title: Comparison of cone beam CT scans with enhanced photostimulated phosphor plate images in the detection of root fracture of endodontically treated teeth.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Two-dimensional intraoral radiography is the most common tool for diagnosing root fractures (RFs). Cone beam CT (CBCT) is widely used to depict RFs in endodontically treated teeth. Beam hardening and other artefacts caused by gutta percha may result in an incorrect diagnosis when using CBCT only. A comparison of two CBCT machines with photostimulated phosphor (PSP) plate images enhanced with the equalization tool was carried out to detect RFs in endodontically treated teeth.
  
  
  METHODS
  66 roots were collected, decoronated and treated endodontically using the same technique with gutta percha. 33 of these roots were randomly selected and fractured; the 2 root fragments were glued together with 1 layer of methyl methacrylate and placed randomly in 8 prepared beef rib fragments. Large fields of view (FOVs) were acquired with one CBCT unit and small FOVs with the second CBCT unit. Periapical radiographs (using intraoral PSP plates) were also acquired. A contrast enhancement tool was used when evaluating the PSP plate images.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Small FOV images had significantly higher accuracy (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve) and sensitivity in detecting RFs than PSP plates and large FOV images. The specificity of the enhanced PSP images was higher than, although not significantly higher than, the small FOV images and was significantly higher than the large FOV images.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CBCT small FOVs should be acquired for depicting RFs of endodontically treated teeth. Images obtained using PSP plates had the lowest rate of false-positive results and their use can save the patient a radiation dose.
authors.affiliation: Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA. boulosbchara@hotmail.com
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bechara
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: McMahan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Noujeim
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Faddoul
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: F B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Geha
mesh_terms: D019540:Area Under Curve; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D006171:Gutta-Percha / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D015588:Observer Variation; D012372:ROC Curve; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement / Q000295:instrumentation; D016300:Radiography, Bitewing / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019252:Radiography, Dental, Digital / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013997:Time Factors; D014082:Tooth Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000293:injuries*; D019553:Tooth, Nonvital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014963:X-Ray Intensifying Screens
chemical_list: D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D006171:Gutta-Percha
keywords: cone-beam computed tomography; diagnosis; endodontics; root fracture