title: Evaluation of anti-inflammatory potential of leaf extracts of Skimmia anquetilia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate anti-inflammatory potential of leaf extract of Skimmia anquetilia by in-vitro and in-vivo anti-inflammatory models.
  
  
  METHODS
  Acute toxicity study was carried out to determine the toxicity level of different extract using acute toxic class method as described in Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development Guidelines No.423. Carrageenan (1% w/w) was administered and inflammation was induced in rat paw. The leaf extracts of Skimmia anquetilia were evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity by in-vitro human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane stabilization method and in-vivo carrangeenan-induced rat paw edema method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The in-vitro membrane stabilizing test showed petroleum ether (PE), chloroform (CE), ethyl acetate (EE), methanol (ME) and aqueous extracts (AE) showed 49.44%, 59.39%, 60.15%, 68.40% and 52.18 % protection, respectively as compared to control groups. The in-vivo results of CE, EE and ME showed 58.20%, 60.17% and 67.53% inhibition of inflammation after 6h administration of test drugs in albino rats. The potency of the leaf extracts of Skimmia anquetilia were compared with standard diclofenac (10 mg/kg) which showed 74.18% protection in in-vitro HRBC membrane stabilization test and 71.64% inhibition in in-vivo carrangeenan-induced rat paw edema model. The ME showed a dose dependent significant (P< 0.01) anti-inflammatory activity in human red blood cell membrane stabilization test and reduction of edema in carrageenan induced rat paw edema.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present investigation has confirmed the anti-inflammatory activity of Skimmia anquetilia due to presence of bioactive phytoconstitutes for the first time and provide the pharmacological evidence in favor of traditional claim of Skimmia anquetilia as an anti- inflammatory agent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar-190006, India.
authors.forename: Vijender
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Zulfiqar Ali
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Bhat
authors.forename: Dinesh
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Chashoo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D027821:Rutaceae / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Anti-inflammatory; Carrageenan; Diclofenac; Leaf extract; Phytochemical analysis; Skimmia anquetilia