title: Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Physical Therapy Outpatient Satisfaction Survey in an Italian musculoskeletal population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although patient satisfaction is a relevant outcome measure for health care providers, few satisfaction questionnaires have been generally available to physical therapists or have been validated in an Italian population for use in the outpatient setting. The aim of this study was to translate, culturally adapt, and validate the Italian version of the Physical Therapy Outpatient Satisfaction Survey (PTOPS).
  
  
  METHODS
  The Italian version of the PTOPS (PTOPS-I) was developed through forward-backward translation, review, and field-testing a pre-final version. The reliability of the final questionnaire was measured by internal consistency and test-retest stability at 7 days. Factor analysis was also used to explore construct validity. Concurrent validity was measured by comparing PTOPS-I with a 5-point Likert-type scale measure assessing the Global Perceived Effect (GPE) of the treatment and with a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  354 outpatients completed the PTOPS-I, and 56 took the re-test. The internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) of the original domains (Enhancers, Detractors, Location, and Cost) was 0.758 for Enhancers, 0.847 for Detractors, 0.885 for Location, and 0.706 for Cost. The test-retest stability (Intra-class Correlation Coefficients) was 0.769 for Enhancers, 0.893 for Detractors, 0.862 for Location, and 0.862 for Cost. The factor analysis of the Italian version revealed a structure into four domains, named Depersonalization, Inaccessibility, Ambience, and Cost. Concurrent validity with GPE was significantly demonstrated for all domains except Inaccessibility. Irrelevant or non-significant correlations were observed with VAS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The PTOPS-I showed good psychometric properties. Its use can be suggested for Italian-speaking outpatients who receive physical therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM) Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Pelagio Palagi 9, Bologna 40138, Italy.
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vanti
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bonetti
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ceron
authors.forename: Raffaella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Piccarreta
authors.forename: Francesco Saverio
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Violante
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guccione
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pillastrini
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000553:Ambulatory Care / Q000592:standards*; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000208:ethnology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000628:therapy; D017060:Patient Satisfaction / Q000208:ethnology*; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities / Q000592:standards*; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D057566:Self Report / Q000592:standards; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D055815:Young Adult
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