title: Incidence and management of elevated intraocular pressure with antivascular endothelial growth factor agents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review recent literature regarding ocular hypertension following intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factors (anti-VEGF).
  
  
  METHODS
  An electronic literature search was performed using MEDLINE, OVID, and PubMed. Key search terms were elevated IOP, anti-VEGF, sustained IOP elevation in anti-VEGF, chronic intraocular pressure elevation in anti-VEGF, high IOP with anti-VEGF, acute elevation in intraocular pressure with anti-VEGF, glaucoma and anti-VEGF.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Transient elevation of intraocular pressure after intravitreal anti-VEGF injection is due to temporary increase in volume, and the acute spike generally does not affect a healthy eye. Caution should be taken in a glaucomatous eye, and pretreatment with an IOP-lowering medication is recommended. Persistent elevation of intraocular pressure is more common than previously thought and may be correlated to several factors including increased number of intravitreal injections.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Persistent ocular hypertension may be associated with intravitreal anti-VEGF injections. Physicians should be aware of this condition and monitor their patients for persistent ocular hypertension, especially in eyes with preexisting glaucoma. Prompt diagnosis and treatment can prevent potential loss of vision.
authors: University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
authors: Gelareh
authors: G
authors: Abedi
authors: Ron A
authors: RA
authors: Adelman
authors: Sarwat
authors: S
authors: Salim
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D058449:Intravitreal Injections / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009798:Ocular Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D000069579:Ranibizumab; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D000069579:Ranibizumab