title: Dietary zeolite supplementation reduces oxidative damage and plaque generation in the brain of an Alzheimer's disease mouse model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Oxidative stress is considered one of the main events that lead to aging and neurodegeneration. Antioxidant treatments used to counteract oxidative damage have been associated with a wide variety of side effects or at the utmost to be ineffective. The aim of the present study was to investigate the antioxidant property of a natural mineral, the tribomechanically micronized zeolite (MZ).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cell death and oxidative stress were assessed in retinoic acid differentiated SH-SY5Y cells, a neuronal-like cell line, after a pro-oxidant stimulus. In vivo evaluation of antioxidant activity and amyloidogenic processing of beta amyloid have been evaluated in a transgenic model of aging related neurodegeneration, the APPswePS1dE9 transgenic mice (tg mice) after a five-month long period of water supplementation with MZ.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study showed that 24h of cell pretreatment with MZ (1) protected the cells by radical oxygen species (ROS)-induced cell death and moreover (2) induced a reduction of the mitochondrial ROS production following a pro-oxidant stimulation. Looking for an antioxidant effect of MZ in vivo, we found (3) an increased activity of the endogenous antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the hippocampus of tg mice and (4) a reduction in amyloid levels and plaque load in MZ treated tg mice compared to control tg mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest MZ as a novel potential adjuvant in counteracting oxidative stress and plaque accumulation in the field of neurodegenerative diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy. mery.montinaro@med.unibs.it
authors.forename: Mery
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Montinaro
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Uberti
authors.forename: Giuseppina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Maccarinelli
authors.forename: Sara Anna
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Bonini
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ferrari-Toninelli
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Memo
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D016923:Cell Death; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D058225:Plaque, Amyloid / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D017641:Zeolites / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D000975:Antioxidants; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D017641:Zeolites; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase