title: Correlating metal poisoning with zeolite deactivation in an individual catalyst particle by chemical and phase-sensitive X-ray microscopy.
abstract: Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) is the main conversion process used in oil refineries. An X-ray microscopy method is used to show that metal poisoning and related structural changes in the zeolite active material lead to a non-uniform core–shell deactivation of FCC catalyst particles. The study links the detrimental effect of V and Ni poisoning with zeolite destruction and dealumination in a spatial manner within a single FCC catalyst particle.
authors.affiliation: Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitslaan 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Martínez
authors.forename: Andrew M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Beale
authors.forename: Upakul
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Deka
authors.forename: Mathew G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.forename: Paul D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Quinn
authors.forename: J Fred W
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Mosselmans
authors.forename: Bert M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Weckhuysen