title: Operator independent focused high frequency ISM band for fat reduction: porcine model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Selective fat reduction has been clearly shown for various methods and energy modalities including cryolipolysis and high intensity focused thermal ultrasound. Mathematical modeling of focused high frequency of the EM spectrum has indicated that selective heating of fat is possible using wavelengths not previous explored. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate in the porcine model that selective heating of fat is possible with a non-contact, operator independent device.
  
  
  METHODS
  High frequencies of the Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) RF band were utilized to reduce abdominal fat in a porcine model. Practical application of mathematical modeling allowed an auto-feedback loop to be developed to allow operator independent adjustment of energy to maintain subcutaneous fat at 45-46°C while overlying skin remained at 40-41°C.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatments of three Vietnamese pigs were performed under anesthesia in a certified veterinary facility. Gross and microscopic histologic results demonstrated a marked reduction in adipocytes of the treated area after 4 treatments of a total of 30 minutes each, with incremental fat diminution after each treatment. A final 70% reduction of the abdominal fat layer was seen in the treated areas. Duplex ultrasound revealed a reduction of fat layer from 7.6 to 2.9 mm. Histologic evaluation revealed that epidermis, dermis, and adnexal structures such as hair follicles were unaffected by the treatment, while adipocytes were significantly affected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A new model of fat reduction using high frequency RF has been successfully achieved in a porcine model. This has very positive implications in the development of an operator independent, contact free device for reduction of fat in clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: MD Laser, Skin & Vein Institute, Baltimore, Maryland 21030, USA. rweiss@mdlsv.com
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Beasley
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vrba
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bernardy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D001706:Biopsy; D003357:Cosmetic Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D008066:Lipolysis; D050507:Subcutaneous Fat, Abdominal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D013552:Swine; D014463:Ultrasonography