title: Updating the FORECAST formative evaluation approach and some implications for ameliorating theory failure, implementation failure, and evaluation failure.
abstract: Historically, there has been considerable variability in how formative evaluation has been conceptualized and practiced. FORmative Evaluation Consultation And Systems Technique (FORECAST) is a formative evaluation approach that develops a set of models and processes that can be used across settings and times, while allowing for local adaptations and innovations. FORECAST integrates specific models and tools to improve limitations in program theory, implementation, and evaluation. In the period since its initial use in a federally funded community prevention project in the early 1990s, evaluators have incorporated important formative evaluation innovations into FORECAST, including the integration of feedback loops and proximal outcome evaluation. In addition, FORECAST has been applied in a randomized community research trial. In this article, we describe updates to FORECAST and the implications of FORECAST for ameliorating failures in program theory, implementation, and evaluation.
authors.affiliation: University of South Carolina, Department of Psychology, Columbia, SC 29208, USA. katzj@mailbox.sc.edu
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.forename: Abraham
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wandersman
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Goodman
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Griffin
authors.forename: Dawn K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schillaci
mesh_terms: D006284:Health Plan Implementation / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D017146:Models, Organizational; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D015397:Program Evaluation / Q000379:methods*; D014481:United States