title: Trace lead analysis based on carbon-screen-printed-electrodes modified via 4-carboxy-phenyl diazonium salt electroreduction.
abstract: This paper describes the use of 4-carboxyphenyl-grafted screen-printed carbon electrodes (4-CP-SPEs) for trace lead analysis. These novel and simple use of electrodes were easily prepared by the electrochemical reduction of the corresponding diazonium salt. Pb detection was then performed by a three-steps method in order to avoid oxygen interference: (i) immersion of the grafted screen-printed electrode (SPE) in the sample and adsorption of Pb(II), (ii) reduction of adsorbed Pb(II) by chronoamperometry (CA), and (iii) oxidation of Pb by Anodic Square Wave Voltammetry (SWV). The reoxidation response was exploited for lead detection and quantification. In order to optimize the analytical responses, the influence of the adsorption medium pH and the adsorption time were investigated. Moreover, an interference study was carried out with Cu(II), Hg(II), Al(III), Mn(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) and no major interference can be expected to quantify Pb(II). The described method provided a limit of detection and a limit of quantification of 1.2 × 10(-9)M and 4.1 × 10(-9)M, respectively. These performances indicate that the 4-CP-SPE could be considered as an efficient tool for environmental analysis.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Analyse et Modélisation pour la Biologie et l'Environnement, UMR 8587, CNRS-Université Evry Val d'Essonne-CEA, 1 rue du père Jarlan, 91025 Evry Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Sarra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bouden
authors.forename: Annie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chaussé
authors.forename: Stephane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dorbes
authors.forename: Omar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: El Tall
authors.forename: Nizar
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bellakhal
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dachraoui
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vautrin-Ul
mesh_terms: D002244:Carbon; D003979:Diazonium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques; D004566:Electrodes; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction
chemical_list: D003979:Diazonium Compounds; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D007854:Lead; D002244:Carbon