title: Sirtuin-1 and HIV-1: an overview.
abstract: Sirtuins are a family of NAD+-dependent protein deacetylases, which regulate cell survival and energy metabolism, inflammation and cancer. Recent studies have shown that sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) modulates Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-1 transcription. The HIV-1 Tat protein is a substrate for the deacetylase activity of SIRT1; SIRT1 recycles Tat to its unacetylated form, catalyzing a fundamental step to start new cycles of viral transcription. Moreover, Tat has been reported to promote T-cell hyperactivation by suppressing SIRT1 activity. In fact, Tat blocks the ability of SIRT1 to deacetylate lysine 310 in the p65 subunit of nuclear factor- κB (NF- κB) by interacting with the deacetylase domain of SIRT1. This mechanism leads therefore to the hyperactivation of NF- κB proinflammatory pathway and may likely contribute to the chronic immune activation state of HIV-infected individuals. In the present review we first briefly describe the biological functions of sirtuins, then we delineate the interplay between SIRT1 and HIV-1 and discuss the potential role of SIRT1 as a pharmacological target of HIV-1 replication.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Catania, Via Palermo 636, Zip 95125, ARNAS Garibaldi Nesima, Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: Marilia Rita
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Pinzone
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cacopardo
authors.forename: Fabrizio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Condorelli
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Di Rosa
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nunnari
mesh_terms: D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D056564:Sirtuin 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D056564:Sirtuin 1