title: IL-10 dependent suppression of type 1, type 2 and type 17 cytokines in active pulmonary tuberculosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although Type 1 cytokine responses are considered protective in pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), their role as well as those of Type 2, 17 and immunoregulatory cytokines in tuberculous lymphadenitis (TBL) and latent tuberculosis (LTB) have not been well studied.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify cytokine responses associated with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), TB lymphadenitits and latent TB, we examined mycobacterial antigen-specific immune responses of PTB, TBL and LTB individuals. More specifically, we examined ESAT-6 and CFP-10 induced Type 1, Type 2 and Type 17 cytokine production and their regulation using multiplex ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PTB individuals exhibited a significantly lower baseline as well as antigen-specific production of Type 1 (IFNγ, TNFα and IL-2); Type 2 (IL-4) and Type 17 (IL-17A and IL-17F) cytokines in comparison to both TBL and LTB individuals. TBL individuals exhibited significantly lower antigen-specific IFNγ responses alone in comparison to LTB individuals. Although, IL-10 levels were not significantly higher, neutralization of IL-10 during antigen stimulation resulted in significantly enhanced production of IFNγ, IL-4 and IL-17A in PTB individuals, indicating that IL-10 mediates (at least partially) the suppression of cytokine responses in PTB.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pulmonary TB is characterized by an IL-10 dependent antigen-specific suppression of Type 1, Type 2 and Type 17 cytokines, reflecting an important association of these cytokines in the pathogenesis of active TB.
authors.affiliation: National Institutes of Health-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: Nathella Pavan
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Venugopal
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gopinath
authors.forename: Rathinam
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sridhar
authors.forename: Luke E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Hanna
authors.forename: Vaithilingam V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Banurekha
authors.forename: Mohideen S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Jawahar
authors.forename: Thomas B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Nutman
authors.forename: Subash
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Babu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D056747:Immunomodulation; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D016207:Cytokines; C508609:IL10 protein, human; D016753:Interleukin-10
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