title: In vitro effects of Salvia officinalis L. essential oil on Candida albicans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the anticandidal activities of Salvia officinalis L. (S. officinalis) essential oil against Candida albicans (C. albicans) and the inhibitory effects on the adhesion of C. albicans to polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin surface.
  
  
  METHODS
  Disc diffusion method was first used to test the anticandidal activities of the S. officinalis L. essential oil against the reference strain (ATCC 90028) and 2 clinical strains of C. albicans. Then the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal lethal concentration (MLC) were determined by modified membrane method. The adhesion of C. albicans to PMMA resin surface was assessed after immersion with S. officinalis L. essential oil at various concentrations of 1×MIC, 0.5×MIC and 0.25×MIC at room temperature for 30 min. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the Candida cell adhesion with the pretreatment agents and Tukey's test was used for multiple comparisons.
  
  
  RESULTS
  S. officinalis L. essential oil exhibited anticandidal activity against all strains of C. albicans with inhibition zone ranging from 40.5 mm to 19.5 mm. The MIC and MLC of the oil were determined as 2.780 g/L against all test strains. According to the effects on C. albicans adhesion to PMMA resin surface, it was found that immersion in the essential oil at concentrations of 1×MIC (2.780 g/L), 0.5×MIC (1.390 g/L) and 0.25×MIC (0.695 g/L) for 30 min significantly reduced the adhesion of all 3 test strains to PMMA resin surface in a dose dependent manner (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  S. officinalis L. essential oil exhibited anticandidal activities against C. albicans and had inhibitory effects on the adhesion of the cells to PMMA resin surface. With further testing and development, S. officinalis essential oil may be used as an antifungal denture cleanser to prevent candidal adhesion and thus reduce the risk of candida-associated denture stomatitis.
authors: Maxillofacial Prosthetic Clinic, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Thailand.
authors: Tularat
authors: T
authors: Sookto
authors: Theerathavaj
authors: T
authors: Srithavaj
authors: Sroisiri
authors: S
authors: Thaweboon
authors: Boonyanit
authors: B
authors: Thaweboon
authors: Binit
authors: B
authors: Shrestha
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects*; D052978:Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D027543:Salvia officinalis / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D009822:Oils, Volatile
keywords: Adhesion; Candida albicans; Essential oil; PMMA resin; Salvia officinalis L.
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