title: Protective and pathological roles of mast cells and basophils.
abstract: Mast cells and basophils are potent effector cells of the innate immune system, and they have both beneficial and detrimental functions for the host. They are mainly implicated in pro-inflammatory responses to allergens but can also contribute to protection against pathogens. Although both cell types were identified more than 130 years ago by Paul Ehrlich, their in vivo functions remain poorly understood. The precursor cell populations that give rise to mast cells and basophils have recently been characterized and isolated. Furthermore, new genetically modified mouse strains have been developed, which enable more specific targeting of mast cells and basophils. Such advances offer new opportunities to uncover the true in vivo activities of these cells and to revisit their previously proposed effector functions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infection Biology at the Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University Clinic Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Wasserturmstrasse 3-5, 91054 Erlangen, Germany. david.voehringer@uk-erlangen.de
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Voehringer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001491:Basophils / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D019070:Cell Lineage; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000276:immunology; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000276:immunology; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D010272:Parasitic Diseases / Q000276:immunology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 1989 Nov 25;264(33):20094-9
references.pmid: 2584208
references.citation: Am J Pathol. 2005 Sep;167(3):835-48
references.pmid: 16127161
references.citation: Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2011 Jan;1217:166-77
references.pmid: 21276006
references.citation: J Exp Med. 2000 Dec 18;192(12):1849-56
references.pmid: 11120781
references.citation: Front Immunol. 2012 Feb 20;3:16
references.pmid: 22566901
references.citation: Nat Med. 2012 Mar 25;18(4):538-46
references.pmid: 22447074
references.citation: Blood. 2007 Aug 1;110(3):913-20
references.pmid: 17409268
references.citation: Nature. 2010 Apr 29;464(7293):1367-70
references.pmid: 20200518
references.citation: J Immunol. 1998 Nov 1;161(9):5079-86
references.pmid: 9794446
references.citation: J Struct Biol. 2002 Mar;137(3):313-21
references.pmid: 12096899
references.citation: Blood. 2010 Jun 17;115(24):4981-90
references.pmid: 20233968
references.citation: J Immunol. 2007 May 15;178(10):6023-7
references.pmid: 17475824
references.citation: Cell Immunol. 1994 Oct 1;158(1):253-64
references.pmid: 7916267
references.citation: J Immunol. 2011 May 1;186(9):5254-60
references.pmid: 21421855
references.citation: Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2004 Apr;133(4):317-29
references.pmid: 15031605
references.citation: J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006 Apr;117(4):939-45
references.pmid: 16630955
references.citation: Blood. 2012 Jul 5;120(1):76-85
references.pmid: 22611151
references.citation: Annu Rev Immunol. 2005;23:749-86
references.pmid: 15771585
references.citation: Nat Rev Immunol. 2007 Dec;7(12):975-87
references.pmid: 18007680
references.citation: Nat Immunol. 2005 Feb;6(2):135-42
references.pmid: 15662442
references.citation: Immunity. 2005 Aug;23(2):191-202
references.pmid: 16111637
references.citation: Immunology. 1976 Mar;30(3):311-6
references.pmid: 1254319
references.citation: J Immunol. 1983 Jan;130(1):334-40
references.pmid: 6183356
references.citation: Immunity. 2009 Apr 17;30(4):533-43
references.pmid: 19362019
references.citation: Immunity. 2011 Jun 24;34(6):973-84
references.pmid: 21703544
references.citation: Int J Parasitol. 1973 Mar;3(2):195-200
references.pmid: 4706571
references.citation: Immunity. 2011 Nov 23;35(5):832-44
references.pmid: 22101159
references.citation: Immunity. 2010 Sep 24;33(3):364-74
references.pmid: 20817571
references.citation: J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011 Jun;127(6):1552-61.e1
references.pmid: 21624619
references.citation: Nat Rev Immunol. 2010 Apr;10(4):225-35
references.pmid: 20336151
references.citation: Eur J Immunol. 1998 Mar;28(3):1022-33
references.pmid: 9541598
references.citation: Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol. 1986;80(1):85-94
references.pmid: 3514477
references.citation: J Leukoc Biol. 2002 Apr;71(4):557-64
references.pmid: 11927641
references.citation: J Immunol. 1997 Jan 1;158(1):294-300
references.pmid: 8977202
references.citation: Nature. 2002 Dec 19-26;420(6917):875-8
references.pmid: 12490961
references.citation: Exp Dermatol. 2006 Nov;15(11):855-64
references.pmid: 17002682
references.citation: J Clin Invest. 2006 Jun;116(6):1633-41
references.pmid: 16710480
references.citation: J Exp Med. 2010 Sep 27;207(10):2089-96
references.pmid: 20819926
references.citation: J Immunol. 2009 Nov 15;183(10):6369-76
references.pmid: 19841188
references.citation: FASEB J. 2005 Oct;19(12):1743-5
references.pmid: 16037096
references.citation: Nature. 1993 Sep 23;365(6444):340-3
references.pmid: 7690905
references.citation: J Leukoc Biol. 1997 Mar;61(3):233-45
references.pmid: 9060446
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Sep 11;109(37):14954-9
references.pmid: 22930820
references.citation: Nat Med. 2006 Aug;12(8):955-60
references.pmid: 16892038
references.citation: Immunity. 2004 May;20(5):623-35
references.pmid: 15142530
references.citation: Blood. 1979 Jun;53(6):1085-8
references.pmid: 444650
references.citation: Science. 2012 Jul 27;337(6093):431-5
references.pmid: 22837519
references.citation: Trends Immunol. 2002 Mar;23(3):151-8
references.pmid: 11864844
references.citation: Immunity. 2004 Mar;20(3):267-77
references.pmid: 15030771
references.citation: Microbes Infect. 2005 Jun;7(7-8):990-6
references.pmid: 15961339
references.citation: Lancet. 2006 May 6;367(9521):1521-32
references.pmid: 16679166
references.citation: Immunogenetics. 2006 Aug;58(8):655-69
references.pmid: 16807745
references.citation: Blood. 2008 Oct 1;112(7):2969-72
references.pmid: 18635811
references.citation: Trends Immunol. 2012 Dec;33(12):613-25
references.pmid: 23127755
references.citation: J Immunol. 1988 May 1;140(9):3206-11
references.pmid: 2966208
references.citation: J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008 May;121(5):1262-8
references.pmid: 18325577
references.citation: Trends Immunol. 2003 May;24(5):269-77
references.pmid: 12738422
references.citation: J Immunol. 2010 Jan 1;184(1):344-50
references.pmid: 19955520
references.citation: Nat Med. 2010 Jun;16(6):701-7
references.pmid: 20512127
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Dec 13;102(50):18105-10
references.pmid: 16330751
references.citation: J Exp Med. 2010 Sep 27;207(10):2097-111
references.pmid: 20819925
references.citation: Infect Immun. 1981 Jul;33(1):54-8
references.pmid: 7263072
references.citation: Immunity. 2001 Jun;14(6):791-800
references.pmid: 11420048
references.citation: Immunity. 2008 Apr;28(4):581-9
references.pmid: 18342553
references.citation: Infect Immun. 1997 Jan;65(1):335-8
references.pmid: 8975935
references.citation: Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2003 Jan;3(1):30-5
references.pmid: 12542990
references.citation: J Exp Med. 2006 Jun 12;203(6):1435-46
references.pmid: 16702603
references.citation: J Immunol. 2008 Apr 1;180(7):4885-91
references.pmid: 18354212
references.citation: Allergy. 2011 Aug;66(8):1107-13
references.pmid: 21371044
references.citation: Am J Pathol. 2008 Dec;173(6):1693-701
references.pmid: 18988802
references.citation: Nat Immunol. 2011 Jun;12(6):527-35
references.pmid: 21552267
references.citation: Nat Immunol. 2009 Jul;10(7):706-12
references.pmid: 19465908
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Apr 24;109(17):6644-9
references.pmid: 22493240
references.citation: Blood. 2008 Nov 15;112(10):3949-58
references.pmid: 18768389
references.citation: J Exp Med. 2004 Oct 4;200(7):857-70
references.pmid: 15466620
references.citation: Immunol Res. 2006;34(2):97-115
references.pmid: 16760571
references.citation: Blood. 2009 Mar 19;113(12):2816-25
references.pmid: 18941115
references.citation: J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012 May;129(5):1377-1386.e13
references.pmid: 22460072
references.citation: Genesis. 2008 Mar;46(3):163-6
references.pmid: 18327770
references.citation: Br J Haematol. 2003 Oct;123(1):19-21
references.pmid: 14510938
references.citation: Immunity. 2012 Jul 27;37(1):25-33
references.pmid: 22840841
references.citation: Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1991;629:48-61
references.pmid: 1952578
references.citation: J Immunol. 1990 Jan 1;144(1):259-62
references.pmid: 2295794
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Feb 9;107(6):2586-91
references.pmid: 20133791
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2004 Jan 23;279(4):2438-52
references.pmid: 14583634
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Dec 4;104(49):19434-9
references.pmid: 18042725
references.citation: J Immunol. 1983 Sep;131(3):1460-5
references.pmid: 6193190
references.citation: Parasitology. 2010 Apr;137(5):881-7
references.pmid: 20025828
references.citation: Nature. 2011 Aug 14;477(7363):229-33
references.pmid: 21841801
references.citation: J Immunol. 2012 Feb 15;188(4):1809-18
references.pmid: 22250079
references.citation: Am Rev Respir Dis. 1991 Jul;144(1):51-8
references.pmid: 2064141
references.citation: J Clin Invest. 2010 Aug;120(8):2867-75
references.pmid: 20664169
references.citation: J Immunol. 1997 Aug 15;159(4):1868-75
references.pmid: 9257851
references.citation: J Immunol. 1982 Aug;129(2):790-6
references.pmid: 7086142
references.citation: Biochim Biophys Acta. 2012 Jan;1822(1):42-8
references.pmid: 21236338
references.citation: J Invest Dermatol. 1984 Oct;83(4):302-4
references.pmid: 6481181
references.citation: J Immunol. 2009 Apr 15;182(8):4686-95
references.pmid: 19342644
references.citation: Science. 2002 Sep 6;297(5587):1689-92
references.pmid: 12215644
references.citation: Nat Med. 2012 Apr 05;18(4):488-9; author reply 489-90
references.pmid: 22481402
references.citation: J Immunol. 2009 Mar 1;182(5):2835-41
references.pmid: 19234178
references.citation: Eur J Immunol. 1992 Jun;22(6):1483-94
references.pmid: 1601036
references.citation: Infect Immun. 1983 Jul;41(1):445-7
references.pmid: 6345400
references.citation: Immunity. 2012 Jul 27;37(1):13-24
references.pmid: 22840840
references.citation: J Leukoc Biol. 2009 Dec;86(6):1417-25
references.pmid: 19703899
references.citation: Nat Rev Immunol. 2007 Feb;7(2):93-104
references.pmid: 17259966
references.citation: Nature. 2011 Jun 19;475(7354):110-3
references.pmid: 21685887
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Aug 9;102(32):11408-13
references.pmid: 16006518
references.citation: Genes Dev. 2006 Nov 1;20(21):3010-21
references.pmid: 17079688
references.citation: Clin Exp Allergy. 1993 Nov;23(11):919-25
references.pmid: 10779279
references.citation: Annu Rev Immunol. 2011;29:45-69
references.pmid: 21166539
references.citation: Eur J Immunol. 1991 Nov;21(11):2679-86
references.pmid: 1936116
references.citation: Crit Rev Immunol. 2011;31(6):475-529
references.pmid: 22321108
references.citation: J Immunol. 2011 Feb 15;186(4):1899-903
references.pmid: 21248252
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2007 Jan 19;282(3):1615-26
references.pmid: 17114184
references.citation: J Immunol. 2007 Nov 15;179(10):7093-100
references.pmid: 17982101
references.citation: Nat Immunol. 2010 Jul;11(7):608-17
references.pmid: 20495560
references.citation: Blood. 2005 Jun 1;105(11):4282-9
references.pmid: 15718418
references.citation: Infect Immun. 2003 Feb;71(2):747-53
references.pmid: 12540554
references.citation: J Immunol. 2011 Jul 1;187(1):274-82
references.pmid: 21646293
references.citation: Transgenic Res. 2008 Apr;17(2):307-15
references.pmid: 17972156
references.citation: J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010 Feb;125(2 Suppl 2):S161-81
references.pmid: 20176258
references.citation: Nat Immunol. 2009 Feb;10(2):214-22
references.pmid: 19098920
references.citation: Nat Rev Immunol. 2010 Jun;10(6):440-52
references.pmid: 20498670
references.citation: J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009 Feb;123(2):342-51
references.pmid: 19121857
references.citation: Allergy. 2012 May;67(5):601-8
references.pmid: 22335568
references.citation: Nat Immunol. 2008 Jul;9(7):733-42
references.pmid: 18516038
references.citation: Blood. 2003 Aug 15;102(4):1290-7
references.pmid: 12714518
references.citation: Eur J Immunol. 1996 Dec;26(12):2972-80
references.pmid: 8977293
references.citation: Trends Immunol. 2011 Feb;32(2):80-8
references.pmid: 21159556
references.citation: J Immunol. 1981 Nov;127(5):2163-7
references.pmid: 7299125
references.citation: Nature. 1990 Mar 29;344(6265):444-7
references.pmid: 2320112
references.citation: J Exp Med. 2000 Mar 6;191(5):813-22
references.pmid: 10704463
references.citation: Nature. 1994 Aug 4;370(6488):367-70
references.pmid: 8047141
references.citation: Eur J Immunol. 2009 Jan;39(1):11-25
references.pmid: 19130582
references.citation: Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2012 Nov;4(6):332-40
references.pmid: 23115729
references.citation: Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 1997 May-Jul;113(1-3):128-30
references.pmid: 9130501
references.citation: Nat Immunol. 2009 Jul;10(7):713-20
references.pmid: 19465907
references.citation: Chem Immunol Allergy. 2005;87:179-197
references.pmid: 16107772
references.citation: J Clin Invest. 2011 Apr;121(4):1484-96
references.pmid: 21436586
references.citation: Immunity. 1998 Feb;8(2):255-64
references.pmid: 9492006
references.citation: Eur Cytokine Netw. 2010 Sep;21(3):142-53
references.pmid: 20837449
references.citation: Blood. 2011 Dec 22;118(26):6930-8
references.pmid: 22001390
references.citation: J Immunol. 2004 Jan 15;172(2):1139-45
references.pmid: 14707089
references.citation: Int Immunol. 2009 Jun;21(6):621-32
references.pmid: 19346259
references.citation: J Immunol. 2010 May 1;184(9):5213-23
references.pmid: 20357259
references.citation: Nat Immunol. 2009 Jul;10(7):697-705
references.pmid: 19465906
references.citation: J Immunol. 2009 May 1;182(9):5507-14
references.pmid: 19380799
references.citation: Nat Rev Immunol. 2011 Jun;11(6):375-88
references.pmid: 21610741
references.citation: J Exp Med. 2007 Nov 26;204(12):2797-802
references.pmid: 17998392
references.citation: J Leukoc Biol. 2003 Jan;73(1):165-71
references.pmid: 12525574
references.citation: J Immunol. 2010 Feb 1;184(3):1143-7
references.pmid: 20038645
references.citation: Cell Stem Cell. 2010 Apr 2;6(4):361-8
references.pmid: 20362540
references.citation: Blood. 1996 Aug 15;88(4):1225-33
references.pmid: 8695840
references.citation: Lab Invest. 1999 Jan;79(1):27-38
references.pmid: 9952108
references.citation: Science. 1996 Feb 9;271(5250):818-22
references.pmid: 8629001
references.citation: J Anat. 1979 Mar;128(Pt 2):225-38
references.pmid: 438085
references.citation: Blood. 1978 Aug;52(2):447-52
references.pmid: 352443
references.citation: Blood. 2004 Nov 1;104(9):2832-9
references.pmid: 15242876
references.citation: Nature. 1998 Mar 5;392(6671):90-3
references.pmid: 9510253
references.citation: Front Immunol. 2012 Aug 02;3:238
references.pmid: 22876248
references.citation: Dev Comp Immunol. 2011 Jan;35(1):125-34
references.pmid: 20849876
references.citation: Nat Immunol. 2008 Mar;9(3):310-8
references.pmid: 18300366
references.citation: J Exp Med. 2001 Jan 15;193(2):255-61
references.pmid: 11208866