title: Emerging treatments in chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.
abstract: Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is a concern for many cancer patients. It can have an enormous impact on quality of life. CINV occurring in the first 24 hours after treatment is considered acute, and CINV occurring on days 2 through 5 after treatment is considered delayed. Anticipatory nausea and depression can also occur when patients are reminded of their chemotherapy treatment. CINV can lead to weight changes, fatigue, and the need for additional medications. Even mild to moderate CINV can increase health care utilization and costs, as well as delay treatment. Nausea and vomiting are separate events, although their mechanisms are entwined. Drugs that stop vomiting do not necessarily treat nausea. Control of CINV allows patients to complete treatment and to minimize use of health care resources and additional medications. Current antiemesis agents, such as 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 (5-HT3) antagonists and neurokinin-1 (NK-1) antagonists, have markedly decreased hospitalization for chemotherapy and have nearly eliminated acute emesis. The second-generation 5-HT3 receptor palonosetron has a unique pharmacology that makes it especially effective at preventing delayed emesis.
authors.affiliation: The University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA.
authors.forename: Steven M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Grunberg
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Slusher
authors.forename: Hope S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Rugo
mesh_terms: D000494:Allosteric Regulation; D000932:Antiemetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007546:Isoquinolines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009325:Nausea / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D064729:Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists; D000077924:Palonosetron; D011725:Pyridines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011812:Quinuclidines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D044406:Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT3 / Q000378:metabolism; D012701:Serotonin / Q000378:metabolism; D058831:Serotonin 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014839:Vomiting / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control; D010879:Piperazines; D044482:Benzeneacetamides
chemical_list: D000932:Antiemetics; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D007546:Isoquinolines; D064729:Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists; D000077924:Palonosetron; D011725:Pyridines; D011812:Quinuclidines; D044406:Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT3; D012701:Serotonin; D058831:Serotonin 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists; C508854:netupitant; D010879:Piperazines; D044482:Benzeneacetamides