title: Risk factors influencing rebleeding after bronchial artery embolization on the management of hemoptysis associated with pulmonary tuberculosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hemoptysis due to pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) frequently develops in Korea where the prevalence of TB is intermediate. The effect of bronchial artery embolization (BAE) on the control of massive hemoptysis has been well known. This study is designed to identify the risk factors contributing to rebleeding after BAE in patients with TB.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively evaluated risk factors and the time for rebleeding after BAE in 72 patients presenting with hemoptysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall immediate success rate of BAE was 93.1% (67 of 72 patients). Of the 29 patients (40.3%) who showed rebleeding after BAE, 13 patients experienced rebleeding within 1 month, and 14 patients between 1 month to 1 year. The existence of a shunt in angiographic finding, aspergilloma, and diabetes mellitus were risk factors of rebleeding after BAE in multivariate analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BAE was very effective for obtaining immediate bleeding control in hemoptysis associated with active TB or post-TB sequelae. It is important to observe whether or not rebleeding occurs up to 1 year of BAE especially in TB patients with aspergilloma, DM, or a shunt. Even rebleeding can be managed well by second BAE.
authors.affiliation: Respiratory Devision, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Gumi Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Gumi, Korea.
authors.forename: Hun-Gyu
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Ho-Sung
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jae-Sung
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Ki-Hyun
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Yong-Hoon
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ju-Ock
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Na
keywords: Aspergillosis; Bronchial Arteries; Embolization, Therapeutic; Hemoptysis; Tuberculosis