title: 'Real men wear kilts'. The anecdotal evidence that wearing a Scottish kilt has influence on reproductive potential: how much is true?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There are anecdotal reports that men who wear (Scottish) kilts have better sperm quality and better fertility. But how much is true? Total sperm count and sperm concentration reflect semen quality and male reproductive potential. It has been proven that changes in the scrotal temperature affect spermatogenesis. We can at least affirm that clothing increases the scrotal temperature to an abnormal level that may have a negative effect on spermatogenesis. Thus, it seems plausible that men should wear skirts and avoid trousers, at least during the period during which they plan to conceive children.
  
  
  METHODS
  and results Analysis of literature concerning scrotal temperature and spermatogenesis and fertility. Wearing a Scottish kilt in a traditional ('regimental') way may have clear health-related benefits. Kilt wearing likely produces an ideal physiological scrotal environment, which in turn helps maintain normal scrotal temperature, which is known to be beneficial for robust spermatogenesis and good sperm quality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on literature on scrotal temperature, spermatogenesis and fertility, the hypothesis that men who regularly wear a kilt during the years in which they wish to procreate will, as a group, have significantly better rates of sperm quality and higher fertility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, The Netherlands. e.j.o.kompanje@erasmusmc.nl
authors.forename: E J O
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Kompanje
mesh_terms: D001831:Body Temperature; D003020:Clothing / Q000009:adverse effects; D005298:Fertility / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D060728:Reproductive Health; D012606:Scotland; D012611:Scrotum / Q000502:physiology*; D013091:Spermatogenesis / Q000502:physiology*