title: The association between modifiable well-being risks and productivity: a longitudinal study in pooled employer sample.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the longitudinal relationship between modifiable well-being risks and productivity.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 19,121 employees from five employers participated in baseline and follow-up well-being assessment surveys. Multivariate regressions assessed whether changes in absenteeism, presenteeism, and job performance were associated with changes in 19 modifiable well-being risks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over time, a 5% reduction in total count of well-being risks was significantly associated with 0.74% decrease in absenteeism, 2.38% decrease in presenteeism, and 0.24% increase in performance. High blood pressure, recurring pain, unhealthy diet, inadequate exercise, poor emotional health, poor supervisor relationship, not utilizing strengths doing job, and organization unsupportive of well-being had greater independent contributions in explaining productivity impairment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The often-ignored well-being risks such as work-related and financial health risks provided incremental explanation of longitudinal productivity variations beyond traditional measures of health-related risks.
authors.affiliation: Healthways, Inc, Center for Health Research, Franklin, TN 37067, USA. Yuyan.Shi@healthways.com
authors.forename: Yuyan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Lindsay E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Sears
authors.forename: Carter R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Coberley
authors.forename: James E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Pope
mesh_terms: D000041:Absenteeism; D000328:Adult; D004526:Efficiency; D004650:Employee Performance Appraisal; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D012044:Regression Analysis; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D014481:United States