title: Spatial variation in the risk of hospitalization with childhood pneumonia and empyema in the North of England.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate spatial variation in risk of hospitalization in childhood pneumonia and empyema in the North of England and associated risk factors. Data on childhood (0-14 years) hospital admissions with a diagnosis pneumonia or empyema were linked to postcode districts. Bayesian conditional autoregressive models were used to evaluate spatial variation and the relevance of specific spatial covariates in an area-based study using postcode as the areal unit. There was a sixfold variation in the risk of hospitalization due to pneumonia across the study region. Variation in risk was associated with material deprivation, Child Well-being Index (CWI) health domain score, number of children requiring local authority support, and distance to hospital. No significant spatial variation in risk for empyema was found.
authors: Biological, Clinical and Environmental Systems modeling group, School of Biology, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.
authors: A P
authors: AP
authors: Blain
authors: Biological, Clinical and Environmental Systems modeling group, School of Biology, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.
authors: M F
authors: MF
authors: Thomas
authors: Biological, Clinical and Environmental Systems modeling group, School of Biology, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.
authors: M D F
authors: MD
authors: Shirley
authors: Department of Respiratory Paediatrics, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Simmister
authors: Department of Paediatric Infectious Disease and Immunology, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.
authors: M A
authors: MA
authors: Elemraid
authors: Regional Epidemiology Unit, Health Protection Agency North East, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Gorton
authors: Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.
authors: M S
authors: MS
authors: Pearce
authors: Department of Paediatric Infectious Disease and Immunology, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.
authors: J E
authors: JE
authors: Clark
authors: Biological, Clinical and Environmental Systems modeling group, School of Biology, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.
authors: S P
authors: SP
authors: Rushton
authors: Department of Respiratory Paediatrics, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.
authors: D A
authors: DA
authors: Spencer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016724:Empyema, Pleural / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D011203:Poverty / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012307:Risk Factors; D062206:Spatial Analysis
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