title: Interaction between endogenous bacterial flora and latent HIV infection.
abstract: Human commensal bacteria do not normally cause any diseases. However, in certain pathological conditions, they exhibit a number of curious behaviors. In HIV infection, these bacteria exhibit bidirectional relationships: whereas they cause opportunistic infections based on immunological deterioration, they also augment HIV replication, in particular, viral replication from latently infected cells, which is attributable to the effect of butyric acid produced by certain anaerobic bacteria by modifying the state of chromatin. Here, we review recent evidence supporting the contributory role of such endogenous microbes in disrupting HIV latency and its potential link to the clinical progression of AIDS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School for Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Ann Florence B
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Victoriano
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Imai
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okamoto
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000453:epidemiology; D001419:Bacteria / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000453:epidemiology; D006678:HIV / Q000254:growth & development*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D056265:Microbial Interactions; D064307:Microbiota