title: Parallel increase of circulating CXCL11 and CXCL10 in mixed cryoglobulinemia, while the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 is associated with high serum Th2 chemokine CCL2.
abstract: The aim was to investigate circulating levels of interelukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL)10, CXCL11 and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL)2 in "mixed cryoglobulinemia and hepatitis C" (MC + HCV). Serum levels of CXCL11, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and CCL2 were evaluated in 52 MC + HCV vs 52 sex- and age-matched controls to correlate them to the clinical features of mixed cryoglobulinemia. CXCL11 was significantly higher in MC + HCV than in controls (264 ± 279 vs 70 ± 16 pg/mL, respectively; P = 0.0002; univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA)), in particular in 23 MC + HCV with active vasculitis vs those without (293 ± 221 vs 168 ± 57 pg/mL, respectively; P < 0.001; ANOVA). Significantly high IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, CXCL10, and CCL2 in MC + HCV vs healthy controls were confirmed. In a multiple linear regression model (CXCL11 or CCL2, vs age, alanine aminotransferase, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and CXCL10), CXCL11 was significantly associated with high CXCL10 (P < 0.001), while CCL2 with high IL-6 (P < 0.001). This study demonstrates in MC + HCV high serum levels of (a) T-helper 1 chemokines, CXCL11 and CXCL10 (related to each other) and (b) proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and CCL2 (related to each other).
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa School of Medicine, Via Savi 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy. a.antonelli@med.unipi.it
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Antonelli
authors.forename: Poupak
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fallahi
authors.forename: Silvia Martina
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.forename: Alda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Corrado
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sebastiani
authors.forename: Dilia
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Giuggioli
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miccoli
authors.forename: Anna Linda
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Zignego
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sansonno
authors.forename: Santino
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marchi
authors.forename: Clodoveo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ferri
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000097:blood*; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10 / Q000097:blood*; D054371:Chemokine CXCL11 / Q000097:blood*; D003449:Cryoglobulinemia / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012044:Regression Analysis; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D014657:Vasculitis / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: C111835:CCL2 protein, human; C114753:CXCL10 protein, human; C515202:CXCL11 protein, human; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10; D054371:Chemokine CXCL11; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
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