title: Surgeon error and slide quality during Mohs micrographic surgery: is there a relationship with tumor recurrence?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recurrences after Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) have been associated in the past with aggressive tumor type, large tumor size, and location within certain anatomic subunits. These factors are beyond the control of the treating physician and not subject to quality improvement efforts.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We sought to determine the relationship between slide quality and surgeon error with tumor recurrence after MMS.
  
  
  METHODS
  This case-control study compared slide characteristics from 19 recurrent cancers previously treated using MMS with 95 nonrecurrent controls. The controls were randomly selected from a database of 6208 MMS cases from the University of California, Davis, from 2002 to 2009.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant factors for recurrences using χ(2) or Fisher exact tests included: tumor type, surgeon error, tissue drop out, dense inflammation, aggressive tumor subtype, and surgeries with 3 or more layers. After multivariate analysis with a stepwise regression model, factors that remained significant included surgeon error, tissue drop out, and aggressive tumor subtype.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study involved only 2 surgeons and was from a single center. Not all recurrences were likely identified.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surgeon errors resulting in persistent unexcised tumor were strongly associated with tumor recurrence. Tissue drop out and aggressive tumor subtype were also important factors. Two of these factors are within the control of the treating physician, and thus potentially improvable.
authors.affiliation: Chicago Cosmetic Dermatology and Surgery, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Tracy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: April W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Armstrong
authors.forename: Clayton W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Schupp
authors.forename: Keira
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Barr
authors.forename: Daniel B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Eisen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002280:Basal Cell Carcinoma / Q000601:surgery; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000601:surgery; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002983:Clinical Competence; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019300:Medical Errors; D008875:Middle Aged; D015580:Mohs Surgery; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome