title: Biometry and spectral domain optical coherence tomography parameters in children with large cupping.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study is to investigate optic nerve head using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in children with large cupping.
  
  
  METHODS
  111 eyes (4-10 years) were divided into three groups according to the cup to disc ratio: group 1, ≤0.3; group 2, 0.4-0.6; and group 3, ≥0.7. The rim area, disc area, average cup to disc ratio, vertical cup to disc ratio, and cup volume were investigated using SD-OCT (Cirrus HD-OCT, Carl Zeiss, Jena, Germany), and the axial length and anterior chamber depth (ACD) were measured by IOL master (IOL master 500, Carl Zeiss, Jena, Germany). Next, we compared ocular biometry and SD-OCT between the three groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of group 1 was 6.48 ± 1.42 years, 7.00 ± 1.75 years in group 2, and 6.63 ± 1.82 years in group 3 (p = 0.370). A significant difference was seen in the spherical equivalent between the groups (p = 0.001). Group 2 had the most myopic refractive errors. As the cup to disc ratio increases, disc area, average cup to disc ratio, vertical cup to disc ratio, and cup volume increase significantly. When the results of ocular biometry and SD-OCT are adjusted for axial length, only disc area showed a significant correlation with cup to disc ratio (ACD: p = 0.473, rim area: p = 0.639, disc area: p = 0.005, and cup volume: p = 0.325).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Axial length is the key factor determining disc size, which in turn is important for determining cup to disc ratio. Normal children with large cupping should be examined for axial length, myopic refractive errors, and disc size.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Kim's Eye Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jong Jin
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Seung-Hee
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Baek
authors.forename: Ungsoo Samuel
authors.initials: US
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000867:Anterior Chamber / Q000473:pathology*; D058452:Axial Length, Eye / Q000473:pathology*; D001699:Biometry; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009216:Myopia / Q000175:diagnosis*; D009898:Optic Disk / Q000473:pathology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012029:Refraction, Ocular / Q000502:physiology; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology