title: Configurational assignments of conformationally restricted bis-monoterpene hydroquinones: utility in exploration of endangered plants.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endangered plant species are an important resource for new chemistry. Lindera melissifolia is native to the Southeastern U.S. and scarcely populates the edges of lakes and ponds. Quantum mechanics (QM) used in combination with NMR/ECD is a powerful tool for the assignment of absolute configuration in lieu of X-ray crystallography.
  
  
  METHODS
  The EtOAc extract of L. melissifolia was subject to chromatographic analysis by VLC and HPLC. Spin-spin coupling constant (SSCC) were calculated using DFT at the MPW1PW91/6-31G(d,p) level for all staggered rotamers. ECD calculations employed Amber* force fields followed by PM6 semi-empirical optimizations. Hetero- and homo-nuclear coupling constants were extracted from 1D (1)H, E.COSY and HETLOC experiments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two meroterpenoids, melissifolianes A (1) and B (2) were purified and their 2-D structures elucidated using NMR and HRESIMS. The relative configuration of 1 was established using the combination of NOE-based distance restraints and the comparisons of experimental and calculated SSCCs. The comparison of calculated and experimental ECD assigned the absolute configuration of 1. The relative configuration of a racemic mixture, melissifoliane B (2) was established utilizing J-based analysis combined with QM and NMR techniques.Conclusion Our study of the Lindera melissifolia metabolome exemplifies how new chemistry remains undiscovered among the numerous endangered plant species and demonstrates how analysis by ECD and NMR combined with various QM calculations is a sensible approach to support the stereochemical assignment of molecules with conformationally restricted conformations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  QM-NMR/ECD combined approaches are of utility for unambiguous assignment of 3-D structures, especially with limited plant material and when a molecule is conformationally restricted. Conservation of an endangered plant species can be supported through identification of its new chemistry and utilization of that chemistry for commercial purposes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
authors.forename: Joonseok
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: John J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Bowling
authors.forename: Yike
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.forename: Amar G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Chittiboyina
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Doerksen
authors.forename: Daneel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Theodor D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Leininger
authors.forename: Mark T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Hamann
mesh_terms: D002942:Circular Dichroism; D056727:Endangered Species; D006873:Hydroquinones / Q000737:chemistry*; D027443:Lindera / Q000737:chemistry*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D006873:Hydroquinones; D039821:Monoterpenes