title: Detection of Babesia bovis in blood samples and its effect on the hematological and serum biochemical profile in large ruminants from Southern Punjab.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the presence of Babesia bovis (B. bovis) in large ruminants in southern Punjab and its effect on hematological and serum biochemical profile of host animals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood samples were collected from 144 large ruminants, including 105 cattle and 39 buffaloes, from six districts in southern Punjab including Multan, Layyah, Muzaffar Garh, Bhakar, Bahawalnagar and Vehari. Data on the characteristics of animals and herds were collected through questionnaires. Different blood (hemoglobin, glucose) and serum (ALT, AST, LDH, cholesterol) parameters of calves and cattle were measured and compared between parasite positive and negative samples to demonstrate the effect of B. bovis on the blood and serological profile of infected animals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  27 out of 144 animals, from 5 out of 6 sampling districts, produced the 541-bp fragment specific for B. bovis. Age of animals (P=0.02), presence of ticks on animals (P=0.04) and presence of ticks on dogs associated with herds (P=0.5) were among the major risk factors involved in the spread of bovine babesiosis in the study area. ALT concentrations were the only serum biochemical values that significantly varied between parasite positive and negative cattle.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  : This study has reported for the first time the presence of B. bovis in large ruminant and the results can lead to the prevention of babesiosis in the region to increase the livestock output.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Zoology Division, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Samreen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zulfiqar
authors.forename: Sadia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shahnawaz
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: Arif Mahmood
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Bhutta
authors.forename: Shahid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iqbal
authors.forename: Sikandar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hayat
authors.forename: Shazia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Qadir
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Latif
authors.forename: Nazia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kiran
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saeed
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: Furhan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Iqbal
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D016793:Babesia bovis / Q000235:genetics; D001404:Babesiosis / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000469:parasitology; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D002020:Buffaloes; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000097:blood; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016053:RNA, Protozoan / Q000097:blood*; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal / Q000097:blood*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D016053:RNA, Protozoan; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal; D002784:Cholesterol; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase
keywords: Babesia bovis; Babesiosis; Cattle; Hematology; PCR amplification; Ruminant; Serological profile; Serum biochemistry