title: Formation and contamination of PCDD/Fs, PCBs, PeCBz, HxCBz and polychlorophenols in the production of 2,4-D products.
abstract: The concentrations and profiles of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), pentachlorobenzene (PeCBz), hexachlorobenzene (HxCBz) and polychlorophenols in 2,4-D were investigated in this study. Two 2,4-D acid and three 2,4-D butyl ester enterprises were selected as typical 2,4-D producers. The total concentrations of 2,3,7,8-PCDD/Fs in the 2,4-D samples ranged from 355 to 35080ngkg(-1) and the corresponding TEQ values were in the range of 13.4 and 694.6ng WHO-TEQkg(-1). The concentrations of total PCBs in the 2,4-D were in the range of 16.1 and 8023ngkg(-1), and the WHO-TEQ values of the PCBs were between 0.057 and 108.3ng WHO-TEQkg(-1), while total PCBs were between 1486 and 47342ngkg(-1). The average emission factors were 414.4μg WHO-TEQt(-1) for PCDD/Fs and 21.9μg WHO-TEQt(-1) for PCBs. The polychlorobenzenes and polychlorophenols impurities may play a key role in the PCBs and PCDD/Fs formation. The impurities of PCDD/Fs and PCBs in 2,4-D may increase the risk for the human and environmental health.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China. liuwb@rcees.ac.cn
authors.forename: Wenbin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Haifeng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.forename: Sumei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Zhenyu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Huiting
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xie
mesh_terms: D015084:2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D001572:Benzofurans / Q000032:analysis; D002722:Chlorobenzenes / Q000032:analysis; D002733:Chlorophenols / Q000032:analysis; D000072338:Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D006581:Hexachlorobenzene / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D001572:Benzofurans; D002722:Chlorobenzenes; D002733:Chlorophenols; D000072338:Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; D015084:2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid; D006581:Hexachlorobenzene; C012267:2,4-D n-butyl ester; C003060:pentachlorobenzene; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls