title: Comparison of the serious injury pattern of adult bicyclists, between South-West Netherlands and the State of Victoria, Australia 2001-2009.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Head injury is the leading cause of death and long term disability from bicycle injuries and may be prevented by helmet wearing. We compared the pattern of injury in major trauma victims resulting from bicyclist injury admitted to hospitals in the State of Victoria, Australia and South-West Netherlands, with respective high and low prevalence of helmet use among bicyclists.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort of bicycle injured patients with serious injury (defined as Injury Severity Score>15) in South-West Netherlands, was compared to a cohort of serious injured bicyclists in the State of Victoria, Australia. Additionally, the cohorts of patients with serious injury admitted to a Dutch level 1 trauma centre in Rotterdam, the Netherlands and an Australian level 1 trauma centre in Melbourne, Australia were compared. Both cohorts included patients admitted between July 2001 and June 2009. Primary outcome was in-hospital mortality and secondary outcome was prevalence of severe injury per body region. Outcome was compared using univariate analysis and mortality outcomes were also calculated using multivariable logistic regression models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 219 cases in South-West Netherlands and 500 cases in Victoria were analyzed. Further analyses comparing the major trauma centres in each region, showed the percentage of bicycle-related death was higher in the Dutch population than in the Australian (n=45 (24%) vs n=13(7%); P<0.001). After adjusting for age, mechanism of injury, GCS and head injury severity in both hospitals, there was no significant difference in mortality (adjusted odds ratio 1.4; 95% confidence interval=0.6, 3.5). Patients in Netherlands trauma centre suffered from more serious head injuries (Abbreviated Injury Scale≥3) than patients in the Australian trauma centre (n=165 (88.2%) vs n=121 (62.4%); P<0.001). The other body regions demonstrated significant differences in the AIS scores with significantly more serious injuries (AIS≥3) of the chest, abdominal and extremities regions in the Australian group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bicycle related major trauma admissions in the Netherlands trauma centre, and in South-West Netherlands had a higher mortality rate associated with a higher percentage of serious head injuries compared with that in the Australian trauma centre and the State of Victoria.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. pnrylmz@live.nl
authors.forename: Pinar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.forename: Belinda J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Gabbe
authors.forename: Francis T
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: McDermott
authors.forename: Esther M M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Van Lieshout
authors.forename: Pleunie P M
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Rood
authors.forename: Terrence M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Mulligan
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Patka
authors.forename: Peter A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Cameron
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001642:Bicycling / Q000293:injuries* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004779:Environment Design; D005260:Female; D006260:Head Protective Devices / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014193:Trauma Centers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015599:Trauma Severity Indices; D014739:Victoria / Q000453:epidemiology; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*