title: Down-regulated lysosomal processing improved pegylated lipopolyplex-mediated gene transfection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nonviral lipid-based gene delivery vectors have been shown to possess better stability and a longer circulation time after surface poly(ethylene glycol) PEG modification. However, surface PEGylation may decrease the transfection efficiency dramatically. In the present study, we addressed the hypothesis that down-regulating lysosomal processing with a clinical available proton pump inhibitor omeprazole might decrease the sequestration of PEGylated Lipid-Mu-DNA (LMD) in intracellular organelles, thereby increasing their transfection efficiencies.
  
  
  METHODS
  LMD nanoparticles were prepared by the self-assembling of cationic liposomes, peptide Mu and plasmid DNA. The characteristics of LMD lipopolyplexes were detected by scanning electron microscopy, photon correlation spectroscopy and DNA gel electrophoresis. They were added to cultured cells with or without omeprazole pretreatment. The detailed cellular uptake and subcellular distribution were followed by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Gene transfection efficiencies were evaluated in four cell lines, as well as in xenograft tumor models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lysosome staining revealed that 0.1 mg/ml (290 μM) omeprazole raised the pH value of intracellular acidic organelles and induced alterations in the lysosomal compartments. Confocal microscopy showed that more gene materials distributed from intracellular organelles to cytoplasms with omeprazole treatment. A luciferase gene transfection assay showed that omeprazole (probably at a nontoxic concentration) increased PEGylated LMD transfection efficiency significantly in human (NCI-H1299, HT-1080 and A375) and mouse (4T1) cell lines, as well as in tumors of H1299 xenograft tumor models (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Omeprazole might be used as a helper to improve gene transfection efficiencies of some PEGylated gene delivery vectors both in vitro and in vivo.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. pharmbai@gmail.com
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.forename: Yujie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Wenqiang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Andrew D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Yuhong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D006801:Humans; D008081:Liposomes / Q000378:metabolism*; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D053758:Nanoparticles; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D014162:Transfection / Q000379:methods*; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous
chemical_list: D008081:Liposomes; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D004247:DNA