title: Impact of visceral obesity on cardiac parasympathetic activity in type 2 diabetics after coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The association between adiposity and heart rate variability (HRV) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) after coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) is not well documented. We evaluated the associations between indices of adiposity and HRV in patients with T2D with CABG and quantified the relationships of the volume of visceral (VVAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (VSAT) to HRV.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and thirty-five men with T2D who underwent CABG participated in this study. HRV, BMI, waist circumference (WC), VVAT, and VSAT were measured. Correlations between indices of HRV and adiposity were evaluated and predictors of HRV modulation were identified. Patients were then divided into quartiles of VVAT and VSAT to further evaluate the influence of adiposity on HRV.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects were 65 ± 7 years old (mean ± SD) with a BMI of 30 ± 4 kg/m(2) and a WC of 105 ± 10 cm. BMI (r = -0.19) and WC (r = -0.25) were inversely correlated with low frequencies. VVAT correlated negatively with SD normal-to normal (SDNN) (r = -0.22, P < 0.01), indices of cardiac parasympathetic activity [rMSSD (r = -0.27), NN50 (r = -0.22), pNN50 (r = -0.26; all P < 0.05], and with low (r = -0.37) and high frequencies (r = -0.20; all P < 0.01). Patients with the lowest VVAT had the highest cardiac parasympathetic activity (P < 0.05). VVAT remained the best predictor of cardiac parasympathetic activity after adjustments for confounding parameters (P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An increase in visceral adiposity, not BMI, seems to be associated with lower HRV in patients with T2D who had a CABG procedure.
authors.affiliation: Département de kinésiologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Salamin
authors.forename: Claudine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pelletier
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Poirier
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Després
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bertrand
authors.forename: Natalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Alméras
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Costerousse
authors.forename: Patrice
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brassard
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000097:blood; D050154:Adiposity / Q000502:physiology*; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D056128:Obesity, Abdominal / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012044:Regression Analysis; D050151:Subcutaneous Fat / Q000502:physiology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin