title: Single-port and four-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy: difference in outcomes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patients prefer minimally invasive procedures with fast recovery, minimal pain and good cosmesis. Single-port cholecystectomy may decrease the need for narcotic pain medication and thus shorten recovery. Outcome-based evidence for this procedure is still being assembled.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single-port cholecystectomy patients were matched based on age and gender with control patients undergoing four-port cholecystectomy during the same time. The primary endpoint was in hospital use of narcotic pain medication, measured by morphine equivalents. Secondary endpoints were operative time and length of stay. Statistical analysis was done by Student's t-test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty patients (36 women, 14 men) underwent single port cholecystectomy between 11/2009-7/2012 and 50 patients underwent traditional cholecystectomy during the same time period. All patients were matched within 10 years of age. Morbidity was 4% for the single port group, 0% for the traditional cholecystectomy. There were no conversions to open cholecystectomy. The single-port group required a median of 29.0 mg (range, 8.7-180 mg) morphine equivalents of pain medication and the control group required a median of 33.2 mg (range, 0-185.7 mg) morphine equivalents (P=0.04). Single port cholecystectomy operative times were longer (median, 85 vs. 77 minutes, P=0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this small study, there is a statistically significant difference in narcotic use during the initial hospital stay was measured between the two groups. After the initial ten cases, the operative time for single-port cholecystectomy approximated the standard four-port cholecystectomy. Prospective randomized controlled trials are necessary to investigate differences in outcomes between the two approaches.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kunkala
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bingener
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Scott Harmsen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McConico
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Reid Lombardo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000379:methods*; D004363:Drug Utilization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004954:Esthetics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009294:Narcotics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D057240:Patient Preference; D011229:Preanesthetic Medication; D012107:Research Design; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D009294:Narcotics