title: Health care costs for patients with cancer at the end of life.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  With rising health care costs in the United States, clearly defined end-of-life (EOL) cancer costs are needed to help health administrators proactively manage this important care. Our objective was to examine EOL health care resource costs among oncology patients in a US commercial insurance population.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective claims database affiliated with OptumInsight was analyzed. Included patients had: a medical claim with cancer diagnosis between July 1, 2002, and December 31, 2009; death on or before December 31, 2009; continuous enrollment with medical/pharmacy benefits from diagnosis until death; ≥ 180 follow-up days; and active cancer in the last 6 months before death (MBD). Death was captured from facility discharge codes or Social Security Administration death files. Costs were determined by summing paid amounts on all services utilized within the last 6 MBD: cancer-related inpatient (IP) stays, cancer- related hospice care, and cancer-related outpatient (OP) services (ie, chemotherapy, erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, granulocyte colony-stimulating factors, radiation, cancer-related office or emergency room visits, cancer-related hospital OP procedures, and other services with cancer diagnosis).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 28,530 patients met inclusion criteria. Mean total cancer-related costs in the last 6 MBD were $74,212 (standard deviation, $112,740), comprising IP costs of $40,702 (55%), OP costs of $30,254 (41%), and hospice costs of $3,256 (4%). OP costs decreased from $6,021 in the sixth MBD to $2,238 in the last MBD, whereas IP care costs increased from $1,785 to $20,559. Hospice utilization increased from 0.7% in the sixth MBD to 35.6% in the last MBD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oncology costs increase in the last 6 MBD largely because of increased IP costs, whereas OP costs decrease.
authors.affiliation: OptumInsight, 12125 Technology Dr MN002-0258, Eden Prairie, MN 55344, USA. benjamin.chastek@optum.com
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chastek
authors.forename: Carolyn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Harley
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kallich
authors.forename: Lee
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Newcomer
authors.forename: Carly J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Paoli
authors.forename: April H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Teitelbaum
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000553:Ambulatory Care / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006302:Health Services Research / Q000379:methods; D017051:Hospice Care / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000191:economics* / Q000628:therapy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013727:Terminal Care / Q000191:economics*; D014481:United States