title: Increased night heart rate is associated with worse large artery elasticity in chronic kidney disease patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with high overall and cardiovascular mortality. Numerous studies have reported that increased heart rate is a risk factor for all-cause mortality. We investigated the link between sleep heart rate and artery stiffness in CKD patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a cross-sectional study, we enrolled 100 prevalent Chinese CKD patients (55 males, aged 52.5 ± 16.40 years). Heart rate was measured with an automatic system. Arterial stiffness was evaluated by using a calibrated tonometer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Large artery elasticity index (LAEI) was positively correlated with body mass index and hemoglobin but negatively associated with age and systolic blood pressure. Furthermore, LAEI was negatively associated with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and sleep heart rate. In multivariate regression, LAEI was independently predicted by SBP, BMI, age, sleep heart rate, and gender. Adjusted R (2) of the model was 0.486.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elevated sleep heart rate is significantly associated with increased arterial stiffness in CKD patients. Further investigation is needed to explore the potential benefits of sleep heart rate lowering therapy in this patient group.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 295 Xichang Road, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan Province, China.
authors.forename: Yunkai
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Zhenhua
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xiaoyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Xinkui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xingwei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001158:Arteries / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004548:Elasticity; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006339:Heart Rate; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012737:Sex Factors; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D059289:Vascular Stiffness
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins