title: A new methodology for accurate 3-dimensional coronary artery reconstruction using routine intravascular ultrasound and angiographic data: implications for widespread assessment of endothelial shear stress in humans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop and validate a new methodology that allows accurate 3-dimensional (3-D) coronary artery reconstruction using standard, simple angiographic and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) data acquired during routine catheterisation enabling reliable assessment of the endothelial shear stress (ESS) distribution.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-two patients (22 arteries: 7 LAD; 7 LCx; 8 RCA) who underwent angiography and IVUS examination were included. The acquired data were used for 3-D reconstruction using a conventional method and a new methodology that utilised the luminal 3-D centreline to place the detected IVUS borders and anatomical landmarks to estimate their orientation. The local ESS distribution was assessed by computational fluid dynamics. In corresponding consecutive 3 mm segments, lumen, plaque and ESS measurements in the 3-D models derived by the centreline approach were highly correlated to those derived from the conventional method (r>0.98 for all). The centreline methodology had a 99.5% diagnostic accuracy for identifying segments exposed to low ESS and provided similar estimations to the conventional method for the association between the change in plaque burden and ESS (centreline method: slope= -1.65%/Pa, p=0.078; conventional method: slope= -1.64%/Pa, p=0.084; p =0.69 for difference between the two methodologies).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The centreline methodology provides geometrically correct models and permits reliable ESS computation. The ability to utilise data acquired during routine coronary angiography and IVUS examination will facilitate clinical investigation of the role of local ESS patterns in the natural history of coronary atherosclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Academic Unit, University of Hull, Kingston-upon-Hull, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Christos V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Bourantas
authors.forename: Michail I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Papafaklis
authors.forename: Lambros
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Athanasiou
authors.forename: Fanis G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Kalatzis
authors.forename: Katerina K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Naka
authors.forename: Panagiotis K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Siogkas
authors.forename: Saeko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Dimitrios I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Fotiadis
authors.forename: Charles L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Feldman
authors.forename: Peter H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Stone
authors.forename: Lampros K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Michalis
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017023:Coronary Angiography / Q000379:methods; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D058226:Plaque, Atherosclerotic / Q000175:diagnosis; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional / Q000379:methods