title: Evaluation of magnifying endoscopy using narrow band imaging using ex vivo bile duct (with video).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Detailed endoscopic findings of the bile duct mucosa, even of the non-neoplastic mucosa, have not yet been established. The aim of the present study was to compare a currently used video cholangioscope (CCS) with a magnifying endoscope (ME) that is commonly used for the gastrointestinal tract, for visualization of the bile duct mucosa.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten freshly resected common bile ducts were used in this study. We observed the non-neoplastic bile duct mucosa with CCS and ME, and carried out both conventional white light imaging and narrow band imaging. After histological diagnosis, the 10 specimens were classified into three categories according to the degree of histological inflammation: normal to mild, moderate, and severe. Then, we examined the relationship between the magnifying endoscopic findings and the histopathological findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In eight of the 10 cases, the visualization obtained with CCS was inferior to that obtained by ME. Five specimens were classified as normal to mild inflammation, and many oval-shaped, depressed areas and a fine, regular network of the microvessels were observed by ME on the mucosal surfaces of these specimens. The remaining specimens were classified as moderate or severe inflammation, and the aforementioned findings could not be clearly visualized.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CCS does not allow visualization of the bile duct mucosa with high sensitivity. Oval-shaped depressed areas and a fine, regular network of microvessels are characteristic endoscopic features of non-neoplastic bile duct mucosa without inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan.
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.forename: Yoshinobu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okabe
authors.forename: Ryohei
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kaji
authors.forename: Makiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yasumoto
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ushijima
authors.forename: Gen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sugiyama
authors.forename: Yuhei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kitasato
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Horiuchi
authors.forename: Hisafumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Tsuruta
authors.forename: Michio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sata
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003135:Common Bile Duct / Q000473:pathology*; D016145:Endoscopy, Digestive System; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D062048:Narrow Band Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D014741:Video Recording