title: Ectopic expression of Kip-related proteins restrains root-knot nematode-feeding site expansion.
abstract: The development of nematode feeding sites induced by root-knot nematodes involves the synchronized activation of cell cycle processes such as acytokinetic mitoses and DNA amplification. A number of key cell cycle genes are reported to be critical for nematode feeding site development. However, it remains unknown whether plant cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors such as the Arabidopsis interactor/inhibitor of CDK (ICK)/Kip-related protein (KRP) family are involved in nematode feeding site development. This study demonstrates the involvement of Arabidopsis ICK2/KRP2 and ICK1/KRP1 in the control of mitosis to endoreduplication in galls induced by the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Using ICK/KRP promoter-GUS fusions and mRNA in situ hybridizations, we showed that ICK2/KRP2, ICK3/KRP5 and ICK4/KRP6 are expressed in galls after nematode infection. Loss-of-function mutants have minor effects on gall development and nematode reproduction. Conversely, overexpression of both ICK1/KRP1 and ICK2/KRP2 impaired mitosis in giant cells and blocked neighboring cell proliferation, resulting in a drastic reduction of gall size. Studying the dynamics of protein expression demonstrated that protein levels of ICK2/KRP2 are tightly regulated during giant cell development and reliant on the presence of the nematode. This work demonstrates that impeding cell cycle progression by means of ICK1/KRP1 and ICK2/KRP2 overexpression severely restricts gall development, leading to a marked limitation of root-knot nematode development and reduced numbers of offspring.
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR 1355 ISA/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7254 ISA/Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, UMR ISA, 400 route des Chappes, Sophia-Antipolis, France.
authors.forename: Paulo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR 1355 ISA/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7254 ISA/Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, UMR ISA, 400 route des Chappes, Sophia-Antipolis, France.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Escudero
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR 1355 ISA/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7254 ISA/Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, UMR ISA, 400 route des Chappes, Sophia-Antipolis, France.
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rodiuc
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052, Gent, Belgium.|Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052, Gent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Boruc
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052, Gent, Belgium.|Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052, Gent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Eugenia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Russinova
authors.affiliation: UMR8618, CNRS Université Paris-Sud 11, Bat 630, 91405, Orsay, France.
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Glab
authors.affiliation: NemaLab/ICAAM - Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, Universidade de Évora, Núcleo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7002-554, Évora, Portugal.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mota
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052, Gent, Belgium.|Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052, Gent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Lieven
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: De Veylder
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR 1355 ISA/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7254 ISA/Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, UMR ISA, 400 route des Chappes, Sophia-Antipolis, France.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Abad
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR 1355 ISA/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7254 ISA/Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, UMR ISA, 400 route des Chappes, Sophia-Antipolis, France.
authors.forename: Gilbert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Engler
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR 1355 ISA/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7254 ISA/Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, UMR ISA, 400 route des Chappes, Sophia-Antipolis, France.
authors.forename: Janice
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de Almeida Engler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000469:parasitology*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D050756:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D017343:Genes, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D015726:Giant Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D008938:Mitosis; D053141:Organelle Size; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000235:genetics / Q000469:parasitology*; D010941:Plant Tumors / Q000235:genetics / Q000469:parasitology; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D011003:Ploidies; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000235:genetics; D014431:Tylenchoidea / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D050756:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor Proteins; C114853:ICK1 protein, Arabidopsis; C407546:ICK2 protein, Arabidopsis