title: Pain, pain anxiety and emotional and behavioural problems in children with cerebral palsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pain is commonly experienced in those with cerebral palsy (CP), and previous research suggests an increase in behavioural and emotional problems in children experiencing pain and pain anxiety. Therefore, it was hypothesised that pain intensity and pain anxiety would predict behavioural and emotional problems in children with CP.
  
  
  METHODS
  Parents or guardians of 61 children (38 boys, 23 girls) with CP, aged 5-15 years completed an online questionnaire on pain intensity, pain anxiety and behavioural and emotional problems. Correlation and a multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to examine whether pain intensity and/or pain anxiety predicts behavioural and emotional problems.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 59% of participants reported that their children with CP currently experiences pain. Multiple regression analyses revealed that pain intensity (p = 0.038) and pain anxiety (p < 0.001) both made a significant and independent contributions in predicting anxiety in children, however, pain anxiety was the only predictor that made a significant and independent contribution to the depression (p = 0.001) and the behavioural and emotional problems measure (p = 0.004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Whilst pain intensity appears to be associated with behavioural and emotional problems in children, pain anxiety may be more strongly associated still.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Health Research/School of Social Sciences and Psychology, University of Western Sydney , New South Wales, Sydney , Australia and.
authors.forename: Rio
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: Kathryn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nicholson Perry
authors.forename: Monique
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hines
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D001526:Behavioral Symptoms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000150:complications*; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010290:Parents; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires