title: Hospitalization for acute otitis media as a useful marker for disease severity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  An increase in severe complications to otitis media is a potential threat to antibiotic restrictions and is difficult to measure due to its low-prevalent nature. Easily accessible indicators sensitive to illness change are needed to benchmark the judicious use of antibiotics.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether there has been a constant increase of hospital admissions for acute otitis media after the year 2000.
  
  
  METHODS
  Registry-based study with complete data on hospitalization for acute otitis media and acute mastoiditis in Norway during 1999 to 2006.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean incidence rate for acute otitis media hospitalization was 22.4 per 10,000 children and peak incidence in the second year of life 52.2 per 10,000 children. Corresponding mean incidence rate and peak incidence for acute mastoiditis were 1.5 and 3.5 per 10,000 children in the second year of life, respectively. There was a gradient increase of the incidence rates of acute otitis media hospitalization from the year 2000 to 2006 considering the Poisson regression model with a significant test of linear trend.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hospital admission for acute otitis media is prevalent enough to be a useful marker for otitis media severity and its distribution proportionate to that of acute mastoiditis.
authors.affiliation: From the *Department of Health Management and Health Economics, University of Oslo; †Research, Innovation and Education, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål; ‡Department of Otolaryngology, Ostfold Hospital Trust; and §Centre of Clinical Research, Unit of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Kari Jorunn
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Kvaerner
authors.forename: Marit Erna
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Austeng
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abdelnoor
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008417:Mastoiditis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*; D009664:Norway / Q000453:epidemiology; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*; D015995:Prevalence
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents