title: Metatarsophalangeal joint instability of the lesser toes.
abstract: Metatarsophalangeal joint instability of the lesser toes is a common finding and a common cause of metatarsalgia. The clinical presentation can include swelling without digital deformity; however, often, this can progress to the development of coronal and transverse plane malalignment. In some cases, frank metatarsophalangeal joint dislocation can develop. The treatment regimen has historically focused on indirect surgical realignment using soft tissue release, soft tissue reefing, tendon transfers, and periarticular osteotomies. An improved understanding of the plantar plate has recently led to the development of a clinical staging system and surgical grading system of plantar plate attenuation. A dorsal surgical approach, using a Weil osteotomy, allows the surgeon to directly access and repair or advance the plantar plate to the base of the proximal phalanx. The addition of direct plantar plate repair could be a significant advancement in the reconstruction and realignment of metatarsophalangeal joint instability.
authors.affiliation: Instructor, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Chattanooga, TN. Electronic address: jessd90@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Jesse F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Doty
authors.affiliation: Director of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Saint Alphonsus Regional Medical Center, Boise, ID.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Coughlin
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D037061:Metatarsalgia / Q000209:etiology*; D008683:Metatarsophalangeal Joint; D014034:Toes
keywords: claw toe; crossover toe; hammer toe; metatarsophalangeal joint; plantar plate