title: Diabetes and cancer relationships.
abstract: Diabetes and cancer are both heterogeneous and multifactorial diseases with tremendous impact on health worldwide. Epidemiologic evidence suggests that certain malignancies may be associated with diabetes, as well as with diabetes risk factors and, perhaps, with certain diabetes treatments. Numerous biological mechanisms could account for these relationships. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, IGF-2, IGF-1 receptors, insulin, and the insulin receptor play roles in the development and progression of cancers. Although evidence from randomized controlled trials does not support or refute associations of diabetes and its treatments with either increased or reduced risk of cancer incidence or prognosis, consideration of malignancy incidence rates and the magnitude of the trials that would be required to address these issues explains why such studies may not be readily undertaken.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; E-Institute of Shanghai Universities, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Tiange
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Guang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ning
authors.forename: Zachary
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Bloomgarden
mesh_terms: D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015994:Incidence; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D064887:Observational Studies as Topic; D011379:Prognosis
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents
keywords: cancer; diabetes; diabetes treatment; epidemiology; randomized controlled trial; 肿瘤，糖尿病，糖尿病治疗，流行病学，随机对照试验