title: Multiple degradation pathways of phenanthrene byStenotrophomonas maltophiliaC6.
abstract: Stenotrophomonas maltophiliastrain C6, capable of utilizing phenanthrene as a sole source of carbon and energy, was isolated from creosote-contaminated sites at Hilo, Hawaii. Twenty-two metabolites of phenanthrene, covering from dihydrodiol to protocatechuic acid, were isolated and characterized. Phenanthrene was degraded via an initial dioxygenation on 1,2-, 3,4-, and 9,10-C, where the 3,4-dioxygenation and subsequent metabolisms were most dominant. The metabolic pathways were further branched byortho- andmeta-cleavage of phenanthrenediols to produce 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-naphthoic acid, and naphthalene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid. These intermediates were then transformed to naphthalene-1,2-diol. 1-Hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid was also degraded via a direct ring cleavage. Naphthalene-1,2-diol underwent primarilyortho-cleavage to produce trans-2-carboxycinnamic acid and then to form phthalic acid, 4,5-dihydroxyphthalic acid and protocatechuic acid. Accumulation of salicylic acid in prolonged incubation indicated that a limited extent ofmeta-cleavage of naphthalene-1, 2-diol also occurred. This is the first study of detailed phenanthrene metabolic pathways byStenotrophomonas maltophilia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii, 1955 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA ; College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 YuanMingYuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Shumei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Jong-Su
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Young-Soo
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Keum
authors.forename: Jianqiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Qing X
authors.initials: QX
authors.lastname: Li
keywords: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia; dioxygenaton; meta-cleavage; ortho-cleavage; phenanthrene
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