title: Association between virulence and triazole tolerance in the phytopathogenic fungus Mycosphaerella graminicola.
abstract: Host resistance and synthetic antimicrobials such as fungicides are two of the main approaches used to control plant diseases in conventional agriculture. Although pathogens often evolve to overcome host resistance and antimicrobials, the majority of reports have involved qualitative host - pathogen interactions or antimicrobials targeting a single pathogen protein or metabolic pathway. Studies that consider jointly the evolution of virulence, defined as the degree of damage caused to a host by parasite infection, and antimicrobial resistance are rare. Here we compared virulence and fungicide tolerance in the fungal pathogen Mycosphaerella graminicola sampled from wheat fields across three continents and found a positive correlation between virulence and tolerance to a triazole fungicide. We also found that quantitative host resistance selected for higher pathogen virulence. The possible mechanisms responsible for these observations and their consequences for sustainable disease management are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Key Lab for Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Fangluan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Liping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shang
authors.forename: Jiasui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhan
authors.forename: Bruce A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: McDonald
mesh_terms: D001203:Ascomycota / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D025141:Drug Resistance, Fungal; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000382:microbiology; D010944:Plants / Q000382:microbiology*; D014230:Triazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D014230:Triazoles; C093628:cyproconazole
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