title: A reaction cell with sample laser heating for in situ soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy studies under environmental conditions.
abstract: A miniature (1 ml volume) reaction cell with transparent X-ray windows and laser heating of the sample has been designed to conduct X-ray absorption spectroscopy studies of materials in the presence of gases at atmospheric pressures. Heating by laser solves the problems associated with the presence of reactive gases interacting with hot filaments used in resistive heating methods. It also facilitates collection of a small total electron yield signal by eliminating interference with heating current leakage and ground loops. The excellent operation of the cell is demonstrated with examples of CO and H2 Fischer-Tropsch reactions on Co nanoparticles.
authors.affiliation: Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Escudero
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Elzbieta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pach
authors.forename: Ferenc
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Borondics
authors.forename: Mark W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: West
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tuxen
authors.forename: Mahati
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chintapalli
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Carenco
authors.forename: Jinghua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Miquel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salmeron
mesh_terms: D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D005740:Gases / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D006361:Heating / Q000295:instrumentation*; D007834:Lasers; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D013048:Specimen Handling / Q000295:instrumentation*; D056928:X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy / Q000295:instrumentation*
chemical_list: D005740:Gases
keywords: gas cell; heterogeneous catalysis; in situ; laser heating system; nanoparticles; soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy