title: Addition of ketamine to propofol-alfentanil anesthesia may reduce postoperative pain in laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess whether intravenous anesthesia supplemented with ketamine reduces postoperative pain after elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty patients were enrolled and randomized 1:1 into one of 2 groups: the propofol group (received propofol and alfentanil supplemented with saline) and the ketamine group (received propofol and alfentanil with ketamine). The study was double-blind. The number and amount of the intraoperative additional alfentanil doses were recorded. Pain assessments and cumulative analgesic consumption at postanesthesia care unit (PACU) admission, PACU discharge, postoperative 24th hour, and hospital discharge were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The visual analog scale scores at PACU admission, PACU discharge, postoperative 24th hour, and hospital discharge were significantly lower in the ketamine group than the propofol group. The pain visual analog scale ≥ 75 at the postoperative 24th hour for the propofol group was also significantly lower (P<0.035) than that of the ketamine group. The difference in analgesic consumption between groups was statistically significant (P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study showed that ketamine supplemented with propofol and alfentanil produced better analgesia intraoperatively and postoperatively and decreased analgesic consumption compared with the propofol group after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey. muratkarcioglu@mku.edu.tr
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karcioglu
authors.forename: Işil
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Davarci
authors.forename: Kasim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tuzcu
authors.forename: Yusuf B
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Bozdogan
authors.forename: Selim
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Turhanoglu
authors.forename: Akin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aydogan
authors.forename: Muhyittin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Temiz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015760:Alfentanil / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000771:Anesthesia, Intravenous / Q000379:methods; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007649:Ketamine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000187:drug effects; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D015760:Alfentanil; D007649:Ketamine; D015742:Propofol