title: Fate of (14)C-organic pollutant residues in composted sludge after application to soil.
abstract: Organic micropollutants may be present in biosolids, leading to soil contamination when they are recycled in agriculture. A sludge spiked with (14)C-labelled glyphosate (GLY), sodium linear dodecylbenzene sulphonate (LAS), fluoranthene (FLT) or 4-n-nonylphenol (NP) was composted with green waste and the fate of the (14)C-micropollutant residues remaining after composting was assessed after the compost application to the soil. (14)C-residues were mineralised in the soil and represented after 140d 20-32% of the initial activity for LAS, 16-25% for GLY, 6-9% for FLT and 4-7% for NP. The (14)C-residues at the end of composting that could not be extracted with methanol or ammonia were minimally remobilised or even increased for FLT. After 140d, non-extractable residues represented 38-52% of all of the (14)C-residues remaining in the soil for FLT, 50-67% for GLY, 91-92% for NP and 94-97% for LAS and in most cases, less than 1% of the (14)C-residues were water soluble, suggesting a low direct availability for leaching and microbial or plant assimilation. FLT was identified as the main compound among the methanol-extractable (14)C-residues that may be potentially available. The fate of the (14)C-organic pollutant residues in composts after application to soil could be assessed through a sequential chemical extraction scheme and depended on the chemical nature of the pollutant.
authors.affiliation: AgroParisTech, UMR 1091 Environment and Arable Crops, F-78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France. haudin@agroparistech.fr
authors.forename: Claire-Sophie
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Haudin
authors.forename: Yuhai
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dumény
authors.forename: Gwenaëlle
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lashermes
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bergheaud
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Barriuso
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Houot
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D001557:Benzenesulfonates / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005449:Fluorenes / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005998:Glycine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010636:Phenols / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012722:Sewage / Q000032:analysis*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D000097797:Glyphosate
chemical_list: D001557:Benzenesulfonates; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D005449:Fluorenes; D005998:Glycine; D010636:Phenols; D012722:Sewage; D012987:Soil; D000097797:Glyphosate; C007738:fluoranthene; C001114:dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid; C041594:4-nonylphenol
keywords: Fluoranthene; Glyphosate; Linear alkylbenzene sulphonate (LAS); Nonylphenol (NP); Sludge compost; Soil