title: Genome-wide transcriptional responses of two metal-tolerant symbiotic Mesorhizobium isolates to zinc and cadmium exposure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mesorhizobium metallidurans STM 2683T and Mesorhizobium sp. strain STM 4661 were isolated from nodules of the metallicolous legume Anthyllis vulneraria from distant mining spoils. They tolerate unusually high Zinc and Cadmium concentrations as compared to other mesorhizobia. This work aims to study the gene expression profiles associated with Zinc or Cadmium exposure and to identify genes involved in metal tolerance in these two metallicolous Mesorhizobium strains of interest for mine phytostabilization purposes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The draft genomes of the two Mezorhizobium strains were sequenced and used to map RNAseq data obtained after Zinc or Cadmium stresses. Comparative genomics and transcriptomics allowed the rapid discovery of metal-specific or/and strain-specific genes. Respectively 1.05% (72/6,844) and 0.97% (68/6,994) predicted Coding DNA Sequences (CDS) for STM 2683 and STM 4661 were significantly differentially expressed upon metal exposure. Among these, a significant number of CDS involved in transport (13/72 and 13/68 for STM 2683 and STM 4661, respectively) and sequestration (15/72 and 16/68 for STM 2683 and STM 4661, respectively) were identified. Thirteen CDS presented homologs in both strains and were differentially regulated by Zinc and/or Cadmium. For instance, several PIB-type ATPases and genes likely to participate in metal sequestration were identified. Among the conserved CDS that showed differential regulation in the two isolates, we also found znuABC homologs encoding for a high affinity ABC-type Zinc import system probably involved in Zinc homeostasis. Additionally, global analyses suggested that both metals also repressed significantly the translational machinery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The comparative RNAseq-based approach revealed a relatively low number of genes significantly regulated in the two Mesorhizobium strains. Very few of them were involved in the non-specific metal response, indicating that the approach was well suited for identifying genes that specifically respond to Zinc and Cadmium. Among significantly up-regulated genes, several encode metal efflux and sequestration systems which can be considered as the most widely represented mechanisms of rhizobial metal tolerance. Downstream functional studies will increase successful phytostabilization strategies by selecting appropriate metallicolous rhizobial partners.
authors: INRA USC1242, Montpellier, France.
authors: Géraldine
authors: G
authors: Maynaud
authors: Brigitte
authors: B
authors: Brunel
authors: Damien
authors: D
authors: Mornico
authors: Maxime
authors: M
authors: Durot
authors: Dany
authors: D
authors: Severac
authors: Emeric
authors: E
authors: Dubois
authors: Elisabeth
authors: E
authors: Navarro
authors: Jean-Claude
authors: JC
authors: Cleyet-Marel
authors: Antoine
authors: A
authors: Le Quéré
mesh_terms: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000378:metabolism; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000378:metabolism; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D002104:Cadmium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D005798:Genes, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D023281:Genomics; D059128:Mesorhizobium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D058977:Molecular Sequence Annotation; D017423:Sequence Analysis, RNA; D013045:Species Specificity; D013559:Symbiosis; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects*; D059467:Transcriptome / Q000187:drug effects; D015032:Zinc / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002104:Cadmium; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases; D015032:Zinc
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