title: NMIBC risk calculators: how useful are they for the practicing urologist and how can their clinical utility be improved?
abstract: The natural history of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) in individual patients can be unpredictable. Although there are known clinical and molecular factors associated with tumor recurrence and progression, it is challenging to reconcile these data during a typical patient encounter within a busy clinic. The authors discuss the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer's risk tables along with other models for predicting prognosis in patients with NMIBC. The authors also describe their advantages and disadvantages and the barriers to using these risk models in daily clinical practice and provide a future perspective on prognostic models.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Rianne J M
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Lammers
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Sylvester
authors.forename: Cheryl T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: J Alfred
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Witjes
mesh_terms: D018450:Disease Progression; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000453:epidemiology; D011379:Prognosis; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology; D014572:Urology / Q000379:methods