title: Effects of passive smoking on breast cancer risk in pre/post-menopausal women as modified by polymorphisms of PARP1 and ESR1.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The association between passive smoking and breast cancer risk differs in pre- and post-menopausal women. We aimed to explore the modification effects of PARP1 rs1136410 and ESR1 rs2234693 on the association between passive smoking and breast cancer risk among pre- and post-menopausal women.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case-control study of 839 breast cancer cases and 863 controls was conducted. The gene-environment interactions were tested after adjusting for potential breast cancer risk factors with unconditional logistic regression models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that the effect of passive smoking was modified by the genotypes in both pre- and post-menopausal women, but in opposite directions. The combination of the TC/CC genotypes of ESR1 rs2234693 and passive smoking significantly increased the risk of breast cancer [OR (95%CI): 2.06 (1.39-3.05)] in pre-menopausal women. A significant association was observed between TT genotype and passive smoking [OR (95%CI): 2.40 (1.27-4.53)] in postmenopausal women. For PARP1 rs1136410, similar differential associations were observed, but the interactions were not significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results imply that the risk of breast cancer from passive smoking may be influenced by genetic factors, and that the association may differ depending on menopausal status.
authors: The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
authors: Lu-Ying
authors: LY
authors: Tang
authors: Li-Juan
authors: LJ
authors: Chen
authors: Mei-Ling
authors: ML
authors: Qi
authors: Yi
authors: Y
authors: Su
authors: Feng-Xi
authors: FX
authors: Su
authors: Ying
authors: Y
authors: Lin
authors: Kun-Peng
authors: KP
authors: Wang
authors: Wei-Hua
authors: WH
authors: Jia
authors: Zhi-Xiong
authors: ZX
authors: Zhuang
authors: Ze-Fang
authors: ZF
authors: Ren
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D059647:Gene-Environment Interaction; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008593:Menopause; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D000071137:Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics; D012307:Risk Factors; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D000071137:Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; C506487:ESR1 protein, human; C499320:PARP1 protein, human; C508053:ERBB2 protein, human