title: Evaluation of characteristics, associations and clinical course of isolated spontaneous renal artery dissection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Spontaneous renal artery dissection (SRAD) is a rare entity of unknown etiology. We aimed to study the clinical course and outcomes and compare the characteristics of patients with SRAD with those of the general population.
  
  
  METHODS
  All cases of isolated renal artery dissection diagnosed at the University of Michigan Hospitals between January 2000 and July 2012 were identified by the ICD-9 code. Cases were matched by age, gender and race with individuals from the 2009-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Characteristics and awareness of comorbid conditions were compared. Information about the clinical course after diagnosis was retrieved from the case group to ascertain their outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 17 patients with SRAD with a mean age of 38.6 years (SD = 8.3) were identified. Eleven patients were male and 14 were white. The most common presenting symptom was excruciating sudden-onset flank pain ipsilateral to the site of dissection. Fibromuscular dysplasia, Ehlers-Danlos and polyarteritis nodosa were present in 4, 4 and 1 patients, respectively. After adjusting in a multivariable model, the case group was more likely to report history of hypertension, cancer and connective tissue disorders (P < 0.001), and less likely to have obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m(2)) compared with the general population. Supportive medical treatment, endovascular intervention and surgery were required in 8, 5 and 4 cases, respectively. After discharge from the hospital, hypertension was adequately controlled in all the patients but one.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SRAD may be part of a syndrome having multi-organ involvement. With appropriate medical or surgical management, long-term clinical outcome appears favorable.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Farsad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Afshinnia
authors.forename: Baskaran
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sundaram
authors.forename: Panduranga
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stanley
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bitzer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000784:Aortic Dissection / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005352:Fibromuscular Dysplasia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011379:Prognosis; D012077:Renal Artery / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*
keywords: Ehlers–Danlos syndrome; Poland syndrome; fibromuscular dysplasia; nail–patella syndrome; renal artery dissection
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