title: An in vitro biocompatibility study of conventional and resin-modified glass ionomer cements.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the biocompatibility of a glass-ionomer (GIC) and a resin-modified glass-ionomer cement (RM-GIC), cell viability was examined in a model of human gingival fibroblasts using morphological, biochemical, and ionic patterns by means of phase contrast microscopy, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, and quantitative x-ray microanalysis (EPXMA).
  
  
  METHODS
  The GIC Ketac-Molar Easymix (3M ESPE) and the RM-GIC Vitrebond (3M ESPE) were compared in human gingival fibroblasts exposed to the cements for 72 h. As controls, fibroblasts cultured with DMEM culture medium (negative control) and with 1% triton × (positive control) were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Light microscopic findings showed greater morphological alterations in cells exposed to RM-GIC than to GIC. The relative percentage of LDH released from the cells to the supernatant was significantly higher in RMGIC cultures than in the control. Quantitative x-ray microanalysis showed that cultures exposed to RM-GIC were characterized by an increase in intracellular Na and a decrease in intracellular Cl and K. These changes in ion composition were significant compared to control and GIC cultures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The three indicators of cellular biocompatibility after 72 h of exposure showed that RM-GIC led to more marked alterations than GIC in human gingival fibroblasts.
authors.forename: Ismael A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.forename: Carlos A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Ferrara
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Campos-Sanchez
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alaminos
authors.forename: Jorge Uribe
authors.initials: JU
authors.lastname: Echevarría
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Campos
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D048430:Cell Shape / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002712:Chlorides / Q000032:analysis; D004577:Electron Probe Microanalysis; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects; D005881:Gingiva / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007424:Intracellular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000032:analysis; D008422:Materials Testing; D008858:Microscopy, Phase-Contrast; D011188:Potassium / Q000032:analysis; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012964:Sodium / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D002712:Chlorides; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; C515713:Ketac Molar Easymix; D019279:Resin Cements; C067790:Vitrabond; D012964:Sodium; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D011188:Potassium