title: Hypoglycemia and diabetes: a report of a workgroup of the American Diabetes Association and the Endocrine Society.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the evidence about the impact of hypoglycemia on patients with diabetes that has become available since the past reviews of this subject by the American Diabetes Association and The Endocrine Society and to provide guidance about how this new information should be incorporated into clinical practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five members of the American Diabetes Association and five members of The Endocrine Society with expertise in different aspects of hypoglycemia were invited by the Chair, who is a member of both, to participate in a planning conference call and a 2-day meeting that was also attended by staff from both organizations. Subsequent communications took place via e-mail and phone calls. The writing group consisted of those invitees who participated in the writing of the manuscript. The workgroup meeting was supported by educational grants to the American Diabetes Association from Lilly USA, LLC and Novo Nordisk and sponsorship to the American Diabetes Association from Sanofi. The sponsors had no input into the development of or content of the report.
  
  
  METHODS
  The writing group considered data from recent clinical trials and other studies to update the prior workgroup report. Unpublished data were not used. Expert opinion was used to develop some conclusions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consensus was achieved by group discussion during conference calls and face-to-face meetings, as well as by iterative revisions of the written document. The document was reviewed and approved by the American Diabetes Association's Professional Practice Committee in October 2012 and approved by the Executive Committee of the Board of Directors in November 2012 and was reviewed and approved by The Endocrine Society's Clinical Affairs Core Committee in October 2012 and by Council in November 2012.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The workgroup reconfirmed the previous definitions of hypoglycemia in diabetes, reviewed the implications of hypoglycemia on both short- and long-term outcomes, considered the implications of hypoglycemia on treatment outcomes, presented strategies to prevent hypoglycemia, and identified knowledge gaps that should be addressed by future research. In addition, tools for patients to report hypoglycemia at each visit and for clinicians to document counseling are provided.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University ofMinnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. seaqu001@umn.edu
authors.forename: Elizabeth R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Seaquist
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Belinda
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Childs
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cryer
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dagogo-Jack
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fish
authors.forename: Simon R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Heller
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rosenzweig
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vigersky
mesh_terms: D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D012955:Societies, Medical; D014481:United States