title: Short bouts of anaerobic exercise increase non-esterified fatty acids release in obesity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It is demonstrated that aerobic exercise plays an important role in weight loss programs for obesity by increasing 24 h metabolic rate. While aerobic exercise can result in health and fitness benefits in obese subjects, also independently of weight loss, not completely clear are the effects of bouts of hard exercise on metabolic outcomes. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that short-term aerobic activity with anaerobic bouts might result in a greater improvement in the management of obesity than aerobic activity alone.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 16 obese subjects (eight men) during a progressive cycloergometric test up to exhaustion, before and after 4 weeks of two different training schedules (6 days/week). Insulin and glycaemia, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and lactic acid were sampled. Group A (eight subjects, four men) performed an aerobic cycle workout; Group B (eight subjects, four men) performed a 25 min aerobic workout followed by 5 min of anaerobic workout. All the subjects maintained their individual eating habits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The post-training test showed a decrease in AUCs NEFA in Group A (p < 0.05) and an increase in Group B (p < 0.05), together with an increase in lactic acid in Group A and a decrease in Group B (p < 0.01). β-cell function (HOMA2-B) revealed a reduction only in Group A (p < 0.05). Group B achieved a greatest reduction in body fat mass than Group A (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Aerobic plus anaerobic training seem to produce a greater response in lipid metabolism and not significant modifications in glucose indexes; then, in training prescription for obesity, we might suggest at starting weight loss program aerobic with short bouts of anaerobic training to reduce fat mass and subsequently a prolonged aerobic training alone to ameliorate the metabolic profile.
authors.affiliation: Division of Respiratory Rehabilitation, H. San Giuseppe, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, P. O. Box N. 1, 28921, Verbania, Italy.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salvadori
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fanari
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Marzullo
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Codecasa
authors.forename: Ilaria
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tovaglieri
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cornacchia
authors.forename: Amelia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brunani
authors.forename: Livio
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Luzi
authors.forename: Erminio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Longhini
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood*; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D015431:Weight Loss; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D007328:Insulin; D019344:Lactic Acid