title: Hospital costs for robot-assisted laparoscopic radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare robot-assisted laparoscopy and laparotomy for radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy in terms of hospital costs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive women undergoing radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy as a sole procedure between January 2001 and February 2012 were included. We compared OR times, hospital stay, procedure specific costs, blood transfusions and cost for readmissions and re-interventions until three months after surgery for 231 women operated who received either an open (n=51) or a robot-assisted laparoscopic radical hysterectomy (n=180). The hospital internal charges and purchase costs were used for estimation. The specific robotic cost was based on an investment depreciation time of seven years, with 400 operations performed annually, costs for maintenance, robotic instruments, robot-specific assistant's instruments and robot draping.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The estimated mean costs for an open radical hysterectomy was $12,986, for the first 30 robotic radical hysterectomies was $18,382, and for the last 30 was $12,759, with a break even in cost after 90 robotic procedures. The specific robot costs ($3469) was, for the last robot cohort, compensated mainly by an average of 22 min shorter OR time and 4.9 days shorter hospital stay.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Given 400 robot operations annually, and only after a substantial implementation period, it is feasible to perform robot-assisted radical hysterectomy at an equal hospital cost compared with open surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Pétur
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Reynisson
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Persson
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D017721:Hospital Costs; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy / Q000191:economics* / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000191:economics* / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000191:economics* / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D012371:Robotics / Q000191:economics* / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D014481:United States; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000191:economics* / Q000601:surgery*