title: Ciprofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from the intestinal microbiota of goats in Greece in the absence of selective pressure.
abstract: The presence of ciprofloxacin resistance commensal Escherichia coli (C-R-Ec) was determined for goats in the absence of selective pressure in Northern and Central Greece. The C-R-Ec was categorized in 3 groups with respect to their phenotypic resistance to other antibiotics as well as the carriage of antibiotic resistance genes. The first group consisted of 7 C-R-Ec that were found also resistant to tetracycline. Among them tet(B) (n = 7), qnr(S) (n = 7), and qnr(B) (n = 3) producers were identified by polymerase chain reaction. The second group consisted of 10 C-R-Ec that were found sensitive to all other antibiotics, and their phenotypic resistance to ciprofloxacin was not attributed to the presence of resistance genes. Finally, the third group consisted of 2 C-R-Ec also resistant to sulfamethoxazole. These strains were not carrying any transferable elements that contribute to resistance either to ciprofloxacin or to sulfamethoxazole. This is the first report of ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli isolated from goats in Greece.
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece. georgefilious@vet.auth.gr
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Filioussis
authors.forename: Athanasia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tzivara
authors.forename: Evanthia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Petridou
authors.forename: Nektarios D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Giadinis
authors.forename: Angeliki R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Burriel
authors.forename: Spyridon K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kritas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D006041:Goats / Q000382:microbiology*; D006115:Greece; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology*; D054892:Metagenome; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D058889:Molecular Typing; D010641:Phenotype
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002939:Ciprofloxacin