title: Treatment implications: using neuroscience to guide the development of new pharmacotherapies for alcoholism.
abstract: Developing pharmacotherapies to treat alcohol dependence and associated health problems traditionally has been based on gaining a better understanding of the neuroscience underlying alcohol-drinking behavior. To date, three medications have been approved for the treatment of alcohol dependence: disulfiram (Antabuse®), naltrexone (Revia®, Vivitrol®, and Naltrel®), and acamprosate (Campral®). However, these medications have modest efficacy, and there is a great need for newer medications that target different neurochemical systems and which could be used either as adjunctive treatments or to treat subpopulations of drinkers. Furthermore, it also is important to improve current treatment options by understanding and incorporating differences in how people with certain genes respond to medication (i.e., pharmacogenetic differences).
authors.affiliation: Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
authors.forename: Suchitra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Krishnan-Sarin
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: O'Malley
authors.forename: John H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Krystal
mesh_terms: D000077443:Acamprosate; D000427:Alcohol Deterrents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D001923:Brain Chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D004221:Disulfiram / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D009271:Naltrexone / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013654:Taurine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000427:Alcohol Deterrents; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D013654:Taurine; D009271:Naltrexone; D000077443:Acamprosate; D004221:Disulfiram