title: Establishment of in vitro-in vivo equivalence of highly variable drugs - a generic product development perspective.
abstract: In vivo equivalence of highly variable drugs (HVD) has always been a subject of great concern, in terms of both safety and efficacy, for regulatory agencies. Successful demonstration of their bioequivalence thus presents the most crucial component of a generic application, significantly contributing toward the cost and time of development. For poorly soluble drugs, such as telmisartan, dissolution represents the rate-limiting step in the gastric region and in many cases may not be complete, thereby contributing to low and highly variable bioavailability. Consequently, simulation of gastrointestinal conditions is essential to adequately predict the in vivo behavior of drug formulations. In this study, we evaluated usefulness of physiologically relevant dissolution method over commonly used acidic media to forecast comparable in vivo performance of telmisartan formulation to that of reference samples. In the present study, telmisartan was classified as a HVD and a partial replicate design with repeating the reference product and scaling the bioequivalence for the reference variability has been presented. The design has effectively decreased sample size, without increasing patient risk. Results from this project suggest that scaled average bioequivalence (SABE) provides a good approach for evaluating the bioequivalence of HVD, meeting the need for international guidelines for bioequivalence.
authors.affiliation: Dr. Reddy's Laboratories, Centre of Excellence - Bio Studies , IPDO, Innovation Plaza, Bachupally, Hyderabad-500072, Andhra Pradesh , India.
authors.forename: Shriram M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Pathak
authors.forename: Deepika
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Aggarwal
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Venkateswarlu
mesh_terms: D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D001565:Benzoates / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D001682:Biological Availability; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D016568:Drugs, Generic / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D012995:Solubility; D013607:Tablets / Q000494:pharmacology; D000077333:Telmisartan; D013810:Therapeutic Equivalency
chemical_list: D001562:Benzimidazoles; D001565:Benzoates; D016568:Drugs, Generic; D013607:Tablets; D000077333:Telmisartan