title: Higher fetal insulin resistance in Chinese pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus and correlation with maternal insulin resistance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine the effect of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on fetal insulin resistance or β-cell function in Chinese pregnant women with GDM.
  
  
  METHODS
  Maternal fasting blood and venous cord blood samples (reflecting fetal condition) were collected in 65 well-controlled Chinese GDM mothers (only given dietary intervention) and 83 control subjects. The insulin, glucose and proinsulin concentrations of both maternal and cord blood samples were measured, and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and the proinsulin-to-insulin ratios (an indicator of fetal β-cell function) were calculated in maternal and cord blood respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both maternal and fetal levels of insulin, proinsulin and HOMA-IR but not proinsulin-to-insulin ratios were significantly higher in the GDM group than in the control group (maternal insulin, 24.8 vs. 15.4 µU/mL, P = 0.004, proinsulin, 23.3 vs. 16.2 pmol/L, P = 0.005, and HOMA-IR, 5.5 vs. 3.5, P = 0.041, respectively; fetal: insulin, 15.1 vs. 7.9 µU/mL, P<0.001, proinsulin, 25.8 vs. 15.1 pmol/L, P = 0.015, and HOMA-IR, 2.8 vs. 1.4, P = 0.017, respectively). Fetal HOMA-IR but not proinsulin-to-insulin ratios was significantly correlated to maternal HOMA-IR (r = 0.307, P = 0.019), in the pregnant women with GDM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fetal insulin resistance was higher in Chinese pregnant women with GDM than control subjects, and correlated with maternal insulin resistance.
authors.affiliation: Changzhou Women and Children Health Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Qiuwei
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ruiping
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Huiyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xinhong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Ziqiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000097:blood* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D005333:Fetus / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011384:Proinsulin / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D011384:Proinsulin
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