title: Association of racial disparities in the prevalence of insulin resistance with racial disparities in vitamin D levels: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2001-2006).
abstract: We tested the hypothesis that racial differences in vitamin D levels are associated with racial disparities in insulin resistance between blacks and whites. Among 3628 non-Hispanic black and white adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2001 to 2006, we examined the association between race and insulin resistance using the homeostasis assessment model for insulin resistance. We conducted analyses with and without serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D). We adjusted for age, sex, educational level, body mass index, waist circumference, physical activity, alcohol intake, smoking, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and urinary albumin/creatinine ratio. Blacks had a lower mean serum 25(OH)D level compared with whites (14.6 [0.3] ng/mL vs 25.6 [0.4] ng/mL, respectively; P < .0001). Blacks had a higher odds ratio (OR) for insulin resistance without controlling for serum 25(OH)D levels (OR, 1.67; 95% confidence interval, 1.26-2.20). The association was not significant (OR, 1.28; 95% confidence interval, 0.90-1.82) after accounting for serum 25(OH)D levels. The higher burden of insulin resistance in blacks compared with whites may be partially mediated by the disparity in serum 25(OH)D levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Center for Integrative Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York City, NY 10065, USA. stephen.williams@nyumc.org
authors.forename: Stephen K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fiscella
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Winters
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.forename: Gbenga
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ogedegbe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D057566:Self Report; D014481:United States; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000097:blood*; D055105:Waist Circumference; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D