title: Monitoring of platelet activation in platelet concentrates using transmission electron microscopy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The quality of platelet concentrates (PC) is important for the in vivo recovery of thrombostasis in patients suffering from bleeding disorders and in tumor patients after chemotherapy. In this respect, activated platelets (PLT) cannot display their full functionality in the recipient and even can cause adverse effects. Therefore, we developed a transmission electron microscopy (TEM) method for quality assessment of PC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Score values taken from panorama TEM images describe the progress of PLT activation. To exemplify this method, i) 19 apheresis PC isolated with the Baxter Amicus system (BA) were compared with 14 PC obtained from pooled buffy coats (BC). ii) The score values of 33 PC derived from BA as well from BC were compared with flow-cytometric CD62P determinations by cross correlation. iii) Changes in the score value profiles during storage of a single pathogen-reduced BA PC were monitored over a period of 7 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The TEM evaluation described allows for demonstrating particular PLT activation stages. i) Significant differences between the percentages of the score values 0, 1 and 2 could be demonstrated in both processing groups. No significant differences were found comparing these two groups. ii) A weak correlation could be shown when comparing the percentages of score values 2 plus 3 with the percentage of CD62P-positive PLT. iii) The pathogen reduction affected slightly the score profiles during storage due to an increase of dead PLT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our investigations demonstrate the unique detailed quality information of PC obtained by the TEM method. This method can be performed in every routine electron microscopy laboratory.
authors: Medical University of Vienna, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Ultrastructure Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors: Josef
authors: J
authors: Neumüller
authors: Claudia
authors: C
authors: Meisslitzer-Ruppitsch
authors: Adolf
authors: A
authors: Ellinger
authors: Margit
authors: M
authors: Pavelka
authors: Christof
authors: C
authors: Jungbauer
authors: Renate
authors: R
authors: Renz
authors: Gerda
authors: G
authors: Leitner
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Wagner
keywords: Platelet activation; Quality control of platelet concentrates; Transmission electron microscopy; Ultrastructure
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