title: Airway somatosensory deficits and dysphagia in Parkinson's disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) often experience substantial impairment of swallow control, and are typically unaware of the presence or severity of their impairments suggesting that these individuals may also experience airway sensory deficits. However, the degree to which impaired swallow function in PD may relate to airway sensory deficits has yet to be formally tested.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to examine whether airway sensory function is associated with swallow impairment in PD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen PD participants and 18 healthy controls participated in this study and underwent endoscopic assessment of airway somatosensory function, endoscopic assessment of swallow function, and clinical ratings of swallow and disease severity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PD participants exhibited abnormal airway somatosensory function and greater swallow impairment compared with healthy controls. Swallow and sensory deficits in PD were correlated with disease severity. Moreover, PD participants reported similar self-rated swallow function as healthy controls, and swallow deficits were correlated with sensory function suggesting an association between impaired sensory function and poor self-awareness of swallow deficits in PD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that control of swallow is influenced by airway somatosensory function, that swallow-related deficits in PD are related to abnormal somatosensation, and that swallow and airway sensory function may degrade as a function of disease severity. Therefore, the basal ganglia and related neural networks may play an important role to integrate airway sensory input for swallow-related motor control. Furthermore, the airway deficits observed in PD suggest a disintegration of swallow-related sensory and motor control.
authors.affiliation: Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, USA. hammer@surgery.wisc.edu
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Hammer
authors.forename: Caitlin A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: Trisha M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Abrams
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007828:Laryngoscopy; D007830:Larynx / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010812:Physical Stimulation; D012684:Sensory Thresholds; D020886:Somatosensory Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*
keywords: Swallow; aspiration; larynx; non-motor; penetration; protection; residue
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