title: Selenium deficiency in pediatric patients with intestinal failure as a consequence of drug shortage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Parenteral nutrition (PN) is a lifesaving therapy for children with intestinal failure and can now be used chronically without the life-threatening complications of the past. Adequate intravenous trace element supplementation is required as part of a complete nutrition prescription. According to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the number of drug shortages, including sterile injectable agents used as PN components, has increased since 2010. Selenious acid as an individual additive was recently unavailable at our institution for 9 months due to a national shortage.
  
  
  METHODS
  To assess the impact of the selenious acid shortage, we retrospectively compiled data from existing clinical records for eligible patients. We included children with intestinal failure on full PN support who were older than 1 year at the onset of the selenium shortage. Whole-blood selenium concentrations prior to the selenious acid shortage were compared with concentrations drawn during the shortage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five patients with intestinal failure and complete PN dependence were identified, and all 5 patients had normal serum selenium concentrations prior to the shortage. All 5 patients developed severe biochemical selenium deficiency in direct correlation with the shortage of selenium. No morbidity associated with selenium deficiency was observed. Selenium concentrations recovered after selenium supplementation was reinstituted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A national selenious acid shortage was associated with biochemical selenium deficiency in a cohort of children with intestinal failure. Despite very low selenium concentrations, none of our patients exhibited clinical signs of deficiency.
authors.affiliation: Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington.
authors.forename: Cheryl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Patrick J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Javid
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Horslen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007410:Intestinal Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy; D008297:Male; D010288:Parenteral Nutrition / Q000379:methods; D057947:Parenteral Nutrition Solutions / Q000600:supply & distribution*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020887:Selenious Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012643:Selenium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000600:supply & distribution*; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000600:supply & distribution; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D057947:Parenteral Nutrition Solutions; D014131:Trace Elements; D020887:Selenious Acid; D012643:Selenium
keywords: minerals/trace elements; parenteral nutrition; pediatrics