title: Metabolic engineering for the production of polyunsaturated fatty acids by oleaginous fungus Mortierella alpina 1S-4.
abstract: Researches related with the application of functional lipids such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been conducted in various fields with a view to health and dietary requirements. Novel rich sources other than known natural sources such as plant seeds and fish oils are required for increasing demands of PUFAs. The filamentous fungus Mortierella alpina 1S-4 produces triacylglycerols rich in arachidonic acid, i.e., ones reaching 20 g/l in concentration and containing 30-70% arachidonic acid as total fatty acids. Various mutants derived from M. alpina 1S-4 have led to the production of oils containing various PUFAs. Molecular breeding of M. alpina strains by means of manipulation of the genes involved in PUFA biosynthesis facilitates improvement of PUFA productivity and elucidation of the functions of their enzymes. This review describes practical PUFA production through mutant breeding, functional analyses of the genes of the enzymes involved in PUFA biosynthesis, and recent advances in unique PUFA production through molecular breeding.
authors: Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan. esakura@kais.kyoto-u.ac.jp
authors: Eiji
authors: E
authors: Sakuradani
authors: Akinori
authors: A
authors: Ando
authors: Sakayu
authors: S
authors: Shimizu
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Ogawa
mesh_terms: D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000096:biosynthesis; D053898:Biosynthetic Pathways / Q000235:genetics; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D044943:Fatty Acid Desaturases / Q000378:metabolism; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D060847:Metabolic Engineering; D020094:Mortierella / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D014170:Transformation, Genetic; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D014280:Triglycerides; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid; D044943:Fatty Acid Desaturases
keywords: Arachidonic acid (AA); Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA); Fatty acid desaturase; Molecular breeding; Mortierella alpina; Polyunsaturated fatty acid