title: Diagnosis and localization of insulinoma in Thai patients: performance of endoscopic ultrasonography compared to computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) has now been accepted as the most sensitive method to localize insulinoma. However the data in Thai patients is lacking and the diagnostic performances of EUS comparing to computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis of 19 patients with recurrent hypoglycemia suggestive of insulinoma who underwent EUS, CT and MRI for tumor localization during 2007 to 2012. Surgical pathology or long-term follow-up was used as gold standard.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 14 patients with 15 insulinoma lesions and 5 patients without insulinoma (2 nesidioblastosis and 3 without lesion). EUS, CTand MRI were performed in 19, 11 and 10 patients, respectively. EUS could detect insulinoma with sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of 93%, 80%, 93% and 80%, respectively. The corresponding performances for CT were 78%, 100%, 100%, 50% and MRI were 71%, 33%, 71%, 33%, respectively. In patients with positive CT subsequent EUS did not change diagnosis. However, EUS was able to detect insulinoma in 50% of patients with negative CT On the other hand, in patients with positive MRI, EUS changed and corrected the diagnosis of MRI in 29% and was able to detect insulinoma in 67% of patients with negative MRI. EUS, CT and MRI correctly localized insulinoma in 87%, 67% and 57%, respectively. The most common incorrect localization was between pancreatic body and tail.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EUS has the best diagnostic performance in detection and localization of insulinoma. CT is less sensitive but very specific, therefore positive CT may preclude the need of EUS. MRI, however is less sensitive and specific than CT. Either positive or negative MRI may require further EUS.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand. supot.pon@mahidol.ac.th
authors.forename: Supot
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pongprasobchai
authors.forename: Raweewan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lertwattanarak
authors.forename: Nonthalee
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pausawasdi
authors.forename: Varayu
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Prachayakul
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People; D019160:Endosonography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007340:Insulinoma / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed