title: Co-occurrence of mycotoxins in swine feed produced in Portugal.
abstract: A total of 404 samples of commercial swine feed from Portugal feed mills were analysed by HPLC methods for the presence of mycotoxins: 277 samples of feed for fattening pigs were analysed for ochratoxin A (OTA), zearalenone (ZEA), and deoxynivalenol (DON), and 127 samples of feed for sows were analysed for ZEA and fumonisins (FB1 + FB2). Concerning feed for fattening pigs, 21 (7.6%) samples were positive for OTA, (2-6.8 μg/kg), 69 (24.9%) were positive for ZEA (5-73 μg/kg), and 47 (16.9%) were positive for DON (100-864 μg/kg). In feed for sows, the results showed 29.9% of positive samples for ZEA (5-57.7 μg/kg) and 8.7% positive samples for FB1 and FB2 (50-391.4 μg/kg). Co-occurrence of DON/ZEA was found most frequently, but simultaneous contamination with OTA/ZEA and OTA/DON was also found.
authors.affiliation: Direcção Geral de Veterinária, Largo da Academia Nacional de Bela Artes, no. 2, Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: Inês
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.forename: Hermínia Marina
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bernardo