title: Traumatic carotid-cavernous fistula presenting as massive epistaxis.
abstract: Carotid-cavernous sinus fistulae (CCF) are a rare complication with the potential for great morbidity including intracranial hemorrhage, blindness, cranial nerve palsy and stroke. Traumatic CCF are the most common type of CCF. Here we discuss a patient who sustained blunt head trauma and had substantial epistaxis, requiring massive transfusion, intraoperatively due to unrecognized CCF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA. dlwyrick@uams.edu
authors.forename: Deidre
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wyrick
authors.forename: Samuel D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Melvin S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Dassinger
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic; D001803:Blood Transfusion; D020216:Carotid-Cavernous Sinus Fistula / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D002648:Child; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004844:Epistaxis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009104:Multiple Trauma; D012887:Skull Fractures / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed