title: [Risk factors associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a case-control study].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish the factors associated with the presence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and evaluate the influence of each component constituting the metabolic syndrome (MS) and the risk of developing NAFLD.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a multicenter, population-based, observational, analytical study of cases and controls. A case was defined as any patient fulfilling the inclusion criteria and presenting NAFLD by abdominal echography for any reason. A control was randomly selected for each case, from the same health center and of the same age and sex. All the cases underwent anamnesis, physical examination, complete biochemical analyses and determination of MS according to the National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. All the controls also underwent an abdominal echography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We included 327 cases and 377 controls with a mean age of 56 ± 12 years for the cases and of 55 ± 13 years for the controls (range: 17 and 80 years); 52.0% of the cases were males and 49.1% of males were controls. The risk factors associated with NAFLD were obesity (odds ratio [OR] 3.82, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 2.19-6.66), MS (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.09-2.75), insulin resistance (OR 3.65, 95% CI 2.18-6.12), and an increase in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (OR 4.72, 95% CI 2.58-8.61) and gamma glutamyl transferase values (GGT) (OR 1.95, 95% CI 1.14-3.34). The components of the MS best predicting NAFLD were hyperglycemia (OR 1.65, 95% CI1.06-2.56) and triglyceride values (OR 1.75, 95% CI1.13-2.72).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The independent variables associated with NAFLD were obesity, insulin resistance and elevated ALT and GGT. The components of MS best predicting NAFLD were hyperglycemia and an increase in triglyceride values.
authors.affiliation: Centre d'Atenció Primària Premià de Mar, Direcció d'Atenció Primària Metropolitana Nord, Institut Català de la Salut, Premià de Mar, Barcelona, España; Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Metropolitana Nord, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària (IDIAP) Jordi Gol, Mataró, Barcelona, España; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, España. Electronic address: lcaballeria.bnm.ics@gencat.cat.
authors.forename: Llorenç
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Caballería
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Arteaga
authors.forename: Guillem
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pera
authors.forename: Lluís
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.forename: Alba
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alumà
authors.forename: Maria Antònia
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Auladell
authors.forename: Pere
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Torán
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000453:epidemiology; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D015228:Hypertriglyceridemia / Q000453:epidemiology; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology; D056128:Obesity, Abdominal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D014463:Ultrasonography; D055815:Young Adult; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D008074:Lipoproteins; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase; D000410:Alanine Transaminase
keywords: Abdominal echography; Diabetes; Ecografía abdominal; Hígado graso no alcohólico; Metabolic syndrome; Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; Obesidad; Obesity; Síndrome metabólico