title: AKT inhibitor suppresses hyperthermia-induced Ndrg2 phosphorylation in gastric cancer cells.
abstract: Hyperthermia is one of the most effective adjuvant treatments for various cancers with few side effects. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms still are not known. N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2), a tumor suppressor, has been shown to be involved in diverse cellular stresses including hypoxia, lipotoxicity, etc. In addition, Ndrg2 has been reported to be related to progression of gastric cancer. In the current study, our data showed that the apoptosis rate of MKN28 cells increased relatively rapidly to 13.4% by 24 h after treatment with hyperthermia (42°C for 1 h) compared to 5.1% in control cells (P < 0.05). Nevertheless, there was no obvious change in the expression level of total Ndrg2 during this process. Further investigation demonstrated that the relative phosphorylation levels of Ndrg2 at Ser332, Thr348 increased up to 3.2- and 1.9-fold (hyperthermia group vs control group) at 3 h in MKN28 cells, respectively (P < 0.05). We also found that heat treatment significantly increased AKT phosphorylation. AKT inhibitor VIII (10 µM) decreased the phosphorylation level of Ndrg2 induced by hyperthermia. Accordingly, the apoptosis rate rose significantly in MKN28 cells (16.4%) treated with a combination of AKT inhibitor VIII and hyperthermia compared to that (6.8%) of cells treated with hyperthermia alone (P < 0.05). Taken together, these data demonstrated that Ndrg2 phosphorylation could be induced by hyperthermia in an AKT-dependent manner in gastric cancer cells. Furthermore, AKT inhibitor VIII suppressed Ndrg2 phosphorylation and rendered gastric cancer cells susceptible to apoptosis induced by hyperthermia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, State Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China. mmroll@163.com
authors.forename: Yurong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Wenchao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Lan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ru
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Xinping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Libo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yao
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D006801:Humans; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced; D010766:Phosphorylation; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C466228:NDRG2 protein, human; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt
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