title: [Surgical treatment of calcaneal fracture involving talocalcaneal and calcaneocuboid joints].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the method and effectiveness of lateral calcaneal U-shaped incision approach to treat calcaneal fractures involving the talocalcaneal and calcaneocuboid joints.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 2009 and March 2011, 36 cases of calcaneal fractures involving the talocalcaneal and calcaneocuboid joints were treated by the lateral calcaneal U-shaped incision approach and calcaneal anatomical plate fixation. There were 27 males and 9 females with an average age of 38.7 years (range, 19-58 years). According to the Sanders classification criteria, there were 12 cases of type II, 20 cases of type III, and 4 cases of type IV. The Böhler and Gissane angles were (6.21 +/- 10.48) degrees and (89.85 +/- 12.34) degrees, respectively. The average time from injury to surgery was 4.2 days (range, 2-14 days).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Superficial skin flap necrosis and wound exudate occurred in 1 case respectively, which were cured after dressing change; primary healing was obtained in the other cases. All the cases were followed up 12-26 months (mean, 15.2 months). The X-ray films showed that all fractures healed with an average healing time of 10.6 weeks (range, 8-12 weeks). The reduction of articular surface was satisfactory, and the heel height returned to normal. No complication of breakage of internal fixation or traumatic arthritis occurred. The Böhler and Gissane angles were (29.64 +/- 5.33) degrees and (121.75 +/- 6.65) degrees, respectively at 3 months after operation, showing significant differences when compared with the preoperative values (t=43.800, P=0.000; t=33.200, P=0.000). The average time of plate removal was 11.2 months (range, 9-20 months). According to Maryland foot score, the results were excellent in 17 cases, good in 15 cases, and fair in 4 cases; the excellent and good rate was 88.9%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The lateral calcaneal U-shaped incision approach is an effective method to treat calcaneal fractures involving the talocalcaneal and calcaneocuboid joints, which can expose the fracture fully, restore the anatomy of the calcaneal bone, and do early exercise under the condition of rigid internal fixation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, the Second Hospital of Tangshan, Tangshan Hebei, 063000, P.R.China. caolihai@126.com
authors.forename: Lihai
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Rongliang
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Hongtao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001860:Bone Plates; D002111:Calcaneus / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D017102:Fracture Healing; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000601:surgery*; D005596:Fractures, Closed / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D013640:Tarsal Joints / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult