title: Phacoemulsification without preoperative topical mydriatics: induction and sustainability of mydriasis with intracameral mydriatic solution.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intracameral mydriatic solution can eliminate the disadvantages of repeated eye drop instillation regimen and provide adequate mydriasis for phacoemulsification with added advantages.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Evaluating the role of intracameral irrigating solution (0.5% lignocaine + 0.001% epinephrine) in initiating and maintaining the pupillary mydriasis during phacoemulsification. Secondary aims were to observe the effect of surgical time, nucleus density and ultrasound time on mydriasis during the procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study is a prospective interventional case series, conducted at tertiary care institution.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty patients underwent phacoemulsification under topical anesthesia for visually significant cataract. Pupillary dilatation was achieved by intracameral irrigation of mydriatic solution alone. Pupillary diameter was measured serially during surgery and ultrasound time and total surgical time were noted.
  
  
  METHODS
  Paired samples student-t test was done to compare means. Spearman correlation coefficient was used to study the effect of various parameters on mydriasis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty eyes completed the study. The pupil size increased from 2.1 mm (Range 2-3.5 mm SD ± 0.32) to 6.9 mm (Range 5-9 mm SD ± 1.02) in 30 seconds time after intracameral mydriatic solution delivery, and was 7.0 mm (Range 3.5 - 9 mm SD ± 0.20) at the end of surgery. Duration of surgery, grade of nucleus and ultrasound time had statistically insignificant effect on mydriasis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intracameral solution containing 0.5% lignocaine and 0.001% epinephrine provides rapid mydriasis which is adequate for safe phacoemulsification and is unaffected by other parameters.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Chatrapati Sahuji Maharaaj Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Sanjiv K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Ajai
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Swati
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.forename: Siddarth
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Agarwal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000867:Anterior Chamber; D002386:Cataract / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D007908:Lens, Crystalline / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015878:Mydriasis / Q000139:chemically induced*; D009184:Mydriatics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D018918:Phacoemulsification / Q000379:methods*; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011680:Pupil / Q000187:drug effects; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D009184:Mydriatics; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions