title: Subclinical atherosclerosis, endothelial function, and serum inflammatory markers in chronic kidney disease stages 3 to 4.
abstract: Different inflammatory markers, brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), and brachial intima-media thickness (bIMT) were measured in 50 patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 3 to 4 with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and 35 age- and gender-matched controls. The bIMT was significantly increased in the patients with CKD compared with controls (0.43 mm [0.42, 0.45] vs 0.34 mm [0.32, 0.36]; P < .001). There was no significant difference in FMD between the study groups (4.7% vs 5.3%; P = .56). There were significant correlations between bIMT and high-sensitive C-reactive protein, vascular cellular adhesion molecule 1, tumor necrosis factor, and interleukin 6 (P < .05). However, eGFR adjusted for age and gender was the best predictor of bIMT. In conclusion, bIMT and inflammatory markers were increased in patients with CKD compared with the controls. Furthermore, significant correlations between bIMT and inflammatory activity in patients with CKD were observed. The eGFR adjusted for age and gender was the best predictor of bIMT.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo University, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Shirin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghanavatian
authors.forename: Lien My
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Diep
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bárány
authors.forename: Olof
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Heimbürger
authors.forename: Astrid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Seeberger
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stenvinkel
authors.forename: Morteza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rohani
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Agewall
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D058070:Asymptomatic Diseases; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood*; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography; D015854:Up-Regulation; D014664:Vasodilation
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018836:Inflammation Mediators
keywords: ICAM-1; IL-6; TNF; VCAM-1; atherosclerosis; endothelial function; flow-mediated dilatation; intima-media thickness; predialytic kidney failure