title: Effect of tube voltage on CT noise levels in different phantom sizes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of lowering tube voltage on dose and noise in cylindric water phantoms to optimize quality and decrease the radiation dose for body CT.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed CT on cylindric water phantoms with diameters of 10, 20, 25, and 30 cm, simulating the abdomen of an infant, child, adolescent, and adult. We used tube voltages of 120, 100, and 80 kVp. The CT dose index (32-cm reference) ranged from 1 to 10 mGy in 10- and 20-cm phantoms and from 2 to 20 mGy in the 25- and 30-cm phantoms. The noise was measured at the center and periphery of the scans. Central and peripheral doses were measured in 16- and 32-cm CT dose index phantoms, and the ratio of central to peripheral doses was calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the same noise levels, there was no significant increase in dose in 10-cm cylindric water phantoms when tube voltage was decreased to either 80 or 100 kVp. In 20-, 25-, and 30-cm phantoms, there was a 1-6% increase in dose when tube voltage was decreased to 100 kVp. Central-to-peripheral noise ratios increased 7-37% with increased phantom size. The measured peripheral dose increased as much as 5%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings support the practice of lowering tube voltage to 80 kVp for imaging of infants and to 100 kVp for imaging of older children. The increase in peripheral dose with decreased tube voltage is minimal and is unlikely to cause substantial change in the effective dose.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Radiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA. bkarmazy@iupui.edu
authors.forename: Boaz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Karmazyn
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Klahr
authors.forename: S Gregory
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Jennings
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D049628:Body Size; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011835:Radiation Protection / Q000379:methods*; D011874:Radiometry; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D059629:Signal-To-Noise Ratio; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*