title: Antiangiogenic therapies for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a significant cause of death worldwide. HCC is a highly vascular tumor, and proangiogenic cytokines such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and fibroblast growth factor may play crucial roles in this disease. Sorafenib, a multikinase inhibitor that blocks VEGF and PDGF signaling, was the first systemic therapy to demonstrate improved survival in patients with advanced HCC. Several other drugs targeting VEGF are in development. Because of the anticipation of eventual resistance to anti-VEGF therapies, drugs that also target alternative proangiogenic pathways are being investigated. Recent clinical and preclinical data along with ongoing studies are reviewed.
authors.affiliation: Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.
authors.forename: Keeran R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Sampat
authors.forename: Bert
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: O'Neil
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D009536:Niacinamide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077157:Sorafenib; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D009536:Niacinamide; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors; D000077157:Sorafenib