title: Utilities for advanced basal cell carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Most incidences of basal cell carcinoma are cured by a number of surgical or non-surgical treatments. However, a few patients have lesions which have metastasized or progressed to an extent that surgery or other treatment options are not possible. The lesions associated with advanced basal cell carcinoma (aBCC) can be disfiguring, affecting patients' psychological state, general quality-of-life (QoL), and potentially life expectancy. The objective of this study was to capture societal utility values for health states related to aBCC, using the time trade-off (TTO) methodology.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine health states were developed with input from expert clinicians and literature. States included: complete response (CR), post-surgical, partial response (PR) (with differing sized lesions [2 or 6 cm]), stable disease (SD) (with differing size and number of lesions [2 or 6 cm, or multiple 2 cm]) and progressive disease (PD) (with differing sized lesions [2 or 6 cm]). A representative sample of 100 members of the UK general public participated in the valuation exercise. The TTO method was used to derive utility values based upon subjects' responses to decision scenarios; between living in the health state for 10 years or living in a state of full health for 10-x years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean utility scores were calculated for each state. The least burdensome state as valued by subjects was CR (mean = 0.94; SD = 0.08), suggesting only a minimal impact on QoL. The state valued as having a greatest impact on QoL was PD, with a 6 cm lesion (mean = 0.67, SD = 0.25).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Not all possible presentations of aBCC were included; the disease is a challenging condition to characterise given its rarity, the nature of the patients affected, and its variable progression. Findings suggest that aBCC is associated with significant burden for individuals, even when their disease is stable or where surgical treatment has been successful.
authors.affiliation: Oxford Outcomes, An ICON plc Company, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK. sarah.shingler@oxfordoutcomes.com
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Shingler
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Garside
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Samanta
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Lear
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Keohane
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Lloyd
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001294:Attitude to Health; D002280:Basal Cell Carcinoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D036301:Qualitative Research; D011788:Quality of Life; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D006113:United Kingdom; D055815:Young Adult