title: Clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features of primary ductal adenocarcinoma of lacrimal gland: five new cases and review of literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A primary ductal adenocarcinoma of the lacrimal gland is a rare epithelial malignant tumor, and its clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features have not been well determined. The purpose of this study was to determine the clinicopathological characteristics of lacrimal duct carcinomas and to determine their long-term prognosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed immunohistochemical studies of biological and proliferative markers of primary ductal adenocarcinomas of the lacrimal gland in five patients, and followed their long term prognosis. We also reviewed nine published cases of primary ductal adenocarcinomas of the lacrimal gland.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All specimens were positive for the androgen receptor, and three of five specimens overexpressed the HER-2/neu protein. Nuclear immunostaining for p53 ranged from 10% to 95% and that of Ki-67 from 20% to 70% in the tumor cells. Four of five patients had distant metastases and three patients died from the disease during the 5-year follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings indicate that primary ductal adenocarcinomas of the lacrimal gland express androgen receptors and a wide range of proliferative markers. Their long-term prognosis is poor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya Medical Center, 4-1-1, Sannomaru, Naka-ku, Nagoya-shi, Aichi-ken 460-0001, Japan. ganiky@nnh.hosp.go.jp
authors.forename: Toshinobu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kubota
authors.forename: Suzuko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moritani
authors.forename: Shu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ichihara
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D044584:Carcinoma, Ductal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D005134:Eye Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007766:Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017233:Orbit Evisceration; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D011379:Prognosis; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000378:metabolism; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D011944:Receptors, Androgen; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18