title: Penile augmentation with resultant foreign material granuloma and sequalae.
abstract: Throughout history, a proportion of men appear to correlate penis size and dimensions directly with physical fitness and sexual prowess. Foreign materials, such as paraffin oil, paraffin balm, mineral oils, and silicone, have been used to promise an improvement in penile shaft contour and dimensions. These materials are injected directly into the penis; inducing granuloma formation to achieve increased penis length and girth. However, the result is a severely disfigured and swollen penis, which cannot achieve erection. Local complications of penile lipogranuloma include infection, ulceration, local migration, and cavernosal invasion; leading to functional impairment. Meanwhile, systemic complications include foreign body embolization, organ infarct, and death. Penile lipogranuloma is best treated surgically. Granulomatous skin needs to be completely excised; wound closure with a scrotal skin flap, Cecil's inlay operation and split thickness skin graft commonly used options. Our case series has shown that penile lipogranuloma, induced by subcutaneous foreign body injections into the penile shaft, and its subsequent adverse outcomes to patients and their partners.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Fam Xeng
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Inn
authors.forename: Farrah-Hani
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Imran
authors.forename: Mohd Faizal
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: Rizuana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ih
authors.forename: Zulkifli
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Z
keywords: augmentation; foreign body reaction; granuloma; penis; silicone