title: Antioxidant properties of magnesium lithospermate B contribute to the cardioprotection against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in vivo and in vitro.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the cardioprotective effect of magnesium lithospermate B (MLB) on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury and to investigate the antioxidant potential in vivo and in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  MI/R injury was induced by the occlusion of left anterior descending coronary artery for 30 min followed by reperfusion for 3 h in rats. After reperfusion, hearts were harvested to assess infarct size, histopathological damages, the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Blood samples were collected to determine serum levels of creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), cardiac troponin (cTnl) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Furthermore, simulated ischemia/reperfusion (SI/R) injury in vitro was established by oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) for 2 h followed by 24-hour recovery period in cardiomyocytes. The activity of LDH in the cultured supernatant and the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), SOD and MDA in cardiomyocytes were also measured. Finally, cardiomyocytes apoptosis was determined with flow cytometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MLB significantly limited infarct size, ameliorated histopathological damages and prevented leakage of CK-MB, cTnI and LDH. Additionally, SOD, CAT, GPx and GSH activities were notably increased by MLB, along with the MDA content decreased as compared with the model group in rats. In vitro study, MLB also decreased LDH activity in the cultured supernatant, increased SOD activity in cardiomyocytes, reduced intracellular ROS and MDA levels, and significantly suppressed cardiomyocytes apoptosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MLB possessed remarkably cardioprotective effects on MI/R injury in vivo and in vitro. The protection of MLB may contribute to its antioxidant properties.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Quan
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Miaomiao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xi
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Yanrong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Yanhua
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jialin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.forename: Aidong
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D027561:Salvia miltiorrhiza / Q000737:chemistry*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D020011:Protective Agents; C061091:lithospermate B; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase