title: Development of amyloid burden in African Green monkeys.
abstract: The vervet is an old world monkey increasingly being used as a model for human diseases. In addition to plaques and tangles, an additional hallmark of Alzheimer's disease is damage to neurons that synthesize noradrenaline (NA). We characterized amyloid burden in the posterior temporal lobe of young and aged vervets, and compared that with changes in NA levels and astrocyte activation. Total amyloid beta (Aβ)40 and Aβ42 levels were increased in the aged group, as were numbers of amyloid plaques detected using antibody 6E10. Low levels of Aβ42 were detected in 1 of 5 younger animals, although diffusely stained plaques were observed in 4 of these. Increased glial fibrillary acidic protein staining and messenger RNA levels were significantly correlated with increased age, as were cortical NA levels. Levels of Aβ42 and Aβ40, and the number of 6E10-positive plaques, were correlated with NA levels. Interestingly messenger RNA levels of glial derived neurotrophic factor, important for noradrenergic neuronal survival, were reduced with age. These findings suggest that amyloid pathology in aged vervets is associated with astrocyte activation and higher NA levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Sergey
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kalinin
authors.forename: Stephanie L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Willard
authors.forename: Carol A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Shively
authors.forename: Jay R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.forename: Thomas C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Register
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Jorgensen
authors.forename: Paul E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Polak
authors.forename: Israel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rubinstein
authors.forename: Douglas L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Feinstein
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000378:metabolism; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000378:metabolism; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000378:metabolism*; D058225:Plaque, Amyloid / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C078592:amyloid beta-protein (1-40); C075222:amyloid beta-protein (1-42); D009638:Norepinephrine
keywords: African Green monkey; Alzheimer's disease; Amyloid; Noradrenaline; Vervet