title: Skin autofluorescence as proxy of tissue AGE accumulation is dissociated from SCORE cardiovascular risk score, and remains so after 3 years.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Skin autofluorescence (SAF), as a proxy of AGE accumulation, is predictive of cardiovascular (CVD) complications in i.a. type 2 diabetes mellitus and renal failure, independently of most conventional CVD risk factors. The present exploratory substudy of the Groningen Overweight and Lifestyle (GOAL)-project addresses whether SAF is related to Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) risk estimation (% 10-year CVD-mortality risk) in overweight/obese persons in primary care, without diabetes/renal disease, and if after 3-year treatment of risk factors (change in, Δ) SAF is related to ΔSCORE.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a sample of 65 participants from the GOAL study, with a body mass index (BMI) >25-40 kg/m2, hypertension and/or dyslipidemia, but without diabetes/renal disease, SAF and CVD risk factors were measured at baseline, and after 3 years of lifestyle and pharmaceutical treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline, the mean SCORE risk estimation was 3.1±2.6%, mean SAF 2.04±0.5AU. In multivariate analysis SAF was strongly related to age, but not to other risk factors/SCORE. After 3 years ΔSAF was 0.34±0.45 AU (p<0.001). ΔSAF was negatively related to Δbodyweight but not to ΔSCORE%, or its components. At follow-up, SAF was higher in 11 patients with a history of CVD compared to 54 persons without CVD (p=0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Baseline and 3-year-Δ SAF are not related to (Δ)SCORE, or its components, except age, in the studied population. ΔSAF was negatively related to Δweight. As 3-year SAF was higher in persons with CVD, these results support a larger study on SAF to assess its contribution to conventional risk factors/SCORE in predicting CVD in overweight persons with low-intermediate cardiovascular risk.
authors.forename: Ans H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Tiessen
authors.forename: Willemein
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jager
authors.forename: Nancy C W
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: ter Bogt
authors.forename: Frank W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Beltman
authors.forename: Klaas
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: van der Meer
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Broer
authors.forename: Andries J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Smit
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced