title: Peripheral toxicity in crack cocaine use disorders.
abstract: A growing body of evidence suggests that crack cocaine misuse has widespread systemic and cognitive consequences, but little attention has been given to its systemic pathophysiology. We report here changes in inflammation markers, oxidative damage and brain derived neurotrophic factor in a sample of outpatients with crack cocaine use disorders. Fifty-three outpatients were recruited for this cross-sectional study and matched with fifty control subjects. The focus of this report is in between group differences in cytokines, oxidative damage and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Crack cocaine use was associated with higher BDNF levels when compared to controls, present only in those who used crack cocaine in the last month. Patients also had higher circulating levels of IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-10 when compared to controls. There were no significant differences in oxidative damage between patients and controls. These results represent a first demonstration that crack cocaine use disorders entail an activation of the reward, immune and inflammatory systems.
authors.affiliation: Bipolar Disorders Program & INCT Translational Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: Joana C M
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Narvaez
authors.forename: Pedro V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Magalhães
authors.forename: Gabriel R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Fries
authors.forename: Gabriela D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Colpo
authors.forename: Letícia S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Czepielewski
authors.forename: Priscila
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vianna
authors.forename: José Artur Bogo
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Chies
authors.forename: Adriane R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Rosa
authors.forename: Lisia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Von Diemen
authors.forename: Eduard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vieta
authors.forename: Flávio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pechansky
authors.forename: Flávio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kapczinski
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D015984:Causality; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D016578:Crack Cocaine / Q000633:toxicity*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016578:Crack Cocaine; D016207:Cytokines