title: A comparison of cognitive functions in non-hypoxemic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients and age-matched healthy volunteers using mini-mental state examination questionnaire and event-related potential, P300 analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess sub-clinical cognitive dysfunctions in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients having no hypoxemia vs. age-matched healthy volunteers using (i) an electrophysiological test: Auditory event related potential, P300 test and (ii) a questionnaire tool: Mini-mental state examination (MMSE) questionnaire.
  
  
  METHODS
  EIGHTY MALE SUBJECTS WERE INCLUDED: 40 stable COPD patients (smoking history >20 pack years) and 40 healthy volunteers (HVs). Age, duration of illness, smoking pack years, and spirometric indices were assessed. MMSE scores were evaluated in these groups. Latency of P300 wave and amplitude of P300 wave were studied in both groups to detect P300 abnormalities in COPD group. Correlations of P300 abnormalities with patient characteristic parameters and MMSE scores were assessed. In addition, individual COPD patients having significant cognitive dysfunctions beyond cut-off value of 99(th) percentile of HVs were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed significantly prolonged P300 latency (P < 0.001) and decreased P300 amplitude (P < 0.001) in COPD group. MMSE scores were significantly reduced in COPD group (P < 0.001). 10/40 COPD patients had prolongation of P300 latency, and 27/40 COPD patients had reduced MMSE scores beyond 99(th) percentile of HV. However, we did not observe any statistically significant correlation between P300 abnormalities and patients' characteristics or MMSE scores (P > 0.05 for all).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study explores cognitive dysfunctions in stable COPD patients with no hypoxemia. This study highlights the relative importance of using MMSE and P300. Cognitive dysfunctions were detected both by MMSE and P300; however, MMSE abnormalities were more frequent compared to P300 abnormalities (27/40 vs. 10/40) in COPD patients.
authors: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Pt. B D Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, India.
authors: Prem Parkash
authors: PP
authors: Gupta
authors: Sushma
authors: S
authors: Sood
authors: Atulya
authors: A
authors: Atreja
authors: Dipti
authors: D
authors: Agarwal
keywords: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; P300; cognitive functions; event-related potential; mini-mental state examination
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