title: Management of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS): the studies, the evidence, and the impact.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The development of an accepted clinical definition, classification system and validated outcome questionnaire for chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) has led to a flurry of clinical trial activity over the last 15 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four of these studies enrolled a homogeneous population of CP/CPPS patients, were prospective randomized placebo or sham controlled, and employed the National Institutes of Health chronic prostatitis symptom index (CPSI) as an outcome parameter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This review of the evidence and clinical impact from these studies suggests that physician's strict adherence to a rigid evidence-based approach for the treatment of a CP/CPPS patient will result in disappointed patients as well as disappointed physicians.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is no one particular treatment that shows significant clinical efficacy to be recommended as a mono-therapy for CP/CPPS. Therefore, the physician must adapt his knowledge and interpretation of the evidence from randomized placebo- and sham-controlled trials to determine what therapy or therapies are best indicated for each individual patient.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kingston General Hospital, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 2V7, Canada. jcn@queensu.ca
authors.forename: J Curtis
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Nickel
authors.forename: Daniel A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Shoskes
authors.forename: Florian M E
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Wagenlehner
mesh_terms: D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011472:Prostatitis / Q000628:therapy*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D016896:Treatment Outcome