title: Serum uric acid levels and incidence of impaired fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of cohort studies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A meta-analysis of cohort studies was conducted to assess the association between serum uric acid (SUA) levels and incidence of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
  
  
  METHODS
  A comprehensive search was conducted to identify eligible studies. The fixed or random effect pooled measure was selected based on between-study heterogeneity. Dose-response relationship was assessed by restricted cubic spline model and multivariate random-effect meta-regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve studies with fifteen results were included involving 6340 cases and 62,834 participants. The pooled multivariate-adjusted relative risk (RR) (95%CI) of IFG and T2DM for the highest vs. lowest level of SUA was 1.54 (1.41-1.68), I(2)=42.2%. The association was consistent and significant across subgroup analysis. A nonlinear relationship was found of SUA levels with incidence of IFG and T2DM (P<0.01), and the multivariate-adjusted RRs (95%CI) of IFG and T2DM were 1.02 (0.95-1.10), 1.04 (0.94-1.15), 1.10 (0.99-1.22), 1.25 (1.16-1.35), 1.43 (1.31-1.55), 1.50 (1.38-1.63) and 1.49 (1.34-1.67) for 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 5.5, 6.5, 7.5 and 8.5mg/dl of SUA. The RR (95%CI) of T2DM for the highest vs. lowest level of SUA was 1.67 (1.51-1.86), and a nonlinear relationship was also found between SUA levels and incidence of T2DM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SUA levels are positively associated with incidence of IFG and T2DM, and the association might be nonlinear.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China. Electronic address: jiazt1963@163.com.
authors.forename: Zhaotong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: 09 Grade 10 Class of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoqian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao 266021, China.
authors.forename: Shan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao 266021, China.
authors.forename: Yili
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014527:Uric Acid