title: Anal cancer - a review.
abstract: Anal cancer accounts for only 1.5% of gastrointestinal malignancies but this disease has shown a steady increase in incidence particularly in HIV positive males. The understanding of pathophysiology and treatment of anal cancer has changed radically over last thirty years. Risk factors have been identified and organ preservation by chemoradiotherapy has become a standard. This article aims to review the clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, and treatment options for anal cancer in the light of current literature.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Qassim, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Sajad Ahmad
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Salati
authors.forename: Azzam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al Kadi
keywords: HIV; HPV; anal canal; anal cancer; anal margin; chemoradiotherapy; imaging; recurrence; salvage