title: Genetic diversity and evolution of Chinese traditional medicinal fungus Polyporus umbellatus (Polyporales, Basidiomycota).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Polyporus umbellatus is an important medicinal fungus distributed throughout most area of China. Its wide distribution may have resulted in substantial intraspecific genetic diversity for the fungus, potentially creating variation in its medical value. To date, we know little about the intraspecific genetic diversity of P. umbellatus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The objective of this research was to assess genetic differences of P. umbellatus from geographically diverse regions of China based on nrDNA ITS and 28S rRNA (LSU, large subunit) sequences. Significant sequence variations in the ITS and LSU sequences were detected. All sclerotial samples were clustered into four clades based on phylogenetic analysis of ITS, LSU and a combined data set of both regions. Heterogeneity of ITS and LSU sequences was detected in 5 and 7 samples respectively. All clone sequences clustered into the same clade except for one LSU clone sequences (from Henan province) which clustered into two clades (Clade I and Clade II). Significant genetic divergence in P. umbellatus was observed and the genetic diversification was greater among sclerotial samples from Shaanxi, Henan and Gansu provinces than among other provinces. Polymorphism of ITS and LSU sequences indicated that in China, P. umbellatus may spread from a center (Shaanxi, Henan and Gansu province) to other regions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found sclerotial samples of P. umbellatus contained levels of intraspecific genetic diversity. These findings suggested that P. umbellatus populations in Shaanxi, Henan and Gansu are important resources of genetic diversity and should be conserved accordingly.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoke
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.forename: Xueting
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Miranda M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Hart
authors.forename: Airong
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Shunxing
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guo
mesh_terms: D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005800:Genes, Fungal; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006239:Haplotypes; D010802:Phylogeny; D055492:Polyporus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D012339:RNA, Ribosomal, 28S
chemical_list: D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer; D012339:RNA, Ribosomal, 28S
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