title: A comprehensive morphometric analysis of the internal thoracic artery with emphasis on age, gender and left-to-right specific differences.
abstract: The aim of this analysis was the morphometric description of the internal thoracic artery (ITA) with an emphasis on age, gender and left-to-right specific differences, as well as on age and atherosclerosis related changes of the elastic skeleton.
  
  
  
  Forty eight arteries were obtained during forensic autopsies from 32 persons who had died of non-vascular causes. The following morphometric parameters were analyzed: thickness of the intima, the medial layer and the wall, the intima-to media-ratio and the elastic skeleton parameters.
  
  
  
  The intima thickness increases significantly with aging (ANOVA F=34.061, p⟨0.001), as does the intima-to-media ratio (ANOVA F=10.831, p⟨0.001). With aging, there is a significant increase in the thickness of the media (F=56.519; p⟨0.001) and of the wall (F=34.094; p⟨0,001). There is a significant increase in the media thickness during the development of atherosclerosis in the ITA (ANOVA F=11.848, p⟨0.001). No significant difference was found when these data were analyzed based on the left-to-right principle or depending on gender of the patients. However, the analysis of the elastic skeleton parameters indicated that the combined effects of aging, atherosclerosis and male gender lead to the degeneration of the elastic skeleton of the ITA.
  
  
  
  The grade of atherosclerosis gradually increases with aging as shown by morphometric analysis. The increase in the medial layer thickness suggests the potential for positive remodeling of the ITA during aging and atherosclerosis. The left/right position has no influence on morphometric parameters of the ITA, while male gender affects parameters of the elastic skeleton.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Histology and Embryology "Aleksandar Đ. Kostić", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia. sborovic2001@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Milica Labudovi
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Borović
authors.forename: Saša
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Borović
authors.forename: Jelena
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marinković-Erić
authors.forename: Vera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Todorović
authors.forename: Nela
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Puškaš
authors.forename: Mladen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kočica
authors.forename: Đorđe
authors.initials: Đ
authors.lastname: Radak
authors.forename: Vesna
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lačković
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D002102:Cadaver; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D008297:Male; D008323:Mammary Arteries / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012737:Sex Factors; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000473:pathology; D017540:Tunica Media / Q000473:pathology