title: TLR2 was overexpressed independent of IL-6 in patients with valvular atrial fibrillation.
abstract: Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) has recently been shown to be up-regulated in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF). The present study was aimed to determine whether the pathogenesis and development of AF is associated with the up-regulation of TLR2. Clinical data and right atrial appendage (RAA) specimens were collected from 20 patients with persisten AF (PeAF), 15 patients with paroxysmal AF (PaAF) and 13 patients with no history of AF undergoing valvular replacement. The results showed that gene expression and protein content of TLR2 were increased in both the AF subgroups, compared with the sinus rhythm (SR) group. Between the two AF subgroups, PaAF had a higher TLR2 level than PeAF. However, no difference in interluekin (IL)-6 content was found among the three groups, and no correlation was found between TLR2 and IL-6 in PeAF patients (r = 0.090, P = 0.706), PaAF patients (r = 0.408, P = 0.131) and AF patients (r = -0.301, P = 0.079). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that TLR2 was distributed in RAAs of AF patients and confirmed the immunoblotting results. In conclusion, we demonstrated that TLR2 was elevated in AF (especially PaAF) patients with valvular heart disease, further implicating inflammation involved in the pathogenesis and development of AF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China;
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: Hailong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Yijiang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
keywords: Toll-like receptor 2; atrial fibrillation; inflammation; valvular heart disease
references.citation: Ann Thorac Surg. 2000 May;69(5):1420-4
references.pmid: 10881816
references.citation: Science. 1992 Oct 23;258(5082):593-7
references.pmid: 1411569
references.citation: Circulation. 2005 Sep 20;112(12):1736-42
references.pmid: 16157768
references.citation: J Immunol. 2009 Jan 1;182(1):692-702
references.pmid: 19109203
references.citation: Gastroenterology. 2002 Jun;122(7):1987-2000
references.pmid: 12055604
references.citation: Circulation. 2003 Dec 9;108(23):2905-10
references.pmid: 14656915
references.citation: Respir Res. 2006 Apr 10;7:64
references.pmid: 16606450
references.citation: J Histochem Cytochem. 2008 Mar;56(3):267-74
references.pmid: 18040078
references.citation: J Immunol. 2009 Apr 15;182(8):4965-73
references.pmid: 19342676
references.citation: Cardiovasc Res. 2005 May 1;66(2):353-63
references.pmid: 15820204
references.citation: J Rheumatol. 2007 Feb;34(2):374-9
references.pmid: 17183618
references.citation: Circulation. 1997 Nov 18;96(10):3542-8
references.pmid: 9396453
references.citation: World J Cardiol. 2010 Aug 26;2(8):243-50
references.pmid: 21160591
references.citation: Scand Cardiovasc J. 2009;43(5):292-7
references.pmid: 19169931
references.citation: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2008 Sep;295(3):H1311-H1318
references.pmid: 18660455
references.citation: Int J Cardiol. 2009 May 29;134(3):345-50
references.pmid: 18674828
references.citation: Thromb Res. 2003;111(3):137-42
references.pmid: 14678810
references.citation: Circulation. 2003 Dec 16;108(24):3006-10
references.pmid: 14623805
references.citation: Eur Heart J. 2006 Jan;27(2):136-49
references.pmid: 16278230
references.citation: Circulation. 2006 Jul 11;114(2):119-25
references.pmid: 16818816
references.citation: Circulation. 2004 Mar 16;109(10):1267-71
references.pmid: 14993133
references.citation: JAMA. 2004 Nov 24;292(20):2471-7
references.pmid: 15562125
references.citation: Kardiologiia. 2010;50(5):19-24
references.pmid: 20831043
references.citation: Heart Rhythm. 2007 Mar;4(3 Suppl):S1-6
references.pmid: 17336876
references.citation: Int J Cardiol. 2007 Jan 2;114(1):145
references.pmid: 16860890
references.citation: Circulation. 1997 Aug 19;96(4):1180-4
references.pmid: 9286947
references.citation: JAMA. 2001 May 9;285(18):2370-5
references.pmid: 11343485
references.citation: Genes Immun. 2009 Mar;10(2):181-7
references.pmid: 19148143
references.citation: J Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci. 2010 Oct;30(5):648-51
references.pmid: 21063850
references.citation: Clin Rheumatol. 2010 Mar;29(3):273-9
references.pmid: 19953283
references.citation: J Cardiol. 2009 Feb;53(1):127-35
references.pmid: 19167648
references.citation: JAMA. 2007 Apr 11;297(14):1562-7
references.pmid: 17426275
references.citation: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2009 Jan;296(1):H1-12
references.pmid: 19011041
references.citation: Korean J Intern Med. 2010 Dec;25(4):377-85
references.pmid: 21179275