title: Literature review and analysis of the application of health outcome assessment instruments in Chinese medicine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the application of health assessment instruments in Chinese medicine.
  
  
  METHODS
  According to a pre-defined search strategy, a comprehensive literature search for all articles published in China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases was conducted. The resulting articles that met the defined inclusion and exclusion criteria were used for analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 97 instruments for health outcome assessment in Chinese medicine have been used in fundamental and theoretical research, and 14 of these were also used in 29 clinical trials that were randomized controlled trials, or descriptive or cross-sectional studies. In 2 152 Chinese medicine-based studies that used instruments in their methodology, more than 150 questionnaires were identified. Among the identified questionnaires, 51 were used in more than 10 articles (0.5%). Most of these instruments were developed in Western countries and few studies (4%) used the instrument as the primary evidence for their conclusions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Usage of instruments for health outcome assessment in Chinese medicine is increasing rapidly; however, current limitations include selection rationale, result interpretation and standardization, which must be addressed accordingly.
authors.affiliation: Department of Spleen-Stomach Diseases, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China. liufb163@163.com
authors.forename: Feng-bin
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Zheng-kun
authors.initials: ZK
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: Yun-ying
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Pei-wu
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Qian-wen
authors.initials: QW
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Nelson
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Jing-wei
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xiang-jing
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Zeng
mesh_terms: D016208:Databases, Factual; D006801:Humans; D008516:Medicine, Chinese Traditional; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012107:Research Design