title: Redox signaling in cardiovascular health and disease.
abstract: Spatiotemporal regulation of the activity of a vast array of intracellular proteins and signaling pathways by reactive oxygen species (ROS) governs normal cardiovascular function. However, data from experimental and animal studies strongly support that dysregulated redox signaling, resulting from hyperactivation of various cellular oxidases or mitochondrial dysfunction, is integral to the pathogenesis and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD). In this review, we address how redox signaling modulates the protein function, the various sources of increased oxidative stress in CVD, and the labyrinth of redox-sensitive molecular mechanisms involved in the development of atherosclerosis, hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure, and ischemia-reperfusion injury. Advances in redox biology and pharmacology for inhibiting ROS production in specific cell types and subcellular organelles combined with the development of nanotechnology-based new in vivo imaging systems and targeted drug delivery mechanisms may enable fine-tuning of redox signaling for the treatment and prevention of CVD.
authors.affiliation: McAllister Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. Electronic address: nrmadama@med.unc.edu.
authors.forename: Nageswara R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Madamanchi
authors.affiliation: McAllister Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. Electronic address: marschall_runge@med.unc.edu.
authors.forename: Marschall S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Runge
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D054562:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1 / Q000502:physiology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014157:Transcription Factors; D011494:Protein Kinases; C516607:PTPN1 protein, human; D054562:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1
keywords: Atherosclerosis; Endothelial dysfunction; Free radicals; Mitochondria; NADPH oxidases; Reactive oxygen species