title: Ketamine and peripheral inflammation.
abstract: The old anesthetic ketamine has demonstrated interactions with the inflammatory response. This review intends to qualify the nature and the mechanism underlying this interaction. For this purpose, preclinical data will be presented starting with the initial works, and then, the probable mechanisms will be discussed. A summary of the most relevant clinical data will be presented. In conclusion, ketamine appears as a unique "homeostatic regulator" of the acute inflammatory reaction and the stress-induced immune disturbances. This is of some interest at a moment when the short- and long-term deleterious consequences of inadequate inflammatory reactions are increasingly reported. Large-scale studies showing improved patient's outcome are, however, required before to definitively assert the clinical reality of this positive effect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Perioperative Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium. marc.dekock@uclouvain.be
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Kock
authors.forename: Sebastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Loix
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lavand'homme
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007649:Ketamine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D007649:Ketamine