title: Effects of photoaging information and UV photo on sun protection intentions and behaviours: a cross-regional comparison.
abstract: There is limited empirical evidence regarding differences in sun protection practices in different regions of the USA. This study examined whether there are regional differences in the efficacy of exposure to UV photographs and photoaging information (e.g. wrinkles and age spots) for increasing sun protection behaviours. Students attending a public university in either the Midwestern (Iowa) or Southwestern (Southern California) US reported baseline sun exposure and protection practices and were then randomly assigned to either receive information about photoaging, have a UV photo taken, both receive photoaging information and have a UV photo taken, or to receive neither intervention. Sun protection intentions were assessed immediately after the interventions, and both self-reported sun protection behaviours and an objective assessment (via spectrophotometry) of skin colour change were measured at the end of summer and one year following the interventions. The results showed a pervasive pattern of more risky UV exposure and less sun protection use at the Iowa site than at the Southern California site both prior to and following the interventions. Both interventions increased future sun protection intentions regardless of region. However, the intervention effects on skin colour and UV exposure differed across region, with generally more reliable effects at the Iowa site.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychology , California State University , San Marcos , CA , USA .
authors.forename: Heike I M
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Mahler
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kulik
authors.forename: Meg
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gerrard
authors.forename: Frederick X
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Gibbons
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002140:California; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015438:Health Behavior; D006266:Health Education; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D033182:Intention; D007484:Iowa; D008297:Male; D010781:Photography; D015397:Program Evaluation; D011481:Protective Clothing / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000528:radiation effects*; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control; D013473:Sunscreening Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D013473:Sunscreening Agents