title: Phantom shocks in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillator: results from a randomized rehabilitation trial (COPE-ICD).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this trial was to assess a combined rehabilitation intervention including an exercise training component and a psycho-educational component in patients treated with implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). The hypothesis was that the intervention would reduce the occurrence of phantom shocks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The design was secondary explorative analyses of data from a randomized controlled trial. One hundred and ninety-six patients with first-time ICD implantation (79% male, mean age 58 years) were randomized (1 : 1) to either combined rehabilitation or a control group receiving 'treatment as usual'. A total of 144 participants completed the 12-month follow-up. Intervention consisted of 12 weeks of exercise training and 1 year of psycho-educational follow-up focusing on modifiable factors associated with poor outcomes, e.g. phantom shocks. Outcome measures were ancillary questions regarding the experience of phantom shocks, date, time, and place. Twelve patients (9.4%) experienced a phantom shock, 7 in the intervention group and 5 in the control group (NS). Neither age, sex, quality of life nor perceived health at baseline was significantly related to the probability of occurrence of phantom shock.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Phantom shocks were experienced by about one in ten ICD patients, with no interventional effect found and no significant difference found regarding receiving an actual shock therapy among phantom shock patients. :
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT00569478).
authors.affiliation: The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Unit 2152, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark.
authors.forename: Selina Kikkenborg
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Berg
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Moons
authors.forename: Ann-Dorthe
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Zwisler
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Winkel
authors.forename: Birthe D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.forename: Preben Ulrich
authors.initials: PU
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.forename: Jesper Hastrup
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Svendsen
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable / Q000523:psychology; D003718:Denmark; D004554:Electric Countershock / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000523:psychology; D004597:Electroshock / Q000523:psychology*; D004868:Equipment Failure; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation; Exercise training; ICD; Phantom shock; Psycho-education