title: Phage-bacterium war on polymeric surfaces: can surface-anchored bacteriophages eliminate microbial infections?
abstract: These studies illustrate synthetic paths to covalently attach T1 and Φ11 bacteriophages (phages) to inert polymeric surfaces while maintaining the bacteriophage's biological activities capable of killing deadly human pathogens. The first step involved the formation of acid (COOH) groups on polyethylene (PE) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) surfaces using microwave plasma reactions in the presence of maleic anhydride, followed by covalent attachment of T1 and Φ11 species via primary amine groups. The phages effectively retain their biological activity manifested by a rapid infection with their own DNA and effective destruction of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus human pathogens. These studies show that simultaneous covalent attachment of two biologically active phages effectively destroy both bacterial colonies and eliminate biofilm formation, thus offering an opportunity for an effective combat against multibacterial colonies as well as surface detections of other pathogens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technologies (COMSET), Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States.
authors.forename: Heather A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Pearson
authors.forename: Gyan S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Sahukhal
authors.forename: Mohamed O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Elasri
authors.forename: Marek W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Urban
mesh_terms: D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018441:Biofilms; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D008299:Maleic Anhydrides / Q000737:chemistry; D058626:Plasma Gases; D020959:Polyethylene / Q000737:chemistry; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene / Q000737:chemistry; D013204:Staphylococcus Phages / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000821:virology*; D013604:T-Phages / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology; D010948:Viral Plaque Assay
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D008299:Maleic Anhydrides; D058626:Plasma Gases; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene; D020959:Polyethylene