title: Serum uric acid and cardio-renal diseases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this article, the results of clinical and experimental studies that examine the association of hyperuricemia and gout with hypertension and kidney disease are presented and discussed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Key papers for inclusion were identified by a PubMed search, and articles were selected according to their relevance for the topic, according to the authors' judgment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increasing evidence supports a causal role for Uric acid (UA) in hypertension. Further larger studies are needed to confirm the possible beneficial role of UA lowering drugs and/or xantine-oxidase (XO) inhibitors. Overall, clinical evidence suggests a relationship of UA level with incident chronic kidney disease (CKD). In addition, the results of clinical trials using urate lowering therapy provide some promising evidence that lowering UA levels may retard the progression of CKD. Reviewed data indicate the need for large, well designed studies in these patients to evaluate XO inhibitors or uricosuric drugs in cardio-renal diseases and further elucidate the role of UA in the development and progression of CKD.
authors.affiliation: Chief Hypertension Unit, Hospital 12 de Octubre & Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University Autonoma, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Ruilope
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pontremoli
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D014527:Uric Acid