title: Individual and combined effects of LD and ADHD on computerized neurocognitive concussion test performance: evidence for separate norms.
abstract: Decreased neurocognitive performance in individuals with self-reported attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and learning disability (LD) is well documented in the neuropsychological research literature. Previous studies employing paper-and-pencil neurocognitive assessments report lower performance in individuals with ADHD and LD. The purpose of the current study was to examine the influence of a self-reported diagnosis of LD, ADHD, and combined LD/ADHD on baseline computerized neurocognitive testing (CNT) used for the concussion assessment. Results revealed athletes with a self-reported diagnosis of LD, ADHD, and/or combined LD/ADHD demonstrated lower performance on baseline CNT and reported larger numbers of symptoms than did control athletes without these diagnoses. These findings provide evidence for the development of separate normative data for athletes with LD, ADHD, and LD/ADHD diagnoses on CNT batteries commonly used for concussion management.
authors.affiliation: UPMC Sports Medicine Concussion Program, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA. rje13@pitt.edu
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Elbin
authors.forename: Anthony P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Kontos
authors.forename: Nate
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kegel
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Burkhart
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schatz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D056352:Athletes / Q000523:psychology; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D001924:Brain Concussion / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003201:Computers; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007859:Learning Disabilities / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D057566:Self Report
keywords: ADHD; Computerized neurocognitive testing; ImPACT; LD