title: Stage IE/IIE extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma arising in the nasal cavity: analysis of CT findings and their prognostic value.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the computed tomography (CT) findings in patients with stage IE/IIE extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL) arising in the nasal cavity and to evaluate whether imaging findings revealed by CT have prognostic value.
  
  
  METHODS
  The CT findings of 62 patients diagnosed with IE/IIE ENKTL arising in the nasal cavity were retrospectively reviewed. Imaging findings were investigated, and evaluated imaging findings were analysed for the prognostic value of overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 62 patients, 21 (34%) presented with a superficial infiltrative, 38 (61%) with a mass forming, and three (5%) with a combined pattern. Of all imaging findings, local invasiveness (n = 26, 42%), including bony destruction, erosion, or soft-tissue involvement, was the only independent prognostic factor for OS [p = 0.008; hazard ratio (HR): 3.85; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.42-10.44] and DFS (p = 0.001; HR: 4.25; 95% CI: 1.72-10.47). In a subgroup analysis of 36 cases with no local invasiveness, a superficial infiltrative pattern in one nasal cavity was a positive prognostic factor for OS (p = 0.028) and DFS (p = 0.008).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Imaging findings at CT provided clinically useful predictions for treatment outcomes. Local invasiveness revealed by CT findings was a strong prognostic factor for poor OS and DFS. In addition, in patients with no local invasiveness, a superficial infiltrative pattern in one nasal cavity predicted favourable OS and DFS.
authors.affiliation: Proton Therapy Center, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: S-W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Suh
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: B-J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huh
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Y S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: J-H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: S-K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Ahn
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D054391:Lymphoma, Extranodal NK-T-Cell / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009296:Nasal Cavity / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D009669:Nose Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000401:mortality; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult