title: Shoulder arthroscopy simulator training improves shoulder arthroscopy performance in a cadaveric model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to quantify the benefits of shoulder arthroscopy simulator training with a cadaveric model of shoulder arthroscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen first-year medical students with no prior experience in shoulder arthroscopy were enrolled and completed this study. Each subject completed a baseline proctored arthroscopy on a cadaveric shoulder, which included controlling the camera and completing a standard series of tasks using the probe. The subjects were randomized, and 9 of the subjects received training on a virtual reality simulator for shoulder arthroscopy. All subjects then repeated the same cadaveric arthroscopy. The arthroscopic videos were analyzed in a blinded fashion for time to task completion and subjective assessment of technical performance. The 2 groups were compared by use of Student t tests, and change over time within groups was analyzed with paired t tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no observed differences between the 2 groups on the baseline evaluation. The simulator group improved significantly from baseline with respect to time to completion and subjective performance (P < .05). Time to completion was significantly faster in the simulator group compared with controls at the final evaluation (P < .05). No difference was observed between the groups on the subjective scores at the final evaluation (P = .98).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Shoulder arthroscopy simulator training resulted in significant benefits in clinical shoulder arthroscopy time to task completion in this cadaveric model. This study provides important additional evidence of the benefit of simulators in orthopaedic surgical training.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There may be a role for simulator training in shoulder arthroscopy education.
authors.affiliation: Cartilage Repair Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA.
authors.forename: R Frank
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Henn
authors.forename: Neel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Jon J P
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Warner
authors.forename: Andreas H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Gomoll
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001182:Arthroscopy / Q000193:education* / Q000295:instrumentation; D002102:Cadaver; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D061646:Operative Time; D009985:Orthopedics / Q000193:education*; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000601:surgery*