title: Pro-inflammatory effect of cystic fibrosis sputum microparticles in the murine lung.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The role of microparticles (MPs) in the inflammatory process of cystic fibrosis (CF) airways is not known. Here, we have studied the pro-inflammatory potential of CF MPs in a model of acute lung injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Swiss mice were subjected to intratracheal administration of MPs obtained from CF and primary ciliary diskinesia (PCD) patients. Histopathology, total and differential cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were used to evaluate the inflammatory reaction in the lung. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-like activity of MPs was studied by Limulus amebocyte lysate assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MPs obtained from acute CF patients determined peribronchial and perivascular inflammatory infiltrates similar to those elicited by LPS. This inflammation was granulocyte-dominated and higher than that determined by MPs obtained from stable CF, whereas PCD MPs caused a macrophage-dominated inflammation. While LPS-activity was not found in circulating blood MPs prepared from CF patients, it was present in MPs obtained from CF sputum and sputum CD66b(+) neutrophils. Finally, LPS-like activity was only detected in circulating MPs after incubation with LPS as well as in MPs obtained from LPS-stimulated neutrophils obtained from healthy donors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that the pro-inflammatory potential of neutrophil-derived MPs in the CF airways may be subsequent to the binding of shedded LPS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Porro
authors.forename: Sante
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Di Gioia
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Trotta
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lepore
authors.forename: Maria Antonietta
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Panaro
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Battaglino
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ratclif
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Castellani
authors.forename: Pantaleo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bufo
authors.forename: Maria Carmen
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Conese
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000166:cytology; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D055252:Cell-Derived Microparticles / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D013183:Sputum / Q000166:cytology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; C069847:CD66 antigens; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides
keywords: Cystic fibrosis; Lipopolysaccharide; Lung inflammation; Macrophages; Neutrophils; Primary ciliary dyskinesia