title: Infection of Schistosomiasis japanicum is likely to enhance proliferation and migration of human breast cancer cells: mechanism of action of differential expression of MMP2 and MMP9.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study whether the infection of Schistosomiasis japanicum (S. japanicum) is related to enhanced proliferation and migration of cancer cells, and the molecular mechanism pertains to cancer cell metastasis in human host.
  
  
  METHODS
  The gene of S. japanicum glutathione transferase (sjGST) cloned from S. japanicum was expressed, purified and applied in a series of assays to explore the effect of sjGST on proliferation and migration of MDA-MB-435S, and the expression of MMP2 and MMP9. Immunofluorescence assay for the binding of sjGST to MDA-MB-435S was also carried out.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results showed that sjGST enhanced proliferation and migration in human breast cancer cell MDA-MB-435S signifycantly at 50-200 nM, but did not enhance them in human lung cancer cell A549. Immunofluorescence assay for the binding of sjGST to MDA-MB-435S and A549 showed that GST was readily bound to the breast cancer cells, but showed almost no binding to human lung cancer cells. The assays for gelatinase activity showed that both MMP2 and MMP9 activities were increased significantly in the presence of sjGST (50-200 nM) in MDA-MB-435S, but they were not significant in A549.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our current results show strongly that S. japanicum GST binds to MDA-MB-435S probably via its receptor, and enhances proliferation and migration of the cancer cells by up-regulatory expression of MMP2 and MMP9.
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, China Medical University School of Medicine, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ya-Ling
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Rakesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ramanujum
authors.forename: Shiping
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: He
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D012554:Schistosomiasis japonica / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D015800:Protozoan Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; C522361:MMP2 protein, human; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; C579270:MMP9 protein, human; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9
keywords: Breast cancer; Gelatinase; Glutathione s-transferase; Infection; MMP2 and MMP9; Migration; Proliferation; Schistosomiasis japanicum