title: Hypocholesterolemic effect of capsaicinoids in rats fed diets with or without cholesterol.
abstract: The potential mechanism of the hypocholesterolemic effect of capsaicinoids in rats fed with cholesterol-enriched and cholesterol-free diets was determined. Capsaicinoids favorably modified the lipoprotein profile of rats. Capsaicinoids consumption down-regulated the mRNA levels of hepatic 3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase by 0.55-fold and hepatic cholesterol-7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) by 0.53-fold in the cholesterol-free diet group (P < 0.05) but up-regulated the CYP7A1 level by 1.38-fold in the cholesterol-enriched diet group (P < 0.05). It also increased the expression levels of ileal bile acid binding protein and apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter in the ileum, as well as transient receptor potential vanilloid type-1 in the liver and ileum in the different groups. Capsaicinoids reduced the amount of bile acids in feces by -15.97% and contents of the small intestine by -9.64% in the cholesterol-free diet group (P < 0.05) but increased both by 13.06% and 10.20%, respectively, in the cholesterol-enriched diet group. The cholesterol-lowering action of capsaicinoids in the cholesterol-free diet group was attributed to the inhibition of hepatic cholesterol synthesis, whereas that in the cholesterol-enriched diet group was attributed to the stimulation of the conversion of cholesterol to bile acids and the increasing excretions of bile acids in feces.
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Guoshan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Longhui
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Zongdao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Xiong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000378:metabolism; D002211:Capsaicin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism; D002790:Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D006903:Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007082:Ileum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D029363:Organic Anion Transporters, Sodium-Dependent / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D027981:Symporters / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D050916:TRPV Cation Channels / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary; D029363:Organic Anion Transporters, Sodium-Dependent; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D027981:Symporters; D050916:TRPV Cation Channels; C493922:Trpv1 protein, rat; C071908:sodium-bile acid cotransporter; D002784:Cholesterol; D006903:Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases; C532838:CYP7A1 protein, rat; D002790:Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase; D002211:Capsaicin