title: Green tea formulations with vitamin C and xylitol on enhanced intestinal transport of green tea catechins.
abstract: The effect of green tea formulated with vitamin C and xylitol on intestinal cell transport of gallated and nongallated catechin was studied. The transport of catechins from both apical to basolateral and basolateral to apical directions was measured. The effect of vitamin C (4, 10, 20 ppm), xylitol (11, 27.5, 55 ppm), and combinations of both on the intestinal transport rate of catechins was examined. The efflux value (Pb→a/Pa→b) of (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC), (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), (-)-epicatechin (EC), and (-)-epicatechin gallate (ECG) was 0.26, 0.22, 1.22, and 0.17, respectively, indicating that EC appeared to be less absorbed compared with other catechins. The addition of xylitol (11, 27.5, 55 ppm) and vitamin C (4, 10, 20 ppm) and in combination enhanced transport rate of nongallated catechins such as EC and EGC. For EC, vitamin C was revealed to be the most effective on intestinal transport, implying the inhibition of the efflux transport mechanism of EC. Intestinal transport of gallated catechins significantly increased from catechins formulated with vitamin C and xylitol in a dose-dependent manner compared to the catechin-only formulation. Results provide a potential strategy to enhance the delivery and bioavailability of catechins in humans by modulating green tea formulation with vitamin C and xylitol.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Food Science & Technology and Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong Univ., 98 Gunja-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-747, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Hwan
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Sol
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sang-Jun
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jin-Oh
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Yu-Jin
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Soon-Mi
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Shim
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001682:Biological Availability; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D002392:Catechin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D006801:Humans; D007408:Intestinal Absorption / Q000187:drug effects; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D007422:Intestines / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D013662:Tea / Q000737:chemistry; D014993:Xylitol / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013662:Tea; D002392:Catechin; C062669:epicatechin gallate; C045651:epigallocatechin gallate; C057580:gallocatechol; D001205:Ascorbic Acid; D014993:Xylitol