title: Review of the cost effectiveness of pharmacogenetic-guided treatment of hypercholesterolaemia.
abstract: Hypercholesterolaemia is a highly prevalent condition that has major health and cost implications for society. Pharmacotherapy is an important and effective treatment modality for hypercholesterolaemia, with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors ('statins') the most commonly used class of drugs. Over the past decade, there has been intensive research to identify pharmacogenetic markers to guide treatment of hypercholesterolaemia. This study aimed to review the evidence of incremental cost, effect and cost effectiveness of pharmacogenetic-guided treatment of hypercholesterolaemia. Three cost-effectiveness analyses (CEAs) were identified that studied the value of screening for genotypes of angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE), cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), and kinesin family member 6 (KIF6) prior to initiating statin therapy. For all three CEAs, a major limitation identified was the reproducibility of the evidence supporting the clinical effect of screening for the pharmacogenetic marker. Associated issues included the uncertain value of pharmacogenetic markers over or in addition to existing approaches for monitoring lipid levels, and the lack of evidence to assess the effectiveness of alternative therapeutic options for individuals identified as poor responders to statin therapy. Finally, the economic context of the market for diagnostic tests (is it competitive or is there market power?) and the practicality of large-scale screening programmes to inform prescribing in a complex and varied market may limit the generalizability of the results of the specific CEAs to policy outcomes. The genotype of solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1 (SLCO1B1) has recently been associated with increased risk of muscle toxicity with statin therapy and the review identified that exploration of cost effectiveness of this pharmacogenetic marker is likely warranted.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences and Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia. michael.sorich@unisa.edu.au
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Sorich
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Wiese
authors.forename: Rebekah L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: O'Shea
authors.forename: Brita
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pekarsky
mesh_terms: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D053480:Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics / Q000235:genetics; D016547:Kinesins / Q000235:genetics; D027381:Liver-Specific Organic Anion Transporter 1; D027361:Organic Anion Transporters / Q000235:genetics; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics; D010597:Pharmacogenetics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D053480:Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D027381:Liver-Specific Organic Anion Transporter 1; D027361:Organic Anion Transporters; C503999:SLCO1B1 protein, human; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A; C526774:KIF6 protein, human; D016547:Kinesins