title: MicroRNAs play a central role in molecular dysfunctions linking inflammation with cancer.
abstract: It is now largely admitted that a pro-inflammatory environment may curtail anti-tumor immunity and favor cancer initiation and progression. The discovery that small non-coding regulatory RNAs, namely microRNAs (miRNAs), regulate all aspects of cell proliferation, differentiation, and function has shed a new light on regulatory mechanisms linking inflammation and cancer. Thus, miRNAs such as miR-21, miR-125b, miR-155, miR-196, and miR-210 that are critical for the immune response or hypoxia are often overexpressed in cancers and leukemias. Given the high number of their target transcripts, their deregulation may have a number of deleterious consequences, depending on the cellular context. In this review, we focus on how the factors encoded by transcripts targeted by these five miRNAs, be they transcription factors, tumor-suppressors, or regulators of different signaling pathways, can deregulate the immune response and favor pro-tumor immunity. Furthermore, we expose how the misdirected action of the main regulators of these miRNAs, such as nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), activator protein-1 (AP-1), and signal transduction and activators of transcription (STAT) transcription factors, or AKT and transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling pathways, can contribute to decrease anti-tumor immunity and enhance cell proliferation and oncogenesis. We conclude by briefly discussing about how these discoveries may possibly lead to the development of new miRNA-based cancer therapies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Esmerina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tili
authors.forename: Jean-Jacques
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Michaille
authors.forename: Carlo M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Croce
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001691:Biological Therapy; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007109:Immunity / Q000235:genetics; D007249:Inflammation / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000276:immunology*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D019139:Tumor Escape
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs; D014157:Transcription Factors; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta