title: Flagella stator homologs function as motors for myxobacterial gliding motility by moving in helical trajectories.
abstract: Many bacterial species use gliding motility in natural habitats because external flagella function poorly on hard surfaces. However, the mechanism(s) of gliding remain elusive because surface motility structures are not apparent. Here, we characterized the dynamics of the Myxococcus xanthus gliding motor protein AglR, a homolog of the Escherichia coli flagella stator protein MotA. We observed that AglR decorated a helical structure, and the AglR helices rotated when cells were suspended in liquid or when cells moved on agar surfaces. With photoactivatable localization microscopy, we found that single molecules of AglR, unlike MotA/MotB, can move laterally within the membrane in helical trajectories. AglR slowed down transiently at gliding surfaces, accumulating in clusters. Our work shows that the untethered gliding motors of M. xanthus, by moving within the membrane, can transform helical motion into linear driving forces that push against the surface.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
authors.forename: Beiyan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nan
authors.forename: Jigar N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Bandaria
authors.forename: Amirpasha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moghtaderi
authors.forename: Im-Hong
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yildiz
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Zusman
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism*; D007834:Lasers; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods; D008954:Models, Biological; D056004:Molecular Dynamics Simulation; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology; D016941:Myxococcus xanthus / Q000502:physiology*; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; C063010:MotA protein, Bacteria