title: Enriched CD161high CCR6+ γδ T cells in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the expression of CD161 (KLRB1) and CCR6 on human γδ T cells in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with a clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) and multiple sclerosis (MS) in relapse.
  
  
  METHODS
  Flow cytometry analysis of CD161 and CCR6 expression and intracellular cytokine staining for interleukin 17 and interferon-γ on human γδ T cells in blood and CSF samples.
  
  
  METHODS
  Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, a tertiary referral center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six patients with CIS/MS in active relapse, 10 patients with other autoimmune disorders, 12 patients with neuroinfectious diseases, and 15 patients with noninflammatory neurological diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Frequencies of CD161high and CCR6+ γδ T cells in blood and CSF samples of patients with CIS/MS in relapse and control patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  γδ T cells were increased in both blood and CSF of patients with CIS/MS in relapse as compared with controls with noninflammatory disease. The fraction of CD161high CCR6+ γδ T cells was significantly higher in the CSF of patients with CIS/MS in relapse than of those with systemic autoimmune disorders or controls with noninflammatory disease. The CD161high CCR6+ double-positive γδ T-cell population was further enriched in the CSF in relation to blood in patients with CIS/MS in relapse but not in patients with infectious disease or the other control groups. The CD161high CCR6+ γδ T-cell population was characterized by its capacity to produce interleukin 17.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Interleukin 17–producing CD161high CCR6+ γδ T cells might contribute to the compartmentalized inflammatory process in the central nervous system of patients with MS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Strasse 22, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Lucas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schirmer
authors.forename: Veit
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rothhammer
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hemmer
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Korn
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D055651:NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily B / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D016692:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D054399:Receptors, CCR6 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C106311:CCR6 protein, human; D020381:Interleukin-17; C527203:KLRB1 protein, human; D055651:NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily B; D016692:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta; D054399:Receptors, CCR6