title: Prophylactic efficacy of oral emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate combination therapy against a tenofovir-resistant simian/human immunodeficiency virus containing the K65R mutation in macaques.
abstract: Daily preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (FTC/TDF) is a novel strategy for preventing human immunodeficiency virus infection. We investigated in macaques whether FTC/TDF prevents transmission of a tenofovir-resistant simian/human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) containing the K65R mutation. Six macaques received weekly a dose of FTC/TDF 3 days before rectal SHIV exposures and a second dose 2 hours after. Six untreated animals were controls. Animals were exposed rectally to escalating virus doses weekly for up to 28 weeks. PrEP significantly delayed infection with SHIVK65R (P = .028), although 4 of 6 FTC/TDF-treated macaques were infected at the end of the challenges. These findings highlight the need to closely monitor PrEP efficacy in areas with prevalent K65R.
authors: Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors: Mian-er
authors: ME
authors: Cong
authors: James
authors: J
authors: Mitchell
authors: Elizabeth
authors: E
authors: Sweeney
authors: Shanon
authors: S
authors: Bachman
authors: Debra L
authors: DL
authors: Hanson
authors: Walid
authors: W
authors: Heneine
authors: J Gerardo
authors: JG
authors: García-Lerma
mesh_terms: D000225:Adenine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D018562:Disease Transmission, Infectious / Q000517:prevention & control; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral; D000068679:Emtricitabine; D006678:HIV / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D008251:Macaca; D020125:Mutation, Missense; D063065:Organophosphonates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D000068698:Tenofovir; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D063065:Organophosphonates; D003841:Deoxycytidine; D000068698:Tenofovir; D000068679:Emtricitabine; D000225:Adenine
keywords: HIV-1 drug resistance; Preexposure prophylaxis; emtricitabine; tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
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