title: Robust selective signal suppression using binomial off-resonant rectangular (BORR) pulses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the selective signal suppression capability of a binomial off-resonant rectangular (BORR) radiofrequency pulse method.
  
  
  METHODS
  The BORR pulse consists of two consecutive rectangular pulses with a phase difference of π. The exact solution of the Bloch equations was used to simulate its frequency response. The BORR pulse was implemented in a gradient echo sequence and tested on phantoms, the knee, and the breast.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency response of the BORR pulse acquired on the phantom confirmed the theory. Broad suppression bands ensured high suppression efficiency and robustness in both in vitro and in vivo scans compared with other saturation pulses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The BORR pulse method provides a simple, efficient, and robust selective signal suppression alternative for three-dimensional short TR (repetition time) imaging.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Yongquan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Jiani
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: E Mark
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Haacke
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D001940:Breast / Q000473:pathology*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007717:Knee / Q000473:pathology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011846:Radio Waves; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D014867:Water
keywords: binomial RF pulse; chemical shift imaging; off-resonance; selective suppression