title: Radiofluorinated carbohydrates for positron emission tomography.
abstract: 2-Deoxy-2-[(18)F]fluoro-D-glucose (2-(18)FDG) has represented radiofluorinated carbohydrates as the most successful tracer for positron emission tomography (PET). 2-(18)FDG uptake depends on glucose metabolism, which is related to a disease progression. 2-(18)FDG has been widely used in oncology, neurology, cardiology, infectious diseases, and inflammation, to complement anatomical modalities such as CT and MRI. Followed by the success of 2-(18)FDG, various radiofluorinated carbohydrates have been evaluated as PET tracers, which include analogs of D-ribose, D-mannose, D-galactose, D-talose, D-fructose, D-allose, lactose, L-fucose, N-acetylneuraminic acid, and L-ascorbic acid. Among those radiofluorinated carbohydrates, several have implied potential for further development. 2-Deoxy-2-[(18)F]fluoro-D-galactose has been developed to assess liver function and diagnose hepatic carcinoma. 6-Deoxy-6-[(18)F]fluoro-D-fructose showed promising characteristics for diagnosis of breast cancer. Three radiofluorinated analogs of lactose have been designed as the substrates of the overexpressed hepatocarcinoma-intestine-pancreas/pancreatitis-associated protein in peritumoral pancreatic tissue for early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. The metabolism of 6-[(18)F]fluoro-L-fucose suggested that it is a bioactive analog of L-fucose in the synthesis of glycoconjugate macromolecules. 6-Deoxy-6-[(18)F]fluoro-L-ascorbic acid was evaluated to assess antioxidant function of L-ascorbic acid in rodent models of transient global ischemia and glutathione deficiency.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, School of Medicine, Emory University, 1365 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. jmun@emory.edu
authors.forename: Jiyoung
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mun
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000737:chemistry; D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes / Q000737:chemistry; D005978:Glutathione / Q000172:deficiency; D006801:Humans; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000175:diagnosis; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis; D000073718:Pancreatitis-Associated Proteins; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography
chemical_list: D002241:Carbohydrates; D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes; D000073718:Pancreatitis-Associated Proteins; C000612141:REG3A protein, human; D005978:Glutathione