title: Predicting cynicism as a function of trust and civility: a longitudinal analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to examine whether participant views of job resources (i.e. trust and civility) towards their co-workers and supervisors were longitudinally predictive of workplace cynicism, an aspect of burnout.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Cynicism is a significant predictor of intention to quit among nurses. Social supports are hypothesized to protect workers from becoming increasingly cynical.
  
  
  METHODS
  Measures of cynicism, and trust and civility in both co-workers and supervisors were part of a survey completed by a sample of 323 Canadian nurses whose responses were matched across two time-points, 1 year apart.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hierarchical multiple linear regression analyses revealed that co-worker civility enhanced the ability of our regression models to predict cynicism by explaining 1.1% of the variance in cynicism. The addition of co-worker trust, supervisor civility and supervisor trust did not enhance the ability of the models to predict cynicism.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicated the importance of workgroup civility in diminishing workplace cynicism.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Efforts to reduce burnout may be improved by decreasing cynicism through interventions aimed at increasing workgroup civility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
authors.forename: Ryan M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Nicholson
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Leiter
authors.forename: Heather K S
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Laschinger
mesh_terms: D002055:Burnout, Professional / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D002170:Canada; D005260:Female; D005544:Forecasting / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012944:Social Support; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D035502:Trust / Q000523:psychology*; D017132:Workplace / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: burnout; civility; cynicism; nurses; trust