title: Toxicity of increasing aflatoxin B1 concentrations from contaminated corn with or without clay adsorbent supplementation in ducklings.
abstract: A total of 1,280 1-d-old ducks were used in a study to investigate the effects of increasing aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) concentrations from naturally contaminated corn on young ducklings, and the effectiveness of a clay adsorbent (CA) to protect against those effects. Ducks were randomly allotted to 8 treatments (TRT) in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement with 4 levels of AFB1 (0, 25, 50, and 100 μg/kg) and 2 levels of CA (0 and 0.1%) with 8 pens per TRT and 20 ducks per pen. All ducks were allowed ad libitum access to feed and water during the 21-d experiment. The ADG, ADFI, feed conversion rate, mortality, bill color, and CV of BW of each replicate were measured at the end of the study. Blood and tissue samples from 8 ducks per TRT were obtained on d 21 of the experiment to determine the serum immunoglobulin and protein concentrations, relative organ weights, and intestinal morphology. Average daily gain and relative weights of the liver, spleen, thymus, and bursa of Fabricius decreased linearly (P < 0.05) as dietary AFB1 increased. Serum proteins and intestinal villi heights and villus/crypt ratio followed the same pattern. Bill decolorization ratio, CV of BW, and mortality increased linearly (P < 0.05) as dietary AFB1 increased. Adding 0.1% CA to the diet improved (P < 0.05) the relative weights of the small intestine, spleen, and thymus, and the villus height and villus/crypt ratio of the duodenum and jejunum, as well as the serum IgG and IgM concentrations. Adding CA also reduced (P < 0.05) bill decolorization ratio, CV of BW, mortality, and serum IgA concentration. Therefore, duck performance was negatively affected by increasing AFB1 concentrations in diets. But the addition of 0.1% CA can protect against the detrimental effects caused by AFB1-contaminated corn in diets for ducks.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, PR China.
authors.forename: X L
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.forename: Z B
authors.initials: ZB
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: S Z
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: G G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chi
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D016604:Aflatoxin B1 / Q000633:toxicity*; D000538:Aluminum Silicates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000382:microbiology*; D000818:Animals; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis / Q000662:veterinary; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000662:veterinary; D000077215:Clay; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004372:Ducks / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D005470:Fluorometry / Q000662:veterinary; D005516:Food Microbiology; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D011042:Poisons / Q000633:toxicity*; D003313:Zea mays / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D011042:Poisons; D016604:Aflatoxin B1; D000077215:Clay