title: Biotransformation of clerodane diterpenoids by Rhizopus stolonifer and antibacterial activity of resulting metabolites.
abstract: Microbial transformation of clerodane lactone (1) by a plant pathogen fungus, Rhizopus stolonifer, resulted in the production of metabolites 3 and 4. While incubation of clerodane methyl ester (2) by R. stolonifer yielded metabolites 5-8. The structures of the transformed products were determined by the spectroscopic techniques and compounds 4, 7 and 8 were found. The antibacterial activity of clerodane diterpenoids 1 and 2 and their metabolites 3-8 were also studied. The metabolites 3-7 showed moderate activities against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. While metabolite 8 showed a moderate activity against Gram-positive organisms and a good activity against Gram-negative organisms.
authors.affiliation: H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan. hej@cyber.net.pk
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iqbal Choudhary
authors.forename: Mohammad Yasin
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Mohammad
authors.forename: Syed Ghulam
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Musharraf
authors.forename: Ismail
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Onajobi
authors.forename: Akhtar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mohammad
authors.forename: Itrat
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Anis
authors.forename: Muhammad Raza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.lastname: Atta-Ur-Rahman
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045785:Diterpenes, Clerodane / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D012233:Rhizopus / Q000378:metabolism*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D045785:Diterpenes, Clerodane