title: Effect of combination of essential oils and bacteriocins on the efficacy of gamma radiation against Salmonella Typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Using essential oils (EO) alone or combined EO with nisin to enhance the lethality of Salmonella Typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes to γ-irradiation treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cell suspension or inoculated carrots (10(6) colony forming unit (CFU)/ml) of L. monocytogenes or Salmonella Typhimurium were treated with carvacrol and mountain savory EO alone or treated by the combined EO plus nisin and were irradiated at different doses. The radiation dose required to reduce bacterial population by 90% (D(10) value) and the relative sensitivity (RS) of treated bacteria to irradiation were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The RS of L. monocytogenes cell suspension to irradiation was increased by 4.19 and 6.31 times when treated by carvacrol plus nisin and mountain savory plus nisin, respectively, as compared to the control. The RS of Salmonella Typhimurium cell suspension to irradiation was increased by 1.84-fold when treated with carvacrol plus nisin. Coated carrots by nisin plus carvacrol increased the RS of L. monocytogenes to irradiation by 2.74 times while coated carrots by nisin and nisin plus carvacrol increased the RS of Salmonella Typhimurium to irradiation by 2.46 and 2.52, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combined EO with nisin and irradiation could increase the RS of L. monocytogenes and Salmonella Typhimurium.
authors: Research Laboratories in Sciences Applied to Food, Canadian Irradiation Center (CIC), INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, University of Quebec.
authors: Aude
authors: A
authors: Ndoti-Nembe
authors: Khanh Dang
authors: KD
authors: Vu
authors: Nicolas
authors: N
authors: Doucet
authors: Monique
authors: M
authors: Lacroix
mesh_terms: D001430:Bacteriocins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000081007:Cymenes; D018552:Daucus carota / Q000382:microbiology; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005720:Gamma Rays; D008089:Listeria monocytogenes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D009561:Nisin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011836:Radiation Tolerance / Q000187:drug effects; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects*
chemical_list: D001430:Bacteriocins; D000081007:Cymenes; D039821:Monoterpenes; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents; D009561:Nisin; C073316:carvacrol