title: Chemometric assessment of enhanced bioremediation of oil contaminated soils.
abstract: Bioremediation is a promising technique for reclamation of oil polluted soils. In this study, six methods for enhancing bioremediation were tested on oil contaminated soils from three refinery areas in Iran (Isfahan, Arak, and Tehran). The methods included bacterial enrichment, planting, and addition of nitrogen and phosphorous, molasses, hydrogen peroxide, and a surfactant (Tween 80). Total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) concentrations and CHEMometric analysis of Selected Ion Chromatograms (SIC) termed CHEMSIC method of petroleum biomarkers including terpanes, regular, diaromatic and triaromatic steranes were used for determining the level and type of hydrocarbon contamination. The same methods were used to study oil weathering of 2 to 6 ring polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs). Results demonstrated that bacterial enrichment and addition of nutrients were most efficient with 50% to 62% removal of TPH. Furthermore, the CHEMSIC results demonstrated that the bacterial enrichment was more efficient in degradation of n-alkanes and low molecular weight PACs as well as alkylated PACs (e.g. C₃-C₄ naphthalenes, C₂ phenanthrenes and C₂-C₃ dibenzothiophenes), while nutrient addition led to a larger relative removal of isoprenoids (e.g. norpristane, pristane and phytane). It is concluded that the CHEMSIC method is a valuable tool for assessing bioremediation efficiency.
authors: Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran. Electronic address: m.soleimani@cc.iut.ac.ir.
authors: Mohsen
authors: M
authors: Soleimani
authors: Safir-e-Sabz Co. Isfahan Science & Technology Town, Isfahan, 84156, Iran.
authors: Majid
authors: M
authors: Farhoudi
authors: Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Section of Environmental Chemistry and -Physics, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
authors: Jan H
authors: JH
authors: Christensen
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D031751:Festuca / Q000378:metabolism; D064371:Hazardous Waste Sites; D006838:Hydrocarbons / Q000378:metabolism*; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D007492:Iran; D008965:Molasses; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000494:pharmacology; D010578:Petroleum; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000494:pharmacology; D011136:Polysorbates / Q000494:pharmacology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism*; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D006838:Hydrocarbons; D010578:Petroleum; D011136:Polysorbates; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D010758:Phosphorus; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D009584:Nitrogen