title: Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids increase plasma adiponectin to leptin ratio in stable coronary artery disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Growing evidence suggests a cardioprotective role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). However, the exact mechanisms underlying the effects of omega-3 PUFA in humans have not yet been fully clarified.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We sought to evaluate omega-3 PUFA-mediated effects on adipokines in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study, in which adiponectin, leptin and resistin were determined at baseline, 3-5 days and 30 days during administration of omega-3 PUFA 1 g/day (n=20) or placebo (n=28).
  
  
  RESULTS
  As compared to controls administration of omega-3 PUFA resulted in increase of adiponectin by 13.4% (P<0.0001), reduction of leptin by 22% (P<0.0001) and increase of adiponectin to leptin (A/L) ratio by 45.5% (P<0.0001) at 30 days, but not at 3-5 days. Compared with placebo adiponectin was 12.7% higher (P=0.0042), leptin was 16.7% lower (P<0.0001) and A/L ratio was 33.3% higher (P<0.0001) in the omega-3 PUFA group at 30 days. Resistin decreased similarly in both groups after 1 month, without intergroup differences (P=0.32). The multivariate model showed that the independent predictors of changes in adiponectin at 1 month (P<0.001) were: omega-3 PUFA treatment, baseline platelet count, total cholesterol and those in leptin (P<0.0001) were: omega-3 PUFA treatment and waist circumference. Independent predictors of A/L ratio changes (P<0.0001) were: assigned treatment, current smoking and hyperlipidemia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In high risk stable coronary patients after PCI omega-3 PUFA supplementation improves adipokine profile in circulating blood. This might be a novel, favourable mechanism of omega-3 PUFA action.
authors.affiliation: Department of Coronary Disease, Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, John Paul II Hospital, Pradnicka 80 st, 31-202, Krakow, Poland. magda.mostowik@gmail.com
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mostowik
authors.forename: Grzegorz
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gajos
authors.forename: Jaroslaw
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zalewski
authors.forename: Jadwiga
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nessler
authors.forename: Anetta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Undas
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood*; D000368:Aged; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D062645:Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; D052243:Resistin / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D020738:Leptin; D052243:Resistin