title: A population-based study comparing HRQoL among breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer survivors to propensity score matched controls, by cancer type, and gender.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Objectives were to compare health-related quality of life (HRQoL) between breast cancer survivors, prostate cancer survivors (PCS), and colorectal cancer survivors (CCS) to matched controls, stratified by short and long-term survivors, by cancer type, and gender.
  
  
  METHODS
  By using the 2009 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, propensity scores matched three controls to adult survivors >1 year past diagnosis (N = 11,964) on age, gender, race/ethnicity, income, insurance status, and region of the USA Chi-square tests and logistic regression models compared HRQoL outcomes (life satisfaction, activity limitations, sleep quality, emotional support, general, physical, and mental health).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although all cancer survivors reported worse general health (p < 0.000) and more activity limitations (p < 0.004) than controls, these disparities decreased among long-term survivors. Short-term PCS and male CCS were more likely to report worse outcomes across additional domains of HRQoL than controls, but PCS were 0.61, 0.63, and 0.70 times less likely to report activity limitations, fair/poor general health, and 1-15 bad physical health days in the past month than male CCS. Breast cancer survivors and female CCS were 2.12 and 3.17, 1.58 and 1.86, and 1.49 and 153, respectively, times more likely to report rarely/never receiving needed emotional support, 1-15 bad mental health days in the past month, and not receiving enough sleep 1-15 days in the past month than PCS and male CCS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cancer survivors experience worse HRQoL than similar individuals without a history of cancer and the severity of affected HRQoL domains differ by time since diagnosis, cancer type, and gender.
authors.affiliation: West Virginia University, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Systems and Policy, Morgantown, WV, USA.
authors.forename: Traci
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: LeMasters
authors.affiliation: West Virginia University, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Systems and Policy, Morgantown, WV, USA.
authors.forename: Suresh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Madhavan
authors.affiliation: West Virginia University, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Systems and Policy, Morgantown, WV, USA.
authors.forename: Usha
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Sambamoorthi
authors.affiliation: West Virginia University, Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, Morgantown, WV, USA.
authors.forename: Sobha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kurian
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000523:psychology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000523:psychology*; D004522:Educational Status; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007348:Insurance, Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D057216:Propensity Score; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000523:psychology*; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012944:Social Support; D017741:Survivors / Q000523:psychology*; D014481:United States; D044465:White People / Q000523:psychology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: cancer; case–control; gender differences; health‐related quality of life; oncology