title: Pharmacokinetic evaluation of nabiximols for the treatment of multiple sclerosis pain.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pain associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) is frequent, and frequently not alleviated by currently available drugs. Nabiximols is a combination of two plant cannabinoids administered via an oromucosal pump spray and approved in Canada for the treatment of intractable central neuropathic pain due to MS and intractable cancer pain. Nabiximols exerts its analgesic effects through its interaction with the endocannabinoid system to modulate pain transmission via pain networks.
  
  
  METHODS
  This review examines the characteristics of nabiximols, its pharmacokinetic properties and data on efficacy and tolerability in MS-related neuropathic pain. The authors, furthermore, provide information on the pharmacology and clinical data of nabiximols as neuropathic analgesic in MS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nabiximols is an appropriate therapy for pain patients who tend to be particularly resistant to pharmacological interventions. Its action depends on not only the local constellation of the endocannabinoid system signalling, but also the particular functional status of pain pathways and on the specific mechanism of neuropathic pain. It is therefore justifiable that further studies are initiated which aim to define the best responder profile and which explore the full potential of nabiximols in MS-related pain.
authors.affiliation: University of Nottingham, Academic Division of Clinical Neurology, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK. b
authors.forename: Radu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tanasescu
authors.forename: Cris S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Constantinescu
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002170:Canada; D002185:Cannabidiol / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002186:Cannabinoids / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D013759:Dronabinol / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D006801:Humans; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009437:Neuralgia / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D002186:Cannabinoids; D004338:Drug Combinations; D028321:Plant Preparations; D002185:Cannabidiol; D013759:Dronabinol; C587251:nabiximols