title: Biofilm formation on nanostructured hydroxyapatite-coated titanium.
abstract: Biofilm formation on medical devices is a common cause of implant failure, especially regarding implants that breach the epithelial tissue, so-called transcutaneous implants. Nanotechnology and the development of new nanomaterials have given the opportunity to design nanotextured implant surfaces. Such surfaces have been studied using various in vitro methods showing that nanosized features strongly benefit bone cell growth. However, little is known on how nanostructured features affect biofilm formation. The aim of this study was therefore to examine the shape- and chemical-dependent effect of a nanostructured hydroxyapatite (HA) coating on the degree of Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm formation. Three different types of nanosized HA particles having different shapes and calcium to phosphate ratios were compared to uncoated turned titanium using safranin stain in a biofilm assay and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) for assessment of biofilm biomass and bacterial volume, respectively. No difference in biofilm biomass was detected for the various surfaces after 6 h incubation with S. epidermidis. Additionally, image analysis of CLSM Z-stacks confirmed the biofilm assay and showed similar results. In conclusion, the difference in nanomorphology and chemical composition of the surface coatings did not influence the adhesion and biofilm formation of S. epidermidis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Applied Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Göteborg, Sweden; Nordic Institute of Dental Materials (NIOM as), NO-0805, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Emma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Westas
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gillstedt
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lönn-Stensrud
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bruzell
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Andersson
mesh_terms: D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D001681:Biological Assay; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017886:Durapatite / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D056951:Photoelectron Spectroscopy; D013212:Staphylococcus epidermidis / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D017886:Durapatite; D014025:Titanium
keywords: Staphylococcus epidermidis; biofilm; hydroxyapatite; implant; nanomorphology