title: Prepulse inhibition in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders.
abstract: Sensorimotor inhibition, or the ability to filter out excessive or irrelevant information, theoretically supports a variety of higher-level cognitive functions. Impaired inhibition may be associated with increased impulsive and risky behavior in everyday life. Individuals infected with HIV frequently show impairment on tests of neurocognitive function, but sensorimotor inhibition in this population has not been studied and may be a contributor to the profile of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Thirty-seven HIV-infected individuals (15 with HAND) and 48 non-infected comparison subjects were assessed for prepulse inhibition (PPI), an eyeblink startle paradigm measuring sensorimotor gating. Although HIV status alone was not associated with PPI deficits, HIV-positive participants meeting criteria for HAND showed impaired PPI compared to cognitively intact HIV-positive subjects. In HIV-positive subjects, PPI was correlated with working memory but was not associated with antiretroviral therapy or illness factors. In conclusion, sensorimotor disinhibition in HIV accompanies deficits in higher-order cognitive functions, although the causal direction of this relationship requires investigation. Subsequent research on the role of sensorimotor gating on decision-making and risk behaviors in HIV may be indicated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92103-8620, USA. aminassian@ucsd.edu
authors.forename: Arpi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Minassian
authors.forename: Brook L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Henry
authors.forename: Steven Paul
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Woods
authors.forename: Florin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vaida
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Grant
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Geyer
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Perry
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000328:Adult; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D013216:Reflex, Startle / Q000502:physiology*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D055815:Young Adult
references.citation: Schizophr Res. 1992 Jul;7(2):169-76
references.pmid: 1515378
references.citation: Schizophr Res. 2007 Jan;89(1-3):225-31
references.pmid: 17005374
references.citation: Clin Neurophysiol. 2004 Jul;115(7):1583-91
references.pmid: 15203059
references.citation: Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2006;8(1):9-16
references.pmid: 16640109
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 2002 Aug;159(8):1375-81
references.pmid: 12153831
references.citation: J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2004 Mar;10(2):298-300
references.pmid: 15012850
references.citation: Ann Neurol. 2004 Sep;56(3):416-23
references.pmid: 15349869
references.citation: Arch Neurol. 1995 Nov;52(11):1109-18
references.pmid: 7487563
references.citation: Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2001 Jul;156(2-3):234-58
references.pmid: 11549226
references.citation: Trends Cogn Sci. 2012 Mar;16(3):174-80
references.pmid: 22336729
references.citation: J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2004 May;26(3):307-19
references.pmid: 15512922
references.citation: Biometrics. 1986 Mar;42(1):121-30
references.pmid: 3719049
references.citation: Neuropsychology. 1999 Apr;13(2):306-16
references.pmid: 10353380
references.citation: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1992 Mar;49(3):206-15
references.pmid: 1567275
references.citation: AIDS Behav. 2008 Nov;12(6):930-4
references.pmid: 17701336
references.citation: Antiviral Res. 2010 Dec;88(3):334-42
references.pmid: 20970459
references.citation: J Neurovirol. 2011 Feb;17(1):3-16
references.pmid: 21174240
references.citation: Neuropsychopharmacology. 2012 Apr;37(5):1216-23
references.pmid: 22218093
references.citation: Neurology. 2001 Jan 23;56(2):257-60
references.pmid: 11160967
references.citation: J Psychopharmacol. 2006 Jul;20(4):471-84
references.pmid: 16174673
references.citation: Int J Psychophysiol. 2000 Oct;38(1):97-108
references.pmid: 11027797
references.citation: Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2007 Dec;10(6):765-75
references.pmid: 17147837
references.citation: AIDS. 2006 Sep 11;20(14):1885-8
references.pmid: 16954730
references.citation: BMC Infect Dis. 2012 Feb 15;12:39
references.pmid: 22335937
references.citation: Physiol Behav. 1998 Jul;64(5):625-8
references.pmid: 9817573
references.citation: Biol Psychiatry. 2001 Sep 15;50(6):418-24
references.pmid: 11566158
references.citation: Neurology. 2007 Oct 30;69(18):1789-99
references.pmid: 17914061
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2002 Nov;17(3):1638-48
references.pmid: 12414302
references.citation: Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 2012 Aug;27(5):520-31
references.pmid: 22705481
references.citation: Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2001 Jul;156(2-3):117-54
references.pmid: 11549216
references.citation: Neuromolecular Med. 2012 Jun;14(2):131-8
references.pmid: 22454047
references.citation: Clin Neuropsychol. 2012;26(6):894-908
references.pmid: 22708483
references.citation: Biol Psychiatry. 1997 Feb 15;41(4):452-60
references.pmid: 9034539
references.citation: J Neurovirol. 2002 Apr;8(2):136-42
references.pmid: 11935465
references.citation: J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2011 Summer;23(3):316-23
references.pmid: 21948893
references.citation: J Psychiatr Res. 2009 Jan;43(4):484-9
references.pmid: 18674783
references.citation: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2006 Dec;63(12):1325-35
references.pmid: 17146007
references.citation: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2013 Feb 1;62(2):190-6
references.pmid: 23187938
references.citation: Neuropsychologia. 2006;44(12):2494-9
references.pmid: 16698050
references.citation: Brain Res. 2006 Mar 17;1078(1):168-70
references.pmid: 16492380
references.citation: Biol Psychiatry. 1993 Feb 15;33(4):298-301
references.pmid: 8471686
references.citation: Neurology. 2010 Dec 7;75(23):2087-96
references.pmid: 21135382
references.citation: J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2004 Jan;10(1):1-14
references.pmid: 14751002
references.citation: J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 1995 May;1(3):231-51
references.pmid: 9375218
references.citation: J Addict Dis. 2006;25(4):105-14
references.pmid: 17088230
references.citation: AIDS Behav. 2011 Nov;15(8):1902-9
references.pmid: 21877204
references.citation: Nurse Pract. 1995 Aug;20(8):94-7
references.pmid: 9019696
references.citation: AIDS. 2001 Sep 28;15(14):1898-9
references.pmid: 11579260
references.citation: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1990 Feb;47(2):181-8
references.pmid: 2405807
references.citation: Drug Alcohol Depend. 2011 Jul 1;116(1-3):110-6
references.pmid: 21196088
references.citation: J Infect Dis. 1999 Sep;180(3):607-13
references.pmid: 10438346
references.citation: Psychiatry Res. 2011 May 30;187(3):324-8
references.pmid: 21397338
references.citation: J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1995 Feb;58(2):192-200
references.pmid: 7876851
references.citation: Eur J Pharmacol. 2007 Apr 10;560(2-3):176-82
references.pmid: 17328888
references.citation: J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2000 Sep;69(3):376-80
references.pmid: 10945813
references.citation: Neuropsychopharmacology. 2008 Feb;33(3):497-512
references.pmid: 17460616
references.citation: Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2010 Dec;260(8):609-15
references.pmid: 20112025
references.citation: Schizophr Res. 2009 Oct;114(1-3):91-7
references.pmid: 19656658