title: A comparative study of clinicopathological significance, FGFBP1, and WISP-2 expression between squamous cell/adenosquamous carcinomas and adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The differences in clinical, pathological, and biological characteristics between adenocarcinoma (AC) and squamous cell/adenosquamous carcinoma (SC/ASC) of gallbladder cancer have not been well documented. This study is to compare the clinicopathological characteristics and FGFBP1 and WISP-2 expression between AC and SC/ASC patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined FGFBP1 and WISP-2 expression in 46 SC/ASC and 80 AC samples using immunohistochemistry and analyzed their correlations with clinicopathological characteristics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SC/ASCs occur more frequently in older patients and often correspond to larger tumor masses than ACs. Positive FGFBP1 and negative WISP-2 expression were significantly associated with lymph node metastasis and invasion of SC/ASCs and ACs. In addition, positive FGFBP1 and negative WISP-2 expression were significantly associated with differentiation and TMN stage in ACs. Univariate Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that either elevated FGFBP1 (p < 0.001) or lowered WISP-2 (p < 0.001) expression was closely associated with decreased overall survival in both SC/ASC and AC patients. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that positive FGFBP1 expression (p = 0.001) or negative WISP-2 expression (p = 0.035 for SC/ASC and p = 0.009 for AC) is an independent predictor of poor prognosis in both SC/ASC and AC patients. We also revealed that differentiation, tumor size, TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, invasion, and surgical procedure were associated with survival of both SC/ASC and AC patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study suggested that the overexpression of FGFBP1 or loss of WISP-2 expression is closely related to the metastasis, invasion and poor prognosis of gallbladder cancer.
authors.affiliation: Research Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China, yangzhulin8@sina.com.
authors.forename: Zhulin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Zhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Qiong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Jinghe
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Daiqiang
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Lufeng
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Guixiang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Senlin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000737:chemistry / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D055511:CCN Intercellular Signaling Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000502:physiology; D018196:Carcinoma, Adenosquamous / Q000737:chemistry / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000737:chemistry / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005706:Gallbladder Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D055511:CCN Intercellular Signaling Proteins; C413323:CCN5 protein, human; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; C070699:FGFBP1 protein, human