title: Disorders of midgut rotation: making the correct diagnosis on UGI series in difficult cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In some series of malrotation small numbers of children are described in whom the position of the duodenojejunal flexure was considered to be normal on straight anteroposterior (AP) view of an upper gastrointestinal (UGI) series.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to illustrate children with disorders of midgut rotation in whom the diagnosis was difficult because on the straight AP view of the UGI series the duodenojejunal flexure was either not clearly depicted or was projected to the left of the midline close to its expected normal position at or close to the level of the duodenal cap.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed 111 children with malrotation to determine the frequency that duodenojejunal flexure was not clearly depicted or was close to normal position.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven patients had close to normal position of duodenojejunal flexure on AP view. The correct diagnosis was made on initial UGI series in four patients based on other features on AP and lateral views. In two of the other three patients, a repeat UGI series facilitated the correct diagnosis. In the final patient, an abnormal position of a nasojejunal tube suggested the correct diagnosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Accurate diagnosis of anomalies of midgut rotation requires careful assessment of the entire duodenal sweep on both AP and lateral views to avoid false-negative interpretations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Vivian
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Daneman
authors.forename: Oscar M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Navarro
authors.forename: J Ted
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Gerstle
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004378:Duodenal Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007579:Jejunal Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D056888:Patient Positioning / Q000379:methods*; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014102:Torsion Abnormality / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D041742:Upper Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*