title: Kinetics and equilibrium models for the sorption of tributyltin to nZnO, activated carbon and nZnO/activated carbon composite in artificial seawater.
abstract: The removal of tributyltin (TBT) from artificial seawater using nZnO, activated carbon and nZnO/activated carbon composite was systematically studied. The equilibrium and kinetics of adsorption were investigated in a batch adsorption system. Equilibrium adsorption data were analyzed using Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) isotherm models. Pseudo first- and second-order, Elovich, fractional power and intraparticle diffusion models were applied to test the kinetic data. Thermodynamic parameters such as ΔG°, ΔS° and ΔH° were also calculated to understand the mechanisms of adsorption. Optimal conditions for the adsorption of TBT from artificial seawater were then applied to TBT removal from natural seawater. A higher removal efficiency of TBT (>99%) was obtained for the nZnO/activated carbon composite material and for activated carbon but not for nZnO.
authors: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 1906, Bellville, South Africa. osayanda@gmail.com
authors: Olushola S
authors: OS
authors: Ayanda
authors: Olalekan S
authors: OS
authors: Fatoki
authors: Folahan A
authors: FA
authors: Adekola
authors: Bhekumusa J
authors: BJ
authors: Ximba
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D002606:Charcoal / Q000737:chemistry*; D007700:Kinetics; D008956:Models, Chemical; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry*; D013816:Thermodynamics; D014220:Trialkyltin Compounds / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D014220:Trialkyltin Compounds; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002606:Charcoal; C011559:tributyltin; D015034:Zinc Oxide