title: Risk of postoperative venous thromboembolism after minimally invasive surgery for endometrial and cervical cancer is low: a multi-institutional study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the 30-day prevalence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) after minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for endometrial (EC) and cervical cancers (CC).
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective cohort study at two large tertiary care centers between 2006 and 2011. Patients having MIS for EC or CC were included. Cases converted to laparotomy were excluded. The primary outcome measure was clinically diagnosed VTE within 30 days of operation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 558 patients, 90% had EC and 10% had CC. Modalities of hysterectomy included robotic (88%), vaginal (9%), and laparoscopic (3%). A total of 66% had pelvic and 35% had paraaortic lymphadenectomy. The VTE prophylaxes were sequential compression devices (100%) and heparin (39%). There were no VTE events during hospital stay (95% CI, 0.0%-0.7%). The 30-day prevalence of VTE was (0.5%; 95% CI, 0.1%-1.6%). The hitherto recommended risk criteria for giving extended 30-day thromboprophylaxis by the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecologists (ACOG) or by the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) did not predict risk of VTE in our population.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of VTE in EC and CC undergoing MIS is very low. The existing 30-day risk prediction models proposed by the ACOG and ASCO stem from open surgery patients and do not appear to apply to MIS patients. Certainly, we found no evidence supporting the use of extended prophylactic heparin in this setting. Further research is urgently needed to define the role of any duration of thromboprophylaxis in MIS patients with endometrial or cervix cancer.
authors.affiliation: Section of Gynecologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905,USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Al-Wahab
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sarangi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Woelk
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Munkarah
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Dowdy
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mariani
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cliby
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D013509:Gynecologic Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000601:surgery*; D054556:Venous Thromboembolism / Q000209:etiology*