title: Lateral parasagittal versus midline interlaminar lumbar epidural steroid injection for management of low back pain with lumbosacral radicular pain: a double-blind, randomized study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Epidural steroid injections are commonly used for management of low back pain with lumbosacral radicular pain and can be administered by either interlaminar or transforaminal routes. The transforaminal route is reported to be more effective than the interlaminar route due to higher delivery of drug at the ventral epidural space. However, the transforaminal route has been associated with serious complications including spinal cord injury and permanent paralysis. Hence, there is a search for a technically better route with fewer complications for drug delivery into the ventral epidural space. Recently, a parasagittal interlaminar (PIL) approach of epidural contrast injection was reported to have 100% ventral epidural spread. However, the therapeutic efficacy of this route has never been investigated. We compared the therapeutic efficacy of the PIL approach and midline interlaminar (MIL) approach. We hypothesized that the PIL approach may produce a better clinical outcome because of better ventral epidural spread of the drug compared with MIL approach.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-seven patients were randomized to receive injection of 80 mg methylprednisolone either by the PIL (PIL group, n = 19) or MIL (MIL group, n = 18) approach under fluoroscopic guidance. Patients were evaluated for effective pain relief (≥50% from baseline) by visual analog scale and improvement in disability by the modified Oswestry Disability Questionnaire at intervals of 15 days, 1, 2, 3, and 6 months. Patients having <50% pain relief from baseline received additional epidural injection of the same drug, dosage, and route, a maximum of 3 injections at least 15 days apart. The primary outcome of our study was the incidence of effective pain relief at 6 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of patients having effective pain relief was higher with the PIL approach (13/19 [68.4%]) vs MIL (3/18 [16.7%]) at the end of 6 months. A significantly higher relative success of effective pain relief was noted in the PIL group (relative risk, 4.10; 95% confidence interval, 1.40-12.05; P = 0.001) at the end of the 6-month follow up with the requirement of fewer total injections (29 vs 41 in MIL, P = 0.043). Visual analog scale and modified Oswestry Disability Questionnaire scores were significantly lower in the PIL group compared with the MIL group at all time intervals after the procedure. Ventral epidural spread of contrast was significantly higher in the PIL 89.7% vs 31.7% in the MIL group. The administration of epidural steroid injection was without any complications with an exact 95% Clopper-Pearson confidence interval of 0.0% to 17.6% in the PIL group and 0.0% to 18.5% in the MIL group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Epidural steroid injection administered with the PIL approach was significantly more effective for pain relief and improvement in disability than the MIL approach for 6 months in the management of low back pain with lumbosacral radicular pain.
authors: Department of Anesthesia, 4th Floor, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India 160012. ghaibabita@hotmail.com
authors: Babita
authors: B
authors: Ghai
authors: Kaivalya Sadashiv
authors: KS
authors: Vadaje
authors: Jyotsna
authors: J
authors: Wig
authors: Mandeep Singh
authors: MS
authors: Dhillon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy / Q000379:methods; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007268:Injections, Epidural; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008775:Methylprednisolone / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000379:methods*; D011843:Radiculopathy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D008775:Methylprednisolone