title: Photographic assessment of cephalometric measurements.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relationship between craniofacial measurements obtained from cephalometric radiographs and analogous measurements from profile photographs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Lateral cephalograms and standardized facial profile photographs were obtained from a sample of 123 subjects (65 girls, 58 boys; age 7-12 years). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated from repeated photographic measurements to evaluate method reliability. Analogous cephalometric and photographic measurements were compared to assess Pearson correlation coefficients. Linear regression analyses were conducted between the measurements that achieved correlation coefficients greater than r  =  0.7.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The reliability of the photographic technique was satisfactory. Most measurements showed ICCs above 0.80 and highly significant correlations (P ≤ .001) with cephalometric variables. Among all measurements used, the A'N'B' angle was the most effective in explaining the variability of its analogous cephalometric, mainly for female subjects (r(2)  =  0.80). The FMA' angle showed the best results for vertical assessment (r(2)  =  0.65).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The photographic method has proven to be a repeatable and reproducible tool provided that a standardized protocol is followed. Therefore, it may be considered a feasible and practical diagnostic alternative, particularly if there is a need for a low-cost and noninvasive method.
authors.affiliation: a  Student, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara, UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Liliane
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: de Carvalho Rosas Gomes
authors.forename: Karla Orfelina Carpio
authors.initials: KO
authors.lastname: Horta
authors.forename: Luiz Gonzaga
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Gandini
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.forename: João Roberto
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
mesh_terms: D059925:Anatomic Landmarks; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D023861:Photography, Dental / Q000379:methods*; D011861:Radiography, Dental / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results