title: In vivo dissection of the estrogen receptor alpha: uncoupling of its physiological effects and medical perspectives.
abstract: Given this widespread role for estrogen in human physiology, it is not surprising that estrogen influence the pathophysiology of numerous diseases, including cancer (of the reproductive tract as breast, endometrial but also colorectal, prostate…), as well as neurodegenerative, inflammatory-immune, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, and osteoporosis. These actions are mediated by the activation of estrogen receptors (ER) alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ), which regulate target gene transcription (genomic action) through two independent activation functions (AF)-1 and AF-2, but can also elicit rapid membrane initiated steroid signals (MISS). Targeted ER gene inactivation has shown that although ERβ plays an important role in the central nervous system and in the heart, ERα appears to play a prominent role in most of the other tissues. Pharmacological activation or inhibition of ERα and/or ERβ provides already the basis for many therapeutic interventions, from contraception or hormone replacement at menopause to prevention of the recurrence of breast cancer. However, the use of these estrogens or selective estrogen receptors modulators (SERMs) have also induced undesired effects. Thus, an important challenge consists now to uncouple the beneficial actions from other deleterious ones. We summarize here an in vivo molecular "dissection" that allows to delineate in mouse the role of the main "subfunctions" of the receptor. This could pave the way to an optimization of the ER modulation.
authors.affiliation: Inserm U1048-I2MC, Équipe 9, Estrogen receptor: in vivo dissection and modulation, faculté de médecine, université de Toulouse, CHU Rangueil, bâtiment L3, 3e étage, 1, avenue Jean-Poulhès, BP 84225, 31432 Toulouse cedex 4, France. jean-francois.arnal@inserm.fr
authors.forename: Jean-François
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Arnal
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gourdy
authors.forename: Françoise
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lenfant
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D004967:Estrogens / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: C506487:ESR1 protein, human; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D004967:Estrogens; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators