title: Preventing hospital admissions by reviewing medication (PHARM) in primary care: an open controlled study in an elderly population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Limited and conflicting evidence exists on the effect of a multicomponent pharmaceutical care intervention (i.e. medication review, involving collaboration between general practitioners (GPs), pharmacists and patients) on medication-related hospitalizations, survival, adverse drug events (ADEs) and quality of life. We aimed to investigate the effect of a multicomponent pharmaceutical care intervention on these outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  An open controlled multicentre study was conducted within primary care settings. Patients with a high risk on medication-related hospitalizations based on old age, use of five or more medicines, non-adherence and type of medication used were included. The intervention consisted of a patient interview, a review of the pharmacotherapy and the execution and follow-up evaluation of a pharmaceutical care plan. The patient's own pharmacist and GP carried out the intervention. The control group received usual care and was cared for by a GP other than the intervention GP. The primary outcome of the study was the frequency of hospital admissions related to medication within the study period of 12 months for each patient. Secondary outcomes were survival, quality of life and ADEs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  364 intervention and 310 control patients were included. Less medication-related hospital admissions were found in the intervention group (n = 6; 1·6%) than in the control group (n = 10; 3·2%) but the overall effect was not statistically significant (hazard ratio (HR) 0·50, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0·12-1·59). The secondary outcomes were not statistically significantly different either. The study was underpowered, which may explain the negative results. A post hoc analysis showed that the effect of the intervention was statistically significant for patients with five diseases or more: five diseases, HR 0·28 (95% bootstrap CI: 0·056-0·73) and eight diseases, HR 0·11 (95% CI: 0·013-0·34).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A multicomponent pharmaceutical care intervention does not prevent medication-related hospital admissions. Whether this is true for such interventions in general is unknown, because the PHARM study was underpowered. The intervention may significantly reduce medication-related hospitalizations in patients with five or more comorbidities, but this is only based on a post hoc analysis and thus needs confirmation in large controlled trials.
authors.affiliation: Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Leendertse
authors.forename: G H P
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: de Koning
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Goudswaard
authors.forename: S V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Belitser
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Verhoef
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: de Gier
authors.forename: A C G
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Egberts
authors.forename: P M L A
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: van den Bemt
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017723:Drug Utilization Review / Q000379:methods*; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D055118:Medication Adherence; D010593:Pharmaceutical Services / Q000592:standards*; D019338:Polypharmacy; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000379:methods*
keywords: medication review; medication-related hospitalizations; pharmaceutical care