title: Antioxidant activities and phenolics of Passiflora edulis seed recovered from juice production residue.
abstract: Passion fruit seed was refluxed in methanolic water and further liquid - liquid extracted yielding n-Hexane, Ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and aqueous (Aq.) extracts. The EtOAc part was the most potent antioxidant (IC 50DPPH = 2.7 ± 0.2 and IC 50ABTS = 9.0 ± 0.0 µg/mL) that significantly (p < 0.05) better than Aq. extract (IC 50DPPH = 177.8 ± 1.3 and IC 50ABTS = 15.4 ± 0.0 µg/mL). The antioxidant EtOAc exhibited ferric reducing powder (EC1mM FeSO4 = 2,813.9 ± 11.6) and tyrosinase inhibitory effect (39.9 ± 0.0 % at 1 mg/mL). The more potent active extract had significant higher total phenolic content than the Aq. one (p < 0.05). Sun protection factor of the EtOAc extract was comparable to ferulic acid. Chlorogenic acid, rosmarinic acid and quercetin were highly found in EtOAc extract, whereas kojic acid and gallic acid were largely determined in the Aq. part. The most potent biologically active fraction was non cytotoxic in vero cells at the highest test concentration (50 µg/mL). A process to minimize the waste from the fruit juice production is offered. Passion fruit value and profitability in agribusinesses will be increased by the biochemical transformation of the seed into active extracts appraisal for natural cosmetic as a multifunction ingredient.
authors.affiliation: School of Cosmetic Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand. nattayal@mfu.ac.th
authors.forename: Nattaya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lourith
authors.forename: Mayuree
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kanlayavattanakul
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001628:Beverages; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D029598:Passiflora / Q000737:chemistry*; D010636:Phenols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012015:Reference Standards; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*; D014709:Vero Cells; D014866:Waste Products / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010636:Phenols; D014866:Waste Products