title: Comparison of the International Committee of the Red Cross foot with the solid ankle cushion heel foot during gait: a randomized double-blind study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the well-recognized solid ankle cushion heel (SACH) foot with the prosthetic foot developed by the International Committee of the Red Cross (CR Equipements SACH) during gait.
  
  
  METHODS
  Double-blind study was conducted to compare the influence on the biomechanics of gait of the CR Equipements SACH foot and the SACH foot.
  
  
  METHODS
  University hospital research center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants with unilateral transtibial amputation (N=15) were included.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three-dimensional motion analysis system and 2 forceplates were used to capture body motion and ground reaction forces during gait at a self-selected speed and at 1.2m/s.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nonparametric Wilcoxon matched-pairs tests were used to compare the 2 prosthetic feet with respect to their spatiotemporal (gait velocity, stride length, and percentage of stance phase), kinematic (range and peak angles of the pelvis, hip, knee, and ankle), and kinetic (peak moment and power of the hip, knee, and ankle) parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the SACH foot, the CR Equipements SACH foot demonstrated a significantly greater stance phase symmetry ratio (SACH: 94% vs CR Equipements SACH: 97%), a more extensive ankle range of motion in the sagittal plane (SACH: 7° vs CR Equipements SACH: 12°), a greater maximal dorsiflexion angle during the terminal stance phase (SACH: 10° vs CR Equipements SACH: 13°), and a higher ankle power (SACH: .31W/kg vs CR Equipements SACH: .40W/kg). No significant difference was found for the examined knee, hip, and pelvis parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The CR Equipements SACH foot provides more symmetry and improves ankle kinematics and kinetics in the sagittal plane compared with the SACH foot. This study suggests that individuals using the CR Equipements SACH foot improve their gait biomechanics compared when using the SACH foot.
authors.affiliation: Willy Taillard Laboratory of Kinesiology, Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland. kturcot@gmail.com
authors.forename: Katia
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Turcot
authors.forename: Yoshimasa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sagawa
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lacraz
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lenoir
authors.forename: Mathieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Assal
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Armand
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000671:Amputation, Surgical; D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000502:physiology*; D001186:Artificial Limbs; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005528:Foot; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology*; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology; D016474:Weight-Bearing / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: 3D; Amputees; Biomechanics; ESAR; Gait; ICRC; International Committee of the Red Cross; Kinetics; Red Cross; Rehabilitation; SACH; energy storage and return; solid ankle cushion heel; three-dimensional