title: Upper body push and pull strength ratio in recreationally active adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Agonist to antagonist strength data is commonly analyzed due to its association with injury and performance. The purpose of this study was to examine the agonist to antagonist ratio of upper body strength using two simple field tests (timed push up/timed modified pull up) in recreationally active adults and to establish the basis for reference standards.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred eighty (180) healthy recreationally active adults (111 females and 69 males, aged 18-45 years) performed two tests of upper body strength in random order: 1. Push-ups completed during 3 sets of 15 seconds with a 45 second rest period between each set and 2. Modified pull-ups completed during 3 sets of 15 seconds with a 45 second rest period between each set.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The push-up to modified pull-up ratio for the males was 1.57:1, whereas females demonstrated a ratio of 2.72:1. The results suggest that for our group of healthy recreationally active subjects, the upper body "pushing" musculature is approximately 1.5-2.7 times stronger than the musculature involved for pulling.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, these recreationally active adults displayed greater strength during the timed push-ups than the modified pull-ups. The relationship of these imbalances to one's performance and or injury risk requires further investigation. The reference values, however, may serve the basis for future comparison and prospective investigations. The field tests in this study can be easily implemented by clinicians and an agonist/antagonist ratio can be determined and compared to our findings.
  
  
  METHODS
  2b.
authors.affiliation: Florida Hospital Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Celebration, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Rodney J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Negrete
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Hanney
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pabian
authors.forename: Morey J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kolber
keywords: Muscle imbalance; strength ratio; upper body strength