title: Prevalence and predictors of renal artery stenosis in patients undergoing peripheral and coronary angiography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Renal artery stenosis is a potential cause of secondary hypertension, ischemic nephropathy and end-stage renal disease. Atherosclerosis is by far the most common etiology of renal artery stenosis in elderly. We investigated whether the presence of significant atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (ARAS) with luminal diameter narrowing ≥50 % could be predicted in patients undergoing peripheral and coronary angiography.
  
  
  METHODS
  The records of 3,500 consecutive patients undergoing simultaneous renal angiography along with peripheral and coronary angiography were reviewed. The patients with known renal artery disease were excluded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prevalence of ARAS was 5.7 %. Significant ARAS (luminal diameter narrowing ≥50 %) was present in 139 patients (3.9 %). Hypertension with altered serum creatinine and triple-vessel CAD were associated with significant renal artery stenosis in multivariate analysis. No significant relationship between the involved coronary arteries like left anterior descending, left circumflex, right coronary artery and ARAS was found. Only hypertension and altered serum creatinine were associated with bilateral ARAS. Extent of CAD or risk factors like diabetes, hyperlipidemia or smoking did not predict the unilateral or bilateral ARAS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prevalence of ARAS among the patients in routine cardiac catheterization was 5.7 %. Hypertension is closely associated with significant ARAS. Significant CAD in the form of triple-vessel disease and altered renal function tests are closely associated with ARAS. They predict the presence of significant renal artery stenosis in patients undergoing routine peripheral and coronary angiography. Moreover, hypertension and altered renal functions predict bilateral ARAS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, U.N.Mehta Institute of Cardiology and Research Centre (UNMICRC), Civil Hospital Campus, Ahmedabad, 380016, Gujarat, India, dranand1978@yahoo.co.in.
authors.forename: Anand N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Shukla
authors.forename: Tarun H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Madan
authors.forename: Ashwal A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Jayaram
authors.forename: Vivek B
authors.initials: VB
authors.lastname: Kute
authors.forename: Jayesh R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Rawal
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Manjunath
authors.forename: Satyam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Udhreja
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000792:Angiography; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D007668:Kidney / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012078:Renal Artery Obstruction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D003404:Creatinine