title: Phase I trial of intraoperative detection of tumor margins in patients with HER2-positive carcinoma of the breast following administration of 111In-DTPA-trastuzumab Fab fragments.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Our aim was to conduct a Phase I clinical trial to determine the feasibility of intraoperative detection of tumor margins in HER2 positive breast carcinoma using a hand-held γ-probe following administration of (111)In-DTPA-trastuzumab Fab fragments. Accurate delineation of tumor margins is important for preventing local recurrence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six patients with HER2-positive in situ or invasive ductal carcinoma were administered 74MBq (0.5mg) of (111)In-DTPA-trastuzumab Fab fragments and counts in the tumor, surgical cavity wall and en face margins were measured intraoperatively at 72h post-injection using the Navigator or C-Trak γ-probes. Margins were evaluated histologically. Quantitative whole body planar imaging was performed to estimate radiation absorbed doses using OLINDA/EXM software. SPECT imaging of the thorax was performed to evaluate tumor uptake. The pharmacokinetics of elimination from the blood and plasma were determined over 72h.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no acute adverse reactions from (111)In-DTPA-trastuzumab Fab fragments and no changes in hematological or biochemical indices were found over a 3month period. (111)In-DTPA-trastuzumab Fab fragments exhibited a biphasic elimination from the blood and plasma with t1/2α=11.9h and 7.5h, respectively, and t1/2β=26.6 and 20.7h, respectively. The radiopharmaceutical accumulated in the liver, spleen and kidneys. SPECT imaging did not reveal tumor in any patient. The mean effective dose was 0.146mSv/MBq (10.8mSv for 74MBq). Counts in excised tumors were low but were higher than in margins. Margins in two patients harboured tumor but this was not correlated with counts obtained using the γ-probes. Surgical cavity counts were high and likely due to detection of γ-photons outside the surgical field.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that it was not feasible, at least at the administered amount of radioactivity used in this study, to reliably detect the margins of disease in patients with in situ or invasive ductal carcinoma intraoperatively using a hand-held γ-probe and (111)In-DTPA-trastuzumab Fab fragments due to low uptake in the tumor and involved margins.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada M4N 3M5. Claire.Holloway@sunnybrook.ca
authors.forename: Claire M B
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Holloway
authors.forename: Deborah A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Scollard
authors.forename: Curtis B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Caldwell
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ehrlich
authors.forename: Harriette J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kahn
authors.forename: Raymond M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Reilly
mesh_terms: D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007140:Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments / Q000737:chemistry*; D007205:Indium Radioisotopes; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D008875:Middle Aged; D004369:Pentetic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D011874:Radiometry; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D012449:Safety; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; D000068878:Trastuzumab
chemical_list: D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D007140:Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments; D007205:Indium Radioisotopes; D004369:Pentetic Acid; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D000068878:Trastuzumab; C508053:ERBB2 protein, human