title: Mesenchymal stem cells promote hard-tissue repair after direct pulp capping.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of autologous mesenchymal bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) to promote hard-tissue formation after direct pulp capping procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bone marrow was aspirated from the iliac crest of healthy dogs of nonspecific race. Mononuclear cells were obtained using the Histopaque (Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO) protocol and cultured for 21 days. Direct pulp capping procedures were performed in posterior teeth, and then mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate, or BMSCs were used as direct pulp capping agents. After 3 months, animals were sacrificed, and jaw segments were processed for radiographic examination using cone-beam computed tomography scanning and histologic examination to assess the formation of a hard-tissue barrier according to a scoring system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The longitudinal and cross-sectional radiophotographs and histologic sections confirmed the formation of an evident calcific barrier after direct pulp capping with MTA and BMSCs. Statistical analysis of the scores given for radiographic and histologic calcific bridge formation showed that both MTA and BMSCs had a comparable tendency to produce a hard-tissue barrier that was significantly higher than hydroxyapatite tricalcium phosphate (P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Autologous mesenchymal BMSCs were able to promote hard-tissue formation after direct pulp capping procedures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Maram
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Obeid
authors.forename: Shehab El Din Mohamed
authors.initials: Sel D
authors.lastname: Saber
authors.forename: Alaa El Din
authors.initials: Ael D
authors.lastname: Ismael
authors.forename: Ehab
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hassanien
mesh_terms: D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D064592:Autografts / Q000637:transplantation; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography / Q000379:methods; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D003785:Dental Pulp Capping / Q000379:methods*; D003789:Dental Pulp Exposure / Q000628:therapy; D003809:Dentin, Secondary / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D004285:Dogs; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006882:Hydroxyapatites / Q000627:therapeutic use; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D010087:Oxides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D057872:Pulp Capping and Pulpectomy Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011897:Random Allocation; D012038:Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D017640:Silicates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013997:Time Factors; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006882:Hydroxyapatites; D010087:Oxides; D057872:Pulp Capping and Pulpectomy Agents; D017640:Silicates; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate; C094280:hydroxyapatite-tricalciumphosphate composite