title: Activity concentrations of 224Ra, 226Ra, 228Ra and 40K radionuclides in refinery products and the additional radiation dose originated from oil residues in Turkey.
abstract: A total of 56 crude oil, refinery product, waste water, sludge and scale samples collected from three refineries were measured by gamma-ray spectrometry. Except for nine samples, all refinery product samples were found to have activity concentrations below the minimum detectable activity (MDA) values. The maximum (224)Ra, (226)Ra, (228)Ra and (40)K activity concentrations in crude oil and refinery product samples were measured as 11.7 ± 4.5, 14.9 ± 3.5, 11.6 ± 4.5, 248.5 ± 18.5 Bq kg(-1), respectively. The maximum (224)Ra, (226)Ra, (228)Ra and (40)K activity concentrations in scale, sludge and water samples were measured as 343.7 ± 11.8, 809.2 ± 29.0, 302.5 ± 21.6, 623.0 ± 80.9 Bq kg(-1), respectively. Radium equivalent activities of the residue samples were calculated up to 1241.8 ± 42.4 Bq kg(-1). The maximum activity concentration index and the alpha index were found to be 4.2 and 4.0, respectively. The annual effective doses of residue samples were calculated below the permitted dose rate for the public, i.e. 1 mSv y(-1).
authors.affiliation: Sarayköy Nuclear Research and Training Center, Istanbul Road 30 km, Saray, Ankara 06983, Turkey.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Parmaksiz
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Agus
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bulgurlu
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bulur
authors.forename: Ç
authors.initials: Ç
authors.lastname: Yildiz
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Öncü
mesh_terms: D002138:Calibration; D005720:Gamma Rays; D006801:Humans; D007220:Industrial Waste; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000517:prevention & control; D010578:Petroleum; D011197:Potassium Radioisotopes / Q000032:analysis*; D011834:Radiation Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D011835:Radiation Protection / Q000379:methods; D011868:Radioisotopes / Q000032:analysis*; D011874:Radiometry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D011883:Radium / Q000032:analysis*; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012722:Sewage; D013051:Spectrometry, Gamma / Q000379:methods; D014421:Turkey; D014875:Water Pollutants, Radioactive
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste; D010578:Petroleum; D011197:Potassium Radioisotopes; D011868:Radioisotopes; D012722:Sewage; D014875:Water Pollutants, Radioactive; D011883:Radium