title: Antimicrobial activity of ethanol extracts of Laminaria japonica against oral microorganisms.
abstract: Laminaria japonica is a brown alga, which is consumed widely in Korea, Japan, and China. This study investigated the antimicrobial activity of ethanol extracts of L. japonica against oral microbial species to assess the possible application of L. japonica extracts in dental care products. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined in culture medium using a microdilution method. The MICs of ethanol extracts of L. japonica with oral streptococci were 62.5-500 μg/ml and the MBCs were 125-1000 μg/ml. The MICs of Actinomyces naeslundii and Actinomyces odontolyticus were 250 and 62.5 μg/ml, respectively. The MBCs of A. naeslundii and A. odontolyticus were 500 and 250 μg/ml, respectively. The MICs were 250 and 62.5 μg/ml for Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis, respectively. The killing of Streptococcus mutans and P. gingivalis was dependent on the incubation time. The killing of S. mutans, A. odontolyticus, and P. gingivalis was significantly dependent on the extract concentration. Bacterial treatment with L. japonica extracts changed the cell surface texture of S. mutans, A. odontolyticus, and P. gingivalis. The results of this study suggest that L. japonica extracts may be useful for the development of antimicrobial agents to combat oral pathogens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Microbiology, College of Dentistry, Research Institute of Oral Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yeon-Hee
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jeong Hwan
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hyung-Joo
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Si Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000190:Actinomyces / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D000431:Ethanol; D016967:Fusobacterium nucleatum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D007795:Laminaria / Q000737:chemistry*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009055:Mouth / Q000382:microbiology*; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D020560:Proteobacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013291:Streptococcus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D000431:Ethanol