title: Cross-sectional associations of total sitting and leisure screen time with cardiometabolic risk in adults. Results from the HUNT Study, Norway.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine associations of total sitting time, TV-viewing and leisure-time computer use with cardiometabolic risk biomarkers in adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Population based cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Waist circumference, BMI, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, blood pressure, non-fasting glucose, gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) and triglycerides were measured in 48,882 adults aged 20 years or older from the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study 2006-2008 (HUNT3). Adjusted multiple regression models were used to test for associations between these biomarkers and self-reported total sitting time, TV-viewing and leisure-time computer use in the whole sample and by cardiometabolic disease status sub-groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the whole sample, reporting total sitting time ≥10 h/day was associated with poorer BMI, waist circumference, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, non-fasting glucose, GGT and triglyceride levels compared to those reporting total sitting time <4h/day (all p<0.05). TV-viewing ≥4 h/day was associated with poorer BMI, waist circumference, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, GGT and triglycerides compared to TV-viewing <1h/day (all p<0.05). Leisure-time computer use ≥1 h/day was associated with poorer BMI, total cholesterol, diastolic blood pressure, GGT and triglycerides compared with those reporting no leisure-time computing. Sub-group analyses by cardiometabolic disease status showed similar patterns in participants free of cardiometabolic disease, while similar albeit non-significant patterns were observed in those with cardiometabolic disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Total sitting time, TV-viewing and leisure-time computer use are associated with poorer cardiometabolic risk profiles in adults. Reducing sedentary behaviour throughout the day and limiting TV-viewing and leisure-time computer use may have health benefits.
authors.affiliation: Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Australia. Electronic address: josephine.chau@sydney.edu.au.
authors.forename: Josephine Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Chau
authors.affiliation: Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grunseit
authors.affiliation: HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway.
authors.forename: Kristian
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Midthjell
authors.affiliation: HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway.
authors.forename: Jostein
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Holmen
authors.affiliation: HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway.
authors.forename: Turid L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Holmen
authors.affiliation: Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Adrian E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Bauman
authors.affiliation: Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Public and Occupational Health, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Hidde P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: van der Ploeg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007899:Leisure Activities; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009664:Norway / Q000453:epidemiology; D018570:Risk Assessment; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D013685:Telecommunications / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: BMI; CMD; Cardiovascular diseases; Epidemiology; GGT; HDL; HUNT; Nord-Trøndelag Health Study, Norway (HelseUndersøkelsen i Nord-Trøndelag); Physical activity; Sedentary lifestyle; WC; body mass index; cardiometabolic disease; gamma glutamyltransferase; high density lipoprotein; waist circumference