title: To compare the effect of dextromethorphan, promethazine and placebo on nocturnal cough in children aged 1-12 y with upper respiratory infections: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether promethazine and dextromethorphan reduce nocturnal cough and improve sleep quality in children aged 1-12 y with upper respiratory tract infection (URI).
  
  
  METHODS
  This randomised double-blinded placebo-controlled trial was conducted in Pediatric outpatient department of Lok Nayak Hospital, Delhi. After randomization into promethazine, dextromethorphan and placebo groups, parental assessment of 120 children with URI for nocturnal cough severity (child), post-tussive vomiting (child) and sleep quality (child and parent) on the night before enrolment and after 3 d of assigned medication was measured using an internally validated indigenously prepared ordinal scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Entire cohort improved in all the study parameters after 3 d. However, no superior benefit was noted when individual parameters were compared in the promethazine and dextromethorphan groups with the placebo group. Adverse effects were more frequent in the dextromethorphan and promethazine groups although the difference was not statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nocturnal cough in URI is self-resolving and dextromethorphan and promethazine prescribed for the same are not superior to placebo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Maulana Azad Medical College & Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, 110002, India, drmalvika_b@rediffmail.com.
authors.forename: Malobika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bhattacharya
authors.forename: Neha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Joshi
authors.forename: Sangita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yadav
mesh_terms: D000996:Antitussive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003371:Cough / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D003915:Dextromethorphan / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006633:Histamine Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011398:Promethazine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D000996:Antitussive Agents; D006633:Histamine Antagonists; D003915:Dextromethorphan; D011398:Promethazine