title: [Cognitive functions in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Meta-analysis].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diabetes has been repeatedly associated with a wide variety of cognitive impairments.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To clarify the differences in cognitive dysfunctions between the two types of diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Metaanalysis was performed using databases of Medline, PubMed and ScienceDirect (3 studies with type 1 and 6 with type 2 diabetes).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adults with type 1 diabetes showed lower performance than control subjects in all fields. The effect size had the highest value in psychomotor activity (D = -0.69). The effect size was small for delayed verbal memory (D = -0.48), attention (D = -0.47), language (D = -0.44), visual processing (D = -0.35), immediate verbal memory (D = -0.30), working memory (D = -0.27) and executive functions (D = -0.26). Adults with type 2 diabetes showed lower performance than control subjects in all cognitive domains, except for working memory (D = +0.03). The effect size had the highest value in immediate verbal memory (D = -1.12), psychomotor activity (D = -0.82) and delayed verbal memory (D = -0.81). The effect size was moderate for general intellectual abilities (D = -0.68) and small for general memory (D = -0.37), attention (D = -0.35), language (D = -0.35), visual processing (D = -0.33) and executive functions (D = -0.33).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both types of diabetes are associated with reduced performance in numerous cognitive domains.
authors.affiliation: Babeş-Bolyai Tudományegyetem, Pszichológia és Neveléstudományi Kar Alkalmazott Pszichológia Tanszék, Kolozsvár.
authors.forename: Kinga
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kálcza-Jánosi
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lukács
authors.forename: László
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Barkai
authors.forename: István
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Szamosközi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention; D003071:Cognition; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000523:psychology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000523:psychology*; D056344:Executive Function; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008568:Memory; D057567:Memory, Long-Term; D008570:Memory, Short-Term; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D021641:Recognition, Psychology; D013028:Space Perception; D014706:Verbal Learning
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human