title: Application of advanced magnetic resonance imaging techniques in evaluation of the lower extremity.
abstract: This article reviews current magnetic resonance imaging (MR imaging) techniques for imaging the lower extremity, focusing on imaging of the knee, ankle, and hip joints. Recent advancements in MR imaging include imaging at 7 T, using multiple receiver channels, T2* imaging, and metal suppression techniques, allowing more detailed visualization of complex anatomy, evaluation of morphologic changes within articular cartilage, and imaging around orthopedic hardware.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Hillary J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Braun
authors.forename: Jason L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Dragoo
authors.forename: Brian A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Hargreaves
authors.forename: Marc E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Levenston
authors.forename: Garry E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Gold
mesh_terms: D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D007869:Leg Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology