title: Comparison of protein patterns between Plasmodium falciparum mutant clone T9/94-M1-1(b3) induced by pyrimethamine and the original parent clone T9/94.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the protein patterns from the extracts of the mutant clone T9/94-M1-1(b3) induced by pyrimethamine, and the original parent clone T9/94 following separation of parasite extracts by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE).
  
  
  METHODS
  Proteins were solubilized and separated according to their charges and sizes. The separated protein spots were then detected by silver staining and analyzed for protein density by the powerful image analysis software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Differentially expressed protein patterns (up- or down-regulation) were separated from the extracts from the two clones. A total of 223 and 134 protein spots were detected from the extracts of T9/94 and T9/94-M1-1(b3) clones, respectively. Marked reduction in density of protein expression was observed with the extract from the mutant (resistant) clone compared with the parent (sensitive) clone. A total of 25 protein spots showed at least two-fold difference in density, some of which exhibited as high as ten-fold difference.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These proteins may be the molecular targets of resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to pyrimethamine. Further study to identify the chemical structures of these proteins by mass spectrometry is required.
authors.affiliation: College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
authors.forename: Kanchana
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rungsihirunrat
authors.forename: Wanna
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chaijaroenkul
authors.forename: Napaporn
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Siripoon
authors.forename: Aree
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Seugorn
authors.forename: Sodsri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thaithong
authors.forename: Kesara
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Na-Bangchang
mesh_terms: D000962:Antimalarials / Q000378:metabolism*; D004351:Drug Resistance; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D009154:Mutation; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D020543:Proteome / Q000032:analysis*; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D011739:Pyrimethamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D013194:Staining and Labeling
chemical_list: D000962:Antimalarials; D020543:Proteome; D015800:Protozoan Proteins; D011739:Pyrimethamine
keywords: Drug resistance; Molecular target; Plasmodium falciparum; Protein; Proteomics; Pyrimethamine