title: Congenital sternal foramen in a stillborn Holstein calf.
abstract: Congenital sternal foramen is an anomaly whose occurrence is rare in human but is especially unusual in animals. This defect was formed when fusion of multiple ossification centers was incomplete. It may be associated with other lesions in body organs especially cardiac anomalies. In the present study, we report a very rare case of congenital sternal foramen in a Holstein calf. The oval defect was like a gunshot wound and located at the lower third of the sternum. Apparently, the rest of skeleton system seems normal. The awareness of the anomaly is important for better diagnosis and treatment of diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord Branch, Shahrekord, Iran.
authors.forename: Shahrzad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Azizi
authors.forename: Mohsen Khosravi
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Bakhtiary
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goodarzi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001847:Bone Diseases / Q000151:congenital / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000151:congenital* / Q000473:pathology; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D013249:Sternum / Q000473:pathology*
keywords: Calf; Congenital; Congenital anomalies; Human; Sternal foramen; Sternum