title: Increased dissolution and oral absorption of itraconazole/Soluplus extrudate compared with itraconazole nanosuspension.
abstract: The purpose of this article was to compare the in vitro and in vivo profiles of itraconazole (ITZ) extrudates and nanosuspension separately prepared by two different methods. And it was proved truly to form nanocrystalline and amorphous ITZ characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The release of ITZ/Soluplus solid dispersions with amorphous ITZ was almost complete while only 40% release was obtained with ITZ nanocrystals. The amorphous state need not to cross over the crystal lattice energy upon dissolution while the crystalline need to overcome it. In the in vivo assay, the AUC(0-t) and C(max) of ITZ/Soluplus were 6.9- and 11.6-time higher than those of pure ITZ. The formulation of the extrudate had an AUC(0-t) and C(max) similar to those of ITZ and also OH-ITZ compared with the commercial capsule (Sporanox®). The relative bioavailability values with their 95% confidence limit were calculated to be 98.3% (92.5-104.1%) and 101.3% (97.9-104.1%), respectively. The results of this study showed increased dissolution and bioavailability of the solid dispersion of Soluplus-based carrier loading ITZ prepared by HME compared with the ITZ nanosuspension prepared by wet milling.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, China. Electronic address: zhangkeru89@126.com.
authors.forename: Keru
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Hongxia
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Shenshen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Xing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tang
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001682:Biological Availability; D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D003460:Crystallization; D004339:Drug Compounding / Q000379:methods*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D005079:Excipients / Q000737:chemistry; D017964:Itraconazole / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008297:Male; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D011145:Polyvinyls / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D005079:Excipients; D011145:Polyvinyls; C572167:polyvinyl caprolactam-polyvinyl acetate-polyethylene glycol graft copolymer; D017964:Itraconazole; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols
keywords: Amorphous state; Bioavailability; Dissolution; Hot melt extrude; Itraconazole; Nanocrystal; Wet milling