title: Gender differences in the growing, abnormal, and aging jaw.
abstract: Despite wide variations in the size and shape of the human face, head, and body, there is remarkable consistency for quantifiable gender-specific facial traits. The relationships between the growing jaws and tooth eruption are complex, but they show gender-specific trajectories in children and adolescents. Disturbances in genetic, endocrine, and nutritional regulatory controls result in gender-specific and nonspecific disorders. Gender-specific differences are also apparent in the aging jaw, with the acceleration of jawbone atrophy upon loss of teeth, especially in women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. jglowacki@rics.bwh.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Glowacki
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Christoph
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007568:Jaw / Q000502:physiology*; D007569:Jaw Abnormalities / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008445:Maxillofacial Development; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012737:Sex Factors; D016387:Women's Health