title: Amelioration of behavioral abnormalities in BH(4)-deficient mice by dietary supplementation of tyrosine.
abstract: This study reports an amelioration of abnormal motor behaviors in tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4)-deficient Spr (-/-) mice by the dietary supplementation of tyrosine. Since BH4 is an essential cofactor for the conversion of phenylalanine into tyrosine as well as the synthesis of dopamine neurotransmitter within the central nervous system, the levels of tyrosine and dopamine were severely reduced in brains of BH4-deficient Spr (-/-) mice. We found that Spr (-/-) mice display variable 'open-field' behaviors, impaired motor functions on the 'rotating rod', and dystonic 'hind-limb clasping'. In this study, we report that these aberrant motor deficits displayed by Spr (-/-) mice were ameliorated by the therapeutic tyrosine diet for 10 days. This study also suggests that dopamine deficiency in brains of Spr (-/-) mice may not be the biological feature of aberrant motor behaviors associated with BH4 deficiency. Brain levels of dopamine (DA) and its metabolites in Spr (-/-) mice were not substantially increased by the dietary tyrosine therapy. However, we found that mTORC1 activity severely suppressed in brains of Spr (-/-) mice fed a normal diet was restored 10 days after feeding the mice the tyrosine diet. The present study proposes that brain mTORC1 signaling pathway is one of the potential targets in understanding abnormal motor behaviors associated with BH4-deficiency.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Su
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Kwak
authors.forename: Mikyoung
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Ji Hye
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Daesoo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hyesun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Min
authors.forename: Yoosik
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Onyou
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Gary G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Meadows
authors.forename: Cheol O
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Joe
mesh_terms: D000429:Alcohol Oxidoreductases / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D055162:Biocatalysis; D001708:Biopterins / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000172:deficiency; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism; D055786:Gene Knockout Techniques; D000076222:Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1; D051379:Mice; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes / Q000378:metabolism; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D046912:Multiprotein Complexes; D001708:Biopterins; D014443:Tyrosine; D000429:Alcohol Oxidoreductases; C022630:sepiapterin reductase; D000076222:Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; C003402:sapropterin; D004298:Dopamine