title: [Sentinel lymph node biopsy for penile carcinoma : Assessment of reliability].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The European Association of Urologists recommends dynamic sentinel node biopsy (DSNB) as the first choice diagnostic approach for lymph node staging of non-palpable inguinal lymph nodes in penile carcinoma. The aim of this study was to assess the reliability of minimally invasive inguinal DSNB.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 2004 and 2012 DSNB was used in all patients with invasive penile carcinoma and non-palpable inguinal lymph nodes. For assessment of reliability the rate of false negative results was determined and complications were documented. The results were analyzed prospectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the study period DSNB was performed in a total of 29 patients and it was possible to prove lymph node metastasis in 2 patients with 1 patient who developed lymph node metastasis after a negative DSNB. Thus the false negative rate was 3.70 %. A morbidity rate of 3.45 % was also observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sentinel lymph node biopsy is a reliable diagnostic method. The sophisticated requirements both methodologically and logistically suggest that this procedure should only be performed in specialized centres.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold- Heller Straße 3, 24105, Kiel, Deutschland.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fuchs
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Hamann
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schulenburg
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Knüpfer
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Osmonov
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Lützen
authors.forename: K-P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Jünemann
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Naumann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000473:pathology* / Q000556:secondary*; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D010412:Penile Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy / Q000379:methods*