title: Lithotomy using cholangioscopy via the left hepatic duct orifice versus the common bile duct in laparoscopic treatment of left-sided hepatolithiasis: a comparative study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Laparoscopic hepatectomy is widely used in the surgical treatment of left-sided hepatolithiasis (LSH). Lithotomy using a cholangioscope usually is required for the treatment of concurrent right-sided hepatolithiasis or choledocholithiasis. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of gallstone elimination using cholangioscopy through the left hepatic duct (LHD) orifice versus the common bile duct (CBD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Eligible LSH patients (n=41) were scheduled for laparoscopic left lateral segmentectomy or left hemihepatectomy with intraoperative biliary exploration using cholangioscopy through the LHD orifice (LHD group, n=23) or the CBD (CBD group, n=18) at the discretion of patients. Laparoscopic T-tube insertion was performed in selected patients. Patients were regularly followed up at monthly intervals or more frequently in the presence of any symptom. The primary outcome measures included overall operative time, duration of the cholangioscopy procedure, volume of blood loss, length of hospital stay, and frequency of procedure-related complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The two groups were comparable in sex, age, symptoms, site of lesion, and gallstone comorbidities (P>.05). Of the 18 patients in the CBD group, 12 (66.7%) patients had a T-tube inserted in contrast to 1 (4.5%) patient in the LHD group. The two groups were comparable in cholangioscopy duration and volume of blood loss (P>.05), whereas the LHD group had a significantly shorter operative time than the CBD group (221.4 ± 58.6 minutes versus 171.2 ± 63.5 minutes; P<.05). The postoperative duration of hospitalization was significantly shorter in the LHD group than in the CBD group (7.5 ± 2.2 days versus 4.2 ± 1.9 days; P<.05). No patient showed any recurrence of gallstones or cholangitis during the follow-up period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As an effective and safe technique that is comparable to choledochotomy, LHD cholangioscopy is a preferred alternative to choledochotomy in the laparoscopic treatment of LSH because it offers patients shorter operative duration and length of hospitalization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, The General Hospital of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Beijing, China. liurong301@126.com
authors.forename: Ming-Gen
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Guo-Dong
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Cai-Guo
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Ouyang
authors.forename: Da-Bin
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D001653:Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic; D003135:Common Bile Duct; D016145:Endoscopy, Digestive System; D005260:Female; D042882:Gallstones / Q000601:surgery*; D006500:Hepatic Duct, Common; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D020347:Lithiasis / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies