title: Telmisartan ameliorates germ cell toxicity in the STZ-induced diabetic rat: studies on possible molecular mechanisms.
abstract: Testicular damage is a common clinical problem in diabetic individuals that severely affects the quality of life. The present study investigates the possible protective mechanisms of telmisartan, an angiotensin II-receptor antagonist in the germ cell of diabetic rat. Male SD rats were used and randomized into six groups: control, telmisartan control, diabetic control and diabetic group treated with telmisartan at the doses of 3, 6 and 12mg/kg/day, per oral for 4 weeks. Diabetes was induced by injecting a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ), (55mg/kg) dissolved in ice-cold 10mM citrate buffer; pH 4.4 and administered i.p. immediately after preparation to the SD rats. At the end of the study, rats were sacrificed and the levels of nitrite, superoxide, malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (reduced and peroxidase) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured. Germ cell toxicity was evaluated by using sperm count, sperm comet assay, histology of testes and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Further to confirm the oxidative and nitrosative damage, immunohistological quantification of 8-oxo-dG (8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine) and 3-nitrotyrosine were evaluated respectively. Results showed that telmisartan significantly restored the levels of nitrite, superoxide, malondialdehyde, and glutathione and superoxide dismutase in diabetic testes. Further, telmisartan significantly increased the sperm counts, reduced apoptotic cell death, sperm DNA damage, oxidative and nitrosative damage in diabetic rat. Western blot analysis showed that telmisartan reduced the testicular inflammation and cell death by down-regulating the expression of NF-κB, IL-6, TNF-α, p-ERK1/2, iNOS, caspase-3 and increasing the PPAR-γ expression. Results clearly indicate that telmisartan significantly reduced the both oxidative and nitrosative stress, inflammation and cell death in diabetic testes. The present results confirmed that telmisartan exhibited beneficial role in the germ cell of diabetic rat.
authors: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Punjab, India. sapna.pharm@gmail.com
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Kushwaha
authors: G B
authors: GB
authors: Jena
mesh_terms: D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001565:Benzoates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects*; D003849:Deoxyguanosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005854:Germ Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013076:Sperm Count; D000077333:Telmisartan; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; D001562:Benzimidazoles; D001565:Benzoates; D015415:Biomarkers; C002744:3-nitrotyrosine; D014443:Tyrosine; D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D003849:Deoxyguanosine; D000077333:Telmisartan
keywords: 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine; 8-oxo-dG; ARBs; AT1; Apoptosis; DNA damage, Diabetes; Germ cell; IL-6; Inflammation; NF-κB; PPAR-γ; STZ; TNF-α; Telmi; Telmisartan; Testes; angiotensin II receptor type 1; angiotensin receptor blocker; iNOS; inducible nitric oxide; interleukin 6; nuclear factor kappa B; pERK; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma; phosphorylated extracellular-signal-regulated kinases; streptozotocin; telmisartan; tumor necrosis factor alpha