title: Critical care nurses' knowledge of, adherence to and barriers towards evidence-based guidelines for the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia--a survey study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore critical care nurses' knowledge of, adherence to and barriers towards evidence-based guidelines for prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A quantitative cross-sectional survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two multiple-choice questionnaires were distributed to critical care nurses (n=101) in a single academic centre in Finland in the autumn of 2010. An independent-samples t-test was used to compare critical care nurses' knowledge and adherence within different groups. The principles of inductive content analysis were used to analyse the barriers towards evidence-based guidelines for prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean score in the knowledge test was 59.9%. More experienced nurses performed significantly better than their less-experienced colleagues (p=0.029). The overall, self-reported adherence was 84.0%. The main self-reported barriers towards evidence-based guidelines were inadequate resources and disagreement with the results as well as lack of time, skills, knowledge and guidance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is an ongoing need for improvements in education and effective implementation strategies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results could be used to inform local practice and stimulate debate on measures to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia. Education, guidelines as well as ventilator bundles and instruments should be developed and updated to improve infection control.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health Science, University of Oulu, Finland. miiajans@mail.student.oulu.fi
authors.forename: Miia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jansson
authors.forename: Tero
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ala-Kokko
authors.forename: Pekka
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ylipalosaari
authors.forename: Hannu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Syrjälä
authors.forename: Helvi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kyngäs
mesh_terms: D064648:Critical Care Nursing / Q000592:standards; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D055318:Evidence-Based Nursing; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D053717:Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated / Q000451:nursing* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic