title: [Phantom limb pain. Psychological treatment strategies].
abstract: Similar to other pain syndromes phantom limb pain is characterized by learning and memory processes that maintain the pain and increase maladaptive plastic changes of the brain: therefore, psychological interventions that change maladaptive memory processes are useful. In addition to traditional psychological interventions, such as pain management training and biofeedback, more recent developments that involve sensory discrimination training, mirror treatment, graded motor imagery, prosthesis training and training in virtual reality are interesting. These interventions not only reduce phantom limb pain but also reverse the associated maladaptive brain changes.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Neuropsychologie und Klinische Psychologie, Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany. martin.diers@zi-mannheim.de
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Diers
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Flor
mesh_terms: D001186:Artificial Limbs; D001364:Awareness / Q000502:physiology; D001521:Behavior Therapy; D017028:Caregivers / Q000193:education / Q000523:psychology; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000379:methods; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D055809:Illness Behavior; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009416:Nerve Regeneration / Q000502:physiology; D058765:Neurofeedback; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000502:physiology; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual / Q000502:physiology; D010591:Phantom Limb / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D011580:Psychological Techniques; D013003:Somatosensory Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology