title: Biological nitric oxide signalling: chemistry and terminology.
abstract: Biological nitrogen oxide signalling and stress is an area of extreme clinical, pharmacological, toxicological, biochemical and chemical research interest. The utility of nitric oxide and derived species as signalling agents is due to their novel and vast chemical interactions with a variety of biological targets. Herein, the chemistry associated with the interaction of the biologically relevant nitrogen oxide species with fundamental biochemical targets is discussed. Specifically, the chemical interactions of nitrogen oxides with nucleophiles (e.g. thiols), metals (e.g. hemeproteins) and paramagnetic species (e.g. dioxygen and superoxide) are addressed. Importantly, the terms associated with the mechanisms by which NO (and derived species) react with their respective biological targets have been defined by numerous past chemical studies. Thus, in order to assist researchers in referring to chemical processes associated with nitrogen oxide biology, the vernacular associated with these chemical interactions is addressed.
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tassiele A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Heinrich
authors.forename: Roberto S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.forename: Katrina M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Miranda
authors.forename: Christopher H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Switzer
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Wink
authors.forename: Jon M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Fukuto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006420:Hemeproteins / Q000737:chemistry; D008667:Metalloproteins / Q000737:chemistry; D008670:Metals / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D015538:Nitrosation; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D026403:S-Nitrosothiols / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D006420:Hemeproteins; D008667:Metalloproteins; D008670:Metals; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species; D026403:S-Nitrosothiols; D009569:Nitric Oxide
keywords: dinitrogen trioxide; metal nitrosyls; nitric oxide; nitrogen dioxide; nitrogen oxides; nitrosation; nitrosative signalling; nitrosative stress; nitrosylation; peroxynitrite