title: A comparative study of short- and long-TE ¹H MRS at 3 T for in vivo detection of 2-hydroxyglutarate in brain tumors.
abstract: 2-Hydroxyglutarate (2HG) is produced in gliomas with mutations of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) 1 and 2. The (1) H resonances of the J-coupled spins of 2HG are extensively overlapped with signals from other metabolites. Here, we report a comparative study at 3 T of the utility of the point-resolved spectroscopy sequence with a standard short TE (35 ms) and a long TE (97 ms), which had been theoretically designed for the detection of the 2HG 2.25-ppm resonance. The performance of the methods is evaluated using data from phantoms, seven healthy volunteers and 22 subjects with IDH-mutated gliomas. The results indicate that TE = 97 ms provides higher detectability of 2HG than TE = 35 ms, and that this improved capability is gained when data are analyzed with basis spectra that include the effects of the volume localizing radiofrequency and gradient pulses.
authors.affiliation: Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Harold C. Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Changho
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Sandeep
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ganji
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hulsey
authors.forename: Akshay
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Madan
authors.forename: Zoltan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kovacs
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dimitrov
authors.forename: Song
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Kumar
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pichumani
authors.forename: Dianne
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mendelsohn
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mickey
authors.forename: Craig
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Malloy
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bachoo
authors.forename: Ralph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Deberardinis
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Maher
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005910:Glioma / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D005973:Glutamine / Q000378:metabolism; D005977:Glutarates / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007521:Isocitrate Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011522:Protons; D055815:Young Adult; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005977:Glutarates; D011522:Protons; D005973:Glutamine; C019417:alpha-hydroxyglutarate; D001224:Aspartic Acid; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; C000179:N-acetylaspartate; D007521:Isocitrate Dehydrogenase
keywords: 1H MRS; 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG); 3 T; IDH-mutated gliomas; human brain; point-resolved spectroscopy (PRESS); short/long TE; volume-localized simulations