title: Elements of morphology: standard terminology for the external genitalia.
abstract: An international group of clinicians working in the field of dysmorphology has initiated the standardization of terms used to describe human morphology. The goals are to standardize these terms and reach consensus regarding their definitions. In this way, we will increase the utility of descriptions of the human phenotype and facilitate reliable comparisons of findings among patients. Discussions with other workers in dysmorphology and related fields, such as developmental biology and molecular genetics, will become more precise. Here we introduce the anatomy of the male and female genitalia, and define and illustrate the terms that describe the major characteristics of these body regions. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
authors: Department of Pediatrics and Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. r.c.hennekam@amc.uva.nl
authors: Raoul C M
authors: RC
authors: Hennekam
authors: Judith E
authors: JE
authors: Allanson
authors: Leslie G
authors: LG
authors: Biesecker
authors: John C
authors: JC
authors: Carey
authors: John M
authors: JM
authors: Opitz
authors: Eric
authors: E
authors: Vilain
mesh_terms: D000886:Anthropometry; D005260:Female; D005836:Genitalia, Female / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000473:pathology; D005837:Genitalia, Male / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010641:Phenotype; D009626:Terminology as Topic; D014481:United States
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