title: Umbilical cord prolapse during delivery - risk factors and pregnancy outcome: a single center experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the incidence and risk factors for umbilical cord prolapse and to evaluate whether obstetrical interventions increase this risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective, cohort study of all intended vaginal deliveries in a single tertiary university affiliated medical center (33 519 deliveries). Obstetrical and labor characteristics, including labor interventions [as artificial rupture of membranes (ARM) and intrauterine catheter insertion] and short-term pregnancy outcome were obtained. Primary outcome measure was defined as abnormal umbilical cord pH <7.2 and/or 5-min Apgar score <7.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rate of umbilical cord prolapse was 37/33 519 (0.11%); of them, 23 (62%) were diagnosed after ARM, three cases (8%) were related to external cephalic version and three cases (8%) were related to intrauterine catheter insertion. The rate of umbilical cord pH <7.2 and 5-min Apgar score <7 was higher in the ARM group in comparison to women with spontaneous rupture of membranes (30% versus 21%, p = 0.8). There was no significant difference in mean pH according to mode of delivery. All neonates were discharged within 8 d of delivery with good neonatal outcome and the rate of maternal complications was low.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prompt delivery in cases of umbilical cord prolapse is associated with favorable pregnancy outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helen Schneider Hospital for Women .
authors.forename: Rinat
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gabbay-Benziv
authors.forename: Maor
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maman
authors.forename: Arnon
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wiznitzer
authors.forename: Nehama
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Linder
authors.forename: Yariv
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yogev
mesh_terms: D001034:Apgar Score; D001919:Bradycardia / Q000175:diagnosis; D057785:Catheters / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015331:Cohort Studies; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005321:Extraembryonic Membranes; D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007751:Labor, Induced / Q000009:adverse effects; D011247:Pregnancy; D011391:Prolapse; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014470:Umbilical Cord / Q000737:chemistry; D014710:Version, Fetal / Q000706:statistics & numerical data