title: Cultural differences in rated typicality and perceived causes of memory changes in adulthood.
abstract: This study examined cultural differences in stereotypes and attributions regarding aging and memory. Two subcultures belonging to the same country, Italy, were compared on general beliefs about memory. Sardinians live longer than other areas of Italy, which is a publically shared fact that informs stereotypes about that subculture. An innovative instrument evaluating simultaneously aging stereotypes and attributions about memory and memory change in adulthood was administered to 52 Sardinian participants and 52 Milanese individuals divided into three age groups: young (20-30), young-old (60-70), and old-old (71-85) adults. Both Milanese and Sardinians reported that memory decline across the life span is more typical than a pattern of stability or improvement. However, Sardinians viewed stability and improvement in memory as more typical than did the Milanese. Interestingly, cultural differences emerged in attributions about memory improvement. Although all Sardinian age groups rated nutrition and heredity as relevant causes in determining the memory decline, Sardinians' rated typicality of life-span memory improvement correlated strongly with causal attributions to a wide number of factors, including nutrition and heredity.
authors.affiliation: Brain Connectivity Center, IRCCS Casimiro Mondino, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bottiroli
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cavallini
authors.forename: Maria Chiara
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Fastame
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hertzog
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology; D003469:Culture; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D007807:Language Tests; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D013240:Stereotyping; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Aging stereotypes; Cultural differences; Memory attributions