title: The evolution of Anammox performance and granular sludge characteristics under the stress of phenol.
abstract: The short- and long-term effects of phenol on anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) were evaluated. The short-term impact of phenol on Anammox activity was determined by a batch test, and an IC50 value of 678.2 mg L(-1) was calculated. Anammox granular sludge was equally seeded into two identical upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors (R0 and R1); synthetic wastewater without phenol was fed to R0 while with varied phenol was fed to R1 to study the long-term effects. The performance of R0 was stable, with a steadily rising nitrogen removal rate of 10.5-21.3 kg N m(-3)d ay(-1). However, the performance of R1 was significantly suppressed by an influent phenol concentration of 50 mg L(-1), and was recovered and stabilized by applying one or more control strategies. The phenol-mediated inhibition depressed the Anammox activity and biomass, and caused a change of stoichiometric ratios and granule characteristics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, PR China.
authors.forename: Guang-Feng
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Xia-Li
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Shen-Xing
authors.initials: SX
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jia-Hong
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Li-Xin
authors.initials: LX
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Ren-Cun
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Jin
mesh_terms: D018533:Biomass; D019149:Bioreactors; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry*; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000378:metabolism*; D012722:Sewage; D013312:Stress, Physiological
chemical_list: D010636:Phenols; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D012722:Sewage