title: Coffee consumption and health-related quality of life.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Understanding the effect of coffee on health-related quality of life (HRQL) would contribute to explain the mechanisms of the long-term effect of coffee on health. The aim of this study was to examine the association between coffee consumption and HRQL.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study conducted in 2008-2010 among 11,423 individuals representative of the Spanish population aged ≥18 years. Habitual coffee and food consumption was assessed with a validated diet history. HRQL was measured using the Spanish version of the SF-12 questionnaire. The analyses were performed using linear regression and adjusted for the main confounders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among men, no association was found between coffee consumption and the physical and mental composite summaries (PCS and MCS) of the SF-12. Among women, compared to those who did not consume coffee, habitual coffee drinkers showed similar scores on the PCS [beta coefficients (p value) for 1, 2, 3, and ≥4 cups/day: 0.49 (0.20), 0.62 (0.21), 0.50 (0.45), and 0.36 (0.59)]; but slightly better scores on the MCS [beta (p value): 1.58 (<0.001), 1.58 (0.004), 0.80 (0.31), and 1.22 (0.10)]. These results reflect mostly the consumption of non-filtered caffeinated coffee. Tea consumption and total caffeine intake did not show an association with HRQL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found no evidence of an adverse effect of coffee on HRQL. These results are consistent with the null association between this beverage and several chronic diseases and all-cause mortality reported in many studies. The weak positive association of coffee with the MCS found among women needs further confirmation.
authors.affiliation: Dept. Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/IdiPAZ, CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain. Electronic address: esther.lopez@uam.es.
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lopez-Garcia
authors.affiliation: Dept. Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/IdiPAZ, CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain.
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Guallar-Castillon
authors.affiliation: Dept. Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/IdiPAZ, CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain.
authors.forename: Luz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Leon-Muñoz
authors.affiliation: Dept. Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/IdiPAZ, CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain.
authors.forename: Auxiliadora
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Graciani
authors.affiliation: Dept. Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/IdiPAZ, CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Artalejo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002110:Caffeine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003069:Coffee / Q000009:adverse effects; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D013030:Spain; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013662:Tea; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003069:Coffee; D013662:Tea; D002110:Caffeine
keywords: Coffee; Health-related quality of life; Population study