title: Antibacterial activity of leaves extracts of Trifolium alexandrinum Linn. against pathogenic bacteria causing tropical diseases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate antibacterial potential of Trifolium alexandrinum (T. alexandrinum) Linn. against seven gram positive and eleven gram negative hospital isolated human pathogenic bacterial strains responsible for many tropical diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Non-polar and polar extracts of the leaves of T. alexandrinum i.e., hexane, dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), methanol (MeOH) and aqueous (AQ) extracts at five different concentrations (1, 2, 5, 10 and 15 mg/mL) were prepared to evaluate their antibacterial value. NCCL standards were strictly followed to perform antimicrobial disc susceptibility test using disc diffusion method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Polar extracts demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against tested pathogens. EtOAc and MeOH extracts showed maximum antibacterial activity with higher inhibition zone and were found effective against seventeen of the tested pathogens. While AQ plant extract inhibited the growth of sixteen of the test strains. EtOAc and MeOH plant extracts inhibited the growth of all seven gram positive and ten of the gram negative bacterial strains.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study strongly confirms the effectiveness of crude leaves extracts against tested human pathogenic bacterial strains causing several tropical diseases. Since Egyptian clover is used as a fodder plant, it could be helpful in controlling various infectious diseases associated with cattle as well.
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, State of Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Abdul Viqar
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Qamar Uddin
authors.initials: QU
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: Indu
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Shukla
authors.forename: Athar Ali
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Khan
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D006586:Hexanes; D006801:Humans; D000432:Methanol; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*; D029921:Trifolium / Q000737:chemistry*; D014330:Tropical Medicine
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D006586:Hexanes; D010936:Plant Extracts; D000432:Methanol
keywords: Antibacterial activity; Fabaceae; Gram-negative bacteria; Gram-positive bacteria; Infectious disease; Pathogenic bacteria; Trifolium alexandrinum L.; Tropical disease