title: Multicenter implementation of a severe sepsis and septic shock treatment bundle.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Severe sepsis and septic shock are leading causes of intensive care unit (ICU) admission, morbidity, and mortality. The effect of compliance with sepsis management guidelines on outcomes is unclear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effect on mortality of compliance with a severe sepsis and septic shock management bundle.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational study of a severe sepsis and septic shock bundle as part of a quality improvement project in 18 ICUs in 11 hospitals in Utah and Idaho.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 4,329 adult subjects with severe sepsis or septic shock admitted to study ICUs from the emergency department between January 2004 and December 2010, hospital mortality was 12.1%, declining from 21.2% in 2004 to 8.7% in 2010. All-or-none total bundle compliance increased from 4.9-73.4% simultaneously. Mortality declined from 21.7% in 2004 to 9.7% in 2010 among subjects noncompliant with one or more bundle element. Regression models adjusting for age, severity of illness, and comorbidities identified an association between mortality and compliance with each of inotropes and red cell transfusions, glucocorticoids, and lung-protective ventilation. Compliance with early resuscitation elements during the first 3 hours after emergency department admission caused ineligibility, through lower subsequent severity of illness, for these later bundle elements.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Total severe sepsis and septic shock bundle compliances increased substantially and were associated with a marked reduction in hospital mortality after adjustment for age, severity of illness, and comorbidities in a multicenter ICU cohort. Early resuscitation bundle element compliance predicted ineligibility for subsequent bundle elements.
authors: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare, Murray, UT, USA. russ.miller@imail.org
authors: Russell R
authors: RR
authors: Miller
authors: Li
authors: L
authors: Dong
authors: Nancy C
authors: NC
authors: Nelson
authors: Samuel M
authors: SM
authors: Brown
authors: Kathryn G
authors: KG
authors: Kuttler
authors: Daniel R
authors: DR
authors: Probst
authors: Todd L
authors: TL
authors: Allen
authors: Terry P
authors: TP
authors: Clemmer
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017707:Erythrocyte Transfusion / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019983:Guideline Adherence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D007061:Idaho; D007362:Intensive Care Units / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012151:Resuscitation / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018805:Sepsis / Q000628:therapy*; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014589:Utah
chemical_list: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D005938:Glucocorticoids
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