title: West Nile virus and kidney disease.
abstract: West Nile virus (WNV), the causative agent of West Nile fever and West Nile neuroinvasive disease in humans, has become endemic in many countries in all continents. Concerns on long-term mobility from WNV have arisen from recent studies that reported chronic kidney disease in patients who recovered from WNV infection, supported by data from animal models that showed prolonged excretion of the virus with urine. The purpose of this review is to summarize and discuss the results of studies in the literature that investigated WNV infection of the kidney in humans and in animal models and WNV excretion with urine, the potential damage to the kidney caused by WNV infection, the risk of WNV disease in kidney transplant recipients, the significance of detecting WNV in urine and its use in the diagnosis of WNV infection, and kidney involvement by other mosquito-borne flaviviruses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via A. Gabelli 63, 35121 Padova, Italy. luisa.barzon@unipd.it
authors.forename: Luisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Barzon
authors.forename: Monia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pacenti
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Palù
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000821:virology*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy / Q000821:virology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014556:Urine / Q000821:virology; D014901:West Nile Fever / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy / Q000821:virology*; D014902:West Nile virus / Q000472:pathogenicity* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous