title: [Is height restoration possible with a comparatively smaller amount of cement in radiofrequency kyphoplasty using a monopedicle approach?].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Percutaneous cement augmentation systems have been proven to be an effective treatment for vertebral compression fractures in the last 10 years. A special form available since 2009 is the radiofrequency kyphoplasty (RF) in which the applied energy raises the viscosity of the cement. The aim of this study is to find out if a smaller cement amount in radiofrequency kyphoplasty can also restore vertebral body height in osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures.
  
  
  METHODS
  The treatment was minimally invasive using the StabiliT® vertebral augmentation system by DFine. In a retrospective study from 2011 to January 2012, 35 patients underwent RF kyphoplasty for 49 fresh osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. From the clinical side the parameters, demographics and pain relief using a visual analogue scale (VAS: 0 to 100 mm) were collected. For the radiological outcome the vertebral body height (anterior, mean and posterior vertebral body height with kyphosis angle) after surgery and after three months was measured and compared to the cement volume.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients still had permanent pain on the fractured level after conservative treatment. The time from initial painful fracture to treatment was 3.0 weeks ± 1.3. Average visual analogue scale results decreased significantly from 71 ± 9.2 preoperatively to 35 ± 6.2 postoperatively (p < 0.001) and to 30 ± 5.7 (p < 0.001) after three months. With a mean cement volume in the thoracic spine of 2.9 ± 0.7 ml (1.8-4.1) and lumbar spine of 3.0 ± 0.7 ml (2.0-5.0) we had a significant vertebral body height restoration. Anterior and mean vertebral body heights significantly increased by an average of 2.3 and 3.1 mm, kyphosis angle significantly decreased with an average of 2.1° at three-month follow-up (p < 0.05). In two vertebrae (4.1 %) a minimal asymptomatic cement leakage occurred into the upper disc. In two patients (5.7 %) we had new fractures in the directly adjacent segment that were also successfully treated with radiofrequency kyphoplasty.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With a mean cement volume of 3.0 ml radiofrequency kyphoplasty achieves rapid and short-term improvements of clinical symptoms with a significant restoration of vertebral body height. There was no correlation between restoration of vertebral body height and pain relief. With a cement leakage of 4.1 % RF kyphoplasty is a safe and effective minimally invasive percutaneous cement augmentation procedure. Our data confirm the higher safety described in literature for kyphoplasty in contrast to vertebroplasty.
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Orthopädie, Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale). marc.roellinghoff@gmx.de
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Röllinghoff
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hagel
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Siewe
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gutteck
authors.forename: K-S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Delank
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Steinmetz
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zarghooni
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001827:Body Height; D001843:Bone Cements / Q000528:radiation effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D050815:Fractures, Compression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D006244:Hardness / Q000528:radiation effects; D006801:Humans; D058498:Kyphoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011846:Radio Waves; D016103:Spinal Fractures / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001843:Bone Cements