title: Protective effects of naringin against paraquat-induced acute lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis in mice.
abstract: The present study evaluates protective effects of naringin against paraquat (PQ)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) and pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Survival probability against PQ intoxication was tested by a single intraperitoneal injection of PQ. Results showed that survival rates of mice exposed to PQ only (50 mg/kg within 7 days) were much lower than that in mice daily treatment with NAC or naringin. Moreover, protection against PQ-induced ALI was tested by daily pretreatment mice with saline, NAC or naringin for 3 days before PQ (30 mg/kg, i.p.). Results showed that increase in leukocytes infiltration and overexpressions of TNF-α and TGF-β1 caused by 8h of PQ exposure were dose-dependently ameliorated by naringin. Furthermore, protection against PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis was tested by pretreatment mice with PQ (20 mg/kg, i.p.), and then daily administration with saline, NAC or naringin for prolonged 21 days. Results showed that naringin of 60 and 120 mg/kg significantly reduced PQ-induced upregulations of TNF-α, TGF-β1, MMP-9 and TIMP-1, levels of pulmonary malonaldehyde and hydroxyproline, as well as pulmonary fibrosis deposition, while increased activities of SOD, GSH-Px and HO-1. These results indicated that naringin had effective protection against PQ-induced ALI and pulmonary fibrosis.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yi-chu
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Nie
authors.forename: Yu-long
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Yan-fang
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Guo-hua
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Ke-jian
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Wei-wei
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Jian-gang
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Pei-bo
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D055371:Acute Lung Injury / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000517:prevention & control; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D001483:Base Sequence; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D017931:DNA Primers; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D044950:Flavanones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D006540:Herbicides / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010269:Paraquat / Q000633:toxicity*; D011658:Pulmonary Fibrosis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D016207:Cytokines; D017931:DNA Primers; D044950:Flavanones; D006540:Herbicides; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1; C005274:naringin; D010269:Paraquat
keywords: ALI; Acute lung injury; Anti-inflammatory; Antioxidant; BAL; BCA; CAT; GSH-Px; H&E; HO-1; HYP; MDA; MMP-9; N-acetyl cysteine; NAC; NF-κB; Naringin; PQ; Paraquat; Pulmonary fibrosis; SOD; TGF-β; TIMP-1; TNF-α; acute lung injury; bicinchoninic acid; bronchoalveolar lavage; catalase; glutathione peroxidase; hematoxylin and eosin; heme oxygenase; hydroxyproline; i.g.; i.p.; intragastric; intraperitoneally; malonaldehyde; matrix metalloproteinase-9; nuclear factor kappa B; paraquat; superoxide dismutase; tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases-1; transforming growth factor-β; tumor necrosis factor-α