title: Oleanolic acid prevents progression of streptozotocin induced diabetic nephropathy and protects renal microstructures in Sprague Dawley rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effect of oleanolic acid (OA) on streptozotocin induced diabetic nephropathy in Sprague Dawley rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four weeks after intra-peritoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ; 55 mg/kg), the rats with proteinuria were grouped as: Control (non-diabetic, treated orally with vehicle), diabetic control (treated orally with vehicle) and three diabetic groups receiving 20, 40 and 60 mg/kg/day oral doses of OA. At the end of 8 weeks, urine and serum samples from the rats were processed for determination of creatinine, BUN and GFR. The kidney samples were processed for determination of weight changes, oxidative stress related parameters like catalase, superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione levels. A part of one kidney from each rat was used for transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  As evident in TEM, OA inhibited the nephropathy induced alterations in podocyte integrity, basement membrane thickness and spacing between the podocytes at 60 mg/kg dose. It increased GFR and reduced oxidative stress in the kidneys in a dose dependent manner. These findings conclusively demonstrate the efficacy of OA in diabetic nephropathy. Significant decrease in the oxidative stress in kidneys indicates the role of anti-oxidant mechanisms in the effects of OA. However, OA is known to act through multiple mechanisms like inhibition of the generation of advanced glycation end products and improving the insulin secretion. These mechanisms might have contributed to its efficacy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results conclusively demonstrate the efficacy of OA in diabetic nephropathy through its possible antioxidant activity.
authors: Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacognosy, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Dhule, Maharashtra, India.
authors: Vishal K
authors: VK
authors: Dubey
authors: Chandragouda R
authors: CR
authors: Patil
authors: Sarika M
authors: SM
authors: Kamble
authors: Priti S
authors: PS
authors: Tidke
authors: Kalpesh R
authors: KR
authors: Patil
authors: Pragnesh J
authors: PJ
authors: Maniya
authors: Ramchandra B
authors: RB
authors: Jadhav
authors: Sudha P
authors: SP
authors: Patil
keywords: Electron microscopy; glomerular basement membrane; pentacyclic triterpenoid; podocytes
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