title: Formulation optimization and evaluation of jackfruit seed starch-alginate mucoadhesive beads of metformin HCl.
abstract: The present study deals with the formulation optimization of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam., family: Moraceae) seed starch (JFSS)-alginate mucoadhesive beads containing metformin HCl through ionotropic gelation using 3(2) factorial design. The effect of sodium alginate to JFSS ratio and CaCl2 concentration on the drug encapsulation efficiency (DEE, %), and cumulative drug release at 10h (R10h, %) was optimized. The optimized beads containing metformin HCl showed DEE of 97.48±3.92%, R10h of 65.70±2.22%, and mean diameter of 1.16±0.11mm. The in vitro drug release from these beads was followed controlled-release (zero-order) pattern with super case-II transport mechanism. The beads were also characterized by SEM and FTIR. The swelling and degradation of these beads were influenced by pH of the test medium. The optimized beads also exhibited good mucoadhesivity and significant hypoglycemic effect in alloxan-induced diabetic rats over prolonged period after oral administration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Seemanta Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mayurbhanj 757086, Odisha, India.
authors.forename: Amit Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Nayak
authors.forename: Dilipkumar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pal
mesh_terms: D000464:Alginates / Q000737:chemistry*; D000496:Alloxan; D000818:Animals; D031622:Artocarpus / Q000737:chemistry*; D002122:Calcium Chloride / Q000737:chemistry; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D004339:Drug Compounding; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005782:Gels; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D008687:Metformin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*; D013213:Starch / Q000737:chemistry*; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D005782:Gels; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D014867:Water; D000496:Alloxan; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D013213:Starch; D008687:Metformin; D002122:Calcium Chloride