title: Osteopontin gene SNPs (rs9138, rs11730582) mediate susceptibility to external root resorption in orthodontic patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  External apical root resorption (EARR) is a frequent iatrogenic effect of orthodontic treatment. Substantial variability in responses to postorthodontic EARR has been observed among patients even when similar treatment protocols were used. This observation suggests that environmental and/or genetic variations between individuals may confer susceptibility or resistance to developing EARR. The objective of this study is to determine whether variants in the osteopontin gene, an essential mediator in the odontoclast fusion and attachment process, are positively/negatively associated with postorthodontic EARR.
  
  
  METHODS
  Genetic screening of eighty-seven orthodontic patients was performed for two polymorphisms in the osteopontin gene cluster (rs9138 and rs11730582). Subjects were divided into groups, according to the presence or absence of EARR (>2 mm). Genotype distributions and allelic frequencies were calculated using the chi-square test. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the extent to which clinical-related parameters interfered with the EARR. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals were also calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data from this study show that subjects heterozygous and homozygous for the most frequent allele of the osteopontin gene at position 89261521 [OR: 0.035 (P = 0.035*) (allele A)] and 89253600 [OR: 0.20 (P = 0.025*) (allele T)], respectively, are protected against postorthodontic EARR. Nevertheless, a highly significant association was found in the comparative analysis of homozygous subjects [2/2 (CC)] for the osteopontin gene (rs9138), resulting in an increased risk of suffering postorthodontic EARR[OR: 4.10; P = 0.045*; CI: 95%]. Subjects who were homozygous [2/2 (CC)] for the osteopontin gene (rs11730582) were more likely, and to a greater extent, to be affected with EARR [OR: 11.68; P < 0.039*; CI: 95%] compared with other genotypes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Variations in the osteopontin gene (rs9138 and rs11730582) are determinants of a genetic predisposition to suffer EARR secondary to orthodontic treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iglesias-Linares
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Yañez-Vico
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Moreno-Fernández
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mendoza-Mendoza
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Orce-Romero
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Solano-Reina
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009971:Orthodontics, Corrective / Q000009:adverse effects*; D053495:Osteopontin / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012391:Root Resorption / Q000235:genetics*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D053495:Osteopontin
keywords: external root resorption; orthodontics; osteopontin