title: Maternal diabetes causes abnormal dynamic changes of endoplasmic reticulum during mouse oocyte maturation and early embryo development.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The adverse effects of maternal diabetes on oocyte maturation and embryo development have been reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, we used time-lapse live cell imaging confocal microscopy to investigate the dynamic changes of ER and the effects of diabetes on the ER's structural dynamics during oocyte maturation, fertilization and early embryo development.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We report that the ER first became remodeled into a dense ring around the developing MI spindle, and then surrounded the spindle during migration to the cortex. ER reorganization during mouse early embryo development was characterized by striking localization around the pronuclei in the equatorial section, in addition to larger areas of fluorescence deeper within the cytoplasm. In contrast, in diabetic mice, the ER displayed a significantly higher percentage of homogeneous distribution patterns throughout the entire ooplasm during oocyte maturation and early embryo development. In addition, a higher frequency of large ER aggregations was detected in GV oocytes and two cell embryos from diabetic mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that the diabetic condition adversely affects the ER distribution pattern during mouse oocyte maturation and early embryo development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Medical Center of Peking University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Chun-Hui
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Wei-Ping
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: Shu-Tao
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.forename: Zhao-Jia
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.forename: Ling-Jiang
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Min
authors.forename: Xiu-Lang
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Jing-Ping
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Ying-Chun
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Ouyang
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: Heide
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schatten
authors.forename: Qing-Yuan
authors.initials: QY
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000502:physiology*; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D009865:Oocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013997:Time Factors; D059008:Time-Lapse Imaging