title: Polymorphisms in the SUFU gene are associated with organ injury protection and sepsis severity in patients with Enterobacteriacea bacteremia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Organ injury including acute kidney injury (AKI) and acute lung Injury (ALI) are major contributors to mortality and morbidity in the setting of sepsis. Hedgehog pathway has been recognized as an important mediator in repair of organ injury. There are some clinical predictors associated with the development of organ injury in sepsis; however few host genetic risk factors have been identified and candidate genes for organ injury susceptibility and severity are largely unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective cohort study in a tertiary care hospital included 250 adult hospitalized patients with Enterobacteriacea bacteremia. We selected a panel of 69 tagging SNPs for genes in the Hedgehog signaling pathway using the TagSNP functionality of the SNPInfo web server and designed a panel on the GoldenGate Veracode genotyping assay (Illumina). We confirmed Illumina data using Taqman allelic discrimination assays. We assessed SNPs in combination with clinical variables for associations with outcomes and organ injury.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant associations were identified using logistic regression models, controlling for age, race and gender. From the 69 tagging SNPs, 5 SNPs were associated with renal function and 2 with APACHEII score after false discovery rate correction. After multivariate analysis SNPs rs10786691 (p=0.03), rs12414407 (p=0.026), rs10748825 (p=0.01), and rs7078511 (p=0.006), all in the suppressor of fused homolog (SUFU) gene, correlated with renal function. Likewise, SUFU SNPs rs7907760 (p=0.009) and rs10748825 (p=0.029) were associated with APACHEII score. SNPs rs12414407 and rs1078825 are in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with rs2296590, a SNP in the 5'-UTR region that is within a predicted transcription factor bind site for CCAAT-enhancer-binding proteins. In multivariate analyses functional SNP rs2296590 was correlated with renal function (p=0.004) and APACHEII score (p=0.049).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Host susceptibility factors play an important role in sepsis development and sepsis related organ injury. Polymorphisms in the SUFU gene (encoding for a negative regulator of the hedgehog signaling pathway) are associated with protection from Enterobacteriacea bacteremia related organ injury and sepsis severity.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA. andres.henaomartinez@ucdenver.edu
authors.forename: Andrés F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Henao-Martínez
authors.forename: Anne Hermetet
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Agler
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: LaFlamme
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: Ivana V
authors.initials: IV
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D018806:APACHE; D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000235:genetics* / Q000382:microbiology; D055371:Acute Lung Injury / Q000235:genetics* / Q000382:microbiology; D000368:Aged; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000235:genetics* / Q000382:microbiology; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004756:Enterobacteriaceae Infections / Q000235:genetics* / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D053823:Hedgehog Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; C490764:SUFU protein, human
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