title: Induction of rat germ cell apoptosis by testosterone undecanoate and depot medroxyprogesterone acetate and correlation of apoptotic cells with sperm concentration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  to investigate the safety and effectiveness of dose TU+DMPA hormones in developing potential male contraceptives.
  
  
  METHODS
  suppression of rat sperm concentration through increased apoptotic germ cells by in vivo administration of a long-acting androgen composed of a combination of testosterone undecanoate (TU) and depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) was performed. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats received 2.5 mg TU every 6 week and 1.25 mg DMPA every 12 week for 60 week, a regimen known to rapidly reduce testosterone production by the testes and produce azoospermia within 12 week. Sperm concentration data were log transformed before analysis. Results are expressed as the mean±SEM. ANOVA, followed by post hoc test was used to determine differences across time and phase. T test was employed to determine differences between two groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  apoptosis revealed significant increase in apoptotic germ cells (80% when rats were administered with TU+DMPA. Apoptotic germ cells can be found in several spermatogonia (20%), spermatocytes (30%), and spermatids (50%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  dose TU+DMPA hormones may be a safe and effective way to develop potential male contraceptives.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of North Sumatra. Jl. Bioteknologi I Kampus USU Medan 20155, Indonesia. syaf_ilyas2004@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Syafruddin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ilyas
authors.forename: Silvia W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Lestari
authors.forename: Nukman
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Moeloek
authors.lastname: Asmarinah
authors.forename: Nurjati C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Siregar
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000728:Androgens / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D053713:Azoospermia / Q000139:chemically induced; D003272:Contraceptive Agents, Male / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D008297:Male; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013076:Sperm Count; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D013739:Testosterone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D003272:Contraceptive Agents, Male; D013739:Testosterone; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate; C010792:testosterone undecanoate