title: Abutment emergence modification for immediate implant provisional restorations.
abstract: In their stock form, some titanium provisional implant abutments are not ideally designed for use in immediate placement/immediate provisional restoration treatment. This is largely due to the apical flare design that applies excessive pressure to the peri-implant soft tissue complex and crestal bone. This appears to have the undesirable effect of increasing peri-implant bone resorption and severely impeding the potential for increases in gingival volume. This type of stock titanium abutment will therefore benefit significantly from recontouring. The subgingival portion of the abutment is recontoured from the flared stock shape to a straight or parallel design. This modification minimizes pressure on the surgical site and provides additional space around the subgingival portion of the provisional restoration, within which the gingiva has the potential to remodel and fill. This allows the potential formation of additional peri-implant gingival volume and a coronal maintenance or migration of the soft tissue complex. In order to minimize the "graying effect" of titanium abutments, the retentive portion is opaqued by the technician or clinician. These modifications will improve the potential outcomes for both the peri-implant gingiva and the provisional restoration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Narrowing the emergence profile of implant abutments for use in immediate implant provisional restorations appears to allow for creation of greater peri-implant volume. Thus resulting in increased esthetic potential and predictability of the peri-implant gingiva.
authors.affiliation: Division of Restorative Dentistry, University of California-Los Angeles School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA. tschoenbaum@dentistry.ucla.edu
authors.forename: Todd R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Schoenbaum
authors.forename: Yi-Yuan
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Perry R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Klokkevold
authors.forename: John S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Snowden
mesh_terms: D059605:Dental Implant-Abutment Design; D019094:Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; D005881:Gingiva / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D057893:Immediate Dental Implant Loading