title: The feasibility of shockwave lithotripsy for treating solitary, lower calyceal stones over 1 cm in size.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recently, few studies were reported about the treatment of large, solitary, renal calculi between shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL). We assess the feasibility of SWL for managing solitary, lower calyceal stones over 1 cm by comparing the results of lower pole calculi treatment between patients that underwent SWL or PNL.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed clinical data for patients who had undergone PNL or SWL due to lower calyceal stones over 1 cm. Group 1 consisted of patients who underwent SWL to treat lower pole renal calculi from 2010 to 2011. Group 2 included patients who underwent PNL to manage lower pole renal calculi from 2008 to 2009. We compared patient age, gender, stone size, comorbidities, postoperative complications, additional interventions and anatomical parameters between the two groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 55 patients were enrolled in this study. The mean ages (±SD) of groups 1 (n = 33) and 2 (n = 22) were 55.1 (±13.0) and 50.0 (±10.6) years (p = 0.133) and mean stone sizes were 1.6 (±0.7) and 1.9 (±0.8) cm (p = 0.135), respectively. There were no significant differences in gender distribution, comorbidities or stone laterality between the two groups. No significant differences in various parameters were observed between patients with stones 1 to 2 cm and ones with stones 2 cm or larger.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results demonstrated that SWL is a safe, feasible treatment for solitary, lower calyceal stones over 1 cm.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Gachon University Gil Hospital, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Tae Beom
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sang Cheol
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Khae Hawn
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Han
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Sang Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Jin Kyu
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Oh