title: Short-term toxicity of ammonia, sodium hydroxide and a commercial biocide to golden mussel Limnoperna fortunei (Dunker, 1857).
abstract: Macrofouling bivalves are considered an ecological and technological problem worldwide. Control measures have been researched with Limnoperna fortunei, but without success. The aim of the manuscript is to test some alternatives to regulate this harmful invasive mollusk. Mortality and behavioral response (shell gaping) of Limnoperna fortunei exposed to three chemical compounds were evaluated. Values for LC50 96h were: 0.25 (0.24-0.27)mg/L NH3-N, 11.10 (7.45-16.55) mg/L MXD-100 and 88.51 (74.61-105.01)mg/L NaOH. Reduced gaping was observed beginning at concentrations of 0.31mg/L (NH3-N), 100mg/L (MXD-100) and 160mg/L (NaOH) and increased above these values. The percentage of individuals gaping after two hours at LC50 96h differed significantly (χ(2)=79.9; DF=3; p<0.001) in MXD-100 (50%), NaOH (0%), NH3-N (96.7%) and the controls (93.3%). This study contributes to the understanding of the relationship between toxicity and behavioral effects of some toxicants in L. fortunei.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Malacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil, CEP 21.040-900.
authors.forename: Lângia C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Montresor
authors.forename: Kleber C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Miranda-Filho
authors.forename: Adriano
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Paglia
authors.forename: Dalva M R
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Luz
authors.forename: Juliano M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Araújo
authors.forename: Márcio José
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: dos S Silva
authors.forename: Luciana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gerhard
authors.forename: Carlos B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.forename: Teofânia H D A
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Vidigal
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000633:toxicity*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015386:Hazardous Substances; D049879:Mytilidae; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide / Q000633:toxicity*; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D004202:Disinfectants; D015386:Hazardous Substances; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide; D000641:Ammonia