title: Neurocognitive function in acromegaly after surgical resection of GH-secreting adenoma versus naïve acromegaly.
abstract: Patients with active untreated acromegaly show mild to moderate neurocognitive disorders that are associated to chronic exposure to growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) hypersecretion. However, it is unknown whether these disorders improve after controlling GH/IGF-I hypersecretion. The aim of this study was to compare neurocognitive functions of patients who successfully underwent GH-secreting adenoma transsphenoidal surgery (cured patients) with patients with naive acromegaly. In addition, we wanted to determine the impact of different clinical and biochemical variables on neurocognitive status in patients with active disease and after long-term cure. A battery of six standardized neuropsychological tests assessed attention, memory and executive functioning. In addition, a quantitative electroencephalography with Low-Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography (LORETA) solution was performed to obtain information about the neurophysiological state of the patients. Neurocognitive data was compared to that of a healthy control group. Multiple linear regression analysis was also conducted using clinical and hormonal parameters to obtain a set of independent predictors of neurocognitive state before and after cure. Both groups of patients scored significantly poorer than the healthy controls on memory tests, especially those assessing visual and verbal recall. Patients with cured acromegaly did not obtain better cognitive measures than naïve patients. Furthermore memory deficits were associated with decreased beta activity in left medial temporal cortex in both groups of patients. Regression analysis showed longer duration of untreated acromegaly was associated with more severe neurocognitive complications, regardless of the diagnostic group, whereas GH levels at the time of assessment was related to neurocognitive outcome only in naïve patients. Longer duration of post-operative biochemical remission of acromegaly was associated with better neurocognitive state. Overall, this data suggests that the effects of chronic exposure to GH/IGF-I hypersecretion could have long-term effects on brain functions.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/University of Seville, Seville, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan Francisco
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Martín-Rodríguez
authors.forename: Ainara
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Madrazo-Atutxa
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Venegas-Moreno
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Benito-López
authors.forename: María Ángeles
authors.initials: MÁ
authors.lastname: Gálvez
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Cano
authors.forename: Francisco J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Tinahones
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Torres-Vela
authors.forename: Alfonso
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Soto-Moreno
authors.forename: Alfonso
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Leal-Cerro
mesh_terms: D000172:Acromegaly / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004569:Electroencephalography; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000601:surgery; D011788:Quality of Life
chemical_list: D019382:Human Growth Hormone