title: Traumatic injuries of permanent teeth among 6- to 12-year-old Iraqi children: a 4-year retrospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this retrospective study was to identify the types, causes, and other factors associated with traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) in the permanent teeth of children in Mosul, Iraq.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected from the dental records of 6- to 12-year-old children with TDIs who attended the Pediatric Dental Clinic at the Mosul University School of Dentistry between October 2006 and October 2010. The gathered data included: demographic information, when and where the injury occurred, type of dental injury, cause of injury, and the time elapsed between the TDI and dental care. Data were evaluated using the chi-square test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 294 children with TDIs were examined and treated. The highest frequency of TDIs was among 12-year-old children (29%), with more males being affected (P<.001). The most common type of injury was enamel-dentin fracture (56%). The most frequent cause of TDIs was falls (53%). The majority of the injuries happened outdoors (55%), and 37% of the cases occurred in the Fall. Only 5% of patients sought dental care within 24 hours of the injury.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This 4-year retrospective study showed that the majority of children with TDIs sought dental treatment after one month of the injury. Educating parents and teachers about the benefits of trauma prevention and immediate treatment of injuries is a must.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics, and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Mosul University, Mosul, Iraq. gyassen@iu.edu
authors.forename: Ghaeth H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Yassen
authors.forename: Judith R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Chin
authors.forename: Baydaa Ali Othman
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Al-Rawi
authors.forename: Ahmed G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Mohammedsharif
authors.forename: Saif S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Alsoufy
authors.forename: Lamiaa Abdul-Rhman
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.forename: Leka'a Hashim
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Salim
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Eckert
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019229:Dentition, Permanent; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007180:Incisor / Q000293:injuries; D007493:Iraq / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D010516:Periodontal Splints; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012390:Root Canal Therapy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012621:Seasons; D012737:Sex Factors; D014082:Tooth Fractures / Q000209:etiology; D018677:Tooth Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy