title: [Identification characters of leaf morphological and venation pattern of Houttuynia cordata with its confused herb Gymnotheca chinensis].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the identification characters of Houttuynia cordata and its confused herb Gymnotheca chinensis and establish an identification method.
  
  
  METHODS
  LMVP (leaf morphological-venation pattern for identification Chinese herbs), and QAERM (quantitatively analyze and evaluate reliability for the method of identification Chinese herbs) were applied for the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both venations were brochidodromous-acrodromous and arising from the mid-petiole or the upper section of petiole. The main characteristic of the leaf of Houttuynia cordata: surface with small gray-white stoma protuberances; Ligulate process of stipule-petiole sheath were clear; Primary veins 7 or 5; The innermost pair of primary vein closed up the top of the sinus at blade base or above sinus, and the section of closed vein was straight; Emitted a smell of fish when fresh leaf was kneaded into pieces. The main feature of the leaf of Gymnotheca chinensis: no small gray-white stoma protuberances; Ligulate process of stipule-petiole sheath were not clear; Primary veins 5; The innermost pair of primary vein closed into the sinus at blade base, and the section of closed vein was slightly curve; No smell of fish. With the mentioned key differences, the both plants could be successfully identified from each other. The accuracy of identification results (AC) was 100%, the repeatability of identification results: agreement rate for observation (ARO) was 100% and Kappa value was 1.00.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The established method is simple, rapid, economic and reliable.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, China. 40450218@qq.com
authors.forename: Hai-Lin
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Yue-Kui
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Ding-Ying
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Chun-Ni
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Xiao-Chen
authors.initials: XC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Bao-Zuo
authors.initials: BZ
authors.lastname: He
mesh_terms: D004340:Drug Contamination; D052859:Houttuynia / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000145:classification / Q000254:growth & development; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000254:growth & development; D011786:Quality Control; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013045:Species Specificity; D041901:Stemonaceae / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000145:classification / Q000254:growth & development