title: Organ trafficking and transplant tourism: the role of global professional ethical standards-the 2008 Declaration of Istanbul.
abstract: By 2005, human organ trafficking, commercialization, and transplant tourism had become a prominent and pervasive influence on transplantation therapy. The most common source of organs was impoverished people in India, Pakistan, Egypt, and the Philippines, deceased organ donors in Colombia, and executed prisoners in China. In response, in May 2008, The Transplantation Society and the International Society of Nephrology developed the Declaration of Istanbul on Organ Trafficking and Transplant Tourism consisting of a preamble, a set of principles, and a series of proposals. Promulgation of the Declaration of Istanbul and the formation of the Declaration of Istanbul Custodian Group to promote and uphold its principles have demonstrated that concerted, strategic, collaborative, and persistent actions by professionals can deliver tangible changes. Over the past 5 years, the Declaration of Istanbul Custodian Group organized and encouraged cooperation among professional bodies and relevant international, regional, and national governmental organizations, which has produced significant progress in combating organ trafficking and transplant tourism around the world. At a fifth anniversary meeting in Qatar in April 2013, the DICG took note of this progress and set forth in a Communiqué a number of specific activities and resolved to further engage groups from many sectors in working toward the Declaration's objectives.
authors: David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. gdanovitch@mednet.ucla.edu
authors: Gabriel M
authors: GM
authors: Danovitch
authors: Jeremy
authors: J
authors: Chapman
authors: Alexander M
authors: AM
authors: Capron
authors: Adeera
authors: A
authors: Levin
authors: Mario
authors: M
authors: Abbud-Filho
authors: Mustafa
authors: M
authors: Al Mousawi
authors: William
authors: W
authors: Bennett
authors: Debra
authors: D
authors: Budiani-Saberi
authors: William
authors: W
authors: Couser
authors: Ian
authors: I
authors: Dittmer
authors: Vivek
authors: V
authors: Jha
authors: Jacob
authors: J
authors: Lavee
authors: Dominique
authors: D
authors: Martin
authors: Marwan
authors: M
authors: Masri
authors: Saraladevi
authors: S
authors: Naicker
authors: Shiro
authors: S
authors: Takahara
authors: Annika
authors: A
authors: Tibell
authors: Faissal
authors: F
authors: Shaheen
authors: Vathsala
authors: V
authors: Anantharaman
authors: Francis L
authors: FL
authors: Delmonico
mesh_terms: D002681:China; D003105:Colombia; D004534:Egypt; D004995:Ethics, Professional; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D007391:International Cooperation; D057193:Medical Tourism / Q000941:ethics* / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D016377:Organ Transplantation / Q000941:ethics* / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D010154:Pakistan; D010679:Philippines; D011780:Qatar; D012955:Societies, Medical; D009927:Tissue and Organ Procurement / Q000941:ethics* / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D014421:Turkey