title: The Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11: reassessment of its structure in a community sample.
abstract: The Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (Version 11; BIS-11; Patton, Stanford, & Barratt, 1995) is a gold-standard measure that has been influential in shaping current theories of impulse control, and has played a key role in studies of impulsivity and its biological, psychological, and behavioral correlates. Psychometric research on the structure of the BIS-11, however, has been scant. We therefore applied exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses to data collected using the BIS-11 in a community sample (N = 691). Our goal was to test 4 theories of the BIS-11 structure: (a) a unidimensional model, (b) a 6 correlated first-order factor model, (c) a 3 second-order factor model, and (d) a bifactor model. Among the problems identified were (a) low or near-zero correlations of some items with others; (b) highly redundant content of numerous item pairs; (c) items with salient cross-loadings in multidimensional solutions; and, ultimately, (d) poor fit to confirmatory models. We conclude that use of the BIS-11 total score as reflecting individual differences on a common dimension of impulsivity presents challenges in interpretation. Also, the theory that the BIS-11 measures 3 subdomains of impulsivity (attention, motor, and nonplanning) was not empirically supported. A 2-factor model is offered as an alternative multidimensional structural representation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Universityof California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA90095, USA. reise@psych.ucla.edu
authors.forename: Steven P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Reise
authors.forename: Tyler M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Fred W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Sabb
authors.forename: Amira K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Edythe D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: London
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000592:standards*; D011582:Psychological Theory; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000592:standards*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D055815:Young Adult
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