title: Leptomeningeal metastases in breast cancer.
abstract: Central nervous system (CNS) metastasis from breast cancer may be characterized as either parenchymal brain metastasis (BM) or leptomeningeal (LM) metastasis. BM are much more common (about 80% of all CNS metastases), and have been more extensively studied than LM. CNS metastasis in breast cancer has been associated with reduced overall survival, with the shortest survival generally observed in cases of LM. Here, we review the epidemiology, prognostic factors, diagnostic tools, currently available treatments, and potential future therapies for LM from breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, UC San Francisco San Francisco, CA.
authors.forename: Brian J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: Santosh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kesari
keywords: Leptomeningeal metastases; breast cancer; intrathecal chemotherapy