title: Does accelerated reproductive aging underlie premenopausal risk for cardiovascular disease?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The menopausal transition is associated with an increase in risk for cardiovascular disease; however, whether variability in reproductive aging relates to cardiovascular risk factors in the premenopausal period has not been studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a multiethnic sample of 951 healthy, regularly cycling women aged 25 to 45 years (mean [SD] age, 35.2 [5.5] y), we examined antimüllerian hormone (AMH), a validated marker of ovarian reserve, in relation to the overall number of cardiometabolic risk factors, calculated as the sum of the five components of metabolic syndrome (triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL; high-density lipoprotein <50 mg/dL; homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance ≥2.6; waist circumference equal to or higher than race-specific cutoff; and hypertensive [vs normotensive] status), and in relation to each of these risk factors individually.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In age-adjusted models, results showed that the number of cardiometabolic risk factors was 52.1% higher among women with low versus high AMH levels and 46.0% higher among women with mid versus high AMH levels. In addition, results showed that low and mid levels of AMH (vs high) were associated with an increase in risk with respect to high-density lipoprotein (odds ratio [OR], 1.814; 95% CI, 1.211-2.718 and OR, 1.568; 95% CI, 1.083-2.269, respectively), waist circumference (OR, 2.012; 95% CI, 1.380-2.934 and OR, 1.881; 95% CI, 1.333-2.654, respectively), and hypertensive status (OR, 2.373; 95% CI, 1.095-5.143 and OR, 2.052; 95% CI, 0.976-4.314, respectively) outcomes. Associations, however, attenuated when body mass index was covaried (Ps > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cross-sectional evidence suggests that having a greater ovarian reserve is associated with having a healthier cardiometabolic risk factor profile. Future longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether this association may be mediated by body mass index.
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of 1Psychiatry and 2Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; 3Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; and 4Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
authors.forename: Maria E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Bleil
authors.forename: Steven E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Gregorich
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: McConnell
authors.forename: Mitchell P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Rosen
authors.forename: Marcelle I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Cedars
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D054304:Anti-Mullerian Hormone / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008597:Menstrual Cycle / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D006080:Ovarian Follicle / Q000378:metabolism*; D010053:Ovary / Q000378:metabolism*; D017697:Premenopause / Q000378:metabolism*; D016387:Women's Health
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D054304:Anti-Mullerian Hormone