title: Utility of the SLUMS as a cognitive screening tool among a nonveteran sample of older adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the concurrent validity of the Saint Louis University Mental Status examination (SLUMS) by comparing the ability of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the SLUMS to predict performance on standard neuropsychological measures of memory and executive functioning.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional.
  
  
  METHODS
  University-based research clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Community-dwelling adults (N = 170) age 60 years and older (Mage = 73.08; SD = 8.18).
  
  
  METHODS
  The Trail Making Test (TMT), Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), MMSE, and SLUMS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The distributional properties of the SLUMS and the MMSE were directly compared. The SLUMS showed statistically a smaller mean, lower rank scores, and less skewness than the MMSE. Comparisons of the correlations of the screening tests with the neuropsychological measures indicated that the SLUMS demonstrated stronger relationships with the TMT compared with the MMSE. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to determine the ability of the SLUMS and the MMSE to predict scores on common neuropsychological tests after controlling for demographic variables. Results demonstrated that the SLUMS significantly predicted performance across all measures over the MMSE and demographic variables, with the exception of the WCST's perseverative errors. However, the MMSE does not add to the prediction of neuropsychological functioning over the SLUMS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the SLUMS and the MMSE are strongly correlated, the SLUMS significantly adds to the prediction of neuropsychological measures beyond the MMSE scores. Our findings suggest that the SLUMS may be an appropriate measure to use as a screening tool among older adults and may have fewer ceiling effects than the MMSE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Colorado at Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO 80918, USA. lfelicia@uccs.edu
authors.forename: Leilani
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Feliciano
authors.forename: Sheena M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Horning
authors.forename: Kelli J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Klebe
authors.forename: Sarah L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: R Elisabeth
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Cornwell
authors.forename: Hasker P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Davis
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D056344:Executive Function; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D008609:Mental Status Schedule; D008875:Middle Aged; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014145:Trail Making Test