title: Approaches for the simultaneous detection of thiamphenicol, florfenicol and florfenicol amine using immunochemical techniques.
abstract: Thiamphenicol and florfenicol are antibacterial agents permitted for use as veterinary drugs in animals used for food production. However, as the EU has established maximum residue limits for both and the metabolite florfenicol amine, there is a requirement to monitor animal food products for their residues. In this study antisera were generated which can simultaneously detect thiamphenicol, florfenicol and florfenicol amine in an immunoassay. Details of the various coupling techniques employed to prepare immunogens and enzyme labels are provided and the antibodies produced have been assessed, in homologous and heterologous ELISA formats, with respect to sensitivity and specificity. It was found that while the antisera raised to thiamphenicol and florfenicol generally performed better in a heterologous set up, those raised to florfenicol amine were not only less affected by the assay format but also produced the most sensitive antibodies to all three target analytes. Antisera matched previous sensitivity (IC₅₀ < 1 ng mL⁻¹) but had improved cross-reactivity (>100%) to thiamphenicol and florfenicol.
authors.affiliation: Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Veterinary Sciences Division, Stoney Road, Belfast BT4 3SD, UK. terence.fodey@afbini.gov.uk
authors.forename: Terence L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Fodey
authors.forename: Suja E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: George
authors.forename: Imelda M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Traynor
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Delahaut
authors.forename: D Glenn
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.forename: Christopher T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Elliott
authors.forename: Steven R H
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Crooks
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000276:immunology; D005523:Food Supply; D006801:Humans; D007106:Immune Sera / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000379:methods*; D011817:Rabbits; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013839:Thiamphenicol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D007106:Immune Sera; C083312:florfenicol amine; C035534:florfenicol; D013839:Thiamphenicol