title: Incidence of canalicular closure with endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy without intubation in primary nasolacrimal duct obstruction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the incidence of canalicular closure with powered endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) without canalicular intubation in primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (PANDO).
  
  
  METHODS
  A single-surgeon, prospective, nonrandomized, noncomparative, interventional case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive patients attending a specialist clinic of an oculoplastic surgeon (DS) with radiologically confirmed diagnosis of PANDO. Cases of canalicular disease were excluded.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with radiologically confirmed PANDO without canalicular involvement underwent endonasal DCR without intubation. The operation was performed by 1 surgeon (DS) and follow-up was at 4 weeks and 12 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outcomes were recorded as subjective symptomatic relief at 12 months and endoscopic evidence of ostium patency and canalicular patency.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 132 cases that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Three cases were lost to follow-up. Preoperatively, 96.3% of cases had Munk scores of >2. Of the 129 cases, 127 (98.5%) had endoscopic evidence of a patent ostium with a positive endoscopic dye test at the 12-month follow-up. All cases had a patent canalicular system as demonstrated by syringing and probing. Of the 129 cases, 117 (90.7%) had subjective improvement of epiphora at 12 months with 88.4% of cases reporting Munk scores of ≤1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this prospective series of nonintubation for PANDO, there were no cases of canalicular closure or stenosis at 12 months. Anatomic and functional success was similar to reported outcomes for DCR with intubation for PANDO. We advocate that routine intubation for the purpose of maintaining canalicular patency is not necessary when performing endonasal DCR in PANDO.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found after the references.
authors: Oculoplastic and Orbital Division, Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Adelaide, and South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, Adelaide, Australia. pscan05@yahoo.co.uk
authors: Paul S
authors: PS
authors: Cannon
authors: WengOnn
authors: W
authors: Chan
authors: Dinesh
authors: D
authors: Selva
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003608:Dacryocystorhinostomy / Q000379:methods*; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007440:Intubation; D007767:Lacrimal Duct Obstruction / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009301:Nasolacrimal Duct / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012086:Reoperation; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult