title: Formulation and in vitro evaluation of clotrimazole gel containing almond oil and tween 80 as penetration enhancer for topical application.
abstract: Achieving a desirable percutaneous absorption of drug molecule is a major concern in formulating dermal and transdermal products. The use of penetration enhancers could provide a successful mean for this purpose. The aim of this study was to develop Clotrimazole gel and to evaluate the effect of almond oil and tween 80 (in different concentrations), on the permeation of drug through rabbit skin in vitro. In order to investigate the effect of penetration enhancers used in this study on the permeation of Clotrimazole through sections of excised rabbit skin, Franz diffusion cell was employed. Sample solution was withdrawn at specific time interval up to 24 h. Significant difference in permeation among the eight formulations was seen in the study. The permeation profile of various formulations also showed that the added enhancers in individual batches affected the permeation of the drug. Drug permeation increased with increased concentration of Tween 80 and decreased concentration of almond oil. Furthermore, almond oil combined with tween 80 showed synergistic effect. The clotrimazole gels were successfully formulated and could be beneficial for topical use.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KPK, Pakistan. suj55@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Asif
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nawaz
authors.forename: Syed Umer
authors.initials: SU
authors.lastname: Jan
authors.forename: Nauman Rahim
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Abid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.forename: Gul Majid
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Khan
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D003022:Clotrimazole / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry*; D005782:Gels / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D010539:Permeability; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry*; D011136:Polysorbates / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry*; D011817:Rabbits; D012869:Skin Absorption
chemical_list: D005782:Gels; D010938:Plant Oils; D011136:Polysorbates; C068582:almond oil; D003022:Clotrimazole