title: The association of psychosocial factors and obstetric history with depression in pregnant women: focus on the role of emotional support.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Depression during pregnancy can negatively affect both maternal and fetal health. The benefits of early detection and treatment for antenatal depression have been emphasized. Therefore, we investigated risk factors for antenatal depression with a focus on emotional support.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a cross-sectional study of pregnant women (n=1262) enrolled from the local division of a community mental health center. All subjects completed self-report questionnaires that assessed depressive mood, emotional support and other risk factors. Associations between antenatal depression and potential risk factors including emotional support were analyzed by logistic regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Antenatal depression was associated with various biopsychosocial correlates: unmarried state, low education, cigarette smoking, low income, familial history of depression, past history of depression, physical abuse history, sexual abuse history, premenstrual syndrome, primiparity and unplanned pregnancy. When the associations of emotional support with antenatal depression were specified by its resources, current emotional support from partner [odds ratio (OR)=2.26, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.94-2.64] and mother (OR=1.43, 95% CI=1.26-1.62) and past experience for emotional support from mother (OR=1.52, 95% CI=1.32-1.74), but not from father significantly influenced depression during pregnancy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The multidimensional biopsychosocial approach would be needed to identify and assess antenatal depression. Promoting emotional support from the partner, family member and, possibly, the health provider could be a protective effect against the development of antenatal depression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Ghang
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Jeung-Suk
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Moon-Soo
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Seung-Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: In-Kwa
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Sook-Haeng
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Joe
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003155:Community Mental Health Centers; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016015:Logistic Models; D017533:Marital Status / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010298:Parity; D011203:Poverty / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D049168:Pregnancy, Unplanned / Q000523:psychology; D011293:Premenstrual Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D012944:Social Support; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult