title: HIV stroke risk: evidence and implications.
abstract: An estimated 34 million men, women, and children are infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), the virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Current technology cannot eradicate HIV-1, and most patients with HIV-1-infection (HIV+) will require lifelong treatment with combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). Stroke was recognized as a complication of HIV-1 infection since the early days of the epidemic. Potential causes of stroke in HIV-1 include opportunistic infections, tumors, atherosclerosis, diabetes, hypertension, autoimmunity, coagulopathies, cardiovascular disease, and direct HIV-1 infection of the arterial wall. Ischemic stroke has emerged as a particularly significant neurological complication of HIV-1 and its treatment due to the aging of the HIV+ population, chronic HIV-1 infection, inflammation, and prolonged exposure to cART. New prevention and treatment strategies tailored to the needs of the HIV+ population are needed to address this issue.
authors.affiliation: National Neurological AIDS Bank, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 11645 Wilshire Blvd, Suite 770, Los Angeles, CA 90025, USA.
authors.forename: Elyse J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Singer
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Valdes-Sueiras
authors.forename: Deborah L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Commins
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yong
authors.forename: Margrit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carlson
keywords: atherosclerosis; cerebrovascular; human immunodeficiency virus type 1; infection; inflammation; stroke
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