title: Ongoing requirement for pacing post-transcatheter aortic valve implantation and surgical aortic valve replacement.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is an established intervention for aortic stenosis. While it is known that the requirement for permanent pacing is higher following CoreValve (Medtronic, Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA) TAVI than after surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR), it remains uncertain whether pacing is required in the medium-to-long term. We hypothesized that complete heart block following TAVI is more likely to resolve than that following SAVR.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis of prospectively collated data on 528 patients undergoing TAVI or SAVR from May 2008 to December 2010 at a cardiac tertiary referral hospital. Demographic data, timing and indication for pacing post-procedure plus follow-up were recorded. Paced patients were compared and analysed by existing initial indication for pacing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 31 (5.9%) patients received a pacemaker, and there were limited differences between not paced and paced patient characteristics by procedure type. Of these, a greater proportion were implanted post-TAVI compared with SAVR (17 vs 3.2%, P<0.001). The mean time to pacemaker follow-up for TAVI and SAVR was 234 and 188 days, P=0.32, respectively. Fewer patients compared with pacing indication remained in complete heart block at latest follow-up for TAVI (76.5 vs 33.3%, P=0.02) and SAVR (92.9 vs 58.3%, P=0.04). Although, there was a trend towards a greater magnitude of TAVI patients regaining atrioventricular nodal conduction, this did not differ significantly from that seen in SAVR patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In keeping with previous reports, this single-centre experience demonstrates that patients undergoing TAVI have higher rates of pacemaker implantation than those following SAVR. However, pacing indication in the short-to-medium term may not persist for all paced patients post-TAVI and -SAVR with the suggestion that a significant proportion recover atrioventricular conduction, which tended to be greatest in TAVI paced patients.
authors.affiliation: The Yorkshire Heart Centre, Leeds, UK. simmsy@doctors.org.uk
authors.forename: Alexander D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Simms
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Hogarth
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Hudson
authors.forename: Victoria L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Worsnop
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Blackman
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: O'Regan
authors.forename: Muzahir H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Tayebjee
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001021:Aortic Valve / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D001024:Aortic Valve Stenosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D004739:England; D005260:Female; D006327:Heart Block / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D062606:Tertiary Care Centers; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Aortic stenosis; Aortic valve implantation; Permanent pacing; Transcatheter aortic valve implantation; Valvular heart disease