title: Effect of preterm birth and birth weight on eating behavior at 2 y of age.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Preterm infants frequently present eating difficulties in early childhood. Determinants of these difficulties are not known.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We assessed the influence of neonatal and maternal characteristics on eating behaviors at 2 y of age.
  
  
  METHODS
  The following 2 cohorts were compared: 234 preterm children born <33 wk of gestational age from the POLYmorphisme génétique, Nutrition et Comportement Alimentaire cohort and 245 term children from the Observation des Préférences ALImentaires du Nourrisson et de l'Enfant cohort. Eating behaviors were assessed by using the validated Children's Eating Difficulties Questionnaire, which assesses the following 2 dimensions: a low drive to eat and narrow food repertoire. Each dimension was graded from 2 to 10 with more severe difficulties reflected by a higher score. Children in the upper quintile were classified as having eating disorders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with term children, preterm children had a worse drive-to-eat score (4.3 ± 1.6 compared with 3.6 ± 1.5, respectively; P = 0.001) and a marginally lower food-repertoire score (5.0 ± 1.5 compared with 4.8 ± 1.6, respectively; P = 0.05). In a multilevel logistic regression model, female sex [adjusted OR (aOR): 1.76; 95% CI: 1.08, 2.88; P = 0.025] and birth weight less than -1 z score (aOR: 2.88; 95% CI: 1.47, 5.67; P = 0.002) but not gestational age were associated with a worse drive to eat. A maternal level of education beyond high school was associated with lower risk of a poor food-repertoire score (aOR: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.32, 0.90; P = 0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preterm children have more eating difficulties than term children do, but after adjustment for maternal and neonatal characteristics, gestational age is not associated with impaired eating behaviors at the age of 2 y. Female sex, a low maternal level of education, and less than -1 SD intrauterine growth are associated with eating difficulties at 2 y of age. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT 00663572.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire of Nantes, Nantes, France. audrey.migraine@chu-nantes.fr
authors.forename: Audrey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Migraine
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nicklaus
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Parnet
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lange
authors.forename: Sandrine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Monnery-Patris
authors.forename: Clotilde
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Des Robert
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Darmaun
authors.forename: Cyril
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Flamant
authors.forename: Valerie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Amarger
authors.forename: Jean-Christophe
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Rozé
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001724:Birth Weight; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004522:Educational Status; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D055361:Multilevel Analysis; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011247:Pregnancy; D047928:Premature Birth; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires