title: Pharmacodynamic analysis of magnetic resonance imaging-monitored focused ultrasound-induced blood-brain barrier opening for drug delivery to brain tumors.
abstract: Microbubble-enhanced focused ultrasound (FUS) can enhance the delivery of therapeutic agents into the brain for brain tumor treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of brain tumor conditions on the distribution and dynamics of small molecule leakage into targeted regions of the brain after FUS-BBB opening. A total of 34 animals were used, and the process was monitored by 7T-MRI. Evans blue (EB) dye as well as Gd-DTPA served as small molecule substitutes for evaluation of drug behavior. EB was quantified spectrophotometrically. Spin-spin (R1) relaxometry and area under curve (AUC) were measured by MRI to quantify Gd-DTPA. We found that FUS-BBB opening provided a more significant increase in permeability with small tumors. In contrast, accumulation was much higher in large tumors, independent of FUS. The AUC values of Gd-DTPA were well correlated with EB delivery, suggesting that Gd-DTPA was a good indicator of total small-molecule accumulation in the target region. The peripheral regions of large tumors exhibited similar dynamics of small-molecule leakage after FUS-BBB opening as small tumors, suggesting that FUS-BBB opening may have the most significant permeability-enhancing effect on tumor peripheral. This study provides useful information toward designing an optimized FUS-BBB opening strategy to deliver small-molecule therapeutic agents into brain tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, Chang-Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Po-Chun
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: Wen-Yen
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Chai
authors.forename: Han-Yi
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.forename: Jiun-Jie
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Shiaw-Pyng
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Wey
authors.forename: Chiung-Yin
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Kuo-Chen
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Hao-Li
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000528:radiation effects*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D005070:Evans Blue / Q000494:pharmacology; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D011859:Radiography; D051381:Rats; D013016:Sound
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D005070:Evans Blue; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA