title: Iodine status during pregnancy in India and related neonatal and infant outcomes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To document iodine status in Indian pregnancies, associations with maternal diet and demographics, and offspring developmental measures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Longitudinal study following mothers through pregnancy and offspring up to 24 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rural health-care centre (Vadu) and urban antenatal clinic (Pune) in the Maharashtra region of India.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pregnant mothers at 17 (n 132) and 34 weeks' (n 151) gestation and their infants from birth to the age of 24 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was 203 and 211 μg/l at 17 and 34 weeks of pregnancy, respectively (range 26-800 μg/l). Using the UIC distribution adjusted for within-person variation, extreme UIC quartiles were compared for predictors and outcomes. There was no correlation between UIC at 17 and 34 weeks, but 24 % of those with UIC in the lowest quartile at 17 weeks had UIC in the same lowest quartile at 34 weeks. Maternal educational, socio-economic status and milk products consumption (frequency) were different between the lowest and highest quartile of UIC at 34 weeks. Selected offspring developmental outcomes differed between the lowest and highest UIC quartiles (abdominal circumference at 24 months, subscapular and triceps skinfolds at 12 and 24 months). However, UIC was only a weak predictor of subscapular skinfold at 12 months and of triceps skinfold at 24 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Median UIC in this pregnant population suggested adequate dietary provision at both gestational stages studied. Occasional high results found in spot samples may indicate intermittent consumption of iodine-rich foods. Maternal UIC had limited influence on offspring developmental outcomes.
authors: 1 Human Nutrition, Glasgow School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
authors: Morven I F A
authors: MI
authors: Lean
authors: 1 Human Nutrition, Glasgow School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
authors: Mike E J
authors: ME
authors: Lean
authors: 3 Diabetes Unit, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Pune, India.
authors: Chittaranjan S
authors: CS
authors: Yajnik
authors: 4 Kamalnayan Bajaj Diabetology Research Centre, King Edward Memorial Hospital Research Centre, Pune, India.
authors: Dattatray S
authors: DS
authors: Bhat
authors: 4 Kamalnayan Bajaj Diabetology Research Centre, King Edward Memorial Hospital Research Centre, Pune, India.
authors: Suyog M
authors: SM
authors: Joshi
authors: 4 Kamalnayan Bajaj Diabetology Research Centre, King Edward Memorial Hospital Research Centre, Pune, India.
authors: Deepa A
authors: DA
authors: Raut
authors: 4 Kamalnayan Bajaj Diabetology Research Centre, King Edward Memorial Hospital Research Centre, Pune, India.
authors: Himangi G
authors: HG
authors: Lubree
authors: 1 Human Nutrition, Glasgow School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
authors: Emilie
authors: E
authors: Combet
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen; D000328:Adult; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003611:Dairy Products; D004032:Diet; D004522:Educational Status; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006128:Growth; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007455:Iodine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000172:deficiency / Q000652:urine*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008875:Middle Aged; D009752:Nutritional Status; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000652:urine; D039401:Prenatal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D012885:Skinfold Thickness; D012923:Social Class
chemical_list: D007455:Iodine
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