title: Pediatric CT: strategies to lower radiation dose.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The introduction of MDCT has increased the utilization of CT in pediatric radiology along with concerns for radiation sequelae. This article reviews general principles of lowering radiation dose, the basic physics that impact radiation dose, and specific CT integrated dose-reduction tools focused on the pediatric population.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The goal of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of the recent literature regarding CT dose reduction methods, their limitations, and an outlook on future developments with a focus on the pediatric population. The discussion will initially focus on general considerations that lead to radiation dose reduction, followed by specific technical features that influence the radiation dose.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Redmond, WA, USA.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zacharias
authors.forename: Adam M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Alessio
authors.forename: Randolph K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Otto
authors.forename: Ramesh S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Iyer
authors.forename: Grace S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Philips
authors.forename: Jonathan O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Swanson
authors.forename: Mahesh M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Thapa
mesh_terms: D001822:Body Burden; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000379:methods*; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011835:Radiation Protection / Q000379:methods*; D011874:Radiometry / Q000379:methods*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*