title: Manipulating the PD-1 pathway to improve immunity.
abstract: PD-1 is an inhibitory receptor induced in T cells by antigen stimulation and sustained PD-1 expression plays a key role in T cell dysfunction. Blocking PD-1 signaling rescues exhausted T cells and is an effective treatment for chronic infections and cancer. Nonetheless, combining PD-1 pathway blockade to therapeutic vaccination should further improve T cell rescue. PD-1 is induced shortly after T cell priming, but little is known about the role of PD-1 in the initiation of immune responses. In addition, the PD-1 pathway may also modulate humoral responses, since both B cells and Tfh cells express PD-1. Therefore, even though much progress has been achieved by manipulation of the PD-1 pathway to rescue exhausted T cells, this powerful immunotherapy could still be further exploited.
authors.affiliation: Emory Vaccine Center and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
authors.forename: Alice O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Kamphorst
authors.forename: Rafi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ahmed
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D008024:Ligands; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D014611:Vaccination
chemical_list: D008024:Ligands; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor