title: Flowable glass ionomer cement layer bonding to sound and carious primary dentin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a flowable glass ionomer cement (GIC) layer application on bond strength to sound (SD) and carious primary dentin (CD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Flat dentin surfaces from primary molars were randomly assigned to 4 groups (N=5) according to substrate (SD or CD; pH-cycling for 14 days); and layers of GIC (1 layer/control [regular powder/liquid ratio] or 2 layers [first a flowable GIC layer and second a regular powder/liquid ratio layer of GIC]). After 24 hours of water storage, specimens were prepared to be evaluated with the microtensile test (1 mm/min). The fracture pattern was evaluated at 400X magnification (stereomicroscope).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The bond strength to SD was higher than to CD when GIC was inserted in 2 layers (P=.02). No significant difference was observed between 1 or 2 layers of GIC insertion (P>.05). For all groups, adhesive/mixed fracture prevailed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The effect of applying the flowable GIC layer on bond strength to dentin is dependent on substrate and results in an increase in adhesion for sound primary dentin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tathiane Larissa
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Lenzi
authors.forename: Clarissa Calil
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Bonifácio
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bönecker
authors.forename: W Evert van
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Amerongen
authors.forename: Fernando Neves
authors.initials: FN
authors.lastname: Nogueira
authors.forename: Daniela Prócida
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Raggio
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000379:methods; D003731:Dental Caries; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D003804:Dentin / Q000473:pathology; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D006801:Humans; D013718:Tensile Strength; D014094:Tooth, Deciduous; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; C110713:fuji IX