title: CD133+ hematopoietic progenitor cells harbor HIV genomes in a subset of optimally treated people with long-term viral suppression.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) in the bone marrow of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals have been proposed as a persistent reservoir of virus. However, some studies have suggested that HIV genomes detected in HPCs arise from T-cell contamination.
  
  
  METHODS
  CD133-sorted HPCs and CD133-depleted bone marrow cells were purified from bone marrow specimens obtained from 11 antiretroviral-treated donors in whom the HIV load had been <48 copies/mL for at least 6 months. CD133 and CD3 expression on the cells was assessed by flow cytometry. HIV DNA was quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HIV genomes were detected in CD133-sorted samples from 6 donors, including 2 in whom viral loads were undetectable for >8 years. CD3(+) T cells represented <1% of cells in all CD133-sorted samples. For 5 of 6 CD133-sorted samples with detectable HIV DNA, the HIV genomes could not be explained by contaminating CD3(+) T cells. Donors with detectable HIV DNA in HPCs received their diagnosis significantly more recently than the remaining donors but had had undetectable viral loads for similar periods.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HIV genomes can be detected in CD133-sorted cells from a subset of donors with long-term viral suppression and, in most cases, cannot be explained by contamination with CD3(+) T cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
authors.forename: Lucy A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: McNamara
authors.forename: Adewunmi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Onafuwa-Nuga
authors.forename: Nadia T
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Sebastian
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Riddell
authors.forename: Dale
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bixby
authors.forename: Kathleen L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Collins
mesh_terms: D000071916:AC133 Antigen; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism*; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000821:virology; D017252:CD3 Complex / Q000378:metabolism; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D016679:Genome, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D010455:Peptides / Q000378:metabolism*; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D000071916:AC133 Antigen; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents; D015703:Antigens, CD; D017252:CD3 Complex; D004279:DNA, Viral; D006023:Glycoproteins; C000606023:PROM1 protein, human; D010455:Peptides
keywords: HIV; hematopoietic progenitor cells; reservoirs
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