title: Assessing the role of optometrists in the control of systemic hypertension in Saudi Arabia.
abstract: The low level of awareness, treatment, and control of systemic hypertension is a global problem, but it is much more serious in Saudi Arabia. This study examines the contribution made by Saudi optometrists in detection and management of patients with systemic hypertension. We surveyed a sample of 250 optometrists practicing in Saudi Arabia to evaluate the level of knowledge and awareness of their role in combating systemic hypertension. A 48.4% response rate was obtained from practicing optometrists. Of those responding, optometrists were very positive towards the use of blood pressure (BP) monitors in optometric practice on a routine basis. Forty-six percent of the optometrists had access to a BP monitor, and about 93% of these respondents actually used the monitors during clinic consultations. Automated monitors were the most common (54%). Fifty-one percent and 49% of the optometrists reported that they did routinely question their patients about high BP and about their current BP medications, respectively. The less frequently asked question concerned the cholesterol level of the patient (21%). The tests most widely used by the optometrists while examining hypertensive patients was direct ophthalmoscopy with red free filter (56%) and the least was binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy (21%). Optometrists were more likely to refer patients suspected of systemic hypertension on the basis of elevated BP (74%) and presence of retinal hemorrhages (72%), but were less likely to refer patients with changes in arteriolar reflex (41%). The opinions were very positive towards the routine monitoring of BP within the Saudi optometry profession, as optometrists indicated that they had time within an eye examination to measure BP, it was financially rewarding (56% of respondents), and patients appreciated it (64% of respondents). Despite half of the optometrists having access to BP monitors (predominantly automated devices), many of the optometrists were unsure if they were trained enough to monitor BP in such patients. There is urgent need to train optometrists on the use of BP devices, interpretation of readings, and use of additional diagnostic tests during such eye examinations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. drpenny2002@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Uchechukwu L
authors.initials: UL
authors.lastname: Osuagwu
authors.forename: Kelechi C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Ogbuehi
authors.forename: Turki M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Almubrad
mesh_terms: D001794:Blood Pressure; D001795:Blood Pressure Determination; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006973:Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D008487:Medical History Taking; D009907:Optometry; D015995:Prevalence; D011364:Professional Practice; D012529:Saudi Arabia / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Blood pressure; cardiovascular disease (CVD); public health; survey