title: Low vitamin and carotenoid levels are related to cerebral white matter lesions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effects of vitamins and carotenoids on brain white matter lesions (WMLs), we examined the associations between WMLs with vitamin and carotenoid levels in Japanese middle-aged and elderly subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four-hundred and sixty-nine healthy participants (male = 317; female = 152) that underwent medical examinations were examined. Deep white matter lesions (DWLs) were detected via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 39 subjects. We evaluated the effects of vitamin and carotenoid levels on DWLs via logistic regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lower gamma-tocopherol levels were significantly associated with DWLs in all subjects. While lower gamma-tocopherol and vitamin C levels were significantly associated with DWLs in males, lower delta-tocopherol levels were associated with DWLs in females. The associations between DWLs and lower gamma- and delta-tocopherol and vitamin C levels were independent of age, hypertension, or smoking. However, the associations between DWLs and lower alfa-tocopherol were not significant following adjustments for smoking.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lower carotenoid and vitamin levels were independently associated with cerebral DWLs in Japanese subjects.
authors: Department of Neurology and Gerontology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Ohshima
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Mizuno
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Yamada
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Matsumoto
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Nagakane
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Kondo
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Kuriyama
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Miyazaki
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Takeda
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Nishimura
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Nakagawa
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Ozasa
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Watanabe
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000097:blood*; D001206:Ascorbic Acid Deficiency / Q000150:complications*; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000097:blood / Q000172:deficiency*; D003677:Deficiency Diseases / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D009752:Nutritional Status; D012737:Sex Factors; D024505:Tocopherols / Q000097:blood*; D014811:Vitamin E Deficiency / Q000150:complications*; D014815:Vitamins / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D014815:Vitamins; D002338:Carotenoids; D001205:Ascorbic Acid; D024505:Tocopherols
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