title: Robotic-assisted pancreatic surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pancreatic surgery is a challenging application of minimally invasive surgery. Due to the complexity of the surgical technique, requiring dissection along major abdominal vessels as well as delicate reconstruction involving biliary, pancreatic and enteric anastomoses, reports on laparoscopic pancreatic surgery have been scanty. With the advent of robotic-assisted surgery, however, the increased dexterity granted by endo-wristed instruments, the improved three-dimensional vision and the computer filtration of the surgeon's movements have brought minimally invasive pancreatic surgery into a new era.
  
  
  METHODS
  As the surgical group which has performed the highest number of robotic-assisted pancreatic procedures worldwide, we review the state of the art of minimally invasive robotic-assisted pancreatic surgery. Clinical results from all major robotic-assisted pancreatic surgery series are considered.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Preliminary reports from the published major pancreatic surgery series show encouraging results, with morbidity and mortality comparable to open surgery. Preliminary data on cancer survival rates also appear to be similar to open series.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Robotic-assisted pancreatic surgery is safe and feasible for all pancreatic diseases. The complexity of pancreatic procedures warrant them to be carried out in specialised centres, where short- and long-term outcomes seem to be similar to the ones achieved in open surgery.
authors.affiliation: Division of General, Minimally Invasive and Robotic Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA. e.fernandes@mclink.it.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Giulianotti
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D010180:Pancreatectomy / Q000379:methods*; D010182:Pancreatic Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D012371:Robotics / Q000379:methods*
keywords: distal pancreatectomy; pancreatic surgery; robotic surgery; whipple's procedure