title: Subacute effects of inhaled Jet Fuel-A (Jet A) on airway and immune function in female rats.
abstract: Two studies were conducted to assess the potential airway and immune effects following subacute (14 d) exposure of female rats to 500, 1000 or 2000 mg/m³ of Jet-A for 4 h/d. The first study used Sprague-Dawley rats; the second study included both Fischer 344 (F344) and Sprague-Dawley rats. In the first study, exposure to 2000 mg/m³ jet fuel may have caused significant upper airway inflammation on day 7 post-exposure, as indicated by elevated protein and lactate dehydrogenase in nasal lavage fluid, but any inflammation resolved by day 14 post-exposure. No significant impact on immune cell populations in the spleens was observed. The histological examination showed no evidence of infectious or toxic effect. In the second study, body weights of the F344 rats in the 2000 mg/m³ group were depressed, as compared to the controls, at the end of the exposure. Some lung lavage fluid markers were increased at 24 h after the final exposure, however, no test article-induced histological changes were observed in the lungs, nasal cavities, or any other tissue of any of the jet fuel exposed animals. Overall, these studies demonstrated limited evidence of effects of 14 d of exposure to Jet A on the airways, immune system, or any other organ or system of female Sprague-Dawley and F344 rats, with no remarkable differences between strains. The lack of identified significant airway or immune effects was in contrast to previous examinations of jet fuel for pulmonary toxicity in mice and rats and for immunotoxicity in mice.
authors.affiliation: Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Naval Medical Research Unit Dayton-NAMRU-D, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base-AFB, OH 45433-5707, USA. Lisa.sweeney.ctr@wpafb.af.mil
authors.forename: Lisa M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Sweeney
authors.forename: Susan L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Prues
authors.forename: James E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Reboulet
mesh_terms: D000118:Acetylglucosaminidase / Q000378:metabolism; D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000818:Animals; D001772:Blood Cell Count; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000378:metabolism; D054426:Chemokine CXCL2 / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005966:Glucuronidase / Q000378:metabolism; D006838:Hydrocarbons / Q000633:toxicity*; D007107:Immune System / Q000187:drug effects*; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D017817:Nasal Lavage Fluid; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D059551:Toxicity Tests, Subacute
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; C491766:Ccl2 protein, rat; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D054426:Chemokine CXCL2; C513296:Cxcl2 protein, rat; D006838:Hydrocarbons; C029662:JP5 jet fuel; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D005966:Glucuronidase; D000118:Acetylglucosaminidase