title: An investigation of hypofrontality in an animal model of schizophrenia using real-time microelectrochemical sensors for glucose, oxygen, and nitric oxide.
abstract: Glucose, O2, and nitric oxide (NO) were monitored in real time in the prefrontal cortex of freely moving animals using microelectrochemical sensors following phencyclidine (PCP) administration. Injection of saline controls produced a decrease in glucose and increases in both O2 and NO. These changes were short-lived and typical of injection stress, lasting ca. 30 s for glucose and between 2 and 6 min for O2 and NO, respectively. Subchronic PCP (10 mg/kg) resulted in increased motor activity and increases in all three analytes lasting several hours: O2 and glucose were uncoupled with O2 increasing rapidly following injection reaching a maximum of 70% (ca. 62 μM) after ca. 15 min and then slowly returning to baseline over a period of ca. 3 h. The time course of changes in glucose and NO were similar; both signals increased gradually over the first hour post injection reaching maxima of 55% (ca. 982 μM) and 8% (ca. 31 nM), respectively, and remaining elevated to within 1 h of returning to baseline levels (after ca. 5 and 7 h, respectively). While supporting increased utilization of glucose and O2 and suggesting overcompensating supply mechanisms, this neurochemical data indicates a hyperfrontal effect following acute PCP administration which is potentially mediated by NO. It also confirms that long-term in vivo electrochemical sensors and data offer a real-time biochemical perspective of the underlying mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, National University of Ireland-Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland.
authors.forename: Niall J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Finnerty
authors.forename: Fiachra B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Bolger
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pålsson
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Lowry
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006213:Hallucinogens / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D010622:Phencyclidine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D006213:Hallucinogens; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D005947:Glucose; D010622:Phencyclidine; D010100:Oxygen