title: Eco-evolutionary dynamics in response to selection on life-history.
abstract: Understanding the consequences of environmental change on ecological and evolutionary dynamics is inherently problematic because of the complex interplay between them. Using invertebrates in microcosms, we characterise phenotypic, population and evolutionary dynamics before, during and after exposure to a novel environment and harvesting over 20 generations. We demonstrate an evolved change in life-history traits (the age- and size-at-maturity, and survival to maturity) in response to selection caused by environmental change (wild to laboratory) and to harvesting (juvenile or adult). Life-history evolution, which drives changes in population growth rate and thus population dynamics, includes an increase in age-to-maturity of 76% (from 12.5 to 22 days) in the unharvested populations as they adapt to the new environment. Evolutionary responses to harvesting are outweighed by the response to environmental change (~ 1.4 vs. 4% change in age-at-maturity per generation). The adaptive response to environmental change converts a negative population growth trajectory into a positive one: an example of evolutionary rescue.
authors.affiliation: Ecology & Evolution research group, Institute of Integrative & Comparative Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK. tom.cameron@emg.umu.se
authors.forename: Tom C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Cameron
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: O'Sullivan
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.forename: Stuart B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Piertney
authors.forename: Tim G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Benton
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D049628:Body Size; D004777:Environment; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D007448:Invertebrates / Q000502:physiology*; D008018:Life Cycle Stages; D008297:Male; D008925:Mites / Q000502:physiology; D009026:Mortality; D010641:Phenotype; D011157:Population Dynamics; D012641:Selection, Genetic
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