title: Evolution of cortical and thalamus atrophy and disability progression in early relapsing-remitting MS during 5 years.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pathologic changes in GM have an important role in MS. We investigated the association between SDGM and cortical volume changes and disability progression in early RRMS.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred eighty patients with RRMS had clinical assessment during 5 years and were divided into those with or without SDP at 5 years by the usual definition in treatment trials. The number of available MR imaging scans at various time points was the following: at baseline, 178; and at 6 months, 172; at 12 months, 175; at 24 months, 155; at 36 months, 160; at 48 months, 158; and at 60 months, 162, respectively. Longitudinal changes in cortical, GM, and WM volume were calculated by using the direct method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 5 years, 90 patients with RRMS experienced SDP and 90 had stable disease. At baseline, patients with SDP had longer disease duration, greater T2-lesion volume, and smaller whole-brain, WM, cortical, and SDGM volume (P < .01). At 5 years, patients with SDP had significantly greater percentage decreases from baseline compared with those without SDP in the volume of the whole brain (P < .0001), cortex (P = .001), GM (P = .003), and thalamus (P = .01). In patients who developed SDP at 5 years and those who did not, mixed-effect models, adjusted for age, disease duration, and change of the treatment status, showed significant interactions between SDP status at 5 years and changes with time in whole-brain, cortical, lateral ventricle (all P < .001), thalamus (P = .006), and total SDGM (P = .0095) volume.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SDP is associated with progression of cortical, central, and thalamic atrophy in early RRMS during 5 years.
authors.affiliation: Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zivadinov
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bergsland
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Dolezal
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hussein
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Seidl
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Dwyer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vaneckova
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Krasensky
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Potts
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kalincik
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Havrdová
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Horáková
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D001284:Atrophy / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001379:Azathioprine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D018450:Disease Progression; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000068556:Interferon beta-1a; D016899:Interferon-beta / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D020529:Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013256:Steroids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013788:Thalamus / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D013256:Steroids; D016899:Interferon-beta; D001379:Azathioprine; D000068556:Interferon beta-1a