title: In vivo evaluation of copper release and acute local tissue reactions after implantation of copper-coated titanium implants in rats.
abstract: Copper (Cu) based coatings can reduce infections for titanium (Ti) implants. However, Cu is also cytotoxic. To examine the balance of antibacterial versus adverse tissue effects, this study aimed at evaluating a Cu coating regarding in vivo Cu release and local inflammatory reactions for 72 h. TiAl6V4 plates received either plasma electrolytic oxidation only (Ti), or an additional galvanic Cu deposition (Ti-Cu). No Staphylococcus aureus were found in vitro on Ti-Cu after 24 h. Following simultaneous intramuscular implantation of two Ti and two Ti-Cu plates into nine rats, serum Cu was elevated until 48 h and residual Cu on explanted samples reduced accordingly after 48 h. Total and tissue macrophages around implants increased until 72 h for both series, and were increased for Ti-Cu. As numbers of total and tissue macrophages were comparable, macrophages were probably tissue-derived. MHC-class-II-positive cells increased for Ti-Cu only. T-lymphocytes had considerably lower numbers than macrophages, did not increase or differ between both series, and thus had minor importance. Tissue reactions increased beyond Cu release, indicating effects of either surface-bound Cu or more likely the implants themselves. Altogether, Ti-Cu samples possessed antibacterial effectiveness in vitro, released measurable Cu amounts in vivo and caused a moderately increased local inflammatory response, demonstrating anti-infective potential of Cu coatings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., D-17489 Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hoene
authors.forename: Cornelia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Prinz
authors.forename: Uwe
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Walschus
authors.forename: Silke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lucke
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Patrzyk
authors.forename: Lutz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wilhelm
authors.forename: Hans-Georg
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Neumann
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schlosser
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D003300:Copper / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005549:Foreign-Body Reaction / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008422:Materials Testing; D019736:Prostheses and Implants / Q000009:adverse effects; D016459:Prosthesis-Related Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000473:pathology; D014025:Titanium
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D003300:Copper; D014025:Titanium