title: Evaluation of antihepatotoxic potential of Solanum xanthocarpum fruit extract against antitubercular drugs induced hepatopathy in experimental rodents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the hepatoprotective effect of Solanum xanthocarpum (S. xanthocarpum) fruit extract against antitubercular drug-induced liver toxicity in experimental animals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ethanolic (50%) fruit extract of S. xanthocarpum (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg bw) was administered daily for 35 days in experimental animals. Liver toxicity was induced by combination of three antitubercular drugs [isoniazid (I) 7.5 mg/kg, rifampicin (R) 10 mg/kg and pyrazinamide (P) 35 mg/kg] given orally as suspension for 35 days in rats. The hepatoprotective activity was assessed using various biochemical parameters like aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatise (ALP), total bilirubin (TBL), albumin (ALB), total protein (TP), lactate dehydroginase (LDH), and serum cholesterol (CHL). Meanwhile, in vivo antioxidant activities as lipid peroxidation (LPO), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were measured in rat liver homogenate. The biochemical observations were supplemented by histopathological examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results demonstrated that treatment with S. xanthocarpum significantly (P<0.05-P<0.001) and dose-dependently prevented drug induced increase in serum levels of hepatic enzymes. Furthermore, S. xanthocarpum significantly (up to P<0.001) reduced the LPO in the liver tissue and restored activities of defence antioxidant enzymes GSH, SOD and CAT towards normal levels. Histopathology of the liver tissue showed that S. xanthocarpum attenuated the hepatocellular necrosis and led to reduction in inflammatory cells infiltration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study strongly indicate the protective effect of S. xanthocarpum against liver injury which may be attributed to its hepatoprotective activity, and thereby scientifically support its traditional use.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology Division, National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226001, India ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow Uttar Pradesh 226001.
authors.forename: Talib
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.forename: Ramesh K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Sweety
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: K
authors.forename: Mohd Sajid
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: M D Sarfaraj
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Arif
authors.forename: Arshad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Faiyazuddin
authors.forename: Chandana Venkateswara
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Rao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006651:Histocytochemistry; D007538:Isoniazid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010949:Plasma / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology; D011718:Pyrazinamide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012293:Rifampin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity; D032322:Solanum / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011718:Pyrazinamide; D007538:Isoniazid; D012293:Rifampin
keywords: Antihepatotoxicity; Antioxidant; Antitubercular drug; Biochemical parameter; Hepatoprotective effect; Histopathology; Isoniazid; Liver injury; Liver toxicity; Pyrazinamide; Rifampicin; Solanum xanthocarpum