title: High soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 concentrations predict long-term mortality in hemodialysis patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) has a strong association with cardiovascular deaths in patients with coronary artery disease. The aim of this study is to explore the association between sVCAM-1 and cardiovascular mortality in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-three clinically stable MHD patients (mean age of 59.4 ± 13.7 years) at a single hospital-based dialysis facility were included. sVCAM-1, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), and soluble E-selectin (sE-selectin) were determined at study baseline. The study cohort was divided into higher and lower concentration groups by the median value. The all-cause and cardiovascular mortality of this cohort were followed for 7 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean concentrations of sVCAM-1, sICAM-1, and sE-selectin were 1,393.08 ± 300.96, 230.16 ± 84.86, and 60.01 ± 42.00 ng/mL, respectively. The higher concentration groups of sVCAM-1 and sICAM-1 had higher all-cause mortality by Kaplan-Meier analysis (p = 0.002 and p = 0.030, respectively). Higher sVCAM-1 concentrations had a higher risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality (p = 0.006 p = 0.046, respectively) in Cox proportional hazards model analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In MHD patients, higher sVCAM-1 concentrations independently predict all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. This biomarker may be used as a valid surrogate marker for predicting outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, No. 21, Nan-Ya South Road Sec 2, Banciao District, New Taipei City, 220, Taiwan, ROC, cjf6699@yahoo.com.tw.
authors.forename: Jia-Feng
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Shih-Ping
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Mei-Fen
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Pai
authors.forename: Ju-Yeh
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Hung-Yuan
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Hon-Yen
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Yu-Sen
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Peng
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality*; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood*; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000401:mortality*; D013997:Time Factors; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D019040:E-Selectin; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1
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