title: Chemical characterization of chars developed from thermochemical treatment of Kentucky bluegrass seed screenings.
abstract: Seed mill screenings would be a considerable biofeedstock source for bioenergy and char production. Char produced from the gasification of residues resulting from cleaning of grass seed and small grains could be recycled to a cropping system as a soil amendment if chemical characterization determined that the gasification process had not produced or concentrated deleterious chemical or physical factors that might harm the environment, crop growth or yield. Previous reports have shown that char derived from the pyrolysis of a variety of biomass feedstocks has potential to enhance soil quality by pH adjustment, mineral amendment, and improved soil porosity. The objective of this research was to characterize char produced from Kentucky bluegrass seed mill screenings (KBss) by a small-scale gasification unit, operated at temperatures between 600 and 650°C, with respect to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, selected heavy metals, as well as other physical and chemical characteristics, and determine its suitability for agricultural application as a soil amendment. We utilized KBss as a model for seed and grain-cleaning residues with the understanding that chemical and physical characteristics of char produced by gasification or other cleaning residues may differ based on soil and environmental conditions under which the crops were produced. Our results support the hypothesis that KBss char could be applied in a cropping system without toxic environmental consequences and serve multiple purposes, such as; recycling critical plant macro- and micro-nutrients back to existing cropland, enhancing soil carbon sequestration, managing soil pH, and improving water holding capacity. Crop field trails need to be implemented to further test these hypotheses.
authors.affiliation: USDA Agricultural Research Service, 3450 S.W. Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States. Steve.Griffith@ARS.USDA.GOV
authors.forename: Stephen M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Griffith
authors.forename: Gary M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Banowetz
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gady
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018533:Biomass; D002606:Charcoal / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D031785:Poa / Q000737:chemistry*; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: C540010:biochar; D002606:Charcoal
keywords: Biochar; Bioenergy; Chemical characterization; Feedstock; Gasification