title: [Adverse events after intravesical therapy: are we always ready to recognize and prevent them?].
abstract: Intravesical therapy is widely used in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) as adjuvant treatment after transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT). Assuming that adjuvant therapy is necessary for NMIBC in order to reduce recurrence and progression rates, chemotherapy and BCG toxicity become a relevant issue. Both treatments may have local and systemic side effects, which can lead to treatment cessation, resulting in incomplete treatment and poor outcomes. Therefore, urologists, specialist nurses and patients must be aware of the possible adverse events in order to early recognize, prevent and treat them properly. This article summarizes the local and systemic side effects associated with intravesical therapy, presents the recommendations for an effective management of these adverse events based on currently available evidence, and highlights some open questions on these issues.
authors.affiliation: Divisione di Urologia 1, Azienda ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza (Molinette), Università degli Studi di Torino - Italy.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fiorito
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gontero
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D000283:Administration, Intravesical; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001500:BCG Vaccine