title: Inconsistencies in emergency instructions on common household product labels.
abstract: Human exposures to non-pharmaceutical products often results in serious injury and death annually in the United States. Studies performed more than 25 years ago described inadequate first aid advice on the majority of household products. The current study evaluates contemporary non-pharmaceutical products with respect to location, uniformity and type of their first aid and emergency contact instructions. A random, convenience sample of commercial product label information was obtained from local retail stores over an 8 month period. Twelve common non-pharmaceutical product categories, with large numbers of annual human exposures, were identified from National Poison Data Systems data. A minimum of 10 unique products for each category utilized. The following information identified: product name and manufacturer, location on container, presence and type of route-specific treatment, medical assistance referral information. A total of 259 product labels were examined. First aid/contact information was located on container: rear 162 (63 %), side 28 (11 %), front 3 (1 %), bottom 2 (0.77 %), behind label 14 (5 %), missing entirely 50 (19 %). Fifty-five products (21 %) lacked any first aid instructions. Suggested contacts for accidental poisoning: none listed 75 (29 %), physician 144 (56 %), poison control centers 102 (39 %), manufacturer 44 (17 %), "Call 911" 10 (4 %). Suggested contacts for unintentional exposure and content of first aid instructions on household products were inconsistent, frequently incomplete and at times absent. Instruction locations similarly lacked uniformity. Household product labels need to provide concise, accurate first aid and emergency contact instructions in easy-to-understand language in a universal format on product labels.
authors.affiliation: California Poison Control System, San Diego Division, 200 West Arbor Drive, San Diego, CA 92103-8925, USA. lcantrell@calpoison.org
authors.forename: F Lee
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Cantrell
authors.forename: Sean Patrick
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Nordt
authors.forename: Jamey R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Krauss
mesh_terms: D004638:Emergency Treatment / Q000379:methods*; D005392:First Aid / Q000379:methods; D006795:Household Products; D006801:Humans; D011039:Poison Control Centers; D011356:Product Labeling / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014481:United States