title: Italian cardiological guidelines for sports eligibility in athletes with heart disease: part 2.
abstract: In Italy the existence of a law on health protection of competitive sports since 1982 has favored the creation and the revision of these cardiological guidelines (called COCIS), which have reached their fourth edition (1989-2009). The present article is the second English version, which has summarized the larger version in Italian. The experience of the experts consulted in the course of these past 20 years has facilitated the application and the compatibility of issues related to clinical cardiology to the sports medicine field. Such prolonged experience has allowed the clinical cardiologist to acquire knowledge of the applied physiology of exercise and, on the other hand, has improved the ability of sports physicians in cardiological diagnostics. All this work has produced these guidelines related to the judgment of eligibility for competitive sports in the individual clinical situations and in the different cardiovascular abnormalities and/or heart disease. Numerous arguments are debated, such as interpretation of the athlete's ECG, the utility of a preparticipation screening, arrhythmias, congenital heart disease, cardiomyopathies, arterial hypertension, ischemic heart disease and other particular issues.
authors.affiliation: National Italian Olympic Committee, Institute of Sports Medicine and Science, Rome, Italy. a.biffi@libero.it
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Biffi
authors.forename: Pietro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Delise
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zeppilli
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Giada
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pelliccia
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Penco
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Casasco
authors.forename: Pierluigi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Colonna
authors.forename: Antonello
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: D'Andrea
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: D'Andrea
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gazale
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Inama
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Spataro
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Villella
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Marino
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pirelli
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Romano
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cristiano
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bettini
authors.forename: Gaetano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Thiene
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Furlanello
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Corrado
mesh_terms: D056352:Athletes; D002309:Cardiology; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D004608:Eligibility Determination; D004777:Environment; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D007558:Italy; D010808:Physical Examination / Q000592:standards; D013178:Sports Medicine; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders