title: Increase ICAM-1 and LFA-1 expression by cerebrospinal fluid of subarachnoid hemorrhage patients: involvement of TNF-α.
abstract: Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a frequent occurrence in cerebrovascular accidents, and inflammation occurs in the subarachnoid space after SAH. Arachnoid cells have the capability to present antigens and active T-lymphocytes after stimulation by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). However, the effect of CSF on T-lymphocytes and arachnoid cell adhesion was not clearly understood. In this study, we used ELISA to detected tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) content in CSF of SAH patients. CSF or recombinant TNF-α were applied on arachnoid cells and T-lymphoctes, and RT-PCR and western blotting were performed to determine the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in arachnoid cells and Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1 (LFA-1) in T-lymphocytes, respectively. Meanwhile, the Matrix Metal Proteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression in these cells was also determined. We found that the content of TNF-α in the CSF was significantly increased in the CSF of SAH patients (from 22 ± 8 pg/mL of healthy people to 436-450 pg/mL of SAH patients). Treatement with CSF could increase the expression of ICAM-1 in arachnoid cells and that of LFA-1 in T-lymphocytes, mainly through the increased levels of TNF-α. We also found that the co-culture of arachnoid cells and T-lymphocytes increased the expression of MMP-9 in both cells through the interaction of ICAM-1 of and LFA-1. All of these results suggested that arachnoid cells are involved in the T-lymphocytes invasion in the subarachnoid space after SAH.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China. xiexin@nwu.edu.cn
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Xiaokang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Jihong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Hongmin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xingrong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yan
mesh_terms: D000906:Antibodies / Q000494:pharmacology; D001099:Arachnoid / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D016169:Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1 / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000473:pathology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D016169:Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9