title: Pharmacognostic evaluation of leaf and root bark of Holoptelea integrifolia Roxb.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the pharmacognostic characters of an important medicinal plant, Holoptelea integrifolia (H. integrifolia) Roxb.
  
  
  METHODS
  The pharmacognostic studies were carried out in terms of organoleptic, microscopic, macroscopic and fluorescence analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The characteristic microscopic features of leaves were observed as trichomes, multicellular trichomes, xylem cells, phloem cells, collenchyma, vascular bundles, spongy parenchyma and palisade cells. The characteristic microscopic features of root bark included cork cambium, primary cortex, phloem fibers, medullary rays, endodermis, pericycle and lignified fibers in the transverse section and longitudinal section. The characteristic microscopy of root bark powder showed the presence of cortex cells, sieve tubes, calcium oxalate crystals and lignified fibers. Macroscopic study showed that leaf shape-oval, apex-acute, base-cordate and leaf margin was entire with glabrous surface, bitter taste and characteristic odour. The morphological features of root bark showed deep fissured, rough and firm surface with rhitydome and the periderm parallel to cambium.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Various pharmacognostic characters observed in this study help in the identification and standardization of H. integrifolia.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra.
authors.forename: Dinesh
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Karunesh
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Sunil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Tarun
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Ajay
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Om
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Prakash
mesh_terms: D008853:Microscopy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000166:cytology*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000166:cytology*; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D034401:Ulmaceae / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000166:cytology*
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Fluorescence analysis; Holoptelea integrifolia; Identification; Microscopy; Organoleptic; Pharmacognostic character; Standardization