title: Enhanced transformation and dechlorination of p-chloronitrobenzene in the combined ZVI-anaerobic sludge system.
abstract: The combination of zero-valent iron (ZVI) with anaerobic sludge for enhancing reductive transformation and dechlorination of p-chloronitrobenzene (p-ClNB) was investigated in this study. p-ClNB was quickly reduced into p-chloroaniline (p-ClAn) and subsequently dechlorinated into aniline in the complex system, and the strengthening factor for pseudo-first-order transformation rate constant of p-ClNB (Q, k ZVI + sludge/(k sludge + k ZVI)) was above 3. The Q values for the different ZVI types with anaerobic sludge were as following: Reduced ZVI (RZVI) > Industrial ZVI > Nanoscale ZVI (NZVI). Thereinto, the aggregation of NZVI occurred, and its reaction activity declined. Furthermore, the increase of ZVI dosage promoted the p-ClNB transformation, but the p-ClAn dechlorination rate and Q value were not improved. With the anaerobic biomass increasing, the dechlorination rate of p-ClAn was significantly enhanced, and the Q value had positive relation with the mass ratio of anaerobic sludge to RZVI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Haizhuan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Jiaoqin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.forename: Xiangyang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000693:Anaerobiosis; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry*; D009578:Nitrobenzenes / Q000737:chemistry*; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry*; D013997:Time Factors; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D009578:Nitrobenzenes; D012722:Sewage; C010407:4-chloronitrobenzene; D007501:Iron
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