title: Biventricular capture verification by means of morphological analysis of intracardiac electrogram.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to develop a new feature for automatic biventricular capture verification in cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) devices, by means of morphological analysis of the intracardiac electrogram (IEGM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The algorithm performs capture classification based on a novel adaptive signed correlation index (ASCI), which measures morphological similarity between the post-pace IEGM and a template waveform representing captured paces. To evaluate the performance of the algorithm, CRT pacemakers were implanted in six dogs. During a mean follow-up of 23 days, 175 biventricular threshold tests were conducted with various configurations of pace/sense polarities. Biventricular IEGMs were recorded and downloaded for offline analysis. Template signals for each pace/sense configuration in each chamber were created for individual dogs during the first follow-up. Each pace was annotated for capture or non-capture by visual examination of the IEGM. A total of 9991 capture paces and 4474 non-capture paces were included for morphological analysis. The calculated ASCI values were well separated for capture and non-capture paces irrespective of right/left pacing chambers, pace/sense configurations, pacing amplitude, individual dogs, and temporal proximity of the capture templates. Overall, the classification accuracy of the algorithm remained ≥99% for any ASCI cut-off value choosing between 0.18 and 0.52.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated the feasibility to perform automatic biventricular capture verification based on morphological analysis of the IEGM.
authors.affiliation: Micro Systems Engineering Inc., 6024 SW Jean Road, Lake Oswego, OR 97035, USA.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lian
authors.forename: Garth
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Garner
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Muessig
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; D058409:Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Devices; D004285:Dogs; D022062:Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac / Q000379:methods*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D023421:Models, Animal; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology*; D016278:Ventricular Function, Right / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Adaptive signed correlation index; Biventricular pacing; Capture verification; Intracardiac electrogram; Morphological analysis