title: Tunable lenses using transparent dielectric elastomer actuators.
abstract: Focus tunable, adaptive lenses provide several advantages over traditional lens assemblies in terms of compactness, cost, efficiency, and flexibility. To further improve the simplicity and compact nature of adaptive lenses, we present an elastomer-liquid lens system which makes use of an inline, transparent electroactive polymer actuator. The lens requires only a minimal number of components: a frame, a passive membrane, a dielectric elastomer actuator membrane, and a clear liquid. The focal length variation was recorded to be greater than 100% with this system, responding in less than one second. Through the analysis of membrane deformation within geometrical constraints, it is shown that by selecting appropriate lens dimensions, even larger focusing dynamic ranges can be achieved.
authors.affiliation: School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA. sshian@seas.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shian
authors.forename: Roger M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Diebold
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Clarke
mesh_terms: D020724:Elastomers / Q000737:chemistry*; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D007909:Lenses; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D012031:Refractometry / Q000295:instrumentation*
chemical_list: D020724:Elastomers; D008567:Membranes, Artificial