title: Sex differences of oxidative stress to cholestatic liver and kidney injury in young rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sexual dimorphism plays a role in the liver and in renal injuries. However, whether sex is a risk factor in bile duct ligation (BDL) in young rats has never been examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six male and six female rats treated with BDL were sacrificed 2 weeks after surgery and were designated as BDL-M and BDL-F groups. The other six male and six female rats that received sham ligation were designated as sham-M and sham-F groups. Plasma biochemistry and liver and kidney asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA)-related molecules were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both BDL-M and BDL-F groups had elevated plasma aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), bilirubin, and transforming growth factor-β1 levels. The BDL-F group had lower plasma AST and ALT levels than the BDL-M group. The BDL-M and BDL-F groups had elevated plasma ADMA levels. The cationic amino acid transporter 1 (CAT1) level was increased in the BDL-F group as compared to the sham-F group, whereas the CAT2 level was reduced in the both BDL-M and BDL-F groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found that young male rats were prone to higher degrees of biochemical liver and kidney injury to cholestasis. Sex differences in modulation of oxidative stress markers, such as ADMA, may play a role. Our results support careful monitoring and optimal treatment of cholestatic disease, especially in young male patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Kow-Aung
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: I-Chun
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Jiunn-Ming
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Sheen
authors.forename: Yu-Chieh
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chih-Cheng
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: You-Lin
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Tain
authors.forename: Chih-Sung
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.forename: Li-Tung
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D027201:Cationic Amino Acid Transporter 1 / Q000032:analysis; D027202:Cationic Amino Acid Transporter 2 / Q000032:analysis; D002779:Cholestasis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D007668:Kidney / Q000293:injuries / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012727:Sex Characteristics
chemical_list: D027201:Cationic Amino Acid Transporter 1; D027202:Cationic Amino Acid Transporter 2; C018524:N,N-dimethylarginine; D001120:Arginine