title: Ethanol production from high cellulose concentration by the basidiomycete fungus Flammulina velutipes.
abstract: Ethanol production by Flammulina velutipes from high substrate concentrations was evaluated. F. velutipes produces approximately 40-60 g l(-1) ethanol from 15% (w/v) D-glucose, D-fructose, D-mannose, sucrose, maltose, and cellobiose, with the highest conversion rate of 83% observed using cellobiose as a carbon source. We also attempted to assess direct ethanol fermentation from sugarcane bagasse cellulose (SCBC) by F. velutipes. The hydrolysis rate of 15% (w/v) SCBC with commercial cellulase was approximately 20%. In contrast, F. velutipes was able to produce a significant amount of ethanol from 15% SCBC with the production of β-glucosidase, cellobohydrolase, and cellulase, although the addition of a small amount of commercial cellulase to the culture was required for the conversion. When 9 mg g(-1) biomass of commercial cellulase was added to cultures, 0.36 g of ethanol was produced from 1 g of cellulose, corresponding to an ethanol conversion rate of 69.6%. These results indicate that F. velutipes would be useful for consolidated bioprocessing of lignocellulosic biomass to bioethanol.
authors.affiliation: Food Biotechnology Division, National Food Research Institute, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maehara
authors.forename: Hitomi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ichinose
authors.forename: Takanori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Furukawa
authors.forename: Wataru
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ogasawara
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takabatake
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaneko
mesh_terms: D002480:Cellulase / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D002482:Cellulose / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000378:metabolism*; D005285:Fermentation; D055393:Flammulina / Q000378:metabolism*; D006868:Hydrolysis; D007218:Industrial Microbiology
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol; D002482:Cellulose; D002480:Cellulase