title: Linear and nonlinear analysis of base lung sound in extrinsic allergic alveolitis patients in comparison to healthy subjects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pulmonary disorders are frequently characterized by the presence of adventitious sounds added to the breathing or base lung sound (BLS). The aim of this work was to assess the features of BLS in extrinsic allergic alveolitis (EAA) patients in comparison to healthy subjects, applying linear and nonlinear analysis techniques.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated the multichannel lung sounds on the posterior chest of 16 females, 8 healthy and 8 EAA patients, when breathing at 1.5 L/s. BLS linear features were obtained from the power spectral density (PSD) while nonlinear features were extracted by the concepts of irregularity and complexity, i.e., spectral, sample and multiscale entropy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results demonstrated that spectral percentiles of BLS were lower in EAA patients than in healthy subjects but statistical significance (p<0.05) was obtained only for expiration at the left apical and both basal regions. Also, the maximum amplitude of the PSD in patients reached statistical significance ( p < 0.05) for the expiratory phase at basal regions. In the case of nonlinear techniques, significant lower values ( p < 0.05) were obtained for EAA patients during both respiratory phases at left apical and both basal regions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, we found that BLS in chronic EAA patients is characterized by lower spectral percentiles, lower irregularity and lower complexity than in healthy subjects suggesting the feasibility of its clinical usefulness by screening its temporal alteration.
authors.affiliation: Health Science Department, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana, Mexico City, Mexico. schv@xanum.uam.mx
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Charleston-Villalobos
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Albuerne-Sanchez
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Camarena
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mejia-Avila
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Carrillo-Rodriguez
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aljama-Corrales
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000542:Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008800:Mexico; D008875:Middle Aged; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017711:Nonlinear Dynamics; D012135:Respiratory Sounds / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*