title: [The significance of high-resolution ultrasonography in the diagnosis of peripheral nerve disorders].
abstract: High resolution ultrasonography is an emerging technique for the investigation of peripheral nerves and is increasingly used worldwide in the diagnosis of peripheral nerve disorders, however, until now it is not widespread in Hungary. According to the literature this method is especially useful in entrapment neuropathies, traumatic peripheral nerve injuries, tumors of the peripheral nerves and sonographically guided interventions. Ultrasonography allows precise morphological analysis and quantitative measurements of the nerves providing useful complementary information to electrodiagnostic data. In entrapment neuropathies ultrasound shows nerve swelling mainly proximal to the sites of compression and a focal change of echotexture. On longitudinal scan, an abrupt caliber change and spindle-like swelling of the compressed nerve segment can be seen. Evaluation of the anatomical background and visualisation of the postoperative and posttraumatic changes provide useful information for planning of the therapy. Ultrasound may be of significant help in localizing the pathological nerve segment when it is at an electrophysiologically inaccessible site or when substantial secondary axonal loss precludes precise electrophysiological localization and it might even show pathological changes when nerve conduction studies are normal. Contrary to electrophysiological investigation ultrasonography might discover neurotmesis in the akute phase of traumatic nerve injuries indicating the necessity of surgical intervention. We provide a summary of the main indications and further application areas of this method.
authors.affiliation: Semmelweis Egyetem, Altalános Orvostudományi Kar, Neurológiai Klinika, Budapest. erika.scheidl@gmail.com
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Scheidl
authors.forename: Josef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Böhm
authors.forename: Zsófia
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Farbaky
authors.forename: Róbert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Debreczeni
authors.forename: Dániel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bereczki
authors.forename: Zsuzsanna
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Arányi
mesh_terms: D002349:Carpal Tunnel Syndrome / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D004594:Electrophysiology; D006801:Humans; D006814:Hungary; D009408:Nerve Compression Syndromes / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D010525:Peripheral Nerves / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010523:Peripheral Nervous System Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011115:Polyneuropathies / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards