title: Preemptive use of small dose fentanyl suppresses fentanyl induced cough.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fentanyl, a synthetic opioid, is a popular choice amongst anaesthesiologists in the operating room. Pre induction intravenous fentanyl bolus is associated with coughing in 28-65% of patients. Fentanyl induced cough is not always benign and can be remarkably troublesome at the most critical moment of anaesthesia when airway reflex is lost.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study the effect of pre emptive use of minimal dose fentanyl through the peripheral venous cannulae on the incidence of cough by a larger bolus of intravenous fentanyl.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and fifty patients aged 18-75 years undergoing elective surgical procedures were randomized into three groups of 50 each. The first group received 0.5 ml saline 0.9% intravenously one minute prior to the administration of fentanyl 150 μg (3 ml); the second group received pre emptive fentanyl 25 μg (0.5 ml) prior to the administration of fentanyl 125 μg (2.5 ml); and the third group received preemptive fentanyl 25 μg (0.5 ml), followed by the administration of fentanyl 150 μg (3 ml). Based on the number of coughs observed, cough severity was graded as mild (1-2), moderate (3-5), or severe (>5).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of fentanyl induced cough was significantly lower in both pre emptive group 4 (8%) for 125 μg fentanyl and 7 (14%) for 150 μg than in the saline group 15 (30%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pre-emptive use of minimal dose fentanyl 25 μg administered one minute before a larger bolus dose of fentanyl (125 or 150 μg) can effectively suppress cough.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Kathmandu University School of Medical Science, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital Dhulikhel Kavre, Nepal.
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Shrestha
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bhattarai
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Shah
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003371:Cough / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D005283:Fentanyl