title: Anti-ABCG2 monoclonal antibody in combination with paclitaxel nanoparticles against cancer stem-like cell activity in multiple myeloma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of anti-ABCG2 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in combination with paclitaxel iron oxide nanoparticles (PTX-NPs) on CD138(-)CD34(-) multiple myeloma (MM) cancer stem cells (CSCs) in JJN3 cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  PTX-NPs were prepared using the hydrophobic interaction of the polyoxypropylene chain and oleic acid on the surface of iron oxide NPs and were targeted to the ABCG2 transporter overexpressing MM CSCs with mAbs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The data showed that MM CSCs have strong drug resistance and tumorigenicity compared with non-MM CSCs. PTX-NPs combined with mAbs led to a significant reduction in the tumor volume, a visible alleviation of lytic bone lesions and a markedly increased survival rate in contrast to using a single agent in MM CSCs when it was transplanted to nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study is the first to report on the anti-MM CSC activity by PTX-NPs as a single agent or used together with anti-ABCG2 mAbs to treat MM. These findings provide a rationale for future clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathogenic Biology & Immunology, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
authors.forename: Cuiping
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dou
authors.forename: Junsong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Dengyu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Shouhua
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gu
mesh_terms: D000070997:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D051379:Mice; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: C116614:ABCG2 protein, human; D000070997:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D004337:Drug Carriers; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; C000499:ferric oxide; D017239:Paclitaxel