title: Watching object related movements modulates mirror-like activity in parietal brain regions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We studied the activation of cortical motor and parietal areas during the observation of object related grasping movements. By manipulating the type of an object (realistic versus abstract) and the type of grasping (correct versus incorrect), we addressed the question how observing such object related movements influences cortical rhythmicity, especially the mu-rhythm, in the context of an "extended" human mirror neuron system (MNS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Multichannel electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded during the observation of different object-related grasping actions in twenty healthy subjects. Different movies were presented, showing sequences of correct or incorrect hand grasping actions related to an abstract or realistic (daily life) object.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Event-related de/synchronization (ERD/ERS) analyses revealed a larger ERD in the upper alpha (10-12 Hz), beta (16-20 Hz) and gamma (36-40 Hz) frequency bands over parietal brain regions depending on the type of grasping. The type of object only influenced ERD patterns in the gamma band range (36-40 Hz) at parietal sites suggesting a strong relation of gamma band activity and cortical object representation. Abstract and realistic objects produced lower beta band synchronization at central sites only, whereas depending on the type of grasping an ERS in the upper alpha band (10-12 Hz) was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Depending on the type of the grasped object and the type of grasping stronger parietal cortical activation occurred during movement observation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Discussing the results in terms of an "extended" human mirror neuron system (MNS), it could be concluded that beside sensorimotor areas a stronger involvement of parietal brain regions was found depending on the type of object and grasping movement observed.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Knowledge Discovery, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 13/4, A-8010 Graz, Austria. s.wriessnegger@tugraz.at
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Wriessnegger
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Leeb
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kaiser
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Neuper
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Müller-Putz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D059167:Mirror Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D009039:Motion Perception; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D010296:Parietal Lobe / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: EEG; ERD/ERS; Mirror neuron system; Movement observation; Mu rhythm