title: Weight change at 1 mo of antiretroviral therapy and its association with subsequent mortality, morbidity, and CD4 T cell reconstitution in a Tanzanian HIV-infected adult cohort.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The development of low-cost point-of-care technologies to improve HIV treatment is a major focus of current research in resource-limited settings.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We assessed associations of body mass index (BMI; in kg/m(2)) at antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation and weight change after 1 mo of treatment with mortality, morbidity, and CD4 T cell reconstitution.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective cohort of 3389 Tanzanian adults initiating ART enrolled in a multivitamin trial was followed at monthly clinic visits (median: 19.7 mo). Proportional hazard models were used to analyze mortality and morbidity associations, whereas generalized estimating equations were used for CD4 T cell counts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median weight change at 1 mo of ART was +2.0% (IQR: -0.4% to +4.6%). The association of weight loss at 1 mo with subsequent mortality varied significantly by baseline BMI (P = 0.011). Participants with ≥2.5% weight loss had 6.43 times (95% CI: 3.78, 10.93 times) the hazard of mortality compared with that of participants with weight gains ≥2.5%, if their baseline BMI was <18.5 but only 2.73 times (95% CI: 1.49, 5.00 times) the hazard of mortality if their baseline BMI was ≥18.5 and <25.0. Weight loss at 1 mo was also associated with incident pneumonia (P = 0.002), oral thrush (P = 0.007), and pulmonary tuberculosis (P < 0.001) but not change in CD4 T cell counts (P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Weight loss as early as 1 mo after ART initiation can identify adults at high risk of adverse outcomes. Studies identifying reasons for and managing early weight loss are needed to improve HIV treatment, with particular urgency for malnourished adults initiating ART. The parent trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00383669.
authors: Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. csudfeld@mail.harvard.edu
authors: Christopher R
authors: CR
authors: Sudfeld
authors: Sheila
authors: S
authors: Isanaka
authors: Ferdinand M
authors: FM
authors: Mugusi
authors: Said
authors: S
authors: Aboud
authors: Molin
authors: M
authors: Wang
authors: Guerino E
authors: GE
authors: Chalamilla
authors: Edward L
authors: EL
authors: Giovannucci
authors: Wafaie W
authors: WW
authors: Fawzi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015992:Body Mass Index; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009017:Morbidity; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013636:Tanzania; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D019562:Viral Load; D014803:Vitamin B Complex / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014815:Vitamins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D014815:Vitamins; D014803:Vitamin B Complex; D014810:Vitamin E; D001205:Ascorbic Acid
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