title: Reliable laboratory urinalysis results using a new standardised urine collection device.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  While urine sampling is necessary in the diagnosis of urinary tract infection and electrolyte disturbances, the collection of urine in neonates and non-toilet-trained children is often difficult. A universal urine collection method providing representative urinalyses results is needed. The objective of this study is to evaluate the applicability of the currently used urine collection pads (gauze compresses) and a new urine collection device (Peespot).
  
  
  METHODS
  We tested the reliability of routine (semi-)quantitative urinalysis results with these two different kinds of urine collection methods in a laboratory model. Although important in clinical diagnosis, we did not evaluate the effects on cellular and other components such as casts in the urinary sediment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most semi-quantitative variables determined by urine stick (pH, blood, protein, leukocytes, nitrite, glucose, ketones, bilirubin and urobilinogen) gave concordant results for both methods compared with native urine. Using the Peespot urine collection device, reliable quantitative results were obtained for calcium, chloride, glucose, magnesium, phosphate, potassium, sodium, osmolality, urea nitrogen and urate compared with native urine. Data were concordant only for chloride, phosphate, glucose, sodium and urea nitrogen by use of gauze compresses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Urine collection pads are non-invasive methods useful in the collection of urine in non-toilet-trained children. Because of better practical standardisation and more reliable (semi-) quantitative urinalysis results, the Peespot urine collection device is preferred for the collection of urine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Myriam A M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Roelofs-Thijssen
authors.forename: Michiel F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Schreuder
authors.forename: Marije
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hogeveen
authors.forename: Antonius E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: van Herwaarden
mesh_terms: D001663:Bilirubin / Q000652:urine; D001769:Blood; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007659:Ketones / Q000652:urine; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009573:Nitrites / Q000652:urine; D011506:Proteins / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016482:Urinalysis; D059349:Urine Specimen Collection; D014558:Urobilinogen / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D007659:Ketones; D009573:Nitrites; D011506:Proteins; D014558:Urobilinogen; D005947:Glucose; D001663:Bilirubin
keywords: Quantitative; Urinalysis; Urine biochemistry; Urine collection; Urine stick