title: Experimental and clinical evaluation of a self-etching and an etch-and-rinse adhesive system.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the one-step self-etching adhesive iBond Gluma inside (1-SE) and the two-step etch-and rinse adhesive Gluma Comfort Bond (2-ER), both used in combination with the fine particle hybrid composite Venus, in a laboratory and in a prospective clinical study.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the in vitro study, tooth-composite interaction, microleakage, and adhesive failure of 8 Class V restorations per system were evaluated by light and scanning electron microscopy. In the in vivo study, 90 paired Class III/IV restorations were scored over 48 months (modified USPHS criteria). Cumulative failure rates (CFR) were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In vitro, microleakage and adhesive failure at enamel margins were significantly increased with 1-SE in comparison with 2-ER. With 1-SE, micromechanical interlocking at enamel was reduced and pores within the adhesive layer arose. In vivo, after 48 months with 1-SE, decreased marginal integrity and an increased number of dark marginal color lines were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because the results of the 4-year clinical study showed lower esthetics and marginal integrity for the 1-SE adhesive, its use should be viewed critically, which is in line with the reduced enamel-adhesive-composite interaction found in vitro.
authors: Department of Cariology, University of Leipzig, Germany. matthias.haefer@medizin.uni-leipzig.de
authors: Matthias
authors: M
authors: Häfer
authors: Hartmut
authors: H
authors: Schneider
authors: Stefan
authors: S
authors: Rupf
authors: Ingeborg
authors: I
authors: Busch
authors: Andreas
authors: A
authors: Fuchß
authors: Ilka
authors: I
authors: Merte
authors: Holger
authors: H
authors: Jentsch
authors: Rainer
authors: R
authors: Haak
authors: Knut
authors: K
authors: Merte
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003116:Color; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003737:Dental Cavity Preparation / Q000145:classification; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003763:Dental Leakage / Q000145:classification; D018772:Dental Marginal Adaptation; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent / Q000145:classification; D003804:Dentin / Q000648:ultrastructure; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D004955:Esthetics, Dental; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008875:Middle Aged; D016062:Porosity; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D013499:Surface Properties; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; C445021:Gluma Comfort Bond; D019279:Resin Cements; C488393:Venus (composite resin); C477386:iBond