title: The microstructural effects of aqueous extract of Garcinia kola (Linn) on the hippocampus and cerebellum of malnourished mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the neuroprotective effects of aqueous extract of Garcinia kola on neurotoxin administered malnourished mice adopting histological procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was carried out using thirty-two adult malnourished mice which were randomly assigned into four groups (n=8): A, B, C and D. Group A served as control, while the other groups served as the experimental groups. Animals in group A were fed malnourished diet ad libitum and given water liberally. Animals in group B were administered with 3-Nitropropionic acid (3-NP) (neurotoxin) only at 20 mg/kg body weight, group C were given only Garcinia kola extracts, and group D were pre-treated with Garcinia kola extracts at 200 mg/kg for seven days prior to administration of neurotoxin at 20 mg/kg body weight. After three days of neurotoxins administration in the relevant groups, the brains were excised and fixed in formal calcium for histological processing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study showed that hippocampal and cerebellar neurons of animals in group B exhibited some cellular degeneration and blood vessel blockage, which were not seen in groups A, C and D. Cresyl violet staining was least intense in group B than in groups A, C and D. Despite the fact that animals in group D has equal administration of 3-Nitropropionic acid concentration, there were no traces of neural degeneration as it was evidenced in group B.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is concluded that Garcinia kola has protective effects on the neurons of the hippocampus and cerebellum of malnourished mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, Osun State University, Osogbo Osun State.
authors.forename: Sunday A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Ajayi
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Ofusori
authors.forename: Gideon B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Ojo
authors.forename: Oladele A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Ayoka
authors.forename: Taiwo A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Abayomi
authors.forename: Adekilekun A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Tijani
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D029763:Garcinia kola / Q000737:chemistry*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D006651:Histocytochemistry; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000188:drug therapy*; D051379:Mice; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: 3-Nitropropionic acid; Aqueous extract; Cerebellum; Garcinia kola; Hippocampus; Malnourished mice; Microstructural effect; Neurons; Neuroprotective effect; Neurotoxin