title: Congenital hydrocephalus in the northeast of Brazil: epidemiological aspects, prenatal diagnosis, and treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Congenital hydrocephalus (CH) has higher proportions in developing countries such as Brazil, reaching rates of 3.16:1,000 newborns. Early diagnosis is essential and can be done during the second trimester of pregnancy, highlighting the importance of regular prenatal care. Our objective is to describe the epidemiological profile of children with CH in the state of Bahia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive medical records of patients with CH, aged less than 2 years and operated at a pediatric reference hospital between September 2009 and September 2012, were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred twenty-one children underwent ventricular peritoneal shunt (VP shunt) due to CH. As for prenatal care, 38% of pregnant women did it regularly. Males predominated with 56% of cases with a median age of 3 months, and 68% were from the countryside area. The most frequent clinical manifestations were bulging fontanelle (37%) and increased head circumference (30%). There were 13 (11%) reports of complications associated with VP shunts. There were nine deaths (7%), and respiratory complications were the main cause.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Public health measures are the key to increase mothers' knowledge about the importance of regular prenatal monitoring. There was a predominance of male children, with a median age of 3 months, with the majority coming from the countryside.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Neurosurgical Unit, Hospital Pediátrico Martagão Gesteira (Salvador/Bahia/Brazil), Jose Duarte 114, Tororó, CEP 40.000.000, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, robertotude@martagaogesteira.org.br.
authors.forename: José Roberto Tude
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Melo
authors.forename: Emília Nunes
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: de Melo
authors.forename: Angela Gomes
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: de Vasconcellos
authors.forename: Pollyana
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pacheco
mesh_terms: D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000151:congenital / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis; D017287:Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt