title: Molecular mechanisms of T-cell anergy.
abstract: Anergy is a long-term stable state of T-lymphocyte unresponsiveness to antigenic stimulation associated with the blockade of IL-2 production and proliferation. Anergy is a pathway of peripheral tolerance formation. In this review, mechanisms underlying T-cell tolerization are considered in a classical in vitro model of clonal anergy, and these mechanisms are compared with different pathways of anergy induction in vivo. Special attention is given to regulatory T-lymphocytes because, on one hand, anergy is a specific feature of these cells, and on the other hand anergy is also a mechanism of their action on target cells - effector T-lymphocytes. The role of this phenomenon in the differentiation of regulatory T-cells and also in the development of activation-induced apoptosis in effector T-lymphocytes is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 614081 Perm, Russia. conf@iegm.ru
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Kuklina
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D017635:Clonal Anergy; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*