title: Life in the human stomach: persistence strategies of the bacterial pathogen Helicobacter pylori.
abstract: The bacterial pathogen Helicobacter pylori has co-evolved with humans and colonizes approximately 50% of the human population, but only causes overt gastric disease in a subset of infected hosts. In this Review, we discuss the pathogenesis of H. pylori and the mechanisms it uses to promote persistent colonization of the gastric mucosa, with a focus on recent insights into the role of the virulence factors vacuolating cytotoxin (VacA), cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) and CagL. We also describe the immunobiology of H. pylori infection and highlight how this bacterium manipulates the innate and adaptive immune systems of the host to promote its own persistence.
authors: Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, Mailstop C3-168, Seattle, Washington 981091024, USA. nsalama@fhcrc.org
authors: Nina R
authors: NR
authors: Salama
authors: Mara L
authors: ML
authors: Hartung
authors: Anne
authors: A
authors: Müller
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D013270:Stomach / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D037521:Virulence Factors
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