title: Comparative analysis between three methods of bone estimating age in individuals with down syndrome by mode of the hand and wrist ray.
abstract: The wrist and hand region has been the most commonly used for estimating age and osseous development due to the great number of ossification centers. The aim was to determine which method, Tanner & Whitehouse's (TW3), Greulich & Pyle's (GP) or Eklof & Ringertz's, more closely relates to the chronological age in subjects with Down syndrome with chronological ages between 61 and 180 months, using wrist and hand radiographs. The sample consisted of 85 radiographs, 52 of males and 33 of females. Eklof & Ringertz's method was computerized (Radiomemory). Greulich & Pyle's atlas was used and compared with the wrist and hand radiographs. For the TW3 method, 13 ossification centers were evaluated; for each one of them, there are seven or eight development stages to which scores are assigned; these scores are then added and the results are transformed into osseous age values. No statistically significant differences were observed between the male and female genders for methods TW3 and GP, contrasting with the observed differences for the Eklof & Ringertz method. Correlation (r2) between osseous and chronological ages was 0.8262 for TW3 and 0.7965 for GP, while for the method of Eklof & Ringertz, it was 0.7656 for females and 0.8353 for males. The author concluded that the osseous age assessment method that better related to the chronological age was the TW3, followed by Greulich & Pyle's and Eklof & Ringertz's.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Periodontology and Radiology, Sao Paulo State University, Sao Jose dos Campos, Dental School, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luis Roque de Araújo
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: dos Santos
authors.forename: Júlio Cezar
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: de Melo Castilho
authors.forename: Shelon Cristina Souza
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.forename: Alvaro Henrique
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Borges
authors.forename: Mateus Rodrigues
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Tonetto
authors.forename: Darlon Martins
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.forename: Matheus Coelho
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Bandéca
authors.forename: Marcos André dos Santos
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: da Silva
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000365:Age Determination by Skeleton / Q000379:methods*; D000367:Age Factors; D001846:Bone Development / Q000502:physiology; D002348:Carpal Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000254:growth & development; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D050276:Hand Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000254:growth & development; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D011884:Radius / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000254:growth & development; D014457:Ulna / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000254:growth & development