title: Conjunctival extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue in the fornix: do not overlook conjunctival lymphomas.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Here we report three cases of conjunctival lymphoma that were initially unnotified or misdiagnosed as other ocular diseases because of the small tumor size, peripheral tumor location (the tumor was hidden in the fornix), and nonspecific symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three patients diagnosed with conjunctivitis or nasolacrimal duct obstruction were referred to our clinic because they were unresponsive to standard medical treatments. Routine anterior segment examination did not reveal any lesions, but further careful examination with a strong eyelid draw revealed minimally elevated tumors in the peripheral fornix under the lid. Excisional biopsies were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Histopathologic and immunohistologic examinations indicated the presence of extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma). All patients underwent additional radiation therapy. There was no evidence of recurrence in any patient during the follow-up period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Detection of conjunctival lymphoma can be challenging. If no apparent lesion is present and the patient has nonspecific symptoms, the inner surface of the eyelid should be carefully examined. Elaborate eyelid eversion, with eyeball movement, should be performed to avoid misdiagnosing or overlooking peripheral conjunctival lymphomas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hata
authors.forename: Kazuaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ogino
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sumiyoshi
authors.forename: Nagahisa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
keywords: MALT lymphoma; conjunctival lymphoma; fornix; misdiagnosis