title: Comparison of factors associated with carotid intima-media thickness in the Multi-ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) and the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study (HNR).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The measurement of carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) is a valid method to quantify levels of atherosclerosis. The present study was conducted to compare the strengths of associations between CIMT and cardiovascular risk factors in two different populations.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) and the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study (HNR) are two population-based prospective cohort studies of subclinical cardiovascular disease. All Caucasian subjects aged 45 to 75 years from these cohorts who were free of baseline cardiovascular disease (n = 2,820 in HNR, n = 2,270 in MESA) were combined. CIMT images were obtained using B-mode sonography at the right and left common carotid artery and measured 1 cm starting from the bulb.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In both studies, age, male sex, and systolic blood pressure showed the strongest association (P < .0001 for each) for a higher CIMT. The mean of mean far wall CIMT was slightly higher in MESA participants (0.71 vs 0.67 mm). Almost all significant variables were consistent between the two cohorts in both magnitude of association with CIMT and statistical significance, including age, sex, smoking, diabetes, cholesterol levels, and blood pressure. For example, the association with systolic blood pressure was (ΔSD = 0.011; 95% confidence interval, 0.0009 to 0.014) per mm Hg in MESA and (ΔSD = 0.010; 95% confidence interval, 0.005 to 0.021) per mm Hg in HNR. This consistency persisted throughout the traditional (Framingham) risk factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A comparison of the associations between traditional cardiovascular risk factors and CIMT across two culturally diverse populations showed remarkable consistency.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: Marcus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: Joseph A C
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Delaney
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Möhlenkamp
authors.forename: Karl-Heinz
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Jöckel
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Kronmal
authors.forename: Nils
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lehmann
authors.forename: Kenneth J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Mukamal
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moebus
authors.forename: Joseph F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Polak
authors.forename: Nico
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dragano
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Budoff
authors.forename: Raimund
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Erbel
authors.forename: Robyn L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: McClelland
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000208:ethnology; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000473:pathology*; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000208:ethnology; D044465:White People