title: High recurrence rate of lymphadenitis due to nontuberculous mycobacteria and its association with concurrent Salmonella infection in Taiwan.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of this study is to investigate the clinical characteristics of lymphadenitis due to nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in Taiwan.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all patients who presented to the National Taiwan University Hospital with culture-positive NTM lymphadenitis during the period 2000-2010. Patients with concurrent extranodal involvement were excluded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From 2000 to 2010, 15 patients with lymphadenitis caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria were identified. Most patients (80%, n = 12) were infected with rapidly growing mycobacteria. Mycobacterium abscessus was the most common infective species (n = 8). Recurrence of infection involving multiple organs occurred 2-7 years after the completion of treatment in 11 (73%) patients. Five (33.3%) patients had concurrent Salmonella infections (4 patients with bacteremia and 1 patient with empyema thoracis) during the course of the disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In Taiwanese patients, we found a high recurrence rate of NTM lymphadenitis that was closely associated with Salmonella infections. We also noted that the clinical and epidemiological manifestations of NTM lymphadenitis in Taiwan differed from their manifestations in western countries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; General Education Center, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Cheng-Hsiang
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Hsiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chih-Cheng
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: hsporen@ntu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Po-Ren
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Hsueh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D060085:Coinfection; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008199:Lymphadenitis / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009165:Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D009170:Nontuberculous Mycobacteria; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012480:Salmonella Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Lymphadenitis; Mycobacterium abscessus; Nontuberculous mycobacteria; Salmonella infection; Taiwan