title: BAG3-dependent noncanonical autophagy induced by proteasome inhibition in HepG2 cells.
abstract: Emerging lines of evidence have shown that blockade of ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) activates autophagy. The molecular players that regulate the relationship between them remain to be elucidated. Bcl-2 associated athanogene 3 (BAG3) is a member of the BAG co-chaperone family that regulates the ATPase activity of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) chaperone family. Studies on BAG3 have demonstrated that it plays multiple roles in physiological and pathological processes, including antiapoptotic activity, signal transduction, regulatory role in virus infection, cell adhesion and migration. Recent studies have attracted much attention on its role in initiation of autophagy. The current study, for the first time, demonstrates that proteasome inhibitors elicit noncanonical autophagy, which was not suppressed by inhibitors of class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PtdIns3K) or shRNA against Beclin 1 (BECN1). In addition, we demonstrate that BAG3 is ascribed to activation of autophagy elicited by proteasome inhibitors and MAPK8/9/10 (also known as JNK1/2/3 respectively) activation is also implicated via upregulation of BAG3. Moreover, we found that noncanonical autophagy mediated by BAG3 suppresses responsiveness of HepG2 cells to proteasome inhibitors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
authors.forename: Bao-Qin
authors.initials: BQ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Zhen-Xian
authors.initials: ZX
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Zhi-Hong
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Zong
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: De-Hui
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.forename: Hua-Qin
authors.initials: HQ
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000378:metabolism*; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D001343:Autophagy / Q000187:drug effects*; D000071186:Beclin-1; D058546:Class III Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D019610:Cytoprotection / Q000187:drug effects; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D010588:Phagosomes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / Q000378:metabolism*; D061988:Proteasome Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; C414431:BAG3 protein, human; C491997:BECN1 protein, human; D000071186:Beclin-1; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D061988:Proteasome Inhibitors; D058546:Class III Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex
keywords: BAG3; BECN1; crosstalk; noncanonical autophagy; ubiquitin proteasome system