title: Identification and characterization of novel multiple bacteriocins produced by Lactobacillus sakei D98.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize novel multiple bacteriocins produced by Lactobacillus sakei D98.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lactobacillus sakei D98 isolated from Shubo (rice malt) produced at least three bacteriocins. Using three purification steps, three novel antimicrobial peptides termed sakacin D98a, sakacin D98b and sakacin D98c were purified from the culture supernatant. Amino acid and DNA sequencing analysis revealed that the sakacins D98a, D98b and D98c are novel class IIa-like or class IId bacteriocins. In particular, sakacin D98b has a variant pediocin-box sequence, YANGVXC (with Ala instead of Gly), and a different location for the disulfide bridge (Cys(11) and Cys(18)) from that found in other class IIa bacteriocins.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Three novel bacteriocins were identified from Lactobacillus sakei D98. Their antimicrobial spectra and intensities indicate that these sakacins would have different modes of action. In addition, sakacin D98b showed low inhibitory activity against Listeria, probably due to the differences in amino acids and position of the disulfide bridge compared with the other class IIa bacteriocins.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sakacins D98a and D98c are novel bacteriocins belonging to class IId bacteriocins. On the other hand, sakacin D98b, a class IIa-like bacteriocin, has a unique internal structure and activity spectrum.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Division of Applied Molecular Microbiology and Biomass Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sawa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koga
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okamura
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ishibashi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zendo
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sonomoto
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001430:Bacteriocins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001483:Base Sequence; D004220:Disulfides / Q000737:chemistry; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001430:Bacteriocins; D004220:Disulfides