title: Effect of magnesium supplementation on carotid intima-media thickness and flow-mediated dilatation among hemodialysis patients: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to determine the efficacy of oral magnesium (Mg) supplementation on endothelial function through evaluation of carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), and C-reactive protein (CRP) among hemodialysis (HD) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This randomized, controlled, double-blind clinical trial consisted of 54 patients on HD. One group was treated orally with 440 mg of Mg oxide 3 times per week for 6 months (n = 29). The control group (n = 25) was given placebo using the same administration protocol. cIMT, FMD, serum calcium levels, phosphorus, lipid, CRP, and bicarbonate were measured at baseline and at 6 months in both groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 6 months, cIMT was significantly decreased in the Mg group (0.84 ± 0.13 mm at baseline and 0.76 ± 0.13 mm at 6 months, p = 0.001). However, in the placebo group, cIMT was significantly increased (0.73 ± 0.13 and 0.79 ± 0.12 mm, respectively, p = 0.003). When hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, hyperlipidemia, and systemic lupus erythematosus were controlled for in the analysis, the effect of Mg remained significant in both groups (p = 0.000).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that Mg might not improve endothelial function (CRP level and FMD) and that a decreased cIMT as a marker of atherosclerosis may be due to the inhibition of calcification through the regulation parathormone, calcium, and phosphorus.
authors.affiliation: Isfahan Kidney Disease Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Mojgan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mortazavi
authors.forename: Firouzeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Moeinzadeh
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saadatnia
authors.forename: Shahrzad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shahidi
authors.forename: Jeanie C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: McGee
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Minagar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D004106:Dilatation / Q000379:methods*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000628:therapy; D008274:Magnesium / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012044:Regression Analysis; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D008274:Magnesium