title: Thyroid autoimmunity and polyglandular endocrine syndromes.
abstract: Even though autoimmune thyroiditis is considered as the most emblematic type of organ-specific autoimmune disorder of autoimmunity, autoimmune thyroid diseases can be associated with other autoimmune endocrine failures or non-endocrine diseases (namely vitiligo, pernicious anemia, myasthenia gravis, autoimmune gastritis, celiac disease, hepatitis). Thyroid disorders, which are the most frequent expression of adult polyendocrine syndrome type 2, occur concomitantly with or secondarily to insulinodependent diabetes, premature ovarian failure, Addison's disease (Schmidt syndrome, or Carpenter syndrome if associated with diabetes). Testicular failure and hypoparathyroidism are unusual. The disease is polygenic and multifactorial. Disorders of thyroid autoimmunity are, surprisingly, very rare in polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (or APECED) beginning during childhood. They are related to mutations of the AIRE gene that encodes for a transcriptional factor implicated in central and peripheral immune tolerance. Hypothyroidism can also be observed in the very rare IPEX and POEMS syndromes.
authors.affiliation: Clinique Endocrinologique Marc Linquette, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies Métaboliques, Hôpital Claude Huriez, 4(ème) Ouest, CHRU, Lille Cedex, France. jl-wemeau@chru-lille.fr
authors.forename: Jean-Louis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Wémeau
authors.forename: Emmanuelle
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Proust-Lemoine
authors.forename: Amélie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ryndak
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vanhove
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015551:Autoimmunity; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000151:congenital; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000276:immunology; D040181:Genetic Diseases, X-Linked / Q000276:immunology; D050031:Hashimoto Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007154:Immune System Diseases / Q000151:congenital; D007153:Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes / Q000276:immunology; D016878:POEMS Syndrome / Q000276:immunology; D016884:Polyendocrinopathies, Autoimmune / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000276:immunology*