title: Sex sorting increases the permeability of the membrane of stallion spermatozoa.
abstract: At present, the only repeatable means of selecting the sex of offspring is the Beltsville semen sorting technology using flow cytometry (FC). This technology has reached commercial status in the bovine industry and substantial advances have occurred recently in swine and ovine species. In the equine species, however, the technology is not as well developed. To better understand the changes induced in stallion spermatozoa during the sorting procedure, pooled sperm samples were sorted: sperm motility and kinematics were assessed using computer assisted sperm analysis, sperm membrane integrity was assessed using the YoPro-1 assay, while plasmalemmal stability and lipid architecture were assessed using Merocyanine 540/SYTOX green and Annexin-V, respectively. Lipid peroxidation was also investigated with the probe Bodipy(581/591)-C11. All assays were performed shortly after collection, after incubation and after sex sorting using FC. In order to characterize potential molecular mechanisms implicated in sperm damage, an apoptosis protein antibody dot plot array analysis was performed before and after sorting. While the percentage of total motile sperm remained unchanged, sex sorting reduced the percentages of progressive motile spermatozoa and of rapid spermatozoa as well as curvilinear velocity (VCL). Sperm membranes responded to sorting with an increase in the percentage of YoPro-1 positive cells, suggesting the sorted spermatozoa had a reduced energy status that was confirmed by measuring intracellular ATP content.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Balao da Silva
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ortega Ferrusola
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morillo Rodriguez
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gallardo Bolaños
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Plaza Dávila
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Morrell
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rodriguez Martínez
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Tapia
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Aparicio
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Peña
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability; D002469:Cell Separation / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D006736:Horses; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D010718:Phosphatidylserines / Q000378:metabolism; D012743:Sex Preselection / Q000662:veterinary*; D013081:Sperm Motility; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D010718:Phosphatidylserines; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D002118:Calcium