title: Effects of birth size, post-natal growth and current size on insulin resistance in 9-year-old children: a prospective cohort study.
abstract: The influence of pre-natal conditions on later type 2 diabetes risk factors such as insulin resistance (IR) may be mediated by post-natal growth trajectory. We aimed to investigate the association of body size at birth and 9 years with IR at 9 years. Using data from a prospective Australian cohort study, we examined the influence of body size from birth to 9 years [z-score for weight or body mass index (BMI)] on IR at 9 years (estimated by homeostasis model assessment). At age 9 years, 151 children provided a fasting blood sample. z-BMI at age 9 was positively associated with IR. Birth z-BMI was inversely associated with IR only after adjustment for z-BMI at age 9 years. This may be interpreted as an effect of accelerated growth between birth and 9 years on IR. There was a statistically significant interaction between birth and 9-year z-BMI. Results from regression models including z-BMI at all available time points (birth, 6 and 12 months, and 2, 3.5 and 9 years) indicate a possible inverse association between body size at 3.5 years and HOMA-IR at 9 years. Results were similar when the analyses were repeated with z-weight substituted for z-BMI. These results add to the body of evidence concerning the importance of growth in early life for later IR, and highlight a possible interaction between pre- and post-natal growth. The potential influence of growth at around 3.5 years for HOMA-IR at 9 years warrants further investigation.
authors: Discipline of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, School of Paediatrics & Reproductive Health, The University of Adelaide, Mail Drop 327, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. melissa.whitrow@adelaide.edu.au
authors: Melissa J
authors: MJ
authors: Whitrow
authors: Michael J
authors: MJ
authors: Davies
authors: Lynne C
authors: LC
authors: Giles
authors: Bianca L
authors: BL
authors: De Stavola
authors: Julie A
authors: JA
authors: Owens
authors: Oana
authors: O
authors: Maftei
authors: Vivienne M
authors: VM
authors: Moore
mesh_terms: D001724:Birth Weight; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D016014:Linear Models; D011446:Prospective Studies
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