title: Transcript and protein profiling analysis of the Destruxin A-induced response in larvae of Plutella xylostella.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Destruxins (dtxs) are the mycotoxin produced by certain entomopathogenic fungi, such as Metarhizium anisopliae, Aschersonia sp, Alternaria brassicae and Ophiosphaerella herpotrichae. It can affect a wide variety of biological processes in insects, including innate immune, Ca(2+) channel in cells, and apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Dtxs have been used as biological control agent for a long time, however, their molecular mechanism of action is still unknown.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study, both digital gene expression (DGE) and two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) approaches were adopted to examine the effects of dtx A on Plutella xyllostella (L.) larvae. By using DGE and 2-DE analyses, 1584 genes and 42 protein points were identified as being up- or down regulated at least 2-fold in response to dtx A. Firstly, injection of dtx A to larvae accelerated the increase of peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP), which could activate the Toll signal pathway inducing production of antibacterial substances such as cecropin and gloverin. Dtx A also stimulated prophenoloxidase (proPO) system which plays an important role in innate immunity and leads to melanization of external organisms. Secondly, dtx A suppressed the expression of genes related to the Toll pathway, and induced expression of serine proteinase inhibitors (serpins), especially the serpin 2 that blocked process of the proPO system. Finally, other physiological process like xenobiotics detoxification, apoptosis, calcium signaling pathway and insect hormone biosynthesis, were also mediated in response to dtx A toxicity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transcript and protein profiling analyses will provide an insight into the potential molecular mechanism of action in P. xylostella larvae in response to dtx A.
authors.affiliation: Engineering Research Center of Biological Control, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University (SCAU), Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Pengfei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Fengliang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Xiaolin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Jiqiao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Baoli
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.forename: Shunxiang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ren
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004156:Catechol Oxidase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D047630:Depsipeptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D004792:Enzyme Precursors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007915:Lepidoptera / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D040901:Proteomics; D015843:Serpins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D047630:Depsipeptides; D004792:Enzyme Precursors; D019476:Insect Proteins; D009183:Mycotoxins; D015843:Serpins; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; C118897:peptidoglycan recognition protein; C434683:serpin-2; C040423:destruxin A; C038451:pro-phenoloxidase; D004156:Catechol Oxidase