title: Bioactive volatile organic compounds from Antarctic (sponges) bacteria.
abstract: Antarctic bacteria represent a reservoir of unexplored biodiversity, which, in turn, might be correlated to the synthesis of still undescribed bioactive molecules, such as antibiotics. In this work we have further characterized a panel of four marine Antarctic bacteria able to inhibit the growth of human opportunistic multiresistant pathogenic bacteria belonging to the Burkholderia cepacia complex (responsible for the 'cepacia' syndrome in Cystic Fibrosis patients) through the production of a set of microbial Volatile Organic Compounds (mVOCs). A list of 30 different mVOCs synthesized under aerobic conditions by Antarctic bacteria was identified by GC-SPME analysis. Cross-streaking experiments suggested that Antarctic bacteria might also synthesize non-volatile molecules able to enhance the anti-Burkholderia activity. The biosynthesis of such a mixture of mVOCs was very probably influenced by both the presence/absence of oxygen and the composition of media used to grow the Antarctic strains. The antimicrobial activity exhibited by Antarctic strains also appeared to be more related to their taxonomical position rather than to the sampling site. Different Bcc bacteria were differently sensitive to the 'Antarctic' mVOCs and this was apparently related neither to the taxonomical position of the different strains nor to their source. The genome sequence of three new Antarctic strains was determined revealing that only P. atlantica TB41 possesses some genes belonging to the nrps-pks cluster. The comparative genomic analysis performed on the genome of the four strains also revealed the presence of a few genes belonging to the core genome and involved in the secondary metabolites biosynthesis. Data obtained suggest that the antimicrobial activity exhibited by Antarctic bacteria might rely on a (complex) mixture of mVOCs whose relative concentration may vary depending on the growth conditions. Besides, it is also possible that the biosynthesis of these compounds might occur through still unknown metabolic pathways.
authors.affiliation: Lab. of Microbial and Molecular Evolution, Dept of Biology, University of Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Cristiana
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Papaleo
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Romoli
authors.forename: Gianluca
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bartolucci
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Maida
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Perrin
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fondi
authors.forename: Valerio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Orlandini
authors.forename: Alessio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mengoni
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Emiliani
authors.forename: Maria Luisa
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Tutino
authors.forename: Ermenegilda
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Parrilli
authors.forename: Donatella
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: de Pascale
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Michaud
authors.forename: Angelina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lo Giudice
authors.forename: Renato
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fani
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000864:Antarctic Regions; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D042602:Burkholderia cepacia complex / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000378:metabolism*; D011161:Porifera / Q000382:microbiology*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014871:Water Microbiology
chemical_list: D009822:Oils, Volatile