title: Antimicrobial activities of the tissue extracts of Babylonia spirata Linnaeus, 1758 (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from Thazhanguda, southeast coast of India.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the antimicrobial activity of the tissue extracts of Babylonia spirata (B. spirata) against nine bacterial and three fungal pathogens.
  
  
  METHODS
  Crude extract of gastropod was tested for inhibition of bacterial and fungal growth. Antibacterial assay was carried out by disc diffusion method and in vitro antifungal activity was determined against Czapex Dox agar. The antimicrobial activity was measured accordingly based on the inhibition zone around the disc impregnated with gastropod extract. Molecular size of muscle protein was determined using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). And fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectro photometry analysis was also studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The maximum inhibition zone (12 mm) was observed against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the crude ethanol extract of B. spirata and the minimum inhibition zone (2 mm) was noticed against Staphylococcus aureus in the crude methanol extract of B. spirata. Water extract of B. spirata showed the highest activity against Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. Ethanol, acetone, methanol, chloroform and water extracts showed antimicrobial activity against almost all the bacteria and fungus. Compared with water extracts, ethanol and methanol extracts showed higher activity against all pathogens. The molecular weight of protein of the gastropod sample ranged from 2-110 kDa on SDS-PAGE. FTIR analysis revealed the presence of bioactive compounds signals at different ranges.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The research shows that the great medicinal value of the gastropod muscle of B. spirata may be due to high quality of antimicrobial compounds.
authors.affiliation: Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai-608 502, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Periyasamy
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Srinivasan
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Balakrishnan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D045424:Complex Mixtures / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005658:Fungi / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D049851:Gastropoda / Q000737:chemistry*; D007194:India; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008970:Molecular Weight; D009132:Muscles / Q000737:chemistry; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D014020:Tissue Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D045424:Complex Mixtures; D011506:Proteins; D014020:Tissue Extracts
keywords: Antibacterial activity; Antifungal activity; Antimicrobial activity; Babylonia spirata; Bioactive compound; FTIR; Gastropod; Inhibition zone; Muscle protein; SDS-PAGE