title: Microalbuminuria in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Microalbuminuria is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Microalbuminuria may be seen due to hypoxemia in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In this study, we investigated prevalence and relationship of microalbuminuria with clinical and physiological parameters in patients with COPD.
  
  
  METHODS
  During the research, 66 consecutive patients with COPD and 40 cases smokers with normal spirometry were included. The urinary albumin creatinin ratio (UACR) was calculated according to previously described formula. The presence of microalbuminuria was defined as UACR being ≥20 in men and ≥30 in women. The severity index of chronic diseases was evaluated by using MCIRS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rate of presence of microalbuminuria and UACR were higher in patients with COPD than smokers with normal spirometry. Pearson correlation analysis showed a significant inverse relationship between UACR and PaO2, FEV1%, FVC%. On the other hand, there was a positive relationship between UACR and BODE index. There was a significant relationship between the presence of microalbuminuria with PaO2 and BODE index. In the linear regression model, there was a negative relationship between UARC and PaO2 yet there was a significantly positive relationship between UARC and MCIRS score, BODE index. In the logistic regression model, the presence of microalbuminuria showed significant associations with PaO2, BODE index.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Microalbuminuria may be seen in patients with COPD, depending on the severity of disease and hypoxemia. Microalbuminuria in patients with severe COPD should be examined in regular periods for risk of cardiovascular morbidity or mortality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Kirikkale, Faculty of Medicine, Kirikkale, Turkey. emelbulcun@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Emel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bulcun
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ekici
authors.forename: Aydanur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ekici
authors.forename: Ucler
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kisa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000150:complications* / Q000652:urine; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000150:complications / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010100:Oxygen; D010313:Partial Pressure; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000652:urine; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013147:Spirometry; D014797:Vital Capacity
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D003404:Creatinine; D010100:Oxygen