title: Melatonin and pancreatic islets: interrelationships between melatonin, insulin and glucagon.
abstract: The pineal hormone melatonin exerts its influence in the periphery through activation of two specific trans-membrane receptors: MT1 and MT2. Both isoforms are expressed in the islet of Langerhans and are involved in the modulation of insulin secretion from β-cells and in glucagon secretion from α-cells. De-synchrony of receptor signaling may lead to the development of type 2 diabetes. This notion has recently been supported by genome-wide association studies identifying particularly the MT2 as a risk factor for this rapidly spreading metabolic disturbance. Since melatonin is secreted in a clearly diurnal fashion, it is safe to assume that it also has a diurnal impact on the blood-glucose-regulating function of the islet. This factor has hitherto been underestimated; the disruption of diurnal signaling within the islet may be one of the most important mechanisms leading to metabolic disturbances. The study of melatonin-insulin interactions in diabetic rat models has revealed an inverse relationship: an increase in melatonin levels leads to a down-regulation of insulin secretion and vice versa. Elucidation of the possible inverse interrelationship in man may open new avenues in the therapy of diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Saxon Academy of Sciences, Leipzig 04107, Germany. elmar.peschke@medizin.uni-halle.de.
authors.forename: Elmar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Peschke
authors.forename: Ina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bähr
authors.forename: Eckhard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mühlbauer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000378:metabolism; D005934:Glucagon / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000378:metabolism*; D008550:Melatonin / Q000378:metabolism*; D044094:Receptors, Melatonin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D044094:Receptors, Melatonin; D005934:Glucagon; D008550:Melatonin
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