title: Prevalence and clinical factors of anxiety and depression in neurally mediated and unexplained syncope.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Several studies have demonstrated that psychiatric disorders such as anxiety, depression and panic attack are associated with syncope, especially vasovagal and unexplained syncope (US). The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of anxiety and depression between patients with neurally mediated syncope (NMS) and US and to investigate the clinical factors associated with anxiety and depression.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 2009 and March 2010, 383 patients with syncopal episodes completed a Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale questionnaire to assess symptoms of anxiety and depression. Inclusion criteria were NMS and US. Exclusion criteria were cardiac syncope, orthostatic hypotension and other disorders mimicking syncope. After exclusion, 199 patients were included.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 176 (88.4%) NMS patients and 23 (11.6%) US patients. The prevalence of abnormal anxiety and depression were not significantly different between the NMS and US groups (10.2% vs. 8.7%, p=0.99; 8.5% vs. 17.4%, p=0.24). Clinical factors associated with anxiety were female gender (p=0.01) and six or more recurrent syncopal episodes (p=0.01) by univariate analysis. The only factor associated with abnormal anxiety score (OR=20.26, 95% CI: 1.4-291.6, p=0.01) was more than six recurrent syncopal episodes, while a positive head-up tilt table testing response was inversely associated with abnormal depression score (OR=0.28, CI: 0.08-0.97, p=0.04) in the multiple logistic regression analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anxiety was associated with frequent syncopal episodes. Thus, anxiety might be considered in the management of syncope patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Cardiac and Vascular Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Irwon-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-710, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Ho
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Seung-Jung
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Kyeongmin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Byeon
authors.forename: Young Keun
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: On
authors.forename: Hye Ran
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Yim
authors.forename: June Soo
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D012737:Sex Factors; D019462:Syncope, Vasovagal / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D018667:Tilt-Table Test
keywords: Anxiety; depression; syncope
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