title: In vivo evaluation of the iPex and Root ZX electronic apex locators using various irrigants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate in vivo the performance of the iPex and Root ZX electronic apex locators (EALs) in the presence of several irrigant solutions: 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 2% chlorhexidine (CHX).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two single-rooted human teeth that were scheduled for extraction were selected. Teeth with metallic restorations, fractures, root resorption, pulp necrosis or open apices were not included The working length (WL) was determined electronically for the root canals with the iPex and Root ZX EALs in the presence of two different irrigant solutions, 2.5% NaOCl and 2% CHX. After the teeth had been extracted, a size 10 K-file was used to determine the reference working length (RWL), which was established at 0.5 mm short of the major foramen. In each case, the RWL was subtracted from the electronic measurements. Positive values indicated electronic measurements that exceeded the RWL (long measurements), whereas negative values indicated measurements that were short of the RWL. The values obtained with the different irrigants and EALs were compared using the paired t-test. Significance was set at P < 0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The accuracy of the iPex nor Root ZX EAL was not affected by 2.5% NaOCl or 2% CHX (P > 0.05). However, significant differences were observed between the readings of the iPex and Root ZX, irrespective of whether 2.5% NaOCl or 2% CHX was used as the irrigant (P < 0.05). The iPex was less accurate than the Root ZX in determining the RWL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The accuracy of neither the iPex nor Root ZX EAL was affected by the irrigant used. However, the iPex was less accurate than the Root ZX in determining the RWL both for 2.5% NaOCl and for 2% CHX.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Valles, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Duran-Sindreu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stöber
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mercadé
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jané
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roig
mesh_terms: D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D055615:Electrical Equipment and Supplies; D006801:Humans; D009811:Odontometry / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016300:Radiography, Bitewing; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019227:Tooth Apex / Q000033:anatomy & histology*
chemical_list: D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite; D002710:Chlorhexidine
keywords: Root ZX; electronic apex locator; iPex; working length