title: Oral supplementation with probiotic L. reuteri NCIMB 30242 increases mean circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D: a post hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D is a risk factor for osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer. Disruption of noncholesterol sterol absorption due to cholesterol-lowering therapies may result in reduced fat-soluble vitamin absorption.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We have previously reported on the cholesterol-lowering efficacy and reduced sterol absorption of probiotic bile salt hydrolase active Lactobacillus reuteri NCIMB 30242; however, the effects on fat-soluble vitamins was previously unknown and the objective of the present study. DESIGN, SETTINGS, PATIENTS, AND INTERVENTION: The study was double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, parallel-arm, multicenter lasting 13 weeks. A total of 127 otherwise healthy hypercholesterolemic adults with low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol >3.4 mmol/L, triglycerides <4.0 mmol/L, and body mass index of 22 to 32 kg/m² were included. Subjects were recruited from 6 private practices in Prague, Czech Republic, and randomized to consume L. reuteri NCIMB 30242 or placebo capsules over a 9-week intervention period.
  
  
  METHODS
  The primary outcome measure was the change in serum low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol over the 9-week intervention. Analysis of fat-soluble vitamins at weeks 0 and 9 were performed post hoc.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences between L. reuteri NCIMB 30242 and placebo capsule groups in serum vitamin A, vitamin E, or β-carotene or dietary intake over the intervention period (P > .05). L. reuteri NCIMB 30242 increased serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D by 14.9 nmol/L, or 25.5%, over the intervention period, which was a significant mean change relative to placebo of 17.1 nmol/L, or 22.4%, respectively (P = .003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To our knowledge, this is the first report of increased circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D in response to oral probiotic supplementation.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A2B4, Canada.
authors.forename: Mitchell L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Martoni
authors.forename: Satya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Prakash
mesh_terms: D015652:25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2 / Q000097:blood*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000581:Amidohydrolases / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002112:Calcifediol / Q000097:blood*; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D018153:Czech Republic; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy*; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D052200:Limosilactobacillus reuteri / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019936:Probiotics / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000378:metabolism; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D014807:Vitamin D; D015652:25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2; D000581:Amidohydrolases; C023154:choloylglycine hydrolase; D002112:Calcifediol