title: Isolation of a small molecule with anti-MRSA activity from a mangrove symbiont Streptomyces sp. PVRK-1 and its biomedical studies in Zebrafish embryos.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to isolate the anti-MRSA (Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus) molecule from the Mangrove symbiont Streptomyces and its biomedical studies in Zebrafish embryos.
  
  
  METHODS
  MRSA was isolated from the pus samples of Colachal hospitals and confirmed by amplification of mecA gene. Anti-MRSA molecule producing strain was identified by 16s rRNA gene sequencing. Anti-MRSA compound production was optimized by Solid State Fermentation (SSF) and the purification of the active molecule was carried out by TLC and RP-HPLC. The inhibitory concentration and LC50 were calculated using Statistical software SPSS. The Biomedical studies including the cardiac assay and organ toxicity assessment were carried out in Zebrafish.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The bioactive anti-MRSA small molecule A2 was purified by TLC with Rf value of 0.37 with 1.389 retention time at RP-HPLC. The Inhibitory Concentration of the purified molecule A2 was 30 µg/mL but, the inhibitory concentration of the MRSA in the infected embryo was 32-34 µg/mL for TLC purified molecule A2 with LC50 mean value was 61.504 µg/mL. Zebrafish toxicity was assessed in 48-60 µg/mL by observing the physiological deformities and the heart beat rates (HBR) of embryos for anti MRSA molecule showed the mean of 41.33-41.67 HBR/15 seconds for 40 µg/mL and control was 42.33-42.67 for 15 seconds which significantly showed that the anti-MRSA molecule A2 did not affected the HBR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anti-MRSA molecule from Streptomyces sp PVRK-1 was isolated and biomedical studies in Zebrafish model assessed that the molecule was non toxic at the minimal inhibitory concentration of MRSA.
authors.affiliation: International Centre for Nanobiotechnology (ICN), Centre for Marine Science and Technology (CMST), Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Rajakkamangalam, Kanyakumari Dist-629502, TN, India.
authors.forename: Rajaretinam Rajesh
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Kannan
authors.forename: Appadurai Muthamil
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Iniyan
authors.forename: Vincent Samuel Gnana
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Prakash
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity*; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D043982:Rhizophoraceae / Q000382:microbiology*; D013302:Streptomyces / Q000737:chemistry*; D015027:Zebrafish
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: Biochemial study; Cardiac assay; Mangrove; Methicillin resistant; Minimal inhibitory concentration; Organogenesis; RP-HPLC; Small molecule; Staphylococcus aureus; Streptomyces; Zebrafish embryo