title: Hospital expenses towards the end of life.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  International research indicates that a considerable proportion of health expenditure is concentrated in the final phase of life, but to date, reliable Norwegian figures have not been available in this area. The purpose of this study is to investigate the proportion of Norwegian hospital expenditure for outpatient and hospital treatment which is devoted to persons who die in the course of the year.
  
  
  METHODS
  To estimate the proportion of hospital resources devoted to treatment of patients who die in the course of the year, we use data from the Norwegian Patient Registry, which contains information on all individual treatment episodes of outpatient and hospital treatment in the period 2010, and information from the National Resident Registry on deaths that have occurred during the same year.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, NOK 4.2 billion, or 10.6% of all hospital expenses for outpatient and hospital treatment in 2010, was devoted to patients who died during the same year. The bulk of the expenses was incurred during the three months immediately prior to death. Hospital expenses towards the end of life declined with increasing age of the patient, and were more than halved for ninety-year-olds compared to seventy-year-olds. More than 50% of the expenses incurred during the last year of life were spent during the three final months of life.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results are relevant for estimating future hospital expenses in the health services. They are also relevant for decision-making related to priorities, but the figures for expenses cannot be used to determine whether too much or too little is spent on a given age group or disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Management and Health Economics, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Hans Olav
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Melberg
authors.forename: Geir
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Godager
authors.forename: Fredrik Alexander
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Gregersen
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D017721:Hospital Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009664:Norway; D012042:Registries; D013727:Terminal Care / Q000191:economics*