title: Advanced magnetic resonance imaging in pediatric multiple sclerosis.
abstract: This review summarizes results from studies that have applied advanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging techniques to patients with pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (MS), and includes a discussion of cortical imaging techniques, volumetry, magnetization transfer and diffusion tensor imaging, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and functional MR imaging. Multicenter studies on the sensitivity of these techniques to natural history of disease and treatment response are required before their implementation into clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Demyelinating Disease Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Leonard H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Verhey
authors.forename: John G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Sled
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000870:Anterior Horn Cells / Q000473:pathology; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003711:Demyelinating Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D018450:Disease Progression; D004673:Encephalomyelitis, Acute Disseminated / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D009413:Nerve Fibers, Myelinated / Q000473:pathology*; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D009900:Optic Nerve / Q000473:pathology*; D003294:Seizures, Febrile / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones