title: Comparison of Vibringe, EndoActivator, and needle irrigation on sealer penetration in extracted human teeth.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vibringe is a new device that allows continuous sonic irrigation of the canal system during endodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of different irrigation systems on sealer penetration into dentinal tubules of extracted single-rooted teeth.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty single-rooted human teeth were instrumented and randomly divided into 4 groups: group 1 (control), saline; group 2 (conventional irrigation), 17% EDTA followed by 6% NaOCl; group 3 (EndoActivator), same irrigants as group 2; group 4 (Vibringe), same irrigants as group 2. Obturation of all teeth was done with gutta-percha and SimpliSeal labeled with fluorescent dye. Transverse sections at 1 mm and 5 mm from the root apex were examined by using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Percentage and maximum depth of sealer penetration were measured by using NIS-Elements Br 3.0 imaging software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Groups 3 and 4 had a significantly greater percentage of the canal wall penetrated by sealer at the 5-mm level than group 1 (P < .0125), but not group 2. No other differences were found between the groups at either section level for both the percentage of sealer penetration and maximum depth. The 5-mm sections in each experimental group had a significantly higher percentage and maximum depth of sealer penetration than did the 1-mm sections (P < .0125).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of sonic activation with either the EndoActivator or Vibringe did not significantly improve the sealer penetration when compared with conventional irrigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Baylor College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, Dallas, Texas 75246, USA.
authors.forename: Jordan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Bolles
authors.forename: Jianing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Kathy K H
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Svoboda
authors.forename: Emet
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schneiderman
authors.forename: Gerald N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Glickman
mesh_terms: D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D003804:Dentin / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D004492:Edetic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004853:Epoxy Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006171:Gutta-Percha / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D009339:Needles; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013010:Sonication / Q000295:instrumentation; D013499:Surface Properties; D013594:Syringes; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D019227:Tooth Apex / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D004853:Epoxy Resins; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; C534916:epoxy resin-based root canal sealer; D006171:Gutta-Percha; D004492:Edetic Acid; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite