title: Open-label taste-testing study to evaluate the acceptability of both strawberry-flavored and orange-flavored amylmetacresol/2,4-dichlorobenzyl alcohol throat lozenges in healthy children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acute sore throat (pharyngitis) is one of the most common illnesses for which children are seen by primary care physicians. Most cases are caused by viruses and are benign and self-limiting. Clinically proven, over-the-counter throat lozenges provide rapid and effective relief of acute sore throat symptoms, and are increasingly important in self-management of this condition.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study (International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number: ISRCTN34958871) was to evaluate the acceptability of two licensed, commercially available sore throat lozenges containing amylmetacresol and 2,4-dichlorobenzyl (AMC/DCBA)--one strawberry flavored and the other orange flavored--in healthy children.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was an open-label, single-dose, crossover, taste-testing study in children recruited via a clinical database and advertisements over a 3.5-week period.
  
  
  METHODS
  Potentially eligible participants were invited to attend the taste-testing session at a clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  At the screening session, which took place either before or on the day of taste testing, details of relevant medical history, medication, and demographics were recorded. Of the 108 screened subjects, 102 were recruited. These were healthy male and female children aged 6-12 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Each child cleansed their palate with water and water biscuits before tasting a strawberry-flavored lozenge (Strepsils® strawberry sugar free, Reckitt Benckiser Healthcare Limited, Nottingham, UK; PL 00063/0395), which was sucked for 1 minute and then expelled. The orange-flavored lozenge (Strepsils® orange with vitamin C, Reckitt Benckiser Healthcare Limited, Nottingham, UK; PL 016242152) was tasted at least 15 minutes later following further cleansing of the palate. The spontaneous reaction of the child on tasting each lozenge was observed and recorded. Subjects were asked to indicate their liking for each lozenge, using a 7-point hedonic facial scale, and were required to answer a series of questions relating to what they liked and disliked about the taste and the feel of the lozenge in the mouth and throat. The primary endpoint was the proportion of subjects with a hedonic facial score of >4. Secondary endpoints included the spontaneous reaction of the child on tasting the lozenge and responses to questions related to taste.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The taste of the lozenge was scored >4 (i.e. 'good', 'really good', or 'super good') by 85.3% of subjects for the strawberry flavor and 49.0% for the orange flavor (p < 0.0001). The mean (standard deviation) score was 5.72 (1) for the strawberry-flavored lozenge and 4.35 (2) for the orange-flavored lozenge. The proportion of subjects willing to take the lozenge again was 94% for the strawberry flavor and 56% for the orange flavor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Strawberry-flavored AMC/DCBA lozenges were liked by, and acceptable to, the majority of the children. AMC/DCBA orange-flavored lozenges were also liked by, and acceptable to, approximately half the children. Overall, both strawberry and orange would be suitable flavors for lozenges intended for children when they suffer from sore throat.
authors.affiliation: Aspect Clinical, 4a Bye Street, Ledbury, Herefordshire HR8 2AA, UK. alex.thompson@aspectclinical.com
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Sandie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Reader
authors.forename: Emma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Field
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shephard
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D001592:Benzyl Alcohols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002648:Child; D032084:Citrus sinensis; D003258:Consumer Behavior; D003408:Cresols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005260:Female; D005421:Flavoring Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D031985:Fragaria; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013649:Taste / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D001592:Benzyl Alcohols; D003408:Cresols; D005421:Flavoring Agents; C542912:amylmetacresol; C008396:dichlorobenzyl alcohol