title: Role of activation-induced cytidine deaminase in the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In humans, activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) expression results due to inflammation and this deaminase activity is also involved in carcinogenesis. The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation between AID expression and the clinical classification of oral cancer tissues.
  
  
  METHODS
  The current study investigated the correlation between AID expression and the clinical classification of oral cancer tissues from 27 patients who underwent surgical resection using immunohistochemistry. Specific AID expression and its induction by cytokine stimulation were investigated in cultured HSC oral cancer cell lines by reverse transcriptase PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  AID expression was detected in 10 of 27 specimens (37.0%). AID expression was more frequently detected in early-stage cancer, especially in early stage T, than in late-stage cancer (T1/T2 vs. T3/4; P = 0.0493, N0 vs. N1/2/3; P = 0.0793). HSC-2, a nonmetastatic oral cancer cell line, abundantly expressed endogenous AID, whereas no such expression was observed in HSC-3, a metastatic oral cancer cell line. Moreover, AID expression was substantially induced in HSC-2 cells by stimulation of an inflammation-related cytokine, TNF-α.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Aberrant AID expression in the oral epithelium would contribute to the initiation of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Avoiding persistent AID inducible condition such as frequent cleaning of oral cavity would play an important role for the prevention of developing oral cancer.
authors: Division of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
authors: Yosuke
authors: Y
authors: Nakanishi
authors: Satoru
authors: S
authors: Kondo
authors: Naohiro
authors: N
authors: Wakisaka
authors: Akira
authors: A
authors: Tsuji
authors: Kazuhira
authors: K
authors: Endo
authors: Shigeyuki
authors: S
authors: Murono
authors: Makoto
authors: M
authors: Ito
authors: Kouichi
authors: K
authors: Kitamura
authors: Masamichi
authors: M
authors: Muramatsu
authors: Tomokazu
authors: T
authors: Yoshizaki
mesh_terms: D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007633:Keratins / Q000378:metabolism; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D000098830:AICDA (Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase)
chemical_list: D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007633:Keratins; D000098830:AICDA (Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase); D003564:Cytidine Deaminase
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