title: Date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruit soluble phenolics composition and anti-atherogenic properties in nine Israeli varieties.
abstract: Date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruit soluble phenolics composition and anti-atherogenic properties were examined in nine diverse Israeli grown varieties. Ethanol and acetone extracts of 'Amari', 'Barhi', 'Deglet Noor', 'Deri', 'Hadrawi', 'Hallawi', 'Hayani', 'Medjool', and 'Zahidi' fruit were analyzed for phenolics composition by RP-HPLC and tested for anti-atherogenicity by measuring their effects on LDL susceptibility to copper ion- and free radical-induced oxidation, and on serum-mediated cholesterol efflux from macrophages. The most frequently detected phenolics were hydroxybenzoates, hydroxycinnamates, and flavonols. Significant differences in phenolics composition were established between varieties as well as extraction solvents. All extracts inhibited LDL oxidation, and most extracts also stimulated cholesterol removal from macrophages. Considerable varietal differences were measured in the levels of the bioactivities. Also, acetone extracts exhibited a significantly higher anti-atherogenic potency for most varieties. The presence of soluble ingredients with anti-atherogenic capacities in dates and the possible involvement of phenolics are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Southern Arava Research and Development, M P Hevel Eilot 88820, Israel. hamutalborochov@rd.ardom.co.il
authors.forename: Hamutal
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Borochov-Neori
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Judeinstein
authors.forename: Amnon
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Greenberg
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Volkova
authors.forename: Mira
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rosenblat
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aviram
mesh_terms: D000096:Acetone; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry*; D028023:Arecaceae / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003300:Copper / Q000378:metabolism; D000431:Ethanol; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007557:Israel; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood; D008264:Macrophages / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry*; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D010636:Phenols; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein; D000096:Acetone; D000431:Ethanol; D003300:Copper