title: Multi-country evaluation of affective experience: validation of an abbreviated version of the day reconstruction method in seven countries.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Day Reconstruction Method (DRM) was developed to assess affective states as measures of experienced well-being. The present study aimed to validate an abbreviated version of the DRM in a representative sample of the population in seven countries (China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russia, South Africa, and Spain), and to examine whether there are country differences in affect and in the relationships among the activities based on the similarity of the affect associated with each of them.
  
  
  METHODS
  Interviews were conducted with 47,222 non-institutionalized adults from seven countries, using an abbreviated version of the DRM. A cluster analysis was carried out to classify activities on the basis of the similarity of the associated affect. In each country, the factorial structure of the affect adjectives was tested through Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Internal consistency and construct validity were also assessed. Moreover, the differences in affect across countries and the diurnal cycles of affect were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The DRM showed adequate psychometric properties regarding reliability and construct validity in all countries. Respondents from Ghana and South Africa reported more positive net affect whereas Indian respondents reported less positive net affect. Most of the countries showed a similar diurnal variation of affect, which tended to improve throughout the day.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results show that this abbreviated version of the DRM is a useful tool for multi-country evaluation of experienced well-being.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: José Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Ayuso-Mateos
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miret
authors.forename: Francisco Félix
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Caballero
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Olaya
authors.forename: Josep Maria
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Haro
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kowal
authors.forename: Somnath
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chatterji
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000523:psychology*; D000368:Aged; D002681:China; D004522:Educational Status; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D005869:Ghana; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico; D008875:Middle Aged; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012426:Russia; D013019:South Africa; D013030:Spain; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires