title: Immobilization of chlorobenzenes in soil using wheat straw biochar.
abstract: Biochar has shown great potential for immobilizing organic contaminants in soil. In this study, pentachlorobenzene (PeCB), 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene (1,2,4,5-TeCB), and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (1,2,4-TCB) artificially spiked soil was amended with wheat straw biochar at 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, and 2% application rates, respectively. The sorption, dissipation, and bioavailability of chlorobenzenes (CBs) in soil were investigated. The sorption of PeCB by biochar was significantly higher than that of its sorption by both biochar-amended and unamended soil (p < 0.05). The dissipation and volatilization of CBs from biochar-amended soil significantly decreased relative to unamended soil (p < 0.05). Bioavailability of CBs, expressed as butanol extraction efficiency and earthworm (Eisenia fetida) bioaccumulation factor, significantly decreased with increasing aging time and biochar application rate. The effect of biochar content in soil on the bioavailability of CBs was more pronounced for 1,2,4-TCB relative to other CBs. This study suggested that wheat straw biochar, even at low application rates, could effectively immobilize the semivolatile CBs in soil and thus reduce their volatilization and bioavailability.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, P R China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Fredrick Orori
authors.initials: FO
authors.lastname: Kengara
authors.forename: Xinglun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Chenggang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D000440:Butanols; D002606:Charcoal / Q000737:chemistry*; D002722:Chlorobenzenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D009835:Oligochaeta / Q000378:metabolism; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000737:chemistry; D011786:Quality Control; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014908:Triticum / Q000737:chemistry; D014835:Volatilization
chemical_list: D000440:Butanols; D002722:Chlorobenzenes; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; C540010:biochar; C009947:1,2,4-trichlorobenzene; D002606:Charcoal; C018673:1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene; C003060:pentachlorobenzene