title: Low diversity of Leishmania parasites in sandflies and the absence of the great gerbil in foci of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Fars province, southern Iran.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fars province lies to the south of the main foci of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) caused by Leishmania major in central and northern Iran, and its ZCL foci might have emerged more recently because of different transmission cycles. However, there have been limited studies of the parasites infecting the regional sandfly vectors.
  
  
  METHODS
  The diversities of sandflies and the Leishmania parasites infecting female sandflies were assessed for different habitats in Fars ZCL foci, 2008-2009, using standardized sandfly trapping and characterization of ribosomal DNA haplotypes of parasites.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Vector diversity was similar to that in the main Iran ZCL foci, but parasite diversity was lower. Only Le. major was detected in Fars sandflies. Most infections were found in the abundant vector Phlebotomus papatasi collected in rodent burrows. Infections were detected for the first time in Iran in the related P. bergeroti.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The failure to detect other gerbil parasites (Le. turanica, Le. gerbilli) is explained by the absence of one reservoir host, the great gerbil Rhombomys opimus. Other gerbils (Meriones species) may be the regional reservoir hosts, but transmission modelling is required for a better understanding of the emergence and stability of ZCL foci in Fars and other Iranian provinces.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Systematics Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Parvizi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Alaeenovin
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Kazerooni
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Ready
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016054:DNA, Protozoan / Q000235:genetics; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000032:analysis; D004197:Disease Reservoirs / Q000469:parasitology; D005260:Female; D005849:Gerbillinae / Q000469:parasitology*; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000469:parasitology; D007492:Iran; D007891:Leishmania / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D016773:Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000662:veterinary; D010691:Phlebotomus / Q000469:parasitology; D011576:Psychodidae / Q000235:genetics / Q000469:parasitology*; D012376:Rodent Diseases / Q000469:parasitology; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D016054:DNA, Protozoan; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal
keywords: Leishmania major; Nuclear rDNA haplotypes; Phlebotomus bergeroti; Phlebotomus papatasi; Southern Iran; Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis emergence