title: [Application of urinary proteomics in early diagnosis of bladder urothelial carcinoma].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the difference in urinary proteome between patients with bladder urothelial carcinoma (BUC) and healthy volunteers and to provide a basis for the early diagnosis of BUC.
  
  
  METHODS
  The urine samples from BUC patients and healthy volunteers (controls) were treated by 25% ethanol precipitation and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE), and the obtained urinary proteins were subjected to Coomassie brilliant blue staining and analysis by PDQuest 8.0 (2-DE image analysis software); the differentially expressed proteins were sequenced by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight/time-of-flight mass spectrometry and identified using the Swiss-Prot database; the differential expression of these proteins was verified by western blot.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High-resolution and high-reproducibility 2-DE images were obtained from the urine samples of BUC patients and controls, with 789 ± 18 and 762 ± 14 protein spots, respectively. Compared with the control group, the BUC grouP had significantly decreased expression of 6 protein spots and significantly increased expression of 11 protein spots. The mass spectrometry revealed five proteins with increased expression in the BUC group, including fibrinogen, lactate dehydrogenase B, apolipoprotein A1, clusterin, and haptoglobin, and the results were confirmed by western blot.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is significant difference in urinary proteome between BUC patients and healthy volunteers; the identification of differentially expressed proteins in urine lays the foundation for identifying potential molecular markers in early diagnosis of BUC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, HeBei United University, Tangshan 063000, China.
authors.forename: Hong-jie
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Chang-ying
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Juan-juan
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Shi-xin
authors.initials: SX
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ji-wu
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Shou-fang
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Guang-ling
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jian-Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000652:urine*