title: Alcohol consumption and risk of lymphoid and myeloid neoplasms: results of the Netherlands cohort study.
abstract: Results from epidemiological studies suggest that alcohol drinkers have a decreased risk of lymphoid neoplasms, whereas results for myeloid neoplasms are inconsistent. However, most of these studies have used retrospective data. We examined prospectively whether alcohol consumption decreases the risk of both lymphoid and myeloid neoplasms, including most common subtypes. Moreover, we investigated whether this decreased risk is due to ethanol or other contents of specific alcoholic beverages (i.e., beer, wine and liquor). The Netherlands cohort study consisted of 120,852 individuals who completed a baseline questionnaire in 1986. After 17.3 years of follow-up, 1,375 cases of lymphoid and 245 cases of myeloid neoplasms with complete exposure information were available for analysis. Compared with abstinence, we observed for plasma cell neoplasms hazard rate ratios (HR) of 1.66 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.21-2.29), 1.63 (95% CI, 1.17-2.27), 1.11 (95% CI, 0.75-1.64) and 0.85 (95% CI, 0.51-1.42) with daily ethanol consumption of 0.1-<5, 5-<15, 15-<30 and ≥30 g, respectively. A similar pattern was observed for chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma. No associations were observed for other subtypes and for myeloid neoplasms. When results were analyzed by beverage type, no clear associations were observed. In conclusion, our study did not show an inverse association between alcohol consumption and lymphoid neoplasms. Also, no inverse association was observed with myeloid neoplasms. If any association between alcohol consumption and lymphoid neoplasms exists, our study suggests an increased risk rather than a decreased risk.
authors.affiliation: School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Mirjam M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Heinen
authors.forename: Bas A J
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Verhage
authors.forename: Leo J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Schouten
authors.forename: R Alexandra
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Goldbohm
authors.forename: Harry C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Schouten
authors.forename: Piet A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: van den Brandt
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000434:Alcoholic Beverages / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D019337:Hematologic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D007945:Leukemia, Lymphoid / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D054219:Neoplasms, Plasma Cell / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D012306:Risk; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: alcoholic beverages; cohort study; ethanol; lymphoid neoplasms; myeloid neoplasms