title: An analysis of relapse prevention factors and their ability to predict sustained abstinence following treatment completion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study assessed the role of 14 specific relapse-prevention activities and their underlying factors in maintaining abstinence among subjects (N = 302) completing outpatient treatment for stimulant dependence.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined what broader dimensions might subsume the 14 items constituting the Drug Avoidance Activities checklist (Farabee et al. J Subst Abuse Treat 2002;23:343-350), and how well these derived factors predicted concurrent drug use at baseline and again 3 and 12 months later.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although four factors were identified consistently for the three time points, only avoidance strategies had sufficient internal consistency to be retained for further analysis. Controlling for age, gender, and ethnicity, the avoidance subscale was a significant predictor of UA results at all time periods: a one-point increase in the avoidance strategies scale was associated with an 86% increase in odds of a negative UA at baseline (OR = 1.86, 95% CI = 1.37-2.53, p < .001), a 77% increase at 3-month follow-up (OR = 1.77, CI = 1.37-2.29, p < .001), and a 37% increase at 12-month follow-up (OR = 1.37, CI = 1.04-1.81, p = .026).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although correlations of individual items with UA results showed statistically significant (p < .05) results for 8 of 14 items at one or more observation points, avoidance-related behaviors showed the strongest associations with sustained abstinence.
authors.affiliation: Integrated Substance Abuse Programs, Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California-Los Angeles, CA 90025, USA. dfarabee@ucla.edu
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Farabee
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McCann
authors.forename: Mary-Lynn
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Brecht
authors.forename: Sarah J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Cousins
authors.forename: Valerie P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Antonini
authors.forename: Anne B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jordana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hemberg
authors.forename: Mitch
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karno
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Rawson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003042:Cocaine / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008694:Methamphetamine / Q000652:urine; D008875:Middle Aged; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D012657:Self-Help Groups / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000379:methods; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D008694:Methamphetamine; D003042:Cocaine