title: Influence of ceramic surface treatment on shear bond strength of ceramic brackets.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare four different surface treatment methods and determine which produces adequate bond strength between ceramic brackets and facets of porcelain (feldspathic), and evaluate the Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) scores.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten facets of porcelain specimens with glazed surfaces were used for each group. The specimens were randomly assigned to one of the following treatment conditions of the porcelain surface: (1) no surface treatment (control group), (2) fine diamond bur + orthophosphoric acid gel 37%, (3) hydrofluoric acid (HFL) 10%, and (4) HFL 10% + silane. Ceramic brackets were bonded with the adhesive cement Transbond XT. The shear bond strength values were measured on a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant difference (P<0.05) between the control group and all other groups. There was no significant difference (P<0.05) between treated porcelain surface with diamond bur + orthophosphoric acid gel 37% (4.8 MPa) and HFL 10% (6.1 MPa), but the group treated with HFL 10% had clinically acceptable bond strength values. The group treated with HFL 10% + silane (17.5 MPa) resulted in a statistically significant higher tensile bond strength (P<0.05). In group 4, 20% of the porcelain facets displayed damage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Etching of the surface with HFL increased the bond strength values. Silane application was recommended to bond a ceramic bracket to the porcelain surface in order to achieve bond strengths that are clinically acceptable.
authors: Department of Orthodontics, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia and UNIP- Câmpus, Goiânia, Brazil.
authors: Tatiana Fernandes
authors: TF
authors: Ramos
authors: Marcos Augusto
authors: MA
authors: Lenza
authors: Rog Rio Vieira
authors: RR
authors: Reges
authors: Gersinei
authors: G
authors: Freitas
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000379:methods; D000268:Adhesiveness; D000538:Aluminum Silicates / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002516:Ceramics / Q000737:chemistry*; D001840:Dental Bonding; D045662:Dental Etching / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D003776:Dental Porcelain / Q000737:chemistry; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation; D018130:Diamond / Q000737:chemistry; D006858:Hydrofluoric Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D010756:Phosphoric Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D017680:Potassium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D011897:Random Allocation; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D033081:Shear Strength; D012821:Silanes / Q000737:chemistry; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D003764:Dental Materials; D010756:Phosphoric Acids; D017680:Potassium Compounds; D019279:Resin Cements; D012821:Silanes; C477790:Transbond XT; D003776:Dental Porcelain; C016447:feldspar; D018130:Diamond; C030242:phosphoric acid; D006858:Hydrofluoric Acid