title: A single-switch BCI based on passive and imagined movements: toward restoring communication in minimally conscious patients.
abstract: We investigate whether an electroencephalography technique could be used for yes/no communication with auditory scanning. To be usable by the target group, i.e., minimally conscious individuals, such a brain-computer interface (BCI) has to be very simple and robust. This leads to the concept of a single-switch BCI (ssBCI). With an ssBCI it is possible to reliably detect one certain, individually trained, brain pattern of the individual, and use it to control all kinds of applications using yes/no responses. A total of 10 healthy volunteers (20-27 years) participated in an initial cue-based session with a motor imagery (MI) task after brisk passive feet/hand movement. Four of them reached MI classification accuracies above 70% and, thus, fulfilled the inclusion criterion for participation in the 2nd session. In the 2nd session, MI was used to communicate yes/no answers to a series of questions in an auditory scanning mode. Two of the three participants of the 2nd session were able to reliably communicate their intent with 90% or above correct and 0% false responses. This work showed, for the 1st time, the use of a ssBCI based on passive and imagined movements for communication in auditory scanning mode.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Knowledge Discovery, Laboratory of Brain-Computer Interfaces, Faculty of Computer Science, Graz University of Technology, Krenngasse 37, 8010 Graz, Austria. gernot.mueller@tugraz.at
authors.forename: Gernot R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Müller-Putz
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pokorny
authors.forename: Daniela S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Klobassa
authors.forename: Petar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Horki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D062207:Brain-Computer Interfaces; D003142:Communication; D003463:Cues; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004576:Electromyography; D025461:Feedback, Physiological; D005260:Female; D006225:Hand / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007092:Imagination / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D018458:Persistent Vegetative State / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D014953:Wrist / Q000294:innervation; D055815:Young Adult