title: Effects of dietary flaxseed on atherosclerotic plaque regression.
abstract: Dietary flaxseed can retard the progression of atherosclerotic plaques. However, it remains unclear whether these antiatherogenic effects extend to plaque regression. In the present study, the therapeutic potential of dietary flaxseed on atherosclerotic plaque regression and vascular contractile function was evaluated using a novel rabbit model. Rabbits were randomly assigned to receive either a regular diet for 12 wk (group I) or a 1% cholesterol-supplemented diet for 4 wk followed by a regular diet for 8 wk (group II). The remaining experimental animals were treated as in group II but were fed for an additional 14 wk with either a regular diet (group III) or a 10% flaxseed-supplemented diet (group IV). Animals in group II showed clear evidence of plaque growth stabilization. Their vessels also exhibited significantly lower norepinephrine-induced contraction and an impaired relaxation response to acetylcholine compared with animals in group I. Dietary flaxseed supplementation resulted in a significant ≈40% reduction in plaque formation (P = 0.033). Animals in both groups II and III displayed improved contraction and endothelium-dependent vessel relaxation. Dietary flaxseed is a valuable strategy to accelerate the regression of atherosclerotic plaques; however, flaxseed intervention did not demonstrate a clear beneficial effect on the vessel contractile response and endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation.
authors.affiliation: Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine and the Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Department of Physiology, Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
authors.forename: Andrew A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Francis
authors.forename: Justin F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Deniset
authors.forename: Jose A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Austria
authors.forename: Renee K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: LaValleé
authors.forename: Graham G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Maddaford
authors.forename: Thomas E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Hedley
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dibrov
authors.forename: Grant N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Pierce
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004032:Diet; D019597:Flax; D058226:Plaque, Atherosclerotic / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D011817:Rabbits; D012639:Seeds; D014661:Vasoconstriction; D014664:Vasodilation
chemical_list: D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary; D002784:Cholesterol
keywords: atherosclerosis; flaxseed; heart disease; regression; vascular contractile function