title: Neurovascular coupling: in vivo optical techniques for functional brain imaging.
abstract: Optical imaging techniques reflect different biochemical processes in the brain, which is closely related with neural activity. Scientists and clinicians employ a variety of optical imaging technologies to visualize and study the relationship between neurons, glial cells and blood vessels. In this paper, we present an overview of the current optical approaches used for the in vivo imaging of neurovascular coupling events in small animal models. These techniques include 2-photon microscopy, laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI), voltage-sensitive dye imaging (VSDi), functional photoacoustic microscopy (fPAM), functional near-infrared spectroscopy imaging (fNIRS) and multimodal imaging techniques. The basic principles of each technique are described in detail, followed by examples of current applications from cutting-edge studies of cerebral neurovascular coupling functions and metabolic. Moreover, we provide a glimpse of the possible ways in which these techniques might be translated to human studies for clinical investigations of pathophysiology and disease. In vivo optical imaging techniques continue to expand and evolve, allowing us to discover fundamental basis of neurovascular coupling roles in cerebral physiology and pathophysiology.
authors: Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, #05-COR, Singapore 117456, Singapore. gs336.tw@gmail.com
authors: Lun-De
authors: LD
authors: Liao
authors: Vassiliy
authors: V
authors: Tsytsarev
authors: Ignacio
authors: I
authors: Delgado-Martínez
authors: Meng-Lin
authors: ML
authors: Li
authors: Reha
authors: R
authors: Erzurumlu
authors: Ashwati
authors: A
authors: Vipin
authors: Josue
authors: J
authors: Orellana
authors: Yan-Ren
authors: YR
authors: Lin
authors: Hsin-Yi
authors: HY
authors: Lai
authors: You-Yin
authors: YY
authors: Chen
authors: Nitish V
authors: NV
authors: Thakor
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D064847:Multimodal Imaging; D061848:Optical Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D057170:Translational Research, Biomedical
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