title: Biocompatibility of folate-modified chitosan nanoparticles.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the acute toxicity of carboxymethyl chitosan-2, 2' ethylenedioxy bis-ethylamine-folate (CMC-EDBE-FA) and as well as possible effect on microbial growth and in vitro cell cyto-toxicity.
  
  
  METHODS
  CMC-EDBE-FA was prepared on basis of carboxymethyl chitosan tagged with folic acid by covalently linkage through 2, 2' ethylenedioxy bis-ethylamine. In vivo acute toxicity, in vitro cyto-toxicity and antimicrobial activity of CMC-EDBE-FA nanoparticle were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Vancomycin exhibited the antibacterial activity against vancomycin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, but CMC-EDBE-FA nanoparticle did not give any antibacterial activity as evidenced by minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC), disc agar diffusion (DAD) and killing kinetic assay. Further, the CMC-EDBE-FA nanoparticle showed no signs of in vivo acute toxicity up to a dose level of 1 000 mg/kg p.o., and as well as in vitro cyto-toxicity up to 250 µg/mL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that CMC-EDBE-FA nanoparticle is expected to be safe for biomedical applications.
authors.affiliation: Immunology and Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Human Physiology with Community Health, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore-721 102, West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: Subhankari Prasad
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Chakraborty
authors.forename: Sumanta Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Sahu
authors.forename: Panchanan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pramanik
authors.forename: Somenath
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Roy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects*; D048271:Chitosan / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D005021:Ethylamines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008422:Materials Testing; D051379:Mice; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D005021:Ethylamines; C514968:carboxymethyl-chitosan; D014640:Vancomycin; D048271:Chitosan; D005492:Folic Acid
keywords: Carboxymethyl chitosan; Folate; Killing kinetic studies; MTT assay; Staphylococcus aureus