title: Acute aortocaval fistula: role of low perfusion pressure and subendocardial remodeling on left ventricular function.
abstract: The experimental model of aortocaval fistula is a useful model of cardiac hypertrophy in response to volume overload. In the present study it has been used to investigate the pathologic subendocardial remodeling associated with the development of heart failure during the early phases (day 1, 3, and 7) following volume overload. Compared with sham treated rats, aortocaval fistula rats showed lower systemic blood pressure and higher left ventricular end-diastolic pressure This resulted in lower coronary driving pressure and left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction. Signs of myocyte necrosis, leukocyte cell infiltration, fibroplasia and collagen deposition appeared sequentially in the subendocardium where remodeling was more prominent than in the non-subendocardium. Accordingly, increased levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, and IL-6, and enhanced MMP-2 activity were all found in the subendocardium of rats with coronary driving pressure ≤ 60 mmHg. The coronary driving pressure was inversely correlated with MMP-2 activity in subendocardium in all time-points studied, and blood flow in this region showed positive correlation with systolic and diastolic function at day 7. Thus the predominant subendocardial remodeling that occurs in response to low myocardial perfusion pressure during the acute phases of aortocaval fistula contributes to early left ventricular dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Medical Investigation, LIM-51, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil. mkoike2011@gmail.com
authors.forename: Flávia R R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Mazzo
authors.forename: Clovis
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: de Carvalho Frimm
authors.forename: Ana Iochabel S
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Moretti
authors.forename: Maria C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Guido
authors.forename: Marcia K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Koike
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D001012:Aorta, Abdominal / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001164:Arteriovenous Fistula / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D007378:Interleukins / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D011673:Pulsatile Flow / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology*; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D007378:Interleukins; D009195:Peroxidase; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; C522363:Mmp2 protein, rat