title: Versatile probes for the selective detection of vicinal-dithiol-containing proteins: design, synthesis, and application in living cells.
abstract: Endogenous vicinal-dithiol-containing proteins (VDPs) that have two thiol groups close to each other in space play a significant importance in maintaining the cellular redox microenvironment. Approaches to identify VDPs mainly rely on monitoring the different concentration of monothiol and total thiol groups or on indirect labeling of vicinal thiols by using p-aminophenylarsenoxide (PAO). Our previous work has reported the direct labeling of VDPs with a highly selective receptor PAO analogue, which could realize fluorescence detection of VDPs directly in living cells. Herein, we developed a conjugated approach to expand detectable tags to nitrobenzoxadiazole (NBD), fluorescein, naphthalimide, and biotin for the synthesis of a series of probes. Different linkers have also been introduced toward conjugation of VTA2 with these functional tags. These synthesized flexible probes with various features will offer new tools for the potential identification and visualization of vicinal dithiols existing in different regions of VDPs in living cells. These probes are convenient tools for proteomics studies of various disease-related VDPs and for the discovery of new drug targets.
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai, 200237, PR China.
authors.forename: Chusen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Jiangjiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: Weiping
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Xuhong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: Yufang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D001152:Arsenicals / Q000032:analysis / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000166:cytology; D008954:Models, Biological; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D040901:Proteomics; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D014050:Toluene / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D001152:Arsenicals; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D011506:Proteins; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D014050:Toluene; C032642:4-aminophenylarsenoxide; C004848:dithiol