title: Do t-tubules play a role in arrhythmogenesis in cardiac ventricular myocytes?
abstract: The transverse (t-) tubules of mammalian ventricular myocytes are invaginations of the surface membrane. The function of many of the key proteins involved in excitation-contraction coupling is located predominantly at the t-tubules, which thus form a Ca(2+)-handling micro-environment that is central to the normal rapid activation and relaxation of the ventricular myocyte. Although cellular arrhythmogenesis shares many ion flux pathways with normal excitation-contraction coupling, the role of the t-tubules in such arrhythmogenesis has not previously been considered. In this brief review we consider how the location and co-location of proteins at the t-tubules may contribute to the generation of arrhythmogenic delayed and early afterdepolarisations, and how the loss of t-tubules that occurs during heart failure may alter the generation of such arrhythmias, as well as contributing to other types of arrhythmia as a result of changes of electrical heterogeneity within the whole heart.
authors: C. H. Orchard: University of Bristol, School of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK. clive.orchard@bristol.ac.uk.
authors: C H
authors: CH
authors: Orchard
authors: S M
authors: SM
authors: Bryant
authors: A F
authors: AF
authors: James
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D020013:Calcium Signaling; D056966:Excitation Contraction Coupling; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D012508:Sarcolemma / Q000378:metabolism*
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