title: Serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 as an indicator of liver metastasis in colorectal carcinoma cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The liver is the organ to which colorectal carcinomas (CRCs) most commonly metastasize, and surgical resection has been established as the most effective and potentially curative treatment for CRC with liver metastasis (LM). Therefore, surveillance of LM is vital for improvement of prognosis of CRC patients. In this study, we aimed to explore the potential value of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and marker enzymes in indicating LM with CRC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three groups of eligible patients with metastatic cancers were retrospectively included: CRC patients with LM (CRC-LM) or without LM (CRC- NLM), and non-CRC patients with LM (NCRC-LM). All metastatic lesions were identified by CT or MRI. Data on characteristics of the patients, the primary site, the locations of metastasis, CA 19-9, CEA, and biochemical parameters were collected for analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 493 patients were retrospectively included. More alcohol consumption was found in CRC-LM than CRC-NLM. Some biochemical enzymes were found to be significantly higher in groups with LM than without (CRC-LM or NCRC-LM v.s CRC-NLM). Both CEA and CA 19-9 were much higher in CRC-LM than CRC-NLM or NCRC-LM. For CRC patients, CA 19-9, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, CEA and alcohol consumption were identified as independent factors associated with LM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our analysis suggested the CA 19-9 might be a potential valuable indicator for LM of CRC in the clinic.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China. liujiyan1972@163.com
authors.forename: Hang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Long-Hao
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Hai-Tao
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Men
authors.forename: Wu-Xia
authors.initials: WX
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Cong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Ji-Yan
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D018395:CA-19-9 Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen / Q000097:blood; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006884:Hydroxybutyrate Dehydrogenase / Q000097:blood; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000097:blood; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000556:secondary*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018395:CA-19-9 Antigen; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D006884:Hydroxybutyrate Dehydrogenase; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase