title: Destabilization of CDC6 upon DNA damage is dependent on neddylation but independent of Cullin E3 ligases.
abstract: CDC6 is an important component of the pre-replication complex and plays an essential role in the regulation of DNA replication in eukaryotic cells. Deregulation of CDC6 protein levels results in rereplication and genomic instability. CDC6 expression is tightly regulated during the cell cycle. One major mechanism of cell cycle dependent regulation of CDC6 is APC(Cdh1) mediated protein ubiquitination and degradation during G1 phase. In addition to APC(Cdh1) dependent degradation, alternative, Cullin RING E3 ubiquitin ligase dependent degradation pathways have been characterized in yeast. Here we studied whether Cullin RING E3 ligases also play a role in the turnover of CDC6 protein in mammalian cells. To this end, we used the Nedd8 E1 inhibitor MLN4924, which blocks the activity of all Cullin E3 ligases. We observed that treatment with MLN4924 increased CDC6 protein expression. However, this effect was due to a delay in cell cycle progression from G1 to S phase, resulting in accumulation of cells with high CDC6 protein levels. Therefore, our results indicate that Cullin E3 ligases are not involved in the basal turnover of CDC6 in mammalian cells. Interestingly, we also found that the DNA cross-linker mitomycin C induces marked CDC6 protein degradation. Mitomycin C induced CDC6 degradation is not mediated by APC(Cdh1), Cullin or HUWE1 E3 ubiquitin ligases. Notably, mitomycin C mediated CDC6 degradation requires the neddylation pathway. Our results provide evidence for a novel, cullin independent mechanism of CDC6 posttranslational regulation upon DNA damage that involves the neddylation pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Chia Yee
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Thilo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hagen
mesh_terms: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D044842:Cullin Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D003517:Cyclopentanes / Q000494:pharmacology; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000235:genetics*; D004261:DNA Replication; D016193:G1 Phase / Q000187:drug effects; D045325:HCT116 Cells; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D016685:Mitomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000075687:NEDD8 Protein; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D034622:RNA Interference; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; D054875:Ubiquitination / Q000187:drug effects; D014452:Ubiquitins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C103706:CDC6 protein, human; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D044842:Cullin Proteins; D003517:Cyclopentanes; D000075687:NEDD8 Protein; C082860:NEDD8 protein, human; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011743:Pyrimidines; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D014452:Ubiquitins; D016685:Mitomycin; C502830:HUWE1 protein, human; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; C539933:pevonedistat