title: Effects of cognitive stimulation therapy Japanese version (CST-J) for people with dementia: a single-blind, controlled clinical trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cognitive stimulation therapy (CST) has shown to have significant benefits in improving the cognitive function and quality of life (QOL) in people with mild-to-moderate dementia in a UK randomized controlled trial (RCT). We developed and examined the Japanese version of group CST (CST-J) in a single-blind, controlled clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  CST-J consisting of 14 sessions was administered to a treatment group (n = 26) twice a week for 7 weeks. The treatment group was compared with a control group (n = 30). Based on single-blindness, cognition was evaluated by a researcher, and QOL and mood were rated by the participants themselves. Additionally, QOL and mood of participants were rated by care workers who were not blind but who observed them most directly in their daily life (important for social validity).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A linear mixed model was used for analyses of cognition and QOL. There were significant improvements in cognition [COGNISTAT (Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination) and MMSE (Mini-Mental State Examination)] for the treatment group compared with the control group (p < 0.01). Regarding QOL, the EQ-5D was significant (p = 0.019) and the QoL-AD (Quality of Life - Alzheimer's Disease) showed a positive trend (p = 0.06) when rated by care workers, although not when rated by the participants themselves. Using a nonparametrical analysis, there were significant improvements in the face scale for mood when rated by both the participants (p < 0.01) and the care workers (p = 0.017).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The CST-J shows promising improvements in cognition, mood, and aspects of QOL for people with dementia in Japanese care settings. A large RCT is now needed.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Human Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan. kyamanak@human.tsukuba.ac.jp
authors.forename: Katsuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamanaka
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawano
authors.forename: Dai
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Noguchi
authors.forename: Shutaro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakaaki
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Amano
authors.forename: Aimee
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Spector
mesh_terms: D000339:Affect; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D003704:Dementia / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011788:Quality of Life; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017678:Sex Distribution; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D014041:Tokyo; D016896:Treatment Outcome
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