title: Neuroblastoma: a rare cause of a limping child. How to avoid a delayed diagnosis?
abstract: Neuroblastoma is the most common solid extracranial tumor of childhood. Even though >25% of presentations are orthopaedic in nature, ranging from a limp to lower limb paralysis, neuroblastoma is a rare cause of limping in childhood and can therefore be easily missed by the admitting orthopaedic surgeon. Four cases of metastatic neuroblastoma are reported who all presented with hip pain within the last 3 years at Royal Manchester Children's Hospital. They all posed a diagnostic dilemma and an alternative diagnosis was initially made. A simple screening examination of the abdomen after ultrasonographic hip examination for sepsis would have led to an earlier diagnosis in all 4 cases. We suggest that including the abdomen in children undergoing a hip sonographic examination in those who are slightly atypical in nature or have indications of malignancy may lead to an early diagnosis of this rare cause of hip pain.
  
  
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authors: Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, UK. rishparmar@yahoo.co.uk
authors: Rishee
authors: R
authors: Parmar
authors: Farokh
authors: F
authors: Wadia
authors: Rafik
authors: R
authors: Yassa
authors: Michalis
authors: M
authors: Zenios
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000473:pathology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D057210:Delayed Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D006776:Hospitals, Pediatric; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology*; D014463:Ultrasonography