title: Antigenic characterization of H3N2 influenza A viruses from Ohio agricultural fairs.
abstract: The demonstrated link between the emergence of H3N2 variant (H3N2v) influenza A viruses (IAVs) and swine exposure at agricultural fairs has raised concerns about the human health risk posed by IAV-infected swine. Understanding the antigenic profiles of IAVs circulating in pigs at agricultural fairs is critical to developing effective prevention and control strategies. Here, 68 H3N2 IAV isolates recovered from pigs at Ohio fairs (2009 to 2011) were antigenically characterized. These isolates were compared with other H3 IAVs recovered from commercial swine, wild birds, and canines, along with human seasonal and variant H3N2 IAVs. Antigenic cartography demonstrated that H3N2 IAV isolates from Ohio fairs could be divided into two antigenic groups: (i) the 2009 fair isolates and (ii) the 2010 and 2011 fair isolates. These same two antigenic clusters have also been observed in commercial swine populations in recent years. Human H3N2v isolates from 2010 and 2011 are antigenically clustered with swine-origin IAVs from the same time period. The isolates recovered from pigs at fairs did not cross-react with ferret antisera produced against the human seasonal H3N2 IAVs circulating during the past decade, raising the question of the degree of immunity that the human population has to swine-origin H3N2 IAVs. Our results demonstrate that H3N2 IAVs infecting pigs at fairs and H3N2v isolates were antigenically similar to the IAVs circulating in commercial swine, demonstrating that exhibition swine can function as a bridge between commercial swine and the human population.
authors: Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA.
authors: Zhixin
authors: Z
authors: Feng
authors: Janet
authors: J
authors: Gomez
authors: Andrew S
authors: AS
authors: Bowman
authors: Jianqiang
authors: J
authors: Ye
authors: Li-Ping
authors: LP
authors: Long
authors: Sarah W
authors: SW
authors: Nelson
authors: Jialiang
authors: J
authors: Yang
authors: Brigitte
authors: B
authors: Martin
authors: Kun
authors: K
authors: Jia
authors: Jacqueline M
authors: JM
authors: Nolting
authors: Fred
authors: F
authors: Cunningham
authors: Carol
authors: C
authors: Cardona
authors: Jianqiang
authors: J
authors: Zhang
authors: Kyoung-Jin
authors: KJ
authors: Yoon
authors: Richard D
authors: RD
authors: Slemons
authors: Xiu-Feng
authors: XF
authors: Wan
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D000818:Animals; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000145:classification* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001483:Base Sequence; D003429:Cross Reactions / Q000276:immunology; D005289:Ferrets / Q000821:virology; D006385:Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests; D053122:Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype / Q000276:immunology*; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D008957:Models, Genetic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009820:Ohio / Q000453:epidemiology; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission / Q000662:veterinary*; D010802:Phylogeny; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D017423:Sequence Analysis, RNA; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology*; D015047:Zoonoses / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D000956:Antigens, Viral; D012367:RNA, Viral
references: Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Apr 15;44(8):1084-8
references: 17366454
references: J Virol. 1998 Sep;72(9):7367-73
references: 9696833
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Apr 10;104(15):6283-8
references: 17395716
references: Science. 2006 Apr 21;312(5772):384-8
references: 16627734
references: Emerg Infect Dis. 2005 Dec;11(12):1974-6
references: 16485496
references: J Vet Diagn Invest. 2010 May;22(3):352-9
references: 20453207
references: Zoonoses Public Health. 2013 May;60(3):196-201
references: 22776714
references: J Virol. 2004 Sep;78(17):8951-9
references: 15308692
references: Emerg Infect Dis. 2012 Dec;18(12):1945-50
references: 23171654
references: Infect Genet Evol. 2010 Dec;10(8):1286-8
references: 20732458
references: Emerg Infect Dis. 2011 Jun;17(6):1143-4
references: 21749798
references: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2012 Jan 6;60(51-52):1741-4
references: 22217624
references: J Clin Microbiol. 2005 Jun;43(6):3027-9
references: 15956452
references: J Exp Med. 1931 Jul 31;54(3):373-85
references: 19869924
references: N Engl J Med. 2009 Nov 12;361(20):1945-52
references: 19745214
references: Science. 2004 Jul 16;305(5682):371-6
references: 15218094
references: J Virol. 2012 Jun;86(12):6970-8
references: 22496212
references: J Virol. 1999 Oct;73(10):8851-6
references: 10482643
references: J Virol. 2013 Jan;87(2):1261-3
references: 23115290
references: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2012 Aug 17;61(32):619-21
references: 22895386
references: Virology. 2012 Jan 5;422(1):151-60
references: 22078166
references: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2011 Dec 2;60(47):1615-7
references: 22129996
references: Emerg Infect Dis. 2012 Sep;18(9):1519-21
references: 22932697
references: Infect Immun. 1981 Nov;34(2):354-61
references: 7309229
references: Adv Virus Res. 2008;72:127-54
references: 19081490
references: J Clin Microbiol. 2011 Oct;49(10):3531-6
references: 21832017
references: J Gen Virol. 2011 Apr;92(Pt 4):919-30
references: 21177926
references: Bioinformatics. 2012 May 1;28(9):1292-3
references: 22399675
references: Arch Virol. 2001 Dec;146(12):2275-89
references: 11811679
references: Emerg Infect Dis. 2012 May;18(5):834-7
references: 22516540
references: Virology. 2005 May 25;336(1):113-9
references: 15866076
references: Extremophiles. 2004 Aug;8(4):291-9
references: 15150699
references: Emerg Microbes Infect. 2012 Oct;1(10):e33
references: 26038404
references: Annu Rev Immunol. 1990;8:737-71
references: 2188678
references: J Exp Med. 1938 Apr 30;67(5):739-48
references: 19870752
references: PLoS One. 2008;3(10):e3462
references: 18941631
references: Microbiol Rev. 1992 Mar;56(1):152-79
references: 1579108
references: J Virol. 2011 Dec;85(24):13432-8
references: 21976646
references: Virology. 2013 Jan 20;435(2):350-6
references: 23123011
references: PLoS Comput Biol. 2010 Oct 07;6(10):e1000949
references: 20949097
references: Emerg Infect Dis. 2006 Jul;12(7):1132-5
references: 16836834
references: Vet Microbiol. 2000 May 22;74(1-2):47-58
references: 10799777
references: Science. 1982 Feb 26;215(4536):1129-31
references: 7063847
references: JAMA. 1991 Jan 23-30;265(4):478-81
references: 1845913
references: J Phys Chem B. 2008 Dec 11;112(49):15813-20
references: 19367871
references: J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2012 Apr 1;240(7):876-82
references: 22443443
references: Nucleic Acids Res. 2004 Mar 19;32(5):1792-7
references: 15034147