title: Consequence of use of lower dose flat plate fluoroscopy in pediatric patients undergoing ablation for supraventricular tachycardia.
abstract: Traditional imaging for ablation of supraventricular tachycardia has been fluoroscopy, although 3-dimensional electroanatomic mapping (3D) has been demonstrated to reduce radiation exposure. This study compares a technique for the reduction of radiation, low-dose fluoroscopy (LD), with standard-dose fluoroscopy (SD) and 3D with SD (3D-SD). This was a single institutional retrospective cohort study. All patients undergoing initial ablation for atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVRT) or atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) from 2009 to 2012 were reviewed and divided into 3 groups: (1) SD, (2) 3D (CARTO or NavX) with SD, or (3) LD. LD uses the same equipment as SD but includes customized changes to the manufacturer's lowest settings by decreasing the requested dose to the detector. Primary outcomes were fluoroscopy time and dose area product exposure. One hundred eighty-one patients were included. The median age was 15.0 years (3.3-20.8); 59% had AVRT, 35% had AVNRT, and 6% had both AVRT and AVNRT. LD decreased the dose area product (DAP) compared with SD (637.0 vs 960.1 cGy*cm², p = 0.01) with no difference in fluoroscopy time. 3D-SD decreased fluoroscopy time compared with SD (9.9 vs 18.3 minutes, p <0.001) with DAP of 570.1.0 versus 960.1 cGy*cm² (p = 0.16). LD and 3D-SD had comparable DAP (637.0 vs 570.1 cGy*cm², p = 0.67), even though LD had significantly longer fluoroscopy time (19.9 vs 9.9 minutes, p <0.001). In conclusion, LD during catheter ablation of AVRT and AVNRT significantly reduced the DAP compared with SD and had similar radiation exposure compared with 3D with SD.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, The Heart Institute, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA. david.spar@gmail.com
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Spar
authors.forename: Jeffrey B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lemen
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Czosek
authors.forename: Timothy K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Knilans
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D022062:Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008297:Male; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013617:Tachycardia, Supraventricular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult