title: Porous graphitic carbon nanosheets derived from cornstalk biomass for advanced supercapacitors.
abstract: Porous graphitic carbon nanosheets (PGCS) are synthesized by an in situ self-generating template strategy based on the carburized effect of iron with cornstalks. Cornstalks firstly coordinate with [Fe(CN)(6)](4-) ions to form the cornstalk-[Fe(CN)(6)](4-) precursor. After carbonization and removal of the catalyst, PGCS are obtained. Series experiments indicate that PGCS can only be formed when using an iron-based catalyst that can generate a carburized phase during the pyrolytic process. The unique structures of PGCS exhibit excellent capacitive performance. The PGCS-1-1100 sample (synthesized from 0.1 M [Fe(CN)(6)](4-) with a carbonization temperature of 1100 °C), which shows excellent electrochemical capacitance (up to 213 F g(-1) at 1 A g(-1)), cycling stability, and rate performance in 6 M KOH electrolyte. In the two-electrode symmetric supercapacitors, the maximum energy densities that can be achieved are as high as 9.4 and 61.3 Wh kg(-1) in aqueous and organic electrolytes, respectively. Moreover, high energy densities of 8.3 and 40.6 Wh kg(-1) are achieved at the high power density of 10.5 kW kg(-1) in aqueous and organic electrolytes, respectively. This strategy holds great promise for preparing PGCS from natural resources, including cornstalks, as advanced electrodes in supercapacitors.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, PR China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Guang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mu
authors.forename: Chungui
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Honggang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fu
mesh_terms: D018533:Biomass; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D025802:Electric Capacitance; D004566:Electrodes; D006108:Graphite; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000737:chemistry*; D016062:Porosity; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction; D003313:Zea mays
chemical_list: D002244:Carbon; D006108:Graphite