title: Linkage of ICF-CY codes with environmental factors in studies of developmental outcomes of infants and toddlers with or at risk for motor delays.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Environmental variables have been explored in studies of the development of young children with motor delays. Linking environmental variables to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health - Children and Youth (ICF-CY), environmental factors (EFs) categories can provide a common language for documenting their contribution to developmental outcomes. This review of studies aimed to (1) link EFs for developmental outcomes in infants with or at risk for motor delays to ICF-CY categories and (2) synthesize the influences of EFs (with ICF-CY linkage) on developmental outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic literature search was performed of multiple databases. After applying selection criteria, environmental variables in 28 articles were linked to ICF-CY categories and underwent qualitative synthesis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results indicated that physical environmental variables could be linked successfully to ICF-CY EFs categories, but not social environmental variables. Multiple environmental variables were associated with motor and other developmental outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Difficulties in linking social factors to ICF-CY categories indicate that additional EFs codes may need to be considered in the ICF-CY revision processes. The review provides empirical data on relationships between EFs and developmental outcomes in children with or at risk for motor delay.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Early Intervention, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University , Tao-Yuan , Taiwan .
authors.forename: Ai-Wen
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Hua-Fang
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Mats
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Granlund
authors.forename: Rune J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Simeonsson
authors.forename: Lin-Ju
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Yi-Ling
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Pan
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D019988:Children with Disabilities; D004777:Environment; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D033183:Interdisciplinary Communication; D064702:International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health; D019957:Motor Skills Disorders / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D012922:Social Change