title: Anaplasma phagocytophilum inhibits apoptosis and promotes cytoskeleton rearrangement for infection of tick cells.
abstract: Anaplasma phagocytophilum causes human granulocytic anaplasmosis. Infection with this zoonotic pathogen affects gene expression in both the vertebrate host and the tick vector, Ixodes scapularis. Here, we identified new genes, including spectrin alpha chain or alpha-fodrin (CG8) and voltage-dependent anion-selective channel or mitochondrial porin (T2), that are involved in A. phagocytophilum infection/multiplication and the tick cell response to infection. The pathogen downregulated the expression of CG8 in tick salivary glands and T2 in both the gut and salivary glands to inhibit apoptosis as a mechanism to subvert host cell defenses and increase infection. In the gut, the tick response to infection through CG8 upregulation was used by the pathogen to increase infection due to the cytoskeleton rearrangement that is required for pathogen infection. These results increase our understanding of the role of tick genes during A. phagocytophilum infection and multiplication and demonstrate that the pathogen uses similar strategies to establish infection in both vertebrate and invertebrate hosts.
authors: Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo, Ciudad Real, Spain.
authors: Nieves
authors: N
authors: Ayllón
authors: Margarita
authors: M
authors: Villar
authors: Ann T
authors: AT
authors: Busby
authors: Katherine M
authors: KM
authors: Kocan
authors: Edmour F
authors: EF
authors: Blouin
authors: Elena
authors: E
authors: Bonzón-Kulichenko
authors: Ruth C
authors: RC
authors: Galindo
authors: Atilio J
authors: AJ
authors: Mangold
authors: Pilar
authors: P
authors: Alberdi
authors: José M
authors: JM
authors: Pérez de la Lastra
authors: Jesús
authors: J
authors: Vázquez
authors: José
authors: J
authors: de la Fuente
mesh_terms: D041081:Anaplasma phagocytophilum / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D053453:Caspase 9 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000378:metabolism*; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000382:microbiology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D018884:Ixodes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D008297:Male; D008840:Microfilament Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D033681:Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010802:Phylogeny; D034622:RNA Interference; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012469:Salivary Glands / Q000382:microbiology; D013049:Spectrin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D050994:Voltage-Dependent Anion Channels / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D053453:Caspase 9; D008840:Microfilament Proteins; D033681:Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013049:Spectrin; D050994:Voltage-Dependent Anion Channels
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