title: Solid lipid nanoparticles as effective reservoir systems for long-term preservation of multidose formulations.
abstract: Cosmetic multidose preparations, as well as pharmaceutical ones, are at risk of contamination by microorganisms, due to their high water content. Besides the risk of contamination during manufacturing, multidose cosmetic preparations may be contaminated by consumers during their use. In this paper, the results of the utilization of nanoparticles as reservoir systems of parabens, the most used class of preservatives, were reported. Two different systems, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) made of pure precirol and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) made of precirol and almond oil, containing three parabens as single molecules or as a mixture, were prepared and tested. All the systems were characterized for size, polydispersion index, zeta potential and encapsulation efficiency. Release experiments, carried out in steady state and sink conditions, allowed to evidence that both SLN and NLC were able to act as reservoir systems. The antimicrobial activity of the systems was tested against Candida albicans ATCC 10231 with repeat insult tests. The results of the release experiments and the antimicrobial tests showed very low water concentration of parabens still maintaining their antimicrobial activity.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Università La Sapienza di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy. felice.cerreto@uniroma1.it
authors.forename: Felice
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cerreto
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Paolicelli
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cesa
authors.forename: Hend M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Abu Amara
authors.forename: Felicia Diodata
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: D'Auria
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Simonetti
authors.forename: Maria Antonietta
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Casadei
mesh_terms: D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004075:Diglycerides / Q000737:chemistry*; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004340:Drug Contamination / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007700:Kinetics; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D053758:Nanoparticles; D010226:Parabens / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010316:Particle Size; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry*; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D011310:Preservatives, Pharmaceutical / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D020358:Sodium Cholate / Q000737:chemistry; D012995:Solubility; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004075:Diglycerides; D004337:Drug Carriers; C506200:Lutrol; D010226:Parabens; D010938:Plant Oils; D011310:Preservatives, Pharmaceutical; D014867:Water; C038091:butylparaben; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; C068582:almond oil; C015358:methylparaben; C009032:precirol; D020358:Sodium Cholate; C006068:propylparaben