title: In vitro and in vivo aphrodisiac properties of Corchorus depressus Linn. on rabbit corpus cavernosum smooth muscle relaxation and sexual behavior of normal male rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Corchorus depressus Linn. has been used as an aphrodisiac in traditional Indian medicine to treat male sexual dysfunction and impotency.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and aqueous fractions of 95% methanol extract of Corchorus depressus were screened initially for their in vitro aphrodisiac activity on rabbit corpus cavernosum smooth muscle. The chloroform fraction (CDC) was found to be the most active and therefore investigated further on general mating behavior, libido and potency of normal male Wistar albino rats in comparison with the standard drug, Sildenafil citrate.
  
  
  METHODS
  Animals were divided into the following groups: Control, SC CDC 100, CDC 200, and CDC 400, who received saline, Sildenafil citrate or the chloroform fraction of Corchorus depressus at doses of 100, 200 or 400mg/kg b.wt., respectively. The route of administration for all the groups was oral dosing, which was once in a day for 45 days. To analyze the mating behavior, female rats with estrus phase were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The chloroform fraction of methanolic extract of Corchorus depressus significantly reduced ML, IL, PEI and III. There was a significant increase in the MF, IF and EL and serum testosterone levels throughout the study period. The potency test significantly increased erections, quick flips, long flips and total reflex. In vitro aphrodisiac activity was significantly higher in chloroform fraction at a concentration of 25.0mg/ml, which induced 71.4% relaxation. The combined results of the above mentioned models indicate that the chloroform fraction of Corchorus depressus produces a significant increase in sexual activity as exhibited by 25mg/ml in vitro and 400mg/kg in vivo. In comparison with the control, all the drug-treated groups have shown drug-induced effects for a few parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In vitro and in vivo studies provide valuable experimental evidence that the chloroform fraction of methanolic extract of Corchorus depressus possesses aphrodisiac property. This study further substantiates the ethnopharmacological claims of Corchorus depressus as a sexual stimulating agent and offers a significant potential for studying the effect on male sexual response and its dysfunctions.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jodhpur National University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India. katariasandy@gmail.com
authors.forename: Sandeep
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kataria
authors.forename: Dilsher
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kaur
authors.forename: Shaival Kamalaksha
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: Ravi K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Khajuria
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001046:Aphrodisiacs / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002725:Chloroform / Q000737:chemistry; D032381:Corchorus; D005260:Female; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007194:India; D008297:Male; D008519:Medicine, Traditional; D009126:Muscle Relaxation / Q000187:drug effects; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010413:Penis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012726:Sexual Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013076:Sperm Count; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001046:Aphrodisiacs; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012997:Solvents; D013739:Testosterone; D002725:Chloroform