title: Anti-nociceptive and anti-edematogenic effects of glibenclamide in a model of acute gouty attack in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the effect of glibenclamide on inflammatory parameters in a model of acute gouty attack in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intra-articular injection of 50 μl of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals (1.25 mg/site) was used to induce gout-related inflammation. The effects of glibenclamide (1-10 mg/kg, s.c.) or dexamethasone (8 mg/kg, s.c., positive control) were assessed on several inflammation parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Spontaneous nociception assessment, edema measurement, total and differential leucocyte counts, interleukin (IL)-1β release, prostaglandin E2 production and determination of blood glucose levels were analyzed. Peritoneal macrophages were incubated with MSU and levels of IL-1β were measured. Statistical significance was assessed by one- or two-way analysis of variance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Glibenclamide (3 mg/kg) or dexamethasone (8 mg/kg) prevented nociception and edema induced by MSU injection in rats. Glibenclamide did not affect leukocyte infiltration, IL-1β release and PGE2 production, but only reduced IL-1β production by MSU-stimulated macrophages at very high concentration (200 μM). Dexamethasone significantly reduced leukocyte infiltration, IL-1β release and PGE2 production. Glibenclamide reduced whereas dexamethasone increased blood glucose levels of MSU-injected rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Glibenclamide reduced nociception and edema, but not leukocyte infiltration, IL-1β release and PGE2 production. However, its substantial effect on nociception and edema suggests that glibenclamide can be an interesting option as an adjuvant treatment for pain induced by acute attacks of gout.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Neurotoxicidade e Psicofarmacologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rosane M S
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: dos Santos
authors.forename: Sara M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: Cássia R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Carin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hoffmeister
authors.forename: Juliano
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Jamil
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Assreuy
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000276:immunology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005905:Glyburide / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006073:Gout / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000276:immunology; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014527:Uric Acid
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D014527:Uric Acid; D015232:Dinoprostone; D005905:Glyburide
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