title: Genome-wide identification of bone metastasis-related microRNAs in lung adenocarcinoma by high-throughput sequencing.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. They participate in a wide variety of biological processes, including apoptosis, proliferation and metastasis. The aberrant expression of miRNAs has been found to play an important role in many cancers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  To understand the roles of miRNAs in the bone metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma, we constructed two small RNA libraries from blood of lung adenocarcinoma patients with and without bone metastasis. High-throughput sequencing combined with differential expression analysis identified that 7 microRNAs were down-regulated and 21 microRNAs were up-regulated in lung adenocarcinoma with bone metastasis. A total of 797 target genes of the differentially expressed microRNAs were identified using a bioinformatics approach. Functional annotation analysis indicated that a number of pathways might be involved in bone metastasis, survival of the primary origin and metastatic angiogenesis of lung adenocarcinoma. These include the MAPK, Wnt, and NF-kappaB signaling pathways, as well as pathways involving the matrix metalloproteinase, cytoskeletal protein and angiogenesis factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides some insights into the molecular mechanisms that underlie lung adenocarcinoma development, thereby aiding the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, PR China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Zuozhang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Guoqi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Lida
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Xudong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.forename: Xuefeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Da
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Yanjin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Zhao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology*; D000077192:Adenocarcinoma of Lung; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000556:secondary*; D005260:Female; D015894:Genome, Human / Q000235:genetics; D023281:Genomics; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D058977:Molecular Sequence Annotation; D017423:Sequence Analysis, RNA; D059467:Transcriptome
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs