title: Anti-inflammatory effect of a sulphated polysaccharide fraction extracted from the red algae Hypnea musciformis via the suppression of neutrophil migration by the nitric oxide signalling pathway.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of a sulphated polysaccharide fraction (PLS) extracted from the alga Hypnea musciformis and investigate the possible involvement of the nitric oxide (NO) pathway in this effect.
  
  
  METHODS
  The anti-inflammatory activity of PLS was evaluated using inflammatory agents (carrageenan and dextran) to induce paw oedema and peritonitis in Swiss mice. Samples of paw tissue and peritoneal fluid were removed to determine myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, NO3 /NO2 levels, and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) level. The involvement of NO in the modulation of neutrophil migration in carrageenan-induced paw oedema or peritonitis was also investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with vehicle-treated mice, mice pretreated with PLS (10 mg/kg) inhibited carrageenan-induced and dextran-induced oedema; it also inhibited total and differential peritoneal leucocyte counts in a model of peritonitis. These PLS effects were reversed by l-arginine treatment and recovered with the administration of a NO synthase blocker (aminoguanidine). Furthermore, PLS reduced the MPO activity, decreased IL-1β levels, and increased NO3 /NO2 levels in the peritoneal cavity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PLS reduced the inflammatory response by modulating neutrophil migration, which appeared to be dependent on the NO pathway.
authors.affiliation: LAFFEX - Laboratory of Experimental Physiopharmacology, Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research (BIOTEC), Federal University of Piauí-CMRV, Parnaíba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tarcisio Vieira
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: de Brito
authors.forename: Rafael da Silva
authors.initials: Rda S
authors.lastname: Prudêncio
authors.forename: Adriano Bezerra
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Sales
authors.forename: Francisco das Chagas
authors.initials: Fd
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.forename: Starley Jone Nogueira
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Candeira
authors.forename: Álvaro Xavier
authors.initials: ÁX
authors.lastname: Franco
authors.forename: Karoline Sabóia
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Aragão
authors.forename: Ronaldo de Albuquerque
authors.initials: Rde A
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.forename: Marcellus Henrique Loiola
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Ponte de Souza
authors.forename: Luciano de Sousa
authors.initials: Lde S
authors.lastname: Chaves
authors.forename: Ana Lúcia Ponte
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Freitas
authors.forename: Jand-Venes Rolim
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Medeiros
authors.forename: André Luiz
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: dos Reis Barbosa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001120:Arginine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002351:Carrageenan; D003911:Dextrans; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006146:Guanidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D007154:Immune System Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D007960:Leukocyte Disorders / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides / Q000378:metabolism; D010537:Peritoneum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000461:Rhodophyta / Q000737:chemistry*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013457:Sulfur Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D003911:Dextrans; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D006146:Guanidines; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011134:Polysaccharides; D013457:Sulfur Compounds; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D002351:Carrageenan; D001120:Arginine; D009195:Peroxidase; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; C004479:pimagedine