title: Inhibitory effects of choline-O-sulfate on amyloid formation of human islet amyloid polypeptide.
abstract: Choline-O-sulfate (2-(trimethylammonio)ethyl sulfate, COS) is a naturally occurring osmolyte that is synthesized by plants, lichens, algae, fungi, and several bacterial species. We examined the inhibitory effects of COS on amyloid formation of the human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP or amylin) using a thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence assay, circular dichroism spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that COS suppresses a conformational change of hIAPP from a random coil to a β-sheet structure, resulting in the inhibition of amyloid formation. Comparisons with various structural analogs including carnitine, acetylcholine and non-detergent sulfobetaines (NDSBs) using the ThT fluorescence assay showed that COS is the most effective inhibitor of hIAPP amyloid formation, suggesting that the sulfate group, which is unique to COS, significantly contributes to the inhibition.
authors: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Graduate School of Engineering, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan.
authors: Mamoru
authors: M
authors: Hagihara
authors: Ayaka
authors: A
authors: Takei
authors: Takeshi
authors: T
authors: Ishii
authors: Fumio
authors: F
authors: Hayashi
authors: Kenji
authors: K
authors: Kubota
authors: Kaori
authors: K
authors: Wakamatsu
authors: Nobukazu
authors: N
authors: Nameki
keywords: Aggregation inhibitor; Amyloid formation; CD, circular dichroism; COS, choline-O-sulfate; Choline-O-sulfate; HFIP, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol; Islet amyloid polypeptide; NDSB, non-detergent sulfobetaine; Osmolyte; TEM, transmission electron microscopy; ThT, thioflavin T; hIAPP, human islet amyloid polypeptide
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