title: Cholangitis and multiple liver abscesses after percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
abstract: Percutaneous ablation procedures are minimally invasive treatments for unresectable early stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). These techniques are usually safe, but rare and even fatal complications have been described. We present a fatal result after percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) for the treatment of a recurrent HCC in a non-cirrhotic liver, with subsequent development of diffuse cholangitis and multiple liver abscesses. Although percutaneous drainage and intensive antibiotic treatment were employed, the patient finally died. We discuss about the etiology and the physiopathology of this rare complication in which the therapeutic options are limited and usually unsuccessful.
authors: Fernando
authors: F
authors: Macías-García
authors: Nicolau
authors: N
authors: Vallejo-Senra
authors: Sandra
authors: S
authors: Baleato-González
authors: Javier
authors: J
authors: Fernández-Castroagudín
authors: Esther
authors: E
authors: Molina-Pérez
authors: J  Enrique
authors: J
authors: Domínguez-Muñoz
mesh_terms: D055011:Ablation Techniques / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D000368:Aged; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000628:therapy*; D002761:Cholangitis / Q000209:etiology*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D006801:Humans; D015552:Injections, Intralesional; D008100:Liver Abscess / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol