title: Sex/Gender differences in tooth loss and edentulism: historical perspectives, biological factors, and sociologic reasons.
abstract: This review highlights what is known regarding differences in tooth loss by sex/gender, and describes: gender-related tooth ablation (the deliberate removal of anterior teeth during life) found in skulls from history and prehistory; potential mediators of the relationship between sex/gender and tooth loss; the current epidemiology of gender differences in tooth loss (limited to North America); and risk factors for tooth loss in the general population and in women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology & Health Promotion, NYU College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10003-1402, USA. stefanie.russell@nyu.edu
authors.forename: Stefanie L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Lukacs
authors.forename: Linda M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Kaste
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D049690:History, Ancient; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D009066:Mouth, Edentulous / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014081:Tooth Extraction / Q000266:history; D016388:Tooth Loss / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D016387:Women's Health