title: ADSEAT--Adaptive Seat to Reduce Neck Injuries for Female and Male Occupants.
abstract: Neck injuries sustained in low severity vehicle crashes are of worldwide concern and the risk is higher for females than for males. The objective of the study was to provide guidance on how to evaluate protective performance of vehicle seat designs aiming to reduce the incidence of neck injuries for female and male occupants. The objective was achieved by reviewing injury risk, establishing anthropometric data of an average female, performing dynamic volunteer tests comprising females and males, and developing a finite element model, EvaRID, of an average female. With respect to injury criteria, it was concluded based on the tests that using NIC (with a lower threshold value) and Nkm (with reduced intercept values) for females would be a suitable starting point. Virtual impact simulations with seats showed that differences were found in the response of the BioRID II and EvaRID models, for certain seats.
authors.affiliation: The Swedish Road and Transport Research Institute, VTI, Box 8072, 412 78 Gothenburg, Sweden. Electronic address: astrid.linder@vti.se.
authors.forename: Astrid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Linder
authors.forename: Sylvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schick
authors.forename: Wolfram
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hell
authors.forename: Mats
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Svensson
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carlsson
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lemmen
authors.forename: Kai-Uwe
authors.initials: KU
authors.lastname: Schmitt
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gutsche
authors.forename: Ernst
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tomasch
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic; D000886:Anthropometry; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008348:Manikins; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011482:Protective Devices / Q000592:standards*; D012737:Sex Factors; D014584:User-Computer Interface; D014911:Whiplash Injuries / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*
keywords: Average female; Crash test dummy; Finite element model; Whiplash