title: Hemodynamic effects of laparoscopic surgery in term and preterm infants with cardiac anomalies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to clarify whether cardiac anomalies are a reasonable contraindication to laparoscopic surgery in infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 2004 and January 2013, 131 term and preterm infants with cardiac anomalies underwent laparoscopic surgery within the first 6 months of life. In this retrospective study type of cardiac anomaly, performed operative procedure, operative time, intraabdominal pressure and postoperative complications were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over this 9-year period, 80 preterm and 51 term infants underwent different complex and even long-lasting laparoscopic procedures. Median operative time was 67 min with a median intraabdominal pressure of 13 mmHg. Cardiac anomalies ranged from persistent foramen ovale, atrium septal defect to ventricular septal defect and tetralogy of Fallot. In the postoperative course hemodynamic impairment was noted in three infants (2.3 %). Only one of them presented cardiorespiratory instability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study different laparoscopic procedures could be performed in numerous infants with cardiac anomalies. Due to the inhomogeneity of this group of patients and individual combinations of heart defects with or without hemodynamic relevance, preoperative evaluation by a firm pediatric cardiologist is crucial. Prospective studies are necessary to further clarify the use of laparoscopic surgery in this distinct group of patients.
authors.affiliation: University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany. burgmeierch@yahoo.de
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Burgmeier
authors.forename: Felix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schier
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome