title: Pragmatic exercise intervention in people with mild to moderate multiple sclerosis: a randomised controlled feasibility study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  People with Multiple Sclerosis (PwMS) are less physically active than the general population and pragmatic approaches designed to equip them with the skills and confidence to participate in long-term physical activity are required.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of a pragmatic exercise intervention in PwMS.
  
  
  METHODS
  A voluntary sample of 30 PwMS (male n = 4, female n = 26; mean age = 40 years; range = 24-49 years), with mild to moderate disability (EDSS ≤ 5.5), were recruited from eligible participants attending outpatient clinics. A total of 28 participants were randomised to a 10 week pragmatic exercise intervention (2× supervised and 1× home-based session per week) or usual care. Clinical, functional and quality of life (MSQoL-54) outcomes were assessed at baseline, immediately and 3 months after the intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Attrition was low (2 participants lost to immediate follow-up and 4 participants lost to 3 month follow-up), with high compliance rates (>75% of all sessions). The intervention group achieved progression of exercise volume (24.3 ± 7.0 to 30.9 ± 5.5 min per session), intensity (60.4 ± 8.8 to 67.7 ± 6.9% HR max) and training impulse (min × average HR=training impulse/load [arbitrary units; AU]) (2600 ± 1105 to 3210 ± 1269AU) during the intervention, whilst significantly increasing(P = 0.050) their physical composite score (MSQOL-54) at 10 weeks and readiness to exercise (P = 0.003) at 3 months compared with usual care.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This pragmatic intervention was feasible for PwMS, but further research is needed to assess its long-term impact on physical activity behaviour.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Sport and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health and Well-being, Sheffield Hallam University, Collegiate Crescent, Sheffield S10 2BP, UK. a.carter@shu.ac.uk
authors.forename: Anouska M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: Amanda J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Daley
authors.forename: Sue W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Kesterton
authors.forename: Nicola M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Woodroofe
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Saxton
authors.forename: Basil
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sharrack
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000628:therapy*; D011788:Quality of Life; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: AU; Arbitrary units; BMI; Body Mass Index; EDSS; EM; Exercise; Expanded Disability Status Score; Expectation Maximisation; Feasibility studies; GNDS; Guy's Neurological Disability Scale; HRQOL; Health Related Quality of Life; MSFC; MSQOL-54; Multiple Sclerosis; Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite; Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life-54; NHS; National Health Service; People with Multiple Sclerosis; PwMS; QoL; Quality of life; RPE; Randomised controlled trial; Rate of Perceived Exertion; TRIMP; Training impulse