title: Studies on the arginase, 5'-nucleotidase and lysozyme activity by monocytes from visceral leishmaniasis patients.
abstract: Intracellular pathogenic protozoan infection like visceral leishmaniasis is considered in terms of the overall inflammatory response and the complex cellular interactions leading to formation of the activated macrophage. Analysis of the development of activation is facilitated when operationally defined stage of activation are characterized using a library of objective markers. There is a role of arginase in the immune response supporting its involvement in macrophage effector mechanism in vitro and in vivo. 5'-Nucleotidase a plasma membrane component has been cited as a biochemical correlate of macrophage function in an altered morphological and biochemical state of activation and stimulation. Depression in 5'-nucleotidase activity has been generally referred to as a characteristic marker of activated macrophages. Lysozyme or lysosomal enzymes are released into the endocytic or autophagic vacuole macrophage where they serve the purpose of intracellular digestion of engulfed or segregated materials. In the present study, we have studied levels of arginase and 5'-nucleotidase (marker for macrophage activation) in monocytes of active VL patients and healthy controls. Lysozyme a secretary product of macrophages was also measured in supernatants collected from monocytes of active VL patients and healthy controls. Elevated levels of 5'-nucleotidase were observed in supernatants of monocytes from active VL patients as compared to healthy controls. Low levels of arginase and lysozyme production by monocytes isolated from VL patients were observed as compared to healthy controls. Our studies suggest that low levels of arginase and elevated 5'-nucleotidase activity could be one of the mechanisms in the pathology of VL infection. Low lysozyme activity in patients may account for persistence of Leishmania parasites in VL infections.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Communicable Disease, Patna Branch, 16-Kitab Bhawan Lane, North S.K. Puri, Patna, 800013 India.
authors.forename: Pramod
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Ramesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Haushila
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.forename: Shyam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sundar
authors.forename: Kalpana
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pai
keywords: 5′-Nucleotidase; Arginase; Lysozyme activity; Visceral leishmaniasis
references.citation: Immunol Today. 1985 Apr;6(4):136-40
references.pmid: 25289501
references.citation: Mol Cell Biochem. 2011 Jun;352(1-2):261-70
references.pmid: 21359528
references.citation: J Exp Med. 1976 Dec 1;144(6):1581-95
references.pmid: 1003105
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 1972 Apr 25;247(8):2439-46
references.pmid: 5019957
references.citation: Bull World Health Organ. 1983;61(1):113-6
references.pmid: 6601534
references.citation: Med Clin North Am. 1973 Mar;57(2):395-407
references.pmid: 4570934
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Jun 1;89(11):4991-5
references.pmid: 1594604
references.citation: J Clin Invest. 1990 Jan;85(1):264-73
references.pmid: 2404026
references.citation: Infect Immun. 1981 Jun;32(3):1206-10
references.pmid: 6265374
references.citation: Clin Exp Immunol. 2001 May;124(2):262-5
references.pmid: 11422203
references.citation: Science. 1987 Jan 23;235(4787):473-6
references.pmid: 2432665
references.citation: J Exp Med. 1977 Sep 1;146(3):665-72
references.pmid: 19551
references.citation: Anal Biochem. 1968 May;23(2):219-29
references.pmid: 5657793
references.citation: J Exp Med. 1976 Dec 1;144(6):1596-608
references.pmid: 1003106
references.citation: Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1983 May;32(3):475-9
references.pmid: 6859397
references.citation: J Exp Med. 1974 May 1;139(5):1228-48
references.pmid: 4825244
references.citation: Immunol Rev. 1978;40:3-27
references.pmid: 223970
references.citation: J Immunol. 1978 Sep;121(3):809-13
references.pmid: 357654
references.citation: Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1975 Jun 13;256:222-32
references.pmid: 169720
references.citation: Biochemistry. 1967 Feb;6(2):411-7
references.pmid: 6047627
references.citation: Scand J Clin Lab Invest Suppl. 1968;97:77-89
references.pmid: 4179068
references.citation: Curr Opin Immunol. 1992 Aug;4(4):413-8
references.pmid: 1356346
references.citation: Annu Rev Immunol. 1984;2:283-318
references.pmid: 6100475
references.citation: J Cell Biol. 1970 Dec;47(3):604-18
references.pmid: 5497542
references.citation: Rev Infect Dis. 1983 Sep-Oct;5(5):907-927
references.pmid: 6356272
references.citation: Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol. 1976;51(5):594-607
references.pmid: 786904
references.citation: J Med Microbiol. 2002 Oct;51(10):832-836
references.pmid: 12435061