title: Prevention and intervention trials for colorectal cancer.
abstract: There have been a number of candidates for chemopreventive agents from synthetic drugs and natural compounds suggested to prevent colorectal cancer. However, they have shown modest efficacy in humans. The reason for this could be partly explained by the use of inappropriate models in vitro and in vivo, and the limitation of chemoprevention trials. In Japan, there are no cancer chemopreventive medicines, and few cancer chemoprevention trials to date. In contrast, an increase in the prevalence of colorectal cancer in Japan has forced us to develop more efficient chemopreventive strategies. It is now a good time to review in detail the current status and future prospects for chemoprevention of colorectal cancer with respect to the future development of chemopreventive medicines, particularly using synthetic drugs and natural compounds in Asian populations. The role and mode of action of available synthetic drugs, mainly aspirin and metformin, are reviewed. In addition, the possible impact of natural compounds with anti-inflammatory/immunosuppressive properties, such as ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acid and lactoferrin, are also reviewed.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Prevention Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
authors.forename: Masami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Komiya
authors.forename: Gen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.forename: Mami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iigo
authors.forename: Michihiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mutoh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001241:Aspirin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000628:therapy*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D007781:Lactoferrin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008687:Metformin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D015995:Prevalence; D011322:Primary Prevention / Q000379:methods*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D008687:Metformin; D007781:Lactoferrin; D001241:Aspirin
keywords: aspirin; chemoprevention; lactoferrin; metformin; ω6-PUFAs