title: EGFP tags affect cellular localization of ATP7B mutants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Wilson's disease is an autosomal recessive disorder of copper metabolism due to mutations within ATP7B gene. Clinical investigations indicate that ATP7B truncations are associated with an early age of onset when compared to its missense mutations. In vitro studies show that mislocalization of ATP7B mutants is involved in disease-causing mechanisms. Enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) tags are commonly used in in vitro studies of cellular localization of ATP7B mutants. However, there is still much unknown about cellular localization of ATP7B truncations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Here, we subcloned full-length human wild-type, a missense mutation (T935M), and four truncating mutants (E332X, Q511X, Q547X, Q819X) of ATP7B into pEGFP-C1, pEGFP-N2 and pCMV-myc, and transfected Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) and SH-SY5Y cells with them, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ATP7B truncations all showed a diffuse and homogenous distribution pattern within the cytosol of CHO and SH-SY5Y cells, whereas its wild-type proteins and T935M mutation were clustered in the Golgi apparatus. Furthermore, we found that EGFP tags at N- or C-terminal would severely affect cellular localization of ATP7B truncations, and EGFP tags at N-terminal also have an influence on T935M localization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EGFP tags may not be suitable for the detection of cellular localization of ATP7B mutants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Wang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Zhi-Ying
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D000073840:Copper-Transporting ATPases; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D009154:Mutation; D020125:Mutation, Missense
chemical_list: D027682:Cation Transport Proteins; C485184:enhanced green fluorescent protein; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases; C000612464:ATP7B protein, human; D000073840:Copper-Transporting ATPases