title: Continuous glucose monitoring: evidence and consensus statement for clinical use.
abstract: Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is an essential tool for modern diabetes therapy. Randomized controlled studies have provided evidence that hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) results can be improved in patients with type 1 diabetes with elevated baseline HbA1c when using CGM frequently enough and that the frequency and duration of hypoglycemic events can be reduced in patients with satisfactory baseline HbA1c. The CGM group within the Working Group Diabetes Technology (AGDT) of the German Diabetes Association (DDG) has defined evidence-based indications for the practical use of CGM in this consensus statement related to hypoglycemia (frequent, severe, or nocturnal) or hypoglycemia unawareness, insufficient metabolic control despite use of all possible therapeutic options and patient compliance, pregnancy associated with inadequate blood glucose results, and the need for more than 10 blood glucose measurements per day. Contraindications and defined preconditions for the successful use of CGM should be considered.
authors.affiliation: m&i-Fachklinik Bad Heilbrunn, Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Wörnerweg 30, 83670 Bad Heilbrunn, Germany. andreas.liebl@fachklinik-bad-heilbrunn.de
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Liebl
authors.forename: Helmut R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Henrichs
authors.forename: Lutz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Heinemann
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Freckmann
authors.forename: Eberhard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Biermann
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thomas
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D015190:Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D032921:Consensus; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000628:therapy; D055317:Evidence-Based Practice; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human