title: Broad based tissue uptake of polycationic near-infrared polymeric nanoparticles in living mice.
abstract: A near infrared (NIR) fluorescent polymeric nanoparticle, commercialized under the name X-Sight 761 (X761), was tested for compatibility with pre-clinical in vivo imaging applications. In one experiment, an optical clearance profile was obtained by performing whole animal fluorescence imaging over the course of 48 hours on mice injected intravenously with X761. In a second trial, a temporal biodistribution was assessed by conducting necropsy and ex vivo analysis of X761 tissue accumulation at selected time points over a 48 hours period after i.v. injection. Taken together, the data demonstrate a sustained distribution of X761 into all major tissues over the time course, with an extremely low net clearance from the animal. This unique behavior is attributed to cell uptake mediated by the polycationic surface of X761. These properties negate the use of X761 as a reporter within a classical targeted molecular probe construct, in which selective concentration at a target site and rapid clearance from background tissues are needed to develop contrast. Nevertheless, the brightness and stability of X761 is well suited for a range of other applications, ranging from broad based in vivo drug delivery to in vitro fluorescence assays.
authors.affiliation: Carestream Molecular Imaging, Carestream Health Inc., 4 Research Drive, Woodbridge, CT 06525, USA.
authors.forename: Sean P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Orton
authors.forename: Andrew D G
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Van Praagh
authors.forename: Joan C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Potenza
authors.forename: Hans F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Schmitthenner
authors.forename: William E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: McLaughlin
authors.forename: W Matthew
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Leevy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002412:Cations; D005453:Fluorescence; D051379:Mice; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D009928:Organ Specificity / Q000187:drug effects*; D011108:Polymers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared; D013997:Time Factors; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D002412:Cations; D011108:Polymers