title: Recreational use of D-lysergamide from the seeds of Argyreia nervosa, Ipomoea tricolor, Ipomoea violacea, and Ipomoea purpurea in Poland.
abstract: Recently, there are important changes in recreational drug use. The aim of the present study was to analyse reports published on a recreational web site by drug users who ingested seeds of plants belonging to the Convolvulaceae family and to compare them with available medical case reports. We have also included reports describing the effects induced by "druids fantasy," which is a new drug allegedly containing the same alkaloid as the seeds of A. nervosa. Our search reveals the reoccurrence of recreational use of I. tricolor and violacea (morning glory), which had not been reported in medical literature since 1968. We have also found that drug users are experimenting with other species, such as I. purpurea, whose psychoactive properties are unknown. Symptoms and doses reported by drug users were comparable with the few available medical case reports. The most worrying symptom was suicidal ideation reported by two subjects who ingested A. nervosa and Ipomoea seeds. Effects induced by druids fantasy were comparable with the effects induced by A. nervosa and various Ipomoea species. The ingestion of seeds was frequently associated with taking drugs such as cannabis and hashish, although other combinations, for example with dextromethorphan, were also reported.
authors: Department of Animal Behavior, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Jastrzebiec, Poland. g.juszczak@ighz.pl
authors: Grzegorz R
authors: GR
authors: Juszczak
authors: Artur H
authors: AH
authors: Swiergiel
mesh_terms: D027722:Convolvulaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D006213:Hallucinogens / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D027741:Ipomoea / Q000737:chemistry; D008238:Lysergic Acid Diethylamide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D012639:Seeds; D013045:Species Specificity; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D059020:Suicidal Ideation
chemical_list: D006213:Hallucinogens; D010936:Plant Extracts; C016543:lysergamide; D008238:Lysergic Acid Diethylamide