title: Repeat robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN): feasibility and early outcomes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To demonstrate the feasibility, and to report our single-centre perioperative outcomes of repeat robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN).
  
  
  METHODS
  From June 2006 to June 2012, 490 patients underwent RAPN for a renal mass at our centre. Of these patients, nine who had undergone previous ipsilateral nephron-sparing surgery (NSS) were included in the analysis. Patient charts were reviewed to obtain demographic data, preoperative surgical history, operative details, and postoperative outcomes and follow-up data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all, 12 tumours were removed in nine patients (median age 69 years; six female). A third of the operations were performed on patients with a solitary kidney. The median (range) R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry score for the resected masses was 7 (4-8). The warm ischaemia time was 17.5 min and in three of the nine patients an unclamped procedure was performed. No intraoperative complications were registered, whereas only two minor complications occurred postoperatively. There were no renal unit losses. All surgical margins were negative. There was no significant difference between mean preoperative and latest postoperative mean estimated glomerular filtration rates (70.5 vs 63.5 mL/min/1.73 m(2) , P > 0.05). At a mean (sd) follow-up of 8.3 (13) months, eight of the nine patients with a pathology diagnosis of malignant neoplasm were alive and free from disease at the latest follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although technically more demanding, repeat RAPN can be safely and effectively performed in patients presenting with local recurrence after primary NSS for kidney cancer.
authors.affiliation: Center for Laparoscopic and Robotic Surgery, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Autorino
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khalifeh
authors.forename: Humberto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Laydner
authors.forename: Dinesh
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Samarasekera
authors.forename: Emad
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rizkala
authors.forename: Remi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Eyraud
authors.forename: Georges-Pascal
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Haber
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: Jihad H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kaouk
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D011184:Postoperative Period; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012371:Robotics / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D052096:Warm Ischemia