title: Assessment of in vitro sensitivity of Plasmodium vivax fresh isolates.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the applicability of the SYBR Green-I assay with the standard schizont maturation assay, for determination of sensitivity of Plasmodium vivax (P. vivax) to chloroquine and a new antifolate WR 99210.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted at Mae Tao Clinic for migrant workers, Tak Province during April 2009 to July 2010. A total of 64 blood samples (1 mL blood collected into sodium heparinized plastic tube) were collected from patients with mono-infection with P. vivax malaria prior to treatment with standard regimen of a 3-day chloroquine. In vitro sensitivity of P. vivax isolates was evaluated by schizont maturation inhibition and SYBR Green-I assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 30 out of 64 blood samples collected from patients with P. vivax malaria were successfully analyzed using both the microscopic schizont maturation inhibition and SYBR Green-I assays. The failure rates of the schizont maturation inhibition assay (50%) and the SYBR Green-I assay (54%) were similar (P=0.51). The median IC10s, IC50s and IC90s of both chloroquine and WR99210 were not significantly different from the clinical isolates of P. vivax tested. Based on the cut-off of 100 nM, the prevalences of chloroquine resistance determined by schizont maturation inhibition and SYBR Green-I assays were 19 and 11 isolates, respectively. The strength of agreement between the two methods was very poor for both chloroquine and WR99210.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  On the basis of this condition and its superior sensitivity, the microscopic method appears better than the SYBR Green-I Green assay for assessing in vitro sensitivity of fresh P. vivax isolates to antimalarial drugs.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Thammasat University, Thailand.
authors.forename: Poonuch
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Muhamad
authors.forename: Wanna
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chacharoenkul
authors.forename: Kanchana
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rungsihirunrat
authors.forename: Ronnatrai
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ruengweerayut
authors.forename: Kesara
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Na-Bangchang
mesh_terms: D000962:Antimalarials / Q000494:pharmacology*; D052160:Benzothiazoles; D002738:Chloroquine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003959:Diamines; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D016780:Malaria, Vivax / Q000469:parasitology*; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D018512:Parasitemia / Q000469:parasitology; D021261:Parasitic Sensitivity Tests; D010966:Plasmodium vivax / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011804:Quinolines; D052939:Schizonts / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000962:Antimalarials; D052160:Benzothiazoles; D003959:Diamines; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D011804:Quinolines; C098022:SYBR Green I; D002738:Chloroquine
keywords: Antifolate; Antimalarial drug; Chloroquine; Fresh isolate; In vitro sensitivity; Malaria; Plasmodium vivax; SYBR Green-I assay; Schizont maturation inhibition assay; Standard regimen