title: Role of gastric mucus secretion, oxinitrergic system and sulfhydryl groups on the gastroprotection elicited by Polygala cyparissias (Polygalaceae) in mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study has aimed to assess the mechanisms of action for the gastroprotective effect of the acetone extract (PCAE) and methanol fraction (PCMF) of Polygala cyparissias, as well as to evaluate the activity of 1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxy-2,7-dimethoxyxanthone (1), 1,7-dihydroxy-2,3-dimethoxyxanthone (2) and astragalin (3).
  
  
  METHODS
  Gastric secretion and mucus content were determined by pylorus ligation in mice. Nitric oxide (NO) and sulfhydryl group participation were observed by the pretreatment of mice with L-NAME or NEM. Acute ulcer was induced by ethanol/HCl and chronic ulcer by acetic acid. Anti-Helicobacter pylori activity was evaluated by the agar solid dilution assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Neither PCAE nor PCMF had the ability to reduce H(+) concentration. However, both of them enhanced mucus secretion. PCAE demonstrated its gastroprotection in a NO-dependent manner, while PCMF exerted the activity depending on the sulfhydryl group. In chronic ulcer, the curative ratios for the PCAE and PCMF were 67.5 and 58.4%, respectively. No effect over H. pylori was detected. Compounds 1, 2 and 3 were able to reduce lesions in the order of 79.6, 73.8 and 67.6%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data suggested that PCAE and PCMF displayed antiulcer activity due to different mechanisms and with the participation of phenolic compounds obtained from the plant.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí-UNIVALI, Itajaí, Brazil. lcarlosk@gmail.com
authors.forename: Luiz Carlos
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Klein-Júnior
authors.forename: José Roberto
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Santin
authors.forename: Marivane
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lemos
authors.forename: Alessandro Conrado de Oliveira
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Silveira
authors.forename: Jady Alice Rodrigues
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.forename: Ana Paula
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Beber
authors.forename: Theodoro Marcel
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: Tania Mari Bellé
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Bresolin
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bella-Cruz
authors.forename: Valdir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cechinel-Filho
authors.forename: Sérgio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Faloni de Andrade
mesh_terms: D019342:Acetic Acid; D000818:Animals; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002908:Chronic Disease; D000431:Ethanol; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000187:drug effects; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid; D044949:Kaempferols / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051379:Mice; D009093:Mucus / Q000378:metabolism*; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D031801:Polygala / Q000737:chemistry*; D013270:Stomach / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D013276:Stomach Ulcer / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000378:metabolism*; D044004:Xanthones / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: C576943:1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxy-2,7-dimethoxyxanthone; C120436:1,7-dihydroxy-2,3-dimethoxyxanthone; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents; D044949:Kaempferols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D044004:Xanthones; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D000431:Ethanol; C001579:astragalin; D019342:Acetic Acid; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester