title: Human papillomavirus 16 detected in nasopharyngeal carcinomas in white Americans but not in endemic Southern Chinese patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We evaluated the relationship of human papillomavirus (HPV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) with race in endemic and nonendemic cohorts of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), and with smoking status in the nonendemic cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tissue microarrays (TMAs) were constructed using samples from 86 patients treated in southern China and 108 patients from Stanford, California. TMAs were stained with p16, HPV in situ hybridization (ISH), and EBV ISH. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to confirm EBV(-) cases and HPV status in p16(+) cases. Survival data was available for the Stanford cohort only.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No HPV(+) cases were detected in the Chinese cohort. In the Stanford cohort, 5 of 11 EBV(-) cases harbored HPV-16, 10 of 10 occurred in whites, and 8 of 11 were smokers. Patients with EBV(-) NPC also showed a trend toward worse survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EBV(-) NPC shows an association with the presence of HPV, white race, and smoking. In contrast, EBV(-) NPC shows no association with HPV in the endemic cohort.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China.
authors.forename: Zhixiong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Khong
authors.forename: Shirley
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kwok
authors.forename: Hongbin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Robert B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: West
authors.forename: Quynh-Thu
authors.initials: QT
authors.lastname: Le
authors.forename: Christina S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Kong
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044466:Asian People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D019353:Endemic Diseases; D005260:Female; D004854:Herpesvirus 4, Human / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D052162:Human papillomavirus 16 / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009303:Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral
keywords: EBV; HPV; Nasopharyngeal carcinoma; endemic; white