title: Evaluation of folate conjugated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for scintigraphic/magnetic resonance imaging.
abstract: The physical and chemical properties of the nanoparticles influence their pharmacokinetics and ability to accumulate in tumors. In this paper we report a facile method to conjugate folic acid molecule to iron oxide nanoparticles to increase the specific uptake of these nanoparticles by the tumor, which will be useful in targeted imaging of the tumor. The iron oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by alkaline co precipitation method and were surface modified with dextranto make them stable. The folic acid is conjugated to the dextran modified iron oxide nanoparticles by reductive amination process after the oxidation of the dextran with periodate. The synthesized folic acid conjugated nanoparticles were characterized for size, phase, morphology and magnetization by using various physicochemical characterization techniques such as transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry, dynamic light scattering and zetasizer etc. The quantification of the generated carbonyl groups and folic acid conjugated to the surface of the magnetic nanoparticles was done by colorimetric estimations using UV-Visible spectroscopy. The in vitro MR studies were carried out over a range of concentrations and showed significant shortening of the transverse relaxation rate, showing the ability of the nanoconjugate to act as an efficient probe for MR imaging. The biodistribution studies and the scintigraphy done by radiolabeling the nanoconjugate with 99mTc show the enhanced uptake at the tumor site showing its enhanced specificity.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organisation, Brig. S. K. Mazumdar Marg, Delhi 110054, India.
authors.forename: Ram Prakash
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Chauhan
authors.forename: Rashi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mathur
authors.forename: Gurjaspreet
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Ankur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaul
authors.forename: Narmada
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bag
authors.forename: Sweta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Hemanth
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Manoj
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Patra
authors.forename: Anil K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Mishra
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003911:Dextrans / Q000737:chemistry*; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D060306:Magnetometry; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D010316:Particle Size; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011817:Rabbits; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D055672:Static Electricity; D014018:Tissue Distribution / Q000187:drug effects; D014732:Vibration; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D003911:Dextrans; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; C000499:ferric oxide; D005492:Folic Acid; C065507:ferumoxides