title: Increased expression of pregnancy up-regulated non-ubiquitous calmodulin kinase is associated with poor prognosis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aims of this study were to evaluate the clinical significance and potential prognostic value of pregnancy up-regulated non-ubiquitous calmodulin kinase (PNCK) in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The expression of PNCK mRNA was determined in 24 paired samples of ccRCCs and adjacent normal tissues using real-time RT-PCR. The expression of PNCK was determined in 248 samples of ccRCCs and 92 paired samples of adjacent normal tissues by immunohistochemical analysis. Statistical analysis was performed to define the relationship between PNCK expression and the clinical features of ccRCC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mRNA level of PNCK was significantly higher in tumorous tissues than in the adjacent non-tumorous tissues (p<0.001). An immunohistochemical analysis of 92 paired tissue specimens showed that PNCK expression was higher in tumorous tissues than in the adjacent non-tumorous tissues (p<0.001). Moreover, there was a significant correlation between the PNCK expression and various clinicopathological parameters such as Fuhrman grade (p = 0.011), tumor size (p<0.001), T stage (p<0.001) and N stage (p = 0.015). Patients with higher PNCK expression had shorter overall survival time than those with lower PNCK expression (p<0.001). Multivariate analysis indicated that PNCK expression was an independent predictor for poor survival of ccRCC patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To our knowledge, this is the first study that determines the relationship between PNCK and prognosis in ccRCC. We found that increased PNCK expression is associated with poor prognosis in ccRCC. PNCK may represent a novel prognostic marker for ccRCC.
authors: Institute of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors: Song
authors: S
authors: Wu
authors: Zhaojie
authors: Z
authors: Lv
authors: Yong
authors: Y
authors: Wang
authors: Liang
authors: L
authors: Sun
authors: Zhimao
authors: Z
authors: Jiang
authors: Congjie
authors: C
authors: Xu
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Zhao
authors: Xiaojuan
authors: X
authors: Sun
authors: Xianxin
authors: X
authors: Li
authors: Lijun
authors: L
authors: Hu
authors: Aifa
authors: A
authors: Tang
authors: Yaoting
authors: Y
authors: Gui
authors: Fangjian
authors: F
authors: Zhou
authors: Zhiming
authors: Z
authors: Cai
authors: Rongfu
authors: R
authors: Wang
mesh_terms: D054729:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016612:Paraffin Embedding; D011379:Prognosis; D016019:Survival Analysis; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D054729:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 1; C517606:PNCK protein, human
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