title: Human single-stranded DNA binding proteins are essential for maintaining genomic stability.
abstract: The double-stranded conformation of cellular DNA is a central aspect of DNA stabilisation and protection. The helix preserves the genetic code against chemical and enzymatic degradation, metabolic activation, and formation of secondary structures. However, there are various instances where single-stranded DNA is exposed, such as during replication or transcription, in the synthesis of chromosome ends, and following DNA damage. In these instances, single-stranded DNA binding proteins are essential for the sequestration and processing of single-stranded DNA. In order to bind single-stranded DNA, these proteins utilise a characteristic and evolutionary conserved single-stranded DNA-binding domain, the oligonucleotide/oligosaccharide-binding (OB)-fold. In the current review we discuss a subset of these proteins involved in the direct maintenance of genomic stability, an important cellular process in the conservation of cellular viability and prevention of malignant transformation. We discuss the central roles of single-stranded DNA binding proteins from the OB-fold domain family in DNA replication, the restart of stalled replication forks, DNA damage repair, cell cycle-checkpoint activation, and telomere maintenance.
authors.affiliation: Genome Stability Laboratory, Cancer and Ageing Research Program, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Queensland, 4102, Australia.
authors.forename: Nicholas W
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Ashton
authors.forename: Emma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bolderson
authors.forename: Liza
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cubeddu
authors.forename: Kenneth J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: O'Byrne
authors.forename: Derek J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Richard
mesh_terms: D002453:Cell Cycle; D004260:DNA Repair; D004261:DNA Replication; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D042822:Genomic Instability; D006801:Humans; D009841:Oligonucleotides / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009841:Oligonucleotides
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