title: Tomato lycopene attenuates myocardial infarction induced by isoproterenol: electrocardiographic, biochemical and anti-apoptotic study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the protective effects of lycopene on electrocardiographic, hemodynamic, biochemical and apoptotic changes in isoproterenol induced myocardial infarction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Myocardial infarction was induced in rats by subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol (200 mg/kg) for two consecutive days at an interval of 24 h. Rats were treated with lycopene (10 mg/kg/day, p.o.) for a period of 30 days and isoproterenol (ISO) was injected on the 29th and 30th day. At the end of experiment i.e. on the 31st day electrocardiographic, hemodynamic, biochemical and apoptotic changes were monitored from control and experimental groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ISO injected rats showed a significant alteration in electrocardiograph pattern and hemodynamic changes (i.e. systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure). It also showed significant increase in C-reactive protein, myeloperoxidase, nitrite levels and Caspase-3 protease activity. In addition, it also exhibited alteration in the levels of electrolytes (Na(+), K(+) and Ca(2+)), vitamin E, uric acid and serum protein. Gel electrophoresis of ISO injected rats showed increase in DNA fragmentation. Triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining of the heart section shows increase area of infarction in ISO injected rats. Pre-co-treatment with lycopene significantly prevented the ISO induced alteration in ECG, haemodynamic, biochemical and apoptotic changes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present result shows that treatment of lycopene in ISO injected rats significantly attenuates induced myocardial infarction.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390 002, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Upaganlawar
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Aman
authors.forename: Patel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vaibhav
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Balaraman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053148:Caspase 3; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006439:Hemodynamics; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000633:toxicity; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D000077276:Lycopene; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000737:chemistry*; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D009573:Nitrites; D008517:Phytotherapy; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D009573:Nitrites; D028321:Plant Preparations; D002338:Carotenoids; D053148:Caspase 3; D007545:Isoproterenol; D000077276:Lycopene
keywords: Antioxidants; Apoptosis; Isoproterenol; Lycopene; Myocardial infarction; Necrosis