title: T cells target APOBEC3 proteins in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected humans and simian immunodeficiency virus-infected Indian rhesus macaques.
abstract: APOBEC3 proteins mediate potent antiretroviral activity by hypermutating the retroviral genome during reverse transcription. To counteract APOBEC3 and gain a replicative advantage, lentiviruses such as human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) have evolved the Vif protein, which targets APOBEC3 proteins for proteasomal degradation. However, the proteasome plays a critical role in the generation of T cell peptide epitopes. Whether Vif-mediated destruction of APOBEC3 proteins leads to the generation and presentation of APOBEC3-derived T cell epitopes on the surfaces of lentivirus-infected cells remains unknown. Here, using peptides derived from multiple Vif-sensitive APOBEC3 proteins, we identified APOBEC3-specific T cell responses in both HIV-1-infected patients and SIV-infected rhesus macaques. These results raise the possibility that these T cell responses may be part of the larger antiretroviral immune response.
authors.affiliation: Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Champiat
authors.forename: Keith E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Garrison
authors.forename: Rui André Saraiva
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Raposo
authors.forename: Benjamin J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Burwitz
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: Ravi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tandon
authors.forename: Vanessa A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: York
authors.forename: Laura P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Newman
authors.forename: Francesca A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Nimityongskul
authors.forename: Nancy A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Rafael R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.forename: Jeffrey N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Steven G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Deeks
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
authors.forename: Andrew A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Wiznia
authors.forename: Gerald E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Spotts
authors.forename: Christopher D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Pilcher
authors.forename: Fredrick M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Hecht
authors.forename: Mario A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ostrowski
authors.forename: Jonah B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Sacha
authors.forename: Douglas F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Nixon
mesh_terms: D000071480:APOBEC-3G Deaminase; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D043525:Cytosine Deaminase / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D016346:Gene Products, vif / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008297:Male; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D016346:Gene Products, vif; C492906:APOBEC3F protein, human; D043525:Cytosine Deaminase; D000071480:APOBEC-3G Deaminase; C464924:APOBEC3G protein, human; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase
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