title: Ionic liquid based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with micro-solid phase extraction of antidepressant drugs from environmental water samples.
abstract: Ionic liquid-dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with micro-solid phase extraction (IL-DLLME-μ-SPE), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was developed for the determination of tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) in water samples. Two hundred microliters of an organic solvent (as disperser solvent) and 20 μl of 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate were injected into a 5.0 ml sample for sonication-assisted DLLME. After this, a μ-SPE device, containing a novel material zeolite imidazolate framework 4 (ZIF-4), was added into the sample solution and 1 min of vortex-assisted extraction was performed. After 5 min of sonication-assisted desorption, 10 μl of desorption solvent was injected into a HPLC system for analysis. A characteristic property of DLLME-VA-μ-SPE is that any organic solvent and solid sorbent immiscible with water can be used. Special apparatus, or conical-bottom test tubes, and tedious procedures conventionally associated with DLLME such as centrifugation, or refrigeration of solvent are not necessary in the present approach. A novel material, ZIF-4 was employed as μ-SPE sorbent. Under the optimized conditions, the calibration curves were linear in the range of 1-1000 μg/L. The relative standard deviations and the limits of detection were in the range of 1.5% and 7.8% and 0.3 and 1 μg/L, respectively. The relative recoveries of canal water samples, spiked with drugs, were in the range of 94.3% and 114.7%. The results showed that IL-DLLME-μ-SPE was suitable for the determination of TCAs in water samples.
authors: Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
authors: Dandan
authors: D
authors: Ge
authors: Hian Kee
authors: HK
authors: Lee
mesh_terms: D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000737:chemistry; D052578:Ionic Liquids / Q000737:chemistry; D057230:Limit of Detection; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction / Q000379:methods*; D012997:Solvents; D013010:Sonication; D013997:Time Factors; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D052578:Ionic Liquids; D012997:Solvents; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide
keywords: Antidepressants drugs; Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction; Ionic liquid; Micro-solid phase extraction