title: Pilot testing of checklists to discern adverse drug reactions and adverse drug events.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the prevalence of patient-reported adverse drug events (ADEs)/adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in the community pharmacy setting and determine the prevalence relative to pharmacist judgment.
  
  
  METHODS
  The 2009 version of the Pharmacy Times top 200 drugs was used to identify the prescription medications most commonly used within the ambulatory population during 2008. All ADEs/ADRs for each medication were obtained by combining the ADEs/ADRs listed in Drug Facts and Comparisons, Lexi-Comp, and Micromedex.
  
  
  METHODS
  Checklists for each pharmacologic class within the top 200 medications (n = 51) were developed, with questions about the five most common ADEs/ADRs in each class. Ten community pharmacies administered the checklists. Patients requesting a prescription refill for a medication listed in the top 200 were asked to complete a class-specific checklist to determine ADEs/ADRs experienced in the previous 4 weeks. Upon completion, pharmacists engaged in routine counseling procedures, including a discussion of patient-reported ADEs/ADRs. Pharmacists indicated if they believed, based on their clinical judgment, whether the ADE/ADR reported was related to the medication.
  
  
  RESULTS
  2,057 checklists were completed, with a total of 10,285 potential ADEs/ADRs. Patients reported 2,185 ADEs/ADRs (21.24%), with 755 (7.3%) definitively confirmed by the pharmacist as being related to their medication.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of these checklists resulted in the identification of previously unrecognized ADEs/ADRs in the community setting. Routine use of these short, patient-completed checklists may assist pharmacists in earlier identification of ADEs/ADRs, which can have a positive impact on patient safety across settings.
authors: School of Pharmacy, Cedarville University, Cedarville, OH, USA.
authors: Aleda M H
authors: AM
authors: Chen
authors: Mary E
authors: ME
authors: Kiersma
authors: Brian M
authors: BM
authors: Shepler
authors: Matthew M
authors: MM
authors: Murawski
mesh_terms: D016907:Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D057189:Checklist; D003157:Community Pharmacy Services; D006801:Humans; D010595:Pharmacists / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D055553:Prescription Drugs / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015995:Prevalence; D024382:Professional Role
chemical_list: D055553:Prescription Drugs