title: Cardiohepatic interactions in heart failure: an overview and clinical implications.
abstract: Heart failure (HF) is a major public health problem leading to frequent hospitalizations, impaired quality of life, and shortened life expectancy. Heart failure leads to a chronic inability to meet metabolic requirements of end organs or skeletal muscle. Current literature lacks comprehensive descriptions of HF effects on hepatic function. In this review paper, we summarize the literature that is available in hopes of highlighting the key differences in clinical presentation, histological findings, and biochemical profiles of patients who present with both acute and chronic liver injury secondary to HF. We further discuss the use of liver function tests as prognostic markers in patients with HF, as well as the implications of liver injury on drug metabolism in this patient population. Finally, we provide recommendations regarding the management of both types of liver injury in HF patients.
authors.affiliation: Duke Clinical Research Institute and the Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Marc D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Samsky
authors.affiliation: Duke Clinical Research Institute and the Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina. Electronic address: chetan.patel@duke.edu.
authors.forename: Chetan B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Duke Clinical Research Institute and the Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Tracy A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: DeWald
authors.affiliation: Duke Clinical Research Institute and the Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Alastair D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Duke Clinical Research Institute and the Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
authors.forename: G Michael
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Felker
authors.affiliation: Duke Clinical Research Institute and the Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Joseph G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.affiliation: Duke Clinical Research Institute and the Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Adrian F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Hernandez
mesh_terms: D000418:Albumins / Q000378:metabolism; D001663:Bilirubin / Q000378:metabolism; D002309:Cardiology / Q000379:methods; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000293:injuries; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000418:Albumins; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase; D001663:Bilirubin