title: Association between cystatin C and arteriosclerosis in the absence of chronic kidney disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Cystatin C was recently reported to be an endogenous surrogate of kidney function, and a high level of cystatin C is reported to be a strong predictor of CVD; however, the association between cystatin C and arteriosclerosis in a non-CKD population is unclear. This study aimed to clarify the association between cystatin C and arteriosclerosis in a non-CKD population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of the 637 Japanese adults (264 men, 373 women) enrolled, we analyzed 446 participants with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) >60 mL/min and no proteinuria (177 men, 269 women) without a history of CVD. Kidney function was evaluated according to serum cystatin C levels and eGFR. Arteriosclerosis was evaluated on the basis of the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of our subjects was 67.0±10.0 years. No variables showed any significant differences according to gender. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed a significant correlation between serum cystatin C and CAVI only in women, but not CIMT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We observed a significant correlation between cystatin C and CAVI, which is a marker of early-stage arteriosclerosis, in women in a non-CKD population with no proteinuria and eGFR>60 mL/min.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: Tomoya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishino
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Obata
authors.forename: Mio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakazato
authors.forename: Keita
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Furusu
authors.forename: Noboru
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takamura
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ozono
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kohno
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D055316:Cystatin C / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D059289:Vascular Stiffness
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D055316:Cystatin C