title: Detection of claudin-4 in salivary gland neoplasms (a study utilizing RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Claudins are transmembrane proteins of tight junctions emerging as targets for diagnosis, prediction of prognosis, disease recurrence, and metastasis. Our goal was to evaluate expression of claudin-4 in the most common benign and malignant salivary gland neoplasms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Claudin-4 gene levels and protein expression were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and immunohistochemistry in a total of 30 specimens containing normal salivary tissue, pleomorphic adenoma, Warthin's tumor, mucoepidermoid carcinoma, and adenoid cystic carcinoma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified down-regulation of claudin-4 gene levels and protein expression from normal control to benign salivary gland neoplasms and reached their lowest values in the malignant salivary gland neoplasms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low claudin-4 expression could be considered as a sign of increasing cellular disorientation and invasion of salivary gland tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Safa F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Abd El-Ghani
authors.forename: Rehab F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Kasem
authors.forename: Noha A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Ghallab
authors.forename: Olfat G
authors.initials: OG
authors.lastname: Shaker
mesh_terms: D000235:Adenolymphoma / Q000737:chemistry; D008949:Adenoma, Pleomorphic / Q000737:chemistry; D003528:Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology; D018277:Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology; D062506:Claudin-4 / Q000032:analysis*; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology; D015536:Down-Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012468:Salivary Gland Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry*; D012469:Salivary Glands / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: C568157:CLDN4 protein, human; D062506:Claudin-4; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm
keywords: oral cancer; salivary gland tumor