title: Morphology of the male reproductive system and sperm ultrastructure of the egg parasitoid Gryon pennsylvanicum (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera, Platygastridae).
abstract: Gryon pennsylvanicum is a platygastrid hymenopteran that has lately received increasing attention in Europe due to its possible use in biological control of the conifer seed bug pest Leptoglossus occidentalis. Here the male reproductive system and the spermatogenesis of this species, along with those of Gryon muscaeformis, are examined ultrastructurally for the first time. The male genital system is formed by a pair of testes, each containing only one follicle, a pair of accessory glands and deferent ducts connected to a single ejaculatory duct. All the stages of spermatogenesis are described in detail. Characteristic features of the Gryon spp. sperm, which are 100 μm long, are the presence of a polygonal nucleus, only one mitochondrial derivative, the occurrence of the centriole adjunct and a typical insect 9 + 9 + 2 flagellar axoneme. The single derivative, however, results from a process in which one of the two mitochondria is lost during spermiogenesis. Unlike in other insects, two centrioles occur in spermatids as a consequence of the ameiotic parthenogenesis. These characteristics stand as a valuable tool for phylogenetic inferences. Furthermore this study suggests a useful strategy for laboratory mass rearing.
authors.affiliation: Consiglio per la Ricerca e la sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Centro di Ricerca per l'Agrobiologia e la Pedologia (CRA-ABP), via di Lanciola 12/a, Cascine del Riccio, 50125 Firenze, Italy. francesco.paoli@entecra.it
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Paoli
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gottardo
authors.forename: Romano
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dallai
authors.forename: Pio Federico
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Roversi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D061046:Biological Control Agents; D001955:British Columbia; D005837:Genitalia, Male / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006927:Hymenoptera / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008297:Male; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D011679:Pupa / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013045:Species Specificity; D013091:Spermatogenesis; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D061046:Biological Control Agents