title: [Takotsubo syndrome. Transient left ventricular dyskinesia].
abstract: The Takotsubo syndrome, also called transient apical dyskinesia syndrome, was first described in Japan in the 1990s. It is a rare entity found in almost 1% of all patients with suspicion of acute coronary syndrome. It usually affects postmenopausal women with a few cardiovascular risk factors. It is characterized by angina-type chest pain, electrocardiographic changes, elevation of the enzymes of myocardial injury, absence of coronary obstruction on angiography, and a characteristic left ventricular anteroapical dyskinesia, which returns to normal within a few days. Severe emotional stress is the most common trigger for this syndrome. The aetiopathogenesis of this syndrome remains to be defined. This syndrome has been considered a clinical condition since 2001, when a series of 88 cases was published. It is a disease with a partially known mechanism, characterised by the morphology adopted by the left ventricle secondary to hypokinesis or dyskinesia of the apical segments, and hypercontractility of basal segments. Unlike acute coronary syndrome, patients with left ventricle dysfunction do not have atherothrombotic disease in the coronary arteries. In addition, the alterations described are reversible. Some clinical diagnostic criteria have been proposed, although they are still controversial, as well as in the complementary examinations required for diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Emergencias, Empresa Pública de Emergencias Sanitarias de Andalucía, Servicio Provincial de Cádiz, Cádiz, España. Electronic address: anibal.barca.221@gmail.com.
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Pérez Pérez
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Enfermería, Empresa Pública de Emergencias Sanitarias de Andalucía, Servicio Provincial de Cádiz, Cádiz, España.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sánchez Salado
mesh_terms: D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017698:Postmenopause; D012307:Risk Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications; D054549:Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000503:physiopathology*
keywords: Acute coronary syndrome; Ballooning syndrome; Cardiomiopatía de Tako-Tsubo; Síndrome coronario agudo; Síndrome de Tako-Tsubo; Síndrome de ballooning; Síndrome de discinesia transitoria del izquierdo; Síndrome de disfunción apical transitoria; Takotsubo cardiomyopathy; Takotsubo syndrome; Transient apical dysfunction syndrome; Transient left ventricular dyskinesia