title: Plasma and hepatic cholesterol-lowering effects of tomato pomace, tomato seed oil and defatted tomato seed in hamsters fed with high-fat diets.
abstract: The cholesterol-lowering effects of tomato pomace (TP), tomato seed oil (TSO) and defatted tomato seed (DTS) were determined in male Golden Syrian hamsters. Hamsters fed high-fat diets containing 10% TSO or 18% DTS were compared to a diet containing 10% corn oil and 10% microcrystalline cellulose (control 1), 42% TP were compared to 25% microcrystalline cellulose (control 2). TP, TSO and DTS reduced hepatic total cholesterol (TC) content. DTS also lowered plasma TC and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations. Fecal excretion of lipid, bile acid and cholesterol increased in the DTS group compared to control 1. DTS-fed hamsters had higher levels of hepatic CYP7A1, CYP51, ABCB11, and ABCG5 gene expression than control, suggesting both hepatic bile acid and cholesterol synthesis increased due to increased fecal excretion of bile acid and cholesterol. The results suggest that protein, dietary fibre or phenolic compounds in DTS may be responsible for plasma cholesterol decrease.
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
authors.forename: Dongyan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.forename: Glenn E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Bartley
authors.forename: Wallace
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.forename: Zhongli
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Huijuan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ang
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D002790:Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006224:Cricetinae; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008647:Mesocricetus; D009765:Obesity / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000378:metabolism*; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010938:Plant Oils; D002784:Cholesterol; D002790:Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase