title: Prevalence of laryngopharyngeal reflux disease in patients with diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the prevalence of laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and report the correlation between LPRD and glycemic control, duration of the disease, and presence of neuropathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a cross-sectional study of 100 patients with T2DM and 33 controls matched according to age and gender. The reflux symptom index (RSI) was used to assess the presence of LPRD. A score greater than 10 was considered diagnostic of LPRD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-two percent of patients with T2DM had RSI above 10 versus 9.1% of controls. The difference was not statistically different (P value of 0.100). The average score of all symptoms of LPRD was higher in the diabetic group compared with the control group. There was a significant increase in the average score of "throat clearing" and "lump sensation in throat," with a borderline significant increase in "annoying cough" in patients with diabetes versus controls (respective P values of 0.03, 0.025, and 0.066). There was no correlation between LPRD and any of the demographic variables except neuropathy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with T2DM are more likely to have LPRD compared with controls. However, the prevalence of LPRD is not significantly higher in diabetic patients compared with controls. When present, LPRD correlates with neuropathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  2c.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, New York, NY 10017, USA.
authors.forename: Abdul-latif
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Hamdan
authors.forename: Jad
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jabbour
authors.forename: Randa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Barazi
authors.forename: Zeina
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Korban
authors.forename: Sami T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Azar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003929:Diabetic Neuropathies / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D057045:Laryngopharyngeal Reflux / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009519:New York City / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human