title: Outcomes following hip fracture surgery: a 2-year prospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the health outcomes in older people following hip fracture surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  A naturalistic prospective study of people who had undergone hip fracture surgery undertaken in three specialist inpatient orthopaedic units in Manchester, England, with follow-up for 2 years in primary care. One hundred forty-two people, age 60 and older who had undergone hip fracture surgery of whom 74 were interviewed at follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  Assessment of mood (using the Geriatric Depression Scale and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), cognitive function (Mini-Mental State Examination), pain (Wong-Baker and McGill scales), tests of function (Up and Go Test, Gait Test and Functional Reach), and Sickness Impact Profile.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-six percent of the original group had died by the time of the 2-year follow-up and associated with increasing age, poorer mobility, and higher levels of support. Sixteen percent of the group were found to be depressed, the only robust predictor of this being depression at entry to the study. There was a consistency in the presence or absence of depressive symptoms over the duration of the study. Forty-nine percent were able to walk independently at 2 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of depressive symptoms is associated with poor outcomes at 2 years. Few people recover from, or develop, depression over 2 years.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, England. Electronic address: alistair.burns@manchester.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Alistair
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Burns
authors.affiliation: Department of Psycho-Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, England.
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Younger
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Statistics, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester, England.
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, England.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Baldwin
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, England.
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tarrier
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, England.
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pendleton
authors.affiliation: Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Pennine Care NHS Foundation Trust, Lancashire, England.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, England.
authors.forename: Mike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Horan
authors.affiliation: Section of Mental Health and Aging, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, England.
authors.forename: Sube
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Banerjee
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006620:Hip Fractures / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality* / Q000523:psychology* / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Cognitive–behavioral therapy; depression; hip fracture