title: Multi-residue method for the determination of 16 recently used pesticides from various chemical groups in aqueous samples by using DI-SPME coupled with GC-MS.
abstract: A simple and solvent-free multi-residue method has been optimized to determine 16 currently used pesticides from different chemical groups in aqueous samples. The extraction of analytes was carried out with direct immersion solid-phase microextraction (DI-SPME) and for the identification and quantitative determination gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was applied. Two commonly used adsorbent coatings have been applied and compared: 100 μm of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and 85 μm of polyacrylate (PA). The method development parameters of DI-SPME, analyte desorption and GC-MS analysis have been outlined along with the final experimental conditions. When the optimum extraction conditions were applied (extraction time 60 min, 10% (w/v) NaCl solution, 45°C) the limits of detection (LODs) were in the range of 0.015-0.13 μgL(-1) and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were between 1.9 and 9.6%. The developed analytical method was successfully applied to the analysis of natural water samples from the following sources: river, sea, canal and rain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, ul. G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland. mtelk84@gmail.com
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tankiewicz
authors.forename: Calum
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Biziuk
mesh_terms: D005618:Fresh Water / Q000032:analysis*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis*; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction / Q000379:methods*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D010575:Pesticides; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical