title: Dietary fatty acids and lipoprotein metabolism: new insights and updates.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Dyslipidemia is a powerful risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Dietary fatty acid composition regulates lipids and lipoprotein metabolism and may confer CVD benefit. This review updates understanding of the effect of dietary fatty acids on lipoprotein metabolism in humans.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High dietary fish-derived n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) consumption diminished hepatic triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL) secretion and enhanced TRL to LDL conversion. n-3 PUFA also decreased TRL-apoB-48 concentration by decreasing TRL-apoB-48 secretion. High n-6 PUFA intake decreased liver fat, and plasma proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9, triglycerides, total-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol concentrations. Intake of saturated fatty acids with increased palmitic acid at the sn-2 position was associated with decreased postprandial lipemia, which might be due to decreased triglyceride absorption. Replacing carbohydrate with monounsaturated fatty acids increased TRL catabolism. Ruminant trans-fatty acid decreased HDL cholesterol, but the mechanisms are unknown. A new role for APOE genotype in regulating lipid responses was also described.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The major advances in understanding the effect of dietary fatty acids on lipoprotein metabolism have focused on n-3 PUFA. This knowledge provides insights into the importance of regulating lipoprotein metabolism as a mode to improve plasma lipids and potential CVD risk. Further studies are required to better understand the cardiometabolic effects of other dietary fatty acids.
authors.affiliation: Metabolic Research Centre, School of Medicine & Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Esther M M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Ooi
authors.forename: Theodore W K
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: Gerald F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Watts
authors.forename: P Hugh R
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Barrett
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D053283:Apolipoprotein B-48 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000150:complications / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6 / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D053283:Apolipoprotein B-48; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6; D008074:Lipoproteins; D014280:Triglycerides; C030087:lipoprotein triglyceride