title: Ovicidal and repellent activities of botanical extracts against Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the ovicidal and repellent activities of methanol leaf extract of Ervatamia coronaria (E. coronaria) and Caesalpinia pulcherrima (C. pulcherrima) against Culex quinquefasciatus (Cx. quinquefasciatus), Aedes aegypti (Ae. aegypti) and Anopheles stephensi (An. stephensi).
  
  
  METHODS
  The ovicidal activity was determined against three mosquito species at various concentrations ranging from 50-450 ppm under the laboratory conditions. The hatch rates were assessed 48 h after treatment. The repellent efficacy was determined against three mosquito species at three concentrations viz., 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 mg/cm(2) under the laboratory conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The crude extract of E. coronaria exerted zero hatchability (100% mortality) at 250, 200 and 150 ppm for Cx. quinquefasciatus, Ae. aegypti and An. stephensi, respectively. The crude extract of C. pulcherrima exerted zero hatchability (100% mortality) at 375, 300 and 225 ppm for Cx. quinquefasciatus, Ae. aegypti and An. Stephensi, respectively. The methanol extract of E. coronaria found to be more repellenct than C. pulcherrima extract. A higher concentration of 5.0 mg/cm(2) provided 100% protection up to 150, 180 and 210 min against Cx. quinquefasciatus, Ae. aegypti and An. stephensi, respectively. The results clearly showed that repellent activity was dose dependent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  From the results it can be concluded the crude extracts of E. coronaria and C. pulcherrima are an excellent potential for controlling Cx. quinquefasciatus, Ae. aegypti and An. stephensi mosquitoes.
authors.affiliation: Division of Vector Biology and Phytochemistry, Department of Zoology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar-608 002, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Govindarajan
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mathivanan
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Elumalai
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Krishnappa
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Anandan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D029911:Caesalpinia / Q000737:chemistry; D009033:Culicidae / Q000187:drug effects*; D007302:Insect Repellents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects; D000432:Methanol; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*; D030014:Tabernaemontana / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D007302:Insect Repellents; D007306:Insecticides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D000432:Methanol
keywords: Aedes aegypti; Anopheles stephensi; Caesalpinia pulcherrima; Culex quinquefasciatus; Ervatamia coronaria; Leaf extract; Mortality; Mosquito; Ovicidal activity; Repellent activity