title: Epiretinal membrane recurrence: incidence, characteristics, evolution, and preventive and risk factors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To evaluate the incidence, evolution, clinical characteristics, possible risk factors or preventive factors, and visual outcomes of epiretinal membrane (ERM) recurrence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study of 440 consecutive patients (440 eyes) who underwent pars plana vitrectomy for ERM. The internal limiting membrane (ILM) was peeled in 266 cases, with the help of indocyanine green in 27 cases and brilliant blue in 45 cases. Cases of symptomatic ERM recurrence were reoperated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of ERM recurrence was 5% (22/440), and 2% of the patients were reoperated (9/440). Epiretinal membrane recurrence was symptomatic in 9 cases (41%) and asymptomatic in 13 cases (59%). ILM peeling was the only factor preventing ERM recurrence (adjusted odds ratio = 0.33, P = 0.026). The use of staining dyes did not prevent recurrence (adjusted odds ratio = 0.35, P = 0.338). In the case of ERM reproliferation, the absence of ILM peeling, the existence of ERM on the fellow eye, and poor visual acuity before surgery seemed to be associated with a high risk of symptomatic recurrence and reoperation. The mean duration for follow-up was 3.5 ± 1.7 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ILM peeling not only reduces the likelihood of reproliferation of ERM but also seems to improve the visual prognosis of recurrent ERMs. The use of dyes did not reduce the rate of recurrence compared with when ILM was peeled without dyes.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Ophthalmology V and ‡Department of Ophthalmology IV, Quinze-Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital, Paris, France; and †National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Cordeliers Research Center, Team 17, Physiopathology of Ocular Diseases, Therapeutic Innovations, Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Otman
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sandali
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: El Sanharawi
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Basli
authors.forename: Sebastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bonnel
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lecuen
authors.forename: Pierre-Olivier
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Barale
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Borderie
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Laroche
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Monin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D004396:Coloring Agents; D019773:Epiretinal Membrane / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007208:Indocyanine Green; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012008:Recurrence; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology; D014821:Vitrectomy
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes; D007208:Indocyanine Green; C004692:coomassie Brilliant Blue