title: Arginase activity - a marker of disease status in patients with visceral leishmaniasis in ethiopia.
abstract: The underlying mechanisms resulting in the profound immune suppression characteristic of human visceral leishmaniasis (VL) are not fully understood. Here, we tested the hypothesis that arginase, an enzyme associated with immunosuppression, is higher in patients with VL and contributes to impaired T cell responses. We recruited patients with VL before and after treatment and healthy controls and measured the arginase metabolism in the blood of these individuals. Our results show that arginase activity is significantly higher in the blood of patients with active VL as compared to controls. These high levels of arginase decline considerably once the patients are successfully treated. We identified the phenotype of arginase-expressing cells among PBMCs as neutrophils and show that their frequency was increased in PBMCs of patients before treatment; this coincides with reduced levels of L-arginine in the plasma and decreased expression levels of CD3ζ in T cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Tamrat
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Abebe
authors.forename: Yegnasew
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takele
authors.forename: Teklu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Weldegebreal
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cloke
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Closs
authors.forename: Camille
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Corset
authors.forename: Asrat
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hailu
authors.forename: Workagegnehu
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hailu
authors.forename: Yifru
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sisay
authors.forename: Karina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Corware
authors.forename: Margaux
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Corset
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Modolell
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Munder
authors.forename: Fabienne
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tacchini-Cottier
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: Pascale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kropf
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001119:Arginase / Q000097:blood*; D001120:Arginine / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D017252:CD3 Complex / Q000032:analysis; D005002:Ethiopia; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D007898:Leishmaniasis, Visceral / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000737:chemistry; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D017252:CD3 Complex; C121704:CD3 antigen, zeta chain; D001120:Arginine; D001119:Arginase
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