title: Adipose-derived stromal cells for the reconstruction of a human vesical equivalent.
abstract: Despite a wide panel of tissue-engineering models available for vesical reconstruction, the lack of a differentiated urothelium remains their main common limitation. For the first time to our knowledge, an entirely human vesical equivalent, free of exogenous matrix, has been reconstructed using the self-assembly method. Moreover, we tested the contribution of adipose-derived stromal cells, an easily available source of mesenchymal cells featuring many potential advantages, by reconstructing three types of equivalent, named fibroblast vesical equivalent, adipose-derived stromal cell vesical equivalent and hybrid vesical equivalent--the latter containing both adipose-derived stromal cells and fibroblasts. The new substitutes have been compared and characterized for matrix composition and organization, functionality and mechanical behaviour. Although all three vesical equivalents displayed adequate collagen type I and III expression, only two of them, fibroblast vesical equivalent and hybrid vesical equivalent, sustained the development of a differentiated and functional urothelium. The presence of uroplakins Ib, II and III and the tight junction marker ZO-1 was detected and correlated with impermeability. The mechanical resistance of these tissues was sufficient for use by surgeons. We present here in vitro tissue-engineered vesical equivalents, built without the use of any exogenous matrix, able to sustain mechanical stress and to support the formation of a functional urothelium, i.e. able to display a barrier function similar to that of native tissue.
authors.affiliation: Centre LOEX de l'Université Laval, Génie Tissulaire et Régénération, LOEX du Centre de Recherche FRSQ du CHU de Québec, Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rousseau
authors.affiliation: Centre LOEX de l'Université Laval, Génie Tissulaire et Régénération, LOEX du Centre de Recherche FRSQ du CHU de Québec, Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fradette
authors.affiliation: Centre LOEX de l'Université Laval, Génie Tissulaire et Régénération, LOEX du Centre de Recherche FRSQ du CHU de Québec, Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Geneviève
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bernard
authors.affiliation: Centre LOEX de l'Université Laval, Génie Tissulaire et Régénération, LOEX du Centre de Recherche FRSQ du CHU de Québec, Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gauvin
authors.affiliation: Centre LOEX de l'Université Laval, Génie Tissulaire et Régénération, LOEX du Centre de Recherche FRSQ du CHU de Québec, Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Véronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Laterreur
authors.affiliation: Centre LOEX de l'Université Laval, Génie Tissulaire et Régénération, LOEX du Centre de Recherche FRSQ du CHU de Québec, Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.|CMDGT/LOEX-Équipe Reconstruction Vésicale, Centre de Recherche FRQS du CHU de Québec, Aile-R, Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus, Centre Hospitalier Affilié Universitaire de Québec, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bolduc
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D000818:Animals; D001706:Biopsy; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D003094:Collagen / Q000737:chemistry; D003238:Connective Tissue / Q000473:pathology; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010539:Permeability; D012867:Skin / Q000473:pathology; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000473:pathology*; D060165:Uroplakins / Q000378:metabolism; D019459:Urothelium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D062826:Zonula Occludens-1 Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C569042:TJP1 protein, human; D060165:Uroplakins; D062826:Zonula Occludens-1 Protein; D003094:Collagen
keywords: adipose-derived stromal cell; barrier function; bladder reconstruction; tissue engineering; urology; uroplakins