title: Cholecalciferol supplementation in HIV-infected youth with vitamin D insufficiency: effects on vitamin D status and T-cell phenotype: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In addition to its known effects on bone metabolism, vitamin D may regulate immune function.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to test whether cholecalciferol supplementation can improve vitamin D status and affect the T-cell phenotype in HIV-infected youth with vitamin D insufficiency.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-two HIV-infected patients aged 8 to 26 years and with serum 25(OH) D <30 ng/mL were randomized to receive orally vitamin D3 100,000 IU or placebo every 3 months for 4 doses. Serum 25(OH)D, 1,25(OH)2D, PTH, and CD4+ T cells were assessed 3 months before baseline and at 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months, while Th1-, Th2-, Th17-, and Treg-subsets and T-lymphocyte vitamin D receptor were assessed at 0, 3, and 12 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-eight subjects (25 receiving vitamin D and 23 receiving placebo) completed the RCT. Cholecalciferol supplementation produced an early (3 months) decrease in PTH, a concomitant increase in 25(OH)D, and a later (6 months) increase in 1,25(OH)2D levels, all persisting at 12 months. The frequency of vitamin D insufficiency at 12 months was 20% versus 60% in the intervention versus placebo group (P = .007). Cholecalciferol supplementation had no effect on CD4+ T-cell counts but was associated with a decreased Th17:Treg ratio at 3 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our cohort of HIV-infected youth, a 12-month cholecalciferol supplementation increased 25(OH)D and 1-25(OH)2D and decreased PTH levels but had no effect on CD4+ T-cells. However, it was associated with changes in CD4+ T-cell phenotype, warranting further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Luigi Sacco Hospital - Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Vania
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Giacomet
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vigano
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Manfredini
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cerini
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bedogni
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mora
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Borelli
authors.forename: Daria
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Trabattoni
authors.forename: Gian Vincenzo
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Zuccotti
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D002648:Child; D002762:Cholecalciferol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D; D002762:Cholecalciferol; C097949:1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D