title: Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1.
abstract: Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is an autosomal-dominant tumor syndrome characterized by the occurrence of tumors in multiple endocrine tissues and nonendocrine tissues. The three main endocrine tissues most frequently affected by tumors are parathyroid (95%), enteropancreatic neuroendocrine (50%) and anterior pituitary (40%). Tumors are caused by a heterozygous germline-inactivating mutation in the MEN1 gene (1st hit) followed by somatic inactivating mutation or loss of the normal copy of the gene (2nd hit), leading to complete loss of function of the encoded protein menin. Most of the disease features and tumors are recapitulated in mouse models with heterozygous germline loss of the Men1 gene. Also, tissue-specific tumors are observed in mouse models with homozygous somatic loss of the Men1 gene specifically in MEN1-associated endocrine tissues. Hence, mouse models could serve as possible surrogates for studying MEN1 and related states. To gain insights into MEN1 pathophysiology, menin-interacting partners and pathways have been identified to investigate its tumor suppressor and other functions. Also, the 3D crystal structure of menin has been deciphered which could be useful to reveal the relevance of MEN1 gene mutations and menin's interactions. This chapter covers clinical, genetic and basic findings about the MEN1 syndrome, MEN1 gene and its product protein menin.
authors: Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. SunitaA @ mail.nih.gov
authors: Sunita K
authors: SK
authors: Agarwal
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000235:genetics; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D018095:Germ-Line Mutation; D011495:Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase; D006801:Humans; D019656:Loss of Heterozygosity; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D018761:Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D051788:Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D010282:Parathyroid Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C559371:JunD protein, human; C497422:KMT2A protein, human; C105373:MEN1 protein, human; C484898:Men1 protein, mouse; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun; D051788:Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein; D011495:Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase
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