title: Anti-dermatophytic activity of marine sponge, Sigmadocia carnosa (Dendy) on clinically isolated fungi.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To screen the anti-fungal effects and find out the active metabolites from sponge, Sigmadocia carnosa (S. carnosa) against four dermatophytic fungi.
  
  
  METHODS
  The methanol, ethyl acetate and acetone extract of marine sponge, S. carnosa was examined against Trichophyton mentagrophytes (T. mentagrophytes), Trichophyton rubrum (T. rubrum), Epidermophyton floccosum (E. floccosum) and Microsporum gypseum (M. gypseum) and qualitative analysed to find out the active molecules.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The methanol extract of sponge was expressed significant activity than ethyl acetate and acetone. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of methanol extract of sponge that resulted in complete growth inhibition of T. mentagrophytes, T. rubrum, E. floccosum and M. gypseum were found to 125, 250, 250 and 250 µg/mL respectively. But, 100 % inhibition of fungal spore germination was observed in T. mentagrophytes at 500 µg/mL concentration followed by T. rubrum, E. floccosum and M. gypseum at 1 000 µg/mL concentration. Other two extracts showed weak anti spore germination activity against the tested dermatophytic fungi. Methanol extracts showed presence of terpenoids, steroids, alkaloids, saponins and glycosides.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on the literature, this is the first study which has conducted to inhibit the growth and spore germination of dermatophytic fungi with S. carnosa. Further research also needs to purify and characterize the secondary metabolites from the sponge, S. carnosa for the valuable source of novel substances for future drug discovery.
authors.affiliation: Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai - 608 502, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: N B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Dhayanithi
authors.forename: T T Ajith
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kalaiselvam
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Balasubramanian
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sivakumar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D059001:Aquatic Organisms; D002457:Cell Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004821:Epidermophyton / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008864:Microsporum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011161:Porifera / Q000737:chemistry*; D014005:Tinea / Q000382:microbiology; D014249:Trichophyton / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D002457:Cell Extracts
keywords: Active compounds; Anti-fungal activity; Dermatophytic fungi; Qualitative analysis of; Sigmadocia Carnosa; Spore germination assay