title: Use of clinical decision support to improve the quality of care provided to older hospitalized patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Frail older inpatients are at risk of unintended adverse events while in hospital, particularly falls, functional decline, delirium and incontinence.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this pragmatic trial was to pilot and evaluate a multi-component knowledge translation intervention that incorporated a nurse-initiated computerized clinical decision support tool to reduce harms in the care of older medical inpatients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A stepped wedge trial design was conducted on six medical units at two hospitals in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. The primary quantitative outcome was the rate of order set use. Secondary outcomes included the number of falls, the average number of days in hospital, and the total number of consults ordered for each of orthopedics, geriatrics, psychiatry and physiotherapy. Qualitative analysis included interviews with nurses to explore barriers and facilitators around the implementation of the electronic decision support tool.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The estimated mean rate of order set use over a 2 week period was 3.1 (95% CI 1.9-5.3) sets higher after the intervention than before. The estimated odds of a fall happening on a unit over a 2-week period was 9.3 (p = 0.065) times higher before than after the intervention. There was no significant effect of the intervention on length of hospital stay (p = 0.67) or consults to related clinical services (all p <0.2). Interviews with front-line nurses and nurse managers/educators revealed that the order set is not being regularly ordered because its content is perceived as part of good nursing care and due to the high workload on these busy medical units.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although not statistically significant, a reduction in the number of falls as a result of the intervention was noted. Frontline users' engagement is crucial for the successful implementation of any decision support tool. New strategies of implementation will be evaluated before broad dissemination of this knowledge translation intervention.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Groshaus
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boscan
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Khandwala
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Holroyd-Leduc
keywords: Computerized order set; falls; knowledge translation; older inpatients