title: Applying the Bookmark method to medical education: standard setting for an aseptic technique station.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose was to evaluate the Bookmark standard-setting method for use on a performance-based assessment in medical education.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared cutscores for Aseptic performance assessment using the modified Angoff, Hofstee and modified Bookmark methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Angoff produced a cutscore of 62%, SD=18 and a percent passing (pp)= 64%. The Hofstee cutscore was 71%, SD=7 and pp=46%. Bookmark mean cutscores were 65.9% SD=10.7 and pp=42% for advanced beginners; 83.6%, SD=9.2 and pp=17% for competent and the proficient category resulted in a cutscore of 96.4% SD=3.9 and pp=1%. Faculty judges found the Bookmark method to be an easy and acceptable method.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Bookmark method was acceptable to faculty, has reasonable quality metrics when compared to other methods and can be a practical tool for establishing standards in performance-based examinations. The Bookmark method could be useful for establishing multiple levels of competency using the Dreyfus criteria.
authors.affiliation: University of Michigan Medical School and Ann Arbor Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA. mlypson@umich.edu
authors.forename: Monica L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Lypson
authors.forename: Steven M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Downing
authors.forename: Larry D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Gruppen
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yudkowsky
mesh_terms: D001207:Asepsis / Q000592:standards*; D004504:Education, Medical, Undergraduate / Q000592:standards*; D004521:Educational Measurement / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D011594:Psychometrics