title: Effects of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) tannins on α-amylase activity and in vitro digestibility of starch in raw and processed flours.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of tannins on starch digestion in tannin-containing sorghum extracts and wholegrain flours from 12 sorghum varieties. Extracts reduced amylase activity in a tannin concentration-dependent manner when the extract was mixed with the enzyme before substrate (amylopectin) addition, with higher molecular weight tannins showing greater reduction. Conversely, when the extract and substrate were combined before enzyme addition an enhancement in amylase activity was experienced. In uncooked, cooked, and cooked and stored wholegrain sorghum flours, rapidly digestible, slowly digestible, and resistant starches were not correlated with tannin content or molecular weight distribution. Resistant starch increased from 6.5% to 22-26% when tannins were added to starch up to 50% (starch weight). Tannin extracts both reduced and enhanced amylase activity depending on conditions, and, while these trends were clear in extracts, the effects on starch digestion in wholegrain flours was more complex.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, 143 Food Industry Complex, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States.
authors.forename: Nyambe L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Mkandawire
authors.forename: Rhett C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Kaufman
authors.forename: Scott R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Bean
authors.forename: Curtis L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Weller
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: Devin J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Rose
mesh_terms: D000687:Amylopectin / Q000737:chemistry; D002392:Catechin / Q000737:chemistry; D002482:Cellulose / Q000737:chemistry; D003296:Cooking; D005433:Flour / Q000032:analysis*; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods; D008970:Molecular Weight; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D045868:Sorghum / Q000737:chemistry*; D013213:Starch / Q000737:chemistry*; D013634:Tannins / Q000737:chemistry*; D000516:alpha-Amylases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D013634:Tannins; D002392:Catechin; D002482:Cellulose; D013213:Starch; D000687:Amylopectin; D000516:alpha-Amylases