title: Conjugation to Biocompatible Dendrimers Increases LanthanideT2Relaxivity of Hydroxypyridinone (HOPO) Complexes for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).
abstract: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents represent a worldwide billion-dollar market annually. WhileT1relaxivity enhancement contrast agents receive greater attention and a significantly larger market share, the commercial potential forT2relaxivity enhancing contrast agents remains a viable diagnostic option due to their increased relaxivity at high field strengths. Improving the contrast and biocompatibility ofT2MRI probes may enable new diagnostic prospects for MRI. Paramagnetic lanthanides have the potential to decreaseT1andT2proton relaxation times, but are not commercially used in MRI diagnostics asT2agents. In this article, oxygen donor chelates (hydroxypyridinone, HOPO, and terephthalamide, TAM) of various lanthanides are demonstrated as biocompatible macromolecular dendrimer conjugates for the development ofT2MRI probes. These conjugates have relaxivities up to 374 mm-1s-1per dendrimer, high bioavailability, and lowin vitrotoxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720 United States.
authors.forename: Piper J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Klemm
authors.forename: William C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Floyd
authors.forename: Christopher M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Andolina
authors.forename: Jean M J
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Fréchet
authors.forename: Kenneth N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Raymond
keywords: Conjugation; Dendrimers; Lanthanides; MRI Probes; T2 Contrast Agent
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