title: Nematicidal activity of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid purified from Terminalia nigrovenulosa bark against Meloidogyne incognita.
abstract: In this study, the 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (3,4-DHBA) from Terminalia nigrovenulosa bark (TNB) was purified and its in vitro nematicidal activity was investigated against Meloidogyne incognita. The purification of 3,4-DHBA used a silica gel column and Sephadex LH-20 chromatography combined with thin-layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. Structural identification of the 3,4-DHBA was conducted using (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), (13)C NMR, and liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Nematicidal activity bioassays revealed that 3,4-DHBA treatment resulted in 33.3, 47.5, 72.5 and 94.2% J2 mortality at 0.125, 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/ml, respectively after 12 h incubation. J2 mortality was increased significantly (P < 0.0001) with increasing incubation time in the range of 54.2-94.2% from 3 to 9 h after incubation with 3,4-DHBA (1.0 mg/ml), but with no significant difference observed where the incubation time was increased from 9 to 12 h. The 3,4-DHBA treatment resulted in 33.3, 65.0, 76.7 and 85.0% hatch inhibition at 0.125, 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/ml, respectively, 3 days after incubation. Changes in the shape of the eggs were determined after incubation for 1 day with a 3,4-DHBA concentration of 1.0 mg/ml.
authors.affiliation: Division of Applied Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture (IEFA), College of Agricultural and Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Dang-Minh-Chanh
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Dong-Jun
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Kil-Yong
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ro-Dong
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Dong-Hyun
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Yeon-Soo
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Tae-Hwan
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Woo-Jin
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Jung
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000871:Anthelmintics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001681:Biological Assay; D002850:Chromatography, Gel; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002855:Chromatography, Thin Layer; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D024301:Plant Bark / Q000737:chemistry; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; D016019:Survival Analysis; D029766:Terminalia / Q000737:chemistry*; D014431:Tylenchoidea / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D015053:Zygote / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000871:Anthelmintics; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates; C009091:protocatechuic acid