title: Effect of paracetamol use on the modification of the development of asthma by reactive oxygen species genes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent studies have identified an increase in the prevalence of asthma associated with paracetamol use.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify the relationship among asthma, biomarkers, genes, and paracetamol use in preschool children.
  
  
  METHODS
  We undertook a population-based, cross-sectional survey of 933 preschool children. Asthma status was classified according to medical history and asthmatic symptoms. History of paracetamol use in infancy was recorded. Impulse oscillometry, blood tests for eosinophils and total IgE, and genotyping of NAT2, Nrf2, and GSTP1 polymorphisms by TaqMan assay were conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Paracetamol use in infancy was associated with an increased risk of treatment for asthma within the previous 12 months. Paracetamol use together with a family history of asthma increased the risk of asthma diagnosis ever, current asthma, and treatment for asthma within the previous 12 months. Gene polymorphisms in NAT2 (rs4271002), Nrf2 (rd6726395), and GSTP1 (rd1695) increased the risk of treatment for asthma within the last 12 months. Eosinophils were significantly elevated in the group with paracetamol use and a family history of asthma; however, the serum total IgE level and IOS did not show any significant difference.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Paracetamol use in infancy was significantly associated with increased risk of asthma. The association is more significant in genetically susceptible children, related to antioxidant genes, and the effect may be mediated by eosinophilic inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Childhood Asthma Atopy Center, Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Han
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Young-Ho
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Hyung Young
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ju-Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Jung-Yong
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ji-Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Byoung-Ju
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hyo Bin
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: So Yeon
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Gwang Cheon
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Dae Jin
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Woo-Kyung
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jung Yeon
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.forename: Jae-Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Mi-Jin
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Ho-Sung
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Jinho
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Soo-Jong
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Hong
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001191:Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase / Q000235:genetics*; D001249:Asthma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008297:Male; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2 / Q000235:genetics*; D009991:Oscillometry; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D012306:Risk
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2; C495635:NFE2L2 protein, human; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D000082:Acetaminophen; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D001191:Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase; C478900:NAT2 protein, human; C496556:GSTP1 protein, human; D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi