title: Effects of static stretching on 1-mile uphill run performance.
abstract: It is previously demonstrated that static stretching was associated with a decrease in running economy and distance run during a 30-minute time trial in trained runners. Recently, the detrimental effects of static stretching on economy were found to be limited to the first few minutes of an endurance bout. However, economy remains to be studied for its direct effects on performance during shorter endurance events. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of static stretching on 1-mile uphill run performance, electromyography (EMG), ground contact time (GCT), and flexibility. Ten trained male distance runners aged 24 ± 5 years with an average VO2max of 64.9 ± 6.5 mL·kg-1·min-1 were recruited. Subjects reported to the laboratory on 3 separate days interspersed by 72 hours. On day 1, anthropometrics and V[Combining Dot Above]O2max were determined on a motor-driven treadmill. On days 2 and 3, subjects performed a 5-minute treadmill warm-up and either performed a series of 6 lower-body stretches for three 30-second repetitions or sat still for 10 minutes. Time to complete a 1-mile run under stretching and nonstretching conditions took place in randomized order. For the performance run, subjects were instructed to run as fast as possible at a set incline of 5% until a distance of 1 mile was completed. Flexibility from the sit and reach test, EMG, GCT, and performance, determined by time to complete the 1-mile run, were recorded after each condition. Time to complete the run was significantly less (6:51 ± 0:28 minutes) in the nonstretching condition as compared with the stretching condition (7:04 ± 0:32 minutes). A significant condition-by-time interaction for muscle activation existed, with no change in the nonstretching condition (pre 91.3 ± 11.6 mV to post 92.2 ± 12.9 mV) but increased in the stretching condition (pre 91.0 ± 11.6 mV to post 105.3 ± 12.9 mV). A significant condition-by-time interaction for GCT was also present, with no changes in the nonstretching condition (pre 211.4 ± 20.8 ms to post 212.5 ± 21.7 ms) but increased in the stretching trial (pre 210.7 ± 19.6 ms to post 237.21 ± 22.4 ms). A significant condition-by-time interaction for flexibility was found, which was increased in the stretching condition (pre 33.1 ± 2 to post 38.8 ± 2) but unchanged in the nonstretching condition (pre 33.5 ± 2 to post 35.2 ± 2). Study findings indicate that static stretching decreases performance in short endurance bouts (∼8%) while increasing GCT and muscle activation. Coaches and athletes may be at risk for decreased performance after a static stretching bout. Therefore, static stretching should be avoided before a short endurance bout.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Health Sciences and Human Performance, University of Tampa, Tampa, Florida; 2Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Fullerton, California; and 3Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Strength Training, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ryan P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Lowery
authors.forename: Jordan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Joy
authors.forename: Lee E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Oliveira de Souza
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Wistocki
authors.forename: Gregory S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Marshall A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Naimo
authors.forename: Gina A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Zito
authors.forename: Jacob M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Wilson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D054874:Athletic Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004576:Electromyography; D005080:Exercise Test; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D052580:Muscle Stretching Exercises / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D063996:Warm-Up Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult