title: Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the 42 item Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-42) in a clinical sample.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the psychometric properties of the Turkish translation of the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-42) in a clinical group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outpatients diagnosed with anxiety (n = 138; mean age = 44.5 years; 74.6% female) or depression (n = 112; mean age = 46.2 years; 77.7% female) from the psychiatric outpatient clinic of a public hospital were evaluated. A group of non-clinical volunteers (n = 250; mean age = 37 years; 68% female) served as a community group for comparison. The participants completed the Turkish versions of the DASS-42, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The structure of the DASS-42 was analyzed in the clinical sample using principal components extraction. The three-factor solution accounted for 56% of the total variance, with eigenvalues of 17.6, 3.0, and 2.6. The range of factor loadings was 0.55-0.85 for depression, 0.47-0.62 for anxiety, and 0.49-0.74 for stress. The Cronbach alpha values for the DASS depression, anxiety, and stress subscales were 0.94, 0.88, 0.94 respectively. The concurrent validity of the DASS was satisfactory. The non-clincal participants scored lower on all three subscales than the individuals in all of the clinical groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Turkish version of the DASS-42 appears to be an excellent instrument for measuring features of depression, hyperarousal, and tension in clinical groups.
authors.affiliation: Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Education & Research Hospital, Turkey. drleventhekimoglu@gmail.com
authors.forename: Levent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hekimoglu
authors.forename: Zeren Ozturk
authors.initials: ZO
authors.lastname: Altun
authors.forename: Emine Zeynep
authors.initials: EZ
authors.lastname: Kaya
authors.forename: Nuran
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bayram
authors.forename: Nazan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bilgel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000592:standards*; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014421:Turkey; D055815:Young Adult