title: An Implanted Closed-loop Chip System for Heart Rate Control: System Design and Effects in Conscious Rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficiency of an implanted chip system for the control of heart rate (HR).
  
  
  METHODS
  The HR was recorded in six conscious Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. An implanted chip system was designed to regulate the HR by stimulating the right cervical vagus nerve according to the feedback of real time HR. Each rat was subjected to 30-min regulation and 30-min recovery. The change of HR during the regulation period was compared with the control. The ECG was recorded during the experiment for 24 h.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ECG signals were successfully recorded during the experiment. The HR was significantly decreased during the period of regulation compared with control (-79.3 ±34.5, P < 0.01, n = 6) and then recovered to normal after regulation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The described implanted chip system can regulate the HR to a designated set point.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
authors.forename: Yuxuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Guoqing
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Xingya
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gao
keywords: Remote-controlled animal; closed-loop regulation; heart rate; implanted chip system; set point; vagus nerve stimulation
references.citation: Life Sci. 2006 Feb 2;78(10):1129-34
references.pmid: 16168443
references.citation: J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1968 Jul;56(1):71-82
references.pmid: 5663136
references.citation: Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2007 Jul;6(4):385-96
references.pmid: 17688382
references.citation: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2002 Mar;282(3):H1102-10
references.pmid: 11834509
references.citation: Med Biol Eng Comput. 2006 Mar;44(3):161-9
references.pmid: 16937157
references.citation: Circ Res. 1991 May;68(5):1471-81
references.pmid: 2019002
references.citation: J Clin Pharm Ther. 2002 Apr;27(2):85-92
references.pmid: 11975691
references.citation: Curr Hypertens Rep. 2009 Feb;11(1):69-75
references.pmid: 19146804
references.citation: Neuromodulation. 2006 Jul;9(3):214-20
references.pmid: 22151709
references.citation: Circulation. 2002 Dec 10;106(24):e196-7; author reply e196-7
references.pmid: 12473567
references.citation: Cardiovasc Res. 2005 Mar 1;65(4):889-96
references.pmid: 15721869
references.citation: Aust Fam Physician. 2005 Jul;34(7):547-53
references.pmid: 15999165
references.citation: Med Sci Monit. 2008 Aug;14(8):BR153-8
references.pmid: 18667991