title: All-trans retinoic acid upregulates the expression of p53 via Axin and inhibits the proliferation of glioma cells.
abstract: All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is a potent chemopreventive and therapeutic agent and exerts its effects by inducing growth arrest. In the present study, we demonstrated that ATRA activated the expression of p53 via Axin and induced cell cycle arrest at the G1/S phase and apoptosis of glioma cells. Briefly, C6 cells were treated with ATRA, and the levels of p53 mRNA and protein were determined by RT-PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The results showed that ATRA activated the expression of p53. In addition, ectopic expression of Axin by transient transfection of C6 cells with rAxin revealed that overexpression of Axin induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis with an upregulation of p53. Furthermore, loss-of-function of Axin in glioma cells by RNAi blocked ATRA-induced cell cycle phase arrest and apoptosis via downregulation of p53. The present study revealed a novel function of Axin and identified it as an important regulator of ATRA-activated p53 expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Shaanxi Province Cancer Hospital, and The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China.
authors.forename: Jianrong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Caixia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Liying
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis; D060466:Axin Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D059585:G1 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D005910:Glioma; D034622:RNA Interference; D051381:Rats; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D060466:Axin Protein; C555453:Axin1 protein, rat; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D014212:Tretinoin