title: Effects of perioperative hypothermia on healing of anastomosis of the colon in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the hypothesis that induced perioperative hypothermia in rats causes adverse effects on the healing of colonic anastomosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-eight Wistar rats were divided into eight groups of six animals that underwent laparotomy, sigmoid section, and anastomosis. Four groups were operated under normothermic conditions (36 ± 1 °C) and four under hypothermic conditions (32 ± 1 °C). The reoperations were performed on days 3, 7, and 14 post-surgery, and two groups where SHAM reoperated on day 3. We evaluated anastomotic bursting pressure and tissue hydroxyproline content; performed a histological analysis of inflammatory parameters and healing (inflammatory cell infiltrate, edema, fibrin, collagen deposition and apoptotic cells) with categorization scores = 0, 1, 2, 3; and examined the relative quantification gene expression (cDNA) of inflammatory cytokines [interleukin 1 (IL-1), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interleukin 10 (IL-10)] and growth factors [vascular endothelial growth factor and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)] by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both of the hypothermic groups showed lower anastomotic burst pressure on days 7 and 14 post-surgery, reduced hydroxyproline content on day 14, reduction of inflammatory infiltrates and edema at day 3, and less collagen deposition on day 14. In animals that were hypothermic, the cytokine gene expression showed reduced IL-1 on day 3, reduced IL-6 on days 7 and 14, and reduced IL-10 on days 7 and 14 and a reduction in the growth factor IGF-1 on day 7.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Perioperative hypothermia had detrimental effects on the healing of colonic anastomosis in rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Rua Prof. Maria Flora Pausewang, s/n, 88036-800 Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil. joaoc@ccs.ufsc.br
authors.forename: João Carlos Costa
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.forename: Camila Helena
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.forename: Henrique Eduardo
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.forename: Gianfranco Luigi
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Colombeli
authors.forename: Nicoli
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: De Bona Heck
authors.forename: Aline
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Armando José
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: D'Acâmpora
mesh_terms: D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical; D000818:Animals; D003106:Colon / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006909:Hydroxyproline / Q000378:metabolism; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D019990:Perioperative Care; D011312:Pressure; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014945:Wound Healing
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D006909:Hydroxyproline