title: Modelling the interplay between childhood and adult adversity in pathways to psychosis: initial evidence from the AESOP study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is evidence that a range of socio-environmental exposures is associated with an increased risk of psychosis. However, despite the fact that such factors probably combine in complex ways to increase risk, the majority of studies have tended to consider each exposure separately. In light of this, we sought to extend previous analyses of data from the AESOP (Aetiology and Ethnicity in Schizophrenia and Other Psychoses) study on childhood and adult markers of disadvantage to examine how they combine to increase risk of psychosis, testing both mediation (path) models and synergistic effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients with a first episode of psychosis who made contact with psychiatric services in defined catchment areas in London and Nottingham, UK (n = 390) and a series of community controls (n = 391) were included in the AESOP study. Data relating to clinical and social variables, including parental separation and loss, education and adult disadvantage, were collected from cases and controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was evidence that the effect of separation from, but not death of, a parent in childhood on risk of psychosis was partially mediated through subsequent poor educational attainment (no qualifications), adult social disadvantage and, to a lesser degree, low self-esteem. In addition, there was strong evidence that separation from, but not death of, a parent combined synergistically with subsequent disadvantage to increase risk. These effects held for all ethnic groups in the sample.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exposure to childhood and adult disadvantage may combine in complex ways to push some individuals along a predominantly sociodevelopmental pathway to psychosis.
authors.affiliation: NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, and Section of Social Psychiatry, Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, UK.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.affiliation: NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, and Section of Social Psychiatry, Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, UK.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Reininghaus
authors.affiliation: Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fearon
authors.affiliation: Psychiatry Unit, University of the West Indies, Trinidad.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hutchinson
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Westminster University, London, UK.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.affiliation: NIHR Biomedical Research Centre and Psychosis Studies Department, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, UK.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dazzan
authors.affiliation: NIHR Biomedical Research Centre and Psychosis Studies Department, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, UK.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Boydell
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Kirkbride
authors.affiliation: Division of Psychiatry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Doody
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: NIHR Biomedical Research Centre and Psychosis Studies Department, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, UK.
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.affiliation: NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, and Section of Social Psychiatry, Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, UK.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Craig
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002649:Child Abuse / Q000523:psychology*; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D004777:Environment; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D008131:London / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008960:Models, Psychological; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D012649:Self Concept; D012931:Social Environment; D055815:Young Adult