title: SHBG and endothelial function in older subjects.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endothelial dysfunction is predictor of cardiovascular diseases that have different prevalence in men and women before menopause. Sex hormones and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), novel risk factors for diabetes and cardiovascular diseases even in older individuals, might explain this difference. However, the relationship between these hormones and endothelial function has never been addressed in the elderly.
  
  
  RESULTS
  430 men and,424 women 70 years older of Prospective Study of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors study, with complete data on SHBG, testosterone(T), estradiol(E2), endothelium-independent vasodilation (EIDV), endothelium-dependent vasodilation(EDV), flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) and the pulse wave analysis (reflection index, RI) were evaluated. Multivariate regression analysis adjusted for confounders was used to assess the relationship between T, E2, SHBG and endothelial function. In men we found a positive relationship between SHBG and EDV (β ± SE 3.60 ± 0.83, p<0.0001), EIDV (2.42 ± 0.58, p<0.0001) but not with FMD. The relationship between SHBG and EDV and EIDV was maintained after adjustment for sex (1.64 ± 0.47, p<0.001 and 1.79 ± 0.35, p<0.0006, respectively). After adjustment for confounders, the relationship between SHBG and EDV and EIDV was still statistically significant (2.63 ± 0.90 and 1.86 ± 0.63, p = 0.004 for both). In women SHBG and EIDV were positively associated (1.58 ± 0.46; p = 0.0007), and this relationship was independent of sex (1.79 ± 0.35; p<0.001). No significant interaction SHBG * SEX was found for EIDV (p = 0.72). In a combined analysis in two sexes, SHBG and EIDV were positively associated (1.13 ± 0.45; p = 0.01). SHBG was not associated with EDV, FMD and RI. No significant relationship was found between T or E2 and EDV, EIDV, FMD or RI in both sexes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In older men SHBG, but not T and E2, is positively and independently associated with EDV in resistance arteries. In both sexes, SHBG was positively and independently associated with EIDV.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Geriatrics, Andrology, Osteometabolic, Endocrinology Unit, University of Parma, Italy; Geriatric Clinic Unit, Geriatric-Rehabilitation Department, University-Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy. Electronic address: marcellomaggio2001@yahoo.it.
authors.forename: Marcello
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maggio
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cattabiani
authors.forename: Fulvio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lauretani
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mantovani
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Buttò
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: De Vita
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Volpi
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Artoni
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Giallauria
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zuliani
authors.forename: Rosalia
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Aloe
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lippi
authors.forename: Graziano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ceresini
authors.forename: Tommy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cederholm
authors.forename: Gian Paolo
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Ceda
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lind
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin
keywords: Elderly; Endothelium; SHBG; Sex hormones