title: Effect of mandibular advancement on the natural position of the head: a preliminary study of 3-dimensional cephalometric analysis.
abstract: Our aim was to investigate the potential effect of advancement by bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO) on the natural position of the head by using 3-dimensional cephalomentric analysis. Seven consecutive patients who had had only BSSO advancement, and had had preoperative and 6-week postoperative cone beam computed tomography (CT) scans, were recruited to this retrospective study. Two variables, SNB and SNC2, were used to indicate the craniomandibular alignment and craniocervical inclination, respectively, in the midsagittal plane. Using 3-dimensional cephalometric analysis software, the SNB and the SNC2 were recorded in volume and measured in the midsagittal plane at 3 independent time-points. The reliability was measured and a paired t test used to assess the significance of differences between the means of SNB and SNC2 before and after operation. The 3-dimensional cephalometric measurement showed good reliability. The SNB was increased as planned in all the mandibles that were advanced, the cervical vertebrae were brought forward after BSSO, and the SNC2 was significantly increased in 6 of the 7 patients. Three-dimensional cephalometric analysis may provide an alternative way of assessing cephalometrics. After BSSO advancement, the natural position of the head changed by increasing the craniocervical inclination in an anteroposterior direction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Fourth Military Medical University School of Stomatology, 145 W. Changle Rd., Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
authors.forename: Xiaozhen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Yanpu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Sean P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Edwards
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D059925:Anatomic Landmarks; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods*; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; D005260:Female; D006257:Head / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D019186:Mandibular Advancement; D059229:Osteotomy, Sagittal Split Ramus; D011187:Posture; D011861:Radiography, Dental; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012984:Software; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Bilateral sagittal split osteotomy; Cone beam computed tomography; Natural head position; Three-dimensional cephalometrics