title: Biological activities of ethanolic extracts from deep-sea Antarctic marine sponges.
abstract: We report on the screening of ethanolic extracts from 33 deep-sea Antarctic marine sponges for different biological activities. We monitored hemolysis, inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, cytotoxicity towards normal and transformed cells and growth inhibition of laboratory, commensal and clinically and ecologically relevant bacteria. The most prominent activities were associated with the extracts from sponges belonging to the genus Latrunculia, which show all of these activities. While most of these activities are associated to already known secondary metabolites, the extremely strong acetylcholinesterase inhibitory potential appears to be related to a compound unknown to date. Extracts from Tetilla leptoderma, Bathydorus cf. spinosus, Xestospongia sp., Rossella sp., Rossella cf. racovitzae and Halichondria osculum were hemolytic, with the last two also showing moderate cytotoxic potential. The antibacterial tests showed significantly greater activities of the extracts of these Antarctic sponges towards ecologically relevant bacteria from sea water and from Arctic ice. This indicates their ecological relevance for inhibition of bacterial microfouling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. tom.turk@bf.uni-lj.si
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Turk
authors.forename: Jerneja
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ambrožič Avguštin
authors.forename: Urška
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Batista
authors.forename: Gašper
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Strugar
authors.forename: Rok
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kosmina
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Čivović
authors.forename: Dorte
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Janussen
authors.forename: Silke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kauferstein
authors.forename: Dietrich
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mebs
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sepčić
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000864:Antarctic Regions; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D002417:Cattle; D002460:Cell Line; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry; D006461:Hemolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D011161:Porifera / Q000737:chemistry*; D014020:Tissue Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D014020:Tissue Extracts; D000431:Ethanol; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase
references.citation: J Nat Prod. 2010 Mar 26;73(3):383-7
references.pmid: 20337497
references.citation: Environ Sci Technol. 2005 Jun 1;39(11):3889-95
references.pmid: 15984761
references.citation: Nat Prod Rep. 2007 Aug;24(4):774-97
references.pmid: 17653359
references.citation: J Med Chem. 1995 Jan 20;38(2):338-43
references.pmid: 7830276
references.citation: Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2009 Jan;10(1):86-105
references.pmid: 19149592
references.citation: Biochem Pharmacol. 1961 Jul;7:88-95
references.pmid: 13726518
references.citation: J Med Chem. 1991 Nov;34(11):3339-40
references.pmid: 1956053
references.citation: J Nat Prod. 2000 Nov;63(11):1527-8
references.pmid: 11087598
references.citation: Mar Drugs. 2011;9(11):2423-37
references.pmid: 22163194
references.citation: Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2009 Jan;8(1):69-85
references.pmid: 19096380
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2000 Sep 8;275(36):28120-7
references.pmid: 10859320
references.citation: Curr Med Chem. 2000 Mar;7(3):273-94
references.pmid: 10637365
references.citation: Cell Mol Life Sci. 2002 Dec;59(12):2210-5
references.pmid: 12568347
references.citation: Nat Prod Res. 2007 Sep;21(11):953-8
references.pmid: 17691043
references.citation: Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2010 Jun;31(6):255-65
references.pmid: 20363514
references.citation: Integr Comp Biol. 2005 Apr;45(2):359-68
references.pmid: 21676781
references.citation: Mar Drugs. 2010 Apr 28;8(5):1550-66
references.pmid: 20559488
references.citation: Nat Prod Rep. 2005 Feb;22(1):62-72
references.pmid: 15692617
references.citation: J Nat Prod. 1996 Mar;59(3):293-6
references.pmid: 8882433
references.citation: Mar Drugs. 2011;9(4):514-25
references.pmid: 21731546
references.citation: Mar Drugs. 2010 Mar 05;8(3):483-97
references.pmid: 20411111