title: 1,1-Diphenyl,2-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging, bactericidal, fungicidal and leishmanicidal properties of Teucrium stocksianum.
abstract: In the present study, we evaluated the pharmacological and toxicological effects of Teucrium stocksianum. The crude extract of T. stocksianum (Ts.Cr) and its subsequent organic fractions: n-hexane (Ts.Hex), chloroform (Ts.CHCl3) and ethyl acetate (Ts.EtAc) exhibited 1,1-diphenyl,2-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging activity with different potencies. Ts.EtAc was found to be most potent. Ts.Cr, Ts.Hex, Ts.CHCl3 and Ts.EtAc showed significant bactericidal activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Shigella flexneri and Bacillus subtilis at their extent. Ts.Cr, Ts.Hex, Ts.CHCl3 and Ts.EtAc displayed fungicidal action against Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus and Fusarium solani at various minimum inhibitory concentrations. Ts.Cr and Ts.EtAc exhibited marked inhibition of Leishmania tropica growth, observed after 48 and 96 hrs of treatment. These data indicate that the T. stocksianum methanolic extract and its resultant fractions possess antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal and antileishmanial activities. Thus, the present research unearths the scientific base for T. stocksianum medicinal application as antioxidant and antimicrobial agents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan Department of Chemistry, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Syed Majid
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ayaz
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan Department of Pharmacology, Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan arif.ullah@riphah.edu.pk arifullahkhan979@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Arif-Ullah
authors.initials: AU
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Dir (L), Pakistan.
authors.forename: Farhat
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ullah
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan.
authors.lastname: Farhan
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Azhar-ul-Haq Ali
authors.initials: AU
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Hamid
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iqbal
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Sajid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hussain
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001231:Aspergillus flavus / Q000187:drug effects; D001232:Aspergillus fumigatus / Q000187:drug effects; D001234:Aspergillus niger / Q000187:drug effects; D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000187:drug effects; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005670:Fusarium / Q000187:drug effects; D007895:Leishmania tropica / Q000187:drug effects; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D012485:Salmonella typhi / Q000187:drug effects; D012763:Shigella flexneri / Q000187:drug effects; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D031367:Teucrium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Teucrium stocksianum; antibacterial; antifungal; antileishmanial; antioxidant