title: NF-κB pathway contributes to cadmium-induced apoptosis of porcine granulosa cells.
abstract: To better understand the mechanism of cadmium (Cd)-induced apoptosis of porcine granulosa cells, we examined the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 subunits intracellular translocation and the expression of some downstream apoptotic-related genes. Apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in porcine granulosa cells exposed to cadmium chloride (CdCl2) were determined by acridine orange/ethidium bromide double staining and 2,7-dichlorodihydro-fluorescein-diacetate oxidation staining, respectively. The results showed that the apoptosis of porcine granulosa cells induced by CdCl2 significantly increased in a time- and dose-dependent manner along with the increasing of ROS production, and 10 μM parthenolide, an inhibitor NF-κB, can accelerate the process of apoptosis. Moreover, immunofluorescence and western blot results showed that CdCl2 could stimulate the translocation of p65 into nucleus in porcine granulosa cells. Furthermore, CdCl2 also significantly stimulate the expression of Bcl-2 proteins in porcine granulosa cells than that in the control. In contrast, we did not find any change of Bax expression in granulosa cells upon exposure of cadmium. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the activation of NF-κB pathway may play a crucial role in cadmium-induced apoptosis of porcine granulosa cells.
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chunqiang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Yuhong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Su
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002104:Cadmium / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D006107:Granulosa Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D016328:NF-kappa B; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; D002104:Cadmium; C002669:parthenolide