title: Novel anticancer alkene lactone from Persea americana.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Persea americana Mill (Lauraceae) root bark is used in ethnomedicine for a variety of diseases including cancer.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To isolate and characterize the chemical constituent in P. americana, and also to determine the anticancer property of a new alkene lactone from the root bark of P. americana.
  
  
  METHODS
  The MCF-7 cells were treated with different concentrations of the pure compound for 48 h. The percentage of cells in the various phases, online monitoring of metabolic changes and integrin receptor expression determined by flow cytometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One novel alkene lactone (4-hydroxy-5-methylene-3-undecyclidenedihydrofuran-2 (3H)-one) (1) was isolated and characterized using 1D-NMR, 2D-NMR, infrared, UV and MS. At a concentration of 10 µg/mL, significant reduction of proliferation of MCF-7 was induced while MCF-12 A cell was significantly stimulated by 10 µg/mL. The IC50 value for MCF-7 cells is 20.48 µg/mL. Lower concentration of 1 harbor no significant effect on either MCF-7 or MCF-12A. The apoptotic rates of MCF-7 cells were increased significantly. At the final concentration 10 µg/mL, up to 80% of all breast cancer cells were dead. On the non-tumorigenic cell line MCF-12A, the same concentrations (1 and 10 µg/mL) of compound 1 caused significant enhanced apoptotic rates. A total of 1 µg/mL of 1 caused a decrease of α4-, α6-, β1- and β3-integrin expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The compound caused a stimulatory effect on non-tumorigenic MCF-12A cells with respect to cell adhesion while tumorigenic MCF-7 cells detached continuously. This is the first report on the anticancer effects of this class of compound.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany. faloabi@uniben.edu
authors.forename: Abiodun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Falodun
authors.forename: Nadja
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Engel
authors.forename: Udo
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kragl
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nebe
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Langer
mesh_terms: D015107:4-Butyrolactone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D016023:Integrins / Q000378:metabolism; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D008519:Medicine, Traditional; D027421:Persea / Q000737:chemistry*; D024301:Plant Bark; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D018517:Plant Roots
chemical_list: C585128:4-hydroxy-5-methylene-3-undecyclidenedihydrofuran-2(3H)-one; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D016023:Integrins; D010936:Plant Extracts; D015107:4-Butyrolactone