title: Phthalates: European regulation, chemistry, pharmacokinetic and related toxicity.
abstract: Phthalates are chemicals widely used in industry and the consequences for human health caused by exposure to these agents are of significant current interest. Phthalate toxicity targets the reproductive and respiratory systems primarily, but they also may be involved in the processes of carcinogenesis and even in autism spectrum disorders. This article discusses the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in organ toxicity of phthalates; furthermore, pharmacokinetic, chemistry and the European regulation are summarized.
authors.affiliation: Chair of Pharmacology, Science of Health Department, School of Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Italy.
authors.forename: Pasquale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ventrice
authors.forename: Domenica
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ventrice
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Russo
authors.forename: Giovambattista
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: De Sarro
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003257:Consumer Product Safety / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D005060:Europe; D033161:Government Regulation; D006801:Humans; D010795:Phthalic Acids / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D010795:Phthalic Acids; C032279:phthalic acid