title: An HMM-based algorithm for evaluating rates of receptor-ligand binding kinetics from thermal fluctuation data.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Abrupt reduction/resumption of thermal fluctuations of a force probe has been used to identify association/dissociation events of protein-ligand bonds. We show that off-rate of molecular dissociation can be estimated by the analysis of the bond lifetime, while the on-rate of molecular association can be estimated by the analysis of the waiting time between two neighboring bond events. However, the analysis relies heavily on subjective judgments and is time-consuming. To automate the process of mapping out bond events from thermal fluctuation data, we develop a hidden Markov model (HMM)-based method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The HMM method represents the bond state by a hidden variable with two values: bound and unbound. The bond association/dissociation is visualized and pinpointed. We apply the method to analyze a key receptor-ligand interaction in the early stage of hemostasis and thrombosis: the von Willebrand factor (VWF) binding to platelet glycoprotein Ibα (GPIbα). The numbers of bond lifetime and waiting time events estimated by the HMM are much more than those estimated by a descriptive statistical method from the same set of raw data. The kinetic parameters estimated by the HMM are in excellent agreement with those by a descriptive statistical analysis, but have much smaller errors for both wild-type and two mutant VWF-A1 domains. Thus, the computerized analysis allows us to speed up the analysis and improve the quality of estimates of receptor-ligand binding kinetics.
authors.affiliation: Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta 30318, USA.
authors.forename: Lining
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ju
authors.forename: Yijie Dylan
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.forename: Chien-Fu Jeff
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D007700:Kinetics; D008024:Ligands; D008390:Markov Chains; D019038:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIb-IX Complex / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding; D013696:Temperature; D014841:von Willebrand Factor / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D008024:Ligands; D019038:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIb-IX Complex; D014841:von Willebrand Factor