title: Heart failure symptom monitoring and response training.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to test the efficacy of a heart failure (HF) training program on patients' ability to recognize and respond to changes in HF symptoms. The primary aim was to compare event-free survival at 90 days.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 99 HF patients randomized to the HF symptom training intervention or usual care completed instruments about self-care (Self-Care of HF Index) and at baseline and 3 months. Demographic, clinical, and comorbidity data were collected by interview and chart review. Time to first event (death or a HF-related hospitalization) was tracked by electronic records and patient interview.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sample was predominately male (67.7%), elderly (67.7 yrs ± 12.1) and Caucasian (88.9%). The intervention group reported more events but the difference was not significantly different (χ(2) = 1.18, p = 0.26). There was no difference in survival time between groups (χ(2) = 1.53, p = 0.216). In paired t-tests, the intervention group had significantly improved self-care maintenance, management and confidence scores (all p < 0.01). The usual care group had significantly improved self-care maintenance and management (both p < 0.01). Improvements in self-care maintenance and confidence were higher in the intervention group compared with usual care (18.0 vs. 12.9 points).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HF symptom awareness training appeared to have an early but not sustained benefit resulting in no difference in 90-day event-free survival. However, larger improvement in self-care maintenance and confidence scores in the intervention group compared to usual care is promising. Embedding meaningful symptom monitoring strategies in self-care maintenance interventions requires further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8240, USA. corrine.jurgens@stonybrook.edu
authors.forename: Corrine Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Jurgens
authors.forename: Christopher S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Reitano
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Riegel
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012648:Self Care; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
keywords: Heart failure; Patient teaching; Self-care; Survival analysis; Symptoms