title: Targeting signaling pathways in epithelial ovarian cancer.
abstract: Ovarian carcinoma (OC) is the most lethal gynecological malignancy. Response to platinum-based chemotherapy is poor in some patients and, thus, current research is focusing on new therapy options. The various histological types of OC are characterized by distinctive molecular genetic alterations that are relevant for ovarian tumorigenesis. The understanding of these molecular pathways is essential for the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We want to give an overview on the molecular genetic changes of the histopathological types of OC and their role as putative therapeutic targets. In Depth Review of Existing Data: In 2012, the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitor, bevacizumab, was approved for OC treatment. Bevacizumab has shown promising results as single agent and in combination with conventional chemotherapy, but its target is not distinctive when analyzed before treatment. At present, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors, poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors and components of the EGFR pathway are in the focus of clinical research. Interestingly, some phytochemical substances show good synergistic effects when used in combination with chemotherapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ongoing studies of targeted agents in conjunction with chemotherapy will show whether there are alternative options to bevacizumab available for OC patients. Novel targets which can be assessed before therapy to predict efficacy are needed. The assessment of therapeutic targets is continuously improved by molecular pathological analyses on tumor tissue. A careful selection of patients for personalized treatment will help to reduce putative side effects and toxicity.
authors: Institute of Pathology, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 25, A-8036 Graz, Austria. sigurd.lax@medunigraz.at.
authors: Elisabeth
authors: E
authors: Smolle
authors: Valentin
authors: V
authors: Taucher
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Pichler
authors: Edgar
authors: E
authors: Petru
authors: Sigurd
authors: S
authors: Lax
authors: Johannes
authors: J
authors: Haybaeck
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D000077216:Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D009375:Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor
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