title: Characterization of hip passive stiffness of volleyball, basketball and futsal young athletes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  (1) To establish the reference values of the test of 'Position of hip passive resistance against gravity' (PHPR) in young athletes; (2) To investigate differences between the values of PHPR test according to athlete's sex, age and sport practiced.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sports club.
  
  
  METHODS
  282 Volleyball, basketball and futsal athletes aged between 10 and 18 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hip passive stiffness was measured through PHPR test, which provides indirect information regarding this tissue property; high stiffness means low corresponding test values.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean values of PHPR test ranged from 0.41 to 1.06°/kg. The test results were different among all age categories and the values were lower in older athletes (p<0.001). The PHPR test values of futsal players were lower than basketball players only in the intermediate age category (p=0.001). The female volleyball athletes had higher values than the male ones (p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study established reference values for PHPR test in young athletes, which allow therapists to obtain information regarding hip passive stiffness by means of a clinical test. Hip passive stiffness in young athletes increases with age, and female volleyball players showed lower values of this property compared with males.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627 Campus Pampulha, CEP 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Electronic address: vavalara@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lara Araújo
authors.forename: Viviane
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Otoni do Carmo Carvalhais
authors.forename: Thiago
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ribeiro Teles Dos Santos
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gomes Pavan Gonçalves
authors.forename: Luciano
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sales Prado
authors.forename: Sérgio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Teixeira Fonseca
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D056352:Athletes; D001490:Basketball / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D012016:Reference Values; D054798:Volleyball / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Adolescent; Athletes; Hip; Stiffness