title: Single wall carbon nanotube induced inflammation in cruor-fibrinolysis system.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and its role in inducing inflammatory cytokines in the cruor-fibrinolysis system of rat.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty one Wistar rats were divided into four groups: 1) control; 2) low-dose SWCNT (0.15 mg/kg BW); 3) medium-dose SWCNT (0.75 mg/kg BW); 4) high-dose SWCNT (1.5 mg/kg BW). Intratracheal instillation of SWCNT suspensions was administered to rats once per day for 21 days. In order to assess the exposure effect of SWCNT to the rats, activity of Inflammatory cytokine was measured and markers of cruor-fibrinolysis system were studied via ELSIA. Also, change in clotting time was recorded and histopathology was studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IL-6 and IL-8 concentrations of rats exposed to SWCNT were significantly higher than those in controls (P<0.05). The activity of inflammatory cytokines and histopathological change indicated that oxidative damage occurred. Change in clotting time in rats exposed to SWCNT decreased compared with controls. Meanwhile, t-PA (tissue-tupe plassminogen activator) and AT-III (antithrombin-III) levels in rats exposed to particulates increased or decreased significantly compared with controls (P<0.05). A similar trend was observed for D-dimer (D2D) levels, indicating that SWCNT can impact the cruor-fibrinolysis system of rat.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results from our study suggest that an increased procoagulant activity and reduced fibrinolytic activity in rats exposed to SWCNT can cause pulmonary oxidative stress and inflammation, due to the release of pro-thrombotic and inflammatory cytokines into the blood circulation of rat.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Environmental and Food Safety Risk Monitoring Technology, Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Zhi Qing
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Ben Cheng
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Huan Liang
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Zhu Ge
authors.initials: ZG
authors.lastname: Xi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001777:Blood Coagulation; D001835:Body Weight; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D005342:Fibrinolysis; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon
keywords: Carbon nanotube; Cardiovascular system; Cruor-fibrinolysis system; Inflammatory factor