessment, and feedback tools necessary to integrate it into a surgical curriculum.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, 10th Floor, QEQM Building, St Mary's Hospital, Praed Street, London, UK W2 1NY. p.pucher@imperial.ac.uk
authors.forename: Philip H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Pucher
authors.forename: Ara
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Darzi
authors.forename: Rajesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Aggarwal
mesh_terms: D002983:Clinical Competence; D003142:Communication; D013502:General Surgery / Q000191:economics / Q000193:education*; D006749:Hospital Design and Construction / Q000592:standards / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D033183:Interdisciplinary Communication; D016544:Patient Simulation; D013503:Surgery Department, Hospital / Q000191:economics* / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006113:United Kingdom