title: E-prescribing: history, issues, and potentials.
abstract: Electronic-Prescribing, Computerized Prescribing, or E-RX has increased dramatically of late in the American health care system, a long overdue alternative to the written form for the almost five billion drug treatments annually. This paper examines the history and selected issues in the rise of E-RX by a review of salient literature, interviews, and field observations in Pharmacy. Pharmacies were early adopters of computerization for a variety of factors. The profession in its new corporate forms of chain drug stores and pharmacy benefits firms has sought efficiencies, profit enhancements, and clinical improvements through managed care strategies that rely upon data automation. E-RX seems to be a leading factor in overall physician acceptance of Electronic Medical Records (EMRs), although the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid (CMS) incentives seem to be the propelling force in acceptance. We conclude that greater research should be conducted by public health professionals to focus on resolutions to pharmaceutical use, safety, and cost escalation, which persist and remain dire following health reform.
authors.affiliation: University of Illinois at Chicago, School of Public Health.
authors.forename: J Warren
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Salmon
authors.forename: Ruixuan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jiang
keywords: CPOE; E-RX; EMR; Electronic Medical Records; Electronic Prescribing; Medicare incentivizing; Obamacare; PBMs; Pharmacists; Physicians; adverse drug reactions; clinical decision support; e-prescribing; implementation; pharmacy; pharmacy benefits managers; retail chain drugstores