title: Dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, and liver enzymes in impaired glucose tolerance and new onset untreated, type 2 diabetes Indian subjects.
abstract: This cross-sectional clinic-based study assessed and compared lipid profile, presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), and liver enzymes in subjects with IGT, new onset treatment naïve T2DM, and normal glucose tolerance (NGT).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and IGT patients have increased dyslipidemia, MetS, and alterations in liver enzymes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess and compare lipid profile, presence of MetS, and liver enzymes in subjects with IGT, new onset treatment naïve T2DM, and NGT.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional clinic-based study examined 152 IGT and 158 recently detected T2D subjects aged between 30 and 69 years, never treated with any anti-hyperglycemic, anti-hypertensive, and lipid lowering drugs. One hundred and sixty age- and gender-matched controls with NGT were also selected. Anthropometry, lipid profile, dyslipidemia (ADA criteria), presence of MetS (NCEP, IDF), liver enzymes, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR and QUICKI), and β-cell function (HOMA β) were analyzed in all subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  T2D and IGT subjects had significantly higher BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure (BP), HOMA-IR, QUICKI, fasting insulin, HOMA-β, MetS, triglyceride, LDL-C, SGPT, GGT, and lower HDL-C compared to NGT (control). High LDL-C (>100 mg/dl) was the commonest dyslipidemia followed by low HDL-C and hypertriglyceridemia in IGT and T2D. We found no significant differences in BMI, waist circumference, insulin resistance, total/LDL-C/HDL-C, and presence of MetS between T2D and IGT subjects. Diabetics exhibited significantly higher BP, triglyceride, SGPT, GGT, lower fasting insulin, and HOMA-β-cell function compared to IGT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IGT and recent onset T2D individuals had similar increased cardiovascular risk markers, liver enzymes, and prevalence of MetS. High LDL-C was the commonest dyslipidemia in IGT and T2D. T2D subjects had higher triglyceride, BP, SGPT, GGT compared to IGT.
authors.affiliation: Consultant Endocrinologist, KPC Medical College, RTIICS, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: Debmalaya
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sanyal
authors.forename: Sujoy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghosh
authors.forename: Pradip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mukherjee
authors.forename: Satinath
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mukherjee
authors.forename: Subhankar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chowdhury
keywords: IGT; Liver enzymes; T2DM; lipid profile; metabolic syndrome
references.citation: Diabetes Care. 2005 Oct;28(10):2472-9
references.pmid: 16186282
references.citation: Biomed Environ Sci. 2012 Feb;25(1):30-7
references.pmid: 22424624
references.citation: Diabetes Care. 1997 Nov;20(11):1683-7
references.pmid: 9353608