title: Increased advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) assessed by skin autofluorescence in schizophrenia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oxidative stress has been intensively studied as a key biochemical system in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. However, little is known about the implication of oxidative stress in the development of physical illnesses in schizophrenia patients, who are characterized by high cardiovascular risk and decreased life expectancy. Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are considered to be markers of oxidative stress and are linked to the development of atherosclerosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated AGE levels determined by a noninvasive skin autofluorescence (skin AF) method (AGE-Reader™) in schizophrenia patients. Skin AF was assessed in 55 schizophrenia patients without diabetes or renal disease and 55 healthy controls matched for age, gender and smoking status. Nineteen of the 55 schizophrenia patients had a severe form of the disease (Kraepelinian schizophrenia).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Skin AF was significantly higher in schizophrenia patients compared to controls (2.46 ± 0.52 and 1.90 ± 0.21, respectively, p < 0.0001). Kraepelinian schizophrenia patients had significantly higher skin AF than non-Kraepelinian schizophrenia patients (p = 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first study to demonstrate high AGE levels assessed by a noninvasive method in schizophrenia patients.
authors.affiliation: University Department of Endocrinology, CHU d'Amiens, University of Picardie, Amiens, France.
authors.forename: Youssef
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kouidrat
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amad
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Desailloud
authors.forename: Momar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Diouf
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fertout
authors.forename: Daphné
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Scoury
authors.forename: Jean-Daniel
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Lalau
authors.forename: Gwenolé
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Loas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002389:Catatonia / Q000473:pathology; D003704:Dementia / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D061848:Optical Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology*; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced