title: Development of a reagentless electrochemiluminescent electrode for flow injection analysis using copolymerised luminol/aniline on nano-TiO2 functionalised indium-tin oxide glass.
abstract: In this study, a nano-structured copolymer of luminol/aniline (PLA) was deposited onto nano-TiO2-functionalised indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass by electrochemical polymerisation using cyclic voltammetry (CV). The resulting reagentless electrochemiluminescent (ECL) electrode (ECLode) can be used for flow injection analysis (FIA). The properties of the ECLode were characterised by CV, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The ECLode has high background ECL emission as well as excellent stability and reproducibility, and yielding sensitive response towards target analytes. The ECL emissions of the ECLode were 50 times higher than PLA/ITO, and 500 times higher than polyluminol (PL)/ITO. The ECLode showed sensitive responses to reactive oxygen species (ROSs), permitting its application for determination of antioxidants by quenching. Under optimised conditions, an absolute detection limit of 69.9 pg was obtained for resveratrol, comparable to the highest levels of sensitivity achieved by other methods. Thus, the gross antioxidant content of red wine was determined, with satisfactory recoveries between 87.6% and 108.3%. These results suggest a bright future for the use of the ECLode for single-channel FIA due to its high sensitivity, accuracy and reproducibility.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Soochow University, The Key Lab of Health Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Suzhou, Dushu Lake Higher Education Town, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, PR China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xiuhua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Yifeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tu
mesh_terms: D000814:Aniline Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004563:Electrochemistry; D004566:Electrodes; D017022:Flow Injection Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005898:Glass / Q000737:chemistry*; D007204:Indium / Q000737:chemistry; D049449:Luminescence; D008165:Luminol / Q000737:chemistry; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D015394:Molecular Structure; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000737:chemistry; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D000077185:Resveratrol; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D017971:Tin Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry; D014920:Wine / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000814:Aniline Compounds; D000975:Antioxidants; D011108:Polymers; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013267:Stilbenes; D017971:Tin Compounds; D007204:Indium; C009495:titanium dioxide; D008165:Luminol; D014025:Titanium; C045358:stannic oxide; D000077185:Resveratrol; C023650:aniline