title: Randomized controlled trial: a randomized controlled clinical trial comparing a remineralizing paste with an antibacterial gel to prevent early childhood caries.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to compare twice daily tooth-brushing using 0.304 percent fluoride toothpaste alone with: (1) twice daily tooth-brushing plus once daily 10% casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) paste; and (2) twice daily tooth-brushing plus once daily 0.12% chlorhexidine gel (CHX) for reducing early childhood caries (ECC) and mutans streptococci (MS) colonization.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects (n=622) recruited at birth were randomized to receive either CPP-ACP or CHX or no product (study control [SC]). All children were examined at 6, 12, and 18 months old in their homes, and at 24 months old in a community dental clinic.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 24 months old, the caries incidence was 1% (2/163) in CPP-ACP, 2% (4/180) in CHX, and 2% (3/188) in SC groups. In children who were previously MS colonized at 12 and 18 months old, 0% (0/11) and 5% (3/63), respectively, of the CPP-ACP group remained MS-positive versus 22% (2/9) and 72% (18/25) in CHX and 16% (4/25) and 50% (7/14) in SC groups (P<.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is insufficient evidence to justify the daily use of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate or chlorhexidine gel to control early childhood caries.
authors: K A
authors: KA
authors: Plonka
authors: M L
authors: ML
authors: Pukallus
authors: T F
authors: TF
authors: Holcombe
authors: A G
authors: AG
authors: Barnett
authors: L J
authors: LJ
authors: Walsh
authors: W K
authors: WK
authors: Seow
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D058491:Bacterial Load; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002364:Caseins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005459:Fluorides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006267:Health Education, Dental; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D009035:Mothers / Q000193:education; D011203:Poverty; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014089:Tooth Remineralization / Q000379:methods*; D014099:Toothbrushing / Q000379:methods; D014100:Toothpastes / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D002364:Caseins; D014100:Toothpastes; C447032:casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate nanocomplex; D005459:Fluorides; D002710:Chlorhexidine