title: Screening for chronic kidney diseases among an adult population.
abstract: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is now one of the major health problems all over the world and its early screening is vital to prevent the development of end-stage renal failure. This study was designed to evaluate the proportion of urban adults suffering from CKD as well as to have a preliminary idea about the determinants of this disorder. The screening program for CKD was arranged in a public place in Dhaka city, Bangladesh, and involved 634 adult participants (>18 years of age) selected on first-come first-served basis. Socio-demographic, anthropometric, and clinical data were collected. Urinary protein was tested by the dipstick method, and serum glucose and creatinine were measured by an auto-analyzer. Estimated glomerular filtrate rate (eGFR) was calculated by using standard formula. CKD was diagnosed and classified according to the National Kidney Foundation (NKF) Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (K/DOQI) guidelines. A total of 12.8% of the subjects were found to have CKD of whom 2.7% were in Stage 1, 4.1% in Stage 2, and 6% were in Stage 3. The proportion was strongly influenced by age, with the highest prevalence (38.5%) found at 60 years and above. The CKD group showed higher body mass index, waist-hip ratio, and systolic blood pressure, compared with their non-CKD counterparts (P = 0.02). On multiple regression analysis (after adjustment of some confounding variables), age, random blood sugar, and education showed significant association with the development of CKD. A substantial number of urban adults in Dhaka were found to be unaware about the existence of CKD and large-scale prevention programs should be undertaken to reduce the classical risk factors of these disorders.
authors: Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Bangladesh University of Health Sciences, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
authors: Kaniz
authors: K
authors: Fatema
authors: Zainal
authors: Z
authors: Abedin
authors: Abul
authors: A
authors: Mansur
authors: Farzana
authors: F
authors: Rahman
authors: Taslima
authors: T
authors: Khatun
authors: Nurunnahar
authors: N
authors: Sumi
authors: Khadizatul
authors: K
authors: Kobura
authors: Selima
authors: S
authors: Akter
authors: Liaquat
authors: L
authors: Ali
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001459:Bangladesh / Q000453:epidemiology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D015897:Comorbidity; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D016014:Linear Models; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000652:urine; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014504:Urban Health; D016482:Urinalysis; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D003404:Creatinine