title: Exaggerated blood pressure response during the exercise treadmill test as a risk factor for hypertension.
abstract: Exaggerated blood pressure response (EBPR) during the exercise treadmill test (ETT) has been considered to be a risk factor for hypertension. The relationship of polymorphisms of the renin-angiotensin system gene with hypertension has not been established. Our objective was to evaluate whether EBPR during exercise is a clinical marker for hypertension. The study concerned a historical cohort of normotensive individuals. The exposed individuals were those who presented EBPR. At the end of the observation period (41.7 months = 3.5 years), the development of hypertension was analyzed within the two groups. Genetic polymorphisms and blood pressure behavior were assessed as independent variables, together with the classical risk factors for hypertension. The I/D gene polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme and M235T of angiotensinogen were ruled out as risk factors for hypertension. EBPR during ETT is not an independent influence on the chances of developing hypertension. No differences were observed between the hypertensive and normotensive individuals regarding gender (P = 0.655), skin color (P = 0.636), family history of hypertension (P = 0.225), diabetes mellitus (P = 0.285), or hypertriglyceridemia (P = 0.734). The risk of developing hypertension increased with increasing body mass index (BMI) and advancing age. The risk factors, which independently influenced the development of hypertension, were age and BMI. EBPR did not constitute an independent risk factor for hypertension and is probably a preclinical phase in the spectrum of normotension and hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Saúde Coletiva, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Recife, PE, Brasil. sandrolima2002@gmail.com
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.forename: M F P M
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Albuquerque
authors.forename: J R M
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: C F J
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Ayres
authors.forename: J E G
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Cunha
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Lemos
authors.forename: M B R
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Barbosa e Silva
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000808:Angiotensinogen / Q000235:genetics; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000808:Angiotensinogen; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A