title: Subacute oral toxicity study of ethanolic leaves extracts of Strobilanthes crispus in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the oral toxicity of repeated dosing of Strobilanthes crispus (S. crispus) ethanol leaves extract on the liver and kidney functions in Sprague Dawley rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Young female rats aged between 8 and 12 week-old were randomly assigned into four groups with five animals each group (n=5). The first group served as control, while the second, third and fourth groups were orally treated with a single dose daily with 150 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, and 600 mg/kg of S. crispus ethanol leaves extract for 14 d consecutively. Cage-side observation was conducted for first 4 h after each dosing. The body weight changes, food consumptions and water intake were also recorded. Serum biochemical parameters, i.e., aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine and urea were determined at Day 15. All results were expressed as mean±SD and analysed using Dunnett's test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It was obtained that 14-day oral administration of S. crispus ethanol leaves extract did not cause any adverse effects or lethality to the female Sprague Dawley rats. No significant changes in serum biochemical parameters, relative organs weights, body weights, food intake and water consumptions were observed between the treatment groups and control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, 14-day oral administration of S. crispus ethanol leaves extract was safe to be consumed in female rats without affecting the liver and kidney functions.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, No. 1, Jalan Menara Gading, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Kean Tatt
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Vuanghao
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Jin Han
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Chin
mesh_terms: D027901:Acanthaceae / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D008517:Phytotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012997:Solvents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D012997:Solvents; D000431:Ethanol
keywords: Kidney; Liver; Oral toxicity; Serum enzymes; Strobilanthes crispus