title: Field confirmation of modified pressurized solvent extraction vessels for the analysis of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in blood samples from Great Lakes Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos).
abstract: Miniaturized pressurized solvent extraction vessels were used to examine polychlorinated biphenyl congener (PCB) concentrations in 0.2 g sample sizes of whole blood, liver, heart and breast tissue sampled from twelve Great Lakes Mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos). This study successfully supported the blood extraction method, previously validated only using laboratory prepared blood samples, using field samples. In situ clean-up offered excellent sample throughput without degradation of GC-MS performance; using this method, extraction, instrument analysis and data interpretation for 100 samples could be accomplished within a one to two week time period. Results indicated contamination in the blood (∑PCB = 1.9-13 ng g(-1) ww), liver (∑PCB = 0.8-11 ng g(-1) ww), breast (∑PCB = <0.1-9 ng g(-1) ww) and heart tissue (∑PCB = <0.1-6 ng g(-1) ww). Quality control included the analysis of blank samples, NIST SRM 1589a and a duplicate of each sample type (blood or tissue). All blank samples were below the method detection limit, SRM values were within 70% of their certified values and duplicates were within 70% of each other. Correlations were examined for the suite of analysed congeners between blood and various tissues; within select individuals a strong and significant correlation was observed. TEQs were calculated and compared against known toxicity data for bird species. Based on the PCB levels found in this study, no adverse health effects are expected in the birds themselves. ∑PCB concentrations in the breast tissue were also compared against both the Canadian and American guidelines for the consumption of edible poultry and based on these values, the Mallards used in this research would be safe for human consumption.
authors.affiliation: Analytical Sciences Group, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada, 11 General Crerar Crescent, Box 17000 Station Forces, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7K 7B4. Stacey.Haskins@RMC.ca
authors.forename: Stacey D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Haskins
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: Ron D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Weir
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001940:Breast / Q000378:metabolism; D004372:Ducks / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D060106:Lakes / Q000032:analysis*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls