title: Encapsulation of indole-3-carbinol and 3,3'-diindolylmethane in zein/carboxymethyl chitosan nanoparticles with controlled release property and improved stability.
abstract: Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) and 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM) are two bioactive compounds from Cruciferous vegetables. The stability of these compounds is a major challenge for their pharmaceutical applications. In this study, zein and zein/carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) nanoparticles were prepared to encapsulate I3C and DIM by a combined liquid-liquid phase separation and ionic gelation method. After zein nanoparticles were coated with CMCS, the zeta potential was decreased from around -10 to -20 mV, and encapsulation efficiency was greatly improved. Both nanoparticle formulations provided controlled release of I3C and DIM in PBS medium. Zein and zein/CMCS nanoparticles demonstrated similar protection for both I3C and DIM against ultraviolet (UV) light, attributed mainly to the contribution of the zein protein. Compared with zein nanoparticles, zein/CMCS nanoparticles exhibited better protection of I3C against degradation and better inhibition against its oligomerization to DIM under thermal condition (37°C). Based on our results, the encapsulation of hydrophobic bioactives in zein/CMCS nanoparticles is a promising approach to improve their stability against harsh conditions and provide controlled release for food/pharmaceutical applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, 0112 Skinner Building, College Park, MD 20742, United States.
authors.forename: Yangchao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Thomas T Y
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Teng
authors.forename: Pei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jianghao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D048271:Chitosan / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000737:chemistry*; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry*; D004339:Drug Compounding; D004355:Drug Stability; D006358:Hot Temperature; D007211:Indoles / Q000737:chemistry*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D015028:Zein / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004337:Drug Carriers; D007211:Indoles; D010936:Plant Extracts; C514968:carboxymethyl-chitosan; D015028:Zein; D048271:Chitosan; C016517:indole-3-carbinol; C016392:3,3'-diindolylmethane