title: Clinical validation of the gastrointestinal NET grading system: Ki67 index criteria of the WHO 2010 classification is appropriate to predict metastasis or recurrence.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the WHO 2010 classification, the neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are subdivided by their mitotic index or Ki67 index into either G1 or G2 NETs. Tumors with a Ki67 index of <2% are classified as G1 and those with 3-20% are classified as G2. However, the assessment of tumors with Ki67 index of greater than 2% and less than or equal to 3% is still unclear. To resolve the problem, we validated the Ki67 index criteria of gastrointestinal NETs of the WHO 2010 classification.
  
  
  METHODS
  The medical records of 45 patients who were pathologically diagnosed as having NET G1/G2 of the gastrointestinal tract were analyzed retrospectively. According to the WHO 2010 classification, Ki67 index were calculated. Computer-assisted cytometrical analysis of Ki67 immunoreactivity was performed using the WinRooF image processing software. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to determine the best discriminating Ki67 index. To clarify the assessment of tumors with Ki67 index between 2-3%, the calculated cutoff of Ki67 index was evaluated using Fisher's exact test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ROC curve analysis confirmed that 2.8% was the best Ki67 index cutoff value for predicting metastasis or recurrence. The sensitivity of the new Ki67 index cutoff was 42.9%, and the specificity was 86.8%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Division of NETs into G1/G2 based on Ki67 index of 3% was appropriate to predict metastases or recurrences. The WHO grading system may be the most useful classification to predict metastases or recurrences.
  The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1553036118943799.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical and Molecular Pathology, Dokkyo Medical University, Shimotsuga, Tochigi, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujimori
authors.forename: Shigeki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tomita
authors.forename: Kazuhito
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ichikawa
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mitomi
authors.forename: Kazuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohno
authors.forename: Yosuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shida
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kato
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005770:Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / Q000145:classification* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008940:Mitotic Index / Q000379:methods; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D018358:Neuroendocrine Tumors / Q000145:classification* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism; D011379:Prognosis; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014944:World Health Organization
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen