title: Predicting criminality from child maltreatment typologies and posttraumatic stress symptoms.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The associations between childhood abuse and subsequent criminality and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are well known. However, a major limitation of research related to childhood abuse and its effects is the focus on one particular type of abuse at the expense of others. Recent work has established that childhood abuse rarely occurs as a unidimensional phenomenon. Therefore, a number of studies have investigated the existence of abuse typologies.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study is based on a Danish stratified random probability survey including 2980 interviews of 24-year-old people. The sample was constructed to include an oversampling of child protection cases. Building on a previous latent class analysis of four types of childhood maltreatment, three maltreatment typologies were used in the current analyses. A criminality scale was constructed based on seven types of criminal behavior. PTSD symptoms were assessed by the PC-PTSD Screen.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant differences were found between the two genders with males reporting heightened rates of criminality. Furthermore, all three maltreatment typologies were associated with criminal behavior with odds ratios (ORs) from 2.90 to 5.32. Female gender had an OR of 0.53 and possible PTSD an OR of 1.84.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The independent association of participants at risk for PTSD and three types of maltreatment with criminality should be studied to determine if it can be replicated, and considered in social policy and prevention and rehabilitation interventions.
authors.affiliation: National Centre for Psychotraumatology, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark.
authors.forename: Ask
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Elklit
authors.forename: Karen-Inge
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Karstoft
authors.forename: Cherie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Armour
authors.forename: Dagmar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Feddern
authors.forename: Mogens
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Christoffersen
keywords: Childhood maltreatment; criminal behavior; emotional abuse; latent classes; national representative study; posttraumatic stress disorder; sexual abuse