title: Dietary and plasma magnesium and risk of coronary heart disease among women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Magnesium is associated with lower risk of sudden cardiac death, possibly through antiarrhythmic mechanisms. Magnesium influences endothelial function, inflammation, blood pressure, and diabetes, but a direct relation with coronary heart disease (CHD) risk has not been established.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We prospectively examined the association between dietary and plasma magnesium and risk of CHD among women in the Nurses' Health Study. The association for magnesium intake was examined among 86 323 women free of disease in 1980. Information on magnesium intake and lifestyle factors was ascertained every 2 to 4 years through questionnaires. Through 2008, 3614 cases of CHD (2511 nonfatal/1103 fatal) were documented. For plasma magnesium, we conducted a nested case-control analysis, with 458 cases of incident CHD (400 nonfatal/58 fatal) matched to controls (1:1) on age, smoking, fasting status, and date of blood sampling. Higher magnesium intake was not associated with lower risk of total CHD (P-linear trend=0.12) or nonfatal CHD (P-linear trend=0.88) in multivariable models. However, magnesium intake was inversely associated with risk of fatal CHD. The RR comparing quintile 5 to quintile 1 of magnesium intake was 0.61 (95% CI, 0.45 to 0.84; P-linear trend=0.003). The association between magnesium intake and risk of fatal CHD appeared to be mediated partially by hypertension. Plasma magnesium levels above 2.0 mg/dL were associated with lower risk of CHD, although not independent of other cardiovascular biomarkers (RR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.44 to 1.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dietary and plasma magnesium were not associated with total CHD incidence in this population of women. Dietary magnesium intake was inversely associated with fatal CHD, which may be mediated in part by hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Center for Arrhythmia Prevention, Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA. schiuve@hsph.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Stephanie E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Chiuve
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Gary C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Curhan
authors.forename: Eric N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Donna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Spiegelman
authors.forename: Walter C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Willett
authors.forename: Joann E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Manson
authors.forename: Kathryn M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Rexrode
authors.forename: Christine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Albert
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D015994:Incidence; D008274:Magnesium / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D008274:Magnesium
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