title: Mimics and rare presentations of pediatric demyelination.
abstract: This article reviews the features that should prompt consideration of diseases that mimic acquired demyelinating syndromes and multiple sclerosis using vignettes to highlight unusual clinical and radiologic features. Cases of transverse myelitis, spinal infarction, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, fever-induced refractory epileptic encephalopathy in school-aged children, small-vessel vasculitis, Griscelli syndrome type 2, cysticercosis, vitamin B12 deficiency, and chronic relapsing inflammatory optic neuropathy are presented.
authors.affiliation: Divison of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: O'Mahony
authors.forename: Manohar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shroff
authors.forename: Brenda
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Banwell
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D003711:Demyelinating Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004673:Encephalomyelitis, Acute Disseminated / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D007153:Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes / Q000175:diagnosis; D007238:Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis; D051359:Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis; D009188:Myelitis, Transverse / Q000175:diagnosis; D009413:Nerve Fibers, Myelinated / Q000473:pathology; D009902:Optic Neuritis / Q000175:diagnosis; D016116:Piebaldism / Q000175:diagnosis; D000081207:Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000098:blood supply / Q000469:parasitology