title: Comparison of marginal fidelity and surface roughness of porcelain veneers fabricated by refractory die and pressing techniques.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to compare the marginal fidelity and surface roughness of porcelain veneers fabricated by the refractory die and pressing techniques under in vivo conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 72 veneers were prepared for anterior teeth in 12 participants. Veneers on anterior teeth in the first and second quadrants were fabricated using refractory die (group I) and pressing techniques (group II), respectively. Surface roughness was evaluated using a profilometer in three areas (cervical, mesio-incisal, disto-incisal) for each veneer. Marginal adaptation of all the veneers (N = 36/group) was evaluated at each margin (cervical, incisal, mesial, and distal) at 7 days and at 3 months after cementation under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) at 200× magnification.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean surface roughness of veneers in cervical, mesio-incisal, and disto-incisal areas was 0.41 ± 0.25, 0.33 ± 0.14, and 0.32 ± 0.14 μm, respectively, for group I; and 0.31 ± 0.11, 0.36 ± 0.18, and 0.29 ± 0.11 μm, respectively, for group II. Intra- and intergroup comparisons showed no statistically significant values for all areas (p > 0.05). In 144 margins evaluated for each group, a visible gap was present in 15 (10.4%) and 18 (12.5%) recordings at 7 days for groups I and II, respectively. They increased to 19 (13.1%) and 20 (13.8%) after 3 months. These gaps were further broken down into percent distribution of total recordings at the cervical, incisal, mesial, and distal margins. Intragroup comparison was made using the Cochrane test. The chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were used for intergroup comparison of margins, revealing no statistical difference (p > 0.05) CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of the study, the surface roughness and marginal fidelity of porcelain veneers fabricated by refractory die technique and pressing technique were comparable.
authors.affiliation: Junior Resident, Department of Prosthodontics, Centre of Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India. jha.ritujha.ritu3@gmail.com
authors.forename: Ritu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jha
authors.forename: Veena
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.forename: Taposh K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: Naseem
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Gunjan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pruthi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000538:Aluminum Silicates / Q000737:chemistry; D002484:Cementation / Q000379:methods; D002516:Ceramics / Q000737:chemistry; D003735:Dental Casting Technique; D018772:Dental Marginal Adaptation; D003775:Dental Polishing / Q000379:methods; D003776:Dental Porcelain / Q000737:chemistry*; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D003801:Dental Veneers; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D017680:Potassium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties; D014075:Tooth Discoloration / Q000628:therapy; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000538:Aluminum Silicates; C433205:Calibra; C508050:IPS e.max Press; D017680:Potassium Compounds; D019279:Resin Cements; C493120:lithia disilicate; D003776:Dental Porcelain; C016447:feldspar; C023506:Glass ceramics
keywords: Discolored teeth; veneer fabrication; veneers