title: Higher microsatellite diversity in Plasmodium vivax than in sympatric Plasmodium falciparum populations in Pursat, Western Cambodia.
abstract: Previous microsatellite analyses of sympatric populations of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum in Brazil revealed higher diversity in the former species. However, it remains unclear whether regional species-specific differences in prevalence and transmission levels might account for these findings. Here, we examine sympatric populations of P. vivax (n=87) and P. falciparum (n=164) parasites from Pursat province, Western Cambodia, where both species are similarly prevalent. Using 10 genome-wide microsatellites for P. falciparum and 13 for P. vivax, we found that the P. vivax population was more diverse than the sympatric P. falciparum population (average virtual heterozygosity [HE], 0.87 vs. 0.66, P=0.003), with more multiple-clone infections (89.6% vs. 47.6%) and larger mean number of alleles per marker (16.2 vs. 11.1, P=0.07). Both populations showed significant multi-locus linkage disequilibrium suggestive of a predominantly clonal mode of parasite reproduction. The higher microsatellite diversity found in P. vivax isolates, compared to sympatric P. falciparum isolates, does not necessarily result from local differences in transmission level and may reflect differences in population history between species or increased mutation rates in P. vivax.
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Orjuela-Sánchez
authors.forename: Juliana M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Sá
authors.forename: Michelle C C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Brandi
authors.forename: Priscila T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.forename: Melissa S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Bastos
authors.forename: Chanaki
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Amaratunga
authors.forename: Socheat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Duong
authors.forename: Rick M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Fairhurst
authors.forename: Marcelo U
authors.initials: MU
authors.lastname: Ferreira
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles / Q000469:parasitology; D002160:Cambodia / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005819:Genetic Markers; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000469:parasitology; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000635:transmission; D016780:Malaria, Vivax / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000635:transmission; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats / Q000235:genetics*; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000235:genetics*; D010966:Plasmodium vivax / Q000235:genetics*; D015995:Prevalence; D013045:Species Specificity; D061350:Sympatry / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers
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