title: Gambling among youths in Switzerland and its association with other addictive behaviours. A population-based study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the prevalence of problem gambling in a population of youths in Switzerland and to determine its association with other potentially addictive behaviours.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional survey including 1,102 participants in the first and second year of post-compulsory education, reporting gambling, socio-demographics, internet use and substance use. For three categories of gambling (nongambler; nonproblem gambler and at-risk/problem gambler). socio-demographic and addiction data were compared using a bivariate analysis. All significant variables were included in a multinominal logistic regression using nongamblers as the reference category.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of gamblers was 37.48% (n = 413), with nonproblem gamblers being 31.94% (n = 352) and at-risk/problem gamblers 5.54% (n = 61). At the bivariate level, severity of gambling increased among adults (over 18 years) and among males, vocational students, participants not living with both parents and youths having a low socio-economic status. Gambling was also associated to the four addictive behaviours studied. At the multivariate level, risk of nonproblem gambling was increased in males, older youths, vocational students, participants of Swiss origin and alcohol misusers. Risk of at-risk/problem gambling was higher for males, older youths, alcohol misusers, participants not living with both parents and problem internet users.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  One-third of youths in our sample had gambled in the previous year and gambling is associated with other addictive behaviours. Clinicians should screen their adolescent patients for gambling habits, especially if other addictive behaviours are present. Additionally, gambling should be included in prevention campaigns together with other addictive behaviours.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland. l.tozzi@sssup.it
authors.forename: Leonardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tozzi
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Akre
authors.forename: Aline
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fleury-Schubert
authors.forename: Joan-Carles
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Suris
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016739:Behavior, Addictive / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005260:Female; D005715:Gambling / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012923:Social Class; D013334:Students; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013557:Switzerland / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult