title: Anesthesia for ventricular assist device placement: experience from a single center.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Circulatory support with ventricular assist systems has become a treatment alternative for patients with end-stage heart failure owing to the donor shortage. In this report, we have presented our institution's clinical experience in the anesthetic management of ventricular assist device (VAD) implantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between April 2007 and August 2012, VAD implantation was performed in 84 adult patients with end-stage heart failure. The group included 75 male and 9 female patients of overall mean age, 47.6 ± 13.4 years. Our retrospective review analyzed elements of perioperative anesthetic care, including preoperative characteristics, general anesthetic care, and blood product usage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The indications for VAD implantation were dilated (n = 59; 70%) or ischemic cardiomyopathy (n = 25; 30%). An intra-aortic balloon pump had been placed in 16 patients. We monitored invasive arterial and central venous pressures as well as intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography. Etomidate was used as the induction agent in 79 of 84 patients (average dose, 18.75 ± 1.40 mg). Intraoperative fentanyl dose was 939.69 ± 212.44 μg. Anesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane (n = 55) or desflurane (n = 29). Dopamine, dobutamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and levosimendan were used in 74, 79, 60, 14, and 32 patients, respectively. Inhaled nitric oxide was administered to 38 subjects (45%). The amounts of perioperative blood, fresh frozen plasma, and thrombocyte suspension transfusions were 3.96 ± 2.78, 1.91 ± 1.21, 1.80 ± 2.48 u, respectively. On average, patients were extubated 13 hours after arrival in the intensive care unit and discharged therefrom on day 8. Thirty-one patients were successfully bridged to heart transplantation. While 27 patients (32%) died during the follow-up period, 26 are still living on VAD support.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among patients undergoing VAD implantation, the anesthesiologist should become familiar with the device and consider the severity of cardiac and other end-organ dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey. seden.kocabas@ege.edu.tr
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kocabas
authors.forename: F Z
authors.initials: FZ
authors.lastname: Askar
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yagdi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Engin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ozbaran
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000758:Anesthesia; D005260:Female; D006353:Heart-Assist Devices; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies