title: [Solar ultraviolet radiation risk in outdoor workers: a specific project of Tuscany Region (Italy)].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aims of Tuscany Regional project were: to study the sun protection attitude of outdoor workers; to measure solar ultraviolet (UV) exposure in work environment; to describe the frequency of photoaging, precancerous lesions, and skin cancers in outdoor workers; to collect information on solar ultraviolet radiation exposure from incident cases of Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer (NMSC) recruited from Tuscany Cancer Registry.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outdoor workers completed a questionnaire devoted to collect information on sun protection attitudes during a typical summer working week. Environmental and personal measurements were carried out. Expert dermatologists examined outdoor workers to assess the frequency of photoaging, precancerous lesions, and skin cancer. A structured questionnaire was mailed to incident cases of NMSC. Information were collected on personal habits and working history, focusing on solar ultraviolet radiation exposure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Agriculture, construction, quarrying and fishing activities were considered: 292 employees responded to questions about the type of clothing used in the morning and in the afternoon,while working outdoors; 637 outdoor workers underwent skin examination. We contacted 743 cases of NMSC occurred in 2004; 498 subjects accepted to participate in this study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The clothing worn by surveyed subjects was often inadequate compared to the high level of exposure to UV. The skin examination of 637 outdoor workers highlighted 2 melanomas, 7 epitheliomas and 35 actinic keratoses. Among the 498 cases of NMSC, 135 (27%) were diagnosed in outdoor workers. Most represented economic activity sectors were: agriculture, construction, transport, sports.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The characterization of outside workers revealed unsatisfactory sun protection behaviours. Moreover, previously undetected skin cancers were diagnosed. The study on MNSC confirms the complexity of studying the exposure to UV radiation. The Tuscany Regional project provided useful information on the risk of solar ultraviolet radiation in outdoor workers. Prevention programs are needed.
authors.affiliation: SC Epidemiologia Ambientale Occupazionale, Istituto per lo studio e la Prevenzione Oncologica, Firenze. l.miligi@ispo.toscana.it
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Miligi
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Benvenuti
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Legittimo
authors.forename: Anna Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Badiali
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cacciarini
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chiarugi
authors.forename: Emanuele
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Crocetti
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Alberghini Maltoni
authors.forename: Iole
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.forename: Gaetano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zipoli
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Grifoni
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Carnevale
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pimpinelli
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cherubini Di Simplicio
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Poggiali
authors.forename: Pietro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sartorelli
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sirna
authors.forename: Rodolfo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Amati
authors.forename: Letizia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Centi
authors.forename: Gianluca
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Festa
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fiumalbi
authors.forename: Aldo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fedi
authors.forename: Senio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Giglioli
authors.forename: Rossana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mancini
authors.forename: Tina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Panzone
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Petrioli
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Trombetti
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Volpi
mesh_terms: D001294:Attitude to Health; D062665:Epidemiological Monitoring; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011481:Protective Clothing; D011835:Radiation Protection / Q000379:methods*; D012042:Registries; D012867:Skin / Q000528:radiation effects*; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D013472:Sunlight / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013473:Sunscreening Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects; D017132:Workplace
chemical_list: D013473:Sunscreening Agents