title: Synergistic anticancer effect of the extracts from Polyalthia evecta caused apoptosis in human hepatoma (HepG2) cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the anticancer activity of the extract fraction of Polyalthia evecta (P. evecta) (Pierre) Finet & Gagnep and the synergistic anticancer effect of the extracts from P. evecta by using the ATR/FT-IR spectroscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The 50% ethanol-water crude leaf extract of P. evecta (EW-L) was prepared and was further fractionated to isolate various fractions. The anticancer activity was investigated from cytotoxicity against HepG2 using a neutral red assay and apoptosis induction by evaluation of nuclei morphological changes after DAPI staining. Synergistic anticancer effects of the extracts from P. evecta were performed using the ATR/FT-IR spectroscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The result showed that the EW-L showed higher cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction in HepG2 cells than its fractionated extracts. The hexane extract exhibited higher cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction than the water extracts, but less than the EW-L. The combined water and hexane extracts apparently increased cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction. The %apoptotic cells induced by the extract mixture were increased about 2-fold compared to the single hexane extract.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The polar extract fraction is necessary for the anticancer activity of the non-polar extract fraction. The ATR/FT-IR spectra illustrates the physical interaction among the constituents in the extract mixture and reveals the presence of polyphenolic constituents in the EW-L, which might play a role for the synergistic anticancer effect.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
authors.forename: Sasipawan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Machana
authors.forename: Natthida
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Weerapreeyakul
authors.forename: Sahapat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Barusrux
authors.forename: Kanjana
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Thumanu
authors.forename: Waraporn
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tanthanuch
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D031044:Polyalthia / Q000737:chemistry*; D013057:Spectrum Analysis
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: ATR/FT-IR spectroscopy; Anticancer activity; Apoptosis induction; Cytotoxicity; Hepatoma; Polyalthia evecta; Synergistic