title: Age- and sex-associated differences in the glycopatterns of human salivary glycoproteins and their roles against influenza A virus.
abstract: Recent studies have elucidated that expression of certain glycoproteins in human saliva is increased or decreased according to age; meanwhile, human saliva may inhibit viral infection and prevent viral transmission. However, little is known about the age- and sex-associated differences in the glycopatterns of human salivary glycoproteins and their significant roles against influenza A virus (IVA). Here, we investigate the glycopatterns of human salivary glycoproteins with 180 healthy saliva samples divided into six age/sex groups using lectin microarrays and fabricate saliva microarrays to validate the terminal carbohydrate moieties of glycoproteins in individual saliva samples. Furthermore, we assess the inhibiting and neutralizing activity of saliva against two strains of influenza A (H9N2) virus. We find that seven lectins (e.g., MAL-II and SNA) show significant age differences in both females and males, and seven lectins (e.g., WFA and STL) show significant sex differences in children, adults and elderly people. Interestingly, we observe that elderly individuals have strongest resistance to IVA partly by presenting more terminal α2-3/6-linked sialic acid residues in their saliva, which bind with the influenza viral hemagglutinations. We conclude that age- and sex-associated differences in the glycopatterns of human salivary glycoproteins may provide pivotal information to help understand some age related diseases and physiological phenomena.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
authors.forename: Yannan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Yaogang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.forename: Minzhi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Liuyi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dang
authors.forename: Hanjie
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Zhuo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Wentian
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Xiurong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D053127:Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D040081:Protein Array Analysis; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry*; D012469:Salivary Glands / Q000378:metabolism; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D006023:Glycoproteins; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus