title: Eight weeks of supplementation with a multi-ingredient weight loss product enhances body composition, reduces hip and waist girth, and increases energy levels in overweight men and women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Numerous natural products are marketed and sold claiming to decrease body weight and fat, but few undergo finished product-specific research demonstrating their safety and efficacy.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the safety and efficacy of a multi-ingredient supplement containing primarily raspberry ketone, caffeine, capsaicin, garlic, ginger and Citrus aurantium (Prograde Metabolism™ [METABO]) as an adjunct to an eight-week weight loss program.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind design, 70 obese but otherwise healthy subjects were randomly assigned to METABO or a placebo and underwent 8 weeks of daily supplementation, a calorie restricted diet, and exercise training. Subjects were tested for changes in body composition, serum adipocytokines (adiponectin, resistin, leptin, TNF-α, IL-6) and markers of health including heart rate and blood pressure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 45 subjects who completed the study, significant differences were observed in: body weight (METABO -2.0% vs. placebo -0.5%, P < 0.01), fat mass (METABO -7.8 vs. placebo -2.8%, P < 0.001), lean mass (METABO +3.4% vs. placebo +0.8%, P < 0.03), waist girth (METABO -2.0% vs. placebo -0.2%, P < 0.0007), hip girth (METABO -1.7% vs. placebo -0.4%, P < 0.003), and energy levels per anchored visual analogue scale (VAS) (METABO +29.3% vs. placebo +5.1%, P < 0.04). During the first 4 weeks, effects/trends for maintaining elevated serum leptin (P < 0.03) and decreased serum resistin (P < 0.08) in the METABO group vs. placebo were also observed. No changes in systemic hemodynamics, clinical blood chemistries, adverse events, or dietary intake were noted between groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  METABO administration is a safe and effective adjunct to an eight-week diet and exercise weight loss program by augmenting improvements in body composition, waist and hip girth. Adherence to the eight-week weight loss program also led to beneficial changes in body fat in placebo. Ongoing studies to confirm these results and clarify the mechanisms (i.e., biochemical and neuroendocrine mediators) by which METABO exerts the observed salutary effects are being conducted.
authors.affiliation: The Center for Applied Health Sciences, 4302 Allen Road, STE 120, Stow, OH, 44224, USA. hl@appliedhealthsciences.org.
authors.forename: Hector L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Lopez
authors.forename: Tim N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Ziegenfuss
authors.forename: Jennifer E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Hofheins
authors.forename: Scott M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Habowski
authors.forename: Shawn M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Arent
authors.forename: Joseph P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Weir
authors.forename: Arny A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Ferrando