title: A randomized pahse I bioequivalence clinincal trial of a paediatric fixed-dose combination antiretroviral reconstitutable suspension in healthy adult volunteers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study aimed to test the hypothesis that the paediatric fixed-dose combination granule for reconstitution (comprising lamivudine/zidovudine/nevirapine 30/60/50 mg per 5 ml) as a test product is bioequivalent to the coadministered single entities of the referenced products. Fixed-dose combination anti-retroviral therapy provides adequate suppression of HIV-1 replication, provides barrier to the development of resistance, simplifies dosage regimen and improves adherence.
  
  
  METHODS
  An open label, randomized, two-way crossover study was conducted on 24 health adults under fasted conditions, with a washout period of 14 days between treatments. A total of 15 blood samples were collected before dosing and up to 96 h post dosing. The drugs were extracted from plasma and anlaysed using a validated high performance liquid chromatography- ultraviolet method. Non- compartmental pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis was performed to obtain the PK parameters, maximum plasma concentration (C max), area under the curve of plasma concentration-time curves from the time zero to last measurable concentration (AUC0-t) and the area under the curve extrapolated to infinity (AUC 0-∞) ANOVA test was performed to determine the effect of model factors on the PK parameters. The two one-sided t-tests were performed on the log-transformed data to determine the 90% CL for the ratio of test to reference PK parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The drugs were well tolerated and safe with minimal adverse events. The ANOVA test indicated the absence of any significant effects ( P>0.05) due to the model parameters. The 90% Cl for the geometric mean ratio of the test/reference for the Cmax, AUC0-t and the AUC0-∞ for lamivudine, zidovudine and nevirapine were within 80-125% bioequivalence limits.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This single dose randomized study found that the test and reference products met the criteria for bioequivalence in the fasting healthy adult volunteers.
authors: Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors: Frederick
authors: F
authors: Esseku
authors: Anjali
authors: A
authors: Joshi
authors: Yemisi
authors: Y
authors: Oyegbile
authors: Grace
authors: G
authors: Edowhorhu
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Gbadero
authors: Moji
authors: M
authors: Adeyeye
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019259:Lamivudine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019829:Nevirapine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D013810:Therapeutic Equivalency; D055815:Young Adult; D015215:Zidovudine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D004338:Drug Combinations; D019259:Lamivudine; D015215:Zidovudine; D019829:Nevirapine