title: Factors related with adiponectinemia in obese and normal-weight women and with its variation in weight loss programs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess different factors influencing adiponectinemia in obese and normal-weight women; to identify factors associated with the variation (Δ) in adiponectinemia in obese women following a 6-month weight loss program, according to surgical/non-surgical interventions.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 100 normal-weight women and 112 obese premenopausal women; none of them was on any medical treatment. Women were characterized for anthropometrics, daily macronutrient intake, smoking status, contraceptives use, adiponectin as well as IL-6 and TNF-α serum concentrations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adiponectinemia was lower in obese women (p < 0.001), revealing an inverse association with waist-to-hip ratio (p < 0.001; r = -0.335). Normal-weight women presented lower adiponectinemia among smokers (p = 0.041); body fat, waist-to-hip ratio, TNF-α levels, carbohydrate intake, and smoking all influence adiponectinemia (r(2) = 0.436). After weight loss interventions, a significant modification in macronutrient intake occurs followed by anthropometrics decrease (chiefly after bariatric procedures) and adiponectinemia increase (similar after surgical and non-surgical interventions). After bariatric intervention, Δ adiponectinemia was inversely correlated to Δ waist circumference and Δ carbohydrate intake (r(2) = 0.706).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anthropometrics, diet, smoking, and TNF-α levels all influence adiponectinemia in normal-weight women, although explaining less than 50% of it. In obese women, anthropometrics modestly explain adiponectinemia. Opposite to non-surgical interventions, after bariatric surgery adiponectinemia increase is largely explained by diet composition and anthropometric changes.
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology Department, Curry Cabral Hospital - C.H.L.C., Lisbon, Portugal. silvanunes2004 @ yahoo.com
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Silva-Nunes
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: Leone
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.forename: Margarida
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barradas
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Melão
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brito
authors.forename: Luisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Veiga
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood*; D000273:Adipose Tissue; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D050110:Bariatric Surgery; D001823:Body Composition; D004032:Diet; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000628:therapy; D012016:Reference Values; D012907:Smoking / Q000097:blood*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood; D055105:Waist Circumference; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio; D015431:Weight Loss; D061217:Weight Reduction Programs; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D015850:Interleukin-6; D018977:Micronutrients; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha