title: Behaviors and attitudes associated with low drinking water intake among US adults, Food Attitudes and Behaviors Survey, 2007.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Water is vital for life, and plain water is a calorie-free option for hydration. Increasing consumption of drinking water is a strategy to reduce energy intake and lose or maintain weight; however, information on the characteristics of consumers who drink water is limited. Our objective was to describe the characteristics of people who have a low intake of drinking water and to determine associations between their behaviors and attitudes and their intake of water.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed data from a nationally representative sample of 3,397 US adults who participated in the National Cancer Institute's 2007 Food Attitudes and Behaviors Survey. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify sociodemographic characteristics and health-related behaviors and attitudes associated with self-reported drinking water intake of less than 4 cups per day.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 7% of adults reported no daily consumption of drinking water, 36% reported drinking 1 to 3 cups, 35% reported drinking 4 to 7 cups, and 22% reported drinking 8 cups or more. The likelihood of drinking less than 4 cups of water daily was significantly higher among participants aged 55 years or older than among those aged 18 to 34 (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.3), among residents of the Northeast than among residents of the South (AOR, 1.4), among participants who consumed 1 cup or less of fruits or vegetables per day than among those who consumed 4.5 cups or more (AOR, 3.0), among participants who did not exercise than among those who exercised 150 minutes or more per week (AOR, 1.7), and among participants who were neither trying to gain nor lose weight than among those trying to lose weight (AOR, 1.3).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low drinking water intake was associated with age, region of residence, and several unhealthful behaviors and attitudes. Understanding characteristics associated with low drinking water intake may help to identify populations that could benefit from interventions to help adults drink more water.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. agoodman@cdc.gov
authors.forename: Alyson B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Goodman
authors.forename: Heidi M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Blanck
authors.forename: Bettylou
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sherry
authors.forename: Sohyun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nebeling
authors.forename: Amy L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Yaroch
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001628:Beverages; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D060766:Drinking Water; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000502:physiology*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005518:Food Preferences; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice / Q000208:ethnology; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D054547:National Cancer Institute (U.S.); D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D060766:Drinking Water