title: Parents of young people with self-harm or suicidal behaviour who seek help - a psychosocial profile.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Deliberate Self-Harm (DSH) is a common problem among children and adolescents in clinical and community populations, and there is a considerable amount of literature investigating factors associated with DSH risk and the effects of DSH on the child. However, there is a dearth of research examining the impact of DSH on parents, and there are few support programmes targeted at this population. This cross-sectional study examines the profile of a sample of parents of young people with DSH who participated in a support programme (Supporting Parents and Carers of young people with self-harm: the SPACE programme), with the goal of investigating pre-test parental well-being, family communication, parental satisfaction, perceived parental social support, and child strengths and difficulties.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 130 parents who attended the SPACE programme between 2009 and 2012, and who completed six questionnaires at baseline: the General Health Questionnaire-12, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, Kansas Parenting Satisfaction Scale, General Functioning Scale of the McMaster Family Assessment Device, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and a demographic questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The majority of parents met criteria for minor psychological distress (86%) and rated the quantity and severity of their children's difficulties as being in the abnormally high range (74%) at baseline. A majority of participants (61%) rated their perceived social support as being poor. Lower parental well-being was significantly correlated with poorer family communication, poorer parenting satisfaction, and a greater number of difficulties for the child. Perceived social support was not significantly correlated with parental well-being. Parents whose children were not attending school at baseline had significantly lower well-being scores than those whose children were. Parents whose children had received a formal diagnosis of a mental health disorder also had significantly lower well-being scores than those whose children had not.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Parents of young people with DSH behaviours face considerable emotional and practical challenges; they have low levels of well-being, parenting satisfaction, social support, and experience poor family communication. Given the importance of parental support for young people with DSH behaviours, consideration should be given to the need for individual or group support for such parents.
authors.affiliation: The Children's University Hospital, Temple Street, Dublin, Ireland. cfitzpatrick@mater.ie.
authors.forename: Sophia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: Eóin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rickard
authors.forename: Martha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Noone
authors.forename: Carole
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Boylan
authors.forename: Andreé
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carthy
authors.forename: Sinead
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Crowley
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Butler
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guerin
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fitzpatrick