title: The acute and long-term management of anaphylaxis: protocol for a systematic review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology is in the process of developing its Guideline for Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis, and this systematic review is one of seven inter-linked evidence syntheses that are being undertaken in order to provide a state-of-the-art synopsis of the current evidence base in relation to epidemiology, prevention, diagnosis and clinical management and impact on quality of life, which will be used to inform clinical recommendations.The aims of this systematic review will be to assess the effectiveness of interventions for the acute management of anaphylaxis, and pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches for the long-term management of anaphylaxis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A highly sensitive search strategy has been developed, and validated study design filters will be applied to retrieve all articles pertaining to the management of anaphylaxis from electronic bibliographic databases. We will systematically review the literature on the acute management of anaphylaxis by assessing the effectiveness of epinephrine, H1-antihistamines (versus placebo), systemic glucocorticosteroids, methylxanthines or any other treatments for the emergency management of people experiencing anaphylaxis. The main interventions that have been studied in the context of long-term management are anaphylaxis management plans and allergen-specific immunotherapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is at present little in the way of robust evidence to guide decisions on the acute and/or long-term management of anaphylaxis. Given the risk of death and the considerable morbidity associated with anaphylaxis these evidence gaps need to be filled wherever possible; this systematic review will make a start in this area.
authors.affiliation: Medical School, Doorway 3, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK. aziz.sheikh@ed.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Sangeeta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dhami
authors.forename: Sukhmeet S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Panesar
authors.forename: Tamara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rader
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Muraro
authors.forename: Graham
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: Margitta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Worm
authors.forename: Aziz
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sheikh