title: Independent cellular effects of cold ischemia and reperfusion: experimental molecular study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is less information available on cell cultures on the exclusive effects of either duration of cold ischemia (CI) or rewarming-reperfusion in the kidney subjected to initial warm ischemia (WI). Therefore, the goals of our work were: (1) to evaluate the consequences on tubular cellular viability of different durations of CI on a kidney after an initial period of WI, and (2) to analyze the additional effect on tubular cell viability of rewarming of the same kidney.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen mini-pig were used. All the animals were performed a right nephrectomy after 45-minute occlusion of the vascular pedicle. The kidneys were then divided into 2 groups (phase 1): cold storage in university of wisconsin (UW) solution for 3 hours (group A, n = 8) at 4°C, or cold storage in UW for 12 hours (group B, n = 8) at 4°C. Four organs of group A and four organs of group B were autotrasplanted (AT) and reperfused for 1 hour (phase 2). Nephrectomy was finally done. Biopsies were taken from all groups to perform cultures of proximal tubule epithelium cells. The biopsies were subjected to studies of cellular morphological viability (contrast phase microscopy [CPM]) and quantitative (confluence cell [CC]) parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Phase of pure CI effects (phase 1): Both CC rate and CPM parameters were significantly lower in group B compared with group A, where cell activity reached almost normal results. Phase of CI + AT (phase 2): At produced additional harmful effects in cell cultures compared with those obtained in phase 1, more evident in group B cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of cold storage followed by rewarming-reperfusion induces independent and cumulative detrimental effects in viability of renal proximal tubule cells. CI periods ≤ 3 hours may ameliorate the injuries secondary to reperfusion in comparison with longer CI periods.
authors.affiliation: Urology Department, Hospítal General Universitario Gregorio Marañón.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lledó-García
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Humanes-Sánchez
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mojena-Sánchez
authors.forename: J C J
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Rodrígez
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hernández-Fernández
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tejedor-Jorge
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Fernández
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015424:Reperfusion; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D013552:Swine; D013556:Swine, Miniature