title: A neural signature of the creation of social evaluation.
abstract: Previous research has shown that receiving an unfair monetary offer in economic bargaining elicits also-called feedback negativity (FN). This scalp-recorded brain potential probably reflects a bad-vs-good evaluation in the medial frontal cortex and has been linked to fundamental processes of reinforcement learning. In the present study, we investigated whether the evaluative mechanism indexed by the FN is also involved in learning who is an unfair vs fair bargaining partner. An electroencephalogram was recorded while participants completed a computerized version of the Ultimatum Game, repeatedly receiving fair or unfair monetary offers from alleged other participants. Some of these proposers were either always fair or always unfair in their offers. In each trial, participants first saw a portrait picture of the respective proposer before the monetary offer was presented. Therefore, the faces could be used as predictive cues for the fairness of the pending offers. We found that not only unfair offers themselves induced a FN, but also (over the task) faces of unfair proposers. Thus, when interaction partners repeatedly behave in an unfair way, their faces acquire a negative valence, which manifests in a basal neural mechanism of bad-vs-good evaluation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology I, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany and Department of Psychology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany roman.osinsky@uni-wuerzburg.de.
authors.forename: Roman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Osinsky
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology I, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany and Department of Psychology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mussel
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology I, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany and Department of Psychology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ohrlein
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology I, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany and Department of Psychology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07743 Jena, GermanyDepartment of Psychology I, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany and Department of Psychology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hewig
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005071:Evoked Potentials; D005145:Face; D025461:Feedback, Physiological; D005260:Female; D005717:Games, Experimental; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D007600:Judgment / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D012938:Social Perception; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: evaluative conditioning; feedback negativity; social evaluation; ultimatum game
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