title: Imaging the urologic patient: the utility of intravenous pyelogram in the CT scan era.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  An opportunity exists to evaluate the quality of care in patients undergoing intravenous pyelogram (IVP) imaging and to define the role of IVP in the computed tomography scan era.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records were reviewed for patient demographics, inpatient versus outpatient setting, indication for IVP, physician/specialty who ordered IVP, and the need for subsequent imaging within a 30-day period in patients who underwent IVP from October 2007 to December 2011. Chi-square test was used to compare the number of additional radiologic examinations ordered within 30 days of the initial IVP across the different specialties ordering IVPs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six hundred and eighty patients underwent IVP imaging during the study period. The primary reason to order an IVP was the evaluation of urolithiasis/flank pain (50%), followed by urologic evaluation after surgery (23%). Three hundred and twenty-five patients (48%) subsequently had an additional 547 radiologic studies within 30 days of the IVP to further evaluate their condition. Of the 325 patients undergoing additional imaging studies, 36% had differing or additional diagnostic information noted that could change medical decision-making.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inferior imaging of the urologic patient by IVP leads to the acquisition of additional imaging studies to render a diagnosis. IVP has a limited clinical role, and thus, its use should be strictly limited to highly select cases.
authors.affiliation: College of Medicine, Florida State University, Orlando, FL, 32801, USA.
authors.forename: Zachary
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hale
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hanna
authors.forename: Makito
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyake
authors.forename: Charles J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Rosser
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005431:Florida; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011787:Quality of Health Care; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014567:Urography / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014570:Urologic Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D055815:Young Adult