title: Neuronal nitric oxide synthase expression is lower in areas of the nucleus tractus solitarius excited by skeletal muscle reflexes in hypertensive rats.
abstract: The functions of the skeletal muscle exercise pressor reflex (EPR) and its mechanically sensitive component are augmented in hypertension producing exaggerated increases in blood pressure during exercise. Afferent information from the EPR is processed in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS). Within the NT, nitric oxide (NO), produced via L-arginine oxidation by neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), buffers the pressor response to EPR activation. Therefore, EPR overactivity may manifest as a decrease in NO production due to reductions in nNOS. We hypothesized that nNOS protein expression is lower in the NTS of spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) compared with normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. Further, we examined whether nNOS is expressed with FOS, a marker of neuronal excitation induced by EPR activation. The EPR and mechanoreflex were intermittently activated for 1 h via hindlimb static contraction or stretch, respectively. These maneuvers produced significantly greater pressor responses in SHR during the first 25 min of stimulation. Within the NTS, nNOS expression was lower from -14.9 to -13.4 bregma in SHR compared with WKY. For example, at -14.5 bregma the number of NTS nNOS-positive cells in SHR (13 ± 1) was significantly less than WKY (23 ± 2). However, the number of FOS-positive cells after muscle contraction in this area was not different (WKY = 82 ± 18; SHR = 75 ± 8). In both groups, FOS-expressing neurons were located within the same areas of the NTS as neurons containing nNOS. These findings demonstrate that nNOS protein expression is lower within NTS areas excited by skeletal muscle reflexes in hypertensive rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA. mnmurphy@smu.edu
authors.forename: Megan N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mizuno
authors.forename: Ryan M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Downey
authors.forename: John J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Squiers
authors.forename: Kathryn E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Squiers
authors.forename: Scott A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006973:Hypertension / Q000201:enzymology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology; D011312:Pressure; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D011921:Rats, Inbred WKY; D012018:Reflex / Q000502:physiology*; D017552:Solitary Nucleus / Q000201:enzymology*
chemical_list: D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I
keywords: exercise; hypertension; nucleus tractus solitarius
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