title: Biological activities of Solanum pseudocapsicum (Solanaceae) against cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera Hübner and armyworm, Spodoptera litura Fabricius (Lepidotera: Noctuidae).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the antifeedant, insecticidal and growth inhibition activities of Solanum pseudocapsicum (S. pseudocapsicum) seed extracts against Spodoptera litura (S. litura) and Helicoverpa armigera (H. armigera).
  
  
  METHODS
  Hexane, diethyl ether, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate seed extracts were prepared and tested for antifeedant, insecticidal and growth inhibitory activities against fourth instar larvae of S. litura and H. armigera.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ethyl acetate extract showed promising antifeedant and insecticidal activities against S. litura and H. armigera. Percentage of deformed larvae, pupae and adults were maximum in treatment of ethyl acetate extract. Percentage of successful adult emergence was deteriorated by seeds on extract treated larvae.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ethyl acetate extracts of S. pseudocapsicum, showed higher efficiency of antifeedant, insecticidal and growth inhibition activities. Hence, it can be used to controll agricultural insect pests, S. litura and H. armigera.
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology & Botany, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Musiri-621 211 Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Alagarmalai
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jeyasankar
authors.forename: Selvaraj
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Premalatha
authors.forename: Kuppusamy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Elumalai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D009036:Moths / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D010571:Pest Control; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D019657:Solanaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D018411:Spodoptera / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Antifeedant; Helicoverpa armigera; Insecticidal; Solanum pseudocapsicum; Spodoptera litura