title: The improvement of the endogenous antioxidant property of stone fish (Actinopyga lecanora) tissue using enzymatic proteolysis.
abstract: The stone fish (Actinopyga lecanora) ethanolic and methanolic tissue extracts were investigated for total phenolic contents (TPCs) as well as antioxidant activity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH(•)) radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Both extracts showed low amount of phenolics (20.33 to 17.03 mg of gallic acid equivalents/100 g dried sample) and moderate antioxidant activity (39% to 34% DPPH(•) radical scavenging activity and 23.95 to 22.30 mmol/100 mL FeSO4 FRAP value). Enzymatic proteolysis was carried out in order to improve the antioxidant activity using six commercially available proteases under their optimum conditions. The results revealed that the highest increase in antioxidant activity up to 85% was obtained for papain-generated proteolysate, followed by alcalase (77%), trypsin (75%), pepsin (68%), bromelain (68%), and flavourzyme (50%) as measured by DPPH(•) radical scavenging activity, whilst for the FRAP value, the highest increase in the antioxidant activity up to 39.2 mmol/100 mL FeSO4 was obtained for alcalase-generated proteolysate, followed by papain (29.5 mmol/100 mL FeSO4), trypsin (23.2 mmol/100 mL FeSO4), flavourzyme (24.7 mmol/100 mL FeSO4), bromelain (22.9 mmol/100 mL FeSO4), and pepsin (20.8 mmol/100 mL FeSO4). It is obvious that proteolysis of stone fish tissue by proteolytic enzymes can considerably enhance its antioxidant activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bordbar
authors.forename: Afshin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ebrahimpour
authors.forename: Azizah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abdul Hamid
authors.forename: Mohd Yazid
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Abdul Manap
authors.forename: Farooq
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Anwar
authors.forename: Nazamid
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Saari
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000737:chemistry*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000737:chemistry; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry*; D010851:Picrates / Q000737:chemistry; D059748:Proteolysis; D012616:Sea Cucumbers / Q000378:metabolism; D014020:Tissue Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D010636:Phenols; D010851:Picrates; D014020:Tissue Extracts; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl; D005978:Glutathione