title: Application of the combinative particle size reduction technology H 42 to produce fast dissolving glibenclamide tablets.
abstract: Standard particle size reduction techniques such as high pressure homogenization or wet bead milling are frequently used in the production of nanosuspensions. The need for micronized starting material and long process times are their evident disadvantages. Combinative particle size reduction technologies have been developed to overcome the drawbacks of the standard techniques. The H 42 combinative technology consists of a drug pre-treatment by means of spray-drying followed by standard high pressure homogenization. In the present paper, spray-drying process parameters influencing the diminution effectiveness, such as drug and surfactant concentration, were systematically analyzed. Subsequently, the untreated and pre-treated drug powders were homogenized for 20 cycles at 1500 bar. For untreated, micronized glibenclamide, the particle size analysis revealed a mean particle size of 772 nm and volume-based size distribution values of 2.686 μm (d50%) and 14.423 μm (d90%). The use of pre-treated material (10:1 glibenclamide/docusate sodium salt ratio spray-dried as ethanolic solution) resulted in a mean particle size of 236 nm and volume-based size distribution values of 0.131 μm (d50%) and 0.285 μm (d90%). These results were markedly improved compared to the standard process. The nanosuspensions were further transferred into tablet formulations. Wet granulation, freeze-drying and spray-drying were investigated as downstream methods to produce dry intermediates. Regarding the dissolution rate, the rank order of the downstream processes was as follows: Spray-drying>freeze-drying>wet granulation. The best drug release (90% within 10 min) was obtained for tablets produced with spray-dried nanosuspension containing 2% mannitol as matrix former. In comparison, the tablets processed with micronized glibenclamide showed a drug release of only 26% after 10 min. The H 42 combinative technology could be successfully applied in the production of small drug nanocrystals. A nanosuspension transfer to tablets that maintained the fast dissolution properties of the drug nanocrystals was successfully achieved.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmacy, Dept. of Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics and NutriCosmetics, Freie Universität Berlin, Kelchstr. 31, 12169 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Jaime
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Salazar
authors.forename: Rainer H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: Jan P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Möschwitzer
mesh_terms: D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D003890:Desiccation / Q000379:methods; D004143:Dioctyl Sulfosuccinic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D005905:Glyburide / Q000737:chemistry*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D007785:Lactose / Q000737:chemistry; D008353:Mannitol / Q000737:chemistry; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D011205:Povidone / Q000737:chemistry; D011312:Pressure; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate / Q000737:chemistry; D012995:Solubility; D013229:Stearic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D013607:Tablets; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D013229:Stearic Acids; D013607:Tablets; D004143:Dioctyl Sulfosuccinic Acid; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; D008353:Mannitol; C031183:stearic acid; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D011205:Povidone; D007785:Lactose; D005905:Glyburide
keywords: Drug nanocrystals; High pressure homogenization; Particle size reduction; Poorly soluble drugs; Spray-drying; Tableting