title: 2-Bromopalmitate analogues as activity-based probes to explore palmitoyl acyltransferases.
abstract: Reversible S-palmitoylation is an important post-translational modification that regulates the trafficking, localization, and activity of proteins. Cysteine-rich Asp-His-His-Cys (DHHC) domain-containing enzymes are evolutionarily conserved protein palmitoyl acyltransferases (PATs). The human genome encodes 23 DHHC-PATs that regulate diverse cellular functions. Although chemical probes and proteomic methods to detect palmitoylated protein substrates have been reported, no probes for direct detection of the activity of PATs are available. Here we report the synthesis and characterization of 2-bromohexadec-15-ynoic acid and 2-bromooctadec-17-ynoic acid, which are analogues of 2-bromopalmitate (2-BP), as activity-based probes for PATs as well as other palmitoylating and 2-BP-binding enzymes. These probes will serve as new chemical tools for activity-based protein profiling to explore PATs, to dissect the functions of PATs in cell signaling and diseases, and to facilitate the identification of their inhibitors.
authors: Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Building 149, 13th Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA.
authors: Baohui
authors: B
authors: Zheng
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: DeRan
authors: Xinyan
authors: X
authors: Li
authors: Xuebin
authors: X
authors: Liao
authors: Masaki
authors: M
authors: Fukata
authors: Xu
authors: X
authors: Wu
mesh_terms: D000217:Acyltransferases / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D057075:Enzyme Assays; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D054878:Lipoylation; D051379:Mice; D015335:Molecular Probes / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D010168:Palmitates / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015335:Molecular Probes; D010168:Palmitates; C022776:2-bromopalmitate; D000217:Acyltransferases