title: Population structure and the colonization route of one of the oldest North American invasive insects: stories from the worn road of the Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say).
abstract: An integral part to understanding the biology of an invasive species is determining its origin, particularly in pest species. As one of the oldest known invasive species, the goals of this study were to evaluate the evidence of a westward expansion of Hessian fly into North America, from a potential singular introduction event, and the population genetic structure of current populations. Levels of genetic diversity and population structure in the Hessian fly were compared across North America, Europe, North Africa, Western Asia, and New Zealand. Furthermore, Old World populations were evaluated as possible sources of introduction. We tested diversity and population structure by examining 18 microsatellite loci with coverage across all four Hessian fly chromosomes. Neither genetic diversity nor population genetic structure provided evidence of a westward movement from a single introduction in North America. Introduced populations in North America did not show identity or assignment to any Old World population, likely indicating a multiple introduction scenario with subsequent gene flow between populations. Diversity and selection were assessed on a chromosomal level, with no differences in diversity or selection between chromosomes or between native and introduced populations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America. pmorton@ou.edu
authors.forename: Philip K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Morton
authors.forename: Brandon J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Schemerhorn
mesh_terms: D025041:Animal Migration; D000818:Animals; D059006:Chromosomes, Insect / Q000235:genetics; D004175:Diptera / Q000235:genetics*; D005787:Gene Frequency / Q000235:genetics; D056426:Genetic Loci / Q000235:genetics; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005828:Genetics, Population; D005843:Geography; D058865:Introduced Species; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats / Q000235:genetics; D009520:New Zealand; D009656:North America; D059372:Nucleotide Motifs / Q000235:genetics; D011157:Population Dynamics
references.citation: Bioinformatics. 2012 Oct 1;28(19):2537-9
references.pmid: 22820204
references.citation: Theor Appl Genet. 1985 Aug;70(5):491-6
references.pmid: 24253058
references.citation: Theor Appl Genet. 2005 Oct;111(6):1167-73
references.pmid: 16160821
references.citation: Mol Ecol Resour. 2010 Sep;10(5):773-84
references.pmid: 21565089
references.citation: Bull Entomol Res. 2012 Dec;102(6):632-43
references.pmid: 22564785
references.citation: Science. 1966 Sep 2;153(3740):1074-80
references.pmid: 17737582
references.citation: Theor Appl Genet. 2003 May;106(7):1248-55
references.pmid: 12748776
references.citation: BMC Bioinformatics. 2008 Jul 28;9:323
references.pmid: 18662398
references.citation: Science. 2005 Nov 11;310(5750):992
references.pmid: 16284172
references.citation: J Hered. 1998 May-Jun;89(3):238-47
references.pmid: 9656466
references.citation: Environ Entomol. 2011 Oct;40(5):1303-16
references.pmid: 22251741
references.citation: Genome. 1999 Oct;42(5):821-8
references.pmid: 10584305
references.citation: J Hered. 1992 May-Jun;83(3):239
references.pmid: 1624774
references.citation: Genome. 2002 Oct;45(5):812-22
references.pmid: 12416613
references.citation: Mol Biol Evol. 2007 Mar;24(3):621-31
references.pmid: 17150975
references.citation: Bull Entomol Res. 2001 Oct;91(5):327-31
references.pmid: 11567588
references.citation: Mol Ecol. 2001 Feb;10(2):305-18
references.pmid: 11298947
references.citation: J Hered. 1988 May-Jun;79(3):184-9
references.pmid: 19554751
references.citation: Theor Appl Genet. 2003 Nov;107(8):1516-23
references.pmid: 12928782
references.citation: Genetics. 1996 Dec;144(4):2001-14
references.pmid: 8978083
references.citation: Annu Rev Phytopathol. 2007;45:399-436
references.pmid: 17506648
references.citation: Mol Biol Evol. 2009 Sep;26(9):1963-73
references.pmid: 19461114
references.citation: Mol Ecol. 2008 Jan;17(1):431-49
references.pmid: 17908213
references.citation: J Hered. 2009 Nov-Dec;100(6):790-7
references.pmid: 19592640
references.citation: Science. 2011 Feb 25;331(6020):1066-8
references.pmid: 21350177
references.citation: Bioinformatics. 2007 Jul 15;23(14):1801-6
references.pmid: 17485429
references.citation: J Hered. 2008 Nov-Dec;99(6):616-23
references.pmid: 18535000