title: Activity-guided isolation and identification of anti-staphylococcal components from Senecio tenuifolius Burm. F. leaf extracts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate activity-guided isolation and identification of anti-Staphylococcus aures components from Senecio tenuifolius Burm. F. (S. tenuifolius).
  
  
  METHODS
  Hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol and aqueous extracts of S. tenuifolius were prepared by soxilation for antimicrobial activity against one registered Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) (ATCC No: 25923) and two clinical isolates, methicillin resistant and methicillin sensitive S. aureus. NCCL standard methods were followed for antibacterial activity. GC-MS was performed to identify the chemical composition of bio active fraction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among all solvent extracts, methanol extract significantly reduced the growth of S. aureus (ATCC No: 25923), methicillin resistant and methicillin sensitive S. aureus with the best zone of inhibition at 16.23, 14.06 and 15.23 mm and minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) values at 426.16, 683.22 and 512.12 µg/mL, respectively. In order to detect the active component in methanol extract, it was further purified by column chromatography, which yielded four fractions (St1, St2, St3, and St4). Among these four fractions, St3 was effective against the tested strains of S. aures, with the best zone of inhibition at 15.09, 13.25 and 14.12 mm and with best MIC values at 88.16, 128.11 and 116.12 µg/mL, respectively. Effective fraction partially purified from S. tenuifolius (St3) yielded MIC's that were at least 20 fold less when compared to crude extract. GC-MS analysis of St3 revealed the presence of 3-[methyl-6,7-dihydro benzofuran-4 (5H)-one], 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, hydroquinone, methyl ester and 3 unknown compounds.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study provides scientific evidence for traditional and folklore medicinal use of S. tenuifolius in skin infections treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7070, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Manjunath
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Manubolu
authors.forename: Lavanya
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Goodla
authors.forename: Sivajyothi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ravilla
authors.forename: Vijayasarathi Reddy
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Obulum
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D007194:India; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D012674:Senecio / Q000737:chemistry*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Chemical composition; GC-MS; Senecio tenuifolius Burm. F.; Skin infection; Staphylococcus aureus; Topical application