title: [Kdo2-lipid A modification in gram-negative bacteria--a review].
abstract: In most Gram-negative bacteria, the Kdo2-lipid A moiety of lipopolysaccharide forms the outer monolayer of the outer membrane. Diverse covalent modifications of Kdo2-lipid A may occur in bacteria to survive different environmental conditions. Kdo2-lipid A is usually synthesized on the cytoplasmic surface of the inner membrane. After the core oligosaccharide is attached to Kdo2-lipid A, the molecule is flipped to the outer surface of the inner membrane, where the O-antigen repeats are attached to form lipopolysaccharide. Kdo2-lipid A could activate the innate immune system through TLR4. Therefore, researches on the structure modification of Kdo2-lipid A would be useful for developing new vaccines and adjuvants.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China. xiaoyuanwang@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Xiaoyuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D015394:Molecular Structure
chemical_list: C506188:Kdo2-lipid A; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides