title: Synthesis of nanostructured porous silica coatings on titanium and their cell adhesive and osteogenic differentiation properties.
abstract: Nanostructured porous silica coatings were synthesized on titanium by the combined sol-gel and evaporation-induced self-assembly process. The silica-coating structures were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and nitrogen sorptometry. The effect of the nanoporous surface on apatite formation in simulated body fluid, protein adsorption, osteoblast cell adhesion behavior, and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) is reported. Silica coatings with highly ordered sub-10 nm porosity accelerate early osteoblast adhesive response, a favorable cell response that is attributed to an indirect effect due to the high protein adsorption observed on the large-specific surface area of the nanoporous coating but is also probably due to direct mechanical stimulus from the nanostructured topography. The nanoporous silica coatings, particularly those doped with calcium and phosphate, also promote the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs with spontaneous mineral nodule formation in basal conditions. The bioactive surface properties exhibited by the nanostructured porous silica coatings make these materials a promising alternative to improve the osseointegration properties of titanium dental implants and could have future impact on the nanoscale design of implant surfaces.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Laboratorio de Nanobiomateriales, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Sergio Livingstone 943, Independencia, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Débora
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Inzunza
authors.forename: Cristian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Covarrubias
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Von Marttens
authors.forename: Yerko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Leighton
authors.forename: Juan Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Carvajal
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Valenzuela
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Díaz-Dosque
authors.forename: Nicolás
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Méndez
authors.forename: Constanza
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.forename: Ana María
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Pino
authors.forename: Juan Pablo
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.forename: Mónica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cáceres
authors.forename: Patricio
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry*; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010012:Osteogenesis; D016062:Porosity; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D014025:Titanium
keywords: cell adhesion; nanotopography; osseointegration; sol–gel technique; titanium