title: Promising role of ferulic acid, atorvastatin and their combination in ameliorating high fat diet-induced stress in mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study evaluated a comparative and combined hepatoprotective effect of atorvastatin (AS) and ferulic acid (F) against high fat diet (HFD) induced oxidative stress in terms of hyperlipidemia, anti-oxidative status, lipid peroxidation and inflammation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Swiss albino mice were given a diet containing high fat (H) (23.9% wt/wt), supplemented with AS (10mg/kg) or F (100mg/kg) and both (10 and 100mg/kg) for 8weeks. The control mice (C) were fed with normal diet.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The H mice exhibited increased body weight; hyperlipidemia; serum level of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6); hepatic lipid profile; lipid accumulation; reactive oxygen species (ROS) of hepatocytes, lipid peroxidation and liver antioxidant capacity was decreased. Immunofluorescent and Western blot assay revealed activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. The addition of F or AS and both in the diet significantly counteracted HFD induced body weight gain; hyperlipidemia; TNF-α, IL-6; hepatic lipid profile; fatty infiltration; NF-κB signaling pathway; ROS; lipid peroxidation and moreover elevated levels of hepatic antioxidant enzymes activity were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Simultaneous treatment with AS, F and their combination protected against HFD induced weight gain and oxidative stress. The protection may be attributed to the hypolipidemic and free radical scavenging activity of AS or F and their combination. This study illustrates that AS and F have relatively similar hypolipidemic, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory actions and the AS+F combination along with HFD has shown outstanding effects as compared to other treated groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, UCSTA, University of Calcutta, 92 APC Road, Kolkata 700 009, India.
authors.forename: Swaraj Bandhu
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Kesh
authors.forename: Kunal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sikder
authors.forename: Krishnendu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Manna
authors.forename: Dipesh Kr
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: Amitava
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Nilanjan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: Sanjit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dey
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D000069059:Atorvastatin; D003373:Coumaric Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006538:Heptanoic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D003373:Coumaric Acids; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D006538:Heptanoic Acids; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016328:NF-kappa B; D011758:Pyrroles; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000069059:Atorvastatin; C004999:ferulic acid