title: Evaluation of the ultrastructure of the small intestine of hiv infected children by transmission and scanning electronic microscopy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe HIV children's small intestinal ultrastructural findings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Descriptive, observational study of small intestine biopsies performed between August 1994 and May 1995 at São Paulo, SP, Brazil. This material pertained to 11 HIV infected children and was stored in a laboratory in paraffin blocks. Scanning and transmission electronic microscopy were used to view those intestine samples and ultrastructural findings were described by analyzing digitalized photos of this material. Ethical Committee approval was obtained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In most samples scanning microscopy showed various degrees of shortening and decreasing number of microvilli and also completes effacements in some areas. Derangement of the enterocytes was seen frequently and sometimes cells well defined borders limits seemed to be loosened. In some areas a mucous-fibrin like membrane with variable thickness and extension appeared to partially or totally coat the epithelial surface. Fat drops were present in the intestinal lumen in various samples and a bacterium morphologically resembling bacilli was seen in two occasions. Scanning microscopy confirmed transmission microscopy microvilli findings and also showed little "tufts" of those structures. In addition, it showed an increased number of vacuoles and multivesicular bodies inside various enterocytes, an increased presence of intraepithelial lymphocytes, mitochondrial vacuolization and basement membrane enlargement in the majority of samples analyzed. However, some samples exhibited normal aspect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study showed the common occurrence of various important intestinal ultrastructural alterations with variable degrees among HIV infected children, some of them in our knowledge not described before.
authors: Pediatrics, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil. christiane.leite@gmail.com
authors: Christiane Araujo Chaves
authors: CA
authors: Leite
authors: Ulysses
authors: U
authors: Fagundes-Neto
authors: Edna Freymüller
authors: EF
authors: Haapalainen
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D008297:Male; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission