title: Isolation, identification and characterization of a novel Ralstonia sp. FD-1, capable of degrading 4-fluoroaniline.
abstract: A gram-negative strain, designated as FD-1, isolated from aerobic activated sludge was capable of metabolizing 4-fluoroaniline (4-FA) as its sole carbon and nitrogen source and energy supply. According to the Biolog GNIII detection method 17 of 71 carbon substrates were easily utilized, while 12 of 23 substrates did not inhibit strain FD-1. The 16S rDNA sequence from strain FD-1 was 99 % similar to Ralstonia sp., suggesting that it belonged to the genus Ralstonia. The optimal conditions for growth and 4-FA degradation were pH 7 and 30 °C. The tolerance to 4-FA were 1,250 mg/L, while the tolerance to salinity was 15 g/L. Catechol 2,3-dioxygenase activity was detected and degradation intermediates were analyzed by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry leading to a proposed degradation pathway and suggesting that extradiol cleavage was involved in 4-FA degradation. This is the first report on the degradation of 4-FA by a bacterium from the Ralstonia genus.
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, 198 Jiaogong Rd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, dualx@yahoo.cn.
authors.forename: Erxi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Meizhen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Dongsheng
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shen
mesh_terms: D000814:Aniline Compounds / Q000378:metabolism*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D050557:Catechol 2,3-Dioxygenase / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D003470:Culture Media; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007700:Kinetics; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D010802:Phylogeny; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D043367:Ralstonia / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012722:Sewage / Q000382:microbiology; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D013696:Temperature; D014871:Water Microbiology
chemical_list: D000814:Aniline Compounds; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D003470:Culture Media; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D012722:Sewage; C043455:4-fluoroaniline; D050557:Catechol 2,3-Dioxygenase