title: Mucosal IgG4 cell infiltration in ulcerative colitis is linked to disease activity and primary sclerosing cholangitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The distribution of IgG4 plasma cells in colonic mucosa, its significance, and relation to disease activity in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is unclear. We systematically evaluated IgG4 cell distribution in colonic mucosal biopsies of patients with IBD and correlated histological findings with disease pattern and mucosal inflammation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed clinical records and pathology specimens of 54 randomly selected patients with IBD (13 Crohn's colitis: 7 active, 6 inactive; 18 ulcerative colitis [UC]: 10 active, 8 inactive; 23 UC with primary sclerosing cholangitis: 11 active colitis, 12 inactive colitis), and 11 controls (3 nonspecific diarrhea, 8 collagenous/lymphocytic colitis) who had colonoscopy and biopsies performed at our institution from April 2003 to July 2010. Immunostains for IgG4 were performed on archived rectal biopsies. Presence of >10 IgG4 cells per high-power field (×40 field) on microscopic evaluation was considered significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, significant IgG4 plasma cell infiltration was seen in 24% of patients compared with none of the controls (P = 0.05). Within IBD groups, significant infiltration was limited to patients with UC with active colitis (30%), primary sclerosing cholangitis with inactive (25%) and active (64%) colitis. In contrast, patients with Crohn's colitis, UC with inactive colitis, and controls had rare IgG4 plasma cells. No correlation was observed between the number of IgG4 cells and degree of active inflammation. In 4 patients with UC and primary sclerosing cholangitis who had more than 1 colonoscopy and biopsies, the number of IgG4 cells fluctuated without correlation with colonic disease activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IgG4 plasma cells are significantly increased in a subset of patients with IBD suggesting the possibility of a B-cell-mediated mechanism in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Raina
authors.forename: Dhiraj
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yadav
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Regueiro
authors.forename: Alyssa M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Krasinskas
authors.forename: Melissa I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Saul
authors.forename: Dee Ann M
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Sapienza
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Binion
authors.forename: Douglas J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Hartman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015209:Cholangitis, Sclerosing / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D003106:Colon / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D003113:Colonoscopy; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D010950:Plasma Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011379:Prognosis; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007074:Immunoglobulin G