title: Can ecological history influence immunomarker responses and antioxidant enzyme activities in bivalves that have been experimentally exposed to contaminants? A new subject for discussion in "eco-immunology" studies.
abstract: Numerous studies have demonstrated that environmental parameters affect bivalve immunomarkers. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that clams (Venerupis philippinarum) collected in sites with different environmental conditions respond differently to experimental contaminant exposure. Clams were collected at two sites within the Lagoon of Venice that are influenced differently by both anthropogenic impact and natural conditions: Marghera, which is characterised by relatively high contamination levels and restricted clam fishing, and Chioggia, which is inside a licensed clam culture area that is characterised by lower contamination levels. Total haemocyte count, haemocyte diameter and volume, lysozyme activity in both haemocyte lysate and cell-free haemolymph, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in gills and digestive glands were measured at time 0 (clam sampling time), after 7 days of acclimation in the laboratory and after 1, 3 and 7 days of copper exposure. Interestingly, statistical analyses (three-way ANOVA and Canonical Correlation Analysis) revealed persistent differences in the biological responses of clams from the two sampling sites before and after copper exposure. Conversely, the influence of copper on cellular and biochemical parameters was negligible. Overall, the results obtained indicated that animals with a different ecological history respond differently to experimental contaminant exposure. In addition, this study suggested that immunomarkers and other biomarkers might be used to determine the origin of fishing products.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy. matozzo@bio.unipd.it
authors.forename: Valerio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Matozzo
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Giacomazzo
authors.forename: Livio
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Finos
authors.forename: Maria Gabriella
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Marin
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bargelloni
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Milan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D049872:Bivalvia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D003300:Copper / Q000633:toxicity*; D004777:Environment; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D006434:Hemocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D006458:Hemolymph / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D007558:Italy; D009113:Muramidase / Q000097:blood; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D003300:Copper; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D009113:Muramidase