title: A non-bacterial transcription factor inhibits bacterial transcription by a multipronged mechanism.
abstract: The process of transcription initiation is the major target for regulation of gene expression in bacteria and is performed by a multi-subunit RNA polymerase enzyme (RNAp). A complex network of regulatory elements controls the activity of the RNAp to fine-tune transcriptional output. Thus, RNAp is a nexus for controlling bacterial gene expression at the transcription level. Many bacteriophages, viruses that infect bacteria, encode transcription factors that specifically target and modulate the activity of the host RNAp and, thereby, facilitate the acquisition of the host bacteria by the phage. Here, we describe the modus operandi of a T7 bacteriophage-encoded small protein called Gp2 and define Gp2 as a non-bacterial regulator of bacterial transcription.
authors.affiliation: MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sheppard
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: James
authors.forename: Geraint
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Barton
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matthews
authors.forename: Konstantin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Severinov
authors.forename: Sivaramesh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wigneshweraraj
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D017123:Bacteriophage T7 / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D012321:DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology*; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D020539:Sequence Analysis, Protein; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014764:Viral Proteins; C120334:gene 2 product, bacteriophage T7; D012321:DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases
keywords: Gp2; RNA polymerase; T7 inhibition; bacterial transcription regulation; bacteriophage; σ factor
references.citation: Annu Rev Microbiol. 2003;57:441-66
references.pmid: 14527287
references.citation: Curr Opin Microbiol. 1999 Apr;2(2):135-41
references.pmid: 10322161
references.citation: Mol Cell. 2012 Sep 14;47(5):755-66
references.pmid: 22819324
references.citation: Nature. 1974 Nov 1;252(5478):71-4
references.pmid: 4610406
references.citation: Mol Microbiol. 2011 Sep;81(5):1190-204
references.pmid: 21696463
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Oct;76(10):4852-6
references.pmid: 388419
references.citation: J Mol Biol. 2004 Oct 22;343(3):513-32
references.pmid: 15465042
references.citation: J Mol Biol. 2011 Nov 11;413(5):1016-27
references.pmid: 21963987
references.citation: Nucleic Acids Res. 1982 Mar 11;10(5):1635-52
references.pmid: 7041092
references.citation: Nature. 1970 Oct 17;228(5268):227-31
references.pmid: 4920917
references.citation: Microbiology (Reading). 2013 Feb;159(Pt 2):269-274
references.pmid: 23242801
references.citation: Nature. 1975 Nov 27;258(5533):354-7
references.pmid: 1105195
references.citation: J Mol Biol. 2011 Oct 7;412(5):754-71
references.pmid: 21371479
references.citation: Genome Biol. 2003;4(1):203
references.pmid: 12540296
references.citation: EMBO J. 2004 Oct 27;23(21):4264-74
references.pmid: 15470503
references.citation: Microbiology (Reading). 2012 Nov;158(Pt 11):2753-2764
references.pmid: 22977089
references.citation: Nat Rev Microbiol. 2004 Jan;2(1):57-65
references.pmid: 15035009
references.citation: Curr Opin Microbiol. 2008 Apr;11(2):186-93
references.pmid: 18400552
references.citation: J Virol. 1977 Dec;24(3):736-45
references.pmid: 338932
references.citation: Curr Opin Struct Biol. 2003 Feb;13(1):31-9
references.pmid: 12581657
references.citation: FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2010 Sep;34(5):628-45
references.pmid: 20491932
references.citation: J Virol. 1975 Jul;16(1):94-100
references.pmid: 1133879
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2011 Jun 24;286(25):22600-8
references.pmid: 21525530
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Feb 2;107(5):2247-52
references.pmid: 20133868
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 1979 Nov 25;254(22):11247-53
references.pmid: 387768
references.citation: J Virol. 1974 Sep;14(3):509-16
references.pmid: 4604641
references.citation: J Virol. 1977 Dec;24(3):746-60
references.pmid: 338933
references.citation: J Mol Biol. 2011 Apr 15;407(5):623-32
references.pmid: 21316373
references.citation: Nat Rev Microbiol. 2008 Jul;6(7):507-19
references.pmid: 18521075
references.citation: J Bacteriol. 1995 Jul;177(14):4066-76
references.pmid: 7608081
references.citation: Mol Microbiol. 2008 Jan;67(2):448-57
references.pmid: 18067538
references.citation: Annu Rev Microbiol. 2012;66:125-52
references.pmid: 22726217
references.citation: Science. 2012 Aug 3;337(6094):591-5
references.pmid: 22859489
references.citation: Cell. 2002 Mar 8;108(5):599-614
references.pmid: 11893332
references.citation: Virology. 2013 Feb 5;436(1):67-74
references.pmid: 23127595
references.citation: J Virol. 1980 Feb;33(2):780-8
references.pmid: 6997508
references.citation: J Mol Biol. 1999 Jun 18;289(4):815-26
references.pmid: 10369763
references.citation: Mol Microbiol. 2004 Aug;53(4):1251-65
references.pmid: 15306026
references.citation: J Mol Biol. 2010 Sep 10;402(1):118-26
references.pmid: 20650282
references.citation: Annu Rev Microbiol. 2003;57:301-22
references.pmid: 14527281
references.citation: J Mol Biol. 2011 Apr 1;407(3):333-53
references.pmid: 21195716
references.citation: Annu Rev Microbiol. 2000;54:499-518
references.pmid: 11018136