title: Studies on tolfenamic acid-chitosan intermolecular interactions: effect of pH, polymer concentration and molecular weight.
abstract: Solid-state properties of tolfenamic acid (TA) and its complexes with chitosan (CT) have been studied. Effect of medium pH, molecular weight of polymer and its different concentrations on these TA-CT complexes were studied in detail. Low and medium molecular weight CT have been used in different ratios at pH ranging from 4 to 6 and freeze-drying technique has been employed to modify the appearance of crystalline TA. Physical properties of the formed complexes have been studied by employing X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy; chemical structure has been studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results showed that both forms of the polymer exhibited complete conversion in 1:8 ratio at pH 4, 1:4 at pH 5 and 1:1 at pH 6 indicating a marked effect of pH on drug-polymer complexation. The percent crystallinity calculations indicated low molecular weight CT slightly more effective than the other form. No changes in the complexes have been observed during the 12 week storage under controlled conditions. Both forms of CT at different pH values indicated retardation of recrystallization in TA during cooling of the melt from 1:1 ratios exhibiting formation of strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding between the drug and the polymer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, North Campus, Broad Lane, Sheffield, S3 7HQ, UK.
authors.forename: Sofia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: Muhammad Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sheraz
authors.forename: Ihtesham Ur
authors.initials: IU
authors.lastname: Rehman
mesh_terms: D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry*; D003460:Crystallization; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry*; D003890:Desiccation; D004337:Drug Carriers; D005615:Freezing; D006860:Hydrogen Bonding; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008970:Molecular Weight; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D062367:ortho-Aminobenzoates / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D004337:Drug Carriers; D062367:ortho-Aminobenzoates; C009500:tolfenamic acid; D048271:Chitosan