title: Psychological distress during pregnancy in a multi-ethnic community: findings from the born in Bradford cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Antenatal anxiety and depression are predictive of future mental distress, which has negative effects on children. Ethnic minority women are more likely to have a lower socio-economic status (SES) but it is unclear whether SES is an independent risk factor for mental health in pregnancy. We described the association between maternal mental distress and socio-demographic factors in a multi-ethnic cohort located in an economically deprived city in the UK.
  
  
  METHODS
  We defined eight distinct ethno-language groups (total N = 8,454) and classified a threshold of distress as the 75th centile of within-group GHQ-28 scores, which we used as the outcome for univariate and multivariate logistic regression for each ethnic group and for the sample overall.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Financial concerns were strongly and independently associated with worse mental health for six out of the eight ethnic groups, and for the cohort overall. In some groups, factors such as working status, education and family structure were associated with worse mental health, but for others these factors were of little importance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The diversity between and within ethnic groups in this sample underlines the need to take into consideration individual social, migration and economic circumstances and their potential effect on mental health in ethnically diverse areas.
authors: Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdom. stephanie.prady@york.ac.uk
authors: Stephanie L
authors: SL
authors: Prady
authors: Kate E
authors: KE
authors: Pickett
authors: Tim
authors: T
authors: Croudace
authors: Lesley
authors: L
authors: Fairley
authors: Karen
authors: K
authors: Bloor
authors: Simon
authors: S
authors: Gilbody
authors: Kathleen E
authors: KE
authors: Kiernan
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Wright
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008603:Mental Health / Q000208:ethnology*; D008913:Minority Groups / Q000523:psychology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology*; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology*; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D055815:Young Adult
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