title: Mitochondrial genomes of two Barklice, Psococerastis albimaculata and Longivalvus hyalospilus (Psocoptera: Psocomorpha): contrasting rates in mitochondrial gene rearrangement between major lineages of Psocodea.
abstract: The superorder Psocodea has ∼10,000 described species in two orders: Psocoptera (barklice and booklice) and Phthiraptera (parasitic lice). One booklouse, Liposcelis bostrychophila and six species of parasitic lice have been sequenced for complete mitochondrial (mt) genomes; these seven species have the most rearranged mt genomes seen in insects. The mt genome of a barklouse, lepidopsocid sp., has also been sequenced and is much less rearranged than those of the booklouse and the parasitic lice. To further understand mt gene rearrangements in the Psocodea, we sequenced the mt genomes of two barklice, Psococerastis albimaculata and Longivalvus hyalospilus, the first representatives from the suborder Psocomorpha, which is the most species-rich suborder of the Psocodea. We found that these two barklice have the least rearranged mt genomes seen in the Psocodea to date: a protein-coding gene (nad3) and five tRNAs (trnN, trnS1, trnE, trnM and trnC) have translocated. Rearrangements of mt genes in these two barklice can be accounted for by two events of tandem duplication followed by random deletions. Phylogenetic analyses of the mt genome sequences support the view that Psocoptera is paraphyletic whereas Phthiraptera is monophyletic. The booklouse, L. bostrychophila (suborder Troctomorpha) is most closely related to the parasitic lice. The barklice (suborders Trogiomorpha and Psocomorpha) are closely related and form a monophyletic group. We conclude that mt gene rearrangement has been substantially faster in the lineage leading to the booklice and the parasitic lice than in the lineage leading to the barklice. Lifestyle change appears to be associated with the contrasting rates in mt gene rearrangements between the two lineages of the Psocodea.
authors: Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
authors: Hu
authors: H
authors: Li
authors: Renfu
authors: R
authors: Shao
authors: Fan
authors: F
authors: Song
authors: Xuguo
authors: X
authors: Zhou
authors: Qianqian
authors: Q
authors: Yang
authors: Zhihong
authors: Z
authors: Li
authors: Wanzhi
authors: W
authors: Cai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001482:Base Composition; D003062:Codon; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D015321:Gene Rearrangement; D017344:Genes, Insect; D054629:Genome, Mitochondrial; D007313:Insecta / Q000235:genetics*; D055029:Inverted Repeat Sequences; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D010802:Phylogeny; D012343:RNA, Transfer / Q000235:genetics; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D003062:Codon; D012343:RNA, Transfer
references: Trends Ecol Evol. 2001 Jun 1;16(6):269-271
references: 11369092
references: Proc Biol Sci. 2004 Sep 7;271(1550):1771-6
references: 15315891
references: Mol Biol Evol. 2010 Aug;27(8):1759-67
references: 20207713
references: Annu Rev Cell Biol. 1991;7:453-78
references: 1809353
references: Integr Comp Biol. 2007 Nov;47(5):734-43
references: 21669754
references: Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jul;38(Web Server issue):W23-8
references: 20497997
references: Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2010 Jun;55(3):939-51
references: 20211746
references: Insect Mol Biol. 2006 Feb;15(1):63-8
references: 16469069
references: Int Rev Cytol. 1992;141:173-216
references: 1452431
references: Mol Biol Rep. 2011 Jun;38(5):3367-73
references: 21104444
references: Science. 1986 Sep 26;233(4771):1425-7
references: 3018925
references: Mol Biol Evol. 2000 Apr;17(4):540-52
references: 10742046
references: Cell. 1982 Apr;28(4):693-705
references: 6178513
references: Syst Biol. 2008 Oct;57(5):758-71
references: 18853362
references: Nucleic Acids Res. 1997 Mar 1;25(5):955-64
references: 9023104
references: Mol Biol Evol. 2008 Jul;25(7):1253-6
references: 18397919
references: Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2003 Oct;29(1):102-14
references: 12967611
references: Mol Cells. 2009 Sep;28(3):155-65
references: 19756390
references: Mol Biol Evol. 2001 May;18(5):858-65
references: 11319269
references: Int J Biol Sci. 2012;8(1):93-107
references: 22211108
references: J Mol Evol. 2006 Aug;63(2):251-61
references: 16830100
references: Genome Res. 2009 May;19(5):904-12
references: 19336451
references: PLoS One. 2012;7(9):e45925
references: 23029320
references: Int J Biol Sci. 2011;7(6):792-804
references: 21750648
references: Nucleic Acids Res. 1999 Apr 15;27(8):1767-80
references: 10101183
references: PLoS One. 2012;7(3):e33973
references: 22479490
references: Mol Biol Evol. 2011 Oct;28(10):2731-9
references: 21546353
references: Nucleic Acids Res. 2003 Jul 1;31(13):3406-15
references: 12824337
references: PLoS One. 2012;7(1):e29419
references: 22235294
references: BMC Genomics. 2011 Aug 04;12:394
references: 21813020
references: Bioinformatics. 2005 Feb 15;21(4):537-9
references: 15479716
references: Genome Biol Evol. 2012;4(11):1088-101
references: 23042553
references: Bioinformatics. 2003 Aug 12;19(12):1572-4
references: 12912839
references: Science. 2001 Dec 14;294(5550):2310-4
references: 11743192
references: Mol Biol Evol. 2003 Oct;20(10):1612-9
references: 12832626
references: Genome Biol Evol. 2012;4(2):89-101
references: 22155689
references: Mol Biol Evol. 1999 Feb;16(2):298-309
references: 10028295
references: Bioinformatics. 2006 Nov 1;22(21):2688-90
references: 16928733
references: Parasitol Res. 2005 Oct;97(4):274-80
references: 16007465
references: J Mol Evol. 2007 Nov;65(5):589-604
references: 17925995
references: Science. 2004 May 14;304(5673):981
references: 15143273
references: J Mol Evol. 1987;25(2):116-25
references: 3116271
references: Parasitology. 2007 Feb;134(Pt 2):153-67
references: 17032475
references: J Mol Evol. 1995 Apr;40(4):382-91
references: 7769615
references: Nucleic Acids Res. 2004 Mar 19;32(5):1792-7
references: 15034147