title: Cost-utility analysis of cataract surgery in Japan: a probabilistic Markov modeling study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate with the best available clinical data in Japan the cost-effectiveness of cataract surgery through the estimation of the incremental costs per quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained.
  
  
  METHODS
  A Markov model with a probabilistic cohort analysis was constructed to calculate the incremental costs per QALY gained by cataract surgery in Japan. A 1-year cycle length and a 20-year horizon were applied. Best available evidence in Japan supplied the model with data on the course of cataract surgery. Uncertainty was explored using univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In base case analysis, cataract surgery was associated with incremental costs of Japanese yen (¥) 551,513 (US$ 6,920) and incremental effectiveness of 3.38 QALYs per one cataract patient. The incremental cost effectiveness ratio (ICER) was ¥ 163,331 (US$ 2,049) per QALY. In Monte Carlo simulation, the average patient with cataract surgery accrued 4.65 [95 % confidence interval (CI): 2.75-5.69] more QALYs than patients without surgery, giving an ICER of ¥ 118,460 (95 % CI: 73,516-207,926) (US$ 1,486) per QALY.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cataract surgery in Japan is highly cost-effective even when allowing for the uncertainty of the known variability that exists in estimates of the costs, utilities, and postoperative complication rate.
authors.forename: Yoshimune
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hiratsuka
authors.forename: Masakazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Akune
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: Annabelle A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: Hidetoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohashi
authors.forename: Naoya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamagishi
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.forename: Shunichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fukuhara
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takura
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002386:Cataract / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002387:Cataract Extraction / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D015233:Models, Statistical; D015995:Prevalence; D011788:Quality of Life