title: The search for a genetic factor associating with immune restoration disease in HIV patients co-infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Up to 43% of HIV-infected patients co-infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis experience exacerbations of tuberculosis (TB) after commencing antiretroviral therapy (ART). These are termed immune restoration disease (IRD). It is unclear why individual susceptibility varies.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We investigate if single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in genes encoding cytokines, chemokines and their receptors associate with development of an IRD event in patients of two different ethnicities.
  
  
  METHODS
  DNA samples were available from small well-characterised groups of HIV patients treated in Cambodia (TB-IRD, n=17; HIV(+)TB(+) controls, n=55) and India (TB-IRD, n=19; HIV(+)TB(+) controls, n= 43). HIV patients with a TB diagnosis but no evidence of IRD were included to control for susceptibility to TB per se. Sixteen SNP implicated in inflammation or mycobacterial disease were genotyped.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Susceptibility to TB-IRD associated with carriage of TNFA-1031*T (rs1799964; P=0.05) and SLC11A1 D543N*G (rs17235409; P=0.04) in Cambodian patients and carriage of IL18-607*G (rs1946518; P=0.02) and VDR FokI (F/f)*T (rs10735810; P=0.05) in Indian patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Associations between polymorphisms in immune-related genes and TB-IRD were found, but none were common across two ethnicities.
authors.affiliation: School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.
authors.forename: Jacquita S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Affandi
authors.forename: Manoj
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Upasna
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.forename: Sarman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Price
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002160:Cambodia; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018925:Chemokines / Q000235:genetics; D060085:Coinfection / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D054019:Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome / Q000235:genetics*; D007194:India; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D018925:Chemokines