title: Insights into the photoprotective switch of the major light-harvesting complex II (LHCII): a preserved core of arginine-glutamate interlocked helices complemented by adjustable loops.
abstract: Light-harvesting antennae of the LHC family form transmembrane three-helix bundles of which two helices are interlocked by conserved arginine-glutamate (Arg-Glu) ion pairs that form ligation sites for chlorophylls. The antenna proteins of photosystem II have an intriguing dual function. In excess light, they can switch their conformation from a light-harvesting into a photoprotective state, in which the excess and harmful excitation energies are safely dissipated as heat. Here we applied magic angle spinning NMR and selective Arg isotope enrichment as a noninvasive method to analyze the Arg structures of the major light-harvesting complex II (LHCII). The conformations of the Arg residues that interlock helix A and B appear to be preserved in the light-harvesting and photoprotective state. Several Arg residues have very downfield-shifted proton NMR responses, indicating that they stabilize the complex by strong hydrogen bonds. For the Arg Cα chemical shifts, differences are observed between LHCII in the active, light-harvesting and in the photoprotective, quenched state. These differences are attributed to a conformational change of the Arg residue in the stromal loop region. We conclude that the interlocked helices of LHCII form a rigid core. Consequently, the LHCII conformational switch does not involve changes in A/B helix tilting but likely involves rearrangements of the loops and helical segments close to the stromal and lumenal ends.
authors: Department of Solid-State NMR, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratory, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors: Kiran
authors: K
authors: Sunku
authors: Huub J M
authors: HJ
authors: de Groot
authors: Anjali
authors: A
authors: Pandit
mesh_terms: D001120:Arginine / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D016825:Chlamydomonas reinhardtii / Q000201:enzymology*; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D045342:Light-Harvesting Protein Complexes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; D020836:Protein Structure, Quaternary; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary
chemical_list: D045342:Light-Harvesting Protein Complexes; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D001120:Arginine
keywords: Bioenergetics; LHC Family; Non-photochemical Quenching; Photosynthesis; Photosynthetic Light Harvesting; Photosystem II; Protein Conformation; Solid-state NMR
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