title: Identifying intensive care unit discharge planning tools: protocol for a scoping review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Transitions of care between providers are vulnerable periods in healthcare delivery that expose patients to preventable errors and adverse events. Patient discharge from the intensive care unit (ICU) to a medical or surgical hospital ward is one of the most challenging and high risk transitions of care. Approximately 1 in 12 patients discharged will be readmitted to ICU or die before leaving the hospital. Many more patients are exposed to unnecessary healthcare, adverse events and/or are disappointed with the quality of their care. Our objective is to conduct a scoping review by systematically searching the literature to identify ICU discharge planning tools and their supporting evidence-base including barriers and facilitators to their use.
  
  
  METHODS
  Systematic searching of the published health literature will be conducted to identify the existing ICU discharge planning tools and supporting evidence. Literature (research and non-research) reporting on the tools used to facilitate decision making and/or communication at ICU discharge with patients of any age will be included. Outcomes will include adverse events and provider and patient/family-reported outcomes. Two investigators will independently review the abstracts (screen 1) to identify those meeting the inclusion criteria and then independently assess the full text articles (screen 2) to determine if they meet the inclusion criteria. Data collection will include information on citations and identified tools. A quality assessment will be performed on original research studies. A descriptive summary will be developed for each tool.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Our scoping review will synthesise the literature for ICU discharge planning tools and identify the opportunities for knowledge to action and gaps in evidence where primary evidence is necessary. This will serve as the foundational element in a multistep research programme to standardise and improve the quality of care provided to patients during ICU discharge. Ethics approval is not required for this study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services-Calgary Zone, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Henry T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Stelfox
authors.forename: Laure
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Perrier
authors.forename: Sharon E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Straus
authors.forename: William A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Ghali
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zygun
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boiteau
authors.forename: Danny J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Zuege
references.citation: Med J Aust. 1995 Nov 6;163(9):458-71
references.pmid: 7476634
references.citation: JAMA. 2002 Oct 23-30;288(16):1987-93
references.pmid: 12387650
references.citation: J Hosp Med. 2007 Sep;2(5):314-23
references.pmid: 17935242
references.citation: J Med Assoc Ga. 2007;96(3):23-4
references.pmid: 18203554
references.citation: J Trauma. 1991 Jun;31(6):813-8; discussion 818-9
references.pmid: 2056545
references.citation: Implement Sci. 2010 Sep 20;5:69
references.pmid: 20854677
references.citation: JAMA. 2006 Jan 18;295(3):324-7
references.pmid: 16418469
references.citation: Ann Intern Med. 2006 Oct 17;145(8):592-8
references.pmid: 17043341
references.citation: Ann Emerg Med. 2009 Jun;53(6):701-10.e4
references.pmid: 18555560
references.citation: Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2005 Feb;21(1):39-46
references.pmid: 15681216
references.citation: Milbank Q. 2005;83(4):691-729
references.pmid: 16279964
references.citation: Nurse Educ Today. 2011 Nov;31(8):e1-7
references.pmid: 21185111
references.citation: Crit Care Med. 2008 Oct;36(10):2787-93, e1-9
references.pmid: 18766102
references.citation: Am J Med. 2011 Sep;124(9):860-7
references.pmid: 21854894
references.citation: J Trauma. 1992 Oct;33(4):586-601
references.pmid: 1433407
references.citation: Acad Med. 2005 Jan;80(1):39-43
references.pmid: 15618090
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 1991 Feb 7;324(6):370-6
references.pmid: 1987460
references.citation: J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother. 2008;22(4):306-11
references.pmid: 21923316
references.citation: Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2004 Aug;20(4):223-31
references.pmid: 15288876
references.citation: Chest. 2000 Aug;118(2):492-502
references.pmid: 10936146
references.citation: Crit Care Med. 2012 Feb;40(2):400-5
references.pmid: 22001582
references.citation: Med Care. 2003 Jan;41(1 Suppl):I39-47
references.pmid: 12544815
references.citation: Qual Saf Health Care. 2009 Aug;18(4):248-55
references.pmid: 19651926
references.citation: Qual Saf Health Care. 2005 Dec;14(6):401-7
references.pmid: 16326783
references.citation: Healthc Q. 2006;9(1):32-3
references.pmid: 16548431
references.citation: Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf. 2008 Oct;34(10):563-70
references.pmid: 18947116
references.citation: J Trauma. 2003 Nov;55(5):913-9
references.pmid: 14608165
references.citation: Crit Care Med. 2010 Apr;38(4):1187-96
references.pmid: 20154596
references.citation: Aust Crit Care. 2008 Nov;21(4):181-9
references.pmid: 18805700
references.citation: Evid Rep Technol Assess (Summ). 2001;(43):i-x, 1-668
references.pmid: 11510252
references.citation: Acad Med. 2009 Dec;84(12):1775-87
references.pmid: 19940588
references.citation: Arch Intern Med. 2008 Sep 8;168(16):1755-60
references.pmid: 18779462
references.citation: Intensive Care Med. 2005 Dec;31(12):1676-82
references.pmid: 16249927
references.citation: Clin Med (Lond). 2010 Aug;10(4):330-5
references.pmid: 20849004
references.citation: J Intensive Care Med. 2009 Mar-Apr;24(2):108-15
references.pmid: 19188270
references.citation: Sentinel Event Alert. 2006 Jan 23;(35):1-4
references.pmid: 16463453
references.citation: Am J Crit Care. 2005 Jan;14(1):71-7
references.pmid: 15608112
references.citation: Crit Care Med. 1997 Aug;25(8):1289-97
references.pmid: 9267940
references.citation: Aust Crit Care. 2009 Feb;22(1):29-43
references.pmid: 19138531
references.citation: JAMA. 2007 Feb 28;297(8):831-41
references.pmid: 17327525
references.citation: Acad Med. 2005 Dec;80(12):1094-9
references.pmid: 16306279
references.citation: Acad Emerg Med. 2007 Oct;14(10):884-94
references.pmid: 17898250
references.citation: Ann Intern Med. 1994 Dec 1;121(11):866-72
references.pmid: 7978700
references.citation: Arch Surg. 2010 Mar;145(3):286-95
references.pmid: 20231631
references.citation: Ann Intern Med. 2005 Mar 1;142(5):352-8
references.pmid: 15738454
references.citation: Hospitalist. 1999 Winter;3(1):4
references.pmid: 10346564
references.citation: JAMA. 2010 Nov 24;304(20):2279-87
references.pmid: 21098772
references.citation: Heart Lung. 1999 Sep-Oct;28(5):365-72
references.pmid: 10486454
references.citation: Ann Intern Med. 2004 Oct 5;141(7):533-6
references.pmid: 15466770
references.citation: Int J Qual Health Care. 2004 Apr;16(2):125-32
references.pmid: 15051706
references.citation: Dimens Crit Care Nurs. 2007 Jul-Aug;26(4):137-42; quiz 143-4
references.pmid: 17577082
references.citation: Arch Intern Med. 2006 Jun 12;166(11):1173-7
references.pmid: 16772243
references.citation: J Crit Care. 2003 Dec;18(4):206-11
references.pmid: 14691893
references.citation: Arch Intern Med. 2007 Oct 22;167(19):2030-6
references.pmid: 17954795
references.citation: Biometrics. 1977 Mar;33(1):159-74
references.pmid: 843571
references.citation: Acad Med. 2004 Feb;79(2):186-94
references.pmid: 14744724
references.citation: Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2005 Jun;21(3):160-71
references.pmid: 15907668