title: Economic evidence on integrated care for stroke patients; a systematic review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Given the high incidence of stroke worldwide and the large costs associated with the use of health care resources, it is important to define cost-effective and evidence-based services for stroke rehabilitation. The objective of this review was to assess the evidence on the relative cost or cost-effectiveness of all integrated care arrangements for stroke patients compared to usual care. Integrated care was defined as a multidisciplinary tool to improve the quality and efficiency of evidence-based care and is used as a communication tool between professionals to manage and standardize the outcome-orientated care.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic literature review of cost analyses and economic evaluations was performed. Study characteristics, study quality and results were summarized.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria; six on early-supported discharge services, four on home-based rehabilitation, two on stroke units and three on stroke services. The follow-up per patient was generally short; one year or less. The comparators and the scope of included costs varied between studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Six out of six studies provided evidence that the costs of early-supported discharge are less than for conventional care, at similar health outcomes. Home-based rehabilitation is unlikely to lead to cost-savings, but achieves better health outcomes. Care in stroke units is more expensive than conventional care, but leads to improved health outcomes. The cost-effectiveness studies on integrated stroke services suggest that they can reduce costs. For future research we recommend to focus on the moderate and severely affected patients, include stroke severity as variable, adopt a societal costing perspective and include long-term costs and effects.
authors.affiliation: Master of Public Health, Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Kanaalstraat 221BIS, 3531 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Johanneke F M M
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Tummers
authors.forename: Augustinus J P
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Schrijvers
authors.forename: Johanna M A
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Visser-Meily
keywords: costs; economics; integrated care; rehabilitation; review; stroke