title: Gender-dimorphic regulation of skeletal muscle proteins in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite the fact that sexual differences increase diabetic risk and contribute to the need for gender-specific care, there remain contradictory results as to whether or not sexual dimorphism increases susceptibility to the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  METHODS
  To examine gender-dimorphic regulation of skeletal muscle proteins between healthy control and STZ-induced diabetic rats of both genders, we performed differential proteome analysis using two-dimensional electrophoresis combined with mass spectrometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Animal experiments revealed that STZ treatment rendered female rats more susceptible to induction of diabetes than their male littermates with significantly lower plasma insulin levels due to hormonal regulation. Proteomic analysis of skeletal muscle identified a total of 21 proteins showing gender-dimorphic differential expression patterns between healthy controls and diabetic rats. Most interestingly, gender-specific proteome comparison showed that male and female rats displayed differential regulation of proteins involved in muscle contraction, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism, as well as oxidative phosphorylation and cellular stress.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current proteomic study revealed that impaired protein regulation was more prominent in the muscle tissue of female diabetic rats, which were more susceptible to STZ-induced diabetes. We expect that the present proteomic data can provide valuable information for evidence-based gender-specific treatment of diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Kyungsan, Kyungbuk 712-714, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Minji
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Jung-Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Harmesh N
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Chaudhari
authors.forename: Kanikkai Raja
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Aseer
authors.forename: Rajib
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mukherjee
authors.forename: Jong Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Yun
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D005260:Female; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D010085:Oxidative Phosphorylation; D010641:Phenotype; D020543:Proteome / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D020543:Proteome