title: Association of atopic and non-atopic asthma with emotional symptoms in school children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To date, there is conflicting evidence whether the association between asthma and depression depends on the atopic or non-atopic asthma phenotype. This study investigates associations between emotional symptoms and atopic and non-atopic asthma in school-aged children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional data on asthma and allergic diseases at the 10-year follow-up of two birth cohorts were collected by parent-reported physician diagnoses. Specific IgE levels including most common inhalant allergens (SX1) and food allergens (FX5) were measured by RAST-CAP FEIA. Atopic asthma was defined as asthma ever and positive specific IgE test, non-atopic asthma as asthma ever and no IgE sensitization. Emotional symptoms were assessed by parent-reported strength and difficulty questionnaire. Logistic regression modeling were applied to determine likelihood of emotional symptoms in children with atopic and non-atopic asthma controlling for socio-demographic factors, body mass index, atopic eczema, allergic rhinitis, and pubertal development.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Non-atopic asthma was associated with about 3-fold higher likelihood of emotional symptoms compared to children with no asthma (ORadj = 2.90, CI95% = 1.46-5.73). Atopic asthma was not associated with emotional symptoms (ORadj = 1.35, CI95% = 0.81-2.26).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Atopic and non-atopic asthma in children might have different etiologies, whereas for non-atopic asthma, emotional symptoms are relevant, this is not the case in atopic asthma. The relationship between the non-atopic asthma phenotype and emotional symptoms might be dependent on gender.
authors.affiliation: Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology I, Neuherberg, Germany. gabriele.kohlboeck@helmholtzmuenchen.de
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kohlboeck
authors.forename: Sibylle
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koletzko
authors.forename: Carl-Peter
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: von Berg
authors.forename: Dietrich
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Berdel
authors.forename: Ursula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Krämer
authors.forename: Beate
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schaaf
authors.forename: Irina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lehmann
authors.forename: Olf
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Herbarth
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Heinrich
mesh_terms: D000485:Allergens / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology; D001249:Asthma / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005502:Food / Q000009:adverse effects; D005512:Food Hypersensitivity / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000009:adverse effects; D011153:Population; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D052638:Particulate Matter; D007073:Immunoglobulin E