title: [Neisseria gonorrhoeae: antimicrobial resistance and study of population dynamics. Situation in Barcelona in 2011].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Due to the high rates of antimicrobial resistance to certain antibiotics, together with the emergence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) with reduced susceptibility and resistance to third-generation cephalosporins, gonococcal infection is becoming a public health problem. The objectives of the study were: To keep track of the antimicrobial susceptibility of NG strains obtained from January to August 2011. To study the population dynamics.
  
  
  METHODS
  The antimicrobial susceptibility was studied by disk-diffusion and E-test. The genotyping was performed by NG-MAST method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of a total of 100strains studied, 59% showed intermediate sensitivity to penicillin and 9% were resistant. According to EUCAST, we detected 3gonococci with reduced susceptibility to ceftriaxone, 10 to cefixime and one with high-level resistance to both antibiotics (MIC 1.5μg/ml). MIC50 and MIC90 to cefixime were 0.016 and 0.125μg/ml, respectively, whereas to ceftriaxone they were <0.016 and 0.064μg/ml, respectively. Almost all (99%) of the strains were resistant to doxycycline, 53% to ciprofloxacin, 3% to azithromycin, and 1% to spectinomycin. The most prevalent ST was ST1407, predominantly associated to resistance or reduced sensitivity to cephalosporins or macrolides.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NG has developed significant rates of resistance to various antibiotics. One strain has been detected with high level resistance to third generation cephalosporins, and several strains with reduced susceptibility. An increase in MIC50 and MIC90 to these antibiotics has also been observed. NG population structure remains stable and common to the rest of Europe, although two new ST (ST7226 and ST7227) have been identified that could be selected and acquire high levels of resistance to cephalosporins.
authors.affiliation: Servei de Microbiología, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, España. Electronic address: juserra@vhebron.net.
authors.forename: Judit
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Serra-Pladevall
authors.forename: María Jesús
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Barberá-Gracia
authors.forename: Glòria
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Roig-Carbajosa
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Juvé-Saumell
authors.forename: Juan José
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Lopez
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bartolomé-Comas
authors.forename: Antònia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Andreu-Domingo
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D005260:Female; D006069:Gonorrhea / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009344:Neisseria gonorrhoeae / Q000187:drug effects*; D011157:Population Dynamics; D013030:Spain
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: Dinámica poblacional; Gonorrea; Gonorrhoea; Microbial sensitivity test; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Population dynamics; Test de sensibilidad antimicrobiana