title: Ankle brachial index in children with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to assess the ankle brachial index (ABI) as a predictor of peripheral arterial diseases (PAD) in children with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (NS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty children (11 males and 9 females) attending the Pediatric Nephrology Outpatient Clinic of El-Minia University Hospital, Egypt, were enrolled in this study. Their age ranged between 5 and 15 years with a mean of 10.75 ± 3.31 years. They had proteinuria and were dependent on steroid therapy. Twenty healthy age- and sex-matched children served as a control group. All patients and controls underwent a thorough history-taking and clinical examination. All subjects in the study underwent laboratory investigations, including a urine analysis (24-hour test for protein in urine, and levels of serum urea and creatinine, triglycerides, and cholesterol). A renal biopsy was done to diagnose the children's histopathological type of NS. A Doppler study was done to determine patients' ABI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ABI was significantly higher in the patient group than in the control group (P <0.0001). There was a negative correlation between ABI and duration of treatment (r value = 0.77 and P <0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ABI is simple non-invasive manoeuvre that can reliably assess arterial stiffness as an early predictor of atherosclerosis in nephrotic patients with long duration of both illness and steroid therapy.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pediatrics, El-Minia University Hospital, Minia, Egypt.
authors.forename: Sheren M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Mohamed
authors.forename: Abdelazem
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Elmazary
authors.forename: Hany T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Taha
keywords: Ankle brachial index; Children; Egypt; Nephrotic syndrome; Steroid resistant