title: Determining the effectiveness of the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine against rotavirus hospitalizations and emergency department visits using two study designs.
abstract: The objective of this study is to determine the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (RV5) for preventing rotavirus-related hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) visits during the 2006-07 and 2007-08 rotavirus seasons using two study designs. Active, prospective population-based surveillance was conducted to identify cases of laboratory-confirmed rotavirus-related hospitalizations and ED visits to be used in case-cohort and case-control designs. VE was calculated using one comparison group for the case-cohort method and two comparison groups for the case-control method. The VE estimates produced by the three analyses were similar. Three doses of RV5 were effective for preventing rotavirus-related hospitalizations and ED visits in each analysis, with VE estimated as 92% in all three analyses. Two doses of RV5 were also effective, with VE ranging from 79% to 83%. A single dose was effective in the case-cohort analysis, but was not significant in either of the case-control analyses. The case-cohort and the case-control study designs produced the same VE point estimates for completion of the three dose series. Two and three doses of RV5 were effective in preventing rotavirus-related hospitalizations and ED visits.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States. stephanie.donauer@cchmc.org
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Donauer
authors.forename: Daniel C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Payne
authors.forename: Kathryn M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: Peter G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Szilagyi
authors.forename: Richard W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Hornung
authors.forename: Geoffrey A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Weinberg
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chappell
authors.forename: Caroline B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: Umesh D
authors.initials: UD
authors.lastname: Parashar
authors.forename: Mary Allen
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Staat
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009518:New York / Q000453:epidemiology; D009820:Ohio / Q000453:epidemiology; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012401:Rotavirus / Q000276:immunology*; D012400:Rotavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D022243:Rotavirus Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology; D013714:Tennessee / Q000453:epidemiology; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: C492535:RotaTeq; D022243:Rotavirus Vaccines; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated