title: Obesity and future prostate cancer risk among men after an initial benign biopsy of the prostate.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In general population studies, obesity has been associated with risk of high-grade prostate cancer, but little is known about obesity and future prostate cancer risk among men with an initial benign biopsy of the prostate; a high-risk population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Within a cohort of 6,692 men followed up after a biopsy or transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) with benign findings, a nested case-control study was conducted of 494 prostate cancer cases and controls matched on age, race, follow-up duration, biopsy versus TURP and date of procedure. Body mass index at the time of the initial procedure was abstracted from medical records, and initial biopsy specimens were reviewed for the presence of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Obesity was associated with the presence of PIN in the initial benign specimen [OR = 2.15; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13-4.11]. After adjustment for the matching variables, family history of prostate cancer, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels at the initial procedure, the number of PSA tests and digital rectal examinations during follow-up, obesity (OR = 1.57; 95% CI, 1.07-2.30) at the time of the initial procedure was associated with prostate cancer incidence during follow-up. Risk associated with obesity was confined to cases with follow-up less than 1,538 days, the median duration of follow-up among cases (OR = 1.95; 95% CI, 1.09-3.48).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Obesity is associated with the presence of PIN in benign specimens and with future prostate cancer risk after an initial benign finding.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Obesity may be a factor to consider when planning clinical follow-up after a benign biopsy.
authors.affiliation: Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, Rm 714, New York, NY 10032, USA. Agr3@Columbia.edu
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rundle
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jankowski
authors.forename: Oleksandr N
authors.initials: ON
authors.lastname: Kryvenko
authors.forename: Deliang
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Benjamin A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Rybicki
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008824:Michigan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D018426:SEER Program