title: Total testosterone levels, metabolic parameters, cardiac remodeling and exercise capacity in coronary artery disease patients with different stages of glucose tolerance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The correlation between total testosterone levels, exercise capacity, and metabolic and echocardiographic parameters was studied in 1097 male subjects with coronary artery disease (CAD) and different stages of glucose tolerance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Testosterone level was the lowest among diabetics as compared to prediabetics or controls (P < 0.001). Total and abdominal adiposity were the highest in the subjects with the lowest testosterone. Independent of adiposity, fasting glucose, insulin, and leptin were higher (P < 0.03 to < 0.001) among diabetic and control groups in the lowest, and HbA1c values (P < 0.001) higher among diabetics in the lowest, than in the highest testosterone tertile. Controls and prediabetic subjects with the lowest testosterone levels had the lowest HDL-cholesterol levels, and controls also the highest triglycerides. An association between low testosterone level and low maximal exercise capacity was observed in diabetics (P < 0.001) and controls (P < 0.03). Independent of adiposity and metabolic parameters, low testosterone levels were associated with the highest septal wall thickness (P < 0.03) among diabetics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A negative correlation between low testosterone and dysmetabolic features was observed. Independent of metabolic status, low plasma testosterone seems to be an indicator of impaired maximal exercise capacity and cardiac hypertrophy among CAD patients with type II diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu and Clinical Research Center of Oulu University Hospital, Finland. olavi.ukkola@oulu.fi
authors.forename: Olavi
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ukkola
authors.forename: Tuomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Huttunen
authors.forename: Veli-Pekka
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Puurunen
authors.forename: Olli-Pekka
authors.initials: OP
authors.lastname: Piira
authors.forename: Jarkko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Niva
authors.forename: Samuli
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lepojärvi
authors.forename: Mikko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tulppo
authors.forename: Heikki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huikuri
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D015992:Body Mass Index; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D017079:Exercise Tolerance / Q000502:physiology*; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006346:Heart Septum / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D006984:Hypertrophy; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007328:Insulin; D020738:Leptin; D013739:Testosterone; D014280:Triglycerides; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human