title: Relationship between serum nitric oxide and sialic acid in coexisted diabetes, hypertension and nephropathy.
abstract: This study was designed to study the relationship between serum nitric oxide and sialic acid in patients of diabetic nephropathy. Total 210 diabetic patients including 115 males and 95 females, suffering from diabetes and nephropathy (DN) were selected followed by informed consent and approval from institutional ethical committee. Equal number of age and sex matched normal healthy subjects were selected without any known history of hyperglycemia, hypertension and renal insufficiency as controls. Fasting blood samples from patients and controls were collected and analyzed for serum nitric oxide, sialic acid, fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum urea, creatinine, HbA1c and golmerular filtration rate (GFR). The raised levels (p<0.05) of systolic and diastolic blood pressures, BMI, FBG, HbA1c, serum urea, creatinine and sialic acid were noted in DN patients as compared to controls. Significantly lower levels of GFR and serum nitric oxide (p<0.05) were observed in DN patients as compared to controls. Strong negative correlation was found between serum sialic acid and nitric oxide levels in patients diabetic nephropathy (p<0.05). The relationship between the levels of serum nitric oxide and sialic acid may be considered as a strong biochemical indicator for micro and macro vascular complications of diabetes such as hypertension and nephropathy. These parameters should be taken into account during screening procedures regarding identifications of the diabetic patients to get them rid of progressive renal impairment to ESRD.
authors.affiliation: The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, University of Karachi, Pakistan. smshahid@uok.edu.pk
authors.forename: Syed Muhammad
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Shahid
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jawed
authors.forename: Tabassum
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mahboob
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019158:N-Acetylneuraminic Acid / Q000097:blood*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000097:blood*; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D014508:Urea / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D003404:Creatinine; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D019158:N-Acetylneuraminic Acid; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D014508:Urea; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human