title: Comparative analysis and distribution of pP9014, a novel drug resistance IncP-1 plasmid from Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida.
abstract: Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida, a causative agent of pseudotuberculosis, often harbours resistance plasmids (R plasmids) that facilitate horizontal gene transfer of drug resistance genes. R plasmid pP9014 was isolated from P. damselae subsp. piscicida and its complete nucleotide sequence was determined using Next Generation Sequencing technology. A protein network analysis was conducted to determine the relatedness of protein coding sequences, and ClustalW was used for the full nucleotide sequences. The occurrence of pP9014-like plasmids compared with pP99-018-like plasmids in a specific region was determined using probes for their transfer regions. pP9014 is 55851bp long with an overall GC content of 44.4% encoding 61 open reading frames (ORFs) including antimicrobial resistance genes and two conjugative transfer regions (Tra and Trb). The backbone showed highest similarity to Marinobacter adhaerens pHP-42 and Methylophaga sp. JAM7. pP9014 is similar to several IncP plasmids but forms a different subgroup. pP9014 is a unique plasmid in P. damselae subsp. piscicida and was not commonly found in drug-resistant P. damselae subsp. piscicida isolated from different areas and years in Japan. Plasmids similar to the previously reported pP99-018 are more widely distributed. This rarity suggests that plasmids similar to pP99-018 are more compatible with γ-proteobacteria. pP9014 is the first reported IncP-1 plasmid from fish pathogens. Its similarity to other IncP plasmids isolated from soil and human pathogens suggests that plasmids of the IncP-1 incompatibility group are vectors for the transfer of drug resistance genes among diverse environments.
authors.affiliation: Aquatic Biotechnology Center of WCU Project, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gajwa-dong, Jinju, Gyeongnam 660-710, South Korea.
authors.forename: Carmelo S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: del Castillo
authors.forename: Ho Bin
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Jun-Ichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hikima
authors.forename: Tae Sung
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Morii
authors.forename: Ikuo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hirono
authors.forename: Hidehiro
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: Chihiro
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kurosaka
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aoki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001482:Base Composition; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016366:Open Reading Frames; D010473:Perciformes / Q000382:microbiology; D010776:Photobacterium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010802:Phylogeny; D010957:Plasmids / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017385:Sequence Homology