title: The effect of a primary sexual reward manipulation on cortisol responses to psychosocial stress in men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although previous research provides evidence for the role of rewarding activities in reducing hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis responses to stress, no studies have tested whether rewards can buffer cortisol responses in humans undergoing social stressors.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study experimentally investigated whether viewing appetitive rewarding pictures reduces cortisol responses to an acute stress challenge. Fifty-four heterosexual men were randomly assigned to view either mildly erotic (reward) or neutral images (control) of mixed-sex couples before completing the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants in the reward condition had significantly lower area-under-the-curve cortisol reactivity to the TSST (mean [M] = 363.46) in comparison with participants in the control group (M = 807.06; F(1,46) = 4.84, p = .033, η(2) = 0.095). Reward participants also had improved cognitive performance on the math portion of the TSST (M = 20.74) in comparison with control participants (M = 13.82; F(44) = 5.44, p = .024, η(2) = 0.11). The stress-buffering effects of reward were specific to hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis reactivity: the reward and control groups did not differ on psychological perceptions of anticipatory or poststress perceptions, heart rate, or blood pressure responses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This research provides the first evidence linking the experience of reward with reduced stress reactivity in humans and suggests a potential novel reward pathway for coping under stress.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, USA. creswell@cmu.edu
authors.forename: J David
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Creswell
authors.forename: Laura E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Pacilio
authors.forename: Thomas F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Denson
authors.forename: Maureen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Satyshur
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological / Q000502:physiology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D004882:Erotica / Q000523:psychology*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D020010:Heterosexuality; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000378:metabolism*; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000503:physiopathology; D007989:Libido / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008571:Men / Q000523:psychology*; D010913:Pituitary-Adrenal System / Q000503:physiopathology; D011581:Psychological Tests; D011584:Psychology; D012063:Relaxation / Q000502:physiology*; D012201:Reward; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D006854:Hydrocortisone
keywords: HPA axis; Trier Social Stress Test; reward; stress