title: A lumen sizing workhorse guidewire for peripheral vasculature: two functions in one device.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ideally, guidewires used during peripheral vasculature (PV) interventions could serve both as a therapy delivery platform and a diagnostic tool for real-time vessel sizing (2-in-1 function).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Vascular imaging modalities, like intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), used during lower PV interventions, can improve outcomes versus angiographic assessment alone, but are rarely used due to added time, cost, and required clinical training/interpretation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 0.035″ bodied 0.035″ conductance guidewire (CGW) is described here as a vascular navigation and diagnostic real-time PV sizing tool. When attached to a console, the CGW creates a safe, electric field to determine vascular size through simultaneous voltage measurements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The CGW showed functionality as a workhorse guidewire on the bench (torqueability and trackability equivalent to a Wholey guidewire) and in vivo (over-the-wire stent deployment in domestic swine and first-in-man study with no major adverse events). Validation of CGW sizing versus the true diameter and IVUS was completed in 4-10 mm diameter phantoms on the bench and in swine and showed virtually no bias with excellent repeatability and accuracy (i.e., CGW repeatability: swine phantom bias = 0.03 ± 0.09 mm (1.3% error). CGW vs. true diameter: in vivo bias = 0.14 ± 0.15 mm (2.7% error). IVUS vs. true diameter: swine phantom bias = 0.01 ± 0.36 mm (4.7% error). CCW vs. IVUS: swine phantom bias = 0.13 ± 0.26 mm (3.8% error)).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Real-time, accurate, and safe PV dimension assessment and therapy-delivery (2-in-1 function) is possible using a novel workhorse 0.035″ bodied CGW.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, IUPUI, Indianapolis, Indiana.
authors.forename: Mark C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Svendsen
authors.forename: Jenny S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Choy
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ebner
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bigelow
authors.forename: Anjan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sinha
authors.forename: Issam
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Moussa
authors.forename: A George
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Akingba
authors.forename: Bill
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Combs
authors.forename: Ghassan S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Kassab
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002406:Catheterization, Peripheral / Q000295:instrumentation*; D057510:Endovascular Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008422:Materials Testing; D008875:Middle Aged; D023421:Models, Animal; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D015607:Stents; D034421:Sus scrofa; D019415:Torque; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional / Q000295:instrumentation*; D062666:Vascular Access Devices
keywords: intravascular ultrasound; peripheral vascular disease; vascular biology