title: Alternate day fasting increases LDL particle size independently of dietary fat content in obese humans.
abstract: Alternate day fasting (ADF) with a low-fat (LF) diet increases low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particle size. Whether these beneficial effects can be reproduced by a high-fat (HF) ADF diet is unclear. This study compared an ADF-HF to an ADF-LF diet on plasma lipids, LDL size and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) size. Thirty-five obese subjects were randomized to an ADF-HF or ADF-LF diet for 10 weeks. Body weight decreased (P<0.0001) by 4.3±1.0 kg (4.8±1.1%) and 3.7±0.7 kg (4.2±0.8%) in the ADF-HF and ADF-LF group, respectively. LDL cholesterol was reduced (P<0.0001) by 19±8 mg/dl (18±5%) by ADF-HF and 28±7 mg/dl (25±3%) by ADF-LF. LDL particle size increased (P<0.005) by 3±1 Å in both groups. The proportion of small LDL particles decreased (P<0.005) by 8±2% and 11±3% in the ADF-HF and ADF-LF groups, respectively. HDL cholesterol and HDL size remained unchanged. Thus, our results suggest that the ADF-HF diet is equally as effective as the ADF-LF diet in improving LDL particle size and distribution.
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Klempel
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Kroeger
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Varady
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D018752:Diet, Fat-Restricted; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000178:diet therapy; D010316:Particle Size; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D004041:Dietary Fats; D014280:Triglycerides