title: Oncologic reliability of nipple-sparing mastectomy for selected patients with breast cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nipple sparing mastectomy (NSM) is the current surgical alternative to conventional techniques, when mastectomy is required. This less invasive procedure safeguards the integrity of the nipple areola complex (NAC), whose removal is recognized as a factor that exacerbates the patient's feeling of mutilation, however ensuring oncological radicality for women with breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 2003 to January 2011, 77 patients underwent Nipple Sparing Mastectomy (NSM). Patients were carefully selected according to specific criteria. When requested, postoperative radiotherapy on the residual glandular tissue was performed within 6 months of surgery. Patients were on close clinical and instrumental follow-up every 4 months for 2 years and every 6 months for the remaining 3 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 77 patients who underwent NSM, 10 suffering from bilateral cancer were subjected to bilateral procedure, for a total of 87 performed procedures. Furthermore, in the same group, 13 NSMs were carried out for preventive purposes. The average diameter of resected tumors was 13.5 mm, with a range of 2 to 25 mm. During the follow-up (range 23-115 months, mean 50.33 months) 2 locoregional recurrences in the NAC were observed, identified through instrumental check, and surgically treated by NAC removal after 33 and 37 months respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to the litterature data and confirmed by our experience, we consider NSM as an oncologically safe technique that, in the respect of inclusion criteria may be performed in any patient with indication to mastectomy. A careful selection of patients by a multidisciplinary team according to strict criteria is the key in determining feasibility as well as oncological safety and should lead the general acceptance and widespread use of such surgical technique.
authors.affiliation: General and Oncologic Surgery Unit, Department of Surgical, Radiological and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Perugia, S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, S. Andrea delle Fratte, Perugia, Italy. rulli@unipg.it
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rulli
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Caracappa
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Barberini
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Boselli
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cirocchi
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Castellani
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Noya
authors.forename: Piero
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Covarelli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008408:Mastectomy; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009558:Nipples / Q000601:surgery*; D012008:Recurrence; D016896:Treatment Outcome