title: A survey on the occurrence of citrinin in feeds and their ingredients in Russia.
abstract: More than 1700 samples of forage grain, sunflower and soy-bean oil-seed meal and cakes, gluten, and compounded feeds were analyzed for citrinin by indirect ELISA with a minimum detectable level of 10 ppb. Out of 829 compounded feeds (rations and concentrates) 8.8 per cent samples were positive and the amount of citrinin ranged between 12 and 182 ppb. Only 4.5% of wheat and 3.6% of barley contained citrinin at 50-998 ppb. 1.9% of maize grain samples were positive at levels of 218-953 ppb. Among the other ingredients the highest incidence (28.9%) at the levels of 14-397 ppb was found for sunflower oil-seed meal and cakes. Three positive cases of 148 processed soy-bean samples contained citrinin in a range of 14-30 ppb.
authors.affiliation: All-Russian Research Institute for Veterinary Sanitation, Hygiene and Ecology, Zvenigorodskoe shosse 5, 123022, Moscow, Russia, kononenkogp@mail.ru.
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Kononenko
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Burkin