title: Toxicological evaluation and anti-inflammatory activity of a golden gelatinous sorghum bran extract.
abstract: Golden gelatinous sorghum (GGS) is rich in phytochemicals and anti-oxidants. We investigated the toxicity and anti-inflammatory properties of a GGS extract. We observed no toxic effects after a daily dose of up to 5000 mg/kg body weight of the GGS extract administered orally to rats for 14 d. The exposure of mice ears to 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) caused a marked increase in ear thickness, which was significantly inhibited by treating with the GGS extract; this inhibition of inflammatory response was clearly confirmed by a histological analysis. The TPA-induced mice ear edema model, indicated that treating with the GGS extract inhibited the expression levels of such inflammatory mediators as cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase. The nitric oxide level in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced Raw264.7 cells in vitro was lower in the GGS extract-treated group than in the LPS-only treated group. These results suggest that sorghum would be a safe, nontoxic product, and that the GGS extract possessed significant anti-inflammatory activity.
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Tae-Jin
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.forename: Tae Myoung
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ki Chang
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Jee-Yeon
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: Dae Joong
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000633:toxicity*; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D005782:Gels; D006403:Hematologic Tests; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D045868:Sorghum / Q000737:chemistry*; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D005782:Gels; D010936:Plant Extracts; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate