title: Dry eye in patients with fibromyalgia and its relevance to functional and emotional status.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate dry eye in patients with fibromyalgia (FM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-three FM patients and 53 age and sex well-matched controls were included in this study. Visual analog scale (VAS), number of tender points, FM impact questionnaire (FIQ), Beck depression scale (BDS), Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), the tear break-up time (TBUT), Schirmer test, and tear osmolarity (TO) were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The OSDI, TBUT, Schirmer test, and TO scores of the FM and control groups were significantly different (P < 0.05). The OSDI, TBUT, Schirmer test, and TO were higher in FM with high FIQ, and TBUT and TO were higher in FM with high BDS. In FM patients, Schirmer test was correlated with the VAS (r = -0.429, P = 0.001), BDS (r = -0.277, P = 0.044), and FIQ (r = -0.382, P = 0.005), and the TBUT was correlated with the VAS (r = -0.537, P < 0.001), BDS (r = -0.350, P = 0.010), and FIQ (r = -0.456, P = 0.001). In addition, TO was significantly correlated with the VAS (r = 0.681, P < 0.001), BDS (r = 0.661, P < 0.001), and FIQ (r = 0.842, P < 0.001). However, no significant correlation existed between the OSDI and the VAS, BDS, or FIQ.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have revealed an association between FM disease activity and dry eye severity. The consideration of this relation will be useful in the treatment of FM with deteriorated clinical status.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey. drkemalturkyilmaz@gmail.com
authors.forename: Kemal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Türkyilmaz
authors.forename: Ayşegül Küçükali
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Türkyilmaz
authors.forename: Emine Eda
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Kurt
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kurt
authors.forename: Veysi
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Öner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000342:Affective Symptoms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015352:Dry Eye Syndromes / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005356:Fibromyalgia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D018434:Sickness Impact Profile; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013666:Tears / Q000502:physiology