title: Patatin-related phospholipase pPLAIIIδ increases seed oil content with long-chain fatty acids in Arabidopsis.
abstract: The release of fatty acids from membrane lipids has been implicated in various metabolic and physiological processes, but in many cases, the enzymes involved and their functions in plants remain unclear. Patatin-related phospholipase As (pPLAs) constitute a major family of acyl-hydrolyzing enzymes in plants. Here, we show that pPLAIIIδ promotes the production of triacylglycerols with 20- and 22-carbon fatty acids in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Of the four pPLAIIIs (α, β, γ, δ), only pPLAIIIδ gene knockout results in a decrease in seed oil content, and pPLAIIIδ is most highly expressed in developing embryos. The overexpression of pPLAIIIδ increases the content of triacylglycerol and 20- and 22-carbon fatty acids in seeds with a corresponding decrease in 18-carbon fatty acids. Several genes in the glycerolipid biosynthetic pathways are up-regulated in pPLAIIIδ-overexpressing siliques. pPLAIIIδ hydrolyzes phosphatidylcholine and also acyl-coenzyme A to release fatty acids. pPLAIIIδ-overexpressing plants have a lower level, whereas pPLAIIIδ knockout plants have a higher level, of acyl-coenzyme A than the wild type. Whereas seed yield decreases in transgenic plants that ubiquitously overexpress pPLAIIIδ, seed-specific overexpression of pPLAIIIδ increases seed oil content without any detrimental effect on overall seed yield. These results indicate that pPLAIIIδ-mediated phospholipid turnover plays a role in fatty acid remodeling and glycerolipid production.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, USA.
authors.forename: Maoyin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Sung Chul
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Bahn
authors.forename: Chuchuan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Tien
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Phan
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ortiz
authors.forename: Mary R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Welti
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jaworski
authors.forename: Xuemin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000214:Acyl Coenzyme A / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D015870:Gene Expression; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D055786:Gene Knockout Techniques; D009154:Mutation; D009928:Organ Specificity; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines / Q000378:metabolism; D010741:Phospholipases A / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000378:metabolism*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D018749:RNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D012639:Seeds / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D000214:Acyl Coenzyme A; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D005227:Fatty Acids; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines; D010743:Phospholipids; D010938:Plant Oils; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018749:RNA, Plant; D014280:Triglycerides; C585189:pPLAIIIdelta protein, Arabidopsis; D010741:Phospholipases A
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