title: Natural killer KIR3DS1 is closely associated with HCV viral clearance and sustained virological response in HIV/HCV patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the influence of the presence of the killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) 3DS1 on HCV treatment response in HIV/HCV genotype 1 co-infected patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  HIV/HCV co-infected patients were included. KIR3DS1, their specific HLA-B ligands and IL28B gene were genotyped. Reductions of plasma HCV RNA levels between baseline and week 1, week 2 and week 4 were analyzed for IL28B genotype and KIR3DS1 (HLA Bw4 or Bw6). Rapid and sustained virological response (RVR and SVR) rates were also analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty HIV/HCV genotype 1 co-infected patients were included. Patients with KIR3DS1 and Bw4 had higher rates of HCV viral decline than those who were not carriers of KIR3DS1 (week 1: p = 0.01; week 2: p = 0.038; week 4: p = 0.03). Patients carrying KIR3DS1/Bw4 had higher rates of RVR and SVR than those who did not carry KIR3DS1 (RVR: 46.15% versus 17.02%, p = 0.012; SVR: 63.6% versus 13 26.5%, p = 0.031). With respect to patients carrying the IL28B-CC genotype, those with KIR3DS1/Bw4 had greater rates of HCV viral clearance (week 1: p<0.001; week 2: p = 0.01; week 4: p = 0.02), RVR (p = 0.015) and SVR (p = 0.029) than those not carrying KIR3DS1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results show that the KIR3DS1 genotype has a positive effect on HCV viral clearance during the first weeks of Peg-IFN/RBV treatment in HCV/HCV co-infected patients bearing genotype 1, and higher RVR and SVR rates.
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Unit, Instituto Maimonides de Investigacion Biomedica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Cordoba, Spain.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rivero-Juarez
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Camacho
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Manzanares-Martin
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Caruz
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martinez-Peinado
authors.forename: Julian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Torre-Cisneros
authors.forename: Juan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Pineda
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Peña
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rivero
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D060085:Coinfection; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000378:metabolism*; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D054349:Receptors, KIR3DS1 / Q000235:genetics*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D054349:Receptors, KIR3DS1