title: The effect of local simvastatin application on critical size defects in the diabetic rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate bone-healing effects of local simvastatin application to critical size defects (CSDs) in the experimental diabetes mellitus (DM) rat model.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 35 male Sprague-Dawley rats with an average weight of 350 g and aged 3 months were used in this study. The rats were divided into five groups of seven animals each: passive control (group A), active control (group B), 0.5 mg simvastatin (group C), 1.0 mg simvastatin (group D), and 1.5 mg simvastatin (group E). Streptozotocin was used to induce Type 1 diabetes in all rats. Eight mm CSDs were created under anesthesia in each rat calvarium. CSDs were left empty in group A. Defects in group B were grafted alone with a gelatin sponge mixed with normal saline. Defects in the experimental groups (groups A, B, and C) were grafted with gelatin sponge mixed saline solutions contain 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 mg simvastatin. Rats were sacrificed after 1 month, and the defects were prepared for radiologic and histomorphometric assessment of regenerated bone.
  
  
  RESULTS
  None of the specimens exhibited complete closure of new bone across the 8-mm defect. A correlation between computed tomography and histomorphometric analysis was not determined. Both amount of volume and area of regenerated bone were found higher in the experimental groups than in the control groups. However, these values were not found statistically significant degree (P < 0.05) for each groups. The density of regenerated bone in the region of interest was higher in the control groups in contrast to in the experimental groups. However, statistical significance was just found between groups C and A and between groups C and B (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The local simvastatin application enhanced healing of the bone defects in the diabetic rat model CSDs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Bezmialem Vakif University, İstanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Şeref
authors.initials: Ş
authors.lastname: Ezirganlı
authors.forename: Hakkı O
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Kazancıoğlu
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mihmanlı
authors.forename: Mehmet Ş
authors.initials: MŞ
authors.lastname: Aydın
authors.forename: Rasul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sharifov
authors.forename: Alpay
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alkan
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D008297:Male; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D019821:Simvastatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012886:Skull / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000601:surgery*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D019821:Simvastatin
keywords: bone healing; computerized tomography; critical size defect; diabetic rat; histomorphometry; simvastatin