title: There's no such thing as bad weather, just the wrong clothing: climate, weather and active school transportation in Toronto, Canada.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Climatic conditions may enable or deter active school transportation in many North American cities, but the topic remains largely overlooked in the existing literature. This study explores the effect of seasonal climate (i.e., fall versus winter) and weekly weather conditions (i.e., temperature, precipitation) on active travelling to school across different built and policy environments.
  
  
  METHODS
  Home-to-school trips by 11-12-year-old children in the City of Toronto were examined using data from the 2006 Transportation Tomorrow Survey. Binomial logistic regressions were estimated to explore the correlates of the choice of active (i.e., walking) versus non-active (i.e., private automobile, transit and school bus) mode for school trips.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Climate and weather-related variables were not associated with choice of school travel mode. Children living within the sidewalk snow-plough zone (i.e., in the inner-suburban neighbourhoods) were less likely to walk to school than children living outside of the zone (i.e., in the inner-city neighbourhoods).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Given that seasonality and short-term weather conditions appear not to limit active school transportation in general, built environment interventions designed to facilitate active travel could have benefits that spill over across the entire year rather than being limited to a particular season. Educational campaigns with strategies for making the trip fun and ensuring that the appropriate clothing choices are made are also warranted in complementing built environment modifications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Geography and Program in Planning, University of Toronto,Toronto, ON. raktim.mitra@utoronto.ca
authors.forename: Raktim
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mitra
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Faulkner
mesh_terms: D002170:Canada; D002648:Child; D002755:Choice Behavior; D002980:Climate; D003020:Clothing; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004779:Environment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012111:Residence Characteristics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012574:Schools; D012621:Seasons; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology*; D014186:Transportation / Q000379:methods*; D016138:Walking / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014887:Weather
keywords: built environment; climate; school travel; walking; weather