title: Examining pregnant women's hostile attributions about infants as a predictor of offspring maltreatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Child maltreatment is a serious public health problem that disproportionately affects infants and toddlers. In the interest of informing prevention and intervention efforts, this study examined pregnant women's attributions about infants as a risk factor for child maltreatment and harsh parenting during their children's first and second years. We also provide specific methods for practitioners to assess hostile attributions.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate pregnant women's hostile attributions about infants as a risk factor for early child maltreatment and harsh parenting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective longitudinal study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A small Southeastern city and its surrounding county.
  
  
  METHODS
  A diverse, community-based sample of 499 pregnant women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Official records of child maltreatment and mother-reported harsh parenting behaviors. Hostile attributions were examined in terms of women's beliefs about infants' negative intentions (eg, the extent to which infants purposefully dirty their diapers).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mothers' hostile attributions increased the likelihood that their child would be maltreated by the age of 26 months (adjusted odds ratio, 1.26 [90% CI, 1.02-1.56]). Mothers who made more hostile attributions during pregnancy reported engaging in more harsh parenting behaviors when their children were toddlers (β = 0.14, P < .05). Both associations were robust to the inclusion of 7 psychosocial covariates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AND RELEVANCE: A pregnant woman's hostile attributions about infant's intentions signal risk for maltreatment and harsh parenting of her child during the first years of life. Practitioners' attention to women's hostile attributions may help identify those in need of immediate practitioner input and/or referral to parenting services.
authors.affiliation: Universityof Maryland School of Social Work, Baltimore, MD, USA. lberlin@ssw.umaryland.edu
authors.forename: Lisa J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Berlin
authors.forename: Kenneth A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Dodge
authors.forename: J Steven
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Reznick
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001290:Attitude; D002648:Child; D002649:Child Abuse / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006791:Hostility; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D033182:Intention; D016014:Linear Models; D016015:Logistic Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008425:Maternal Behavior; D016487:Parenting / Q000523:psychology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D057566:Self Report; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult