title: In vivo confocal microscopy in chloroquine-induced keratopathy.
abstract: In vivo confocal microscopy is becoming a mandatory examination to study corneal abnormalities such as drug deposits in systemic disease. A female diagnosed with fibromyalgia on systemic chloroquine for 9 months presented for an ophthalmic examination. Confocal microscopy was performed using the Confoscan 4 (Nidek Co. Ltd., Gamagori, Japan) and multiple highly reflective deposits in the epithelial basal cells were found, that were consistent with choloquine. Deposits were also present in the wing cell layer. In the anterior stroma these deposits were rare. Atypically shaped and branched nerves were also present in the anterior stroma. Corneal deposits of chloroquine can be evaluated by confocal microscopy. Confocal microscopy provides information on corneal metabolism and physiology. Chloroquine keratopathy can affect the anterior stroma in addition to the epithelium.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oto-Neuro-Ophthalmological Surgical Sciences, Eye Clinic, University of Florence, Policlinic of Careggi, Viale Morgagni 85, 50134, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Iacopo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Paladini
authors.forename: Ugo
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Menchini
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mencucci
mesh_terms: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002452:Cell Count; D002738:Chloroquine / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003316:Corneal Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003319:Corneal Stroma / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D005356:Fibromyalgia / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D002738:Chloroquine
keywords: Chloroquine; Confocal Microscopy; Cornea; Fibromyalgia