title: In vivo and in vitro anti-inflammatory potential of pentahydroxy-pregn-14-ol, 20-one-β-D-thevetopyranoside in rats.
abstract: Polyhydroxy pregnane glycoside (PPG), a steroidal glycoside was isolated from Wattakaka volubilis Linn. (Stap.f.). PPG was evaluated for in vivo and in vitro anti-inflammatory activity using acute inflammation and chronic model of inflammation in rats and LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. PPG seemed to be responsible for the anti-inflammatory activity in the studied models. PPG at dose level of both 5 and 10 mg/kg significantly reduced the edema induced by the carrageenan in acute model of inflammation. It also showed significant anti-proliferative effect (dry pellet weight basis) in chronic model of inflammation. Cellular content of granuloma was measured by assaying activity of N-acetyl glucosaminidase (NAG) and total nucleic acid content. PPG at 5 and 10 mg/kg significantly suppressed the cellular infiltration measured by total nucleic acid content. In contrast, NAG activity decreased over a period of 10 days resulting in inhibition of granuloma weight gain. PPG had a more effective response than the reference drug diclofenac sodium in both the models of inflammation. Wattakaka volubilis steroidal glycoside mixture (WVSM) and PPG (1-50 μM) significantly inhibited the COX-2 and iNOS enzymes resulting in low levels of PGE2 and NO in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Hence the study supports the traditional use of Wattakaka volubilis and its constituent PPG in treatment of inflammatory disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Ram S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Jadhav
authors.forename: Md Liyakat
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: Paramjyoti L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Swamy
authors.forename: Syed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sanaullah
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D029062:Apocynaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D002351:Carrageenan / Q000009:adverse effects; D002460:Cell Line; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006027:Glycosides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006099:Granuloma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006596:Hexosaminidases / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000009:adverse effects; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry; D011278:Pregnanes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011280:Pregnanolone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D006027:Glycosides; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D011278:Pregnanes; C574437:pregnane glycoside; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D002351:Carrageenan; D011280:Pregnanolone; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496318:Nos2 protein, rat; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C489691:Ptgs2 protein, rat; D006596:Hexosaminidases; D015232:Dinoprostone