title: Orange juice and its major polyphenol hesperidin consumption do not induce immunomodulation in healthy well-nourished humans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Polyphenols exert a variety of biological properties, including antioxidant, immunomodulatory and antigenotoxic effects. In a randomized crossover study in healthy men, we investigated the effects of orange juice and its major polyphenolic compound hesperidin on a panel of immune cell functions, including cytokine secretion by leukocytes, lytic activity of NK cells, and the Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) burst by polymorphonuclear neutrophil cells (PMN).
  
  
  METHODS
  The protocol design was divided into three 4-week treatment periods separated by 3-week wash-out intervals, for total study duration of 18 weeks. During treatment periods, volunteers (n = 24) consumed daily 500 mL of orange juice, or an isocaloric control beverage with hesperidin (292 mg in a capsule), or of the same control beverage with a placebo.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Whatever the intake was, no variations were recorded on leukocyte subset distributions (PMN, B and T lymphocytes, NK cells and monocytes), ROS production by stimulated PMNs, lytic activity of NK cells or cytokine production capacity of leukocytes in well-nourished healthy volunteers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We show that consumption within the usual daily intake range of orange juice and its major polyphenol hesperidin do not induce immunomodulation of cell immune function in healthy well-nourished humans.
authors.affiliation: Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, UMR 1019, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, CLARA, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Perche
authors.affiliation: Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, UMR 1019, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, CLARA, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: Juliette
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vergnaud-Gauduchon
authors.affiliation: Centre de recherche INRA, UMR 1019 INRA Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand Theix, France.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Morand
authors.affiliation: CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Centre de Pharmacologie Clinique, Inserm, CIC 501, Univ Clermont 1, Faculté de Médecine, F-63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: Claude
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dubray
authors.affiliation: Centre de recherche INRA, UMR 1019 INRA Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand Theix, France.
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mazur
authors.affiliation: Centre anticancéreux Jean-Perrin, CHU, Unité de Nutrition, CLARA, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France. Electronic address: m-paule.vasson@udamail.fr.
authors.forename: Marie-Paule
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Vasson
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D001628:Beverages; D032084:Citrus sinensis / Q000737:chemistry*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006569:Hesperidin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D056747:Immunomodulation; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000378:metabolism; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D007376:Interleukin-2; D059808:Polyphenols; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D015847:Interleukin-4; D006569:Hesperidin
keywords: Anti-oxidant status; Cytokines; ECD; EGFP; Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein; FITC; Fluorescein IsothioCyanate; Leukocyte functions; NK; NK cells; Natural Killer; Oxidative response; PBMC; PC5; PE; PE-Cyanine 5; PE-Texas red; PHA; PMA; PMN; Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells; Phorbol Myristate Acetate; PhycoErythrine; PhytoHemAgglutinin; PolyMorphoNuclear neutrophil cells; ROS; Reactive Oxygen Species