title: Breaking bad medical news in a dental care setting.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dental care providers may diagnose diseases and conditions that affect a patient's general health. The authors reviewed issues related to breaking bad medical news to dental practice patients and provide guidance to clinicians about how to do so.
  
  
  METHODS
  To help reduce the potentially negative effects associated with emotionally laden communication with patients about serious health care findings, the authors present suggestions for appropriately and sensitively delivering bad medical news to both patients and their families in a supportive fashion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Preparing to deliver bad news by means of education and practice is recommended to help prevent or reduce psychological distress. One form of communication guidance is the ABCDE model, which involves Advance preparation, Building a therapeutic relationship or environment, Communicating well, Dealing with patient and family reactions, and Encouraging and validating emotions. An alternative model is the six-step SPIKES sequence-Setting, Perception, Invitation or Information, Knowledge, Empathy, and Strategize and Summarize. Using either model can assist in sensitive and empathetic communication.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For both practitioners' and patients' well-being, empathetic and effective delivery of bad medical news should be included in dental school curricula and continuing education courses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dental care providers should be familiar with the oral manifestations of diseases and the care needed before the patient undergoes medical treatment and use effective communication necessary to share bad news with patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Bornova, Izmir 35100, Turkey.
authors.forename: Pelin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Güneri
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Epstein
authors.forename: Ronald W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Botto
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003142:Communication; D054521:Cultural Competency / Q000193:education; D003812:Dentist-Patient Relations; D003815:Dentists / Q000523:psychology; D004497:Education, Dental; D056348:Emotional Intelligence; D004644:Emotions; D004645:Empathy; D006801:Humans; D011368:Professional-Family Relations; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology; D014342:Truth Disclosure