title: Nanoarchitectured electrochemical cytosensors for selective detection of leukemia cells and quantitative evaluation of death receptor expression on cell surfaces.
abstract: The variable susceptibility to the tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) treatment observed in various types of leukemia cells is related to the difference in the expression levels of death receptors, DR4 and DR5, on the cell surfaces. Quantifying the DR4/DR5 expression status on leukemia cell surfaces is of vital importance to the development of diagnostic tools to guide death receptor-based leukemia treatment. Taking the full advantages of novel nanobiotechnology, we have developed a robust electrochemical cytosensing approach toward ultrasensitive detection of leukemia cells with detection limit as low as ~40 cells and quantitative evaluation of DR4/DR5 expression on leukemia cell surfaces. The optimization of electron transfer and cell capture processes at specifically tailored nanobiointerfaces and the incorporation of multiple functions into rationally designed nanoprobes provide unique opportunities of integrating high specificity and signal amplification on one electrochemical cytosensor. The high sensitivity and selectivity of this electrochemical cytosensing approach also allows us to evaluate the dynamic alteration of DR4/DR5 expression on the surfaces of living cells in response to drug treatments. Using the TRAIL-resistant HL-60 cells and TRAIL-sensitive Jurkat cells as model cells, we have further verified that the TRAIL susceptibility of various types of leukemia cells is directly correlated to the surface expression levels of DR4/DR5. This versatile electrochemical cytosensing platform is believed to be of great clinical value for the early diagnosis of human leukemia and the evaluation of therapeutic effects on leukemia patients after radiation therapy or drug treatment.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China.
authors.forename: Tingting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Jia-Ju
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Lihui
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.forename: Minjin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Jun-Jie
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Zi-Chun
authors.initials: ZC
authors.lastname: Hua
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D004566:Electrodes; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry*; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006735:Horseradish Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay; D007938:Leukemia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D008550:Melatonin / Q000494:pharmacology; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000737:chemistry; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D053218:Receptors, Death Domain / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D053218:Receptors, Death Domain; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; C000499:ferric oxide; D002244:Carbon; D006046:Gold; D006735:Horseradish Peroxidase; D008550:Melatonin; D009584:Nitrogen