title: Development of a novel emergency hemostatic kit for severe hemorrhage.
abstract: Photocrosslinkable chitosan (Az-CH-LA) contains lactose moieties and photoreactive azide groups, and its viscous solution forms an insoluble hydrogel on exposure to UV irradiation. We previously developed an emergency hemostatic kit using the Az-CH-LA solution, calcium alginate, and a UV irradiation apparatus. However, a suitable UV irradiation apparatus is required to effectively convert the Az-CH-LA solution into a hydrogel, and power supply to use the UV irradiation apparatus may not always be available in a disaster area or battlefield. To address this problem, we produced a portable, battery-powered UV irradiation apparatus constituting a novel hemostatic kit for severe hemorrhage. When the hemostatic kit using the UV irradiation apparatus was examined using a rat model of severe hemorrhage, the survival rate increased up to 73%. Hematological values as markers of hemorrhage did not change significantly over the first 3 days. In this study, we describe the characteristics of a portable UV irradiation apparatus and its use in an emergency hemostatic kit prepared using Az-CH-LA and calcium alginate for severe hemorrhage.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biomedical Engineering, Research Institute, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan. h2@ndmc.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hidemi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hattori
authors.forename: Yoshiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Amano
authors.forename: Yashiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nogami
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawakami
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yura
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishihara
mesh_terms: D000464:Alginates / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D048271:Chitosan / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D011211:Electric Power Supplies; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000379:methods*; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy*; D006489:Hemostatic Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006490:Hemostatics / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D020100:Hydrogels; D008297:Male; D055668:Photochemical Processes; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D015415:Biomarkers; D006490:Hemostatics; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D020100:Hydrogels; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D048271:Chitosan