title: Dose-dependent histological alterations in the rat lung following intravenous application of Re-188-labeled microspheres.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to determine the dose-effect correlation of pneumopathy after application of Rhenium-188 microspheres (Re-188 MS) in an animal model using histological changes as an end-point.
  
  
  METHODS
  Wistar rats received an intravenous injection of Re-188 MS yielding doses that ranged from ˜ 2 to ˜ 55 Gy. Lungs were removed after ˜ 25 weeks and prepared for histology. Sections were evaluated using a semi-quantitative 5-tiered score. Dose groups of 10 Gy intervals were statistically analyzed using the Chi-square test with respect to grade and extent of connective tissue accumulation, thickness of vessel walls and accumulation of alveolar macrophages (AM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a statistically significant increase in connective tissue content and extent in all dose groups compared to control lungs and at least between each other dose group. The steepest increase in connective tissue was at doses higher than 40 Gy. Starting from that dose, a statistically significant increase of AM accumulation and vessel wall thickness occurred.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was a clear dose-effect correlation between radiation dose and histological changes. These findings allow an estimation of potential normal tissue damage especially during tumor treatments of liver lesions with radioactive particles in patients with significant liver-to-lung shunts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatic Surgery.
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Haase
authors.forename: Knut
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Liepe
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Faulhaber
authors.forename: Gerd
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wunderlich
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Andreeff
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Gustavo B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Baretton
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fitze
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kotzerke
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D003238:Connective Tissue / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008168:Lung / Q000098:blood supply / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008863:Microspheres; D011868:Radioisotopes / Q000009:adverse effects*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012119:Respiration / Q000528:radiation effects; D012211:Rhenium / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D011868:Radioisotopes; D012211:Rhenium