title: How to help the skin cope with glycoxidation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Protein glycation refers to the spontaneous reaction of reducing sugars with proteins and the subsequent formation of stable advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Glycation is linked with oxidative stress, and this association is called "glycoxidation". Glycoxidation alters the protein structure and function and causes tissue aging, as seen in human skin. Therefore, research on substances inhibiting glycoxidation appears to be crucial in the prevention of skin aging. With this aim, several plant extracts have been screened for antiglycation activity, and the results of the best candidates are presented in this article.
  
  
  METHODS
  Glycation was studied on human skin proteins (collagen, elastin, and albumin) and on a model of reconstructed skin. Oxidative stress has been addressed by testing the copper-induced low-density lipoprotein oxidation, ultraviolet irradiation of glycated dermis, and carbonyl activation of human dermal fibroblasts. A clinical test evaluated the extent of oxidative stress induced by ultraviolet A irradiation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the tested products, several plant extracts have decreased the glycation effects on skin proteins collagen, elastin, and albumin. In addition, a plant extract has significantly inhibited the different forms of oxidative stress associated with protein glycation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have demonstrated that plant extracts can relieve the deleterious effects of glycation on human skin. Moreover, a plant extract rich in antioxidant molecules has also significantly preserved the human skin from glycoxidation attacks.
authors.forename: Louis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Danoux
authors.forename: Solène
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mine
authors.forename: Nabil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Abdul-Malak
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Henry
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jeanmaire
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Freis
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pauly
authors.forename: Lysiane
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cittadini
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: André-Frei
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rathjens
mesh_terms: D000418:Albumins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D003094:Collagen / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D004549:Elastin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology; D006031:Glycosylation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D006037:Glyoxal / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000378:metabolism; D032129:Manilkara / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D000418:Albumins; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D010936:Plant Extracts; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein; D006037:Glyoxal; D003300:Copper; D003094:Collagen; D004549:Elastin