title: Growth patterns in pubertal HIV-infected adolescents and their correlation with cytokines, IGF-1, IGFBP-1, and IGFBP-3.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aims to describe the final adult height (FAH) and pubertal growth patterns in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected adolescents and to compare these to an age-matched population of seroreverting HIV-exposed, uninfected (HEU) adolescents. It further aims to evaluate the interplay of proinflammatory cytokines with insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3), and IGFBP-1 during the pubertal growth spurt.
  
  
  METHODS
  HIV-infected (n=34) and HEU (n=12) adolescents who had achieved FAH were evaluated. Auxologic data, viral load, CD4+ T-lymphocyte (CD4) count, and the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy were obtained via a retrospective chart review. Serum interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-3, and IGF-1 were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean FAH standard deviation score for the HIV-infected group was -0.78 (±1.1) compared to 0.05 (±0.78) for the HEU (p=0.034). There was a positive correlation between CD4 count and FAH (p=0.019). The mean age and magnitude of peak growth velocity (GV) was within normal limits. IL-1α, IL-6, TNF-α, IGFBP-3, and IGF-1 were not significantly correlated with HIV RNA or height. IGFBP-1 was detectable in 100% of poorly controlled HIV-infected patients and 25% of the HEU cohort (p=0.0003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The FAH of HIV-infected patients was significantly shorter than that of HEU patients, and it positively correlated with CD4 count. Our cohort demonstrated normal timing and magnitude of peak GV during puberty.
authors.forename: Marion
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kessler
authors.forename: Aditya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaul
authors.forename: Claritsa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Santos-Malavé
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Borkowsky
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kessler
authors.forename: Bina
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shah
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001827:Body Height; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D002648:Child; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D018970:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1 / Q000097:blood*; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 / Q000097:blood*; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D011627:Puberty / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D018970:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I