title: [Carpal dynamic stability mechanisms. Experimental study].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate, experimentally in cadavers, the effect of the motor muscles in the wrist in the kinetic behaviour of the carpal, under axial load, and the wrist in a neutral position.
  
  
  METHODS
  The changes in the spatial orientation of the carpal bones were recorded with a movement trajectory gauge that functions with electromagnetic fields. A total of 30 fresh cadaver wrists were used, in which the principal motor tendons were isolated and subjected to loads proportional to the area of the physiological section of each muscle. The experiment was performed under isometric load conditions of all the tendons, and separately from each tendon.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The simultaneous load of all the tendons studied caused a three-dimensional change of the carpal bones. The flexor carpi radialis led to supination of the scaphoids and pronation of the pyramidal. Conversely, the isolated load of the flexor carpi ulnaris, abductor pollicis longus and the extensor carpi radialis longus, caused a supination movement of the 2 carpal rows. Only the extensor carpi ulnaris led to a marked pronation of the carpal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The forearm muscles, as well as the movements of the wrist, cause pronation/supination/supination, flexion/extension and radial/cubital inclination movements. It is proposed that the most important movements in the dynamic stabilisation of the carpal are the intercarpal pronation and supination movements provoked by these muscles. Depending on the carpal injury mechanism or instability, the stimulating of one muscle group or the other may be beneficial.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Cirugía de la Mano y Microcirugía, Hospital Son Llàtzer, Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, España. gsalva@ibacma.com
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Salvà Coll
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Garcia-Elias
authors.forename: Á
authors.initials: Á
authors.lastname: Lluch Bergadà
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: León López
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Llusá Pérez
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rodríguez Baeza
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002102:Cadaver; D050824:Carpal Joints / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology; D013710:Tendons / Q000502:physiology*; D016474:Weight-Bearing / Q000502:physiology