title: Behavioural stimulation and sensation-seeking among prisoners: applications to substance dependency.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sensation-seeking among prisoners with substance dependence difficulties (drug and/or alcohol) was examined. This topic is under-researched in a prisoner sample.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aims are to examine the association between sensation-seeking, other personality variables, and substance dependency among prisoners, and to examine if sensation-seeking can be refined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult male prisoners (n=200) completed self-report measures examining the constructs of interest.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sensation-seeking comprised extraversion and openness to experience. It was more appropriately described as Behavioural-Stimulation-and-Sensation-Seeking (BStim-SS). BStim-SS is related to drug and poly-substance dependency but not alcohol-only dependency. Increased impulsivity was related to all substance use dependencies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BStim-SS presents as a valuable concept to apply to forensic populations. It captures the need for behavioural and emotional stimulation and lends support to Reward Discounting theory as valuable concept to apply across substance dependency. Implications for practise include: • A need to identify a broader concept of sensation-seeking for prisoner samples; • The recognition of differences within substance dependent samples, with impulsivity presenting differently across drug and/or alcohol dependent groups; • Recognition that concepts regularly applied to community samples need to be examined more specifically among forensic samples to ascertain validity.
authors.affiliation: Ashworth Research Centre (ARC), Mersey Care NHS Trust and University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, UK. JLIreland1@uclan.ac.uk
authors.forename: Jane L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Ireland
authors.forename: Pauline
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Higgins
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005120:Extraversion, Psychological; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008960:Models, Psychological; D010551:Personality; D010555:Personality Inventory; D011329:Prisoners / Q000523:psychology*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011581:Psychological Tests; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology*