title: Relationship between predictors of the risk of clinical progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia and metabolic syndrome in men with moderate to severe lower urinary tract symptoms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the association between the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and the predictors of the progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 778 male police officers in their 50s with moderate to severe lower urinary tract symptoms (International Prostate Symptom Score > 7) were included in the present study. We defined the predictors of the risk of clinical progression of BPH as the total prostate volume ≥31 cm(3), prostate-specific antigen level ≥1.6 ng/mL, maximal flow rate <10.6 mL/s, and postvoid residual urine volume of ≥39 mL. The MetS was defined using the National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines. We used the Mantel-Haenszel extension test and logistic regression analyses to statistically examine their relationship.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The percentage of participants with ≥1 predictor for the progression of BPH, the percentage of participants with a total prostate volume of ≥31 cm(3), and the percentage of participants with a postvoid residual urine volume of ≥39 mL increased significantly with the increase in the number of components of the MetS (P = .003, P = .001, and P = .007, respectively). After adjusting for age and serum testosterone levels, the MetS was shown to be significantly associated with the presence ≥1 predictor for the progression of BPH (odds ratio 1.423, 95% confidence interval 1.020-1.986).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data have shown that the MetS is associated with the predictors of the risk of clinical progression of BPH in men in their 50s with moderate to severe lower urinary tract symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Hee Cheol
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Jun Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose; D001794:Blood Pressure; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D053448:Prostatism / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014563:Urodynamics; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D014280:Triglycerides; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen