title: Pharmacognostic evaluation of Cayratia trifolia (Linn.) leaf.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present a detailed pharmacognostic study of the leaf of Cayratia trifolia (C. trifolia) Linn. (Vitaceae), an important plant in the Indian system of medicine.
  
  
  METHODS
  The macroscopy, microscopy, physiochemical analysis, preliminary testing, fluorescence analysis of powder of the plant and other WHO recommended methods for standardization were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Leaves are trifoliolated with petioles (2-3 cm) long. Leaflets are ovate to oblong-ovate, (2-8 cm) long, (1.5-5 cm) wide, pointed at the tip. The leaf surface shows the anisocytic type stomata covered with guard cells followed by epidermis layer. Leaf surface contents including veins, vein islet and vein termination were also determined. Transverse section of leaf shows the epidermis layer followed by cuticle layer and vascular bandles (xylem and phloem). The mesophyll is differentiated into palisade and spongy parenchyma. Abundant covering trichomes emerge from the upper epidermis. Trichomes are uniseriate and multicellular. Strips of collenchyma are present below and upper layer of epidermis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It can be concluded that the pharmacognostic profile of the C. trifolia is helpful in developing standards for quality, purity and sample identification.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacognsoy & Phytochemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra-136119, Haryana, India.
authors.forename: Dinesh
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Jyoti
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Sunil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Renu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Arya
authors.forename: Tarun
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Ankit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gupta
mesh_terms: D007194:India; D010598:Pharmacognosy / Q000379:methods*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D027844:Vitaceae / Q000033:anatomy & histology*
keywords: Cayratia trifolia; Leaf; Microscopic; Pharmacognostic; Physiochemical analysis; Preliminary testing; Vitaceae