title: Multi-class determination of anthelmintics in soil and water by LC-MS/MS.
abstract: The translocation of antiparasitic drugs from animal excrement through soil and water to crops and forages and their recycling to food-producing animals is a potential concern with respect to the contamination of the food chain. To facilitate the investigation of this problem, an LC-MS/MS method for selected anthelmintics in soil and water was developed. The soil sample preparation involved a simple solvent extraction and dispersive clean-up technique. The method was validated at 10, 20 and 40 µg kg(-1) for levamisole, fenbendazole, fenbendazole sulphoxide and fenbendazole sulphone and at 20, 40 and 80 µg kg(-1) for eprinomectin. LOQs were 10 µg kg(-1) for the first four compounds and 20 µg kg(-1) for eprinomectin. The overall mean recoveries ranged from 76.1% to 89% for loamy soils and from 79.9% to 96.9% for sandy soils. Analysis of water samples was performed by extraction/concentration on an Oasis-HLB (Aschaffenburg, Germany) cartridge. Validation was performed at 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 µg l(-1). The LOQ for all compounds was 0.25 µg l(-1). Method recovery (and RSD) varied between 35.4% (28) for eprinomectin and 125.1% (16) for fenbendazole sulphone. The validated methods were applied to soil and water samples in a study on the behaviour of anthelmintic drugs in a soil-plant-water system (manuscript on "transport investigation of antiparasitic drugs based on a lysimeter experiment" in preparation).
authors.affiliation: Food and Environmental Protection Laboratory, FAO/IAEA Agriculture and Biotechnology Laboratories, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria. bdabalus@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Marivil D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Haberhauer
authors.forename: Alla
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kist
authors.forename: M Nasir
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Rathor
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gerzabek
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cannavan
mesh_terms: D000871:Anthelmintics / Q000032:analysis*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000871:Anthelmintics; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical