title: One-year effectiveness of two hypocaloric diets with different protein/carbohydrate ratios in weight loss and insulin resistance.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The maintenance of weight loss may be influenced by the distribution of macronutrients in the diet and insulin sensitivity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study was to evaluate the longterm effect of two hypocaloric diets with different protein/carbohydrate ratios in overweight and obese individuals either with insulin resistance (IR) or without insulin resistance (IS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized, clinical intervention study. Forty patients were classified as IR/IS after a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test and then randomized to a diet with either 40% carbohydrate/30% protein/30% fat (diet A) or 55% carbohydrate/15% protein/30% fat (diet B).
  
  
  RESULTS
  After one year of follow-up there was no difference in weight loss between diets A and B in each group, but the IS group maintained weight loss better than the IR group [-5.7 (3.9) vs. -0.6 (4.1); P = 0.04]. No differences were found in either Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA) or other metabolic glucose parameters except lower insulin at 120 minutes with diet A [21.40 (8.30) vs. 71.40 (17.11); P = 0.02].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The hypocaloric diets with different protein/carbohydrate ratios produced similar changes in weight. Insulin resistance may play a negative role in maintaining weight loss.
authors.affiliation: Sección de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León, León, España. calleja.alicia@gmail.com
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Calleja Fernández
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vidal Casariego
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Cano Rodríguez
authors.forename: Ma D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Ballesteros Pomar
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000886:Anthropometry; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology; D031204:Caloric Restriction / Q000379:methods*; D004032:Diet; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D008134:Long-Term Care; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D050177:Overweight / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D007328:Insulin