title: Classification of dorsal and ventral dimelia in humans.
abstract: Dorsal dimelia (appearance of dorsal structures on the palmar aspect of the hand) and ventral dimelia (appearance of palmar structures on the dorsal aspect of the hand) are rare congenital hand malformations that occur due to errors of the dorso-ventral axis of development of the limb. The current literature includes numerous cases and there is now sufficient basic science/genetics research on the topic so that a classification of dorsal/ventral dimelia could be proposed. Dorsal dimelia is subclassified into two types: distal (dorsalization of the digits ± distal palm) and proximal (dorsalization of the proximal palm only) types. Ventral dimelia is classified into three types (mild, moderate, and severe) according to the degree of ventralization. The classification is supported by the genetic basis of each subtype.
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic Surgery, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Al-Qattan
mesh_terms: D006228:Hand Deformities, Congenital / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D060850:LIM-Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D009154:Mutation; D029543:Nucleocytoplasmic Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics; D034941:Upper Extremity / Q000196:embryology; D051153:Wnt Proteins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C474082:Gle1 protein, human; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; C112149:LIM homeobox transcription factor 1 beta; D060850:LIM-Homeodomain Proteins; D029543:Nucleocytoplasmic Transport Proteins; C509239:SHH protein, human; D014157:Transcription Factors; C092778:WNT7A protein, human; D051153:Wnt Proteins
keywords: Dimelia; palmar duplication; palmar nail