title: Expression of intestinal CD40 after experimental traumatic brain injury in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) has been shown to be activated in the intestine after traumatic brain injury (TBI), and results in gastrointestinal mucosal injury. In addition, CD40 has a major role in the activation of NF-κB and is up-regulated in inflammatory bowel disease. However, we found no study in the literature investigating the intestinal expression of CD40 after TBI. Hence, we designed the current study to explore the intestinal expression pattern of CD40 after TBI in rats. We hypothesized that CD40 could mediate inflammation and ultimately contribute to acute intestinal mucosal injury after TBI.
  
  
  METHODS
  We randomly divided rats into control and TBI groups at 3, 6, 12, 24, and 72 h, respectively. We assessed the expression of CD40 by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and immunohistochemical study, and detected the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mRNA and protein levels of -CD40 increased by 3 and 6 h, peaked at 6 and 12 h, and remained elevated until 24 and 72 h post-injury, respectively. Levels of TNF-α, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1 also markedly increased in jejunum tissue after TBI. Interestingly, there was a positive relationship between the expression of CD40 and that of TNF-α, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CD40 could be markedly elevated in intestine after TBI in rats, and it might have an important role in the pathogenesis of acute intestinal mucosal injury mediated by inflammatory response.
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China; Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China.
authors: Yang-Chun
authors: YC
authors: Hu
authors: Fan
authors: F
authors: Wang
authors: Ding-Ding
authors: DD
authors: Zhang
authors: Qing
authors: Q
authors: Sun
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Li
authors: Yu-Xiang
authors: YX
authors: Dai
authors: Meng-Liang
authors: ML
authors: Zhou
authors: Chun-Hua
authors: CH
authors: Hang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D019013:CD40 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D007583:Jejunum / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D010865:Pilot Projects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D019013:CD40 Antigens; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1
keywords: CD40; Inflammatory response; Intestine; Traumatic brain injury