title: Simultaneous enrichment of cereals with polyunsaturated fatty acids and pigments by fungal solid state fermentations.
abstract: Four Mucor strains were tested for their ability to grow on four cereal substrates and enriched them with gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) and β-carotene. M. circinelloides CCF-2617 as the best producer accumulated of both GLA and β-carotene in high amounts during utilization of rye bran/spent malt grains (3:1). The first growth phase was characterized by rapid GLA biosynthesis, while distinct β-carotene formation was found in the stationary fungal growth. Therefore various cultivation conditions were tested in order to optimize the yield of either GLA or β-carotene. The fungus grown on cereal substrate supplemented with glucose produced maximal 8.5 mg β-carotene and 12.1 g GLA in 1 kg fermented substrate, respectively. On the other hand, the highest amount of GLA in the fermented substrate (24.2 g/kg) was achieved when 30% of sunflower oil was employed to the substrate. Interestingly, β-carotene biosynthesis was completely inhibited when either whey or linseed oil were added to the substrate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemical Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovak Republic. Electronic address: milan.certik@stuba.sk.
authors.forename: Milan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Čertík
authors.forename: Zuzana
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Adamechová
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guothová
mesh_terms: D019149:Bioreactors; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000378:metabolism*; D005285:Fermentation; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D008043:Linseed Oil / Q000378:metabolism; D009089:Mucor / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000378:metabolism*; D000074242:Sunflower Oil; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D017965:gamma-Linolenic Acid / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D010938:Plant Oils; D000074242:Sunflower Oil; D019207:beta Carotene; D017965:gamma-Linolenic Acid; D008043:Linseed Oil; D005947:Glucose
keywords: Cereals; Fungi; GLA; Gamma-linolenic acid; PUFA; SMG; SSF; Solid state fermentation; gamma-linolenic acid; polyunsaturated fatty acid; solid state fermentations; spent malt grains; β-Carotene