title: Immune responses to infectious laryngotracheitis virus.
abstract: Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is an upper respiratory tract disease in chickens caused by infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV), an alphaherpesvirus. Despite the extensive use of attenuated, and more recently recombinant, vaccines for the control of this disease, ILT continues to affect the intensive poultry industries worldwide. Innate and cell-mediated, rather than humoral immune responses, have been identified as responsible for protection against disease. This review examines the current understandings in innate and adaptive immune responses towards ILTV, as well as the role of ILTV glycoprotein G in modulating the host immune response towards infection. Protective immunity induced by ILT vaccines is also examined. The increasing availability of tools and reagents for the characterisation of avian innate and cell-mediated immune responses are expected to further our understanding of immunity against ILTV and drive the development of new generation vaccines towards enhanced control of this disease.
authors.affiliation: Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Mauricio J C
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Coppo
authors.forename: Carol A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Hartley
authors.forename: Joanne M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Devlin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D002645:Chickens / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006566:Herpesviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D001352:Herpesvirus 1, Gallid / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000276:immunology; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D012137:Respiratory System / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D014611:Vaccination; D014760:Viral Fusion Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D014760:Viral Fusion Proteins; D014765:Viral Vaccines
keywords: Avian; CEO; DIVA; ELISA; ELISPOT; Glycoprotein G; HVT; Herpesvirus; IBDV; IBV; ICP4; IL18; IL2; ILT; ILTV; Immunity; TCO; chicken embryo origin; differentiation of infected and vaccinated animals; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; enzyme-linked immunospot; gB; gG; glycoprotein B; glycoprotein G; herpes virus of turkeys; infected cell protein 4; infectious bronchitis virus; infectious bursal disease virus; infectious laryngotracheitis; infectious laryngotracheitis virus; interleukin-18; interleukin-2; miRNA; microRNA; tissue culture origin; vCKBP; viral chemokine binding protein