title: Energy content of municipal solid waste bales.
abstract: Baling technology is a preferred method for temporary storage of municipal solid waste (MSW) prior to final disposal. If incineration is intended for final disposal of the bales, the energy content of the baled MSW gains importance. In this study, nine cylindrical bales containing a mix of different waste materials were constructed and several parameters, including total carbon (TC), total organic carbon (TOC), total Kjeldahl nitrogen, moisture content, loss on ignition, gross calorific value and net calorific value (NCV) were determined before the baling and at the end of 10 months of storage. In addition, the relationships between the waste materials and the energy contents of the bales were investigated by the bivariate correlation analyses. At the end, linear regression models were developed in order to forecast the decrease of energy content during storage. While the NCVs of the waste materials before the baling ranged between 6.2 and 23.7 MJ kg(-1) dry basis, they ranged from 1.0 to 16.4 MJ kg(-1) dry basis at the end of the storage period. Moreover, food wastes exhibited the highest negative correlation with NCVs, whereas plastics have significant positive correlation with both NCVs and TCs. Similarly, TOCs and carbon/nitrogen ratios decreased with the increase in food amounts inside the bales. In addition, textile, wood and yard wastes increase the energy content of the bales slightly over the storage period.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Kocaeli, Izmit, Kocaeli, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ismail
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ozbay
authors.forename: Ertan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Durmusoglu
mesh_terms: D012037:Refuse Disposal; D062611:Solid Waste
chemical_list: D062611:Solid Waste
keywords: Municipal solid waste (MSW); combustibility of wastes; energy content of wastes; waste baling; waste incineration