title: Contrast water therapy and exercise induced muscle damage: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: The aim of this systematic review was to examine the effect of Contrast Water Therapy (CWT) on recovery following exercise induced muscle damage. Controlled trials were identified from computerized literature searching and citation tracking performed up to February 2013. Eighteen trials met the inclusion criteria; all had a high risk of bias. Pooled data from 13 studies showed that CWT resulted in significantly greater improvements in muscle soreness at the five follow-up time points (<6, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours) in comparison to passive recovery. Pooled data also showed that CWT significantly reduced muscle strength loss at each follow-up time (<6, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours) in comparison to passive recovery. Despite comparing CWT to a large number of other recovery interventions, including cold water immersion, warm water immersion, compression, active recovery and stretching, there was little evidence for a superior treatment intervention. The current evidence base shows that CWT is superior to using passive recovery or rest after exercise; the magnitudes of these effects may be most relevant to an elite sporting population. There seems to be little difference in recovery outcome between CWT and other popular recovery interventions.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Sport, Expertise and Performance, Institut National du Sport, de l'Expertise et de la Performance (INSEP), Paris, France. francois.bieuzen@insep.fr
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bieuzen
authors.forename: Chris M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Bleakley
authors.forename: Joseph Thomas
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Costello
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006875:Hydrotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000293:injuries* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D009135:Muscular Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult