title: Levels of electric field strength within the immediate vicinity of FM radio stations in Accra, Ghana.
abstract: Heightened awareness of the ever-expanding use of radiofrequency (RF) techniques and technology has led to mounting concerns from the general public and the scientific community regarding the possible health effects that may arise as a consequence of exposure to RF radiations and has drawn the attention of many researchers the world over. A survey of the RF electromagnetic radiation at public access points in the vicinity of 20 frequency-modulated (FM) radio stations has been made in Accra, Ghana. The fundamental object was to determine the levels of RF fields from FM broadcast antennae within 10-200 m radius about the foot of the FM base station and at a height of 1.5 m above the ground at selected locations. A spectrum analyser and a bi-conical antenna element sensitive and effective within the frequency band of 30-300 MHz were used. Results obtained indicated that the levels of electric field strength ranged from 5.4E-04 V m(-1) at FM station 'O' to 7.4E-08 V m(-1) at FM station 'D'. At a transmission frequency range of 88-108 MHz, the variation of power densities is from 2.5E-10 to 1.5E-17 Wm(-2). These values are very low and are far below the reference level set by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection and therefore do not pose any known hazard to the inhabitants of Accra, Ghana. The electric field levels presented in this work are comparable with those reported from epidemiological studies conducted elsewhere.
authors.affiliation: Radiation Protection Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, PO Box LG80, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Azah
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Amoako
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Fletcher
mesh_terms: D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D060733:Electromagnetic Radiation; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D040362:Geographic Information Systems; D005843:Geography; D005869:Ghana; D006801:Humans; D011834:Radiation Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D011846:Radio Waves