title: NAD and ADP-ribose metabolism in mitochondria.
abstract: Mitochondrial metabolism is intimately connected to the universal coenzyme NAD. In addition to its role in redox reactions of energy transduction, NAD serves as substrate in regulatory reactions that lead to its degradation. Importantly, all types of the known NAD-consuming signalling reactions have been reported to take place in mitochondria. These reactions include the generation of second messengers, as well as post-translational protein modifications such as ADP-ribosylation and protein deacetylation. Therefore, the availability and redox state of NAD emerged as important factors in the regulation of mitochondrial metabolism. Molecular mechanisms and targets of mitochondrial NAD-dependent protein deacetylation and mono-ADP-ribosylation have been established, whereas poly-ADP-ribosylation and NAD-derived messenger generation in the organelles await in-depth characterization. In this review, we highlight the major NAD-dependent reactions occurring within mitochondria and describe their metabolic and regulatory functions. We also discuss the metabolic fates of the NAD-degradation products, nicotinamide and ADP-ribose, and how the mitochondrial NAD pool is restored.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dölle
authors.forename: Johannes G M
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Rack
authors.forename: Mathias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ziegler
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation; D000246:Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism*; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009243:NAD / Q000378:metabolism*; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D056566:Sirtuin 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D037761:Sirtuins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D009243:NAD; D000246:Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose; C466093:SIRT3 protein, human; C508544:SIRT5 protein, human; D056566:Sirtuin 3; D037761:Sirtuins
keywords: ADP-ribosylation; Acetyl-CoA; NAD biosynthesis; calcium signalling; compartmentation; deacetylation; posttranslational modification; sirtuins