title: Perineuronal nets increase inhibitory GABAergic currents during the critical period in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate inhibitory γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) ergic postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) and postsynaptic currents (PSCs) in layer IV of the rat visual cortex during the critical period and when plasticity was extended through dissolution of the perineuronal nets (PNNs).
  
  
  METHODS
  We employed 24 normal Long-Evans rats to study GABAA-PSC characteristics of neurons within layer IV of the visual cortex during development. The animals were divided into six groups of four rats according to ages at recording: PW3 (P21-23d), PW4 (P28-30d), PW5 (P35-37d), PW6 (P42-44d), PW7 (P49-51d), and PW8 (56-58d). An additional 24 chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG) degradation rats (also Long-Evans) were generated by making a pattern of injections of chondroitinase ABC (chABC) into the visual cortex 1 week prior to recording at PW3, PW4, PW5, PW6, PW7, and PW8. Immunohistochemistry was used to identify the effect of chABC injection on CSPGs. PSCs were detected with whole-cell patch recordings, and GABAA receptor-mediated IPSCs were pharmacologically isolated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IPSC peak current showed a strong rise in the age-matched control group, peaked at PW5 and were maintained at a roughly constant value thereafter. Although there was a small increase in peak current for the chABC group with age, the peak currents continued to decrease with the delayed highest value at PW6, resulting in significantly different week-by-week comparison with normal development. IPSC decay time continued to increase until PW7 in the control group, while those in the chABC group were maintained at a stable level after an initial increase at PW4. Compared with normal rats, the decay times recorded in the chABC rats were always shorter, which differed significantly at each age. We did not observe any differences in IPSC properties between the age-matched control and penicillinase (P-ase) group. However, the change in IPSCs after chABC treatment was not reflected in the total PSCs or in basic membrane properties in layer IV of the rat visual cortex.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results demonstrate that rather than rapidly increasing during the critical period for neuronal plasticity, IPSCs in layer IV of rat visual cortex are maintained at an immature level when PNNs are removed by chABC. This suggests that GABA receptor maturation involves the conformation of the CSPGs in PNNs.
authors: Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China ; Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing 400038, China.
authors: Hui
authors: H
authors: Liu
authors: Peng-Fen
authors: PF
authors: Gao
authors: Hai-Wei
authors: HW
authors: Xu
authors: Ming-Ming
authors: MM
authors: Liu
authors: Tao
authors: T
authors: Yu
authors: Jun-Ping
authors: JP
authors: Yao
authors: Zheng-Qin
authors: ZQ
authors: Yin
keywords: chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans; chondroitinase ABC; development; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor; plasticity; postsynaptic currents; visual cortex; whole-cell patch recording
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