title: In vitro anti-biofilm and anti-bacterial activity of Junceella juncea for its biomedical application.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the anti-biofilm and anti-bacterial activity of Junceella juncea (J. juncea) against biofilm forming pathogenic strains.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gorgonians were extracted with methanol and analysed with fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Biofilm forming pathogens were identified by Congo red agar supplemented with sucrose. A quantitative spectrophotometric method was used to monitor in vitro biofilm reduction by microtitre plate assay. Anti-bacterial activity of methanolic gorgonian extract (MGE) was carried out by disc diffusion method followed by calculating the percentage of increase with crude methanol (CM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The presence of active functional group was exemplified by FT-IR spectroscopy. Dry, black, crystalline colonies confirm the production of extracellular polymeric substances responsible for biofilm formation in Congo red agar. MGE exhibited potential anti-biofilm activity against all tested bacterial strains. The anti-bacterial activity of methanolic extract was comparably higher in Salmonella typhii followed by Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae and Shigella flexneri. The overall percentage of increase was higher by 50.2% to CM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To conclude, anti-biofilm and anti-bacterial efficacy of J. juncea is impressive over biofilm producing pathogens and are good source for novel anti-bacterial compounds.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli-24, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: S Senthamil
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Selvi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Govindaraju
mesh_terms: D018829:Adhesins, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D037421:Anthozoa / Q000737:chemistry*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003224:Congo Red; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D000432:Methanol / Q000494:pharmacology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D012485:Salmonella typhi / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared / Q000379:methods*; D014734:Vibrio cholerae / Q000472:pathogenicity*
chemical_list: D018829:Adhesins, Bacterial; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D003224:Congo Red; D000432:Methanol
keywords: Anti-bacterial; Anti-biofilm; Congo red agar; FT-IR; Junceella juncea; Microtitre plate assay