title: Rare mutations in non-small-cell lung cancer.
abstract: In the last decade, new insights in molecular biology have changed the therapeutic landscape of non-small-cell lung cancer. Since 2004, when activating mutations of the EGFR were firstly identified, several genetic aberrations have been discovered, mainly in adenocarcinoma. EGFR mutations are a relatively frequent event in non-small-cell lung cancer, generally consisting of exon 19 deletion or exon 21 substitution. In adenocarcinoma, additional rare mutations are detectable in the EGFR gene, as well as in other genes, including ALK, ROS1, RET, HER2 and BRAF. Recent studies in squamous cell carcinoma identified TP53 as the most frequent mutation, followed by additional more rare mutations, including PI3KCA, PTEN, DDR2 and FGFR. The aim of the present review is to analyze the potential prognostic and predictive role of rare mutations.
authors: University of Colorado Cancer Center, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 East 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
authors: Manolo
authors: M
authors: D'Arcangelo
authors: Armida
authors: A
authors: D'Incecco
authors: Federico
authors: F
authors: Cappuzzo
mesh_terms: D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D009154:Mutation; D011379:Prognosis; D048493:Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf / Q000235:genetics; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D066246:ErbB Receptors; D048493:Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; C512478:EGFR protein, human; C508053:ERBB2 protein, human; C482119:BRAF protein, human