title: Mixed lymphocyte reaction blocking factors (MLR-Bf) as potential biomarker for indication and efficacy of paternal lymphocyte immunization in recurrent spontaneous abortion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The majority of cases of unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) remains unclear and is found to be associated with alloimmune antibodies termed as mixed lymphocyte reaction blocking factor (MLR-Bf). The decreased production of MLR-Bf may play major role in the immunologic failure of pregnancy and can lead to abortion. The present study was aimed at evaluating MLR-Bf as potential biomarker of indication and the efficacy of immunotherapy with paternal lymphocytes (LIT) in women with RSA.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 97 women with history of unexplained RSA were recruited for this prospective study. These women showed negative for MLR-Bf and registered for lymphocyte immunotherapy with husband cells. Women with autoimmune pathology or anti-phospholipid syndrome were excluded. All individuals gave their consent to participate in the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We have analyzed MLR proliferative response and MLR-Bf in nonpregnant women with history of RSA before and after LIT. Following LIT, the initially low MLR proliferative response was restored at 76.6 % of women, and MLR-Bf activity in blood serum could be detected in 74 % of women. The rate of successful pregnancy was shown to be significantly higher in women positive for MLR-Bf (50/72) as compared with the MLR-Bf negative women (7/25; χ (2) = 0.0003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data obtained demonstrate that LIT with the paternal lymphocytes in MLR-Bf negative women is accompanied by increased proliferative cell response to the paternal alloantigens and by enhanced production of soluble suppressor activity factors (MLR-Bf) that is associated with improved pregnancy outcome in women with history of RSA.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Clinical Immunology, Siberian Brunch, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Yadritsevskaya str., 14, Novosibirsk, 630112, Russia, nkhonina@mail.ru.
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Khonina
authors.forename: E V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Broitman
authors.forename: E Y
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Shevela
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Pasman
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Chernykh
mesh_terms: D000026:Abortion, Habitual / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000328:Adult; D019138:Antibodies, Blocking / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D007519:Isoantigens / Q000097:blood; D007959:Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed; D017710:Lymphocyte Transfusion; D011247:Pregnancy; D018873:Pregnancy Rate; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D019138:Antibodies, Blocking; D015415:Biomarkers; D007519:Isoantigens