title: Echocardiographic left ventricular end-diastolic pressure volume loop estimate predicts survival in congestive heart failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The left ventricular end-diastolic pressure-volume relationship (LV-EDPVR) is a measure of LV distensibility, conveying the size the LV will assume at a given LV end-diastolic pressure (LV-EDP). Measurement of LV-EDPVR requires invasive testing with specialized equipment. Echocardiography can be used to measure LV end-diastolic volume (EDV) and to grossly estimate LV-EDP noninvasively. We therefore hypothesized that categorization of patients based on these parameters to create an estimate of the end-diastolic pressure-volume loop position (EDPVE) could predict congestive heart failure (CHF) prognosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Echocardiograms from 968 CHF clinic patients were reviewed. LV-EDP was considered to be elevated if mitral filling pattern was pseudo-normal or restrictive. EDPVE was categorized into 3 groups. EDPVE was considered to have evidence of rightward shift if the LV was severely dilated (>97 mL/m(2)). EDPVE was considered to have evidence of leftward shift if the LV was normal size (<76 mL/m(2)) and there was Doppler evidence of increased LV-EDP. Patients who did not meet criteria for leftward or rightward shift were classified as "intermediate." Using the intermediate group for comparison, those with evidence of leftward shift in EDPVE had increased mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 1.77; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.23-2.54). Rightward shift only correlated with increased mortality in those older than age 70 years. Leftward shift remained an independent predictor of mortality even after adjusting for LV ejection fraction, atrial fibrillation, mitral regurgitation, and Doppler indices of diastolic dysfunction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EDPVE is a strong predictor of CHF survival which is independent of LV ejection fraction and traditional Doppler indices of LV diastolic function.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA. dspevack@montefiore.org
authors.forename: Daniel M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Spevack
authors.forename: Justin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Karl
authors.forename: Neeraja
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yedlapati
authors.forename: Ythan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Goldberg
authors.forename: Mario J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Garcia
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000639:trends; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000401:mortality*; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology*; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends