title: Metagenomic analysis of a tropical composting operation at the são paulo zoo park reveals diversity of biomass degradation functions and organisms.
abstract: Composting operations are a rich source for prospection of biomass degradation enzymes. We have analyzed the microbiomes of two composting samples collected in a facility inside the São Paulo Zoo Park, in Brazil. All organic waste produced in the park is processed in this facility, at a rate of four tons/day. Total DNA was extracted and sequenced with Roche/454 technology, generating about 3 million reads per sample. To our knowledge this work is the first report of a composting whole-microbial community using high-throughput sequencing and analysis. The phylogenetic profiles of the two microbiomes analyzed are quite different, with a clear dominance of members of the Lactobacillus genus in one of them. We found a general agreement of the distribution of functional categories in the Zoo compost metagenomes compared with seven selected public metagenomes of biomass deconstruction environments, indicating the potential for different bacterial communities to provide alternative mechanisms for the same functional purposes. Our results indicate that biomass degradation in this composting process, including deconstruction of recalcitrant lignocellulose, is fully performed by bacterial enzymes, most likely by members of the Clostridiales and Actinomycetales orders.
authors: Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Layla Farage
authors: LF
authors: Martins
authors: Luciana Principal
authors: LP
authors: Antunes
authors: Renata C
authors: RC
authors: Pascon
authors: Julio Cezar Franco
authors: JC
authors: de Oliveira
authors: Luciano A
authors: LA
authors: Digiampietri
authors: Deibs
authors: D
authors: Barbosa
authors: Bruno Malveira
authors: BM
authors: Peixoto
authors: Marcelo A
authors: MA
authors: Vallim
authors: Cristina
authors: C
authors: Viana-Niero
authors: Eric H
authors: EH
authors: Ostroski
authors: Guilherme P
authors: GP
authors: Telles
authors: Zanoni
authors: Z
authors: Dias
authors: João Batista
authors: JB
authors: da Cruz
authors: Luiz
authors: L
authors: Juliano
authors: Sergio
authors: S
authors: Verjovski-Almeida
authors: Aline Maria
authors: AM
authors: da Silva
authors: João Carlos
authors: JC
authors: Setubal
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D001482:Base Composition; D044822:Biodiversity; D018533:Biomass; D001938:Brazil; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D023061:Gene Order; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008031:Lignin / Q000378:metabolism; D056186:Metagenomics; D058977:Molecular Sequence Annotation; D010368:Pectins / Q000378:metabolism; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012988:Soil Microbiology
chemical_list: D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D010368:Pectins; D008031:Lignin
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