title: Pathogenesis of growth failure and partial reversal with gene therapy in murine and canine Glycogen Storage Disease type Ia.
abstract: Glycogen Storage Disease type Ia (GSD-Ia) in humans frequently causes delayed bone maturation, decrease in final adult height, and decreased growth velocity. This study evaluates the pathogenesis of growth failure and the effect of gene therapy on growth in GSD-Ia affected dogs and mice. Here we found that homozygous G6pase (-/-) mice with GSD-Ia have normal growth hormone (GH) levels in response to hypoglycemia, decreased insulin-like growth factor (IGF) 1 levels, and attenuated weight gain following administration of GH. Expression of hepatic GH receptor and IGF 1 mRNAs and hepatic STAT5 (phospho Y694) protein levels are reduced prior to and after GH administration, indicating GH resistance. However, restoration of G6Pase expression in the liver by treatment with adeno-associated virus 8 pseudotyped vector expressing G6Pase (AAV2/8-G6Pase) corrected body weight, but failed to normalize plasma IGF 1 in G6pase (-/-) mice. Untreated G6pase (-/-) mice also demonstrated severe delay of growth plate ossification at 12 days of age; those treated with AAV2/8-G6Pase at 14 days of age demonstrated skeletal dysplasia and limb shortening when analyzed radiographically at 6 months of age, in spite of apparent metabolic correction. Moreover, gene therapy with AAV2/9-G6Pase only partially corrected growth in GSD-Ia affected dogs as detected by weight and bone measurements and serum IGF 1 concentrations were persistently low in treated dogs. We also found that heterozygous GSD-Ia carrier dogs had decreased serum IGF 1, adult body weights and bone dimensions compared to wild-type littermates. In sum, these findings suggest that growth failure in GSD-Ia results, at least in part, from hepatic GH resistance. In addition, gene therapy improved growth in addition to promoting long-term survival in dogs and mice with GSD-Ia.
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth Drake
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Brooks
authors.forename: Dianne
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Little
authors.forename: Ramamani
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Arumugam
authors.forename: Baodong
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Curtis
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Demaster
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maranzano
authors.forename: Mark W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: Priya
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kishnani
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Freemark
authors.forename: Dwight D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Koeberl
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D005952:Glucose-6-Phosphatase / Q000235:genetics*; D006003:Glycogen / Q000378:metabolism; D005953:Glycogen Storage Disease Type I / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000097:blood; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D010012:Osteogenesis; D011859:Radiography
chemical_list: D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D013006:Growth Hormone; D006003:Glycogen; D005952:Glucose-6-Phosphatase