title: Minimal access surgery in newborns and small infants; five years experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess and present the outcome (initial experience and lessons learnt) of minimally invasive surgery for various indications in neonates and small infants (< 5 kg) at a single medical centre.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis was performed on 65 patients (age day 2 to 10 months) managed with minimal access surgery (MAS) for various indications, between 2005 and 2010. We analyzed demographic information, procedures, complications, outcomes, and follow-up and overall feasibility of the procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No serious complications except one death in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) (due to other comorbidities) occurred. Intra operative hypercarbia and hypoxia were observed more frequently in thoracoscopic procedures. Intra operative hypothermia was not common and was well tolerated. Conversion to open procedure (n = 5), post operative ileus (n = 3), port site infection (n = 5) were other complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MAS in neonates and small infants is a technically demanding but a feasible choice available. Some prior experience in older children is required for safe and effective outcome. Good quality optics, video equipments and instruments are required for safe and effective procedure. Intra operative measurement of oxygen saturation and temperature, and diligent post operative ICU care are mandatory for safe and successful outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, KEM Hospital and Seth G S Medical College, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Sandesh V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Parelkar
authors.forename: Sanjay N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Oak
authors.forename: Mitesh K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Bachani
authors.forename: Beejal V
authors.initials: BV
authors.lastname: Sanghvi
authors.forename: Rahul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Advait
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Prakash
authors.forename: Rajashekhar
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Patil
authors.forename: Subrat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sahoo
keywords: Infant; laparoscopy; less than 5 kg; minimal access surgery; neonate; thoracoscopy