title: Bone mineral density patterns in vitamin D deficient African American men with sickle cell disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe bone mineral density (BMD) patterns by densitometry in adult African American (AA) men with sickle cell disease (SCD) who are vitamin D deficient (Vit DD).
  
  
  METHODS
  All SCD phenotypes were eligible. Those with chronic renal failure or hyperparathyroidism were excluded.
  
  
  METHODS
  Demographics, body mass index and SCD genotype.
  Albumin, ferritin, calcium, phosphorus, 25-hydroxy vitamin D and intact-parathyroid hormone were obtained. BMD, T and Z scores: T scores at the lumbar spine were used to categorize normal, osteopenia and osteoporosis based on World Health Organization criteria.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mean ± standard deviation was used to describe continuous data, whereas categorical data were described by counts and percentages. The χ test was used to analyze categorical variables; Student's t test or one-way analysis of variance, when appropriate, was used to compare continuous variables. Rates of osteopenia-osteoporosis were determined, and the parameter with 95% confidence interval (CI) of a proportion was constructed. All tests were 2-sided, and a P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. We used StatView Version 5.01 (SAS institute Inc, Cary, NC) for the statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-eight AA men with SCD disease and Vit DD were enrolled in this study. We found that 42% of the men studied had low-BMD (osteopenia or osteoporosis) using T scores at the lumbar spine to establish densitometry strata. The prevalence of osteoporosis was 14%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A large proportion of adult AA men with SCD and Vit DD showed low BMD.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine (PA-G), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee; Department of Biological Sciences (ABD), College of Arts and Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee; and Department of Medicine (CRW) and Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine (AXF), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Adams-Graves
authors.forename: Alden B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Daniels
authors.forename: Catherine R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Womack
authors.forename: Amado X
authors.initials: AX
authors.lastname: Freire
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D000755:Anemia, Sickle Cell / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism*; D015519:Bone Density; D001851:Bone Diseases, Metabolic / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013714:Tennessee / Q000453:epidemiology; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D055815:Young Adult