title: [Complication analysis of nipple retractor in correcting inverted nipple].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the complication of nipple retractor in correcting inverted nipples.
  
  
  METHODS
  51 patients (95 inverted nipples) who wore nipple retractor in our hospital were included. All the complications they suffered were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total complication rate was 32.63% (31/95 nipples), include areolar depigmentation (21.05%, 20/95), areolar pressure ulcer (5.26%, 5/29), wire dislocation (4.21%, 4/95), nipple necrosis (2.11%, 2/95).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Improper operation technique and insufficient post operation medical care are related with high complication rate of nipple retractor. The most common complication is areolar depigmentation, which will not result in nipple deformity or dysfunction. The nipple retractor could avoid additional scars and ductal injury, which is less traumatic than other techniques.
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100032, China.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Long
authors.forename: Ru
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Xiao-Jun
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001941:Breast Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016462:Mammaplasty / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D009989:Orthotic Devices; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult