title: Synergistic interaction of benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostatitis on prostate cancer risk.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The incidence of prostate cancer is much lower in Asian men than in Western men. This study investigated whether prostate cancer is associated with prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and other medical conditions in the low-incidence population.
  
  
  METHODS
  From the claims data obtained from the universal National Health Insurance of Taiwan, we identified 1184 patients with prostate cancer diagnosed from 1997 to 2008. Controls comprised 4736 men randomly selected from a cancer-free population. Both groups were 50 years of age or above. Medical histories between the two groups were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that prostatitis and BPH had stronger association with prostate cancer than the other medical conditions tested. Compared with men without prostatitis and BPH, a higher odds ratio (OR) for prostate cancer was associated with BPH (26.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) 20.8-33.0) than with prostatitis (10.5, 95% CI=3.36-32.7). Men with both conditions had an OR of 49.2 (95% CI=34.7-69.9).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Men with prostate cancer have strong association with prostatitis and/or BPH. Prostatitis interacts with BPH, resulting in higher estimated relative risk of prostate cancer in men suffering from both conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Nantou Hospital, Nantou, Taiwan.
authors.forename: S-C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.forename: S-W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: P-Y
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: P-C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: H-C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: W-H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: F-C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Sung
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001208:Asia; D015897:Comorbidity; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011472:Prostatitis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012306:Risk
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen