title: Induction of apoptosis by the Amsacta moorei entomopoxvirus.
abstract: CF-70-B2 cells derived from the spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana) undergo apoptosis when infected with Amsacta moorei entomopoxvirus (AMEV), as characterized by membrane blebbing, formation of apoptotic bodies, TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL) staining, condensed chromatin and induction of caspase-3/7 activity. The apoptotic response was reduced when cells were infected with UV-inactivated AMEV, but not when infected in the presence of the DNA synthesis inhibitor, cytosine β-d-arabinofuranoside. Hence, only pre-DNA replication events were involved in inducing the antiviral response in CF-70-B2 cells. The virus eventually overcame the host's antiviral response and replicated to high progeny virus titres accompanied by high levels of caspase-3/7 activity. The CF-70-B2 cells were less productive of progeny virus in comparison to LD-652, a Lymantria dispar cell line routinely used for propagation of AMEV. At late stages of infection, LD-652 cells also showed characteristics of apoptosis such as oligosomal DNA fragmentation, TUNEL staining, condensed chromatin and increased caspase-3/7 activity. Induction of apoptosis in LD-652 cells was dependent on viral DNA replication and/or late gene expression. A significantly reduced rate of infection was observed in the presence of general caspase inhibitors Q-VD-OPH and Z-VAD-FMK, indicating caspases may be involved in productive virus infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada.|Laboratory for Molecular Virology, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Srini
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Perera
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Krell
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey.
authors.forename: Zihni
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Demirbag
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey.
authors.forename: Remziye
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nalçacioğlu
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Molecular Virology, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Basil
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Arif
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D053179:Caspase 7 / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000473:pathology; D053938:DNA Fragmentation; D017996:Entomopoxvirinae / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D007915:Lepidoptera / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D053148:Caspase 3; D053179:Caspase 7