title: Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics in rheumatology.
abstract: Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics deal with possible associations of a single genetic polymorphism or those of multiple gene profiles with responses to drugs. In rheumatology, genes and gene signatures may be associated with altered efficacy and/or safety of anti-inflammatory drugs, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and biologics. In brief, genes of cytochrome P450, other enzymes involved in drug metabolism, transporters and some cytokines have been associated with responses to and toxicity of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids and DMARDs. The efficacy of biologics may be related to alterations in cytokine, chemokine and FcγR genes. Numerous studies reported multiple genetic signatures in association with responses to biologics; however, data are inconclusive. More, focused studies carried out in larger patient cohorts, using pre-selected genes, may be needed in order to determine the future of pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics as tools for personalized medicine in rheumatology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Institute of Medicine, University of Debrecen Medical and Health Science Center, Nagyerdei Street 98, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary. szekanecz.zoltan@med.unideb.hu
authors.forename: Zoltán
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Szekanecz
authors.forename: Bertalan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Meskó
authors.forename: Szilard
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Poliska
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Váncsa
authors.forename: Szilvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Szamosi
authors.forename: Edit
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Végh
authors.forename: Enikö
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Simkovics
authors.forename: Judit
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Laki
authors.forename: Júlia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kurkó
authors.forename: Timea
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Besenyei
authors.forename: Katalin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mikecz
authors.forename: Tibor T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Glant
authors.forename: László
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nagy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics; D054316:Biomarkers, Pharmacological / Q000378:metabolism; D001711:Biotransformation / Q000235:genetics*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D010597:Pharmacogenetics; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D057285:Precision Medicine; D018121:Receptors, Cytokine / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017452:Receptors, IgG / Q000235:genetics; D012219:Rheumatology / Q000639:trends; D059467:Transcriptome / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D054316:Biomarkers, Pharmacological; D016207:Cytokines; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D018121:Receptors, Cytokine; D017452:Receptors, IgG; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System
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