title: Trends in intakes and sources of solid fats and added sugars among U.S. children and adolescents: 1994-2010.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There are increasing global concerns about improving the dietary intakes of children and adolescents. In the United States (U.S.), the focus is on reducing energy from foods and beverages that provide empty calories from solid fats and added sugars (SoFAS).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We examine trends in intakes and sources of solid fat and added sugars among U.S. 2-18 year olds from 1994 to 2010.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from five nationally representative surveys, the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals Surveys (1994-1996) and the What We Eat In America, National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (2003-2004, 2005-2006, 2007-2008 and 2009-2010) were used to examine key food sources and energy from solid fats and added sugars. Sample sizes ranged from 2594 to 8259 per survey period, for a total of 17 268 observations across the five surveys. Food files were linked over time to create comparable food groups and nutrient values. Differences were examined by age, race/ethnicity and family income.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Daily intake of energy from SoFAS among U.S. 2-18 year olds decreased from 1994 to 2010, with declines primarily detected in the recent time periods. Solid fats accounted for a greater proportion of total energy intake than did added sugars.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the consumption of solid fats and added sugars among children and adolescents in the U.S. decreased between 1994-1998 and 2009-2010, mean intakes continue to exceed recommended limits.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. slining@unc.edu
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Slining
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Popkin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004435:Eating; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009749:Nutrition Surveys / Q000639:trends*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats
keywords: Adolescent; United States; child; dietary intake
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