title: Long-term analysis to objectify the tumour grading by means of automated microscopic image analysis of the nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) in the case of breast carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Apart from a number of cases of inaccurate prognosis in regard to individual patients, the inter- and intra-observer variability of the classical, histological prognosis parameters have been under repeated discussion. For this reason, a long-term analysis was carried out in regard to overall survival by means of automated microscopic image analysis of the nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) to objectify tumour grading in the case of breast carcinoma.This consists of a selective representation of argyrophilic proteins that are associated with the nucleolus organising regions.
  
  
  METHODS
  The evaluation included 244 female patients with an average age of 59.3 years. The characterisation of the histological sections was carried out on the basis of the AMBA/R system. With this software the histometric characterisation level was evaluated in terms of the nucleolus organizer regions. The post-observation data were obtained from the clinical register and were complemented by mortality data from the cancer registers and by data supplied by the residents' registration office of Berlin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average post-observation period was 106.6 months. With the Cox-Regression the influence of the co-variables (conventional prognosis parameters and AgNOR parameters) were examined. In the model, only the parameters pN, G and various AgNOR parameters remain present.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a strong correlation between survival and selected AgNOR parameters. These could replace the conventional grading as the standard measure for the mitosis rate together with the pleomorphism level. Instead of the-time consuming AMBA/R system originally used, a new implementation of AgNOR quantification with modern VM systems could be applied.
  The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1449591192859058.
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Gynaecology-Breast Center, Berlin, Germany. klaus-juergen.winzer@charite.de
authors.forename: Klaus-Jürgen
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Winzer
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bellach
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hufnagl
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D034961:Antigens, Nuclear / Q000032:analysis; D057205:Automation, Laboratory; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000737:chemistry / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D008853:Microscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading / Q000379:methods*; D009697:Nucleolus Organizer Region / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012042:Registries; D012044:Regression Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012984:Software; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D034961:Antigens, Nuclear; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C051963:nucleolar organizer region associated proteins