title: Weight loss, weight maintenance, and adaptive thermogenesis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diet-induced weight loss is accompanied by adaptive thermogenesis, ie, a disproportional or greater than expected reduction of resting metabolic rate (RMR).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate whether adaptive thermogenesis is sustained during weight maintenance after weight loss.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were 22 men and 69 women [mean ± SD age: 40 ± 9 y; body mass index (BMI; in kg/m(2)): 31.9 ± 3.0]. They followed a very-low-energy diet for 8 wk, followed by a 44-wk period of weight maintenance. Body composition was assessed with a 3-compartment model based on body weight, total body water (deuterium dilution), and body volume. RMR was measured (RMRm) with a ventilated hood. In addition, RMR was predicted (RMRp) on the basis of the measured body composition: RMRp (MJ/d) = 0.024 × fat mass (kg) + 0.102 × fat-free mass (kg) + 0.85. Measurements took place before the diet and 8, 20, and 52 wk after the start of the diet.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ratio of RMRm to RMRp decreased from 1.004 ± 0.077 before the diet to 0.963 ± 0.073 after the diet (P < 0.001), and the decrease was sustained after 20 wk (0.983 ± 0.063; P < 0.01) and 52 wk (0.984 ± 0.068; P < 0.01). RMRm/RMRp was correlated with the weight loss after 8 wk (P < 0.01), 20 wk (P < 0.05), and 52 wk (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Weight loss results in adaptive thermogenesis, and there is no indication for a change in adaptive thermogenesis up to 1 y, when weight loss is maintained. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01015508.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Biology, Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands. sg.camps@maastrichtuniversity.nl
authors.forename: Stefan G J A
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Camps
authors.forename: Sanne P M
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Verhoef
authors.forename: Klaas R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Westerterp
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*; D000328:Adult; D001481:Basal Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D004038:Diet, Reducing; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012146:Rest / Q000502:physiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D022722:Thermogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D015431:Weight Loss