title: Impact of experimental type 1 diabetes mellitus on systemic and coagulation vulnerability in mice acutely exposed to diesel exhaust particles.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Epidemiological evidence indicates that diabetic patients have increased susceptibility to adverse cardiovascular outcomes related to acute increases in exposures to particulate air pollution. However, mechanisms underlying these effects remain unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  To evaluate the possible mechanisms underlying these actions, we assessed the systemic effects of diesel exhaust particles (DEP) in control mice, and mice with streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes. Four weeks following induction of diabetes, the animals were intratracheally instilled (i.t.) with DEP (0.4 mg/kg) or saline, and several cardiovascular endpoints were measured 24 h thereafter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DEP caused leukocytosis and a significant increase in plasma C-reactive protein and 8-isoprostane concentrations in diabetic mice compared to diabetic mice exposed to saline or non-diabetic mice exposed to DEP. The arterial PO2 as well as the number of platelets and the thrombotic occlusion time in pial arterioles assessed in vivo were significantly decreased following the i.t. instillation of DEP in diabetic mice compared to diabetic mice exposed to saline or non-diabetic mice exposed to DEP. Both alanine aminotransferase and aspartate transaminase activities, as well as the plasma concentrations of plasminogen activator inhibitor and von Willebrand factor were significantly increased in DEP-exposed diabetic mice compared to diabetic mice exposed to saline or DEP-exposed non-diabetic mice. The in vitro addition of DEP (0.25-1 μg/ml) to untreated mouse blood significantly and dose-dependently induced in vitro platelet aggregation, and these effects were exacerbated in blood of diabetic mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study has shown that systemic and coagulation events are aggravated by type 1 diabetes in mice, acutely exposed to DEP and has described the possible mechanisms for these actions that may also be relevant to the exacerbation of cardiovascular morbidity accompanying particulate air pollution in diabetic patients.
authors.forename: Abderrahim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nemmar
authors.forename: Deepa
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Subramaniyan
authors.forename: Javed
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yasin
authors.forename: Badreldin H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Ali
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001160:Arterioles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005342:Fibrinolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D019570:Inhalation Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D020767:Intracranial Thrombosis / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000187:drug effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000633:toxicity*; D010841:Pia Mater / Q000098:blood supply*; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013997:Time Factors; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D052638:Particulate Matter; D001335:Vehicle Emissions