title: The effect of spaceflight on growth of Ulocladium chartarum colonies on the international space station.
abstract: The objectives of this 14 days experiment were to investigate the effect of spaceflight on the growth of Ulocladium chartarum, to study the viability of the aerial and submerged mycelium and to put in evidence changes at the cellular level. U. chartarum was chosen for the spaceflight experiment because it is well known to be involved in biodeterioration of organic and inorganic substrates covered with organic deposits and expected to be a possible contaminant in Spaceships. Colonies grown on the International Space Station (ISS) and on Earth were analysed post-flight. This study clearly indicates that U. chartarum is able to grow under spaceflight conditions developing, as a response, a complex colony morphotype never mentioned previously. We observed that spaceflight reduced the rate of growth of aerial mycelium, but stimulated the growth of submerged mycelium and of new microcolonies. In Spaceships and Space Stations U. chartarum and other fungal species could find a favourable environment to grow invasively unnoticed in the depth of surfaces containing very small amount of substrate, posing a risk factor for biodegradation of structural components, as well as a direct threat for crew health. The colony growth cycle of U. chartarum provides a useful eukaryotic system for the study of fungal growth under spaceflight conditions.
authors: Institute of Biology Bucharest, Romanian Academy of Science, Bucharest, Romania. ioana.gomoiu@ibiol.ro
authors: Ioana
authors: I
authors: Gomoiu
authors: Elias
authors: E
authors: Chatzitheodoridis
authors: Sonia
authors: S
authors: Vadrucci
authors: Isabelle
authors: I
authors: Walther
mesh_terms: D001203:Ascomycota / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D025301:Hyphae / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development; D013026:Space Flight; D018531:Spacecraft
references: PLoS Genet. 2010 Jan 22;6(1):e1000823
references: 20107600
references: Res Microbiol. 2006 Jan-Feb;157(1):5-12
references: 16364606
references: Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2008 Dec;81(3):543-50
references: 18797865
references: Aviat Space Environ Med. 1997 Dec;68(12):1104-8
references: 9408560
references: Microbiol Immunol. 2001;45(5):357-63
references: 11471823
references: Mycologia. 2008 Nov-Dec;100(6):823-32
references: 19202837
references: Microgravity Sci Technol. 1999;12(1):41-7
references: 11543359
references: Appl Environ Microbiol. 2006 Jul;72(7):4569-75
references: 16820445
references: Mycol Res. 1996 Mar;100 Pt 3:257-75
references: 11541308
references: Med Mycol. 2006 Sep 1;44(Supplement_1):S109-S114
references: 30408893
references: Microb Ecol. 2004 Feb;47(2):133-6
references: 14569419
references: J Biotechnol. 1996 Jun 27;47(2-3):113-27
references: 8987565
references: J Biotechnol. 1996 Jun 27;47(2-3):99-112
references: 8987564
references: Microgravity Sci Technol. 2002;13(4):24-9
references: 12521048
references: Trends Biotechnol. 1998 Sep;16(9):369-73
references: 9776612
references: Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2010 Mar;74(1):121-56
references: 20197502
references: Stud Mycol. 2008;61:99-109
references: 19287532
references: Genomics Proteomics Bioinformatics. 2008 Mar;6(1):42-50
references: 18558384
references: Appl Environ Microbiol. 1997 Oct;63(10):4090-2
references: 9327574
references: Microb Ecol. 2004 Feb;47(2):127-32
references: 14994178
references: Physiol Genomics. 2000 Sep 08;3(3):163-73
references: 11015612
references: Plant Cell Physiol. 2001 Jun;42(6):657-64
references: 11427686
references: Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 1999 Jan;12(1):59-63
references: 9885194
references: J Basic Microbiol. 2005;45(3):199-206
references: 15900541
references: Adv Space Res. 1986;6(12):143-50
references: 11537813
references: Fungal Genet Biol. 2000 Jun;30(1):63-70
references: 10955908
references: Can J Microbiol. 1978 Oct;24(10):1173-81
references: 728849
references: Microbiol Immunol. 2012 Jul;56(7):441-6
references: 22537211
references: Infect Immun. 2003 Jul;71(7):4045-51
references: 12819094
references: Protoplasma. 1991;165(1-3):121-6
references: 11541045
references: J Plant Physiol. 2010 Feb 15;167(3):184-93
references: 19864040
references: Microbiol Immunol. 2011 Dec;55(12):823-9
references: 21950271
references: Fungal Genet Biol. 2006 May;43(5):357-65
references: 16517186
references: Res Microbiol. 2008 Jul-Aug;159(6):432-5
references: 18602989
references: Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2006 Apr;70(4):403-11
references: 16091928
references: Res Microbiol. 1994 Feb;145(2):111-20
references: 8090991
references: J Gen Microbiol. 1991 Dec;137(12):2839-43
references: 1791437
references: J Proteome Res. 2010 Jun 4;9(6):3290-8
references: 20408562
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Nov 10;95(23):13783-7
references: 9811878
references: Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 2009 Aug;96(2):227-45
references: 19572210
references: Int J Food Microbiol. 2008 Aug 15;126(1-2):172-9
references: 18599140
references: Astrobiology. 2011 Jan-Feb;11(1):45-55
references: 21345087
references: HFSP J. 2009;3(2):77-93
references: 19794816
references: Adv Space Res. 1996;17(6-7):183-6
references: 11538614
references: FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2010 Jun;307(1):72-9
references: 20402784
references: Astrobiology. 2010 Nov;10(9):881-8
references: 21118021
references: Fungal Biol. 2011 Mar;115(3):296-301
references: 21354536