title: Effects of hemodiafiltration and high flux hemodialysis on nerve excitability in end-stage kidney disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Peripheral neuropathy is the most common neurological complication in end-stage kidney disease. While high flux hemodialysis (HFHD) and hemodiafiltration (HDF) have become the preferred options for extracorporeal dialysis therapy, the effects of these treatments on nerve excitability have not yet been examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  An observational proof-of-concept study of nerve excitability and neuropathy was undertaken in an incident dialysis population (n = 17) receiving either HFHD or HDF. Nerve excitability techniques were utilised to assess nerve ion channel function and membrane potential, in conjunction with clinical assessment and standard nerve conduction studies. A mathematical model of axonal excitability was used to investigate the underlying basis of the observed changes. Nerve excitability was recorded from the median nerve, before, during and after a single dialysis session and correlated with corresponding biochemical markers. Differences in nerve excitability were compared to normal controls with longitudinal follow-up over an 18 month period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nerve excitability was performed in patient cohorts treated with either HFHD (n = 9) or online HDF (n = 8), with similar neuropathy status. Nerve excitability measures in HDF-treated patients were significantly closer to normal values compared to HFHD patients obtained over the course of a dialysis session (p<0.05). Longitudinal studies revealed stability of nerve excitability findings, and thus maintenance of improved nerve function in the HDF group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study has provided evidence that nerve excitability in HDF-treated patients is significantly closer to normal values prior to dialysis, across a single dialysis session and at longitudinal follow-up. These findings offer promise for the management of neuropathy in ESKD and should be confirmed in randomised trials.
authors.affiliation: Translational Neuroscience Facility, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Ria
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Arnold
authors.forename: Bruce A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Pussell
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Pianta
authors.forename: Virginija
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Grinius
authors.forename: Cindy S-Y
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Matthew C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Kiernan
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Howells
authors.forename: Meg J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Jardine
authors.forename: Arun V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Krishnan
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001369:Axons; D005260:Female; D017583:Hemodiafiltration; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008564:Membrane Potentials; D008875:Middle Aged; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D010525:Peripheral Nerves / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010523:Peripheral Nervous System Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D006435:Renal Dialysis
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