title: Effects of equine bone marrow aspirate volume on isolation, proliferation, and differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) yield and chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation from 5- and 50-mL bone marrow aspirates from horses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six 2- to 5-year-old mixed-breed horses. Procedures-2 sequential 5-mL aspirates were drawn from 1 ilium or sternebra. A single 50-mL aspirate was drawn from the contralateral ilium, and 2 sequential 50-mL aspirates were drawn from a second sternebra. The MSC yield was determined through the culture expansion process. Chondrogenesis and osteogenesis were evaluated by means of conventional laboratory methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The second of the 2 sequential 50-mL sternal aspirates yielded few to no MSCs. Independent of location, the highest density of MSCs was in the first of the 2 sequential 5-mL fractions, although with subsequent culture expansion, the overall yield was not significantly different between the first 5-mL and first 50-mL fractions. Independent of location, chondrogenesis and osteogenesis were not significantly different among fractions. Independent of fraction, the overall cell yield and chondrogenesis from the ilium were significantly higher than that from the sternum.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study failed to detect an additional benefit of 50-mL aspirates over 5-mL aspirates for culture-expanding MSCs for equine clinical applications. Chondrogenesis was highest for MSCs from ilial aspirates, although it is not known whether chondrogenesis is indicative of activation of other proposed pathways by which MSCs heal tissues.
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic Research Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Kisiday
authors.forename: Laurie R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Goodrich
authors.forename: C Wayne
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: McIlwraith
authors.forename: David D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Frisbie
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006736:Horses; D007085:Ilium; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D013249:Sternum