title: Evaluation of the antibacterial and antifungal potential of Peltophorum africanum: toxicological effect on human Chang liver cell line.
abstract: We assessed the in vitro antimicrobial activity of Peltophorum africanum by means of the agar well and macrodilution methods. The toxicity on a normal human liver cell (Chang liver cell) was determined using the CellTiter-Blue cell viability assay, and the compounds contained in the fractions were identified using GC-MS. Zone diameter of inhibition of the extract ranged from 12.5 ± 0.7  to  32 ± 2.8 mm for bacteria and from  7.5 ± 0.7  to  26.4 ± 3.4 mm for yeast. Marked activity of the extract was observed against Plesiomonas shigelloides ATCC 51903, with MIC and MLC values of 0.15625 and 0.3125 mg/mL, respectively. The extract was both bactericidal (MIC(index) ≤ 2) and bacteriostatic/fungistatic (MIC(index) > 2) in activity. Lethal dose at 50 (LD50) showed 82.64 ± 1.40 degree of toxicity at 24 hrs, and 95 percentile of cell death dose activity ranged from log 3.12 ± 0.01  to  4.59 ± 0.03. The activity of the eight fractions tested ranged from 1.0 ± 0.5  to  3.7 ± 1.6 mg/mL (IC50) and from  2.1 ± 0.8  to  6.25 ± 0 mg/mL (IC90). The extract was toxic to human Chang liver cell lines.
authors.affiliation: Microbial Pathogenicity and Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry & Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 570, South Africa.
authors.forename: Benjamin I
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Okeleye
authors.forename: Noxolo T
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Mkwetshana
authors.forename: Roland N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Ndip
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D018407:Bacterial Physiological Phenomena / Q000187:drug effects*; D029911:Caesalpinia / Q000737:chemistry*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D005658:Fungi / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts