title: Serum trace elements in obese women with or without diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Relationship of trace elements with obesity and diabetes is complex, alterations in their metabolism can be induced by the diseases and their complications. To study the role of the trace elements in diabetes and obesity, serum trace elements levels (Cr, Se, Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn) were measured in obese women with or without diabetes as well as healthy women. Further, correlation between serum trace elements levels and glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR), glycated haemoglobin (HbA₁c), body mass index (BMI), waist circumferences, waist -to -hip ratio and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hsCRP) were also determined in these women.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was performed with morbidly obese (BMI >40 kg/m² women with diabetes (n=41), without diabetes (n=45) and 50 healthly non obese women. Anthropometric measurements were taken and levels of serum Zn, Cr, Fe Cu and Mn were determined. Biochemical parameters included serum glucose, insulin, lipids, haemoglobin, hsCRP and HbA1C.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The levels of Zn (P<0.001), Mn (P<0.05), Fe (P<0.05) were significantly lower and the level of Cu (P<0.001) and Cu / Zn ratio (P<0.05) were significantly higher in the diabetic obese women than those of the healthy women. Also, the levels of Zn and Fe were significantly lower and the levels of Cu were significantly higher in the non diabetic obese women than those of the healthy group. Serum Zn levels negatively and serum Cu levels positively correlated with anthropometric values in diabetic and non diabetic obese women. Further, serum Zn, Mn and Cr levels negatively correlated and serum Se levels positively correlated glycaemia control parameters in diabetic obese women. In addition, serum Zn levels negatively correlated with hsCRP in diabetic and nondiabetic obese females.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings showed significant association between Zn and Fe deficiencies and obesity. Also, obese women with diabetes may be at a greater risk of developing imbalances and deficiencies of trace elements compared with obese women without diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey. fhumeyray@hotmail.com
authors.forename: F Hümeyra
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Yerlikaya
authors.forename: Aysun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Toker
authors.forename: Alpay
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arıbaş
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002857:Chromium / Q000097:blood; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000097:blood; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D012643:Selenium / Q000097:blood; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000097:blood*; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio; D015032:Zinc / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008055:Lipids; D014131:Trace Elements; D002857:Chromium; D007501:Iron; D012643:Selenium; D015032:Zinc
references.citation: Int J Sport Nutr. 1992 Dec;2(4):343-50
references.pmid: 1299504
references.citation: Environ Res. 2011 Nov;111(8):1271-9
references.pmid: 21962832
references.citation: J Clin Invest. 2000 Aug;106(4):473-81
references.pmid: 10953022
references.citation: BMC Public Health. 2010 Sep 21;10:564
references.pmid: 20858268
references.citation: Obesity (Silver Spring). 2008 Jun;16(6):1331-7
references.pmid: 18388893
references.citation: J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2011 Jul;25(3):181-7
references.pmid: 21880473
references.citation: Tunis Med. 2001 Jun-Jul;79(6-7):370-3
references.pmid: 11771433
references.citation: Obes Surg. 2010 May;20(5):672-3; author reply 674-5
references.pmid: 20180040
references.citation: Biol Trace Elem Res. 2006 Winter;114(1-3):19-29
references.pmid: 17205984
references.citation: Nutrition. 1995 Jan-Feb;11(1 Suppl):100-5
references.pmid: 7749254
references.citation: Biol Trace Elem Res. 2008 Apr;122(1):1-18
references.pmid: 18193174
references.citation: Proc Nutr Soc. 2000 Nov;59(4):505-9
references.pmid: 11115784
references.citation: Physiol Rev. 1969 Apr;49(2):163-239
references.pmid: 4888391
references.citation: Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 Mar;85(3):837-44
references.pmid: 17344507
references.citation: J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2007;21 Suppl 1:59-61
references.pmid: 18039500
references.citation: Biol Trace Elem Res. 2006 Nov;113(2):113-23
references.pmid: 17194914
references.citation: Nutr Clin Pract. 2008 Apr-May;23(2):152-60
references.pmid: 18390782
references.citation: Diabetes Care. 1991 Nov;14(11):1050-6
references.pmid: 1797486
references.citation: Biol Trace Elem Res. 2001 Mar;79(3):205-19
references.pmid: 11354346
references.citation: Postgrad Med J. 1998 Nov;74(877):665-8
references.pmid: 10197198
references.citation: Am J Med. 1983 Aug;75(2):273-7
references.pmid: 6881179
references.citation: Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2010 Dec 19;2:70
references.pmid: 21167072
references.citation: Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2009 Jul;2(4):369-76
references.pmid: 20031863
references.citation: Endocr J. 2001 Feb;48(1):81-6
references.pmid: 11403106
references.citation: J Clin Biochem Nutr. 2011 Jan;48(1):40-5
references.pmid: 21297910
references.citation: Biol Trace Elem Res. 2010 Jun;135(1-3):16-21
references.pmid: 19760368
references.citation: Obesity (Silver Spring). 2011 Jan;19(1):191-9
references.pmid: 20467417
references.citation: Am J Physiol. 1983 Nov;245(5 Pt 1):G628-34
references.pmid: 6638186
references.citation: J Nutr Biochem. 2010 May;21(5):432-7
references.pmid: 19427184