title: Severe renal function impairment in adult patients acutely poisoned with concentrated acetic acid.
abstract: Acetic acid is a widely used organic acid with corrosive properties that depend on its concentration. If acetic acid is ingested in concentrations above 30 % it may severely damage the upper gastrointestinal tract and cause intravascular haemolysis, which can result in severe kidney and liver disorders and disseminated intravascular coagulation. In this retrospective study, we analysed acetic acid ingestion data collected at the University Clinic for Toxicology of Skopje, Macedonia from 1 January 2002 to 31 December 2011. The analysis included systemic complications, kidney damage, and the outcomes in particular. Over the ten years, 84 patients were reported at the Clinic to have ingested highly concentrated acetic acid. Twenty-eight developed kidney disorders, while the remaining 56 had no complications. Fatal outcome was reported for 11 patients, seven of whom had systemic complications and four severe gastrointestinal complications.
authors.affiliation: University Clinic of Toxicology, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia. toksikourgentna@gmail.com
authors.forename: Andon
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chibishev
authors.forename: Aleksandar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sikole
authors.forename: Zanina
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Pereska
authors.forename: Vesna
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Chibisheva
authors.forename: Natasha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Simonovska
authors.forename: Nikola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Orovchanec
mesh_terms: D019342:Acetic Acid / Q000506:poisoning*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002424:Caustics; D004435:Eating; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects*; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010361:Patients; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000139:chemically induced*; D018843:Republic of North Macedonia; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D041742:Upper Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000187:drug effects*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002424:Caustics; D019342:Acetic Acid