title: Postinfantile giant cell hepatitis: an etiological and prognostic perspective.
abstract: Giant cell hepatitis is common manifestation in pediatric liver diseases, but quite uncommon in adults, only about 100 cases reported in the English literature in the last two decades. Data for the present review were identified by a structured PubMed/MEDLINE search from 1963 to December 2012, using keywords postinfantile giant cell hepatitis (PIGCH), adult giant cell hepatitis, and syncytial giant cell hepatitis in adults and liver. We report a case of postinfantile giant cell hepatitis along with the review related to the etiology and respective outcome, as the literature in the last 20 years suggests. This condition is probably due to idiosyncratic or cytopathic response of individual to various hepatocytic stimuli. It is purely a histomorphological diagnosis and does not establish the etiology. Autoimmune liver diseases are most common etiology, in around 40% of cases, but various viruses, drugs, posttransplant condition, and other causes also have been reported. Prognosis depends upon the etiology. In this paper, we emphasized various causative factors of PIGCH and their respective outcome in patients affected by them. We also highlighted the possible pathogenesis and histopathological spectrum of this entity on the basis of description given in various studies and our limited experience of few cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences (ILBS), D-1 Vasant Kunj, New Delhi 110070, India.
authors.forename: Chhagan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bihari
authors.forename: Archana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rastogi
authors.forename: Shiv Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Sarin
references.citation: Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y). 2009 Jul;5(7):504-506
references.pmid: 37967409
references.citation: BMC Blood Disord. 2012 Jul 19;12:8
references.pmid: 22812631
references.citation: J Hepatol. 1997 Mar;26(3):722-6
references.pmid: 9075682
references.citation: J Hepatol. 1992 May;15(1-2):216-9
references.pmid: 1506641
references.citation: Gastroenterology. 1994 Oct;107(4):1162-4
references.pmid: 7926464
references.citation: Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y). 2009 Jul;5(7):502-504
references.pmid: 37967458
references.citation: Pathologe. 1998 May;19(3):221-5
references.pmid: 9648148
references.citation: J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2004 Dec;26(12):837-9
references.pmid: 15591908
references.citation: Intern Med. 2012;51(16):2141-4
references.pmid: 22892492
references.citation: Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012 Mar;24(3):328-31
references.pmid: 22228371
references.citation: J Clin Gastroenterol. 2001 May-Jun;32(5):454-6
references.pmid: 11319326
references.citation: Z Gastroenterol. 2010 Nov;48(11):1293-6
references.pmid: 21043007
references.citation: Am J Dis Child. 1963 Apr;105:395-416
references.pmid: 13965333
references.citation: Am J Gastroenterol. 1985 Apr;80(4):294-7
references.pmid: 3985001
references.citation: Dig Liver Dis. 2006 Nov;38(11):846-50
references.pmid: 16266839
references.citation: Am J Gastroenterol. 1998 Oct;93(10):1931-7
references.pmid: 9772058
references.citation: Gastroenterol Clin Biol. 1998 Mar;22(3):305-10
references.pmid: 9762216
references.citation: Pediatr Dev Pathol. 1999 Jul-Aug;2(4):353-9
references.pmid: 10347279
references.citation: Semin Liver Dis. 2004 Feb;24(1):107-11
references.pmid: 15085491
references.citation: Dig Dis Sci. 2007 Dec;52(12):3521-3
references.pmid: 17410455
references.citation: Epidemiol Rev. 2006;28:101-11
references.pmid: 16775039
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 1991 Feb 14;324(7):455-60
references.pmid: 1988831
references.citation: Scand J Gastroenterol. 2002 Jan;37(1):120-3
references.pmid: 11843028
references.citation: Liver Transpl. 2009 Dec;15(12):1888-90
references.pmid: 19938107
references.citation: Am J Gastroenterol. 2001 Apr;96(4):1274-7
references.pmid: 11316183
references.citation: J Clin Pathol. 1994 Nov;47(11):1022-7
references.pmid: 7829677
references.citation: Gastroenterology. 1991 Nov;101(5):1417-9
references.pmid: 1936812
references.citation: Med Sci Monit. 2003 Aug;9 Suppl 3:29-31
references.pmid: 15156608
references.citation: Liver. 1982 Dec;2(4):393-403
references.pmid: 7167039
references.citation: Int J STD AIDS. 2012 Jul;23(7):e3-4
references.pmid: 22844018
references.citation: Hepatology. 1992 Aug;16(2):327-33
references.pmid: 1639341
references.citation: Hepatology. 2002 Aug;36(2):479-97
references.pmid: 12143059
references.citation: Am J Gastroenterol. 2000 Mar;95(3):799-801
references.pmid: 10710079
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 2008 Aug 7;359(6):593-602
references.pmid: 18687640
references.citation: J Clin Pathol. 2008 Sep;61(9):1058-61
references.pmid: 18682418
references.citation: Pediatr Pathol. 1994 Jan-Feb;14(1):69-77
references.pmid: 8159622
references.citation: Am J Surg Pathol. 1994 Aug;18(8):804-13
references.pmid: 8037295
references.citation: Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006 Sep;18(9):1023-7
references.pmid: 16894319
references.citation: Liver. 1996 Aug;16(4):274-82
references.pmid: 8878001
references.citation: Med J Armed Forces India. 2007 Apr;63(2):182-3
references.pmid: 27407983
references.citation: J Intern Med. 1998 Oct;244(4):355-60
references.pmid: 9797500
references.citation: Pathol Oncol Res. 1997 Sep;3(3):215-8
references.pmid: 18470733
references.citation: Transpl Int. 1998;11(4):320-2
references.pmid: 9704401
references.citation: J Hepatol. 1995 Mar;22(3):382
references.pmid: 7608496
references.citation: Intern Med. 2011;50(4):315-9
references.pmid: 21325763
references.citation: J Hepatol. 2000 Sep;33(3):505-8
references.pmid: 11020009
references.citation: Praxis (Bern 1994). 1994 Nov 1;83(44):1237-41
references.pmid: 7973279
references.citation: Br J Haematol. 1999 Dec;107(4):877-82
references.pmid: 10606897
references.citation: J Gastroenterol. 1994 Jun;29(3):362-8
references.pmid: 8061807
references.citation: Lancet. 1993 Mar 6;341(8845):640-1
references.pmid: 8094875
references.citation: Ann Hepatol. 2009 Jan-Mar;8(1):68-70
references.pmid: 19221538
references.citation: Hum Pathol. 2006 Oct;37(10):1344-9
references.pmid: 16949926