title: Clinical application of gamma knife dose verification method in multiple brain tumors : modified variable ellipsoid modeling technique.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Leksell Gamma Knife® (LGK) is based on a single-fraction high dose treatment strategy. Therefore, independent verification of the Leksell GammaPlan® (LGP) is important for ensuring patient safety and minimizing the risk of treatment errors. Although several verification techniques have been previously developed and reported, no method has ever been tested statistically on multiple LGK target treatments. The purpose of this study was to perform and to evaluate the accuracy of a verification method (modified variable ellipsoid modeling technique, MVEMT) for multiple target treatments.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 500 locations in 10 consecutive patients with multiple brain tumor targets were included in this study. We compared the data from an LGP planning system and MVEMT in terms of dose at random points, maximal dose points, and target volumes. All data was analyzed by t-test and the Bland-Altman plot, which are statistical methods used to compare two different measurement techniques.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No statistical difference in dose at the 500 random points was observed between LGP and MVEMT. Differences in maximal dose ranged from -2.4% to 6.1%. An average distance of 1.6 mm between the maximal dose points was observed when comparing the two methods.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Statistical analyses demonstrated that MVEMT was in excellent agreement with LGP when planning for radiosurgery involving multiple target treatments. MVEMT is a useful, independent tool for planning multiple target treatment that provides statistically identical data to that produced by LGP. Findings from the present study indicate that MVEMT can be used as a reference dose verification system for multiple tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Beong Ik
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Hur
authors.forename: Jae Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Won Ho
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Dong Wan
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Choong Rak
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Byung Kwan
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Choi
keywords: Brain tumor; Gamma Knife; Radiation dose; Radiosurgery
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