title: Plasma sRAGE and N-(carboxymethyl) lysine in patients with CHF and/or COPD.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Knowledge of the role of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), particularly its soluble form (sRAGE), and of its advanced glycation end product (AGE) ligand, N-(carboxymethyl)lysine adducts (CML), is limited in chronic heart failure (CHF) and in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We evaluated whether the AGE/RAGE system is activated in stable CHF and COPD, and whether plasma sRAGE and CML levels are affected by clinical and functional parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured plasma levels of sRAGE and CML using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 143 subjects, aged ≥ 65 years, divided into five groups: 58 with CHF, 23 with COPD, 27 with CHF+COPD and 35 controls (17 healthy smokers and 18 healthy nonsmokers). Individuals with diabetes were excluded from the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma levels of sRAGE and CML were higher in CHF patients than in controls [sRAGE: 0.48 (0.37-0.83) vs. 0.42 (0.29-0.52) ng/mL, P = 0.01; CML: 1.95 (1.58-2.38) vs. 1.68 (1.43-2.00) ng/mL, P = 0.01]. By contrast, sRAGE and CML were not different between both COPD and CHF+COPD patients and controls (P > 0.05). N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (Nt-pro BNP) correlated with sRAGE, but not with CML, in the patient groups: CHF (r = 0.43, P < 0.001), COPD (r = 0.77, P < 0.0001) and CHF/COPD (r = 0.43, P = 0.003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Plasma levels of sRAGE and CML are increased in CHF, but not in COPD patients. The robust association between NT-pro BNP, a diagnostic and prognostic marker in CHF, and sRAGE concentrations might suggest a possible BNP pathway of amplification of inflammation via the AGE/RAGE system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy. bsp@unife.it
authors.forename: Piera
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boschetto
authors.forename: Ilaria
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Campo
authors.forename: Mariarita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stendardo
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Casimirri
authors.forename: Carmine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tinelli
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gorrini
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ceconi
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fucili
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Potena
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Papi
authors.forename: Licia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ballerin
authors.forename: Leonardo M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Fabbri
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Luisetti
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000378:metabolism*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D008239:Lysine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000378:metabolism; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C109794:pro-brain natriuretic peptide (1-76); D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; C048496:N(6)-carboxymethyllysine; D008239:Lysine