title: Pediatric multiple sclerosis: pathobiological, clinical, and magnetic resonance imaging features.
abstract: In this article, the pathobiological, clinical, and treatment aspects of pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (MS) are summarized, and the conventional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (ie, T1-weighted, proton-density, and T2-weighted imaging) features of MS in children are discussed, as well as the application of MR imaging in the diagnosis of pediatric-onset MS and in prediction of MS in children with an incident central nervous system demyelination. Insights gained from studies comparing MR imaging features of pediatric-onset and adult-onset MS are presented.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Demyelinating Disease Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Leonard H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Verhey
authors.forename: Manohar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shroff
authors.forename: Brenda
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Banwell
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000276:immunology; D001921:Brain / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D002550:Cerebral Veins / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000276:immunology; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000098:blood supply; D017585:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial; D014689:Venous Insufficiency / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D007155:Immunologic Factors