title: Assessing dietary intake among infants and toddlers 0-24 months of age in Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize food and nutrient intake and develop a population-specific food list to be used as a comprehensive dietary assessment tool for Baltimore infants and toddlers aged 0-24 months. The data were used to inform the Growing Leaps and Bounds (GLB) program, which promotes early obesity prevention among Baltimore infants and toddlers.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional dietary survey using 24-hour recalls among randomly selected primary caregivers of infants and toddlers was conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data were collected from 84 children, (response rate 61%) 45 boys; 39 girls. Mean daily energy intakes were 677 kcal, 988 kcal, and 1,123 kcal for children 0-6 months, 7-12 months and 13-24 months, respectively. Infants 0-6 months had higher percentage of energy from fat (48%) than infants 7-12 months (34%) and 13-24 months (31%). Mean daily intakes for all nutrients among 0-12 months old were ≥ Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI), while toddlers 13-24 months had inadequate vitamins A, D, and E intake. Breastfeeding occurred in 33% of infants and toddlers 0 to 6 months, while less than 3% of those aged 7 to 24 months were breastfed. A 104-item food list with eight food and drink categories was developed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Infants were formula fed with a higher frequency than they were breastfed. The consumption of high-sugar and high-fat foods (e.g. sweetened drinks, French fries) increased with each age group, which can increase the risk of childhood obesity.
authors.forename: Sangita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Fariba
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kolahdooz
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Butler
authors.forename: Nadine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Budd
authors.forename: Berenice
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rushovich
authors.forename: Galina L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Mukhina
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gittelsohn
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Caballero
mesh_terms: D015142:Baltimore; D001942:Breast Feeding; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004034:Diet Surveys; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000032:analysis; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D041943:Infant Formula; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D014815:Vitamins / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D014815:Vitamins