title: The impact of the psychological contract, justice and individual differences: nurses take it personally when employers break promises.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore affective and attitudinal outcomes of aspects of the psychological contract, organizational justice and negative affectivity in nursing.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Job satisfaction, mental health and commitment to organizations and the nursing profession is important for nurse retention. The psychological contract and organizational justice are related constructs that have been linked to these outcomes, as has the characteristic of negative affectivity. Rarely have the relationships between these concepts and outcomes been examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional data were collected during November, 2007.
  
  
  METHODS
  Survey data collected on Registered Nurses and midwives from a large metropolitan hospital in Australia (n = 193, after removing missing cases and outliers) were analysed using structural equation modelling. The model used self-report measures of psychological contract obligations, fulfilment and breach, organizational justice and negative affectivity as predictors of job satisfaction, organizational commitment, career commitment and psychological distress.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Goodness-of-fit statistics confirmed a well-fitting model. The model explained 49%, 29%, 60% and 47% of the variance in psychological distress, job satisfaction, organizational commitment and career commitment respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings support the influence of the psychological contract, fairness and individual differences on outcomes important to nurse retention. Keeping promises is more important than making promises that cannot be kept. The results support a discrepancy mechanism underlying fulfilment and breach. The impact of breach suggests that nurses take breach personally, whereas fulfilment may represent a global evaluation of discrepancies. Ultimately, fulfilling, rather than making promises, keeps nurses happy.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Business, Australian Catholic University, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rodwell
authors.forename: Andre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gulyas
mesh_terms: D001315:Australia; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004651:Employment; D006801:Humans; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D009740:Nursing Staff / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: career commitment; job satisfaction; nurse management; organizational justice; psychological contract; structural equation modelling