title: Proinflammatory cytokines are elevated in serum of patients with multiple system atrophy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite several lines of evidence from preclinical and post-mortem studies suggesting that inflammation is involved in Multiple System Atrophy (MSA), no previous studies have measured peripheral indices of inflammation in MSA patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured C-reactive protein, interleukin (IL)-6, soluble IL-2 receptor and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in blood samples from MSA patients (n = 14) and healthy controls (n = 40).
  
  
  RESULTS
  IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly elevated in MSA patients compared to healthy controls. After controlling for the potentially confounding effects of age, gender, and somatic co-morbidities, a diagnosis of MSA was still significantly associated with high levels of TNF-α. Higher TNF-α levels were associated with less severe motor symptoms and earlier disease stage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings are in line with the hypothesis that inflammation might be involved at an early stage of MSA pathophysiology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Section for Psychiatry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Eli
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kaufman
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: Yulia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Surova
authors.forename: Håkan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Widner
authors.forename: Oskar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hansson
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lindqvist
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019578:Multiple System Atrophy / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators