title: Low normal thyroid function enhances plasma cholesteryl ester transfer in Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Plasma cholesteryl ester transfer (CET), reflecting endogenous transfer of cholesteryl esters from HDL to very low and low density lipoproteins, is elevated in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and may predict (subclinical) cardiovascular disease. Low normal thyroid function may adversely affect lipoprotein metabolism and atherosclerosis development. We tested whether plasma CET is related to thyroid function in euthyroid T2DM and non-diabetic subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma CET was measured in 74 T2DM and 82 non-diabetic subjects with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine levels within the reference range.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma CET was 20% higher in T2DM (P = 0.003) coinciding higher cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) mass (P = 0.009) and triglycerides (P = 0.02). In univariate analysis, plasma CET was correlated positively with TSH in T2DM only (r = 0.330, P = 0.004). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed a positive interaction between the presence of T2DM and TSH on plasma CET after controlling for age, sex, body mass index, non-HDL cholesterol, triglycerides and CETP mass (β = 0.167, P = 0.030). The relationship of plasma CET with TSH was also positively modified by plasma glucose and HbA1c (interaction terms: β = 0.119, P = 0.036, β = 0.170, P = 0.001, respectively). Additionally, plasma triglycerides interacted positively with TSH on plasma CET in T2DM (β = 0.198, P = 0.011).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low normal thyroid function, as inferred from higher TSH, confers increased plasma CET in the context of chronic hyperglycemia. Effects of thyroid function on plasma CET may be particularly relevant in hypertriglyceridemic T2DM. Low normal thyroid function could influence atherosclerosis susceptibility in T2DM by affecting the plasma cholesteryl ester transfer process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Michela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Triolo
authors.forename: Arjan J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Kwakernaak
authors.forename: Frank G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Perton
authors.forename: Rindert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: de Vries
authors.forename: Geesje M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Dallinga-Thie
authors.forename: Robin P F
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Dullaart
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D053480:Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012016:Reference Values; D013960:Thyroid Function Tests; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013972:Thyrotropin / Q000097:blood*; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000097:blood*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D053480:Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D013972:Thyrotropin; D013974:Thyroxine; D014280:Triglycerides; C506642:CETP protein, human; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human