title: The current profile and outcome of congenital diaphragmatic hernia: a nationwide survey in Japan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Few nationwide surveys have been reported regarding the perinatal status, clinical course and postnatal outcome of cases with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). The aim of this study was to review the current profile and the outcomes of a large cohort of CDH cases in Japan.
  
  
  METHODS
  A nationwide retrospective cohort study was conducted on neonates diagnosed to have CDH between January 2006 and December 2010. The questionnaires were sent to 159 representative regional institutions and 109 (68.6%) institutions responded to the preliminary survey which had 674 cases. Eleven institutions which had 60 CDH neonates did not respond to the second questionnaire, and 26 institutions had no cases. Finally, 614 CDH neonates from 72 institutions had been collected and were used in the detailed survey. The perinatal status, clinical course and the postnatal outcome were reviewed. Survival was defined as infants alive at hospital discharge, at the time of transfer or still in the hospital at the time of questionnaire, which was confirmed during the period from July 2011 to November 2011 by the investigators.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four hundred sixty-three (75.4%) of 614 CDH neonates survived in this study. The overall survival rate of neonates with isolated CDH was 84.0%. A total of 444 (72.0%) patients were prenatally diagnosed, and had a survival rate of 70.8%. Four hundred thirty-three (70.9%) patients were treated with high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) as the initial ventilation, 344 (56.0%) patients received inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) and 43 (7.0%) required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). The overall survival rates of the CDH neonates who had been treated using HFOV, iNO and ECMO were 74.3%, 68.3% and 37.2%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated that the current status for CDH treatment in Japan and the overall survival rate were comparable to those of recent reports from other countries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan. koujin@pedsurg.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kouji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.forename: Noriaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Usui
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kanamori
authors.forename: Shigehiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hayakawa
authors.forename: Hiroomi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okuyama
authors.forename: Noboru
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Inamura
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujino
authors.forename: Tomoaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Taguchi
mesh_terms: D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D006548:Hernia, Diaphragmatic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery; D065630:Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D015996:Survival Rate