title: Characterization of the trunk neural crest in the bamboo shark, Chiloscyllium punctatum.
abstract: The neural crest is a population of mesenchymal cells that after migrating from the neural tube gives rise to structure and cell types: the jaw, part of the peripheral ganglia, and melanocytes. Although much is known about neural crest development in jawed vertebrates, a clear picture of trunk neural crest development for elasmobranchs is yet to be developed. Here we present a detailed study of trunk neural crest development in the bamboo shark, Chiloscyllium punctatum. Vital labeling with dioctadecyl tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI) and in situ hybridization using cloned Sox8 and Sox9 probes demonstrated that trunk neural crest cells follow a pattern similar to the migratory paths already described in zebrafish and amphibians. We found shark trunk neural crest along the rostral side of the somites, the ventromedial pathway, the branchial arches, the gut, the sensory ganglia, and the nerves. Interestingly, C. punctatum Sox8 and Sox9 sequences aligned with vertebrate SoxE genes, but appeared to be more ancient than the corresponding vertebrate paralogs. The expression of these two SoxE genes in trunk neural crest cells, especially Sox9, matched the Sox10 migratory patterns observed in teleosts. Also of interest, we observed DiI cells and Sox9 labeling along the lateral line, suggesting that in C. punctatum, glial cells in the lateral line are likely of neural crest origin. Although this has been observed in other vertebrates, we are the first to show that the pattern is present in cartilaginous fishes. These findings demonstrate that trunk neural crest cell development in C. punctatum follows the same highly conserved migratory pattern observed in jawed vertebrates.
authors: Biology Department, California State University Northridge, Northridge, California 91330, USA.
authors: Marilyn
authors: M
authors: Juarez
authors: Michelle
authors: M
authors: Reyes
authors: Tiffany
authors: T
authors: Coleman
authors: Lisa
authors: L
authors: Rotenstein
authors: Sothy
authors: S
authors: Sao
authors: Darwin
authors: D
authors: Martinez
authors: Matthew
authors: M
authors: Jones
authors: Rachel
authors: R
authors: Mackelprang
authors: Maria Elena
authors: ME
authors: De Bellard
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D018959:CD57 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D002465:Cell Movement; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000502:physiology*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009432:Neural Crest / Q000166:cytology* / Q000196:embryology*; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D010802:Phylogeny; D055757:SOXE Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D020539:Sequence Analysis, Protein; D012754:Sharks / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000196:embryology; D014404:Tubulin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D018959:CD57 Antigens; D055757:SOXE Transcription Factors; D014404:Tubulin; C098463:dolaisoleucine
keywords: Chiloscyllium punctatum; neural crest; shark embryo; sox8; sox9
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