title: Simultaneous preconcentration of toxic elements in artificial saliva extract of smokeless tobacco product, mainpuri by cloud point extraction method.
abstract: It has been extensively investigated that smokeless tobacco chewing can lead mainly to inflammation of oral cavity. In present study, the total and artificial saliva extracted toxic elements, arsenic, cadmium, nickel and lead were estimated in smokeless tobacco product, mainpuri. Cloud point extraction has been used for the preconcentration of arsenic, cadmium, nickel and lead in artificial saliva extract, using complexing reagent, ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate. Total and extractable toxic elements were measured by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. The chemical variables of cloud point extraction were optimized. The validity of methodology was tested by simultaneously analyzing certified reference material (Virginia tobacco leaves) and spike recovery test. The artificial saliva extractable levels of arsenic, cadmium, nickel and lead ranged from 15-22, 45-70, 35-58, and 18-32%, respectively, of total elemental contents in mainpuri samples. It was estimated that intake of 10g of different brands of mainpuri contributing the 5.88, 55.0, 45.0 and 40.3% of the provisional maximum tolerable daily intake for arsenic, cadmium, nickel and lead, respectively for adults of ~60kg.
authors.affiliation: National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, Sindh University, Jamshoro, Sindh 76080, Pakistan. ssadiashafi@gmail.com
authors.forename: Sadaf Sadia
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Arain
authors.forename: Tasneem Gul
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Kazi
authors.forename: Jamshed Bashir
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Arain
authors.forename: Hassan Imran
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Afridi
authors.forename: Kapil Dev
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Brahman
authors.forename: Faheem
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.lastname: Naeemullah
authors.forename: Salma
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arain
authors.forename: Abdul Haleem
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Panhwar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001151:Arsenic / Q000032:analysis; D002104:Cadmium / Q000032:analysis; D015386:Hazardous Substances / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D006801:Humans; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis; D009532:Nickel / Q000032:analysis; D012464:Saliva, Artificial / Q000737:chemistry*; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D014030:Tobacco, Smokeless / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D015386:Hazardous Substances; D012464:Saliva, Artificial; D002104:Cadmium; D007854:Lead; D009532:Nickel; D001151:Arsenic