title: Genome sequence of ground tit Pseudopodoces humilis and its adaptation to high altitude.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The mechanism of high-altitude adaptation has been studied in certain mammals. However, in avian species like the ground tit Pseudopodoces humilis, the adaptation mechanism remains unclear. The phylogeny of the ground tit is also controversial.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using next generation sequencing technology, we generated and assembled a draft genome sequence of the ground tit. The assembly contained 1.04 Gb of sequence that covered 95.4% of the whole genome and had higher N50 values, at the level of both scaffolds and contigs, than other sequenced avian genomes. About 1.7 million SNPs were detected, 16,998 protein-coding genes were predicted and 7% of the genome was identified as repeat sequences. Comparisons between the ground tit genome and other avian genomes revealed a conserved genome structure and confirmed the phylogeny of ground tit as not belonging to the Corvidae family. Gene family expansion and positively selected gene analysis revealed genes that were related to cardiac function. Our findings contribute to our understanding of the adaptation of this species to extreme environmental living conditions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data and analysis contribute to the study of avian evolutionary history and provide new insights into the adaptation mechanisms to extreme conditions in animals.
authors.forename: Qingle
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Xiaoju
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: Yongshan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: Yadan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Jiaohui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Shengkai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Yuanyuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hui
authors.forename: Caiyun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gou
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Meirong
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.forename: Jinyang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Songbo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zhaobao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xinming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Rongjun
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Jinchao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Longhai
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Yingrui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000235:genetics*; D000531:Altitude; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D016678:Genome / Q000235:genetics*; D058977:Molecular Sequence Annotation; D016366:Open Reading Frames / Q000235:genetics; D046109:Passeriformes / Q000235:genetics*; D010802:Phylogeny; D012641:Selection, Genetic; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013045:Species Specificity; D026801:Synteny / Q000235:genetics
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