title: A screen for over-secretion of proteins by yeast based on a dual component cellular phosphatase and immuno-chromogenic stain for exported bacterial alkaline phosphatase reporter.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To isolate over-secretors, we subjected to saturation mutagenesis, a strain of P.pastoris exporting E. coli alkaline phosphatase (EAP) fused to the secretory domain of the yeast α factor pheromone through cellular PHO1/KEX2 secretory processing signals as the α-sec-EAP reporter protein. Direct chromogenic staining for α-sec-EAP activity is non-specific as its NBT/BCIP substrate cross-reacts with cellular phosphatases which can be inhibited with Levulinic acid. However, the parental E(P) strain only exports detectable levels of α-sec-EAP at 69 hours and not within the 36 hour period post-seeding required for effective screening with the consequent absence of a reference for secretion. We substituted the endogenous cellular phosphatase activity as a comparative reference for secretion rate and levels as well as for colony alignment while elevating specificity and sensitivity of detection of the exported protein with other innovative modifications of the immuno-chromogenic staining application for screening protein export mutants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Raising the specificity and utility of staining for α-sec-EAP activity required 5 modifications including some to published methods. These included, exploitation of endogenous phosphatase activity, reduction of the cell/protein burden, establishment of the direct relation between concentrations of transcriptional inducer and exported membrane immobilized protein and concentrations of protein exported into growth media, amplification of immuno-specificity and sensitivity of detection of α-sec-EAP reporter enzyme signal and restriction of staining to optimal concentrations of antisera and time periods. The resultant immuno-chromogenic screen allows for the detection of early secretion and as little as 1.3 fold over-secretion of α-sec-EAP reporter protein by E(M) mutants in the presence of 10 fold -216 fold higher concentrations of HSA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The modified immuno-chromogenic screen is sensitive, specific and has led to the isolation of mutants E(M) over-secreting the α-sec-EAP reporter protein by a minimum of 50 fold higher levels than that exported by non-mutagenized E(P) parental strains. Unselected proteins were also over-secreted.
authors.affiliation: Department for Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA. ferez.nallaseth@gmail.com
authors.forename: Ferez S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Nallaseth
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D042931:Aldehyde Oxidase / Q000235:genetics; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000201:enzymology*; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D056426:Genetic Loci; D005838:Genotype; D016296:Mutagenesis; D010641:Phenotype; D010843:Pichia / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D042931:Aldehyde Oxidase; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase