title: Rosiglitazone is not associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Whether rosiglitazone may increase bladder cancer risk has not been extensively investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  The reimbursement databases of all Taiwanese diabetic patients under oral anti-diabetic agents or insulin from 1996 to 2009 were retrieved from the National Health Insurance. An entry date was set at 1 January 2006 and a total of 885,236 patients with type 2 diabetes were followed up for bladder cancer incidence till end of 2009. Incidences for ever-users, never-users and subgroups of rosiglitazone exposure (using tertile cutoffs of time since starting rosiglitazone, duration of therapy and cumulative dose) were calculated and hazard ratios estimated by Cox regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 102,926 ever-users and 782,310 never-users, respective numbers of incident bladder cancer 356 (0.35%) and 2753 (0.35%), and respective incidence 98.3 and 101.6 per 100,000 person-years. The overall hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) did not show significant association in unadjusted model [0.969 (0.867, 1.082)] and models adjusted for age and sex [0.983 (0.880, 1.098)] or all covariates [0.980 (0.870, 1.104)]. Neither the P values for the hazard ratios for the different categories of the dose-responsive parameters, nor their P-trends were significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rosiglitazone does not increase the risk of bladder cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan. ccktsh@ms6.hinet.net
authors.forename: Chin-Hsiao
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Tseng
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016208:Databases, Factual; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012044:Regression Analysis; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013997:Time Factors; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D000077154:Rosiglitazone