title: Regulation of oxidative stress and somatostatin, cholecystokinin, apelin gene expressions by ghrelin in stomach of newborn diabetic rats.
abstract: The aim of the study was to determine whether ghrelin treatment has a protective effect on gene expression and biochemical changes in the stomach of newborn streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. In this study, four groups of Wistar rats were used: control, ghrelin control, diabetic and diabetic+ghrelin. The rats were sacrificed after four weeks of treatment for diabetes. The gene expressions of: somatostatin, cholecystokinin, apelin and the altered active caspase-3, active caspase-8, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, were investigated in the pyloric region of the stomach and antioxidant parameters were measured in all the stomach. Although ghrelin treatment to diabetic rats lowered the stomach lipid peroxidation levels, the stomach glutathione levels were increased. Exogenous ghrelin caused an increased activities of stomach catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase in diabetic rats. Numbers of somatostatin, cholecystokinin and proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunoreactive cells decreased in the diabetic+ghrelin group compared to the diabetic group. Apelin mRNA expressions were remarkably less in the diabetic+ghrelin rats than in diabetic rats. The results may indicate that ghrelin treatment has a protective effect to some extent on the diabetic rats. This protection is possibly accomplished through the antioxidant activity of ghrelin observed in type 2 diabetes. Consequently exogenous ghrelin may be a candidate for therapeutic treatment of diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, 34098 Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey; Health Services Vocational School, Istanbul Bilim University, 34394 Esentepe, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Zeynep Mine
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Coskun
authors.forename: Ozlem
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sacan
authors.forename: Ayse
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karatug
authors.forename: Neslihan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Turk
authors.forename: Refiye
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yanardag
authors.forename: Sehnaz
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bolkent
authors.forename: Sema
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bolkent
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D000073861:Apelin; D020169:Caspases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002374:Catalase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002766:Cholecystokinin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D054439:Ghrelin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013004:Somatostatin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013270:Stomach / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D013311:Streptozocin; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000073861:Apelin; C498579:Apln protein, rat; D054439:Ghrelin; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; D013004:Somatostatin; D013311:Streptozocin; D002766:Cholecystokinin; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005980:Glutathione Reductase; D020169:Caspases
keywords: 3-amino-9-ethyl-carbazole; 4-nitro blue tetrazolium chloride; 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-phosphate; AEC; AP; Antioxidants; BCIP; BSA; CAT; CCK; DM; Diabetes mellitus; GI; GP(x); GR; GSH; Gene expression; Ghrelin; LPO; NBT; PBS; PC12; PCNA; ROS; SOD; SS; SSC; STZ; STZ-diabetic rats; Stomach; apelin; bovine serum albumin; catalase; cholecystokinin; gastrointestinal; glutathione; glutathione peroxidase; glutathione reductase; i.p.; intraperitoneally; lipid peroxidation; pheochromocytoma; phosphate buffered saline; proliferating cell nuclear antigen; reactive oxygen; s.c.; saline sodium citrate; somatostatin; streptozotocin; subcutaneously; superoxide dismutase