title: Relationship between cold temperature and cardiovascular mortality, with assessment of effect modification by individual characteristics: Ibaraki Prefectural Health Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cold temperature has been reported to contribute to cardiovascular mortality, but it is not clear which people are more susceptible to cold temperature.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The relationship between ambient temperature and mortality was examined in 3,593 subjects from the Ibaraki Prefectural Health Study who died of cardiovascular disease during a mean follow-up period of 9.7±4.0 years. Daily values of meteorological variables were obtained from the Japan Meteorological Agency. Time-stratified case cross-over analysis was used. The multivariate odds ratios (ORs; 95% confidence interval) per 1°C decrease in daily maximum temperature over the day of death and the 2 days prior to this day adjusted for relative humidity were 1.018 (1.003-1.034) for all cardiovascular deaths and 1.025 (1.003-1.048) for stroke deaths. Risk-stratified analysis showed that younger subjects aged <80 years and those with hyperglycemia were more susceptible to cold temperature. The OR of all cardiovascular deaths related to cold temperature was 1.034 (1.012-1.056) for subjects aged <80 years, and that of stroke deaths was 1.076 (1.023-1.131) for those with hyperglycemia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exposure to cold temperature triggers cardiovascular deaths. Additionally, younger age and hyperglycemia could enhance susceptibility to cold temperature.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Atsumi
authors.forename: Kayo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: Fujiko
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Irie
authors.forename: Toshimi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sairenchi
authors.forename: Kyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Iimura
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Hiroyasu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iso
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ota
authors.forename: Kazutaka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aonuma
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D003080:Cold Temperature / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000401:mortality*; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000401:mortality*