title: Mulberry leaf extract inhibits invasive potential and downregulates hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in SK-N-BE2C neuroblastoma cells.
abstract: A neuroblastoma is an extracranial solid tumor diagnosed in childhood. Since tumor metastasis is the main cause of death for most neuroblastoma patients, an understanding of the mechanisms that modulate cancer cell invasion is a key to developing more effective chemotherapeutic agents. In the current study, we examined to determine whether mulberry leaf (ML) extract effectively inhibits the invasion potential of neuroblastoma cells in vitro. ML extract was found to suppress cell invasiveness as well as the activity and expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) under both normoxia and hypoxia in neuroblastoma. ML extract downregulated the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), a well-known regulator of tumor metastasis, and its downstream targets, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1). Taken together, these results suggest that ML extract has chemotherapeutic effects on neuroblastoma cells by regulating invasion potential, thereby controlling the metastasis of neuroblastomas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seolhyun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Yoo-Sun
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hyun-Ah
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Yunsook
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Yuri
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015687:Cell Hypoxia / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000378:metabolism*; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000378:metabolism; D031625:Morus / Q000737:chemistry*; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000473:pathology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; C497442:HIF1A protein, human; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases