title: Biomarkers for predicting the response of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma to neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy.
abstract: This review summarizes and evaluates the literature regarding the biomarkers for predicting the response and/or prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy (CRT). There are seven categories of molecules known to correlate with the response and/or prognosis: tumor suppressors (p53, p21), cell cycle regulators (Cyclin D1, CDC25B, 14-3-3sigma), DNA repair molecules (p53R2, ERCC1), drug resistance proteins [metallothionein (MT)], angiogenic factors (VEGF), molecules involved in cell proliferation/invasion/metastasis (Ki-67, COX-2) and hedgehog signaling molecules (Gli-1). Of the above molecules, the tumor suppressor p53 is expected to be a representative biomarker for predicting the response and prognosis. The cell cycle markers CDC25B and 14-3-3sigma have potential as response biomarkers independent of the p53 status. The DNA repair markers, p53R2 or ERCC1, angiogenic molecule (VEGF), and hedgehog signaling pathway factor Gli-1 also have potential to predict the response and prognosis of ESCC. However, there are still many unanswered questions with regard to predicting the clinical effects of neoadjuvant CRT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kagoshima University, Sakuragaoka 8-35-1, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan, hokumura@m.kufm.kagoshima-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okumura
authors.forename: Yasuto
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Uchikado
authors.forename: Tetsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Setoyama
authors.forename: Masataka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Tetsuhiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Owaki
authors.forename: Sumiya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ishigami
authors.forename: Shoji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Natsugoe
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000628:therapy*; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D059186:Chemoradiotherapy, Adjuvant; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000032:analysis; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D004720:Endonucleases / Q000032:analysis*; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000628:therapy*; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D015201:Meta-Analysis as Topic; D008668:Metallothionein / Q000032:analysis; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D011379:Prognosis; D012264:Ribonucleotide Reductases / Q000032:analysis*; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000032:analysis*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D008668:Metallothionein; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human; C405947:RRM2B protein, human; D012264:Ribonucleotide Reductases; C071447:ERCC1 protein, human; D004720:Endonucleases