title: Effect of a Garcinia gardneriana (Planchon and Triana) Zappi hydroalcoholic extract on melanogenesis in B16F10 melanoma cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Garcinia gardneriana (Planchon and Triana) Zappi (Clusiaceae) is popularly called "bacopari" in southern Brazil. The leaves of this plant are traditionally used to treat skin disorders.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluated the effects of a hydroalcoholic extract of Garcinia gardneriana leaves (HEGG) on B16F10 murine melanoma cells in order to search for new depigmenting agents.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effects of HEGG were assessed in melanin content assays in B16F10 melanoma cells compared with the reference drug kojic acid (500mM). Melanin content was measured after spontaneous melanogenesis, UVB-induced melanogenesis and melanogenesis induced by α-MSH. At the same time, cell viability assays were conducted. Intracellular and mushroom tyrosinase activity assays were employed to evaluate the effect of HEGG on tyrosinase activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HEGG decreased the level of melanin under all three experimental conditions of melanin content evaluation without reducing cell viability. In intracellular tyrosinase assays, the enzyme's activity was reduced about 19% with extract concentrations ranging 0.1-10µg/mL. In the mushroom tyrosinase activity assay a maximal inhibition of 35% (1000µg/mL) was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that HEGG inhibition relates to its tyrosinase activity. Therefore, the hydroalcoholic extract of Garcinia gardneriana shows great potential for use as a depigmenting agent in hyperpigmentation disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CEP 80210-170, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Patrícia Mazureki
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Campos
authors.forename: Cíntia Delai da Silva
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Horinouchi
authors.forename: Arthur da Silveira
authors.initials: Ada S
authors.lastname: Prudente
authors.forename: Valdir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cechinel-Filho
authors.forename: Daniela de Almeida
authors.initials: Dde A
authors.lastname: Cabrini
authors.forename: Michel Fleith
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Otuki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry; D029760:Garcinia; D008543:Melanins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008546:Melanoma, Experimental; D051379:Mice; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D008543:Melanins; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012997:Solvents; D000431:Ethanol; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase