title: Dominant frequencies of resting human brain activity as measured by the electrocorticogram.
abstract: The brain's spontaneous, intrinsic activity is increasingly being shown to reveal brain function, delineate large scale brain networks, and diagnose brain disorders. One of the most studied and clinically utilized types of intrinsic brain activity are oscillations in the electrocorticogram (ECoG), a relatively localized measure of cortical synaptic activity. Here we objectively characterize the types of ECoG oscillations commonly observed over particular cortical areas when an individual is awake and immobile with eyes closed, using a surface-based cortical atlas and cluster analysis. Both methods show that [1] there is generally substantial variability in the dominant frequencies of cortical regions and substantial overlap in dominant frequencies across the areas sampled (primarily lateral central, temporal, and frontal areas), [2] theta (4-8 Hz) is the most dominant type of oscillation in the areas sampled with a mode around 7 Hz, [3] alpha (8-13 Hz) is largely limited to parietal and occipital regions, and [4] beta (13-30 Hz) is prominent peri-Rolandically, over the middle frontal gyrus, and the pars opercularis. In addition, the cluster analysis revealed seven types of ECoG spectral power densities (SPDs). Six of these have peaks at 3, 5, 7 (narrow), 7 (broad), 10, and 17 Hz, while the remaining cluster is broadly distributed with less pronounced peaks at 8, 19, and 42 Hz. These categories largely corroborate conventional sub-gamma frequency band distinctions (delta, theta, alpha, and beta) and suggest multiple sub-types of theta. Finally, we note that gamma/high gamma activity (30+ Hz) was at times prominently observed, but was too infrequent and variable across individuals to be reliably characterized. These results should help identify abnormal patterns of ECoG oscillations, inform the interpretation of EEG/MEG intrinsic activity, and provide insight into the functions of these different oscillations and the networks that produce them. Specifically, our results support theories of the importance of theta oscillations in general cortical function, suggest that alpha activity is primarily related to sensory processing/attention, and demonstrate that beta networks extend far beyond primary sensorimotor regions.
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, Hofstra North Shore LIJ School of Medicine and Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 300 Community Dr., Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.
authors: David M
authors: DM
authors: Groppe
authors: Stephan
authors: S
authors: Bickel
authors: Corey J
authors: CJ
authors: Keller
authors: Sanjay K
authors: SK
authors: Jain
authors: Sean T
authors: ST
authors: Hwang
authors: Cynthia
authors: C
authors: Harden
authors: Ashesh D
authors: AD
authors: Mehta
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001683:Biological Clocks / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D058256:Brain Waves / Q000502:physiology*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012146:Rest / Q000502:physiology*
references: Clin Neurophysiol. 2010 Mar;121(3):311-7
references: 20075002
references: J Neurosci Methods. 2010 Sep 30;192(1):146-51
references: 20637804
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Mar 9;107(10):4734-9
references: 20176931
references: Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2001 Dec;11(6):739-44
references: 11741027
references: PLoS Comput Biol. 2012;8(9):e1002655
references: 22969416
references: Front Hum Neurosci. 2010 Nov 04;4:186
references: 21119777
references: Epilepsy Behav. 2007 May;10(3):463-9
references: 17337249
references: Neuroimage. 2006 Jul 1;31(3):968-80
references: 16530430
references: Magn Reson Imaging. 2009 Jul;27(6):733-40
references: 19110394
references: Neuron. 2012 Nov 21;76(4):838-846
references: 23177967
references: J Neurophysiol. 2005 May;93(5):2864-72
references: 15601739
references: Science. 2006 Sep 15;313(5793):1626-8
references: 16973878
references: Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2010 Apr;20(2):156-65
references: 20359884
references: J Neurosci. 2005 Dec 14;25(50):11730-7
references: 16354931
references: Prog Neurobiol. 2008 Nov;86(3):156-85
references: 18824212
references: Trends Cogn Sci. 1997 Aug;1(5):176-83
references: 21223899
references: J Neurophysiol. 2002 Oct;88(4):1634-54
references: 12364494
references: J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1944 Jul;7(3-4):57-65
references: 21610865
references: Neuroimage. 2005 Aug 15;27(2):341-56
references: 15927487
references: J Theor Biol. 2004 Dec 7;231(3):413-33
references: 15501472
references: Epilepsia. 2002 May;43(5):482-90
references: 12027908
references: Neuroimage. 2012 Feb 15;59(4):3563-70
references: 22155045
references: Brain Res. 2001 Feb 9;891(1-2):7-19
references: 11164805
references: Physiol Rev. 2010 Jul;90(3):1195-268
references: 20664082
references: PLoS Comput Biol. 2009 Dec;5(12):e1000609
references: 20019800
references: Prog Brain Res. 2006;159:29-42
references: 17071222
references: Epilepsia. 2003 Aug;44(8):1042-50
references: 12887435
references: Curr Opin Neurol. 2010 Apr;23(2):151-6
references: 20160649
references: Hum Brain Mapp. 1999;8(4):272-84
references: 10619420
references: Front Hum Neurosci. 2010 Oct 19;4:191
references: 21060716
references: Cold Spring Harb Protoc. 2014 Mar 01;2014(3):248-62
references: 24591695
references: Curr Biol. 2012 Aug 21;22(16):R658-63
references: 22917517
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Mar 18;105(11):4399-404
references: 18334648
references: Science. 2006 Nov 24;314(5803):1249-50
references: 17124311
references: Med Image Anal. 2001 Jun;5(2):143-56
references: 11516708
references: Hum Brain Mapp. 2002 Nov;17(3):143-55
references: 12391568
references: Hum Brain Mapp. 2009 Apr;30(4):1168-87
references: 18465747
references: Brain Res Rev. 2007 Jan;53(1):63-88
references: 16887192
references: Hum Brain Mapp. 2012 Aug;33(8):1914-28
references: 21769991
references: Neuroimage. 2008 Feb 15;39(4):1896-909
references: 18083601
references: Neuron. 2011 Nov 17;72(4):665-78
references: 22099467
references: Hum Brain Mapp. 2001 Jul;13(3):125-64
references: 11376500
references: Neural Comput. 2004 Jun;16(6):1299-323
references: 15130251
references: Nat Neurosci. 2011 Nov 13;14(12):1599-605
references: 22081157
references: J Neurophysiol. 2006 Mar;95(3):1630-8
references: 16207788
references: Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1978 Mar;44(3):344-52
references: 76540
references: Trends Cogn Sci. 2012 Mar;16(3):181-8
references: 22341211
references: J Neurosci. 2005 Jan 19;25(3):604-13
references: 15659596
references: Nature. 1999 Jun 24;399(6738):781-4
references: 10391243
references: Front Neurosci. 2007 Oct 15;1(1):185-96
references: 18982128
references: Clin Neurophysiol. 1999 Aug;110(8):1399-409
references: 10454276
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Aug 7;104(32):13170-5
references: 17670949
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Feb 15;97(4):1867-72
references: 10677548
references: Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1962 Apr;14:171-82
references: 14485320
references: Front Syst Neurosci. 2010 Jun 17;4:19
references: 20592951
references: Int J Psychophysiol. 2011 Jan;79(1):9-15
references: 21081143
references: Trends Neurosci. 2011 Dec;34(12):611-8
references: 22018805
references: J Clin Neurophysiol. 2006 Aug;23(4):306-11
references: 16885705