title: Quantitative analysis of vitreous and plasma concentrations of brilliant blue g after use as a surgical adjuvant in chromovitrectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure the concentration of brilliant blue G (BBG) in vitreous and plasma after use as a surgical adjuvant for staining and peeling of the internal limiting membrane to determine potential systemic adverse effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was designed as a prospective, interventional, clinical, case series. Five eyes from five patients with macular hole or epiretinal membrane underwent BBG-assisted internal limiting membrane and epiretinal membrane removal. The vitreous samples were obtained and stored at the end of surgery in all five cases. The plasma specimens were extracted and stored at the end of the operation, after 4 hours, and after 7 days post operation. For BBG analysis of plasma and vitreous, high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometric detection was used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Brilliant blue G was not detected in plasma from all five cases at the three points of measurement. The mean vitreous BBG concentration was 34.5 ± 23.7 ng/mL (range, 11.3-70.9 ng/mL). Postoperative progress was good, and adverse effects were not observed in any of the five cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Brilliant blue G, which remained at low levels in the vitreous cavity, was not found in the systemic blood flow after the operation. Thus, any adverse effects of systemic BBG would be avoided.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; and †Ohshima Hospital of Ophthalmology, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Enaida
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kumano
authors.forename: Akifumi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.forename: Shigeo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Shintaro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakao
authors.forename: Shinichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Numa
authors.forename: Takaaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsui
authors.forename: Tatsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishibashi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D019773:Epiretinal Membrane / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007202:Indicators and Reagents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology; D014821:Vitrectomy; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes; C004692:coomassie Brilliant Blue