title: Injectable, cellular-scale optoelectronics with applications for wireless optogenetics.
abstract: Successful integration of advanced semiconductor devices with biological systems will accelerate basic scientific discoveries and their translation into clinical technologies. In neuroscience generally, and in optogenetics in particular, the ability to insert light sources, detectors, sensors, and other components into precise locations of the deep brain yields versatile and important capabilities. Here, we introduce an injectable class of cellular-scale optoelectronics that offers such features, with examples of unmatched operational modes in optogenetics, including completely wireless and programmed complex behavioral control over freely moving animals. The ability of these ultrathin, mechanically compliant, biocompatible devices to afford minimally invasive operation in the soft tissues of the mammalian brain foreshadow applications in other organ systems, with potential for broad utility in biomedical science and engineering.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
authors.forename: Tae-il
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jordan G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: McCall
authors.forename: Yei Hwan
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Xian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Edward R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Siuda
authors.forename: Yuhang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jizhou
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Young Min
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Hsuan An
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Pao
authors.forename: Rak-Hwan
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Chaofeng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Sung Dan
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Il-Sun
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Gunchul
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Ream
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Al-Hasani
authors.forename: Stanley
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Meng Peun
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Yonggang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Fiorenzo G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Omenetto
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Bruchas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D055724:Electrophysiological Phenomena; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008839:Microelectrodes; D008904:Miniaturization; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D062308:Optogenetics; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D012666:Semiconductors