title: Polyvinylpyrrolidone microneedles enable delivery of intact proteins for diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
abstract: We present a method of fabricating microneedles from polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) that enables delivery of intact proteins (or peptides) to the dermal layers of the skin. PVP is known to self-assemble into branched hollow fibers in aqueous and alcoholic solutions; we utilized this property to develop dissolvable patches of microneedles. Proteins were dissolved in concentrated PVP solution in both alcohol and water, poured into polydimethylsiloxane templates shaped as microneedles and, upon evaporation of solvent, formed into concentric, fibrous, layered structures. This approach of making PVP microneedles overcomes problems in dosage, uniform delivery and stability of protein formulation as compared to protein-coated metallic microneedles or photopolymerized PVP microneedles. Here we characterize the PVP microneedles and measure the delivery of proteins into skin. We show that our method of fabrication preserves the protein conformation. These microneedles can serve as a broadly useful platform for delivering protein antigens and therapeutic proteins to the skin, for example for allergen skin testing or immunotherapy.
authors: Biomaterials and Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
authors: Wenchao
authors: W
authors: Sun
authors: Zeynep
authors: Z
authors: Araci
authors: Mohammed
authors: M
authors: Inayathullah
authors: Sathish
authors: S
authors: Manickam
authors: Xuexiang
authors: X
authors: Zhang
authors: Marc A
authors: MA
authors: Bruce
authors: M Peter
authors: MP
authors: Marinkovich
authors: Alfred T
authors: AT
authors: Lane
authors: Carlos
authors: C
authors: Milla
authors: Jayakumar
authors: J
authors: Rajadas
authors: Manish J
authors: MJ
authors: Butte
mesh_terms: D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D007271:Injections, Intradermal / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008845:Microinjections / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008904:Miniaturization; D009339:Needles; D011205:Povidone / Q000737:chemistry*; D011506:Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D011506:Proteins; D011205:Povidone
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