title: Carbon nanofibers with radially grown graphene sheets derived from electrospinning for aqueous supercapacitors with high working voltage and energy density.
abstract: Improvement of energy density is an urgent task for developing advanced supercapacitors. In this paper, aqueous supercapacitors with high voltage of 1.8 V and energy density of 29.1 W h kg(-1) were fabricated based on carbon nanofibers (CNFs) and Na2SO4 electrolyte. The CNFs with radially grown graphene sheets (GSs) and small average diameter down to 11 nm were prepared by electrospinning and carbonization in NH3. The radially grown GSs contain between 1 and a few atomic layers with their edges exposed on the surface. The CNFs are doped with nitrogen and oxygen with different concentrations depending on the carbonizing temperature. The supercapacitors exhibit excellent cycling performance with the capacity retention over 93.7% after 5000 charging-discharging cycles. The unique structure, possessing radially grown GSs, small diameter, and heteroatom doping of the CNFs, and application of neutral electrolyte account for the high voltage and energy density of the present supercapacitors. The present supercapacitors are of high promise for practical application due to the high energy density and the advantages of neutral electrolyte including low cost, safety, low corrosivity, and convenient assembly in air.
authors.affiliation: Shenzhen Engineering Lab of Flexible Transparent Conductive Films, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Department Material Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, University Town, Shenzhen 518055, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Yejun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Xianyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Chenglong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Xuedong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Bai
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000737:chemistry; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D004573:Electrolytes / Q000737:chemistry; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry*; D057139:Nanofibers / Q000737:chemistry*; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000737:chemistry; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry; D013696:Temperature; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004573:Electrolytes; D014867:Water; D002244:Carbon; D000641:Ammonia; D006108:Graphite; D009584:Nitrogen; D010100:Oxygen