title: Heterogeneity in subcutaneous adipose tissue morphology and metabolic complications in overweight and obese women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess morphological features of intact adipose tissue (AT) ex vivo from both subcutaneous (s.c.) abdominal and gluteal areas using a novel approach of multiphoton autofluorescence microscopy (MPAM) combined with second harmonic generation microscopy (SHGM), and to assess the relationship between morphological features in the two AT sites and insulin resistance to peripheral glucose disposal.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was a cross-sectional evaluation of AT morphology feature and peripheral insulin resistance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen overweight/obese premenopausal women underwent body composition studies, hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps, and needle biopsy of both the s.c. abdominal and gluteal AT areas. MPAM combined with SHGM was used to measure adipocyte maximal diameter and collagen fiber bundle thickness within a sampled image volume after three-dimensional visualization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Higher body mass index (BMI) was associated with larger adipocyte diameter in s.c. abdominal, but not gluteal, AT. Higher adipocyte diameter was associated with higher pericellular collagen thickness. Adipocyte diameter in s.c. abdominal, but not gluteal, AT was associated positively with leptin and negatively with adiponectin plasma levels and peripheral glucose disposal rate. The latter correlation was no longer significant after adjustment for collagen thickness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In overweight/obese premenopausal women, larger adipocyte diameter in s.c. abdominal, but not gluteal, AT associates with low plasma adiponectin and systemic insulin resistance, and suggests that increased collagen thickness (obesity-related scarring) could contribute to these findings.
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Gracie
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vargas
authors.forename: Manisha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chandalia
authors.forename: Yongquan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Himara
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Davila
authors.forename: Massoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Motamedi
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Abate
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D048429:Cell Size; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D015309:Glucose Clamp Technique; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D036641:Microscopy, Fluorescence, Multiphoton; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D050177:Overweight / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D050151:Subcutaneous Fat / Q000473:pathology*; D050507:Subcutaneous Fat, Abdominal / Q000473:pathology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C499918:ADIPOQ protein, human; D052242:Adiponectin; D020738:Leptin