title: Changes in the level of serum microRNAs in patients with psoriasis after antitumour necrosis factor-α therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, nonprotein-coding, regulatory RNAs with important roles in health and disease. miRNAs are present in the circulation in a stable form and their levels are altered in diseases.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether antitumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α therapy affects serum miRNA levels in patients with psoriasis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum samples were obtained from healthy donors and from patients with chronic plaque psoriasis before and 12 weeks after the initiation of treatment with the TNF-inhibitor etanercept or methotrexate. miRNA expression profiling was utilized to identify miRNAs with altered serum level in psoriasis, as well as anti-TNF-α-regulated miRNAs in patients' sera. The expression of five miRNAs regulated by etanercept was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in sera from patients and controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Etanercept significantly suppressed a panel of 38 miRNAs, which were found to be predominantly immune-cell derived and which have been implicated in inflammation and autoimmunity. Validation by qPCR showed that serum levels of miR-106b, miR-26b, miR-142-3p, miR-223 and miR-126 were significantly downregulated by etanercept in responders (Psoriasis Area and Severity Index change > 50%). By contrast, methotrexate did not significantly affect the levels of these miRNAs. Serum levels of these miRNAs were not upregulated in patients with psoriasis compared with healthy controls. The level of four circulating miRNAs was significantly different (increased: miR-128a; decreased: let-7d, miR-142-3p, miR-181a) in psoriasis and healthy serum.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The level of circulating miRNAs is altered in psoriasis. Anti-TNF-α therapy has a profound effect on the serum level of miRNAs; however, these are not related to disease severity. Our results suggest that changes in the miRNA level may reflect a previously unknown effect of anti-TNF-α therapy. Our results suggest the involvement of miRNAs in pathways affected by anti-TNF-α therapy and warrant further investigation of serum miRNAs as potential biomarkers for therapy response in psoriasis.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Dermatology Research Group, Unit of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-17176, Sweden.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pivarcsi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Meisgen
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ståhle
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sonkoly
mesh_terms: D002908:Chronic Disease; D000068800:Etanercept; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011565:Psoriasis / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017423:Sequence Analysis, RNA
chemical_list: D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D035683:MicroRNAs; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D000068800:Etanercept