title: Canna indica L. attenuates high-glucose- and lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory mediators in monocyte/macrophage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Canna indica L. (CI) has been widely used as a folklore medicine in tropical and subtropical areas with beneficial effects in numerous diseases, including infection, rheumatism, hepatitis, and it has also been identified as an antioxidant.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present study aimed to investigate the effect of Canna indica CI ethanolic extract (CIE) on productions of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. In addition, the effects of CIE in high glucose (HG)-induced U937 monocytes on mRNA expressions of IL-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways were also identified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CIE was found to inhibit the production of inflammatory mediators including NO, IL-1β, and PGE2 from LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. The increases in HG-induced mRNA expressions of IL-8 and MCP-1 were also significantly inhibited by CIE. Stimulation of HG in U937 monocytes resulted in activation of p38 MAPK, ERK1/2, and JNK. However, CIE treatment significantly decreased phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, ERK1/2, and JNK.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study demonstrated that CIE suppressed the LPS-induced inflammatory mediator production and also inhibited HG-induced inflammatory mediator expression by the regulation of MAPK pathway.
authors: Department of Food Science, National Chiayi University, 300 University Road, Chia-Yi 60004, Taiwan, ROC.
authors: Heng Jung
authors: HJ
authors: Chen
authors: Cheng-Nan
authors: CN
authors: Chen
authors: Mao-Lin
authors: ML
authors: Sung
authors: Yi-Chien
authors: YC
authors: Wu
authors: Pei-Ling
authors: PL
authors: Ko
authors: Tim K
authors: TK
authors: Tso
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D005947:Glucose; D006801:Humans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020298:U937 Cells; D019862:Zingiberales
chemical_list: D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D005947:Glucose; D015232:Dinoprostone