title: Characteristics of male adolescent-onset hallux valgus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several studies show that hallux valgus has a female preponderance and that approximately 50% of patients have an adolescent onset of deformity. However, little is known about male adolescent-onset hallux valgus. We evaluated the radiologic characteristics and the result of deformity correction in male adolescent-onset hallux valgus (MAHV).
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated 31 feet with MAHV that received corrective osteotomies (16 scarf, 11 distal chevron, 4 proximal chevron, and 21 Akin). The patients' mean age was 22 years. Using standard weight-bearing radiographs, we measured hallux valgus angle (HVA), intermetatarsal angle (IMA), distal metatarsal articular angle (DMAA), proximal phalangeal angle (PPA), metatarsus adductus angle (MAA), and congruency, preoperatively and at an average of 21 months after surgery. We assessed the clinical outcome at follow-up with regard to patient satisfaction using the American Orthopedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) Hallux Metatarsophalangeal-Interphalangeal score.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean HVA, IMA, DMAA, and PPA decreased from 28.8, 12.0, 11.9, and 6.5 degrees to 10.9, 4.2, 9.7, and 6.3 degrees, respectively (P < .05). Preoperative congruency was 68% (21 of 31 feet). All feet had metatarsus adductus, and the mean MAA was 26.7 degrees. The mean AOFAS score increased from 64.3 to 92.7. Excellent and good satisfaction rate was 94% (29 of 31 feet). We had 2 complications: 1 patient with acute deep infection and 1 patient with complex regional pain syndrome type II accompanying neuralgia of the hallux.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most of the patients with MAHV had congruent first metatarsophalangeal joints consistent with increased MAA and DMAA. They also had high PPA and relatively lower IMA. Metatarsal osteotomy with lateral translation and phalangeal corrective osteotomy for MAHV was a reliable technique with successful outcomes and low complication rates.
  
  
  METHODS
  Level IV, retrospective case series.
authors.affiliation: Eulji University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ki Won
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: Jin Su
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ju Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Keun Woo
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Young Uk
authors.initials: YU
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Kyung Tai
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D006215:Hallux Valgus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008682:Metatarsal Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000379:methods; D011859:Radiography; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: adolescent; characteristic; correction; hallux valgus; male