title: Anaerobic alactic energy assessment in middle distance swimming.
abstract: To estimate the anaerobic alactic contribution in a 200 m middle distance swimming trial by means of two different methods based: (1) on the fast component of the VO2 off-kinetics (Ana recovery) and (2) on the kinetics of maximal phosphocreatine splitting in the contracting muscle (Ana pcr). Ten elite male swimmers performed a 200 m front crawl trial at maximal velocity during which VO2 was directly measured using a telemetric portable gas analyser; during the recovery period VO2 data were collected until baseline values were reached. No significant differences between the two methods were observed; mean ± SD values were 31.7 ± 2.5 and 32.6 ± 2.8 kJ, for Ana pcr and Ana recovery, respectively. Despite the existence of some caveats regarding both methods for estimation of the anaerobic alactic contribution, data reported in this study indicate that both yield similar results and both allow to estimate this contribution in supra-maximal swimming trials. This has important implications on swimming energetics, since the non-inclusion of the anaerobic alactic contribution to total metabolic energy expenditure leads to an underestimation of the energy cost at supra-maximal speeds.
authors.affiliation: Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Plácido Costa, 91, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal. sousa.acm@gmail.com
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sousa
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Figueiredo
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zamparo
authors.forename: João Paulo
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Vilas-Boas
authors.forename: Ricardo J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Fernandes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015308:Anaerobic Threshold; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D010725:Phosphocreatine / Q000378:metabolism; D013550:Swimming / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D010725:Phosphocreatine; D019344:Lactic Acid