title: Changes in family socio-economic status as predictors of self-efficacy in 13-year-old Polish adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to determine the impact that raised mother's education and a relative change in family affluence might have on adolescent general self-efficacy (GSE).
  
  
  METHODS
  Data on 600 children born in Poland in January 1995 and their families were used. Data from early childhood and adolescence (2008) were considered and the change between these two periods was determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Family affluence increased in 37.3 % of families with mothers, who had raised their education level (12.6 % of the sample), in comparison to 26.8 % in the group with no change, p < 0.001. The average GSE scores in those groups were 73.4 and 68.1, respectively, p < 0.001. In the best linear regression model adjusted for gender, the independent predictors of GSE turned out to be mother's education change and the family's current affluence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Raised mother's education level may encourage building up developmental assets in older children. Based on the structural model, where self-efficacy is the mediator of the relationship between socio-economic status change and the quality of life (KIDSCREEN-10) these results may be of importance in further research.
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland, jmazur2006@gazeta.pl.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mazur
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Malkowska-Szkutnik
authors.forename: Izabela
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tabak
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011044:Poland; D011446:Prospective Studies; D000297:Psychology, Adolescent; D011788:Quality of Life; D020377:Self Efficacy; D012923:Social Class; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
references.citation: J Epidemiol Community Health. 2003 Oct;57(10):778-83
references.pmid: 14573579
references.citation: Int J Public Health. 2013 Apr;58(2):171-6
references.pmid: 22735992
references.citation: Psychol Health. 2011 Feb;26(2):151-66
references.pmid: 21318927
references.citation: J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2005 Mar;60(2):S93-S101
references.pmid: 15746030
references.citation: Ir Med J. 2007 Sep;100(8):suppl 37-9
references.pmid: 17955700
references.citation: J Psychol. 2005 Sep;139(5):439-57
references.pmid: 16285214
references.citation: Int J Nurs Pract. 2003 Jun;9(3):166-75
references.pmid: 12801248
references.citation: Child Care Health Dev. 2004 Nov;30(6):671-8
references.pmid: 15527477
references.citation: Acta Paediatr. 2002;91(12):1301-6
references.pmid: 12578285
references.citation: Health Educ Res. 2012 Feb;27(1):14-23
references.pmid: 21712502
references.citation: Int J Public Health. 2009 Sep;54 Suppl 2:260-70
references.pmid: 19639254
references.citation: Am J Epidemiol. 2004 Jul 1;160(1):34-45
references.pmid: 15229115
references.citation: Przegl Epidemiol. 2010;64(4):565-70
references.pmid: 21473075
references.citation: Dev Psychol. 2013 Jul;49(7):1219-31
references.pmid: 22866830
references.citation: Soc Sci Med. 2002 Dec;55(11):2005-16
references.pmid: 12406467
references.citation: Promot Educ. 2007;Suppl 2:17-22
references.pmid: 17685075
references.citation: J Pers Soc Psychol. 1986 Dec;51(6):1173-82
references.pmid: 3806354
references.citation: Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2010 Feb;1186:37-55
references.pmid: 20201867
references.citation: BMJ. 1997 Apr 12;314(7087):1122-5
references.pmid: 9133901
references.citation: J Pers Soc Psychol. 1999 Feb;76(2):258-69
references.pmid: 10074708
references.citation: Qual Life Res. 2010 Dec;19(10):1487-500
references.pmid: 20668950
references.citation: Soc Sci Med. 2008 Mar;66(6):1429-36
references.pmid: 18179852
references.citation: J Epidemiol Community Health. 2008 Dec;62(12):1092-4
references.pmid: 18413436
references.citation: Soc Sci Med. 1997 Mar;44(6):821-31
references.pmid: 9080565
references.citation: Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2009 Sep 23;7:85
references.pmid: 19772673