title: Reversal of dental fluorosis: A clinical study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was conducted to evaluate the clinical reversal of dental fluorosis with various combinations of calcium, vitamin D3, and ascorbic acid, along with changes in levels of certain biochemical parameters concerned with dental fluorosis. The role of fluoride level of drinking water in the etiology of dental fluorosis and the prevalence of dental fluorosis in both dentitions and teeth were also assessed.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total number of 50 patients with clinical features of dental fluorosis without trauma and any adverse habits were selected. Of these, in 30 co-operative patients, estimation of water fluoride level and pretreatment and post-treatment serum and urine fluoride levels were done with ion selective electrode method. The selected 30 patients were divided into three groups, that is, group A, group B, and group C, and were given various combinations of medications like calcium with vitamin D3 supplements, ascorbic acid with vitamin D3 supplements, and chlorhexidine mouthwash (placebo) for three months, respectively. These 30 patients were assessed for any change in the clinical grading of dental fluorosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No change in clinical grading of dental fluorosis was noted. Considerable reduction in serum and urine fluoride levels was noted in both group A and group B patients. Dental fluorosis was noted in permanent teeth more commonly than deciduous teeth, and permanent maxillary central incisors had the highest prevalence rate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study comprises only 30 patients with three months of follow-up. So, this sample of patients and duration of follow-up period are conclusive to observe changes in biochemical parameters but not sufficient to observe changes in clinical grading.
authors: Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Karnavati School of Dentistry, Uvarsad, Gandhinagar, India.
authors: Dhaval N
authors: DN
authors: Mehta
authors: Jigna
authors: J
authors: Shah
keywords: Ascorbic acid; calcium; dental fluorosis; fluorosis
references: J Public Health Dent. 2001 Spring;61(2):87-91
references: 11474919
references: Community Dent Health. 2004 Jun;21(2):143-8
references: 15228203
references: Dent Clin North Am. 2003 Apr;47(2):225-43
references: 12699229
references: Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1998 Dec;26(6):382-93
references: 9870537
references: Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1998 Aug;26(4):241-8
references: 9758424
references: Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1994 Jun;22(3):173-80
references: 8070245
references: Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2002 Oct;30(5):382-91
references: 12236830
references: Indian Pediatr. 2001 Feb;38(2):139-46
references: 11224578
references: ASDC J Dent Child. 1981 Mar-Apr;48(2):103-8
references: 6938542
references: Indian Pediatr. 1994 Apr;31(4):439-43
references: 7875866
references: Int Dent J. 2003 Aug;53(4):243-8
references: 12953893
references: Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1999 Apr;27(2):130-6
references: 10226723
references: Caries Res. 1992;26(5):328-32
references: 1468095
references: Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1994 Jun;22(3):181-6
references: 8070246
references: J Bone Miner Res. 2008 May;23(5):759-69
references: 18179362
references: Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2002 Aug;30(4):286-95
references: 12147170
references: Indian J Med Sci. 2003 Sep;57(9):394-9
references: 14515029
references: Arch Environ Health. 2003 May;58(5):306-15
references: 14738277
references: J Dent Child (Chic). 2004 May-Aug;71(2):121-5
references: 15587093
references: Indian J Public Health. 2011 Oct-Dec;55(4):303-8
references: 22298140
references: Caries Res. 1985;19(6):519-27
references: 3865708
references: Int J Paediatr Dent. 1999 Mar;9(1):3-11
references: 10336711
references: J Can Dent Assoc. 2003 May;69(5):286-91
references: 12734021
references: Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1999 Aug;27(4):305-12
references: 10403091
references: Acta Paediatr Jpn. 1996 Oct;38(5):513-9
references: 8942013
references: Adv Dent Res. 1994 Jun;8(1):39-55
references: 7993559
references: Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1999 Feb;27(1):41-7
references: 10086925
references: J Am Coll Nutr. 2004 Apr;23(2):108-16
references: 15047676
references: Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2009 Feb 01;14(2):E103-7
references: 19179949
references: Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1998 Oct;26(5):316-23
references: 9792123
references: Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1997 Aug;25(4):324-7
references: 9332811
references: Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1992 Aug;20(4):196-9
references: 1526103