title: Survey on lower urinary tract symptoms and sleep disorders in patients treated at urology departments.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined the association between sleep disorders and lower urinary tract symptoms in patients who had visited urology departments.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was an independent cross-sectional, observational study. Outpatients who had visited the urology departments at the Kinki University School of Medicine or the Sakai Hospital, Kinki University School of Medicine, between August 2011 and January 2012 were assessed using the Athens Insomnia Scale and the International Prostate Symptom Score.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 1174 patients (mean age, 65.7 ± 13.7 years), with 895 men (67.1 ± 13.2 years old) and 279 women (61.4 ± 14.6 years old), were included in the study. Approximately half of these patients were suspected of having a sleep disorder. With regard to the International Prostate Symptom Score subscores, a significant increase in the risk for suspected sleep disorders was observed among patients with a post-micturition symptom (the feeling of incomplete emptying) subscore of ≥1 (a 2.3-fold increase), a storage symptom (daytime frequency + urgency + nocturia) subscore of ≥5 (a 2.7-fold increase), a voiding symptom (intermittency + slow stream + hesitancy) subscore of ≥2 (a 2.6-fold increase), and a nocturia subscore of ≥2 (a 1.9-fold increase).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results demonstrated that the risk factors for sleep disorders could also include voiding, post-micturition, and storage symptoms, in addition to nocturia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobutaka
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Yasuharu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nagai
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Takafumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Minami
authors.forename: Taiji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Hidenori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsuji
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nozawa
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.forename: Tokumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.forename: Hirotsugu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Uemura
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oki
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugimoto
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nose
authors.forename: Tsukasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishioka
keywords: lower urinary tract symptoms; sleep disturbance; urological disease