title: Development of a quick and simple detection methodology for foot-and-mouth disease virus serotypes O, A and Asia 1 using a generic RapidAssay Device.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Outbreaks of Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) have resulted in tremendous economic losses. Thus, the development of a rapid and easily performed test for FMD detection is important for controlling a FMD outbreak and containing its spread. The purpose of this project is to develop a lateral flow immunochromatographic (LFI) strip test for rapid detection of FMD virus serotypes O, A and Asia 1.
  
  
  METHODS
  Specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against each serotype were produced and used as the capture mAbs. A serotype independent mAb was selected and used as the detection mAb with the aim of subsequently developing a multi-serotype strip test. A new generation of the generic RapidAssay Device (gRAD) was used for the test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Each strip test can specifically detect the FMDV O, A or Asia 1 viruses, but not other vesicular disease viruses. The LFI strip tests for serotypes A and Asia 1 were able to identify all tested serotype A (n= 39) and Asia 1 field isolates (n=17). Whereas the test for serotype O detected 45 out of 46 field isolates. The sensitivity of this strip test was comparable with the double antibody sandwich ELISA for viral antigen detection. All vesicular fluid and epithelium samples collected from experimentally infected animals with serotype O, A and Asia 1 were identified as positive by the LFI strip test. Swab samples (n=11) collected over the lesion area from experimentally inoculated animals (serotype A) were examined. All of them demonstrated positive results using the LFI serotype A strip test and double antibody sandwich (DAS) ELISA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ability of strip tests to produce rapid results and high specificity makes it a valuable tool for early detection of FMDV O, A and Asia 1 in the field.
authors.affiliation: National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3M4, Canada. Ming.Yang@inspection.gc.ca
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goolia
authors.forename: Wanhong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Hilary
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bittner
authors.forename: Alfonso
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Clavijo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D002846:Chromatography, Affinity / Q000379:methods*; D019411:Clinical Laboratory Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005536:Foot-and-Mouth Disease / Q000175:diagnosis*; D029544:Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011487:Protein Conformation; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013997:Time Factors; D014730:Veterinary Medicine / Q000379:methods*; D014773:Virology / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D000956:Antigens, Viral; D012367:RNA, Viral