title: Heart failure in East Asia.
abstract: Heart failure (HF) carries a major burden of disease in East Asia, with high associated risk of mortality and morbidity. In recent decades, the epidemiology of HF has changed with social and economical development in East Asia. The burden of HF is still severe in East Asia. The prevalence of HF ranges from 1.3% to 6.7% throughout the region. As aetiological factors, ischaemic heart disease has increased and valvular disease reduced in most East Asian countries. Diuretics are the most commonly used drugs (51.0%-97%), followed by renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors (59%-77%), with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, ACEI, (32%-52%) and has angiotensin-2 receptor blockers, ARBs (31%-44%) in similar proportions. Betablocker use has also increased in recent years. Total mortality from HF ranges from 2% to 9% in China, Taiwan, Singapore, Thailand, and Japan. Age>65 years, diabetes mellitus, anaemia, renal dysfunction and atrial fibrillation (AF) are associated with adverse outcome. More prospective, region-specific data are still required, particularly regarding new drug therapies such as eplerenone and ivabradine.
authors.affiliation: University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Yutao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Gregory Y H
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Lip
authors.forename: Amitava
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Banerjee
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D001208:Asia / Q000453:epidemiology; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000453:epidemiology; D058406:Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy; D015984:Causality; D015897:Comorbidity; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000453:epidemiology; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate; D017216:Telemedicine; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents