title: TNF-alpha -308G>A polymorphism is associated with suicide attempts in major depressive disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite the substantial role of the cytokine network in depression and suicide, few studies have investigated the role of genetic polymorphisms of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in suicide in major depressive disorder (MDD). The aim of this study was to investigate whether tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) -308G>A, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) +874A>T, and interleukin-10 (IL-10) -1082A>G are associated with increased risk for suicide attempts in MDD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Among patients with MDD, 204 patients who had attempted suicide and 97 control patients who had not attempted suicide were recruited. A chi-square test was used to identify a possible risk genotype or allele type for suicide. A subsequent multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate the influence of a risk genotype or allele type adjusted for other environmental factors. The lethality of the suicide attempt was also tested between genotype and allele types among suicidal patients with MDD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The GG genotype of the TNF-alpha -308G>A polymorphism was found to significantly increase risk for suicide attempt (adjusted OR=2.630, 95% CI=1.206 to 5.734). IFN-gamma +874A>T and IL-10 -1082A>G were not associated with risk for suicide. Lethality of the suicide attempt was not associated with any of the three cytokine genotypes or allele types.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Limitations include a relatively small sample size and a cross-sectional design.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TNF-alpha -308G>A polymorphism is an independent risk factor for suicide attempts in MDD. Future studies should clarify the neural mechanisms by which the GG genotype of TNF-alpha -308G>A influences suicide in MDD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yong-Ku
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jin-Pyo
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Jung-A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Heon-Jeong
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ho-Kyoung
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Bun-Hee
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Han-Yong
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Sang-Woo
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Hahn
authors.forename: Kyoung-Sae
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Na
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012307:Risk Factors; D059020:Suicidal Ideation; D013406:Suicide, Attempted; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10
keywords: Depression; Interferon-gamma; Interleukin-10; Suicide; Tumor necrosis factor-alpha