title: Comparative study of chloroquine and quinine on malaria rodents and their effects on the mouse testis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of quinine and chloroquine against male mice infected with Plasmodium berghei and their adverse effects on the mice testes.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, 48 adult male mice, (20-25 g), aged 8 to 12 weeks were divided into four groups. This study was carried out from December 2009 until May 2010 in the School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that 58.33% of mice treated with chloroquine were completely recovered. Parasitemia was 4% on day 8 when compared to that on day 0, whereas it was 9% on day 9. There was no orchitis found in this group. The mortality of mice after exposing to quinine on day 5 was 8.3%, whereas from day 10 to day 14 it was 91.7%. We found 75% orchitis occurred in quinine treated group. There was a significant difference between quinine and chloroquine effects on the parasite and also mice testes (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, It can be concluded that male mice have full resistance to the quinine. Quinine does not only make male mice recover completely, but also cause inflammation on mice testicles tissue.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
authors.forename: Esmail
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Abolghasemi
authors.forename: Seyed Hassan
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Moosa-Kazemi
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Davoudi
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reisi
authors.forename: Mohammad Taghi
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Satvat
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000633:toxicity; D002738:Chloroquine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000633:toxicity; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D008288:Malaria / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009920:Orchitis; D018512:Parasitemia; D010962:Plasmodium berghei; D011803:Quinine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000633:toxicity; D013737:Testis / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000962:Antimalarials; D002738:Chloroquine; D011803:Quinine
keywords: Chloroquine; Orchitis; Plasmodium berghei; Quinine