title: A rapid Q-PCR titration protocol for adenovirus and helper-dependent adenovirus vectors that produces biologically relevant results.
abstract: Adenoviruses are employed in the study of cellular processes and as expression vectors used in gene therapy. The success and reproducibility of these studies is dependent in part on having accurate and meaningful titers of replication competent and helper-dependent adenovirus stocks, which is problematic due to the use of varied and divergent titration protocols. Physical titration methods, which quantify the total number of viral particles, are used by many, but are poor at estimating activity. Biological titration methods, such as plaque assays, are more biologically relevant, but are time consuming and not applicable to helper-dependent gene therapy vectors. To address this, a protocol was developed called "infectious genome titration" in which viral DNA is isolated from the nuclei of cells ~3 h post-infection, and then quantified by Q-PCR. This approach ensures that only biologically active virions are counted as part of the titer determination. This approach is rapid, robust, sensitive, reproducible, and applicable to all forms of adenovirus. Unlike other Q-PCR-based methods, titers determined by this protocol are well correlated with biological activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, 611 Young Drive, Box 157005, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1570, USA. gallaher@chem.ucla.edu
authors.forename: Sean D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Gallaher
authors.forename: Arnold J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Berk
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D000818:Animals; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005260:Female; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008819:Mice, Nude; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013048:Specimen Handling / Q000379:methods; D019562:Viral Load / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral