title: Multiparametric body composition analysis and anthropometric empirical indicator: obesity based south Indian perspective.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Obesity has emerged to be a global threat to mankind. Many abnormalities such as cardiovascular diseases and diabetes emerge as outcomes of obesity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study aimed at bringing out a technique which considers the combinational measurement of all essential anthropometric circumferences and body mass index (BMI), so that the accurate assessment of obesity can be made. To date, BMI has been considered to be the main adiposity index, but the distribution of body fat was not taken into account by BMI. The contradictory outcomes by BMI pertaining to risk factor detection in various ethnicities and populations were witnessed. Also, BMI failed to gauge obesity in muscular body builders who possess small waists and large torsos.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study adopted a cross-sectional design and 107 subjects from urban south India participated. The measurements of body composition and anthropometry were shown.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The higher significant difference of ≤ 0.001 was observed in male and female studied population, when AEI (BIA1), AEI (EXTERNAL) and BMI were compared against BFM (measured by both the devices BIA1 and BIA2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results exhibited the prominence of AEI (Anthropometric Empirical Indicator, which is the combinational measurement of all essential anthropometric circumferences and BMI) over BMI. Also, the validity of the effective functioning of low-cost, portable, simple protocol based body composition analyzer on par with the highercost, standard body composition analyzer was demonstrated by the present study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India. kishorekbmtech@yahoo.co.in.
authors.forename: K B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Kishore Mohan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Anburajan
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity; D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry / Q000379:methods*; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D044465:White People
references.citation: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999 Jan;84(1):137-44
references.pmid: 9920074
references.citation: Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2001 Jul;25(7):1047-56
references.pmid: 11443505
references.citation: World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser. 1995;854:1-452
references.pmid: 8594834
references.citation: Obesity (Silver Spring). 2011 May;19(5):1083-9
references.pmid: 21372804
references.citation: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Jun;89(6):2595-600
references.pmid: 15181029
references.citation: Diabetes Care. 1994 Jan;17(1):70-3
references.pmid: 8112193
references.citation: Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1992 Jan;16(1):17-22
references.pmid: 1314239
references.citation: J Appl Physiol (1985). 1992 Feb;72(2):787-95
references.pmid: 1559959
references.citation: Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1984 May 12;288(6428):1401-4
references.pmid: 6426576
references.citation: Metabolism. 1984 Jan;33(1):68-75
references.pmid: 6361449
references.citation: Am J Clin Nutr. 1990 Jun;51(6):953-7
references.pmid: 2349931
references.citation: Exp Clin Cardiol. 2006 Spring;11(1):14-20
references.pmid: 18651013
references.citation: Obes Res Clin Pract. 2013 May-Jun;7(3):e190-7
references.pmid: 23697587
references.citation: Obesity (Silver Spring). 2008 Feb;16(2):463-9
references.pmid: 18239660
references.citation: Radiology. 1999 Apr;211(1):283-6
references.pmid: 10189485
references.citation: Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1998 Aug;22(8):719-27
references.pmid: 9725630
references.citation: J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2000 May;13(5):505-12
references.pmid: 10803868
references.citation: Int J Obes. 1983;7(5):437-45
references.pmid: 6642855
references.citation: Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1984 Nov 10;289(6454):1257-61
references.pmid: 6437507
references.citation: Eur J Clin Nutr. 2007 Jan;61(1):40-6
references.pmid: 16885929
references.citation: Am J Clin Nutr. 1991 Sep;54(3):471-7
references.pmid: 1877502
references.citation: Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2003 Dec;32(4):787-804, viii
references.pmid: 14711062
references.citation: Am J Cardiol. 1994 Mar 1;73(7):460-8
references.pmid: 8141087
references.citation: Int J Obes. 1989;13(4):413-23
references.pmid: 2793297
references.citation: Arteriosclerosis. 1990 Jul-Aug;10(4):493-6
references.pmid: 2196039
references.citation: Diabetes Care. 1996 Mar;19(3):287-91
references.pmid: 8742584
references.citation: J Lipid Res. 2004 Oct;45(10):1892-8
references.pmid: 15258201
references.citation: Am J Clin Nutr. 1988 Dec;48(6):1351-61
references.pmid: 3202084
references.citation: Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2002 Jun;26(6):873-5
references.pmid: 12037660
references.citation: J Obes. 2011;2011:292503
references.pmid: 22235367
references.citation: Obes Res Clin Pract. 2012 Jan-Mar;6(1):e1-e90
references.pmid: 24331174
references.citation: Metabolism. 1987 Jan;36(1):54-9
references.pmid: 3796297
references.citation: Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2002 Mar;26(3):398-402
references.pmid: 11896496
references.citation: J Clin Epidemiol. 1996 Sep;49(9):1017-24
references.pmid: 8780611
references.citation: Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1993 Apr;17(4):187-96
references.pmid: 8387967
references.citation: Obesity (Silver Spring). 2009 Nov;17(11):2094-9
references.pmid: 19360011
references.citation: Arch Med Sci. 2012 Nov 9;8(5):859-64
references.pmid: 23185196
references.citation: Obes Res Clin Pract. 2010 Apr-Jun;4(2):e83-e162
references.pmid: 24345649
references.citation: Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2000 May;24(5):652-7
references.pmid: 10849590
references.citation: Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2001 May;25(5):652-61
references.pmid: 11360147
references.citation: CMAJ. 1997 Jul 1;157 Suppl 1:S46-53
references.pmid: 9220954
references.citation: Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 Jun;81(6):1313-21
references.pmid: 15941881
references.citation: Am J Med. 2003 Dec 8;115 Suppl 8A:37S-41S
references.pmid: 14678864