title: Prevalence and ergonomic risk factors of work-related musculoskeletal injuries amongst underground mine workers in Zambia.
abstract: Work-related musculoskeletal injuries (WMSIs) are common in both developed and third world countries. Most researchers agree that exposure to ergonomic risk factors is a major contributor to these injuries.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of and ergonomic risk factors associated with WMSIs amongst underground mine workers in Kitwe, Zambia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted using a sample size of 500 workers. A stratified random sampling method according to mining work activity type was used to obtain the sample. Data was collected by means of a structured questionnaire, and the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyze data using descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Results were significant at 5%.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A response rate of 40.4% (202) was obtained. The 12-month prevalence of WMSIs was 42.6%. The mean age of the workers was 40.31 years (SD +/- 8.57 years). Electricians and mechanics reported the highest injury frequencies. The back was the most affected body part. Ergonomic risk factors consistently reported by workers included poor postures and heavy lifting. There were significant (p=0.020) associations between working with the back bent and sustaining a back injury. Significant (p=0.049) associations were also found between injuries of the wrists/hands and grasping an unsupported object(s).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study revealed significant associations between WMSIs and ergonomic risk factors like working with the back bent and grasping objects.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kunda
authors.forename: Josè
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Frantz
authors.forename: Farhana
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Karachi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006804:Ergonomics; D006801:Humans; D017770:Lifting / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008906:Mining; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D016272:Occupational Health; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology; D015995:Prevalence; D011897:Random Allocation; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013180:Sprains and Strains / Q000453:epidemiology; D014732:Vibration / Q000009:adverse effects; D015024:Zambia / Q000453:epidemiology