title: Obstructive sleep apnea is common in patients with interstitial lung disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The incidence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in interstitial lung disease (ILD) has been reported at different frequencies in several studies. The aims of our study were to evaluate the frequency of OSA in ILD and to analyze the relationship between polysomnography (PSG) findings and pulmonary function, disease severity, parenchymal involvement, and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) scores.
  
  
  METHODS
  ILD patients with parenchymal involvement were evaluated. The disease severity was assessed using an index consisting of body mass index (BMI), carbon monoxide diffusion capacity, the Modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scale, and the 6-min walking distance. All of the patients had lung function, chest X-ray, PSG, ESS scoring, and an upper airway examination. Patients with a BMI ≥ 30 or significant upper airway pathologies were excluded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 62 patients, 50 patients comprised the study group (14 male, 36 female; mean age 54 ± 12.35 years, mean BMI 25.9 ± 3.44 kg/m(2)) with diagnoses of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF; n = 17), stage II-III sarcoidosis (n = 15), or scleroderma (n = 18). The frequency of OSA was 68 %. The mean apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) was 11.4 ± 12.5. OSA was more common in IPF patients (p = 0.009). The frequency of rapid eye movement-related sleep apnea was 52.9 %. The frequency of OSA was higher in patients with a disease severity index ≥3 (p = 0.04). The oxygen desaturation index and the AHI were higher in patients with diffuse radiological involvement (p = 0.007 and p = 0.043, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  OSA is common in ILD. PSG or at minimum nocturnal oximetry should be performed, particularly in patients with functionally and radiologically severe disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, 34 360, Capa, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Aylin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pihtili
authors.forename: Zuleyha
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Bingol
authors.forename: Esen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kiyan
authors.forename: Caglar
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cuhadaroglu
authors.forename: Halim
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Issever
authors.forename: Ziya
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gulbaran
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006970:Disorders of Excessive Somnolence / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D017563:Lung Diseases, Interstitial / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017286:Polysomnography; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013147:Spirometry; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014421:Turkey
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