title: Axotomy-induced changes in the chemical coding pattern of colon projecting calbindin-positive neurons in the inferior mesenteric ganglia of the pig.
abstract: The present study examines the response of colon-projecting neurons localized in the inferior mesenteric ganglia (IMG) to axotomy in the pig animal model. In all animals (n = 8), a median laparotomy was performed under anesthesia and the retrograde tracer Fast Blue was injected into the descending colon wall. In experimental animals (n = 4), the descending colon was exposed and the bilateral caudal colonic nerves were identified and severed. All animals were euthanized and the inferior mesenteric ganglia were harvested and processed for double-labeling immunofluorescence for calbindin-D28k (CB) in combination with either tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), neuropeptide Y (NPY), somatostatin (SOM), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), Leu-enkephalin (LENK), substance P, vesicular acetylcholine transporter, or galanin. Immunohistochemistry revealed significant changes in the chemical coding pattern of injured inferior mesenteric ganglion neurons. In control animals, Fast Blue-positive neurons were immunoreactive to TH, NPY, SOM, VIP, NOS, LENK, and CB. In the experimental group, the numbers of TH-, NPY-, and SOM-expressing neurons were reduced, whereas the number of neurons immunoreactive to LENK was increased. Our data indicate that the colon-projecting neurons of the porcine IMG react to the axotomy in a similar, but not an identical manner in a comparison to other species, especially rodents. Further studies are needed to elucidate the detailed factors/mechanisms involved in the response to nerve injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury, Warszawska 30, 10-082, Olsztyn, Poland. Joanna.Wojtkiewicz@uwm.edu.pl
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wojtkiewicz
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Równiak
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Crayton
authors.forename: Sławomir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gonkowski
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Robak
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zalecki
authors.forename: Mariusz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Majewski
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Klimaschewski
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019771:Axotomy; D064026:Calbindins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D003106:Colon / Q000294:innervation*; D004743:Enkephalin, Leucine / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019004:Galanin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005728:Ganglia, Sympathetic / Q000293:injuries / Q000378:metabolism*; D008643:Mesentery / Q000294:innervation*; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D009478:Neuropeptide Y / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013004:Somatostatin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013373:Substance P / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D050494:Vesicular Acetylcholine Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D064026:Calbindins; D009478:Neuropeptide Y; D050494:Vesicular Acetylcholine Transport Proteins; D013373:Substance P; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; D013004:Somatostatin; D004743:Enkephalin, Leucine; D019004:Galanin; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase
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