title: Osteoblastic and osteoclastic differentiation on SLA and hydrophilic modified SLA titanium surfaces.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the activities of both osteoblastic and osteoclastic differentiation on sandblasted/acid etched (SLA), hydrophilic SLA surfaces (modSLA) and pretreatment titanium (PT).
  
  
  METHODS
  The osteoblastic differentiation was evaluated by alkaline phosphatase analysis and Alizarin Red S staining, and the expression of bone-related proteins, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), osteopontin (OPN), and osteocalcin (OCN), was investigated by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Primary mice monocytes were expanded and differentiated in the presence of macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF), and osteoclastic differentiation was evaluated by actin ring formation assay and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity assay. Real-time PCR tests were performed to investigate the expression of gene mRNA expression levels in osteoclast cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Differentiation of osteoblasts in the Alizarin Red S test staining and ALP assay was significantly increased in the modSLA surface. The preceding results were supported by the result of RT-PCR for the expression of Runx2, OPN, and OCN. As for osteoclastic activity, differentiated osteoclasts rarely existed on the SLA and modSLA surface with actin ring. The results of real-time PCR and TRAP activity supported the preceding results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It may be concluded that the modSLA surface promotes osteogenic effect and prevents osteoclastic differentiation. Promotion of osteoblastic proliferation after a short-term cell culture might be responsible for stimulated bone regeneration implying that early loading may be possible. Also, the anti-osteoclastic effect of the modSLA surface may contribute to maintenance of the marginal bone level of dental implants, implying long-term stability would be provided by this surface technology. The modSLA surface may not only make early loading possible but possibly reduce marginal bone loss during the maintenance phase.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Oral Biology, Kyung Hee University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung-Moon
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Bang
authors.forename: Ho-Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: Yong-Dae
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Ji-Yeon
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: Ahran
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pae
authors.forename: Il Keun
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Kwon
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental; D000135:Acid Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D045662:Dental Etching / Q000379:methods*; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology*; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000166:cytology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D013499:Surface Properties; D000071681:Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; D014025:Titanium
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D014025:Titanium; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D000135:Acid Phosphatase; C000605511:Acp5 protein, mouse; D000071681:Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase
keywords: bone remodeling; hydrophilic SLA; osteoblast; osteoclast; titanium