title: Modulation of lipopolysaccharide-induced chorioamnionitis in fetal sheep by maternal betamethasone.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We tested the hypothesis that the order of exposure to maternal betamethasone and intra-amniotic (IA) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) will differentially modulate inflammation in the chorioamnion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Time-mated Merino ewes with singleton fetuses received saline alone, IA LPS alone, maternal betamethasone before LPS, or betamethasone after LPS. We assessed inflammatory markers in the chorioamnion and the amniotic fluid.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Inflammatory cell infiltration, expression of myeloperoxidase, serum amyloid A3 (acute phase reactant) in the chorioamnion, and levels of interleukin (IL)-8 in the amniotic fluid increased 7 days after LPS exposure. Betamethasone prior to LPS decreased infiltration of the inflammatory cells, CD3+ T cells, and decreased the levels of IL-1β and IL-8 in the amniotic fluid.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Betamethasone 7 days prior to LPS exposure suppressed LPS-induced inflammation. The markers of inflammation largely had returned to the baseline 14 days after LPS exposure.
authors: 1Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University of Cincinnati college of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
authors: Katherine B
authors: KB
authors: Wolfe
authors: Candice C
authors: CC
authors: Snyder
authors: Tate
authors: T
authors: Gisslen
authors: Matthew W
authors: MW
authors: Kemp
authors: John P
authors: JP
authors: Newnham
authors: Boris W
authors: BW
authors: Kramer
authors: Alan H
authors: AH
authors: Jobe
authors: Suhas
authors: S
authors: Kallapur
mesh_terms: D000650:Amnion / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001623:Betamethasone / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D017252:CD3 Complex / Q000378:metabolism; D002821:Chorioamnionitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008431:Maternal-Fetal Exchange; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D000685:Serum Amyloid A Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012756:Sheep; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D017252:CD3 Complex; D016207:Cytokines; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000685:Serum Amyloid A Protein; C482199:lipopolysaccharide, E coli O55-B5; D001623:Betamethasone; D009195:Peroxidase
keywords: innate immunity; prematurity; preterm labor
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