title: Evaluation of the effect of pentoxifylline on sleep-deprivation induced memory impairment.
abstract: In this study, we examined the ability of Pentoxifylline (PTX) to prevent sleep deprivation induced memory impairment probably through decreasing oxidative stress. Sleep deprivation was chronically induced 8 h/day for 6 weeks in rats using modified multiple platform model. Concurrently, PTX (100 mg/kg) was administered to animals on daily basis. After 6 weeks of treatment, behavioral studies were conducted to test the spatial learning and memory using the Radial Arm Water Maze. Additionally, the hippocampus was dissected; and levels/activities of antioxidant defense biomarkers glutathione reduced (GSH), glutathione oxidized (GSSG), GSH/GSSG ratio, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD), were assessed. The results show that chronic sleep deprivation impaired short- and long-term memories, which was prevented by chronic treatment with PTX. Additionally, PTX normalized sleep deprivation-induced reduction in the hippocampus GSH/GSSG ratio (P < 0.05), and activities of GPx, catalase, and SOD (P < 0.05). In conclusion, chronic sleep deprivation induces memory impairment, and treatment with PTX prevented this impairment probably through normalizing antioxidant mechanisms in the hippocampus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
authors.forename: Karem H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Alzoubi
authors.forename: Omar F
authors.initials: OF
authors.lastname: Khabour
authors.forename: Noor H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Tashtoush
authors.forename: Sayer I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Al-Azzam
authors.forename: Nizar M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Mhaidat
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D002151:Calorimetry; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D010431:Pentoxifylline / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000150:complications*; D013053:Spectrophotometry; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione; D010431:Pentoxifylline
keywords: hippocampus; maze; memory; pentoxifylline; sleep deprivation