title: Effect of acute and chronic red wine consumption on lipopolysaccharide concentrations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic red wine (RW) consumption has been associated with decreased cardiovascular disease risk, mainly attributed to an improvement in lipid profile. RW intake is also able to change the composition of gut microbiota. High fat intake has recently been reported to increase metabolic endotoxemia. The gut microbiota has been proposed as the main resource of plasma lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) in metabolic endotoxemia.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We analyzed the effect on LPS concentrations of chronic RW consumption and acute RW intake in relation to high fat intake in middle-aged men.
  
  
  METHODS
  For the chronic study, 10 middle-aged male volunteers were randomly assigned in a crossover trial, and after a washout period, all subjects received RW, dealcoholized red wine (DRW), or gin for 20 d. Serum endotoxin and LPS-binding protein (LBP) concentrations were determined after the washout period and after each of the treatments, and changes in fecal microbiota were quantified. For the acute study, 5 adult men underwent a fat overload or a fat overload together with the consumption of RW, DRW, or gin. Baseline and postprandial serum LPS and LBP concentrations and postprandial chylomicron LPS concentrations were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences in the change in LPS or LBP concentrations between chronic RW, DRW, and gin consumption. Bifidobacterium and Prevotella amounts were significantly increased by RW and correlated negatively with LPS concentrations. There were no differences in postprandial serum LPS, LBP, or chylomicron LPS concentrations between acute RW, DRW, or gin intake together with a fatty meal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chronic RW consumption increases Bifidobacterium and Prevotella amounts, which may have beneficial effects by leading to lower LPS concentrations. This trial was registered at controlled-trials.com as ISRCTN88720134.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Investigación Biomédica, Fundación Instituto Mediterráneo para el Avance de la Biotecnología y la Investigación Sanitaria, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. mer.cp@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Mercedes
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Clemente-Postigo
authors.forename: Maria Isabel
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Queipo-Ortuño
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boto-Ordoñez
authors.forename: Leticia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Coin-Aragüez
authors.forename: Maria Del Mar
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Roca-Rodriguez
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Delgado-Lista
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cardona
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Andres-Lacueva
authors.forename: Francisco J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Tinahones
mesh_terms: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D001644:Bifidobacterium / Q000254:growth & development; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000097:blood; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D019446:Endotoxemia / Q000382:microbiology; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000097:blood; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000097:blood; D054892:Metagenome; D008875:Middle Aged; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019518:Postprandial Period; D018720:Prevotella / Q000254:growth & development; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012307:Risk Factors; D014920:Wine / Q000032:analysis*; D000099231:Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein
chemical_list: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004731:Endotoxins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D059808:Polyphenols; D000099231:Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein