title: Electrophysiological and behavioral responses of oriental fruit moth to the monoterpenoid citral alone and in combination with sex pheromone.
abstract: The monoterpenoid citral synergized the electroantennogram (EAG) response of male Grapholita molesta (Busck) antennae to its main pheromone compound Z8-12:OAc. The response to a 10-μg pheromone stimulus increased by 32, 45, 54, 71 and 94% with the addition of 0.1, 1, 10, 100 and 1,000 μg of citral, respectively. There was no detectable response to 0.1, 1, or 10 μg of citral; the response to 100 and 1,000 μg of citral was 31 and 79% of the response to 10 μg of Z8-12:OAc. In a flight tunnel, citral affected the mate-seeking behavior of males. There was a 66% reduction in the number of males orientating by flight to a virgin calling female when citral was emitted at 1,000 ng/min ≍1 cm downwind from a female. Pheromone and citral induced sensory adaptation in male antennae, but citral did not synergize the effect of pheromone. The exposure of antennae to 1 ng Z8-12:OAc/m(3) air, 1 ng citral/m3 air, 1 ng Z8-12:OAc + 1 ng citral/m3 air, or to 1 ng Z8-12:OAc + 100 ng citral/m3 air for 15 min resulted in a similar reduction in EAG response of 47-63%. The exposure of males to these same treatments for 15 min had no effect on their ability to orientate to a virgin calling female in a flight tunnel. The potential for using citral to control G. molesta by mating disruption is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, P.O. Box 550, 21 Cox Rd., Truro NS, Canada B2N 5E3. nfaraone@dal.ca
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Faraone
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: D'Errico
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Caleca
authors.forename: A De
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Cristofaro
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Trimble
mesh_terms: D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D000818:Animals; D057506:Arthropod Antennae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D007300:Insect Control; D008297:Male; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009036:Moths / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D012724:Sex Attractants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012726:Sexual Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D039821:Monoterpenes; D012724:Sex Attractants; C007076:citral