title: Lasers use in dental implantology.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this literature review was to evaluate the present use of different laser systems in implant dentistry.
  
  
  METHODS
  A literature search of MEDLINE-PubMed for articles published, describing the use of lasers in implant dentistry, was performed and articles were critically reviewed by the investigators to determine the strength of evidence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The literature review reveals a limited number of randomized clinical trials with regard to laser use in dentistry. Although many case studies indicate extensive use of lasers and promising results in dental implantology, lasers may be used for uncovering submerged implants atraumatically to prevent crestal bone loss, recontouring periimplant soft tissues and sculpting emergence profile for prosthetic components, raising surgical flaps, osseous recontouring, and creating parabolic tissue architecture. Additionally, bone harvesting of block grafts, window preparation in sinus lift procedures, ridge splitting, and debridement of extraction sockets for immediate implant placement were described.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Aside from the many benefits associated with the use of lasers in implant-related procedures, there are also risks to consider from the laser irradiation on the implant surface and the periimplant tissues. Therefore, an appropriate training on laser use is mandatory to increase the clinical outcome and to control the potential of complications.
authors.affiliation: Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, NY 11794-8700, USA. romanos@stonybrook.edu
authors.forename: Georgios E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Romanos
authors.forename: Bhumija
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Mike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yunker
authors.forename: Enisa Begic
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Romanos
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Malmstrom
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000528:radiation effects; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous; D015921:Dental Implants; D005881:Gingiva / Q000601:surgery; D006489:Hemostatic Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation; D006801:Humans; D053685:Laser Therapy; D007834:Lasers; D063168:Mandibular Osteotomy / Q000295:instrumentation; D063166:Maxillary Osteotomy / Q000295:instrumentation; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000528:radiation effects; D057873:Peri-Implantitis / Q000601:surgery*; D010778:Photochemotherapy; D013499:Surface Properties; D014896:Welding / Q000295:instrumentation; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000528:radiation effects
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants