title: Growth factor release from platelet concentrates: analytic quantification and characterization for clinical applications.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Clinical use of plasma rich in growth factors requires biochemical product control. We aimed to measure and modulate concentrations of growth factors in solutions deriving from platelet apheresis or whole blood.
  
  
  METHODS
  Growth factor concentrations were measured 5', 10', 20', 30', 60' after CaCl2 was added at 40°C to platelet-apheresis products (n = 39) or after 60' in platelet concentrates from whole blood (n = 13). Growth factor release was also obtained in platelet apheresis a) by incubation at 22°C or 40°C for 10' or 30' (n = 4); b) by repeated freeze-thaw (n = 9).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fibroblast growth factor (FGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) isoforms AA and AB and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) concentrations (pg/10(9 ) plt) were 25-60% higher in growth factors solutions from whole blood compared to platelet apheresis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), TGF-β and PDGF isoforms were released early (5-10') during incubation: TGF-β concentration increased also at 30'. FGF and epidermal growth factor (EGF) were released only after 30'. Incubation at 40°C/10' increased VEGF (+70%) and decreased EGF (-30%) and PDGF-BB (-50%) versus 22°C/30'. Shock significantly increased TGF-β (1.6-fold), EGF (1.5-fold), FGF (4.5-fold) and lowered PDGF isoforms (0.2- to 0.5-fold) versus prolonged incubation at 40°C.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Platelets from platelet apheresis and whole-blood release all investigated growth factors. The release can be regulated controlling incubation time and/or temperature and performing cell lysis.
authors: Dipartimento di Ricerca Traslazionale, S.O.S. Dipartimentale Trattamento Cellule Staminali per le Terapie Cellulari, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS, Aviano, PN, Italy.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Durante
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Agostini
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Abbruzzese
authors: R T
authors: RT
authors: Toffola
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Zanolin
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Suine
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Mazzucato
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D001793:Blood Preservation; D002122:Calcium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017713:Platelet Transfusion; D010983:Plateletpheresis; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D002122:Calcium Chloride
keywords: apheresis - platelets; platelet concentrates; quality control; regenerative medicine.