title: Baseplate for two-stage cranial mounting of BMI connectors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Intracortical electrode arrays provide the best spatial and temporal resolution signals for brain-machine interfaces. Wireless technologies are being developed to handle this information capacity, but currently the only means to deliver neural information from the implant to a signal processing unit is by a physical connection starting at a skull-mounted connector. The failure rate of the attachment of these connectors is significant. In this study we report an improvement to the traditional connectors.
  
  
  METHODS
  We have designed and applied an intermediary mounting plate that incorporates several features that provide better, more stable fixation to the skull: (1) wide legs allowing distribution of loading forces and distancing the intracranial screws from the skin interface, (2) a thin shelf to allow early osseointegration, (3) a concave interior to accommodate the curvature of the cranium, and (4) two-stage fixation process providing time for osseointegration prior to the application of loading forces from the connector.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six baseplates, over four design iterations, have now been tested in three non-human primates. The baseplates are associated with a substantially lower attachment failure rate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our baseplate design improves on the current skull-mounted connectors, leading to better outcomes for subjects and fewer catastrophic failure events that can terminate resource intensive intracortical recording experiments.
authors.affiliation: Systems Neuroscience Institute, University of Pittsburgh, 4074 BST3, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA. amcmorl@pitt.edu
authors.forename: Angus J C
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: McMorland
authors.forename: Meel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Velliste
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001863:Bone Screws; D062207:Brain-Computer Interfaces; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D000882:Haplorhini; D018670:Monitoring, Ambulatory / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012886:Skull / Q000601:surgery*