title: An immunohistochemical study of verrucous hemangiomas.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  According to the International Society for the study of vascular Anomalies, vascular anomalies are classified as vascular neoplasms and vascular malformations. In some vascular lesions, categorization as a neoplasm or malformation has not been established with confidence so far. In order to further clarify the nosology of verrucous hemangioma, we studied 13 cases.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To analyze immunohistochemical characteristics of verrucous hemangiomas in order to gain further insight in its histogenesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We carried out a retrospective review. Immunohistochemical expression for Wilms tumor 1 (WT1), Glut-1 and D2-40 was performed in 13 cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immunohistochemistry performed with Glut-1 and WT1 showed positive staining in all lesions. All verrucous hemangiomas lacked D2-40 immunostaining.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first report in the literature investigating WT1 in verrucous hemangioma in order to further clarify the nosology of this vascular anomaly. Despite the clinical features of verrucous hemangioma, which are similar to those seen in vascular malformations, verrucous hemangioma exhibited an immunoprofile similar to vascular neoplasms, according to WT1 and Glut-1 positivity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Hospital de Cascais Dr José de Almeida, Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: Felicidade
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Trindade
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Torrelo
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Requena
authors.forename: Oscar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Tellechea
authors.forename: Jesus
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Del Pozo
authors.forename: Felipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sacristán
authors.forename: Altea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Esteve-Martínez
authors.forename: Blanca
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: de Unamuno
authors.forename: Víctor Alegre
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: de Miquel
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Colmenero
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived / Q000378:metabolism; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D006391:Hemangioma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D054079:Vascular Malformations / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D019043:Vascular Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D025721:WT1 Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D014860:Warts / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1; D025721:WT1 Proteins; C500987:monoclonal antibody D2-40