title: Polycystic ovarian syndrome.
abstract: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a "multispeciality" disorder suspected in patients with irregular menses and clinical signs of hyperandrogenism such as acne, seborrhoea, hirsutism, irregular menses, infertility, and alopecia. Recently, PCOS has been associated with the metabolic syndrome. Patients may develop obesity, insulin resistance, acanthosis nigricans, Type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemias, hypertension, non-alcoholic liver disease, and obstructive sleep apnoea. Good clinical examination with hematological and radiological investigations is required for clinical evaluation. Management is a combined effort involving a dermatologist, endocrinologist, gynecologist, and nutritionist. Morbidity in addition includes a low "self image" and poor quality of life. Long term medications and lifestyle changes are essential for a successful outcome. This article focuses on understanding the normal and abnormal endocrine functions involved in the pathogenesis of PCOS. Proper diagnosis and management of the patient is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, P D Hinduja National Hospital, Mahim, Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Madnani
authors.forename: Kaleem
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Phulrenu
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chauhan
authors.forename: Girish
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Parmar
mesh_terms: D000505:Alopecia / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017588:Hyperandrogenism / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D011085:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy