title: Perinatal exposure of patas monkeys to antiretroviral nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors induces genotoxicity persistent for up to 3 years of age.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Erythrocebus patas (patas) monkeys were used to model antiretroviral (ARV) drug in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected pregnant women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pregnant patas dams were given human-equivalent doses of ARVs daily during 50% of gestation. Mesenchymal cells, cultured from bone marrow of patas offspring obtained at birth and at 1 and 3 years of age, were examined for genotoxicity, including centrosomal amplification, micronuclei, and micronuclei containing whole chromosomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with controls, statistically significant increases (P < .05) in centrosomal amplification, micronuclei, and micronuclei containing whole chromosomes were found in mesenchymal cells from most groups of offspring at the 3 time points.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transplacental nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor exposures induced fetal genotoxicity that was persistent for 3 years.
authors.affiliation: Carcinogen-DNA Interactions Section, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892-4255, USA.
authors.forename: Ofelia A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Olivero
authors.forename: Lorangelly Rivera
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.forename: Sayeh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gorjifard
authors.forename: Dariya
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Momot
authors.forename: Eryney
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Marrogi
authors.forename: Rao L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Divi
authors.forename: Yongmin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Ruth A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Woodward
authors.forename: Marsha J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Sowers
authors.forename: Miriam C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Poirier
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004901:Erythrocebus patas / Q000235:genetics* / Q000821:virology*; D005260:Female; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000821:virology; D008648:Mesoderm / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D009705:Nucleosides / Q000235:genetics; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000821:virology; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D009705:Nucleosides; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
keywords: Erythrocebus patas; abacavir; aneuploidy; centrosomal amplification; lamivudine; mesenchymal fibroblasts; micronuclei; nevirapine; zidovudine
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