title: Doppler study and evidences of perfusion changes in the ophthalmic artery of pregnant smokers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the ophthalmic artery (OA) perfusion of pregnant smokers and nonsmokers by Doppler indexes. Correlate these with the interval of last cigarette, cigarettes per day, years smoking and carbon monoxide expired (COex).
  
  
  METHODS
  Transversal study involving 70 pregnant smokers divided into 33 pregnant who smoked until 2 h: A group (AG) and B group (BG): 37, who smoked between 2 and 24 h before test. Control group (CG) was composed of 51 pregnant nonsmokers. Doppler indexes were assessed: PSV (Peak Systolic Velocity), EDV (End Diastolic Velocity), PI (Pulsatility Index), RI (Resistance Index) and PR (Peak Ratio). Groups were compared using ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis test, Student's t test, Mann-Whitney and Pearson's correlation coefficient, whereas p < 0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RI and PI were higher (p < 0.01) and PSV and EDV were lower (p < 0.05) in B group compared to other groups. A group presented higher PR (p < 0.01) compared to control. AG presented years of smoking, cigarettes per day, COex greater than BG and lower interval of last cigarette than BG.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The OA in pregnant smokers shows a biphasic pattern of perfusion correlated with the time of consumption of the last cigarette. There are signs of vasoconstriction and hypoperfusion to tobacco exposure between 2 and 24 and hyperperfusion in A Group compared to B Group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrasonography of the Federal University of Uberlandia , Uberlandia , Brasil and.
authors.forename: Maria Marta Bini Martins
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Paes
authors.forename: Angélica Lemos Debs
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Diniz
authors.forename: Ana Paula Lino
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Jorge
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D009880:Ophthalmic Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult