title: Exercise and caloric restriction alter the immune system of mice submitted to a high-fat diet.
abstract: As the size of adipocytes increases during obesity, the establishment of resident immune cells in adipose tissue becomes an important source of proinflammatory mediators. Exercise and caloric restriction are two important, nonpharmacological tools against body mass increase. To date, their effects on the immune cells of adipose tissue in obese organisms, specifically when a high-fat diet is consumed, have been poorly investigated. Thus, after consuming a high-fat diet, mice were submitted to chronic swimming training or a 30% caloric restriction in order to investigate the effects of both interventions on resident immune cells in adipose tissue. These strategies were able to reduce body mass and resulted in changes in the number of resident immune cells in the adipose tissue and levels of cytokines/chemokines in serum. While exercise increased the number of NK cells in adipose tissue and serum levels of IL-6 and RANTES, caloric restriction increased the CD4+/CD8+ cell ratio and MCP-1 levels. Together, these data demonstrated that exercise and caloric restriction modulate resident immune cells in adipose tissues differently in spite of an equivalent body weight reduction. Additionally, the results also reinforce the idea that a combination of both strategies is better than either individually for combating obesity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biophysics, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Frederick
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wasinski
authors.forename: Reury F P
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Bacurau
authors.forename: Milton R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Moraes
authors.forename: Anderson S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Haro
authors.forename: Pedro M M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Moraes-Vieira
authors.forename: Gabriel R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Estrela
authors.forename: Edgar J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Paredes-Gamero
authors.forename: Carlos C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Barros
authors.forename: Sandro S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.forename: Niels O S
authors.initials: NO
authors.lastname: Câmara
authors.forename: Ronaldo C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Araujo
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D031204:Caloric Restriction; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000097:blood; D018946:Chemokine CCL5 / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System / Q000378:metabolism*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000166:cytology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D018946:Chemokine CCL5; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6