title: 3T renal (23)Na-MRI: effects of desmopressin in patients with central diabetes insipidus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this prospective study was to assess physiologic changes in the renal corticomedullary (23)Na-concentration ([(23)Na]) gradient with (23)Na-MRI at 3.0T in patients with central diabetes insipidus (CDI) before and after intranasal administration of 20 μg desmopressin (DDAVP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Four patients with CDI (all male, mean age 60.2 years) were included in this IRB-approved study. For (23)Na-imaging, a 3D density adapted, radial GRE-sequence (TE = 0.55 ms; TR = 120 ms; projections = 8,000; spatial resolution = 5 × 5 × 5 mm(3)) was used in combination with a dedicated (23)Na-coil and reference phantoms. The corticomedullary [(23)Na] gradient (in mmol/L/mm) was calculated pixel-by-pixel along a linear region-of-interest (ROI) spanning from the renal cortex in the direction of the medulla. Mean ± SDs of [(23)Na] were calculated for each patient as well as for the entire group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean [(23)Na] increased along the corticomedullary gradient from the cortex (pre-DDAVP 38.0 ± 6.3 mmol/L vs. post-DDAVP 30.7 ± 3.5 mmol/L) to the medulla (pre-DDAVP 71.6 ± 14.8 mmol/L vs. post-DDAVP 59.7 ± 10.8 mmol/L). The overall mean decrease of [(23)Na] after DDAVP administration was 17.1 ± 1.1 %.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  (23)Na-MRI with state-of-the-art techniques at 3T depicts the physiologic renal response to the administration of desmopressin in patients with central diabetes insipidus.
authors.affiliation: Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Institute of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany, stefan.haneder@umm.de.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Haneder
authors.forename: Henrik J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Michaely
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Konstandin
authors.forename: Lothar R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Schad
authors.forename: John N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Morelli
authors.forename: Bernhard K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Krämer
authors.forename: Stefan O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Schoenberg
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lammert
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000368:Aged; D050034:Antidiuretic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D003894:Deamino Arginine Vasopressin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003919:Diabetes Insipidus / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012964:Sodium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D050034:Antidiuretic Agents; D012964:Sodium; D003894:Deamino Arginine Vasopressin
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