title: Morning blood pressure surge and nighttime blood pressure in relation to nocturnal sleep pattern and arterial stiffness.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The phenomenon of morning blood pressure (BP) surge (MBPS) is known to increase the risk for cardiovascular events and stroke. The purposes of this study were to explore associations between MBPS and nighttime BP and to examine arterial stiffness and sleep pattern in association with MBPS.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included 30 healthy Korean American women aged 25 to 60 years. Ambulatory BP was monitored for 24 hours. To evaluate MBPS, maximum morning BP(power) was calculated. Arterial stiffness was measured by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, and sleep pattern was evaluated using an actigraphy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The participants (n = 8) in the upper quartile of MBPS had higher morning systolic BPs (SBPs; P = 0.015) and lower nighttime diastolic BPs (P = 0.031). The MBPS in SBP was significantly increased in the participants who had a more wakeful night (P = 0.038) and who slept longer at night (P = 0.041). Although MBPS was not significantly related to arterial stiffness, higher morning SBP (P = 0.005), morning diastolic BP (P = 0.048), and prewake SBP (P = 0.005) were associated with arterial stiffness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings imply a possible link between disturbed sleep and MBPS. Clinicians should understand the importance of the modification of altered sleep pattern for reducing MBPS in nonhypertensive participants.
authors.affiliation: Minhee Suh, PhD, RN Postdoctoral Fellow, School of Nursing, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Debra J. Barksdale, PhD, FNP-BC Associate Professor, School of Nursing, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Jeongok G. Logan, PhD, RN Postdoctoral Fellow, National Institutes of Health-National Institute of Nursing Research, Washington, DC.
authors.forename: Minhee
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suh
authors.forename: Debra J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Barksdale
authors.forename: Jeongok G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Logan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001213:Asian; D044466:Asian People; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D018660:Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000208:ethnology; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000503:physiopathology; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology; D059289:Vascular Stiffness / Q000502:physiology*