title: Lysine-specific histone demethylase LSD1 and the dynamic control of chromatin.
abstract: The flavin adenine dinucleotide-dependent amine oxidase LSD1 is the first molecularly defined histone demethylase, which specifically demethylates H3K4me1/me2. The enzyme dynamically controls a large variety of biological processes and is associated with protein complexes controlling transcriptional repression and activation. Molecular analysis of the Drosophila LSD1 homolog revealed new insights into the epigenetic control of heterochromatin formation during early embryogenesis, the establishment of transcriptional gene silencing and the epigenetic mechanisms associated with the maintenance of stem cell identity in primordial germline cells. This review summarizes our recent knowledge about the control of enzymatic activity and molecular function of LSD1 enzyme complexes in different model organisms including Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Drosophila and mammals. Finally, new developments in applied cancer research based on molecular analysis of LSD1 in cancer cells are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biology, Developmental Genetics, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120 Halle, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rudolph
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Beuch
authors.forename: Gunter
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Reuter
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D063646:Carcinogenesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002453:Cell Cycle; D002843:Chromatin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004330:Drosophila / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020868:Gene Silencing; D056466:Histone Demethylases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008239:Lysine / Q000378:metabolism; D010089:Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012568:Schizosaccharomyces / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D029702:Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D029702:Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins; D056466:Histone Demethylases; C495195:KDM1A protein, human; C524804:Lsd-1 protein, Drosophila; D010089:Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating; D008239:Lysine