title: Multifunctional bone morphogenetic protein system in endocrinology.
abstract: New biological activities of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) in the endocrine system have recently been revealed. The BMP system is composed of approximately 30 ligands and preferential combinations of type I and type II receptors. The BMP system not only induces bone formation but also plays unique tissue-specific roles in various organs. For instance, the ovarian BMP system is a physiological inhibitor of luteinization in growing ovarian follicles. In the ovary, the expression of oocyte-derived BMP-15 is critical for female reproduction. In the pituitary, BMP-4 is a key player for initial development of the anterior pituitary, while it is also functionally involved in some differentiated pituitary tumors, including prolactinoma and Cushing's disease. In the adrenal glands, BMP-6 and BMP-4 modulate aldosterone and catecholamine production, respectively, which contributes to a functional interaction between the cortex and medulla. In the present review, recent advances in BMP biology in the field of endocrinology are described and the possibility for clinical application of BMP activity is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan. fumiotsu@md.okayama-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Fumio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Otsuka
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D004704:Endocrinology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006080:Ovarian Follicle / Q000502:physiology*; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013256:Steroids / Q000502:physiology; D015291:Transforming Growth Factors / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D013256:Steroids; D015291:Transforming Growth Factors