title: Standardization of the MARISTÁN scale to measure needs in people with schizophrenia and related psychoses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Existing measures of needs in severe mental illness have been developed mainly from professionals' viewpoints and are Eurocentric. Our aim was to standardize a measure of the needs of people with schizophrenia across several cultures and based on users' own viewpoints.
  
  
  METHODS
  An instrument to measure needs, based on qualitative data on users', carers' and professionals' views, was tested in 164 people with schizophrenia or related psychoses in six countries. Participants underwent face-to-face interviews, one third of which were repeated 30 days later. Principal axis factoring and Promax rotation evaluated scale structure; Horn's parallel combined with bootstrapping determined the number of factors; and intra-class correlation assessed test-retest reliability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The instrument contained four factors: (1) health needs; (2) work and leisure needs; (3) existential needs; and (4) needs for support in daily living. Cronbach's α for internal consistency was 0.81, 0.81, 0.77 and 0.76 for factors 1-4 and 0.81 for the scale as a whole. Correlation between factors was of moderate range for the first three factors (0.41-0.50) and low for the fourth factor (0.14-0.29). Intra-class correlation coefficient for test-retest reliability was 0.74 (0.64-0.82) for the whole scale. Mean item score on needs for support in daily living was lower than for the other factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The MARISTÁN Scale of Needs evaluates needs from the patient perspective and it is a valid instrument to measure the needs of people with severe mental illness across cultures.
authors.affiliation: 1Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Universidad de Concepción, Chile.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saldivia
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Torres-González
authors.forename: Ariadne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Runte-Geidel
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Grandon
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xavier
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Killaspy
authors.forename: Dinarte
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ballester
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Antonioli
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Melipillan
authors.forename: Emiliano
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Galende
authors.forename: Jose Miguel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Caldas
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: King
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000523:psychology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001118:Argentina; D001938:Brazil; D002677:Chile; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D004651:Employment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006798:Housing / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012559:Schizophrenia; D013030:Spain; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D006113:United Kingdom; D014687:Venezuela; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Needs; culture; questionnaire; schizophrenia