title: A correlation study between multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes incidences and geochemical data in Europe.
abstract: Complex multifactorial disorders usually arise in individuals genetically at risk in the presence of permissive environmental factors. For many of these diseases, predisposing gene variants are partly known while the identification of the environmental component is much more difficult. This study aims to investigate whether there are correlations between the incidence of two complex traits, multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes, and some chemical elements and compounds present in soils and stream sediments in Europe. Data were obtained from the published literature and analyzed by calculating the mean values of each element and of disease incidence for each Country, respectively, 17 for multiple sclerosis and 21 for type 1 diabetes. Correlation matrices and regression analyses were used in order to compare incidence data and geochemical data. R correlation index and significance were evaluated. The analyses performed in this study have revealed significant positive correlations between barium and sodium oxide on one hand and multiple sclerosis and diabetes incidences on the other hand that may suggest interactions to be evaluated between silicon-rich lithologies and/or marine environments. The negative correlations shown by cobalt, chromium and nickel (typical of silicon-poor environment), which in this case can be interpreted as protective effects against the two diseases onset, make the split between favorable and protective environments even more obvious. In conclusion, if other studies will confirm the involvement of the above elements and compounds in the etiology of these pathologies, then it will be possible to plan strategies to reduce the spread of these serious pandemics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil-Environmental Engineering and Architecture, University of Cagliari, Via Marengo 3, 09123, Cagliari, Italy, pvalera@unica.it.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Valera
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zavattari
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Albanese
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cicchella
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dinelli
authors.forename: Annamaria
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.forename: Benedetto
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: De Vivo
mesh_terms: D002857:Chromium / Q000032:analysis; D003035:Cobalt / Q000032:analysis; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000032:analysis; D005844:Geology / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009532:Nickel / Q000032:analysis; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission
chemical_list: D012987:Soil; D002857:Chromium; D003035:Cobalt; D009532:Nickel