title: Clinical and histopathologic differential diagnosis of venous malformation of the uterine cervix.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Venous malformations of the uterine cervix are extremely rare. Most lesions are asymptomatic and incidental, but sometimes, they may present with abnormal and/or intractable vaginal bleeding. The study aimed to describe a case of venous malformation of the uterine cervix and discuss the clinical and histopathologic differential diagnosis of this entity.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 50-year-old woman attended to the gynecology clinic for postcoital spotting and postmenopausal bleeding. Gynecologic examination revealed polypoid, lobulated, bluish, vascular nodular lesions 4 to 1 cm in size surrounding the cervical introitus. The lesions were completely excised via loop electrosurgical excision procedure method. Pathologic diagnosis revealed venous malformations of the uterine cervix.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Venous malformations of the uterine cervix should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with cervical mass and vaginal bleeding. Pathologic examination is necessary in such a case to exclude the possibility of malignant vascular tumor or cervical neoplasm.
authors.affiliation: Departments of 1Obstetrics and Gynecology and 2Pathology, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University School of Medicine; 3Dermatology Clinic, Rize State Hospital; and 4Department of Histology and Embryology, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University School of Medicine, Rize, Turkey.
authors.forename: Isik
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ustuner
authors.forename: Recep
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bedir
authors.forename: Pelin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ustuner
authors.forename: Pelin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bagci
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gucer
authors.forename: İbrahim
authors.initials: İ
authors.lastname: Sehitoglu
authors.forename: Ozgur
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Fedakar
authors.forename: Seda Guvendag
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Guven
mesh_terms: D001165:Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006651:Histocytochemistry; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis; D014592:Uterine Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology