title: Combinatorial treatment of tart cherry extract and essential fatty acids reduces cognitive impairments and inflammation in the mu-p75 saporin-induced mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects more than five million Americans and is characterized by a progressive loss of memory, loss of cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain, formation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, and an increase in oxidative stress. Recent studies indicate that dietary supplements of antioxidants and omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids may reduce the cognitive deficits in AD patients. The current study tested a combinatorial treatment of antioxidants from tart cherry extract and essential fatty acids from Nordic fish and emu oils for reducing cognitive deficits in the mu-p75 saporin (SAP)-induced mouse model of AD. Mice were given daily gavage treatments of Cerise(®) Total-Body-Rhythm™ (TBR; containing tart cherry extract, Nordic fish oil, and refined emu oil) or vehicle (methylcellulose) for 2 weeks before intracerebroventricular injections of the cholinergic toxin, mu-p75 SAP, or phosphate-buffered saline. The TBR treatments continued for an additional 17 days, when the mice were tested on a battery of cognitive and motor tasks. Results indicate that TBR decreased the SAP-induced cognitive deficits assessed by the object-recognition, place-recognition, and Morris-water-maze tasks. Histological examination of the brain tissue indicated that TBR protected against SAP-induced inflammatory response and loss of cholinergic neurons in the area around the medial septum. These findings indicate that TBR has the potential to serve as an adjunctive treatment which may help reduce the severity of cognitive deficits in disorders involving cholinergic deficits, such as AD.
authors.affiliation: Field Neurosciences Laboratory for Restorative Neurology, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, Michigan 48859, USA.
authors.forename: Jessica J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Matchynski
authors.forename: Steven A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Lowrance
authors.forename: Colleen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pappas
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rossignol
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Puckett
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sandstrom
authors.forename: Gary L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Dunbar
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D020312:Dromaiidae; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005228:Fatty Acids, Essential / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D027861:Prunus / Q000737:chemistry*; D021641:Recognition, Psychology / Q000187:drug effects; D054789:Ribosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 1; D000076985:Saporins
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005228:Fatty Acids, Essential; D005395:Fish Oils; D010936:Plant Extracts; D054789:Ribosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 1; D000076985:Saporins