title: Vitiligo and allergic complications from orthopaedic joint implants: the role of benzoyl peroxide.
abstract: Orthopaedic joint implants and osteosynthetic materials are progressively being employed more often. Complications mainly include physical-mechanical problems and infections. Uncommonly, allergic reactions to an alloy metal or a bone cement component have been implicated. Less attention has been paid to the components of bone cement, such as acrylate, catalysers (e.g. peroxide), additive polymers or stabilisers. An important bone cement component is benzoylperoxide (BPO), an initiator of the process enhancement of the bone cement. Vitiligo is an acquired, progressive depigmenting disorder that can induce autoimmune diseases. The occurrence of vitiligo in combination with an infection or allergy is not well described, and this manuscript highlights the possibility of an occurrence of a vitiligo whenever the immunesystem is activated and T-cell activation is observed. The aim of this article was to analyze the diagnosis and management of vitiligo and allergic complications from orthopaedic joint implants due to benzoyl-peroxide and relevant patents.
authors.affiliation: Department of General and Trauma Surgery University Hospital Bergmannsheil GmbH, Ruhr- University Bochum, Bürkle de-la-Camp Platz 1 44789 Bochum, Germany. Marcel.Dudda@ruhr-uni-bochum.de
authors.forename: Marcel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dudda
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Godau
authors.forename: Sammy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Al-Benna
authors.forename: Thomas A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Schildhauer
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gothner
mesh_terms: D019643:Arthroplasty, Replacement / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology; D001585:Benzoyl Peroxide / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry; D001843:Bone Cements / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology; D007595:Joint Prosthesis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010330:Patents as Topic; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D014820:Vitiligo / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D001843:Bone Cements; D001585:Benzoyl Peroxide