title: Anti-epileptogenic and antioxidant effect of Lavandula officinalis aerial part extract against pentylenetetrazol-induced kindling in male mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Repeated application of Lavandula officinalis (L. officinalis) has been recommended for a long time in Iranian traditional medicine for some of nervous disorders like epilepsy and dementia. However, there is no available report for the effect of chronic administration of Lavandula extract in development (acquisition) of epilepsy. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the anti-epileptogenic and antioxidant activity of repeated administration of Lavandula officinalis extract on pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) kindling seizures in mice model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Lavandula officinalis was tested for its ability (i) to suppress the seizure intensity and lethal effects of PTZ in kindled mice (anti-epileptogenic effect), (ii) to attenuate the PTZ-induced oxidative injury in the brain tissue (antioxidant effect) when given as a pretreatment prior to each PTZ injection during kindling development. Valproate (Val), a major antiepileptic drug, was also tested for comparison.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Val and Lavandula officinalis extract showed anti-epileptogenic properties as they reduced seizure score of kindled mice and PTZ-induced mortality. In this regard, Lavandula officinalis was more effective than Val. Both Lavandula officinalis and Val suppressed brain nitric oxide (NO) level of kindled mice in comparison with the control and PTZ group. Meanwhile, Lavandula officinalis suppressed NO level more than Val and Lavandula officinalis also decreased brain MDA level relative to PTZ group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first report to demonstrate NO suppressing and anti-epileptogenic effect of chronic administration of Lavandula officinalis extract on acquisition of epilepsy in PTZ kindling mice model. In this regard, Lavandula officinalis extract was more effective than Val, possibly and in part via brain NO suppression.
authors.affiliation: Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran. batrahmati@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Batool
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rahmati
authors.forename: Mohsen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khalili
authors.forename: Mehrdad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roghani
authors.forename: Parisa
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ahghari
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D007696:Kindling, Neurologic / Q000187:drug effects; D027523:Lavandula; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D010433:Pentylenetetrazole; D008517:Phytotherapy; D035261:Plant Components, Aerial; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012640:Seizures / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D000975:Antioxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D010433:Pentylenetetrazole