title: The association between sports participation, alcohol use and aggression and violence: a systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the current research on alcohol-related violence and sports participation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were used to identify relevant studies for inclusion. A search of six databases (EBSCOhost) was conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 6890 studies was were identified in the initial search. Of these, 11 studies met the inclusion criteria. The majority of the studies were from the US (n=10) and focused on collegiate athletes (n=7), adolescents (n=3), professional/former professional athletes (n=1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The reviewed research indicates higher rates of alcohol use and violence in athlete populations when compared against non-athlete populations. Masculinity, violent social identity and antisocial norms connected to certain sports stand out as potential factors that may impact the association between sport and violence in athlete populations.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, Deakin University, Australia. Electronic address: sonderlund@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Anders L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Sønderlund
authors.affiliation: School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: Kerry
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.affiliation: School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Australia.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kremer
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, Deakin University, Australia.
authors.forename: Bosco
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rowland
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, Deakin University, Australia.
authors.forename: Florentine
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: De Groot
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, Deakin University, Australia.
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Staiger
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, Deakin University, Australia.
authors.forename: Lucy
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zinkiewicz
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, Deakin University, Australia.
authors.forename: Peter G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000374:Aggression; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D006801:Humans; D013177:Sports; D014754:Violence
keywords: Ethanol; Identity; Injury; Intoxication; Masculinity