title: Histological, cytological and biochemical alterations induced by microcystin-LR and cylindrospermopsin in white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) seedlings.
abstract: This study compares the histological, cytological and biochemical effects of the cyanobacterial toxins microcystin-LR (MCY-LR) and cylindrospermopsin (CYN) in white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) seedlings, with special regard to the developing root system. Cyanotoxins induced different alterations, indicating their different specific biochemical activities. MCY-LR stimulated mitosis of root tip meristematic cells at lower concentrations (1 μg ml-1) and inhibited it at higher concentrations, while CYN had only inhibitory effects. Low CYN concentrations (0.01 μg ml-1) stimulated lateral root formation, whereas low MCY-LR concentrations increased only the number of lateral root primordia. Both inhibited lateral root development at higher concentrations. They induced lignifications, abnormal cell swelling and inhibited xylem differentiation in roots and shoots. MCY-LR and CYN induced the disruption of metaphase and anaphase spindles, causing altered cell divisions. Similar alterations could be related to decreased protein phosphatase (PP1 and PP2A) activities in shoots and roots. However, in vitro phosphatase assay with purified PP1 catalytic subunit proved that CYN in contrast to MCY-LR, decreased phosphatase activities of mustard in a non-specific way. This study intends to contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms of toxic effects of a protein phosphatase (MCY-LR) and a protein synthesis (CYN) inhibitory cyanotoxin in vascular plants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Máthé
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vasas
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Borbély
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Erdődi
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Beyer
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kiss
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Surányi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gonda
authors.forename: Katalin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jámbrik
authors.forename: Márta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: M-Hamvas
mesh_terms: D000470:Alkaloids; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D000087522:Cyanobacteria Toxins; D008387:Marine Toxins; D052998:Microcystins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008938:Mitosis / Q000187:drug effects; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D036226:Seedlings / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D031226:Sinapis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D014498:Uracil / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D000087522:Cyanobacteria Toxins; D008387:Marine Toxins; D052998:Microcystins; C089595:cylindrospermopsin; D014498:Uracil; C057862:cyanoginosin LR