title: Speech and motion control for interventional radiology: requirements and feasibility.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Interventional radiology is performed in a sterile environment where speech and motion control of image review is needed to simplify and expedite routine procedures. The requirements and limitations were defined by testing an interventional radiology test bed speech and motion control system.
  
  
  METHODS
  Motion control software was implemented using the Microsoft[Formula: see text] Kinect[Formula: see text] (Microsoft Corp., USA) framework. The system was tested by 10 participants using a predefined set of six voice and six gesture commands under different lighting conditions to assess the influence of illumination on command recognition. The participants rated the convenience of the application and its possible use in everyday clinical routine. A basic set of voice or gesture commands required for interventional radiology were identified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The majority (93 %) of commands were recognized successfully. Speech commands were less prone to errors than gesture commands. Unwanted side effects occurred (e.g., accidentally issuing a gesture command) in about 30 % of cases. Dimmed lighting conditions did not have a measurable effect on the recognition rate. Six out of 10 participants would consider using the application in everyday routine. The necessary voice/gesture commands for interventional radiology were identified and integrated into the control system.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Speech and motion control of image review provides a new man-machine interface for radiological image handling that is especially useful in sterile environments due to no-touch navigation. Command recognition rates were high and remained stable under different lighting conditions. However, the rate of accidental triggering due to unintended commands should be reduced.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 , Mainz, Germany, Andreas.Hoetker@uni-mainz.de.
authors.forename: Andreas M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Hötker
authors.forename: Michael B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Pitton
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mildenberger
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Düber
mesh_terms: D005868:Gestures; D006801:Humans; D009038:Motion; D015642:Radiology, Interventional / Q000379:methods*; D012984:Software; D013060:Speech; D014110:Touch; D014584:User-Computer Interface; D014831:Voice