title: Cardiopulmonary effects of intravenous fentanyl infusion in dogs during isoflurane anesthesia and with concurrent acepromazine or dexmedetomidine administration during anesthetic recovery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the cardiopulmonary effects of IV fentanyl administration in dogs during isoflurane anesthesia and during anesthetic recovery with or without dexmedetomidine or acepromazine.
  
  
  METHODS
  7 sexually intact male purpose-bred hound-type dogs aged 11 to 12 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dogs received a loading dose of fentanyl (5 μg/kg, IV) followed by an IV infusion (5 μg/kg/h) for 120 minutes while anesthetized with isoflurane and for an additional 60 minutes after anesthesia was discontinued. Dogs were randomly assigned in a crossover design to receive dexmedetomidine (2.5 μg/kg), acepromazine (0.05 mg/kg), or saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (1 mL) IV after anesthesia ceased. Cardiopulmonary data were obtained during anesthesia and for 90 minutes after treatment administration during anesthetic recovery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Concurrent administration of fentanyl and isoflurane resulted in significant decreases in mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate, and cardiac index and a significant increase in Paco2. All but Paco2 returned to pretreatment values before isoflurane anesthesia was discontinued. During recovery, dexmedetomidine administration resulted in significant decreases in heart rate, cardiac index, and mixed venous oxygen tension and a significant increase in arterial blood pressure, compared with values for saline solution and acepromazine treatments. Acepromazine administration resulted in significantly lower blood pressure and higher cardiac index and Po2 in mixed venous blood than did the other treatments. Dexmedetomidine treatment resulted in significantly lower values for Pao2 and arterial pH and higher Paco2 values than both other treatments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fentanyl resulted in transient pronounced cardiorespiratory effects when administered during isoflurane anesthesia. During anesthetic recovery, when administered concurrently with an IV fentanyl infusion, dexmedetomidine resulted in evidence of cardiopulmonary compromise and acepromazine transiently improved cardiopulmonary performance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. skeating@uoguelph.ca
authors.forename: Stephanie C J
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Keating
authors.forename: Carolyn L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Kerr
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Valverde
authors.forename: Ron J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Wayne N
authors.initials: WN
authors.lastname: McDonell
mesh_terms: D000075:Acepromazine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D058647:Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation / Q000662:veterinary; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D020927:Dexmedetomidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004285:Dogs; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D058647:Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists; D000075:Acepromazine; D020927:Dexmedetomidine; D007530:Isoflurane; D005283:Fentanyl