title: Vancomycin-resistant Gram-positive bacterial endophthalmitis: epidemiology, treatment options, and outcomes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study is to evaluate the microbiological profile and treatment outcomes of vancomycin-resistant Gram-positive bacterial endophthalmitis. Medical records of all patients with Gram-positive bacterial endophthalmitis resistant to vancomycin presenting between 1 January 2005 and 31 December 2010 were reviewed in this noncomparative, consecutive, retrospective case series. Favorable outcome was defined as a best-corrected visual acuity of ≥20/200.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of 682 culture-positive endophthalmitis isolates, 448/682 (65.6%) were associated with Gram-positive bacteria. In vitro resistance to vancomycin was noted in 7/448 (1.56%). Three cases were posttraumatic, three were postoperative, and one was endogenous in origin. Four Bacillus isolates, two Staphylococcus isolates, and an Enterococcus isolate were resistant. Isolates resistant to vancomycin were sensitive in vitro to ciprofloxacin in 6/7 (86%) patients. Presenting visual acuity was light perception in all seven cases. Favorable outcome was achieved in only 1/7 (14.3%) cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vancomycin-resistant endophthalmitis is uncommon and usually associated with poor visual outcome. Bacillus sp. is the most frequent Gram-positive bacteria resistant to vancomycin. Fluoroquinolones like ciprofloxacin may be considered as a useful alternative in vancomycin-resistant endophthalmitis.
authors.affiliation: LV Prasad Eye Institute, GMR Varalakshmi Campus, Visakhapatnam 530040, India. avinash@lvpei.org.
authors.forename: Manav
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khera
authors.forename: Avinash
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pathengay
authors.forename: Animesh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jindal
authors.forename: Subhadra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jalali
authors.forename: Annie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mathai
authors.forename: Rajeev Reddy
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Pappuru
authors.forename: Nidhi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Relhan
authors.forename: Taraprasad
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: Savitri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Harry W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Flynn