title: Dynamic adaption of metabolic pathways during germination and growth of lily pollen tubes after inhibition of the electron transport chain.
abstract: Investigation of the metabolome and the transcriptome of pollen of lily (Lilium longiflorum) gave a comprehensive overview of metabolic pathways active during pollen germination and tube growth. More than 100 different metabolites were determined simultaneously by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, and expressed genes of selected metabolic pathways were identified by next-generation sequencing of lily pollen transcripts. The time-dependent changes in metabolite abundances, as well as the changes after inhibition of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, revealed a fast and dynamic adaption of the metabolic pathways in the range of minutes. The metabolic state prior to pollen germination differed clearly from the metabolic state during pollen tube growth, as indicated by principal component analysis of all detected metabolites and by detailed observation of individual metabolites. For instance, the amount of sucrose increased during the first 60 minutes of pollen culture but decreased during tube growth, while glucose and fructose showed the opposite behavior. Glycolysis, tricarbonic acid cycle, glyoxylate cycle, starch, and fatty acid degradation were activated, providing energy during pollen germination and tube growth. Inhibition of the mitochondrial electron transport chain by antimycin A resulted in an immediate production of ethanol and a fast rearrangement of metabolic pathways, which correlated with changes in the amounts of the majority of identified metabolites, e.g. a rapid increase in γ-aminobutyric acid indicated the activation of a γ-aminobutyric acid shunt in the tricarbonic acid cycle, while ethanol fermentation compensated the reduced ATP production after inhibition of the oxidative phosphorylation.
authors: Molecular Plant Biophysics and Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria. gerhard.obermeyer@sbg.ac.at
authors: Gerhard
authors: G
authors: Obermeyer
authors: Lena
authors: L
authors: Fragner
authors: Veronika
authors: V
authors: Lang
authors: Wolfram
authors: W
authors: Weckwerth
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D000968:Antimycin A / Q000494:pharmacology; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism; D004579:Electron Transport; D004798:Enzymes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000431:Ethanol / Q000378:metabolism; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D018525:Germination / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D027762:Lilium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways / Q000235:genetics; D010085:Oxidative Phosphorylation; D053205:Pollen Tube / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D013395:Sucrose / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D004798:Enzymes; D000431:Ethanol; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; D013395:Sucrose; D000968:Antimycin A; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate
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