title: Assessment of lung toxicity caused by bleomycin and amiodarone by Tc-99m HMPAO lung scintigraphy in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the study was to determine the lung toxicity caused by amiodarone (AD) and bleomycin (BLM) in rats, by means of Tc-99m HMPAO lung scintigraphy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty albino rats were randomly divided into five groups. After AD or BLM was dissolved with isotonic saline (SF), a 0.5 ml solution was applied to the right bronchus via a catheter. Group 1 (n = 5 rats) received a single dose of AD, group 2 (n = 5) received two doses of AD, group 3 (n = 9) received BLM, group 4 (n = 3) received hydrochloric acid (HCl), and group 5 (n = 8) received SF. Rats in groups 1, 2, 3 and 5 were given 37 MBq Tc-99m HMPAO from the tail vein on days 7, 14, 21 and 28, and at 4 and 24 h in group 4. Static images of 10 min duration were obtained at 30 and 60 min by a double-headed gamma camera (Infinia, GE, Tirat Hacermel, Israel) on 256 × 256 matrix. Regular regions of interests were drawn over the right lung (RL), left lung (LL) and the liver (Li), and lung/liver (L/Li) ratios were calculated. After the scintigraphic imaging procedures were completed, rats were killed. Lung tissues were evaluated on a scale of (+) to (+++++) for edema, alveolar structural integrity and infiltration by inflammatory cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Groups 2 and 3 showed statistically significant differences in RL/Li and LL/Li ratios, whereby RL/Li was higher than LL/Li (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in RL/Li and LL/Li ratios in group 5 (p > 0.05). In histopathological examination, minimal damage or artifacts were observed in group 5. In group 4, almost all pathological findings were present in the right lung. Statistically significant (p < 0.01) histological differences were found when groups 1 and 5 were compared. More significant (p < 0.001) pathological effects were noted when groups 2 and 3 were compared to both groups 5 and 1. Injury was more prominent in the lung tissues of the control rats that were given HCl. Increased RL/Li ratios and histopathological findings were consistent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tc-99m HMPAO lung scan are found to be useful in the identification of patients with lung toxicity. The simplicity of the procedure and lower radiation exposure are the advantages of Tc-99m HMPAO lung scan.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Celal Bayar University, Uncubozkoy, 45030, Manisa, Turkey. fggumuser@hotmail.com
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gumuser
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vural
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Varol
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Parlak
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tuglu
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Topal
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sayit
mesh_terms: D000638:Amiodarone / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000818:Animals; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001761:Bleomycin / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008168:Lung / Q000166:cytology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D051381:Rats; D019690:Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D001761:Bleomycin; D019690:Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime; D000638:Amiodarone
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