title: Critical ages in the life course of the adult brain: nonlinear subcortical aging.
abstract: Age-related changes in brain structure result from a complex interplay among various neurobiological processes, which may contribute to more complex trajectories than what can be described by simple linear or quadratic models. We used a nonparametric smoothing spline approach to delineate cross-sectionally estimated age trajectories of the volume of 17 neuroanatomic structures in 1100 healthy adults (18-94 years). Accelerated estimated decline in advanced age characterized some structures, for example hippocampus, but was not the norm. For most areas, 1 or 2 critical ages were identified, characterized by changes in the estimated rate of change. One-year follow-up data from 142 healthy older adults (60-91 years) confirmed the existence of estimated change from the cross-sectional analyses for all areas except 1 (caudate). The cross-sectional and the longitudinal analyses agreed well on the rank order of age effects on specific brain structures (Spearman ρ = 0.91). The main conclusions are that most brain structures do not follow a simple path throughout adult life and that accelerated decline in high age is not the norm of healthy brain aging.
authors: Research Group for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. andersmf@psykologi.uio.no
authors: Anders M
authors: AM
authors: Fjell
authors: Lars T
authors: LT
authors: Westlye
authors: Håkon
authors: H
authors: Grydeland
authors: Inge
authors: I
authors: Amlien
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Espeseth
authors: Ivar
authors: I
authors: Reinvang
authors: Naftali
authors: N
authors: Raz
authors: Dominic
authors: D
authors: Holland
authors: Anders M
authors: AM
authors: Dale
authors: Kristine B
authors: KB
authors: Walhovd
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000473:pathology*; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000473:pathology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017711:Nonlinear Dynamics; D009929:Organ Size; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Aging; Amygdala; Atrophy; Cerebral cortex; Hippocampus; Longitudinal; Magnetic resonance imaging; Thalamus; Trajectory; White matter
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