title: Compartmentalization of cyclic nucleotide signaling: a question of when, where, and why?
abstract: Preciseness of cellular behavior depends upon how an extracellular cue mobilizes a correct orchestra of cellular messengers and effector proteins spatially and temporally. This concept, termed compartmentalization of cellular signaling, is now known to form the molecular basis of many aspects of cellular behavior in health and disease. The cyclic nucleotides cyclic adenosine monophosphate and cyclic guanosine monophosphate are ubiquitous cellular messengers that can be compartmentalized in three ways: first, by their physical containment; second, by formation of multiple protein signaling complexes; and third, by their selective depletion. Compartmentalized cyclic nucleotide signaling is a very prevalent response among all cell types. In order to understand how it becomes relevant to cellular behavior, it is important to know how it is executed in cells to regulate physiological responses and, also, how its execution or dysregulation can lead to a pathophysiological condition, which forms the scope of the presented review.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
authors.forename: Kavisha
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Arora
authors.forename: Chandrima
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sinha
authors.forename: Weiqiang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Aixia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Chang Suk
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: Sunitha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yarlagadda
authors.forename: Anjaparavanda P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Naren
mesh_terms: D054758:A Kinase Anchor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D020013:Calcium Signaling; D002451:Cell Compartmentation; D006801:Humans; D009712:Nucleotides, Cyclic / Q000378:metabolism*; D009928:Organ Specificity; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D054758:A Kinase Anchor Proteins; D009712:Nucleotides, Cyclic; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases