title: Novel insights into gene regulation of the rudivirus SIRV2 infecting Sulfolobus cells.
abstract: Microarray analysis of infection by a lytic Sulfolobus rudivirus, SIRV2, revealed both the temporal expression of viral genes and the differential regulation of host genes. A highly susceptible strain derived from Sulfolobus solfataricus P2 with a large genomic deletion spanning CRISPR clusters A to D was infected with SIRV2, and subjected to a microarray analysis. Transcripts from a few viral genes were detected at 15 min post-infection and all except one were expressed within 2 h. The earliest expressed genes were located mainly at the termini of the linear viral genome while later expressed genes were concentrated in the central region. Timing of the expression correlated with the known or predicted functions of the viral gene products and, thus, should facilitate functional characterization of many hypothetical viral genes. Evaluation of the microarray data with quantitative reverse-transcription PCR analyses of a few selected viral genes revealed a good correlation between the two methods. Expression of about 3,000 host genes was examined. Seventy-two were downregulated>2-fold that were mainly associated with stress response and vesicle formation, as well as chromosome structure maintenance, which appears to contribute to host chromosome degradation and cellular collapse. A further 76 host genes were upregulated>2-fold and they were dominated by genes associated with metabolism and membrane transport, including phosphate transport and DNA precursor synthesis. The altered transcriptional patterns suggest that the virus reprograms the host cellular machinery to facilitate its own DNA replication and to inhibit cellular processes required for defense against viruses.
authors.affiliation: Archaea Centre, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Ebru
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Okutan
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Saideh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mirlashari
authors.forename: Kristine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Uldahl
authors.forename: Mayada
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Halim
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Roger A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Garrett
authors.forename: Qunxin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: She
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Peng
mesh_terms: D019843:Archaeal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D064112:Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats / Q000235:genetics; D004261:DNA Replication; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D019848:Gene Expression Regulation, Archaeal; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; D016679:Genome, Viral; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D023642:Rudiviridae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D048229:Sulfolobus solfataricus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000821:virology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D019843:Archaeal Proteins; D004279:DNA, Viral; D014764:Viral Proteins
keywords: archaea; lytic virus; microarray; stress response; temporal regulation