title: Development and formative evaluation of a visual e-tool to help decision makers navigate the evidence around health financing.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There are calls for low and middle income countries to develop robust health financing policies to increase service coverage. However, existing evidence around financing options is complex and often difficult for policy makers to access.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To summarize the evidence on the impact of financing health systems and develop an e-tool to help decision makers navigate the findings.
  
  
  METHODS
  After reviewing the literature, we used thematic analysis to summarize the impact of 7 common health financing mechanisms on 5 common health system goals. Information on the relevance of each study to a user's context was provided by 11 country indicators. A Web-based e-tool was then developed to assist users in navigating the literature review. This tool was evaluated using feedback from early users, collected using an online survey and in-depth interviews with key informants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The e-tool provides graphical summaries that allow a user to assess the following parameters with a single snapshot: the number of relevant studies available in the literature, the heterogeneity of evidence, where key evidence is lacking, and how closely the evidence matches their own context. Users particularly liked the visual display and found navigating the tool intuitive. However there was concern that a lack of evidence on positive impact might be construed as evidence against a financing option and that the tool might over-simplify the available financing options.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Complex evidence can be made more easily accessible and potentially more understandable using basic Web-based technology and innovative graphical representations that match findings to the users' goals and context.
authors.affiliation: UCL Institute for Global Health, London, United Kingdom. j.skordis-worrall@ucl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Jolene
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Skordis-Worrall
authors.forename: Anni-Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Pulkki-Brännström
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Utley
authors.forename: Gayatri
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kembhavi
authors.forename: Nouria
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bricki
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Dutoit
authors.forename: Mikey
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rosato
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pagel
keywords: financing; health care systems; policy makers; software tools