title: Effects of excess dietary iron and fat on glucose and lipid metabolism.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Diets rich in fat and energy are associated with metabolic syndrome (MS). Increased body iron stores have been recognized as a feature of MS. High-fat diets (HFs), excess iron loading and MS are closely associated, but the mechanism linking them has not been clearly defined. We investigated the interaction between dietary fat and dietary Fe in the context of glucose and lipid metabolism in the body.
  
  
  METHODS
  C57BL6/J mice were divided into four groups and fed the modified AIN-93G low-fat diet (LF) and HF with adequate or excess Fe for 7 weeks. The Fe contents were increased by adding carbonyl iron (2% of diet weight) (LF+Fe and HF+Fe).
  
  
  RESULTS
  High iron levels increased blood glucose levels but decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. The HF group showed increases in plasma levels of glucose and insulin and insulin resistance. HF+Fe mice showed greater changes. Representative indices of iron status, such hepatic and plasma Fe levels, were not altered further by the HF. However, both the HF and excess iron loading changed the hepatic expression of hepcidin and ferroportin. The LF+Fe, HF and HF+Fe groups showed greater hepatic fat accumulation compared with the LF group. These changes were paralleled by alterations in the levels of enzymes related to hepatic gluconeogenesis and lipid synthesis, which could be due to increases in mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High-fat diets and iron overload are associated with insulin resistance, modified hepatic lipid and iron metabolism and increased mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress.
authors: Division of Metabolic Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongwon-gun, Chungbuk-do 363-951, South Korea.
authors: Joo Sun
authors: JS
authors: Choi
authors: In-Uk
authors: IU
authors: Koh
authors: Hyo Jung
authors: HJ
authors: Lee
authors: Won Ho
authors: WH
authors: Kim
authors: Jihyun
authors: J
authors: Song
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D018752:Diet, Fat-Restricted; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005943:Gluconeogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D019190:Iron Overload / Q000097:blood*; D019266:Iron, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010179:Pancreas / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004041:Dietary Fats; D007328:Insulin; D019266:Iron, Dietary
keywords: Hepatic steatosis; Hepcidin; High-fat diet; Insulin resistance; Iron overload