title: Grape powder supplementation prevents oxidative stress-induced anxiety-like behavior, memory impairment, and high blood pressure in rats.
abstract: We examined whether or not grape powder treatment ameliorates oxidative stress-induced anxiety-like behavior, memory impairment, and hypertension in rats. Oxidative stress in Sprague-Dawley rats was produced by using L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO). Four groups of rats were used: 1) control (C; injected with vehicle and provided with tap water), 2) grape powder-treated (GP; injected with vehicle and provided for 3 wk with 15 g/L grape powder dissolved in tap water), 3) BSO-treated [injected with BSO (300 mg/kg body weight), i.p. for 7 d and provided with tap water], and 4) BSO plus grape powder-treated (GP+BSO; injected with BSO and provided with grape powder-treated tap water). Anxiety-like behavior was significantly greater in BSO rats compared with C or GP rats (P < 0.05). Grape powder attenuated BSO-induced anxiety-like behavior in GP+BSO rats. BSO rats made significantly more errors in both short- and long-term memory tests compared with C or GP rats (P < 0.05), which was prevented in GP+BSO rats. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure was significantly greater in BSO rats compared with C or GP rats (P < 0.05), whereas grape powder prevented high blood pressure in GP+BSO rats. Furthermore, brain extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 (ERK-1/2) was activated (P < 0.05), whereas levels of glyoxalase-1 (GLO-1), glutathione reductase-1 (GSR-1), calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type IV (CAMK-IV), cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were significantly less (P < 0.05) in BSO but not in GP+BSO rats compared with C or GP rats. We suggest that by regulating brain ERK-1/2, GLO-1, GSR-1, CAMK-IV, CREB, and BDNF levels, grape powder prevents oxidative stress-induced anxiety, memory impairment, and hypertension in rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Farida
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Allam
authors.forename: An T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Dao
authors.forename: Gaurav
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chugh
authors.forename: Ritu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bohat
authors.forename: Faizan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jafri
authors.forename: Gaurav
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Patki
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mowrey
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Asghar
authors.forename: Karim A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Alkadhi
authors.forename: Samina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Salim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D001923:Brain Chemistry; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000032:analysis; D019328:Buthionine Sulfoximine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D054734:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 4 / Q000032:analysis; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein / Q000032:analysis; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D057141:Food, Preserved; D005612:Freeze Drying; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000032:analysis; D006973:Hypertension / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007791:Lactoylglutathione Lyase / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000008:administration & dosage; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; D059808:Polyphenols; D019328:Buthionine Sulfoximine; D005980:Glutathione Reductase; D054734:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 4; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D007791:Lactoylglutathione Lyase