title: Role of nuclear factor kappa-B in phenytoin-induced gingival overgrowth.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigates the expression of transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and its relation to various cellular mediators that act in the pathogenesis of phenytoin-induced gingival overgrowth.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen epileptic patients had phenytoin-induced gingival overgrowth (PHT-GO), 20 patients with plaque-induced gingivitis (Gingivitis), and 20 periodontally and systemically healthy individuals (Control) were included in this study. The expression of activated NF-κB subunits (p50 and p65), IL-1β, TNF-α and TGFβ-1 levels were examined in the gingival sections obtained from each participant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results demonstrated a significantly higher expression of p65 in fibroblasts in PHT-GO group with respect to Gingivitis (P < 0.05) and control groups (P < 0.01). However, we found no statistically significant differences between PHT-GO and Gingivitis groups according to the immunohistochemical staining in macrophages (P > 0.05). Immune-reactive TGFβ-1 levels in the gingival connective tissue cells were statistically higher in PHT-GO group with respect to Gingivitis group(P < 0.05). Statistically significant correlations were found between the HI and activated TGFβ-1 and p65 levels in PHT-GO group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study showed that NF-κB is activated in PHT-related gingival overgrowth. This study may provide a basis for future research into specific NF-κB inhibition for preventing of the side effects of this drug.
authors: Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Arabaci
authors: O
authors: O
authors: Köse
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Kizildağ
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Albayrak
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Ciçek
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Kara
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D019214:Gingival Overgrowth / Q000139:chemically induced*; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000139:chemically induced*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D010672:Phenytoin / Q000009:adverse effects*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010672:Phenytoin
keywords: gingival overgrowth; growth factors; nuclear factor kappa-B; phenytoin