title: An evolutionary shift in the regulation of the Hippo pathway between mice and flies.
abstract: The Hippo pathway plays a key role in controlling organ growth in many animal species and its deregulation is associated with different types of cancer. Understanding the regulation of the Hippo pathway and discovering upstream regulators is thus a major quest. Interestingly, while the core of the Hippo pathway contains a highly conserved kinase cascade, different components have been identified as upstream regulators in Drosophila and vertebrates. However, whether the regulation of the Hippo pathway is indeed different between Drosophila and vertebrates or whether these differences are due to our limited analysis of these components in different organisms is not known. Here we show that the mouse Fat4 cadherin, the ortholog of the Hippo pathway regulator Fat in Drosophila, does not apparently regulate the Hippo pathway in the murine liver. In fact, we uncovered an evolutionary shift in many of the known upstream regulators at the base of the arthropod lineage. In this evolutionary transition, Fat and the adaptor protein Expanded gained novel domains that connected them to the Hippo pathway, whereas the cell-adhesion receptor Echinoid evolved as a new protein. Subsequently, the junctional adaptor protein Angiomotin (Amot) was lost and the downstream effector Yap lost its PDZ-binding motif that interacts with cell junction proteins. We conclude that fundamental differences exist in the upstream regulatory mechanisms of Hippo signaling between Drosophila and vertebrates.
authors.affiliation: 1] Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB) Center for the Biology of Disease, Leuven, Belgium [2] Kuleuven, Center for Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium [3] The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bossuyt
authors.affiliation: The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: C-L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Weis Center for Research, Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Geisinger Clinic, Danville, PA, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sudol
authors.affiliation: Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: McNeill
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kopp
authors.affiliation: 1] Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB) Center for the Biology of Disease, Leuven, Belgium [2] Kuleuven, Center for Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium [3] The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Halder
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015820:Cadherins / Q000378:metabolism; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000235:genetics; D016764:Cell Polarity; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D025461:Feedback, Physiological; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D000090683:Hippo Signaling Pathway; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D007814:Larva / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D010641:Phenotype; D010802:Phylogeny; D054730:Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs / Q000235:genetics; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000502:physiology*; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D015398:Signal Transduction; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics; D000091102:YAP-Signaling Proteins; D000099317:Hippo Kinases
chemical_list: D015820:Cadherins; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D000091102:YAP-Signaling Proteins; C422623:ED protein, Drosophila; C506555:Fat4 protein, mouse; C503814:Yki protein, Drosophila; C499474:hpo protein, Drosophila; D000099317:Hippo Kinases
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