title: Food insecurity, food based coping strategies and suboptimal dietary practices of adolescents in Jimma zone Southwest Ethiopia.
abstract: Despite the high prevalence of adolescent food insecurity in Ethiopia, there is no study which documented its association with suboptimal dietary practices. The objective of this study is to determine the association between adolescent food insecurity and dietary practices. We used data on 2084 adolescents in the age group of 13-17 years involved in the first round survey of the five year longitudinal family study in Southwest Ethiopia. Adolescents were selected using residence stratified random sampling methods. Food insecurity was measured using scales validated in developing countries. Dietary practices were measured using dietary diversity score, food variety score and frequency of consuming animal source food. Multivariable regression models were used to compare dietary behaviors by food security status after controlling for socio-demographic and economic covariates. Food insecure adolescents had low dietary diversity score (P<0.001), low mean food variety score (P<0.001) and low frequency of consuming animal source foods (P<0.001). After adjusting for other variables in a multivariable logistic regression model, adolescent food insecurity (P<0.001) and rural residence (P<0.001) were negatively associated with the likelihood of having a diversified diet (P<0.001) and frequency of consuming animal source foods, while a high household income tertile was positively associated. Similarly, multivariable linear regression model showed that adolescent food insecurity was negatively associated with food variety score, while residence in semi-urban areas (P<0.001), in urban areas (P<0.001) and high household income tertile (P = 0.013) were positively associated. Girls were less likely to have diversified diet (P = 0.001) compared with boys. Our findings suggest that food insecurity has negative consequence on optimal dietary intake of adolescents. Food security interventions should look into ways of targeting adolescents to mitigate these dietary consequences and provide alternative strategies to improve dietary quality of adolescents in Southwest Ethiopia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Population and Family Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia. teferabelachew@gmail.com
authors.forename: Tefera
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Belachew
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lindstrom
authors.forename: Abebe
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gebremariam
authors.forename: Dennis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hogan
authors.forename: Carl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lachat
authors.forename: Lieven
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Huybregts
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kolsteren
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002149:Energy Intake; D005002:Ethiopia / Q000453:epidemiology; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005523:Food Supply; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D012424:Rural Population
references.citation: J Nutr. 1993 Feb;123(2):189-96
references.pmid: 8429367
references.citation: J Nutr. 2006 May;136(5):1404S-1408S
references.pmid: 16614437
references.citation: Eur J Clin Nutr. 2009 Feb;63(2):199-208
references.pmid: 17971828
references.citation: Am J Epidemiol. 2010 Oct 1;172(7):809-18
references.pmid: 20716700
references.citation: J Am Diet Assoc. 2004 Apr;104(4):615-35
references.pmid: 15054348
references.citation: J Nutr. 2008 Dec;138(12):2448-53
references.pmid: 19022971
references.citation: J Am Coll Nutr. 2001 Dec;20(6):599-608
references.pmid: 11771675
references.citation: J Nutr Educ Behav. 2009 Nov-Dec;41(6):414-9
references.pmid: 19879497
references.citation: J Nutr. 2006 May;136(5):1409S-1419S
references.pmid: 16614438
references.citation: J Nutr. 2010 Nov;140(11):2059S-69S
references.pmid: 20881077
references.citation: Nutr J. 2011 Apr 10;10:29
references.pmid: 21477343
references.citation: Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol. 2003 Sep;136(1):61-9
references.pmid: 14527630
references.citation: J Nutr. 2011 Jun;141(6):1114-9
references.pmid: 21525257
references.citation: J Nutr. 2003 Nov;133(11 Suppl 2):3875S-3878S
references.pmid: 14672284
references.citation: Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2001;10(1):21-30
references.pmid: 11708605
references.citation: Public Health Nutr. 2010 Sep;13(9):1438-44
references.pmid: 20196915
references.citation: J Nutr. 2003 Nov;133(11 Suppl 2):4048S-4053S
references.pmid: 14672310
references.citation: J Nutr. 2010 Jan;140(1):177S-81S
references.pmid: 19923384
references.citation: Soc Sci Med. 2008 Jan;66(2):427-38
references.pmid: 17931763
references.citation: Public Health Nutr. 2006 Aug;9(5):644-50
references.pmid: 16923296
references.citation: Eur J Clin Nutr. 2004 Apr;58(4):594-604
references.pmid: 15042127
references.citation: J Nutr. 2010 Nov;140(11):2070S-8S
references.pmid: 20881080
references.citation: J Nutr. 2006 May;136(5):1438S-1448S
references.pmid: 16614441
references.citation: J Nutr. 2008 Mar;138(3):604-12
references.pmid: 18287374
references.citation: Br J Nutr. 1995 Apr;73(4):551-69
references.pmid: 7794871
references.citation: J Nutr. 2006 May;136(5):1431S-1437S
references.pmid: 16614440
references.citation: Malays J Nutr. 2010 Apr;16(1):39-54
references.pmid: 22691852
references.citation: Public Health Nutr. 2002 Apr;5(2):281-8
references.pmid: 12020379
references.citation: Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2008;1136:193-209
references.pmid: 17954670
references.citation: J Nutr. 2012 Jul;142(7):1343-9
references.pmid: 22623397
references.citation: J Nutr. 2010 Jan;140(1):153S-61S
references.pmid: 19939996
references.citation: Am J Clin Nutr. 1997 Apr;65(4 Suppl):1173S-1178S
references.pmid: 9094917
references.citation: Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 Aug;72(2 Suppl):521S-8S
references.pmid: 10919954
references.citation: J Nutr. 2010 Dec;140(12):2233-40
references.pmid: 20962154
references.citation: NAPA Bull. 2009 Nov;32(1):77-91
references.pmid: 24489524
references.citation: J Health Popul Nutr. 2010 Feb;28(1):86-94
references.pmid: 20214090
references.citation: J Am Diet Assoc. 2008 Feb;108(2):276-86; discussion 286
references.pmid: 18237576
references.citation: J Nutr. 2003 Nov;133(11 Suppl 2):3893S-3897S
references.pmid: 14672287
references.citation: Pediatrics. 2011 Feb;127(2):e398-405
references.pmid: 21220395
references.citation: Eur J Clin Nutr. 2003 Oct;57(10):1283-91
references.pmid: 14506490
references.citation: Eur J Clin Nutr. 2005 Nov;59(11):1233-40
references.pmid: 16015253
references.citation: Arch Latinoam Nutr. 1991 Sep;41(3):327-35
references.pmid: 1824512
references.citation: J Nutr. 2003 Nov;133(11 Suppl 2):3981S-3986S
references.pmid: 14672299
references.citation: J Nutr. 2001 Aug;131(8):2192-6
references.pmid: 11481416
references.citation: Public Health Nutr. 2004 Feb;7(1A):101-21
references.pmid: 14972056
references.citation: J Nutr. 1999 Feb;129(2S Suppl):525S-528S
references.pmid: 10064323
references.citation: J Nutr. 2010 Jan;140(1):182S-8S
references.pmid: 19923385
references.citation: J Nutr. 2007 Feb;137(2):472-7
references.pmid: 17237329
references.citation: J Nutr. 2004 Aug;134(8):1923-8
references.pmid: 15284377
references.citation: Public Health Nutr. 2002 Oct;5(5):691-9
references.pmid: 12372164
references.citation: J Nutr. 2003 Nov;133(11 Suppl 2):4006S-4009S
references.pmid: 14672303