title: Systemic lupus erythematosus associated with Moyamoya syndrome: a case report and literature review.
abstract: Moyamoya syndrome (MMS) is a rare, chronic progressive cerebrovascular occlusive disease that is characterized by a stenosis or occlusion of the bilateral internal carotid arteries and the circle of Willis arteries leading to the development of collateral vessels as visualized by cerebral angiography. We report a case of a 24-year-old woman with nephrotic syndrome whose biopsy showed membranous nephropathy. Ten months after the diagnosis she suffered sudden right hemiplegia and seizure. She was diagnosed with MMS by angiogram seven months ago and received decompressive craniotomy. The patient was admitted to our hospital and a diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was made. Glucocorticoids and tacrolimus were used to control the symptoms of SLE. Following one month of immunosuppressant treatment, the patient died of brain hemorrhage. This case alongside another six reviewed cases shows that an underlying cerebrovascular lesion of moyamoya in the vessels of patients with SLE is susceptible to cerebrovascular accidents.
authors.affiliation: Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D003399:Craniotomy / Q000379:methods; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020300:Intracranial Hemorrhages / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D009072:Moyamoya Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D009404:Nephrotic Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000627:therapeutic use; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016559:Tacrolimus
keywords: Systemic lupus erythematosus; cerebral vascular hemorrhage; internal carotid artery occlusion; moyamoya syndrome; nephrotic syndrome