title: Parallels in amphibian and bat declines from pathogenic fungi.
abstract: Pathogenic fungi have substantial effects on global biodiversity, and 2 emerging pathogenic species-the chytridiomycete Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, which causes chytridiomycosis in amphibians, and the ascomycete Geomyces destructans, which causes white-nose syndrome in hibernating bats-are implicated in the widespread decline of their vertebrate hosts. We synthesized current knowledge for chytridiomycosis and white-nose syndrome regarding disease emergence, environmental reservoirs, life history characteristics of the host, and host-pathogen interactions. We found striking similarities between these aspects of chytridiomycosis and white-nose syndrome, and the research that we review and propose should help guide management of future emerging fungal diseases.
authors.affiliation: University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
authors.forename: Evan A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Eskew
authors.forename: Brian D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Todd
mesh_terms: D000663:Amphibians / Q000382:microbiology*; D000818:Animals; D001203:Ascomycota / Q000502:physiology*; D002685:Chiroptera / Q000382:microbiology*; D008411:Chytridiomycota / Q000502:physiology*; D021821:Communicable Diseases, Emerging / Q000401:mortality / Q000662:veterinary*; D004197:Disease Reservoirs; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D009181:Mycoses / Q000401:mortality / Q000662:veterinary*
keywords: Ascomycota; Chytridiomycota; adaptive immunity; amphibians; bats; biodiversity; fungi; host-pathogen interactions; immunocompromised hosts; immunology; infectious disease outbreak; infectious disease reservoirs; infectious disease transmission; innate immunity; pathogenicity factors; species extinction; virulence factors