title: Inflammation, autophagy, and obesity: common features in the pathogenesis of pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer.
abstract: Inflammation and autophagy are cellular defense mechanisms. When these processes are deregulated (deficient or overactivated) they produce pathologic effects, such as oxidative stress, metabolic impairments, and cell death. Unresolved inflammation and disrupted regulation of autophagy are common features of pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, obesity, a risk factor for pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer, promotes inflammation and inhibits or deregulates autophagy, creating an environment that facilitates the induction and progression of pancreatic diseases. However, little is known about how inflammation, autophagy, and obesity interact to promote exocrine pancreatic disorders. We review the roles of inflammation and autophagy, and their deregulation by obesity, in pancreatic diseases. We discuss the connections among disordered pathways and important areas for future research.
authors.affiliation: Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, California, USA.
authors.forename: Ilya
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gukovsky
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jelena
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Todoric
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gukovskaya
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001343:Autophagy; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010179:Pancreas / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D018836:Inflammation Mediators