title: Animal models of human prostate cancer: the consensus report of the New York meeting of the Mouse Models of Human Cancers Consortium Prostate Pathology Committee.
abstract: Animal models, particularly mouse models, play a central role in the study of the etiology, prevention, and treatment of human prostate cancer. While tissue culture models are extremely useful in understanding the biology of prostate cancer, they cannot recapitulate the complex cellular interactions within the tumor microenvironment that play a key role in cancer initiation and progression. The National Cancer Institute (NCI) Mouse Models of Human Cancers Consortium convened a group of human and veterinary pathologists to review the current animal models of prostate cancer and make recommendations about the pathologic analysis of these models. More than 40 different models with 439 samples were reviewed, including genetically engineered mouse models, xenograft, rat, and canine models. Numerous relevant models have been developed over the past 15 years, and each approach has strengths and weaknesses. Analysis of multiple genetically engineered models has shown that reactive stroma formation is present in all the models developing invasive carcinomas. In addition, numerous models with multiple genetic alterations display aggressive phenotypes characterized by sarcomatoid carcinomas and metastases, which is presumably a histologic manifestation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. The significant progress in development of improved models of prostate cancer has already accelerated our understanding of the complex biology of prostate cancer and promises to enhance development of new approaches to prevention, detection, and treatment of this common malignancy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas 77030, USA. mittmann@bcm.edu
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ittmann
authors.forename: Jiaoti
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Radaelli
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Sabina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Signoretti
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: Brian W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Simons
authors.forename: Jerrold M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: Brian D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: Gerald C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Loda
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Borowsky
authors.forename: Robert D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Cardiff
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018450:Disease Progression; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D005818:Genetic Engineering / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D009518:New York; D009857:Oncogenes; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology*; D051381:Rats; D012955:Societies, Medical