title: The pathogenesis of endometrial polyps: a systematic semi-quantitative review.
abstract: The pathogenesis and natural history of endometrial polyps are not very clear. The objective of this study was to assess the opinions of international medical literature regarding the factors involved in the pathogenesis of endometrial polyps and to organize the results consistently with what is known about endometrial physiology.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic review was carried out with the following search engines: PubMed, OVID, Scopus, SCIELO, and AJOL. Two hundreds forty-six abstracts were selected from the literature; of these abstracts, 58 factors were extracted and set as causative, non-causative, unclear or protective link with endometrial polyps. This relation is described through a correspondence analysis and tested with a main effect hierarchical log-linear model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The log-linear model resulted significant for the correspondence found with the following factors: (i) causative link (ageing, bcl-2 protein, excess weight/obesity, tamoxifen regardless of timing, relationship between estrogen receptors and prog-estinics, unbalanced estrogen therapy, estrogen-like effect, and unbalance between estrogens and progestinics), (ii) protective link (progestinics, antiestrogenic action), (iii) unclear link (menopause, ki-67 protein, angiogenesis, tamoxifen for a short time, tamoxifen for a long time, hormone replacement therapy (HRT), endometritis/inflammation), and (iv) non-causative link (none of the factors specifically).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Subsequently to a review of the physiology of the endometrium, the onsetting of endometrial polyps was suggested through estrogen-related and non-estrogen related ways; the two ways can overlap. The most implied factors in the development of endometrial polyps are linked with one of these or both ways.
authors.affiliation: Operative Unit Complex of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Civitanova Marche, Area Vasta 3, Marche, Italy. ugo.indraccolo@libero.it
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Indraccolo
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Di Iorio
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matteo
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Corona
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Greco
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Indraccolo
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology*; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000502:physiology; D011127:Polyps / Q000209:etiology*; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000502:physiology; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000502:physiology; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators