title: Diosmin alleviates retinal edema by protecting the blood-retinal barrier and reducing retinal vascular permeability during ischemia/reperfusion injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Retinal swelling, leading to irreversible visual impairment, is an important early complication in retinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Diosmin, a naturally occurring flavonoid glycoside, has been shown to have antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects against I/R injury. The present study was performed to evaluate the retinal microvascular protective effect of diosmin in a model of I/R injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Unilateral retinal I/R was induced by increasing intraocular pressure to 110 mm Hg for 60 min followed by reperfusion. Diosmin (100 mg/kg) or vehicle solution was administered intragastrically 30 min before the onset of ischemia and then daily after I/R injury until the animals were sacrificed. Rats were evaluated for retinal functional injury by electroretinogram (ERG) just before sacrifice. Retinas were harvested for HE staining, immunohistochemistry assay, ELISA, and western blotting analysis. Evans blue (EB) extravasation was determined to assess blood-retinal barrier (BRB) disruption and the structure of tight junctions (TJ) was examined by transmission electron microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Diosmin significantly ameliorated the reduction of b-wave, a-wave, and b/a ratio in ERG, alleviated retinal edema, protected the TJ structure, and reduced EB extravasation. All of these effects of diosmin were associated with increased zonular occluden-1 (ZO-1) and occludin protein expression and decreased VEGF/PEDF ratio.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Maintenance of TJ integrity and reduced permeability of capillaries as well as improvements in retinal edema were observed with diosmin treatment, which may contribute to preservation of retinal function. This protective effect of diosmin may be at least partly attributed to its ability to regulate the VEGF/PEDF ratio.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
authors: Nianting
authors: N
authors: Tong
authors: Zhenzhen
authors: Z
authors: Zhang
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Zhang
authors: Yating
authors: Y
authors: Qiu
authors: Yuanyuan
authors: Y
authors: Gong
authors: Lili
authors: L
authors: Yin
authors: Qinghua
authors: Q
authors: Qiu
authors: Xingwei
authors: X
authors: Wu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001813:Blood-Retinal Barrier / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002199:Capillary Permeability / Q000187:drug effects*; D004145:Diosmin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004596:Electroretinography; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D010211:Papilledema / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D051381:Rats; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D012160:Retina / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D055351:Retinal Neurons / Q000187:drug effects; D015843:Serpins / Q000378:metabolism; D019108:Tight Junctions / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism; D000099174:Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor
chemical_list: D004145:Diosmin; D005136:Eye Proteins; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D015843:Serpins; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D000099174:Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor
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