title: Is ADHD in childhood associated with lifetime hoarding symptoms? An epidemiological study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although hoarding symptoms have been traditionally conceptualized as part of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), recent data suggest that they may be more closely related to attention-deficit hyperactivity (ADHD) symptoms and, in particular, inattention. The aim of the present epidemiological study was to investigate the association between retrospectively reported ADHD symptoms in childhood and lifetime hoarding symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospectively reported childhood ADHD, and lifetime hoarding and obsessive-compulsive symptoms were assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview 3.0 in a random subsample of individuals (n = 2,963) participating in a cross-sectional survey of the adult general population of nine European countries, as part of the World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lifetime hoarding symptoms were more common among individuals with childhood ADHD symptoms than those without ADHD symptoms (8.9% versus 2.7%, P = 0.024). Childhood inattention (but not hyperactivity) was associated with lifetime hoarding symptoms (OR = 6.04, 95% CI = 3.59-10.1) and this association remained significant after controlling for the presence of obsessive-compulsive symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Longitudinal studies are now needed to explore the hypothesis that inattention symptoms in childhood may be a precursor of hoarding difficulties later in life.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Addictions (INAD), Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain. Miguel.Fullana@kcl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Miquel A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Fullana
authors.forename: Gemma
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vilagut
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mataix-Cols
authors.forename: Núria Duran
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Adroher
authors.forename: Ronny
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bruffaerts
authors.forename: Brendan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bunting
authors.forename: Jose M Caldas
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: de Almeida
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Florescu
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: de Girolamo
authors.forename: Ron
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: de Graaf
authors.forename: Josep M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Haro
authors.forename: Viviane
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kovess
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alonso
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D000067836:Hoarding Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: anxiety; attention-deficit hyperactivity; epidemiology; hoarding disorder; obsessive-compulsive disorder