title: Innovation in health economic modelling of service improvements for longer-term depression: demonstration in a local health community.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of the analysis was to develop a health economic model to estimate the costs and health benefits of alternative National Health Service (NHS) service configurations for people with longer-term depression.
  
  
  METHODS
  Modelling methods were used to develop a conceptual and health economic model of the current configuration of services in Sheffield, England for people with longer-term depression. Data and assumptions were synthesised to estimate cost per Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALYs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three service changes were developed and resulted in increased QALYs at increased cost. Versus current care, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) for a self-referral service was £11,378 per QALY. The ICER was £2,227 per QALY for the dropout reduction service and £223 per QALY for an increase in non-therapy services. These results were robust when compared to current cost-effectiveness thresholds and accounting for uncertainty.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cost-effective service improvements for longer-term depression have been identified. Also identified were limitations of the current evidence for the long term impact of services.
authors.affiliation: School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, UK. j.tosh@sheffield.ac.uk
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tosh
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kearns
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brennan
authors.forename: Glenys
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Parry
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ricketts
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Saxon
authors.forename: Alexis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kilgarriff-Foster
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thake
authors.forename: Eleni
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chambers
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hutten
mesh_terms: D003155:Community Mental Health Centers / Q000191:economics*; D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000191:economics*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D018803:Models, Economic; D009936:Organizational Innovation