title: Serum cytokine profile in adalimumab-treated refractory uveitis patients: decreased IL-22 correlates with clinical responses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the effect of adalimumab on serum cytokines in chronic refractory uveitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study on the effects of adalimumab on serum cytokine levels at different time points in a cohort of 12 refractory chronic uveitis patients. Results were analyzed according to clinical outcomes and compared with systemic steroid-treated recurrent uveitis patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Before treatment, patients exhibited significantly increased IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, IL-12 p70, IL-10, and IL-22. Adalimumab significantly decreased IL-6, and IL-12p70 at early time points (after 1 month of treatment). Adalimumab effects on IL-10 and IL-22 appeared later (after 6 months of treatment). IL-1β, IL-17A, and TNFα were not modified at any time point. Only decreased IL-22 serum levels correlated with disease activity (p = 0.011). These effects were not observed in steroid-treated patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adalimumab induced drug-specific and time-dependent declines in serum levels of particular cytokines, although only IL-22 correlated with disease activity in 10 out 12 patients.
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmology Department, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de León, León, Spain.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cordero-Coma
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Calleja
authors.forename: Milagros
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Llorente
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Franco
authors.forename: Jose G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Ruiz de Morales
mesh_terms: D000068879:Adalimumab; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002908:Chronic Disease; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007378:Interleukins / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D014605:Uveitis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D055815:Young Adult; D000097043:Interleukin-22
chemical_list: D000068879:Adalimumab; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D007378:Interleukins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000097043:Interleukin-22