title: Lumbosacral pain in ballet school students. Pilot study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The unique biomechanical demands placed on ballet students predispose to injury and pain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of lumbosacral pain in ballet school students and to identify possible risk factors for the pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study group comprised 71 ballet school students, including 45 females and 26 males, aged 15-18 years (mean 16.5 years). In order to identify possible risk factors for pain, a survey was conducted, the angle of sacral bone inclination was measured using a mechanical inclinometer and the BMI was calculated. A VAS scale was used for a subjective assessment of pain intensity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Low back pain was reported by 44 patients (62%). A comparison of sacral inclination angles in a position with the feet placed parallel and in the turnout position showed statistically significant changes in the angle among respondents reporting pain (p <0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  1. Compensation in the turnout position by increas ed anterior tilt of the pelvis may increase the risk of low back pain. 2. An angle of sacral bone inclination in turnout above or equal to 30° can increase the intensity of low back pain. 3. A BMI below 18.5 in female ballet school stu dents can increase the risk of lumbosacral pain.
authors: Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce. marlena.drezewska@gmail.com
authors: Marlena
authors: M
authors: Drężewska
authors: Zbigniew
authors: Z
authors: Śliwiński
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D003615:Dancing / Q000293:injuries*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000209:etiology; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae; D008297:Male; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D010865:Pilot Projects; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D013334:Students; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires