title: Brilliant Blue G as protective agent against trypan blue toxicity in human retinal pigment epithelial cells in vitro.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Combinations of trypan blue (TB), Brilliant Blue G (BBG) and polyethyleneglycol had been shown before to be less toxic to ARPE retinal pigment epithelial cells than TB alone. We studied systematically the influence of combinations of dyes on cell damage.
  
  
  METHODS
  ARPE cells were exposed to TB (concentration range 0.025 to 1 %), BBG (0.0025 to 0.5 %), and combinations of the two dyes, dissolved in phosphate buffered saline (PBS), for periods between 5 and 60 min. Cell damage was monitored with the WST-1 assay. The effect of different salt concentration was measured in the same way.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TB in concentrations of 0.075 % and higher was toxic to the cells already after 30 min incubation. BBG was toxic after 30 min in concentration of 0.1 % and higher, but had a protective effect on cells with incubation time of 5 min and concentrations up to 0.1 %. BBG at concentrations of 0.025 % protected against TB-induced damage at 5 min and 30 min incubation. Salt concentrations between 113 and 225 mM did not influence cell survival even after 30 min. In the presence of TB, propidium iodide bound strongly to the cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BBG acts as a protecting agent against TB toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Moharam Bek, 21511, Alexandria, Egypt.
authors.forename: Doaa
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Awad
authors.forename: Imke
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Schrader
authors.forename: Melinda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bartok
authors.forename: Neeti
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sudumbrekar
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mohr
authors.forename: Detlef
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gabel
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D019610:Cytoprotection; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006801:Humans; D007202:Indicators and Reagents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D011419:Propidium / Q000378:metabolism; D055213:Retinal Pigment Epithelium / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014343:Trypan Blue / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D004338:Drug Combinations; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes; D011419:Propidium; D014343:Trypan Blue; C004692:coomassie Brilliant Blue