title: Potential risk factors and outcomes of artificial urinary sphincter placement after radical cystectomy and orthotopic neobladder urinary diversion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is a known possibility after radical cystectomy (RC) and orthotopic neobladder (ONB) urinary diversion. We retrospectively reviewed the outcomes and complications of patients who underwent artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) placement for treatment of SUI and evaluated potential risk factors (PRFs) for AUS failure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients who underwent AUS placement after RC/ONB from 1994 to 2009 were identified. Variables evaluated included: demographics, cancer type, AUS characteristics, urinary incontinence (UI), revision procedures data, and PRFs for AUS failure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Demographic data was reviewed on 36 patients. Mean age at AUS placement was 72 (58-79) years. Mean time to AUS after RC/ONB was 28 (2-120) months. Mean follow up after AUS was 40 (2-132) months. TCC was the indication for RC in 94% of patients. The most commonly placed AUS cuff and reservoir size was 4.5 cm and 61-70 H2 O, respectively. Incontinence data was available in 29 patients. Pre-AUS placement 22, 3, and 4 patients were totally, daytime and nighttime only incontinent, respectively. Post-AUS placement, incontinence persisted in 5, 1, and 2 patients with total, daytime and nighttime incontinence, respectively. Prior to AUS placement 11/36 patients received chemotherapy and 10/36 had radiation. Mean time to the first revision/explantation due to UI/erosion/infection/malfunction was an average of 28 (3-96) months after AUS placement and occurred in 21/35 (60%) patients. There was no significant correlation noted between PRFs and UI pre-/post-AUS or between PRFs and the need for AUS revision.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AUS is a safe, effective treatment with an acceptable complication rate for patients after RC/ONB with SUI.
authors.affiliation: University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California. mvainrib@gmail.com
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vainrib
authors.forename: Vannita
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Simma-Chiang
authors.forename: Stuart D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Boyd
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Ginsberg
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015653:Cystectomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D019738:Surgically-Created Structures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D014547:Urinary Diversion / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014550:Urinary Incontinence, Stress / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016741:Urinary Sphincter, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects
keywords: artificial urinary sphincter; orthotopic neobladder; outcomes; radical cystectomy; risk factors; urinary incontinence