title: Chikungunya-related arthritis: case report and review of the literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chikungunya fever often presents with severe arthritis/arthralgias, high fever, myalgias, headache, and maculopapular rash (Chow et al., 2011 [1]; Das et al., 2010 [2]; Mizuno et al., 2011 [3]; Powers, 2010 [4]; Sissoko et al., 2010 [5]; Staples et al., 2009 [6]). Persistent arthritis/arthralgias commonly develop after symptomatic infection and are the most common long-term complication (Chow et al., 2011 [1]; Powers, 2010 [4]; Sissoko et al., 2010 [5]; Staples et al., 2009 [6]). The small joints are most often affected in a symmetric pattern that can mimic adult rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (Mizuno et al., 2011 [3]; Bouquillard and Combe, 2009 [7]; Chabbra et al., 2008 [8]; Jaffar-Bandjee et al., 2009 [9]; Simon et al., 2007 [10]).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We present a case of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV)-induced arthritis and review the literature surrounding Chikungunya-induced arthritis/arthralgias and associated musculoskeletal (MSK) manifestations.
  
  
  METHODS
  A Medline search was completed from 1946--November 2011. Key words included Chikungunya virus and arthritis. A PubMed search was completed from 1996--November 2011. Search terms included Chikungunya virus, etiology, and fever. Searches were limited to humans and English language publications. Additional relevant articles were obtained from the reference lists.
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Heather E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Waymouth
authors.forename: Dick E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Zoutman
authors.forename: Tanveer E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Towheed
mesh_terms: D018354:Alphavirus Infections / Q000150:complications*; D001168:Arthritis / Q000821:virology*; D065632:Chikungunya Fever; D002646:Chikungunya virus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Arthralgia; Arthritis; Chikungunya; Virus