title: Biological and biomedical (14)C-accelerator mass spectrometry and graphitization of carbonaceous samples.
abstract: Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) is the ultimate technique for measuring rare isotopes in small samples. Biological and biomedical applications of (14)C-AMS (bio-(14)C-AMS) commenced in the early 1990s and are now widely used in many research fields including pharmacology, toxicology, food, and nutrition. For accurate, precise, and reproducible bio-(14)C-AMS analysis, the graphitization step in sample preparation is the most critical step. So, various sample preparation methods for a process called graphitization have been reported for specific applications. Catalytic graphitization using either a flame-sealed borosilicate tube or a septa-sealed vial is a popular sample preparation method for bio-(14)C-AMS. In this review, we introduce the AMS system, especially for bio-(14)C-AMS. In addition, we also review the graphitization method for bio-(14)C-AMS to promote further understanding and improvement of sample preparation for this technique. Examples of catalytic graphitization methods over the past two decades are described.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Bioscience, College of Life and Environmental Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ill-Min
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Seung-Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000054:Acceleration; D053000:Analytic Sample Preparation Methods; D000818:Animals; D001695:Biology; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D006108:Graphite