title: The effect of sacral nerve stimulation on distal colonic motility in patients with faecal incontinence.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) is an effective treatment for neurogenic faecal incontinence (FI). However, the clinical improvement that patients experience cannot be explained adequately by changes in anorectal function. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of SNS on colonic propagating sequences (PSs) in patients with FI in whom urgency and incontinence was the predominant symptom.
  
  
  METHODS
  In patients with FI a high-resolution fibre-optic manometry catheter, containing 90 sensors spaced at 1-cm intervals, was positioned colonoscopically and clipped to the caecum. A unipolar or quadripolar tined electrode was implanted into the S3 sacral nerve foramen. Colonic manometry was evaluated in a double-blind randomized crossover trial, using true suprasensory stimulation or sham stimulation. Each stimulation period, lasting 2 h, was preceded by a 2-h basal manometric recording.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All 11 patients studied showed a colonic response to SNS. In ten patients there was a significant increase in the frequency of retrograde PSs throughout the colon during true stimulation compared with sham stimulation (P = 0·014). In one outlier, with baseline retrograde PS frequency nine times that of the nearest patient, a reduction in retrograde PS frequency was recorded. Compared with sham stimulation, SNS had no effect on the frequency of antegrade PSs or high-amplitude PSs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SNS modulates colonic motility in patients with faecal urge incontinence. These data suggest that SNS may improve continence and urgency through alteration of colonic motility, particularly by increasing retrograde PSs in the left colon.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anorectal Physiology, St George Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Patton
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wiklendt
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Arkwright
authors.forename: D Z
authors.initials: DZ
authors.lastname: Lubowski
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Dinning
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003113:Colonoscopy / Q000379:methods; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008160:Lumbosacral Plexus; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D011312:Pressure; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult