title: Concentration-dependent inhibition of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and heterocyclic amines in heated ground beef patties by apple and olive extracts, onion powder and clove bud oil.
abstract: The effects of plant compounds on Escherichia coli O157:H7 and two major heat-induced heterocyclic amines (HCAs) MeIQx and PhIP in grilled ground beef patties were determined. Ground beef with added apple and olive extracts, onion powder, and clove bud oil was inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 (10⁷ CFU/g) and cooked to reach 45 °C at the geometric center, flipped and then cooked for another 5 min. Cooled samples were taken for microbiological and HCA analyses. Olive extract at 3% reduced E. coli O157:H7 to below detection. Reductions of up to 1 log were achieved with apple extract. Olive and apple extracts reduced MeIQx by up to 49.1 and 50.9% and PhIP by up to 50.6 and 65.2%, respectively. Onion powder reduced MeIQx and PhIP by 47 and 80.7%, respectively. Inactivation of E. coli O157:H7 and suppression of HCAs in grilled meat were achieved by optimized amounts of selected plant compounds.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Science and Microbiology, University of Arizona, 1117 E. Lowell Street, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
authors.forename: Liliana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rounds
authors.forename: Cody M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Havens
authors.forename: Yelena
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Feinstein
authors.forename: Mendel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.forename: Sadhana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ravishankar
mesh_terms: D000588:Amines / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002417:Cattle; D045783:Clove Oil; D003296:Cooking; D004032:Diet; D019453:Escherichia coli O157 / Q000187:drug effects*; D005516:Food Microbiology; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D019684:Magnoliopsida; D027845:Malus; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis* / Q000382:microbiology; D031658:Olea; D019697:Onions; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000494:pharmacology*; D027842:Syzygium
chemical_list: D000588:Amines; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D045783:Clove Oil; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds; D028321:Plant Preparations