title: Clinical course and visual outcome in patients with diabetes mellitus and uveitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We report the clinical course and visual outcome of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) who subsequently developed uveitis from any cause.
  
  
  METHODS
  Longitudinal, retrospective case note review.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 36 patients (M/F: 18/18, 58 eyes) were included, Of the 36 patients, 35 had Type 2 DM and one had Type 1 DM. Mean age of onset of DM was 49 years and uveitis 55 years. The uveitis was bilateral in 22 (61%) patients. There were 19 patients with anterior uveitis, 12 with panuveitis and 5 with intermediate uveitis. Mean follow up was 4.4 years (range 1-18). Mean number of uveitis recurrences was 3 (range 1-7). Causes of vision of 6/18 or worse appeared related to the uveitis in 9 eyes and diabetes in 4 eyes. Cataract occurred in 22 eyes, glaucoma in 17 eyes, and cystoid macular oedema in 10 eyes. Diabetic retinopathy was detected in 38 (65.5%) eyes (29 non-proliferative including 6 with clinically significant macular oedema, and 9 proliferative). Progression of diabetic retinopathy to proliferative stage occurred in 7 eyes of 4 patients over a mean duration of 4.4 years. In 10 patients with active uveitis the mean HbA1c was 80 mmol/mol [9.5%], (range 49-137 [6.6-14.7]), and 67 mmol/mol [8.3%] (range 46-105 [6.4-11.8]) when the uveitis was quiescent, p = 0.01. Better glycaemic control was required in 10 patients during episodes of uveitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with DM who develop uveitis may have a high complication rate, reduced vision and poor glycaemic control. Checking blood glucose during episodes of uveitis is important.
authors.forename: Kadambari S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Oswal
authors.forename: Ramesh R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Sivaraj
authors.forename: Philip I
authors.initials: PI
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: Panagiota
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stavrou
mesh_terms: D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014605:Uveitis / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014792:Visual Acuity
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human