title: Skeletal muscle evaluation by MRI in a rabbit model of acute ischaemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess rhabdomyolysis-associated skeletal muscle changes induced by complete ischaemia in rabbits using MRI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Acute ischaemia was induced in the right hind limb of 34 New Zealand white rabbits by arterial ligation. MRI of vastus lateralis was carried out pre-operatively and every hour post-operatively up to 7 h. T1 weighted images, T2 weighted images with fat suppression, T2 maps and diffusion tensor scans were obtained. The correlation of MRI findings with histopathological changes in biopsies of vastus lateralis was examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Histopathology demonstrated early cellular oedema 1 h post ischaemia and irreversible injuries by 7 h, including loss of striation and broken muscle fibres. T2 weighted images with fat suppression showed inhomogeneous high signal intensity of vastus lateralis, which progressively increased from 2 h following ischaemia. The T2 relaxation rate of ischaemic vastus lateralis was significantly greater than normal muscle (p<0.001) and demonstrated a linear increase with time following ischaemia. A similar linear increase was also found in the ischaemic vastus lateralis apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) 1-5 h post ischaemia (p=0.006). Both the T2 ADC and fractional anisotropy (FA) were significantly higher on the ischaemic side 7 h post ischaemia (for T2, p=0.02; for ADC, p=0.004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Muscle oedema is detectable on MR images and is reflected well by T2, ADC and FA values. MRI may have value in clinical evaluation of rhabdomyolysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ischaemic changes detected by MRI may have value in the diagnosis of rhabdomyolysis.
authors: Department of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Zhang
authors: X
authors: X
authors: Wang
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Guan
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Li
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Luo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004487:Edema / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000473:pathology*; D007511:Ischemia / Q000473:pathology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000473:pathology*; D011817:Rabbits; D012206:Rhabdomyolysis / Q000473:pathology*
references: J Am Coll Surg. 1998 Jun;186(6):693-716
references: 9632160
references: Eur J Radiol. 2008 Feb;65(2):311-5
references: 17482406
references: J Comput Assist Tomogr. 1996 Sep-Oct;20(5):834-6
references: 8797927
references: Neth J Med. 2009 Oct;67(9):272-83
references: 19841484
references: J Comput Assist Tomogr. 1986 Mar-Apr;10(2):268-70
references: 3005381
references: J Invest Surg. 1994 Jan-Feb;7(1):49-60
references: 8003465
references: Injury. 1988 Jan;19(1):43-4
references: 3049371
references: Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1999 Jun;14(6):1564-7
references: 10383028
references: Crit Care Clin. 1999 Apr;15(2):415-28, ix-x
references: 10331135
references: Magn Reson Med. 1995 Feb;33(2):185-92
references: 7707908
references: Am J Physiol. 1986 Feb;250(2 Pt 2):H213-20
references: 3946620
references: J Neuroimaging. 1999 Jul;9(3):182-4
references: 10436762
references: Eur J Radiol. 1999 Apr;30(1):11-21
references: 10389007
references: Magn Reson Imaging. 2000 Jul;18(6):689-95
references: 10930778
references: Br J Surg. 1992 Oct;79(10):1026-9
references: 1422711
references: NMR Biomed. 2002 Nov-Dec;15(7-8):435-55
references: 12489094
references: J Foot Surg. 1983 Spring;22(1):52-6
references: 6358333
references: J Comput Assist Tomogr. 1993 Sep-Oct;17(5):786-91
references: 8370836
references: Magn Reson Med. 2011 Aug;66(2):528-37
references: 21360588
references: Radiographics. 2000 Oct;20 Spec No:S295-315
references: 11046180
references: J Appl Physiol (1985). 2004 Aug;97(2):773-80
references: 15107408
references: J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2007 May-Jun;31(3):368-74
references: 17538281
references: Magn Reson Med. 2002 Jul;48(1):97-104
references: 12111936
references: J Surg Res. 1986 Jul;41(1):24-32
references: 3747495
references: J Vasc Surg. 1987 Aug;6(2):152-7
references: 3039184
references: Br J Radiol. 1989 Apr;62(736):326-30
references: 2653546
references: Aust N Z J Med. 1985 Oct;15(5):623-8
references: 3867339