title: α-Amylase is a potential growth inhibitor of Porphyromonas gingivalis, a periodontal pathogenic bacterium.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Porphyromonas gingivalis is a major etiological agent in the development and progression of periodontal diseases. In this study, we isolated a cell growth inhibitor against P. gingivalis species from rice protein extract.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cell growth inhibitor active against P. gingivalis was purified from polished rice extract using a six-step column chromatography process. Its antimicrobial properties were investigated through microscope analysis, spectrum of activity and general structure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The inhibitor was identified as AmyI-1, an α-amylase, and showed significant cell growth inhibitory activity against P. gingivalis species. Scanning electron microscopy micrograph analysis and bactericidal assay indicated an intriguing possibility that the inhibitor compromises the cell membrane structure of the bacterial cells and leads to cell death. Moreover, α-amylases from human saliva and porcine pancreas showed inhibitory activity similar to that of AmyI-1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first study to report that α-amylases cause cell death of periodontal pathogenic bacteria. This finding highlights the potential importance and therapeutic potential of α-amylases in treating periodontal diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ochiai
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishiyama
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mitsui
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D012275:Oryza / Q000201:enzymology; D055292:Pancreatic alpha-Amylases / Q000494:pharmacology; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000648:ultrastructure; D012463:Saliva / Q000201:enzymology; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; D013552:Swine; D000516:alpha-Amylases / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides; D055292:Pancreatic alpha-Amylases; D000516:alpha-Amylases
keywords: Porphyromonas gingivalis; bacterial growth inhibition; periodontal disease; α-amylase