title: The xylem as battleground for plant hosts and vascular wilt pathogens.
abstract: Vascular wilts are among the most destructive plant diseases that occur in annual crops as well as in woody perennials. These diseases are generally caused by soil-borne bacteria, fungi, and oomycetes that infect through the roots and enter the water-conducting xylem vessels where they proliferate and obstruct the transportation of water and minerals. As a consequence, leaves wilt and die, which may lead to impairment of the whole plant and eventually to death of the plant. Cultural, chemical, and biological measures to control this group of plant pathogens are generally ineffective, and the most effective control strategy is the use of genetic resistance. Owing to the fact that vascular wilt pathogens live deep in the interior of their host plants, studies into the biology of vascular pathogens are complicated. However, to design novel strategies to combat vascular wilt diseases, understanding the (molecular) biology of vascular pathogens and the molecular mechanisms underlying plant defense against these pathogens is crucial. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge on interactions of vascular wilt pathogens with their host plants, with emphasis on host defense responses against this group of pathogens.
authors: Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University Wageningen, Netherlands.
authors: Koste A
authors: KA
authors: Yadeta
authors: Bart P H
authors: BP
authors: J Thomma
keywords: bacteria; defense response; fungi; immunity; innate; pathogen; xylem
references: Plant Physiol. 2008 Jun;147(2):503-17
references: 18434605
references: FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2011 May;35(3):555-75
references: 21251027
references: Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 2010 Apr;23(4):384-93
references: 20192826
references: Mol Plant Pathol. 2010 Mar;11(2):309-14
references: 20447279
references: Genome Biol. 2010;11(7):R73
references: 20626842
references: J Agric Food Chem. 2007 May 2;55(9):3373-7
references: 17394331
references: Planta. 2011 May;233(5):921-31
references: 21246215
references: Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 2001 Dec;14(12):1411-9
references: 11768536
references: Plant J. 2013 Jan;73(2):225-39
references: 22978675
references: PLoS One. 2010 Feb 17;5(2):e9262
references: 20174657
references: Plant Physiol. 2002 Jan;128(1):150-9
references: 11788760
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Mar 27;109(13):5110-5
references: 22416119
references: PLoS Pathog. 2011 Jul;7(7):e1002137
references: 21829347
references: Plant J. 2013 Mar;73(5):814-23
references: 23206229
references: Plant Cell Environ. 2011 May;34(5):821-36
references: 21276013
references: New Phytol. 2010 Sep;187(4):920-8
references: 20673287
references: Int Rev Cytol. 2000;199:161-99
references: 10874579
references: Appl Environ Microbiol. 2004 Aug;70(8):4989-95
references: 15294839
references: Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 2005 Dec;18(12):1306-17
references: 16478050
references: Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2009 Aug;12(4):390-8
references: 19608453
references: Plant Cell. 2012 Sep;24(9):3823-37
references: 23023171
references: Plant Physiol. 2003 Jan;131(1):41-8
references: 12529513
references: Plant Physiol. 2004 Jun;135(2):653-9
references: 15208411
references: New Phytol. 2008;177(3):608-626
references: 18086228
references: J Exp Bot. 2004 Aug;55(404):1947-53
references: 15181110
references: Annu Rev Phytopathol. 2011;49:533-55
references: 21438680
references: Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 2009 Mar;22(3):245-58
references: 19245319
references: Annu Rev Phytopathol. 2008;46:13-26
references: 18680421
references: Annu Rev Phytopathol. 2008;46:243-71
references: 18422428
references: J Exp Bot. 2004 Jul;55(402):1569-75
references: 15181107
references: Plant Cell Rep. 2005 Jul;24(5):255-65
references: 15856234
references: Plant Cell. 2008 Aug;20(8):2252-64
references: 18708476
references: Nature. 2002 Jan 31;415(6871):497-502
references: 11823852
references: J Bacteriol. 2010 Apr;192(7):2020-1
references: 20118253
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 May 22;98(11):6511-5
references: 11331751
references: Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 1997 Mar;61(1):17-32
references: 9106362
references: J Bacteriol. 1974 Aug;119(2):612-8
references: 4855307
references: Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2010 Mar;160(3):932-44
references: 19412582
references: Phytopathology. 1998 Mar;88(3):234-44
references: 18944970
references: Trends Plant Sci. 2011 Aug;16(8):451-9
references: 21602092
references: Cell Death Differ. 1997 Dec;4(8):684-8
references: 16465280
references: FEBS Lett. 2003 Jan 16;534(1-3):82-6
references: 12527365
references: Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 2013 Feb;26(2):182-90
references: 22991998
references: Plant Cell. 2001 May;13(5):1155-63
references: 11340188
references: Mol Plant Pathol. 2009 May;10(3):311-24
references: 19400835
references: Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 2013 Mar;26(3):278-86
references: 23051172
references: Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol. 1996 Jun;47:299-325
references: 15012291
references: Plant Physiol. 2011 Aug;156(4):2255-65
references: 21617027
references: Nature. 2000 Jul 13;406(6792):151-9
references: 10910347
references: Planta. 2003 Sep;217(5):783-93
references: 12721678
references: Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2004 May;5(5):379-91
references: 15122351
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Jun 8;101(23):8833-7
references: 15163796
references: Plant Physiol. 2007 Feb;143(2):1024-36
references: 17189331
references: Plant Physiol. 2009 May;150(1):320-32
references: 19321708
references: Plant Cell Environ. 2008 Mar;31(3):325-40
references: 18088330
references: Nucleic Acids Res. 2005 Jan 26;33(2):577-86
references: 15673718
references: Mol Plant Pathol. 2005 Jul 1;6(4):459-70
references: 20565671
references: Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 2011 Dec;24(12):1582-91
references: 21864046
references: FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2007 Jan;266(1):65-74
references: 17083369
references: Plant Physiol. 2010 Mar;152(3):1748-59
references: 20107028
references: Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 2012 Jul;25(7):964-75
references: 22414440
references: Plant Cell. 2004 Dec;16(12):3496-507
references: 15548740
references: Annu Rev Phytopathol. 1996;34:131-51
references: 15012538
references: Phytopathology. 2001 May;91(5):492-9
references: 18943594
references: Mol Plant Pathol. 2006 Sep;7(5):303-24
references: 20507449
references: Naturwissenschaften. 2010 Feb;97(2):219-27
references: 19967528
references: Cell. 2006 May 19;125(4):749-60
references: 16713565
references: Mol Plant Pathol. 2006 Mar 1;7(2):71-86
references: 20507429
references: Plant Physiol. 2002 Oct;130(2):904-17
references: 12376655
references: Mol Plant Pathol. 2011 Sep;12(7):628-37
references: 21726365
references: Mol Plant Pathol. 2003 Sep 1;4(5):315-25
references: 20569392
references: Genome Res. 2005 Jun;15(6):757-67
references: 15899963
references: Plant Dis. 2008 Feb;92(2):192-200
references: 30769380
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Feb 19;99(4):2404-9
references: 11842188
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Jun 24;100(13):8024-9
references: 12788974
references: Nat Rev Genet. 2010 Aug;11(8):539-48
references: 20585331
references: Pest Manag Sci. 2008 Aug;64(8):781-8
references: 18335459
references: J Bacteriol. 2008 Jan;190(1):343-55
references: 17951377
references: Annu Rev Phytopathol. 2009;47:39-62
references: 19385730
references: Cell Microbiol. 2010 Aug;12(8):1017-25
references: 20590657
references: J Plant Res. 2006 May;119(3):189-94
references: 16552477
references: Annu Rev Phytopathol. 1991;29:65-87
references: 18479193
references: Science. 1995 Dec 15;270(5243):1804-6
references: 8525370
references: Mol Plant Pathol. 2006 Nov;7(6):485-97
references: 20507463
references: Toxicon. 2011 Jan;57(1):176-8
references: 20955724
references: BMC Plant Biol. 2010 Oct 26;10:232
references: 20977727
references: Science. 2009 Nov 6;326(5954):850-3
references: 19892983
references: Plant Dis. 2008 Jan;92(1):69-77
references: 30786364
references: Nature. 2006 Nov 16;444(7117):323-9
references: 17108957
references: Plant J. 2009 Jun;58(6):970-8
references: 19228334
references: J Bacteriol. 2011 Feb;193(3):785-6
references: 21131493
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Apr 27;107(17):8029-34
references: 20385831
references: Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2011 Apr;22(2):293-9
references: 21144727
references: Annu Rev Phytopathol. 2006;44:135-62
references: 16602946
references: New Phytol. 2009;182(3):557-560
references: 19422544
references: Trends Plant Sci. 2000 Jan;5(1):35-40
references: 10637660
references: Annu Rev Plant Biol. 2002;53:183-202
references: 12221972
references: J Bacteriol. 2008 Mar;190(6):2138-49
references: 18192381
references: Nature. 2010 Mar 18;464(7287):367-73
references: 20237561
references: Plant Dis. 2008 Feb;92(2):270-275
references: 30769383
references: Planta. 2009 Aug;230(3):569-79
references: 19551405
references: FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 2008 Sep;65(3):565-73
references: 18631174
references: Mol Plant Pathol. 2007 Mar;8(2):215-21
references: 20507493
references: Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 2005 Sep;18(9):891-8
references: 16167759