title: Pathological diagnosis of flat epithelial lesions of the biliary tract with emphasis on biliary intraepithelial neoplasia.
abstract: Flat epithelial lesions of the biliary tract cannot be detected by the image analysis, and the diagnosis entirely depends on pathological examination. The biliary tract is often affected by inflammatory conditions, and the resultant changes of the biliary epithelium make it difficult to differentiate them from neoplasia. Thus, the pathological diagnosis of biliary flat epithelial lesions can be challenging. In the biliary tract, there are several forms of intraepithelial neoplasia of the flat type, and biliary intraepithelial neoplasia (BilIN) is known as one of such lesions that represent the multistep cholangiocarcinogenesis. In this article, the diagnostic criteria and the differential diagnosis of biliary flat epithelial lesions, particularly focusing on BilIN, were presented and discussed to provide help to advance clinical and research applications of the BilIN system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Pathology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasunori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Motoko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aishima
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fukusato
authors.forename: Hidenori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ojima
authors.forename: Yae
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kanai
authors.forename: Masayoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kage
authors.forename: Yasuni
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakanuma
authors.forename: Hirohito
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsubouchi
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D001653:Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D018281:Cholangiocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness