title: Evaluation of a new large animal model for controlled intracranial pressure changes induced by capnoperitoneum.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A standardized large animal model for controlled ICP manipulation within a relevant range and repetitive ICP measurements is missing. We sought to develop such a model on the base of controlled IPP changes induced by capnoperitoneum.
  
  
  METHODS
  We utilized six female pigs (mean body weight 59.5 ± 18.4 kg) for experiments. A ventricular catheter connected with a burr hole reservoir was implanted. ICP was measured directly as cm H2O within a riser tube after percutaneous cannulation of the reservoir. A noninvasive intraperitoneal pressure (IPP) measurement was established (intravesical). Animals were placed in lateral position and a capnoperitoneum was induced. Measurements of ICP, IPP, MAP and respiratory parameters were performed at baseline IPP and after CO2 insufflation to IPP levels of 20 and 30 mmHg.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline IPP in lateral position referenced to median line was 9.8 (±2) mm Hg, while corresponding ICP was 10 (±2.2) mm Hg. After IPP elevation to 20 mmHg, ICP increased to 18.8 (±1.9) mm Hg. At 30 mmHg IPP, ICP increased to 22.8 (±2.8) mm Hg. Except peak airway pressure, all other parameters were kept constantly. Mean ICP variation in the individual subject was 13.4 (±2.5) mm Hg, while a ICP range from minimum 9 to maximum 31 mmHg was documented.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We report a large animal model that allows (1) repeated measurement of the ICP and (2) manipulation of the ICP within a large pressure range by controlled IPP changes due to capnoperitoneum.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany. florian.freimann@charite.de
authors.forename: Florian Baptist
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Freimann
authors.forename: Sascha Santosh
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Chopra
authors.forename: Juliane Katharina
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Unger
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vajkoczy
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wolf
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D007427:Intracranial Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D023421:Models, Animal; D011027:Pneumoperitoneum / Q000503:physiopathology; D013552:Swine