title: Impact of serum C-reactive protein level on the prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing TACE.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between serum CRP levels and the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  HCC patients who underwent the first session of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) between January 2005 and December 2009 (n=211) were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were divided into two groups: high C-reactive protein (CRP; ≥1 mg/dL, n=51) and low CRP (<1 mg/dL, n=160). They were followed for a mean of 22.44 months and their clinicoradiological variables and overall survival were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significant differences between the two groups in regard to tumor type, tumor-progression-free survival, 10-month mortality, white blood cell (WBC) count, tumor size, and TNM stage. Multivariate analysis revealed that a high serum CRP level was independently associated with tumor size and tumor type. Subgroup analysis of CRP groups according to tumor size demonstrated that a high serum level of CRP was significantly associated with poorly defined (diffuse) tumor type in the tumor size <5 cm group [hazard ratio (HR)=4.81, P=0.018]. A Lipiodol dose exceeding 7 mL (HR=5.55, P=0.046) and the 10-month mortality (HR=7.693, P=0.004) were significantly associated with high serum CRP level in the group of patients with a tumor size of ≥5 cm. In addition, subgroup analysis of matched CRP according to TNM stage revealed that elevated serum CRP was independently associated with tumor type, WBC count, and tumorprogression-free survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A high serum CRP level is associated with large tumors and a poorly defined tumor type, and is significantly associated with 10-month mortality in patients with large HCC (size ≥5 cm) who undergo TACE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Chung Hwan
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Jun
authors.forename: Ho Seok
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Ki
authors.forename: Ki Hoon
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Kang Jin
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Seon Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Sung Bum
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Chang Hwan
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Young Eun
authors.initials: YE
authors.lastname: Joo
authors.forename: Hyun Soo
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sung Kyu
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Jong Sun
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Rew
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D016461:Chemoembolization, Therapeutic; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D002097:C-Reactive Protein
keywords: C-reactive protein; Chemoembolization; Hepatocellular carcinoma; Prognosis; Progression-free survival