title: MRI-3D ultrasound-X-ray image fusion with electromagnetic tracking for transendocardial therapeutic injections: in-vitro validation and in-vivo feasibility.
abstract: Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the leading causes of death in the world. Small animal studies have shown that stem-cell therapy offers dramatic functional improvement post-MI. An endomyocardial catheter injection approach to therapeutic agent delivery has been proposed to improve efficacy through increased cell retention. Accurate targeting is critical for reaching areas of greatest therapeutic potential while avoiding a life-threatening myocardial perforation. Multimodal image fusion has been proposed as a way to improve these procedures by augmenting traditional intra-operative imaging modalities with high resolution pre-procedural images. Previous approaches have suffered from a lack of real-time tissue imaging and dependence on X-ray imaging to track devices, leading to increased ionizing radiation dose. In this paper, we present a new image fusion system for catheter-based targeted delivery of therapeutic agents. The system registers real-time 3D echocardiography, magnetic resonance, X-ray, and electromagnetic sensor tracking within a single flexible framework. All system calibrations and registrations were validated and found to have target registration errors less than 5 mm in the worst case. Injection accuracy was validated in a motion enabled cardiac injection phantom, where targeting accuracy ranged from 0.57 to 3.81 mm. Clinical feasibility was demonstrated with in-vivo swine experiments, where injections were successfully made into targeted regions of the heart.
authors.affiliation: University of Wisconsin - Madison, College of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA. hatt@wisc.edu
authors.forename: Charles R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Hatt
authors.forename: Ameet K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.forename: Vijay
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Parthasarathy
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: Amish N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Raval
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000379:methods*; D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D055590:Electromagnetic Phenomena; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006801:Humans; D015552:Injections, Intralesional / Q000379:methods*; D053783:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Interventional / Q000379:methods*; D008280:Magnetics / Q000379:methods; D064847:Multimodal Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013382:Subtraction Technique; D013552:Swine; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*
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