title: Revisiting right atrial isolation rationale for atrial fibrillation: functional anatomy of interatrial connections.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Direct catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation does not yield reproducible permanent control as for other atrial arrhythmias. Therefore, there is a need for an alternative intervention, i.e., left atrial exclusion, based on elective ablation of the interatrial connecting bundles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We describe the "operative anatomy" of the three major interatrial connections: the Bachmann bundle, the coronary sinus bundle, and the left atrial-atrioventricular node connection, based on macroscopic dissections of human and porcine hearts and our previous experience. We identified the three right atrial attachments, with the coronary sinus (CS) and left atrial (LA)-atrioventricular (AV) nodal connection being most problematic for safe ablation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To obtain a complete isolation of the left from the right atrium, all three connections must be ablated. The CS connection must be ablated distal to the ostium. If present, the LA-AV nodal connection can be safely ablated from the left atrium.
authors.affiliation: Canadian Surgical Technologies and Advance Robotics, Lawson Health Research Institute, London Health Science Center, University Campus, CSTAR Legacy Building, 339 Windermere Road, London, Ontario, N6A 5A5, Canada. gguiraud@uwo.ca
authors.forename: Gerard M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Guiraudon
authors.forename: Douglas L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Allan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Skanes
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tweedie
authors.forename: George J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Klein
mesh_terms: D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery*; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular