title: Hemodialysis and extracorporeal removal after pediatric and adolescent poisoning reported to a state poison center.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is currently limited literature regarding the use of hemodialysis after acute pediatric and adolescent poisoning.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We sought to characterize the use of hemodialysis (HD) and other extracorporeal removal techniques (ECR) in the treatment of acutely poisoned children and adolescents reported to a state poison control system over a 10-year period.
  
  
  METHODS
  After institutional review board approval, a state poison control system database was queried for all cases coded for hemodialysis and other ECR after pediatric and adolescent (0-19 years old) poisoning. We also analyzed National Poison System Data to determine national trends.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety patients were reviewed after exclusions for errors in coding or incomplete documentation. HD was the principle method of ECR employed. One case of hemoperfusion and hemofiltration was reported. HD was used, on average, nine times per year. ECR was used predominantly in adolescent patients (age ≥ to 12 years) (84 patients, 93%) for intentional ingestions (82 patients, 91%). Fifteen different toxins were encountered, with salicylates (29 patients) and ethylene glycol (23 patients) most commonly encountered. Ethylene glycol and methanol blood levels were not available before initiation of hemodialysis in all but one case.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All salicylate-poisoned patients who underwent HD demonstrated clinical findings indicative of toxicity even in the absence of elevated levels advocated by some as indication for HD. HD and other ECR are rarely used in the management of pediatric and adolescent poisoning.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Medical Toxicology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103, USA.
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Darracq
authors.forename: F Lee
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Cantrell
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000506:poisoning; D016208:Databases, Factual; D019855:Ethylene Glycol / Q000506:poisoning; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D011039:Poison Control Centers; D011041:Poisoning / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D012459:Salicylates / Q000506:poisoning; D016060:Sorption Detoxification / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014187:Transportation of Patients / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D012459:Salicylates; D019855:Ethylene Glycol