title: Diabetic nephropathy: protective factors and a new therapeutic paradigm.
abstract: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its number has been increasing. CKD is a worldwide threat to health but the precise mechanism of this problem is not fully appreciated. It is believed that hyperglycemia is one of the most important metabolic factors in the development of DN. Multiple molecular mechanisms have been proposed to mediate hyperglycemia's adverse effects on kidney. To identify targets for therapeutic intervention, most studies have focused on understanding how abnormal levels of such metabolities cause DN. However, there have been few reports regarding endogenous renal protective factors. Thus, recognition of the importance of this could be providing a new perspective for understanding the development of DN and a new therapeutic paradigm to combat DN.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan. Electronic address: akiramima@clin.med.tokushima-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mima
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019610:Cytoprotection / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000628:therapy*; D054873:Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000502:physiology; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1 / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D054873:Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1
keywords: Angiopoietins; Diabetic nephropathy (DN); Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors; Endostatin; Glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1); Insulin; Insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1); Protein kinase C (PKC); Src homology-2 domain containing phosphatase-1 (SHP-1); Tumstatin; Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)