title: Evaluation of acquired acid resistance of enamel surrounding orthodontic brackets irradiated by laser and fluoride application.
abstract: Demineralization of enamel around orthodontic brackets is a clinical problem which can lead to some esthetic concerns like white spot lesions. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of the Er, Cr:YSGG laser and fluoride application on the acid resistance of enamel adjacent to orthodontic brackets. A total of 60 healthy, permanent, human premolars were selected and bonded with brackets, then they were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 15): topical APF gel (1.23% F, pH 3.5, for 4 min); Er,Cr:YSGG laser (P:0.25 W, E:12.5 mJ, RR:20 Hz, PD:140 μs, 11% air, without water, for 10 s); fluoride + laser group (F + L), and control group (C). All specimens were demineralized for 10 days in a 0.2 M acetate buffer solution, and the calcium content were subsequently determined with atomic absorption spectrometry. There were significant differences between the calcium content of F + L and F group in comparison to control group. The least concentration of calcium was seen in F + L group, and the most value was observed in C group. Combination of Er, Cr:YSGG laser with fluoride and fluoride alone decreased enamel solubility significantly more than laser alone. In addition, combination of laser and fluoride leads to less consumption of fluoride amount. And patients can use it at the beginning of treatment instead of daily use of fluoride. So we suggest using it in preventing enamel demineralization around orthodontic brackets.
authors.affiliation: Dental Department, Laser Research Center in Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fekrazad
authors.forename: Leila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ebrahimpour
mesh_terms: D000143:Acids / Q000737:chemistry*; D001641:Bicuspid / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D002118:Calcium / Q000737:chemistry; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D005459:Fluorides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D053844:Lasers, Solid-State / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D010710:Phosphates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D017001:Tooth Demineralization / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000143:Acids; D010710:Phosphates; C012980:fluorophosphate; D005459:Fluorides; D002118:Calcium