title: Crowd-out of defence and health spending: is Israel different from other industrialised nations?
abstract: Does high defence spending limit the growth of public health investment? Using comparative data from 31 OECD countries between 1980 and 2010, we find little evidence that defence crowds out public health spending. Whether measured in terms of long-term levels or short-term changes, per capita defence and health spending positively and significantly correlate. To investigate the possibility that countries with high security needs such as Israel exhibit differing patterns, we also compare crowd-out among countries experiencing violent conflicts as well as current high military-spending countries. We observed a greater positive correlation between changes in health and defence spending among conflict-countries (r = 0.65, p < 0.01) than in non-conflict countries (r = 0.12, p = 0.01). However, similar to other high-military spending countries, Israel's politicians reduced defence spending while increasing health expenditure during its recent recession. These analyses reveal that while Israel's politicians have chronically underinvested in public health, there are modest steps being taken to rectify the country's unique and avoidable crowding out of public health from its high military spending.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sociology, Manor Road, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3UQ, UK. aaron.reeves@sociology.ox.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Aaron
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reeves
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stuckler