title: Antimicrobial susceptibility of 22746 pathogens from Canadian hospitals: results of the CANWARD 2007-11 study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the CANWARD study was to assess the antimicrobial activity of a variety of available agents against 22,746 pathogens isolated from patients in Canadian hospitals between 2007 and 2011.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 2007 and 2011, 27,123 pathogens were collected from tertiary-care centres from across Canada; 22,746 underwent antimicrobial susceptibility testing using CLSI broth microdilution methods. Patient demographic data were also collected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the isolates collected, 45.2%, 29.6%, 14.8% and 10.4% were from blood, respiratory, urine and wound specimens, respectively. Patient demographics were as follows: 54.4%/45.6% male/female, 12.8% ≤ 17 years old, 45.1% 18-64 years old and 42.1% ≥65 years old. Isolates were obtained from patients in medical and surgical wards (37.8%), emergency rooms (25.7%), clinics (18.0%) and intensive care units (18.5%). The three most common pathogens were Escherichia coli (20.1%), Staphylococcus aureus [methicillin-susceptible S. aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA)] (20.0%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8.0%), which together accounted for nearly half of the isolates obtained. Susceptibility rates (SRs) for E. coli were 100% meropenem, 99.9% tigecycline, 99.7% ertapenem, 97.7% piperacillin/tazobactam, 93.7% ceftriaxone, 90.5% gentamicin, 77.9% ciprofloxacin and 73.4% trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Twenty-three percent of the S. aureus were MRSA. SRs for MRSA were 100% daptomycin, 100% linezolid, 100% telavancin, 99.9% vancomycin, 99.8% tigecycline, 92.2% trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and 48.2% clindamycin. SRs for P. aeruginosa were 90.1% amikacin, 93.1% colistin, 84.0% piperacillin/tazobactam, 83.5% ceftazidime, 82.6% meropenem, 72.0% gentamicin and 71.9% ciprofloxacin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The CANWARD surveillance study has provided important data on the antimicrobial susceptibility of pathogens commonly causing infections in Canadian hospitals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 0J9. ggzhanel@pcs.mb.ca
authors.forename: George G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Zhanel
authors.forename: Heather J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Adam
authors.forename: Melanie R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Baxter
authors.forename: Jeff
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fuller
authors.forename: Kimberly A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Nichol
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Denisuik
authors.forename: Philippe R S
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Lagacé-Wiens
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Walkty
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Karlowsky
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schweizer
authors.forename: Daryl J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Hoban
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000266:history / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents