title: Effect of spatial separation of pigs on spread of Streptococcus suis serotype 9.
abstract: The spread of an infectious agent in a population can be reduced by interfering in the infectiousness or susceptibility of individuals, and/or in their contact structure. The aim of this study was to quantify the effect of prevention of direct contact between infectious and susceptible pigs on the transmission of Streptococcus suis (S. suis). In three replicate experiments, S. suis-free pigs were housed in boxes either in pairs (25 pairs) or alone (15 pigs). The distance between the boxes was ±1 m. At 7 weeks of age, one pig of each pair was inoculated intranasally with S. suis serotype 9; the other pigs were exposed to S. suis by either direct (pairs) or indirect contact (individually housed pigs). Tonsillar brush and saliva swab samples from all pigs were collected regularly for 4 weeks post inoculation to monitor colonization with S. suis. All inoculated pigs became infected, and their pen mates became colonized within 2 days. Thirteen indirectly exposed pigs became positive within 7-25 days after exposure. The rate of direct transmission βdir was estimated to be 3.58 per pig per day (95% CI: 2.29-5.60). The rate of indirect transmission increased in time, depending on the cumulative number of days pigs tested positive for the presence of S. suis. The estimate β'ind was 0.001 (95% CI: 0.0006-0.0017) new infections per pig per day for each day that an infected pig was tested positive for S. suis. We conclude that prevention of direct contact reduces the rate at which susceptible pigs become colonized. Simulation studies using these parameters showed, however, that such intervention measure would not limit S. suis serotype 9 spread in a commercial pig farm to a relevant extent, implying that spatial separation of groups op pigs within a compartment would not be effective on a farm.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Farm Animal Health, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands. c.n.t.dekker@uu.nl
authors.forename: Niels
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dekker
authors.forename: Annemarie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bouma
authors.forename: Ineke
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Daemen
authors.forename: Don
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Klinkenberg
authors.forename: Leo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: van Leengoed
authors.forename: Jaap A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Wagenaar
authors.forename: Arjan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stegeman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology*; D017011:Streptococcus suis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D013552:Swine