title: Cyclosporine-associated thrombotic microangiopathy and thrombocytopenia-associated multiple organ failure: a case successfully treated with therapeutic plasma exchange.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is characterized by microvascular thrombosis, thrombocytopenia, and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia. Previous studies have shown that cyclosporine (CsA) is associated with TMA but the number of reported cases is very limited. We describe a 13-year-old girl with CsA-associated TMA and thrombocytopenia-associated multiple organ failure (TAMOF).
  
  
  METHODS
  The patient was diagnosed with polyglandular deficiency syndrome and had a history of celiac disease, autoimmune thyroiditis, and diabetes mellitus type I. CsA was started 7 months before her admission to our pediatric intensive care unit for persistent diarrhea associated with celiac disease. At the time of her admission to our pediatric intensive care unit, she was thrombocytopenic and anemic with multiple organ failure. Laboratory and clinical findings were consistent with TMA and TAMOF. CsA was discontinued and therapeutic plasma exchange was performed daily for 5 days. The patient improved clinically, laboratory findings normalized, and TMA and multiple organ failure dissolved.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This case report indicates that therapeutic plasma exchange may be effective in the treatment of CsA-associated TMA and TAMOF, especially in the presence of systemic findings.
authors.affiliation: Divisions of *Pediatric Critical Care †Pediatric Hematology ‡Pediatric Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Çaglar
authors.initials: Ç
authors.lastname: Ödek
authors.forename: Tanil
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kendirli
authors.forename: Ayhan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yaman
authors.forename: Talia
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ileri
authors.forename: Zarife
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kuloğlu
authors.forename: Erdal
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ince
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009102:Multiple Organ Failure / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D010951:Plasma Exchange; D016884:Polyendocrinopathies, Autoimmune / Q000188:drug therapy; D013921:Thrombocytopenia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D057049:Thrombotic Microangiopathies / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine