title: Issues in the evaluation and treatment of anxiety and depression in migrant women in the perinatal period.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Perinatal depression and anxiety are prevalent in migrant women. The main aims of this literature review were to understand the psychosocial determinants of depression and anxiety in migrant women antenatally and to explore common clinical presentations. In addition, we aimed to identify barriers and facilitating factors for help-seeking and treatment, in order to identify directions for service development and improvement.
  
  
  METHODS
  A review of the literature was performed using electronic databases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Depression and anxiety are over represented in migrant women in the perinatal period. Somatic symptoms are common presentations for emotional distress. An identified difficulty is a perceived lack of support, often as a result of cultural dislocation and social isolation. Significant barriers to help-seeking include the perception that limited assistance is available and reluctance to share personal information with an unknown clinician. Preferred therapeutic approaches include the use of clinical consultants from the same or similar culture, as well as practical and emotional support rather than medical management of symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinicians should be aware of psychosocial issues in this vulnerable population. Group programmes with a focus on education about mental and physical health, available supports, and socialisation are effective in engaging and assisting pregnant migrant women.
authors.affiliation: Sydney Local Health District, Campsie, NSW, Australia. alice.neale@sswahs.nsw.gov.au
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Neale
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wand
mesh_terms: D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006801:Humans; D018743:Perinatal Care; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors; D063189:Symptom Assessment; D014171:Transients and Migrants / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: anxiety; depression; migrant women; perinatal period