title: Optimisation and application of accelerated solvent extraction and flash chromatography for quantification of PCBs in tree barks and XAD-2 passive samplers using GC-ECD with dual columns.
abstract: An analytical method for the quantification of Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) concentrations in XAD-2 passive air samplers (PAS) and tree barks collected close to the Rhine River between France and Germany was developed. This method used Accelerated Solvent Extraction (ASE) followed by a purification step by flash chromatography using a 4gr cartridge (3 g of silica gel and 1 g of 44% acidified silica) and analysis by GC-ECD with dual columns. Quantification (QL) and detection (DL) limits varied 0.5 from and 5.7 ng PAS(-1) and from 0.5 and 3.0 ng PAS(-1) respectively. For tree barks, quantification and detection limits were calculated for each congener on washed tree bark sample with a signal to noise ratio of 3:1 and 10:1 (corresponding to a LQ in the range of 1-4 ng per bark sample by congeners). Uncertainties on each congener concentration were calculated to be in the range of 3-20% XAD-2 passive samplers were field calibrated by using Hi-vol. Samplers. Sampling rates of 4.2, 11.5, 1.6, and 7.9 m(3) PAS(-1) d(-1) for tri-, tetra-, penta- hexa-PCBs, respectively were obtained and are comparable to those already obtained with PUF-PAS for gas phase only (gas/particle distribution was 90/10). Method was applied to real atmospheric samples collected by XAD-2 passive samplers and tree barks in the east of France.
authors.affiliation: Equipe de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère-Laboratoire Matériaux, Surfaces et Procédés pour la Catalyse (UMR 7515 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg), 1, rue Blessig, 67084 Strasbourg cedex, France.
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guéguen
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stille
authors.forename: Maurice
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Millet
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001272:Atmosphere / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D002138:Calibration; D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D005602:France; D024301:Plant Bark / Q000737:chemistry*; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011137:Polystyrenes / Q000737:chemistry; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D011137:Polystyrenes; D012997:Solvents; C003771:Amberlite XAD-2 resin; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls