title: Duration of breast-feeding and cardiovascular risk factors among Iranian children and adolescents: the CASPIAN III study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Studies examining the relationship between breast-feeding (BF) duration and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors have reached contradictory results. This study aims to investigate the relationship between BF duration and CVD risk factors in adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  This national population-based study was conducted among 5258 Iranian students, ages 10 to 18 y living in central cities of 27 provinces of Iran. Association was examined between duration of BF and adolescent blood pressure, overweight, obesity, and fasting blood glucose and lipid profiles. Analyses were adjusted for potential confounders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Low birth weight was less frequent in the longer than in the shorter BF duration categories (P < 0.0001). Number of children was lower in individuals with longer BF duration (P = 0.01). Individuals with longer BF duration used more homemade food than those with shorter BF duration (P < 0.0001). Means of total cholesterol and systolic blood pressure were lower in participants with the longest BF period compared with those with the shortest BF duration; this difference was marginally significant (P = 0.06). No significant association was found between BF duration and CVD risk factors in logistic regression after adjustment for potential confounders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the long-term benefits of BF on preventing CVDs are well documented, controversies exist as to the association of BF duration with such beneficial effects. In this study, there was no substantial evidence that longer BF duration was protective against CVD risk factors among adolescents. More prospective studies are recommended to clarify this association.
authors.affiliation: Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Vajihe
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Izadi
authors.forename: Roya
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kelishadi
authors.forename: Mostafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Qorbani
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Esmaeilmotlagh
authors.forename: Mahnaz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taslimi
authors.forename: Ramin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Heshmat
authors.forename: Gelayol
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ardalan
authors.forename: Leila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Azadbakht
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001942:Breast Feeding; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology; D002648:Child; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology; D007223:Infant; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007492:Iran; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D002784:Cholesterol