title: [Signaling of granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor and its clinical application: host-defense and organ protection].
abstract: Granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a cytokine with multipotent properties. It has not only an activity to generate both granulocyte and macrophage lineages in the bone marrow, but also is capable of inducing terminal maturation of alveolar macrophages that is central for pulmonary host defense and pulmonary surfactant homeostasis. GM-CSF can stimulate mature myeloid cells (i.e. neutrophils and monocytes) with a known mechanism called "priming" to efficiently eliminate invading pathogens. Several clinical trials to evaluate therapeutic efficacy of GM-CSF in patients with diseases related to functional impairment of mature myeloid cells were reported. Inhalation of GM-CSF improved clinical severity of pulmonary alveolar proteionosis. Administration of GM-CSF for patients with immune compromised situation such as sepsis showed marginal benefits so far. Several animal experiments indicated neuroprotective effect of GM-CSE In the clinical setting, establishing reliable biomarkers to distinguish patients who will have benefit by administering GM-CSF may maximize its clinical efficacy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655.
authors.forename: Kanji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Uchida
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007153:Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes / Q000188:drug therapy; D011649:Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor