title: Dietary supplementation of young broiler chickens with Capsicum and turmeric oleoresins increases resistance to necrotic enteritis.
abstract: The Clostridium-related poultry disease, necrotic enteritis (NE), causes substantial economic losses on a global scale. In the present study, a mixture of two plant-derived phytonutrients, Capsicum oleoresin and turmeric oleoresin (XT), was evaluated for its effects on local and systemic immune responses using a co-infection model of experimental NE in commercial broilers. Chickens were fed from hatch with a diet supplemented with XT, or with a non-supplemented control diet, and either uninfected or orally challenged with virulent Eimeria maxima oocysts at 14 d and Clostridium perfringens at 18 d of age. Parameters of protective immunity were as follows: (1) body weight; (2) gut lesions; (3) serum levels of C. perfringens α-toxin and NE B-like (NetB) toxin; (4) serum levels of antibodies to α-toxin and NetB toxin; (5) levels of gene transcripts encoding pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the intestine and spleen. Infected chickens fed the XT-supplemented diet had increased body weight and reduced gut lesion scores compared with infected birds given the non-supplemented diet. The XT-fed group also displayed decreased serum α-toxin levels and reduced intestinal IL-8, lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-α factor (LITAF), IL-17A and IL-17F mRNA levels, while cytokine/chemokine levels in splenocytes increased in the XT-fed group, compared with the animals fed the control diet. In conclusion, the present study documents the molecular and cellular immune changes following dietary supplementation with extracts of Capsicum and turmeric that may be relevant to protective immunity against avian NE.
authors.affiliation: Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, Agricultural Research Service-US Department of Agriculture, Building 1043, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
authors.forename: Sung Hyen
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hyun S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Lillehoj
authors.forename: Seung I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Erik P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Lillehoj
authors.forename: Wongi
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Min
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Bravo
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D002212:Capsicum / Q000737:chemistry*; D003015:Clostridium Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary; D003016:Clostridium perfringens / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity; D003048:Coccidiosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary; D060085:Coinfection / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary; D030024:Curcuma / Q000737:chemistry*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004539:Eimeria / Q000472:pathogenicity; D004751:Enteritis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D009336:Necrosis / Q000662:veterinary; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010738:Type C Phospholipases / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D016207:Cytokines; C572202:NE B-like toxin, Clostridium perfringens; D010936:Plant Extracts; C018620:oleoresins; D010738:Type C Phospholipases; C040649:alpha toxin, Clostridium perfringens