title: Home-made feeding bottles have inadequacies in their nutritional composition regardless of socioeconomic class.
abstract: Fifty-four and fifty samples of home-prepared feeding bottles for infants from a public health unit (low socioeconomic group, LSG) and from a private pediatric clinic (high socioeconomic group, HSG), respectively, were chemically analyzed, and their energy, macronutrient and iron contents were compared with the standard composition recommended for follow-up formulas. Cow's milk and sucrose and cereals added to the bottles were largely used in the study. Energy, protein and carbohydrate contents were higher than the recommended level in 75.9, 27.7 and 81.5% of LSG samples and 62.0, 48.0 and 34.0% of HSG samples, respectively. Fat content was lower than the recommended level in 83.3% of LSG and 58.0% of HSG samples. Excessive values of energy, carbohydrates and protein, low fat content and macronutrient imbalance were found regardless of the socioeconomic class, thus indicating the need to improve the domestic feeding bottles' preparation practices and discourage the use of cow's milk and the addition of other ingredients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatrics, Center of Biological and Health Sciences, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Belém, PA, Brasil.
authors.forename: Maria-Florinda
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Penna de Carvalho
authors.forename: Tania Beninga
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Morais
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Batista de Morais
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001903:Bottle Feeding; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000032:analysis; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000032:analysis; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D002523:Edible Grain; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007225:Infant Food / Q000032:analysis*; D041943:Infant Formula / Q000592:standards*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D019266:Iron, Dietary / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008892:Milk; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014867:Water / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D019266:Iron, Dietary; D014867:Water
keywords: breast-milk substitutes; feeding bottles; infant nutrition