title: Gridded inventories of historical usage for selected organochlorine pesticides in Gansu Province, China.
abstract: HCHs and DDTs were banned in 1983 in China; however, they are still remaining in various environmental media. Since endosulfan was introduced in China in 1994, it is widely used in agriculture. In this study, temporal and spatial uses of endosulfan, HCHs, and DDTs in Gansu province of China have been presented. It is estimated that the total usage is 701 tons for endosulfan between 1994 and 2007, 1,712 tons for HCHs between 1952 and 1983, and 462 tons for DDTs between 1951 and 1983, respectively. Endosulfan usage increased dramatically in 1998 due to its application on other crops except on cotton. The HCH and DDT usage displayed a rapid increase after 1972, reaching the peak in 1976 and in 1975, respectively; since then, they declined until being banned in 1983. The gridded usage inventories of these three kinds of organochlorine pesticides in Gansu province, with a 1/4° longitude by 1/6° latitude resolution, have been created by using different crops for endosulfan and the area of dry farmland for HCHs and DDTs as surrogate data. The most intensive use was in northwestern regions for endosulfan and southeastern regions for HCHs and DDTs in Gansu province.
authors: Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic China.
authors: Tao
authors: T
authors: Huang
authors: Xiangyang
authors: X
authors: Li
authors: Chongguo
authors: C
authors: Tian
authors: Xianming
authors: X
authors: Yang
authors: Li
authors: L
authors: Wang
authors: Yuan
authors: Y
authors: Zhao
authors: Jianmin
authors: J
authors: Ma
authors: Hong
authors: H
authors: Gao
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002681:China; D003634:DDT / Q000032:analysis; D004726:Endosulfan / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D004787:Environmental Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000032:analysis*; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D010575:Pesticides; D003634:DDT; D004726:Endosulfan
references: Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 1998 Nov;35(4):688-97
references: 9776788
references: Environ Sci Technol. 2002 Nov 15;36(22):4831-45
references: 12487307
references: Environ Pollut. 1999;100(1-3):209-21
references: 15093119
references: Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 1998 Nov 1;6(3):143-75
references: 21781891
references: Environ Sci Technol. 2004 Mar 1;38(5):1368-74
references: 15046337
references: Environ Int. 2007 Oct;33(7):894-902
references: 17521727
references: Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2009 May;16(3):295-301
references: 18769949
references: Environ Sci Technol. 2002 Sep 1;36(17):3671-7
references: 12322736
references: Environ Sci Technol. 2005 Jun 15;39(12):4385-90
references: 16047771
references: Sci Total Environ. 2002 May 6;290(1-3):181-98
references: 12083709
references: Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2001 Oct;41(3):261-6
references: 11503061