title: Decreased activity of commercially available disinfectants containing quaternary ammonium compounds when exposed to cotton towels.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Health care-associated infections (HAIs) are a significant problem in hospitals, and environmental surfaces have been implicated as a source of HAIs in the hospital environment. Furthermore, Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria can persist on dry environmental surfaces for as long as several months. Poorly cleaned surfaces may serve as vehicles for microbes, which may then be transferred to patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cotton and microfiber towels were both tested for their abilities to bind quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs). The towels were exposed to 3 commercially available disinfectants for 0.5, 30, and 180 minutes. Germicidal spray tests (GSTs) were performed for all towel eluates in accordance with the AOAC International method 961.02. Cotton towel eluates were analyzed for QAC concentration using high-performance liquid chromatography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  QAC concentrations were reduced by up to 85.3% after exposure to cotton towels, resulting in failure of the disinfectants exposed to cotton towels in 96% of the GSTs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of cotton towels with QAC-based cleansers should be reconsidered, particularly in hospitals where effective cleaning of the patient environment is needed to reduce the risk of HAIs.
authors.affiliation: Corporate Research and Engineering, Kimberly-Clark Corporation, Neenah, WI.
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Engelbrecht
authors.forename: Dianna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ambrose
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sifuentes
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gerba
authors.forename: Ilona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Weart
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Koenig
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003368:Gossypium; D006801:Humans; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013784:Textiles
chemical_list: D004202:Disinfectants; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds
keywords: Disinfection; HAI; Hospital surfaces; Inactivation; Microfiber