title: Relationship of serum fetuin-A levels with coronary atherosclerotic burden and NAFLD in patients undergoing elective coronary angiography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients are prone to coronary artery disease (CAD). Fetuin-A inhibits arterial calcification, induces insulin resistance, and is increased in NAFLD. Data on fetuin-A levels in CAD are conflicting. We tried to ascertain whether NAFLD and CAD are associated and if fetuin-A predicts CAD and/or NAFLD.
  
  
  METHODS
  CAD was diagnosed by ≥50% stenosis in coronary arteries and NAFLD by ultrasound imaging in the absence of any other liver disease. Seventy patients who underwent elective coronarography at our hospital were recruited in this cross-sectional study. Twenty-four patients had no CAD (9 with and 15 without NAFLD) and 46 had CAD (20 with and 26 without NAFLD). Standard anthropometric indices and metabolic parameters were recorded. Fetuin-A was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Visceral fat thickness and visceral/subcutaneous fat ratio were assessed by ultrasonography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  NAFLD was not associated with CAD, probably owing to the limited series. Fetuin-A was significantly lower, whereas visceral fat thickness and visceral/subcutaneous fat ratio were higher in patients with CAD versus those without CAD. Younger age and higher body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, triglycerides, fasting glucose, homeostasis model assessment, spleen area, subcutaneous fat thickness, and prevalence of metabolic derangements were associated with NAFLD. At multivariate analysis, elevated fetuin-A levels were an independent negative predictor of CAD [odds ratio (OR)=0.995, P=0.049]. Fetuin-A was an independent predictor of NAFLD (OR=1.005, P=0.036) in the model including BMI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This prospective cross-sectional study demonstrates high fetuin-A levels to be independently associated with NAFLD and a lower risk of coronarographically diagnosed CAD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Geriatrics, Operating Unit of Internal Medicine and Metabolism, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, AUSL Modena, Modena, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ballestri
authors.forename: Erica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Meschiari
authors.forename: Enrica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Baldelli
authors.forename: Francesca E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Musumeci
authors.forename: Dante
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Romagnoli
authors.forename: Tommaso
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Trenti
authors.forename: Romeo G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Zennaro
authors.forename: Amedeo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lonardo
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Loria
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D050151:Subcutaneous Fat / Q000473:pathology; D060749:alpha-2-HS-Glycoprotein / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C556354:AHSG protein, human; D015415:Biomarkers; D060749:alpha-2-HS-Glycoprotein