title: Nuclear receptors in inflammation control: repression by GR and beyond.
abstract: Inflammation is a protective response of organisms to pathogens, irritation or injury. Primary inflammatory sensors activate an array of signaling pathways that ultimately converge upon a few transcription factors such as AP1, NFκB and STATs that in turn stimulate expression of inflammatory genes to ultimately eradicate infection and repair the damage. A disturbed balance between activation and inhibition of inflammatory pathways can set the stage for chronic inflammation which is increasingly recognized as a key pathogenic component of autoimmune, metabolic, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders. Nuclear receptors (NRs) are a large family of transcription factors many of which are known for their potent anti-inflammatory actions. Activated by small lipophilic ligands, NRs interact with a wide range of transcription factors, cofactors and chromatin-modifying enzymes, assembling numerous cell- and tissue-specific DNA-protein transcriptional regulatory complexes with diverse activities. Here we discuss established and emerging roles and mechanisms by which NRs and, in particular, the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) repress genes encoding cytokines, chemokines and other pro-inflammatory mediators.
authors.affiliation: Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021, United States.
authors.forename: Yurii
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chinenov
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gupte
authors.forename: Inez
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rogatsky
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D018925:Chemokines / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D016384:Consensus Sequence; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000502:physiology; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid / Q000502:physiology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D018925:Chemokines; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid
keywords: Glucocorticoid receptor; Inflammation; Nuclear receptors; Transcriptional repression