title: Risk assessment of aircraft noise on sleep in Montreal.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Estimate the number of awakenings additional to spontaneous awakenings, induced by the nighttime aircraft movements at an international airport in Montreal, in the population residing nearby in 2009.
  
  
  METHODS
  Maximum sound levels (LAS,max) were derived from aircraft movements using the Integrated Noise Model 7.0b, on a 28 x 28 km grid centred on the airport and with a 0.1 x 0.1 km resolution. Outdoor LAS,max were converted to indoor LAS,max by reducing noise levels by 15 dB(A) or 21 dB(A). For all grid points, LAS,max were transformed into probabilities of additional awakening using a function developed by Basner et al. (2006). The probabilities of additional awakening were linked to estimated numbers of exposed residents for each grid location to assess the number of aircraft-noise-induced awakenings in Montreal.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using a 15 dB(A) sound attenuation, 590 persons would, on average, have one or more additional awakenings per night for the year 2009. In the scenario using a 21 dB(A) sound attenuation, on average, no one would be subjected to one or more additional awakenings per night due to aircraft noise.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using the 2009 flight patterns, our data suggest that a small number of Montreal residents are exposed to noise levels that could induce one or more awakenings additional to spontaneous awakenings per night.
authors.affiliation: Département de santé environnementale et santé au travail, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC.
authors.forename: Louis-Francois
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Tétreault
authors.forename: Céline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Plante
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Perron
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goudreau
authors.forename: Norman
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: Audrey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Smargiassi
mesh_terms: D000401:Aircraft; D059028:Airports; D002170:Canada; D006801:Humans; D009624:Noise, Transportation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012111:Residence Characteristics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D014851:Wakefulness
keywords: Risk Assessment; aircraft; noise; sleep