title: Mechanistic insights into copper-catalyzed Sonogashira-Hagihara-type cross-coupling reactions: sub-mol% catalyst loadings and ligand effects.
abstract: An efficient catalytic system for Sonogashira-Hagihara-type reactions displaying ligand acceleration in the copper-catalyzed formation of C(sp²)-C(sp) bonds is described. The structure of the ligand plays a key role for the coupling efficiency. Various copper sources show excellent catalytic activity, even in sub-mol% quantities. A wide variety of substituents is tolerated in the substrates. Mechanistic details have been revealed by kinetic measurements and DFT calculations.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52056 Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Liang-Hua
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.forename: Adam Johannes
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zuidema
authors.forename: Carsten
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bolm