title: Hospital utilization, costs, and mortality for adults with multiple chronic conditions, Nationwide Inpatient Sample, 2009.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our objective was to provide a national estimate across all payers of the distribution and cost of selected chronic conditions for hospitalized adults in 2009, stratified by demographic characteristics.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS), the largest all-payer inpatient database in the United States. Use, cost, and mortality estimates across payer, age, sex, and race/ethnicity are produced for grouped or multiple chronic conditions (MCC). The 5 most common dyads and triads were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 2009, there were approximately 28 million adult discharges from US hospitals other than those related to pregnancy and maternity; 39% had 2 to 3 MCC, and 33% had 4 or more. A higher number of MCC was associated with higher mortality, use of services, and average cost. The percentages of Medicaid, privately insured patients, and ethnic/racial groups with 4 or more MCC were highly sensitive to age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This descriptive analysis of multipayer inpatient data provides a robust national view of the substantial use and costs among adults hospitalized with MCC.
authors.affiliation: Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, Center for Delivery, Organization and Markets, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 540 Gaither Rd, Rockville, MD 20850, USA. Claudia.Steiner@ahrq.hhs.gov
authors.forename: Claudia A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Steiner
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Friedman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D033182:Intention; D012944:Social Support