title: Development of child- and parent-report measures of behavioral avoidance related to childhood anxiety disorders.
abstract: The current report describes 3 studies conducted to develop 8-item child- and parent-report measures to further the understanding of the role of behavioral avoidance in the development, maintenance, and treatment of childhood anxiety disorders. Participants included both clinical (N=463; ages 8 to 12) and community (N=421; ages 7 to 18) samples of children and their parents from primarily Caucasian intact families. Follow-up data were collected from 104 families in the community sample. Overall, the measures were internally consistent and related to anxiety, distress, and alternative measures of avoidance in both samples. Parent report of children's behavioral avoidance evidenced the strongest psychometric properties, differentiated among clinical and community populations, and most importantly, predicted children's anxiety at least 8 months later over and above initial anxiety ratings. Moreover, decreases in avoidance were associated with successful exposure therapy. These results are consistent with the role of behavioral avoidance in the development of anxiety and provide an efficient tool for assessing the role of avoidance in clinical and research settings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, West 11, 200 First St., SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. Whiteside.Stephen@mayo.edu
authors.forename: Stephen P H
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Whiteside
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gryczkowski
authors.forename: Chelsea M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Ale
authors.forename: Amy M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Brown-Jacobsen
authors.forename: Denis M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: McCarthy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents; D011594:Psychometrics; D057566:Self Report; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires