title: Identification of nitrous oxide emissions from green areas of Chihuahua City irrigated with treated wastewater.
abstract: Since 2000, the city of Chihuahua had a distribution system of treated wastewater for irrigation of green areas and has replaced this water for processes that do not require the consumption of drinking water. This replacement was necessary in order to meet the growing demand for potable water which has exceeded the current supply of 700 L (184,88 gallons) per second. Nowadays it is necessary to identify and assess the risks to public health and the environment due to the substitution of drinking water by treated wastewater in the last 10yr. Treated wastewater contains compounds whose effects have not been evaluated when used for irrigation in public green areas. Therefore, it is not known whether there is a danger to the health of park visitors due to exposure and/or inhalation of the emitted gases, accidental ingestion of water, or impact to the environment. The purpose of the research, using an experimental prototype, is to identify the changes from nitrogen present in the treated wastewater to nitrous oxide. The research objective is the generation of data to simulate a regional scale at this stage, which will be analyzed and statistically validated using Minitab and Origin software. The experiment was performed using three different samples to compare water quality: drinking water treated wastewater, and water with nitrogen-based fertilizer (urea). Prototypes were filled with two types of soil: sand and clay Each type of water was sprinkled on the prototype, grass was planted in it, and the prototype was equipped with samplers to capture the gas in the root zone. The authors found high emissions of nitrous oxide in the clay-filled lysimeters, and climate and growing conditions of vegetation were the most important factors for producing nitrous oxide.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Major problems in the ecosystem arise from solutions that are not based on environmental public policy research or experimentation. For example, before application a specific policy or regulation, research should be performed to evaluate long term effects to the ecosystem and this can be done through close monitoring. This study raises awareness about the public policy of substituting potable water with treated wastewater for irrigation of green areas in Chihuahua City. The present study was performed during a sufficient period of time in order to assess the impact to the environment.
authors.affiliation: Research Center of Advanced Materials, Chihuahua, Chih, Mexico.
authors.forename: Carmen Julia
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Navarro-Gómez
authors.forename: Eduardo F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Herrera-Peraza
authors.forename: Victor Hugo
authors.initials: VH
authors.lastname: Alcocer-Yamanaka
authors.forename: Virginia H
authors.initials: VH
authors.lastname: Collins-Martínez
authors.forename: Luisa Y
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Quiñones-Montenegro
authors.forename: Balter
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Trujillo-Navarrete
authors.forename: Maria Socorro
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Espino-Valdes
mesh_terms: D057914:Agricultural Irrigation; D002947:Cities; D008800:Mexico; D009609:Nitrous Oxide / Q000032:analysis*; D011633:Public Facilities; D059027:Recycling; D062065:Wastewater
chemical_list: D009609:Nitrous Oxide; D062065:Wastewater