title: In vitro bonding effectiveness of three different one-step self-etch adhesives with additional enamel etching.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of additional enamel etching on the shear bond strength of three self-etch adhesives.
  
  
  METHODS
  Class II box type cavities were made on extracted human molars. Teeth were randomly divided into one control group of etch and rinse adhesive and three test groups of self-etch adhesives (Clearfil S3 Bond, Futurabond NR, Xeno V). The teeth in the control group (n = 10) were treated with Adper™ Single Bond 2. The three test groups were further divided into two subgroups (n = 10): (i) self-etch adhesive was applied as per the manufacturer's instructions; (ii) additional etching of enamel surfaces was done prior to the application of self-etch adhesives. All cavities were restored with Filtek Z250. After thermocycling, shear bond strength was evaluated using a Universal testing machine. Data were analyzed using anova independent sample's 't' test and Dunnett's test. The failure modes were evaluated with a stereomicroscope at a magnification of 10×.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Additional phosphoric acid etching of the enamel surface prior to the application of the adhesive system significantly increased the shear bond strength of all the examined self-etch adhesives.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Additional phosphoric acid etching of enamel surface significantly improved the shear bond strength.
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry, Seema Dental College, Rishikesh, Utrakhand, India.
authors.forename: Charu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Batra
authors.forename: Rajni
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nagpal
authors.forename: Shashi Prabha
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Tyagi
authors.forename: Udai Pratap
authors.initials: UP
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Naveen
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Manuja
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000379:methods*; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D003775:Dental Polishing / Q000379:methods; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010756:Phosphoric Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D033081:Shear Strength; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: C554641:Adper single bond 2; C505694:Clearfil S3 Bond; D003188:Composite Resins; D003738:Dental Cements; D003764:Dental Materials; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; C444701:Filtek Z250; D008689:Methacrylates; D010756:Phosphoric Acids; D019279:Resin Cements; C575872:Xeno V; C512545:futurabond NR; D014867:Water; C030242:phosphoric acid
keywords: additional enamel etching; enamel surface morphology; one-step self-etch adhesives; shear bond strength