title: [Nutrigenomics--bioactive dietary components].
abstract: Nutrigenomics analyzes relations between diet and genes, and identifies mechanisms in which food and nutrition affect health and lifestyles and noncommunicable diseases (R. Chadwick, 2004). Bioactive dietary components are signal molecules that carry information from the external environment and affect in terms of quantity and quality in the process of gene expression. The biological effect of bioactive dietary components depends on various of physiological processes that can occur within a few genes. Polymorphism of genes can change their function and physiological response of the body for nutrients. Bioactive dietary components work on at least two levels of the expression of genes as factors regulating chromatin structure and as factors directly regulate the activity of nuclear receptors. The processes of synthesis and DNA repair are regulated by some of vitamins, macro-and micro-elements. They provide, among others, cofactors of enzymes that catalyze the replication of DNA methylation and its repair. DNA methylation profile may change under the influence of diet, single nucleotide polymorphisms and environmental factors. Bioactive dietary components may directly affect the process of gene expression by acting as ligands for nuclear receptors. Sensitive to dietary group of nuclear receptors are sensory receptors. This group includes, among others receptor PPAR (peroxisome proliferator activated), responsible for energy metabolism and receptors LXR (liver X receptor), FXR (farnesoid X receptor) and RXR, which is responsible for the metabolism of cholesterol.
authors.affiliation: Katedra i Oddział Kliniczny Chorób Wewnętrznych, Wydział Zdrowia Publicznego, Śląski Uniwersytet Medyczny w Katowicach, Bytom, Poland. m.getek@gmail.com
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gętek
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Czech
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fizia
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Białek-Dratwa
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muc-Wierzgoń
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kokot
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nowakowska-Zajdel
mesh_terms: D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D019175:DNA Methylation / Q000502:physiology; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000502:physiology; D004032:Diet; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D000071518:Liver X Receptors; D054647:Nutrigenomics; D057093:Orphan Nuclear Receptors / Q000378:metabolism; D047492:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors / Q000378:metabolism; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000378:metabolism; D047488:Retinoid X Receptors / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D000071518:Liver X Receptors; D057093:Orphan Nuclear Receptors; D047492:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D047488:Retinoid X Receptors