title: Calcium-dependent protein kinase/NADPH oxidase activation circuit is required for rapid defense signal propagation.
abstract: In animals and plants, pathogen recognition triggers the local activation of intracellular signaling that is prerequisite for mounting systemic defenses in the whole organism. We identified that Arabidopsis thaliana isoform CPK5 of the plant calcium-dependent protein kinase family becomes rapidly biochemically activated in response to pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) stimulation. CPK5 signaling resulted in enhanced salicylic acid-mediated resistance to the bacterial pathogen Pst DC3000, differential plant defense gene expression, and synthesis of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Using selected reaction monitoring MS, we identified the plant NADPH oxidase, respiratory burst oxidase homolog D (RBOHD), as an in vivo phosphorylation target of CPK5. Remarkably, CPK5-dependent in vivo phosphorylation of RBOHD occurs on both PAMP- and ROS stimulation. Furthermore, rapid CPK5-dependent biochemical and transcriptional activation of defense reactions at distal sites is compromised in cpk5 and rbohd mutants. Our data not only identify CPK5 as a key regulator of innate immune responses in plants but also support a model of ROS-mediated cell-to-cell communication, where a self-propagating mutual activation circuit consisting of the protein kinase, CPK5, and the NADPH oxidase RBOHD facilitates rapid signal propagation as a prerequisite for defense response activation at distal sites within the plant.
authors: Department of Plant Biochemistry, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
authors: Ullrich
authors: U
authors: Dubiella
authors: Heike
authors: H
authors: Seybold
authors: Guido
authors: G
authors: Durian
authors: Eileen
authors: E
authors: Komander
authors: Roman
authors: R
authors: Lassig
authors: Claus-Peter
authors: CP
authors: Witte
authors: Waltraud X
authors: WX
authors: Schulze
authors: Tina
authors: T
authors: Romeis
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D002450:Cell Communication / Q000502:physiology; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D009154:Mutation; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010935:Plant Diseases; D057865:Plant Immunity / Q000502:physiology*; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C568857:AT5G47910 protein, Arabidopsis; D019255:NADPH Oxidases; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases
keywords: ROS signaling; disease resistance; plant innate immunity
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