title: Microleakage of class V resin composites using various self-etching adhesives: an in vitro study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Microleakage has been identified as a significant problem with composite restorations because of interfacial gap formation which can result in tooth discoloration, recurrent caries, possible pulpal involvement and restoration replacement. Aim of this study is to evaluate the microleakage of self-etch adhesive system at the coronal and apical margins of class V resin composite restorations under stereomicroscope at 20× magnification.
  
  
  METHODS
  Class V cavities were prepared on the facial surfaces of 48 human premolars with coronal margins located in enamel and apical margins located in dentin. Teeth were divided into four groups: Group one-Xeno V; group two- G-Bond; group three-Clearfil S(3) Bond; group four-control. After application of bonding agent and restoration, the teeth were subjected to thermocycling. The teeth were then immersed in 1% aqueous solution of methylene blue dye for 24 hours and sectioned to allow the assessment of microleakage under microscope.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Coronal and apical margins were scored separately using a 0-3 ordinal ranking system and the recorded values were statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis, Mann- Whitney U-test and Wilcoxon signed rank test. Statistical analysis showed that there was less microleakage in Xeno V at coronal region and Clearfil S(3) Bond in apical region, overall Clearfil S(3) Bond showed less marginal permeability in both coronal and apical regions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Specimens restored with the Xeno V and Clearfil S(3) Bond adhesive systems revealed reduced leakage at the coronal margin. At the apical margin, Xeno V showed greater leakage than the other groups, except the control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In class V restorations restored with composite resin, the choice of material affects the microleakage and retention of the restoration. This study theorizes that the self-etch adhesives show less microleakage in the coronal area than the apical margin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. kamineni.endodontics@gmail.com
authors.forename: P V Ravi
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Chandra
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Harikumar
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ramkiran
authors.forename: M J N
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Krishna
authors.forename: M Veerabhadra
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Gouda
mesh_terms: D004396:Coloring Agents; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003737:Dental Cavity Preparation / Q000145:classification*; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003763:Dental Leakage / Q000145:classification*; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D003804:Dentin / Q000648:ultrastructure; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D008751:Methylene Blue; D010539:Permeability; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: C505694:Clearfil S3 Bond; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003188:Composite Resins; D003738:Dental Cements; D003764:Dental Materials; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; C498353:G-Bond; D008689:Methacrylates; D019279:Resin Cements; C575872:Xeno V; D008751:Methylene Blue