title: Kynurenic acid in synovial fluid and serum of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthropathy, and osteoarthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previously we demonstrated that kynurenic acid (KYNA), an endogenous metabolite of kynurenine, is present in the synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). KYNA inhibits proliferation of synoviocytes in vitro. The goal of our study was to compare KYNA concentrations in synovial fluid and blood of patients with RA, inflammatory spondyloarthropathies (SpA), and osteoarthritis (OA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum and synovial fluid samples were obtained from 189 patients with RA, 56 patients with SpA, and 32 patients with OA. KYNA was separated using a high-performance liquid chromatography system and measured fluorometrically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  KYNA concentration in synovial fluid obtained from patients with RA and SpA was significantly lower than that in patients with OA (p < 0.05). The concentration of KYNA in serum of patients with RA, SpA, and OA did not differ among all groups studied. The positive correlation between KYNA content in synovial fluid and serum was found in patients with RA (p < 0.05). Univariate linear regression analysis demonstrated that fibrinogen was significantly associated with KYNA in synovial fluid (p < 0.05), and red blood cell counts, morning stiffness, and pain scores were significantly associated with KYNA level in serum (all p < 0.05). Multivariate regression analysis revealed correlation between the following independent variables: hemoglobin level, hematocrit, red blood cell count in conjunction with age and KYNA content in synovial fluid. A lack of correlation was observed between KYNA content in synovial fluid of patients with RA and other clinical and laboratory measures of disease activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data show a local deficit of KYNA in inflammatory states.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Diseases, Medical University, Lublin, Poland. jolanta.turska@am.lublin.pl
authors.forename: Jolanta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Parada-Turska
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zgrajka
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Majdan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007736:Kynurenic Acid / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D025242:Spondylarthropathies / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D013582:Synovial Fluid / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007736:Kynurenic Acid
keywords: KYNURENIC ACID; OSTEOARTHRITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; SPONDYLOARTHROPATHY; SYNOVIAL FLUID