title: Controlled swine bile duct ablation with a bipolar radiofrequency catheter.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Radiofrequency (RF) power is capable of ablation of neoplastic tissue arising from Barrett's esophagus. Endoscopic catheter bipolar RF ablation is a new technique for ablation of neoplastic tissue in the bile duct.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of RF power on bile duct and solid organ histology.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nonsurvival animal study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Academic center.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study involved 4 Yorkshire farm swine.
  
  
  METHODS
  After we made a midline laparotomy incision, a bipolar RF catheter was placed with 3 power (5, 7, 10 W) and voltage settings (66, 132, 190 V) in the bile duct and solid organs (liver, spleen, kidney, and pancreas). Gross and histologic examinations were performed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Depth of ablation in the bile duct wall, characteristics of the ablation in the solid organs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An endoscopic bipolar RF catheter produced incomplete (bile duct), patchy ablation (pancreas) with 5 watts, intramural (bile duct) or confluent ablation with 7 watts, and transmural (bile duct) ablation at 10 W. The depth of ablation in the bile duct was 0.9 ± 0.3, 1.5 ± 0.2, 2.3 ± 0.6 mm at 5, 7, and 10 W, respectively (analysis of variance; P = .02). Histologic ablation was not achieved in the liver, although gross changes were seen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Animal study, normal bile duct.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RF energy applied to the bile duct or solid organs resulted in controlled ablation with a linear relationship between the depth of ablation in the bile duct and RF power.
authors.affiliation: Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Ebubekir S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Daglilar
authors.forename: Won Jae
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Mari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mino-Kenudson
authors.forename: William R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Brugge
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001652:Bile Ducts / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D009336:Necrosis; D010179:Pancreas / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D000078702:Radiofrequency Therapy; D013552:Swine