title: Recreational physical activity ameliorates some of the negative impact of major depression on health-related quality of life.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Major depressive episodes have a negative effect on health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The objective of this study was to determine whether recreational physical activity can ameliorate some of this negative impact.
  
  
  METHODS
  The data source for the study was the Canadian National Population Health Survey (NPHS). The NPHS is a longitudinal study that has collected data from a representative cohort of 15,254 community residents. Sixteen years of follow-up data are available. The NPHS included: an instrument to assess MDE (the Composite International Diagnostic Interview Short Form for Major Depression), an inventory of recreational activities (each associated with hours of participation and estimated metabolic expenditures), and a HRQoL instrument (the Health Utility Index, Mark 3, or HUI3). Proportional hazard and linear regression models were used in this study to determine whether MDE-related declines in HRQoL were lessened by participation in an active recreational lifestyle.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Consistent with expectation, major depression was associated with a significant decline in HRQoL over time. While no statistical interactions were observed, the risk of diminished HRQoL in association with MDE was reduced by physical activity. In a proportional hazards model, the hazard ratio for transition to poor HRQoL was 0.7 (95% CI: 0.6-0.8, p < 0.0001). In linear regression models, physical activity was significantly associated with more positive HRQoL (β = 0.019, 95% CI 0.004 to -0.034, p = 0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recreational physical activity appears to ameliorate some of the decline in HRQoL seen in association with MDE. Physical activity may be an effective tertiary preventive strategy for this condition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary Calgary, AB, Canada ; Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary Calgary, AB, Canada ; Mathison Center for Research and Education in Mental Health, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary Calgary, AB, Canada.
authors.forename: Scott B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Patten
authors.forename: Jeanne V A
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Dina H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Lavorato
authors.forename: Andrew G M
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Bulloch
keywords: depressive disorders; epidemiologic studies; longitudinal studies; physical activity; quality of life; recreation
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