title: Effect of a combination of deoxynivalenol and nivalenol on lipopolisaccharide-induced nitric oxide production by mouse macrophages.
abstract: Deoxynivalenol (DON) and nivalenol (NIV) are trichothecene mycotoxins produced by Fusarium fungi as secondary metabolites. Both compounds have the immunotoxic effects that the productions of inflammatory mediators by activated macrophages is disturbed. Co-contamination with DON and NIV can occur; however, the effects of simultaneous contamination are not well known. The present study investigated the combined effects of DON and NIV on nitric oxide (NO) production by mouse macrophages stimulated with lipopolisaccharide (LPS). The inhibitory effect of DON and NIV on NO release from activated macrophages has already been reported as an appropriate indicator of immunotoxic effect of the both compounds. LPS-induced NO production in macrophages was inhibited by both of these toxins individually in a dose-dependent manner, and toxin mixtures at the same concentration inhibited NO production in the same manner. In addition, there were no unique inhibitory effects on LPS-induced NO production in macrophages in the presence of mixtures of various molar ratios. These results suggest that the combined effects of DON and NIV can be predicted based on addition of each compound alone.
authors.affiliation: Division of Microbiology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 158-8501, Japan, sugiyama@nihs.go.jp.
authors.forename: Kei-Ichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugiyama
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawakami
authors.forename: Yoichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kamata
authors.forename: Yoshiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sugita-Konishi