title: The effectiveness of a near-infrared vascular imaging device to support intravenous cannulation in children with dark skin color: a cluster randomized clinical trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Poor vein visibility can make IV cannulation challenging in children with dark skin color. In the operating room, we studied the effectiveness of a near-infrared vascular imaging device (VascuLuminator) to facilitate IV cannulation in children with dark skin color.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the operating room of a general hospital in Curacao, all consecutive children (0-15 years of age) requiring IV cannulation were included in a pragmatic cluster randomized clinical trial. The VascuLuminator was made available to anesthesiologists at the operating complex in randomized clusters of 1 week.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Success at first attempt was 63% (27/43, 95% confidence interval [CI], 47%-77%) in the VascuLuminator group vs 51% (23 of 45 patients, 95% CI, 36%-66%) in the control group (P = 0.27). Median time to successful cannulation was 53 seconds (interquartile range: 34-154) in the VascuLuminator group and 68 seconds (interquartile range: 40-159) in the control group (P = 0.54), and hazard ratio was 1.12 (95% CI, 0.73-1.71).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The VascuLuminator has limited value in improving success at first attempt of facilitating IV cannulation in children with dark skin color.
authors: Department of Pediatric Anesthesia, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Division of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors: Olga C P
authors: OC
authors: van der Woude
authors: Natascha J
authors: NJ
authors: Cuper
authors: Chavalleh
authors: C
authors: Getrouw
authors: Cor J
authors: CJ
authors: Kalkman
authors: Jurgen C
authors: JC
authors: de Graaff
mesh_terms: D002406:Catheterization, Peripheral / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003116:Color; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D012867:Skin; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared / Q000295:instrumentation*; D062666:Vascular Access Devices; D014680:Veins / Q000033:anatomy & histology*