title: Smoking behavior, nicotine dependency, and motivation to cessation among smokers in the preparation stage of change.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate selected constructs of the transtheoretical model (TTM) of behavior change regarding smoking behavior among people in the preparation stage, as well as motivation for cessation and nicotine dependency.
  
  
  METHODS
  A convenience sample of 123 smokers, during between June to and September 2011, completed the Persian version of the short form of a smoking questionnaire based on TTM, the Fagerstrom nicotine dependence test, and the motivational test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Motivation for cessation was great (16.35 ± 2.45). The negative affects of self-efficacy were higher than those to other situations (4.02 ± 0.84). The pros and cons of smoking were 2.69 ± 1.00 and 3.78 ± 0.78, respectively. Temptation was influenced by nicotine dependency (P < 0.05). Early initiation of smoking was significantly associated with severe nicotine dependency (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results confirm the role of temptation, increase in the cons, decrease in the pros, and nicotine dependency.
authors.affiliation: Ph D in Health Education, Department of Health Education and Health promotion, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran .
authors.forename: Ahmad Ali
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Eslami
authors.forename: Abdorrahman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Charkazi
authors.forename: Firoozeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mostafavi
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shahnazi
authors.forename: Mohammad Taghi
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Badeleh
authors.forename: Gholam Reza
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Sharifirad
keywords: Decisional Balance; Motivation for Cessation; Nicotine Dependency; Smoking Behavior; Stages of Change; Temptation; Transtheoretical Model
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