title: Preclinical evaluation of NETA-based bifunctional ligand for radioimmunotherapy applications using 212Bi and 213Bi: radiolabeling, serum stability, and biodistribution and tumor uptake studies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite the great potential of targeted α-radioimmunotherapy (RIT) as demonstrated by pre-clinical and clinical trials, limited progress has been made on the improvement of chelation chemistry for (212)Bi and (213)Bi. A new bifunctional ligand 3p-C-NETA was evaluated for targeted α RIT using (212)Bi and (213)Bi.
  
  
  METHODS
  Radiolabeling of 3p-C-NETA with (205/6)Bi, a surrogate of (212)Bi and (213)Bi, was evaluated at pH5.5 and room temperature. In vitro stability of the (205/6)Bi-3p-C-NETA-trastuzumab conjugate was evaluated using human serum (pH7, 37 °C). Immunoreactivity and specific activity of the (205/6)Bi-3p-C-NETA-trastuzumab conjugate were measured. An in vivo biodistribution study was performed to evaluate the in vivo stability and tumor targeting properties of the (205/6)Bi-3p-C-NETA-trastuzumab conjugate in athymic mice bearing subcutaneous LS174T tumor xenografts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 3p-C-NETA-trastuzumab conjugate was extremely rapid in complexing with (205/6)Bi, and the corresponding (205/6)Bi-3p-C-NETA-trastuzumab was stable in human serum. (205/6)Bi-3p-C-NETA-trastuzumab was prepared with a high specific activity and retained immunoreactivity. (205/6)Bi-3p-C-NETA-trastuzumab conjugate displayed excellent in vivo stability and targeting as evidenced by low normal organ and high tumor uptake.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that 3p-C-NETA is a promising chelator for RIT applications using (212)Bi and (213)Bi. Further detailed in vivo evaluations of 3p-C-NETA for targeted α RIT are warranted.
authors.affiliation: Chemistry Division, Biological and Chemical Sciences Department, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA.
authors.forename: Chi Soo
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Hyun A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Diane E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Milenic
authors.forename: Kwamena E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Baidoo
authors.forename: Martin W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Brechbiel
authors.forename: Hyun-Soon
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Chong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001692:Biological Transport; D001729:Bismuth / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004355:Drug Stability; D005260:Female; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007553:Isotope Labeling; D008024:Ligands; D051379:Mice; D016499:Radioimmunotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D011868:Radioisotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D000068878:Trastuzumab
chemical_list: C529856:(2-(4,7-biscarboxymethyl(1,4,7)triazacyclonona-1-yl-ethyl)carbonylmethylamino)acetic acid; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds; D008024:Ligands; D011868:Radioisotopes; D000068878:Trastuzumab; D001729:Bismuth
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