title: Biotransformation of chloro-substituted indoles to indigoids by phenol hydroxylase from Arthrobacter sp. W1.
abstract: Recombinant Escherichia coli cells expressing phenol hydroxylase (designated as strain PH(IND)) were used to synthesize chloro-substituted indigoids by the transformation of indoles. The optimal conditions for the biotransformation of 4- and 7-chloroindole were determined by response surface methodology. Biotransformation kinetic assays revealed that strain PH(IND) showed high catalytic efficiency for 4- and 7-chloroindole. The formation rate of 7,7'-dichloroindigo (1.35 unit/mg cell dry weight) by strain PH(IND) was 1.14-fold higher than that of 4,4'-dichloroindigo. The intermediates of 7-chloroindole biotransformation were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy, and the biotransformation mechanism was also proposed. These results suggested that there was a potential application of strain PH(IND) in the biotransformation of chloro-substituted indoles to valuable indigoids.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
authors.forename: Shengnan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Tieheng
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Ang
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jiti
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Yuanyuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qu
mesh_terms: D001173:Arthrobacter / Q000201:enzymology*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D003470:Culture Media / Q000378:metabolism; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007211:Indoles / Q000378:metabolism*; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D003470:Culture Media; D007211:Indoles; C062517:4-chloroindole; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases; C022336:phenol 2-monooxygenase; D005947:Glucose