title: Single-step sulfo-selenization method to synthesize Cu2ZnSn(S(y)Se(1-y))4 absorbers from metallic stack precursors.
abstract: Pentenary Cu2ZnSn(S(y)Se(1-y))4 (kesterite) photovoltaic absorbers are synthesized by a one-step annealing process from copper-poor and zinc-rich precursor metallic stacks prepared by direct-current magnetron sputtering deposition. Depending on the chalcogen source--mixtures of sulfur and selenium powders, or selenium disulfide--as well as the annealing temperature and pressure, this simple methodology permits the tuning of the absorber composition from sulfur-rich to selenium-rich in one single annealing process. The impact of the thermal treatment variables on chalcogenide incorporation is investigated. The effect of the S/(S+Se) compositional ratio on the structural and morphological properties of the as-grown films, and the optoelectronic parameters of solar cells fabricated using these absorber films is studied. Using this single-step sulfo-selenization method, pentenary kesterite-based devices with conversion efficiencies up to 4.4 % are obtained.
authors.affiliation: Advanced Materials for Energy, Catalonia Institute for Energy Research, Jardins de les Dones de Negre 1, 2pl, 08930 Sant Adrià del Besòs, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fairbrother
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fontané
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Izquierdo-Roca
authors.forename: Moises
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Espindola-Rodriguez
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: López-Marino
authors.forename: Marcel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Placidi
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: López-García
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pérez-Rodríguez
authors.forename: Edgardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Saucedo