title: Use of nitric oxide nanoparticulate platform for the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections.
abstract: The incidence of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI) due to multi-drug resistant pathogens is increasing. The concomitant increase in antibiotic use along with the ease with which organisms develop mechanisms of resistance have together become a medical crisis, underscoring the importance of developing innovative and effective antimicrobial strategies. Nitric oxide (NO) is an endogenously produced molecule with many physiologic functions, including broad spectrum antimicrobial activity and immunomodulatory properties. The risk of resistance to NO is minimized because NO has multiple mechanisms of antimicrobial action. NO's clinical utility has been limited largely because it is highly reactive and lacks appropriate vehicles for storage and delivery. To harness NO's antimicrobial potential, a variety exogenous NO delivery platforms have been developed and evaluated, yet limitations preclude their use in the clinical setting. Nanotechnology represents a paradigm through which these limitations can be overcome, allowing for the encapsulation, controlled release, and focused delivery of NO for the treatment of SSTI.
authors: Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
authors: Allison J
authors: AJ
authors: Kutner
authors: Adam J
authors: AJ
authors: Friedman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000379:methods; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D012874:Skin Diseases, Infectious / Q000628:therapy*; D018461:Soft Tissue Infections / Q000628:therapy*; D013207:Staphylococcal Skin Infections / Q000628:therapy*; D014945:Wound Healing
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D009569:Nitric Oxide
references: Nitric Oxide. 2008 Aug;19(1):12-20
references: 18457680
references: J Am Acad Dermatol. 2011 Mar;64(3 Suppl):S1-7
references: 21247666
references: Virulence. 2012 May 1;3(3):271-9
references: 22546899
references: Clin Exp Dermatol. 1997 Sep;22(5):244-5
references: 9536549
references: J Clin Invest. 1990 Jan;85(1):264-73
references: 2404026
references: J Invest Dermatol. 1999 Sep;113(3):392-7
references: 10469339
references: ACS Nano. 2011 Sep 27;5(9):7235-44
references: 21842899
references: Clin Infect Dis. 1995 Oct;21 Suppl 2:S162-5
references: 8845445
references: J Am Chem Soc. 2001 Jun 13;123(23):5473-81
references: 11389629
references: Clin Ophthalmol. 2012;6:1907-14
references: 23204833
references: J Virol. 2005 Feb;79(3):1966-9
references: 15650225
references: Cell. 1995 May 19;81(4):641-50
references: 7538909
references: Nitric Oxide. 2012 Oct 15;27(3):150-60
references: 22705913
references: Curr Top Med Chem. 2005;5(7):625-36
references: 16101424
references: Nitric Oxide. 2009 Feb;20(1):16-23
references: 18789393
references: Int Wound J. 2012 Jun;9(3):330-43
references: 22221913
references: Nanomedicine (Lond). 2012 Jul;7(7):933-6
references: 22642306
references: Nat Immunol. 2001 Oct;2(10):907-16
references: 11577346
references: Infect Immun. 1991 Sep;59(9):3280-3
references: 1879941
references: J Dermatolog Treat. 2010 Mar;21(2):93-6
references: 19878037
references: J Drugs Dermatol. 2012 Dec;11(12):1471-7
references: 23377518
references: Biochem Pharmacol. 2009 Aug 15;78(4):390-5
references: 19409374
references: J Invest Dermatol. 2009 Oct;129(10):2463-9
references: 19387479
references: J Am Acad Dermatol. 1998 Apr;38(4):559-63
references: 9555794
references: Nitric Oxide. 2011 Nov 30;25(4):381-6
references: 21946032
references: BMC Res Notes. 2011 Oct 27;4:458
references: 22032298
references: Arch Virol. 2009;154(6):999-1003
references: 19437101
references: J Exp Med. 1995 Nov 1;182(5):1469-79
references: 7595217
references: J Pediatr Surg. 2010 Oct;45(10):1967-74
references: 20920714
references: Infect Immun. 1991 Jul;59(7):2291-6
references: 2050398
references: Virulence. 2010 Mar-Apr;1(2):62-7
references: 21178416
references: Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2009 Oct;6(10):1113-22
references: 19663720
references: Biol Pharm Bull. 2006 Jun;29(6):1239-41
references: 16755024
references: PLoS One. 2009 Nov 12;4(11):e7804
references: 19915659
references: ACS Nano. 2008 Feb;2(2):235-46
references: 19206623
references: Clin Exp Immunol. 1996 Mar;103(3):436-41
references: 8608643
references: J Gen Virol. 1998 Apr;79 ( Pt 4):825-30
references: 9568978
references: Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1998 Sep;42(9):2342-6
references: 9736560
references: Virulence. 2012 Jan-Feb;3(1):62-7
references: 22286699
references: J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2010 Jun;3(6):45-50
references: 20725551
references: Braz J Med Biol Res. 1996 Jul;29(7):853-62
references: 9070374
references: Biomaterials. 2009 May;30(14):2782-9
references: 19233464
references: Nitric Oxide. 2006 Feb;14(1):21-9
references: 16188471
references: Lancet Infect Dis. 2010 Jan;10(1):17-31
references: 20129146
references: Infect Immun. 1999 Feb;67(2):891-8
references: 9916105
references: Intervirology. 1995;38(3-4):206-13
references: 8682618
references: FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2002 Jan 2;206(1):93-7
references: 11786263
references: Nitric Oxide. 2012 Mar 31;26(3):169-73
references: 22349019
references: J Am Chem Soc. 2007 Apr 18;129(15):4612-9
references: 17375919
references: Nitric Oxide. 2006 Nov;15(3):209-16
references: 16527502
references: Front Microbiol. 2012 Jun 08;3:193
references: 22701111
references: PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2011 Dec;5(12):e1449
references: 22206036
references: Virulence. 2011 Sep-Oct;2(5):395-401
references: 21921677
references: Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2010 Jun;87(2):509-16
references: 20300748
references: Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2012 Dec;56(12):6243-9
references: 23006762
references: Wound Repair Regen. 2007 May-Jun;15(3):368-77
references: 17537124
references: Br J Dermatol. 1999 Dec;141(6):1051-3
references: 10606851
references: Infect Immun. 1994 Nov;62(11):5177-82
references: 7523307
references: Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2010 Nov;54(11):4671-7
references: 20696868
references: Virulence. 2011 May-Jun;2(3):217-21
references: 21577055
references: J Pediatr Surg. 2011 Oct;46(10):1935-41
references: 22008331
references: Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2003;43:585-607
references: 12415121
references: J Invest Dermatol. 2009 Oct;129(10):2335-7
references: 19749782
references: Nitric Oxide. 2005 May;12(3):129-40
references: 15797841
references: J Biol Chem. 2005 Mar 18;280(11):10065-72
references: 15647275
references: J Clin Invest. 1997 Jun 15;99(12):2818-25
references: 9185502
references: J Invest Dermatol. 1998 Jan;110(1):1-7
references: 9424078
references: Br J Dermatol. 2004 Nov;151(5):977-83
references: 15541075
references: Acta Biomater. 2010 Apr;6(4):1515-21
references: 19861185
references: J Sex Med. 2010 Jan;7(1 Pt 1):224-33
references: 19765204
references: Virulence. 2011 May-Jun;2(3):185-7
references: 21670586
references: J Appl Microbiol. 2001 Apr;90(4):648-52
references: 11309079