title: Arabidopsis redox status in response to caterpillar herbivory.
abstract: Plant responses to insect herbivory are regulated through complex, hormone-mediated interactions. Some caterpillar species have evolved strategies to manipulate this system by inducing specific pathways that suppress plant defense responses. Effectors in the labial saliva (LS) secretions of Spodoptera exigua caterpillars are believed to induce the salicylic acid (SA) pathway to interfere with the jasmonic acid (JA) defense pathway; however, the mechanism underlying this subversion is unknown. Since noctuid caterpillar LS contains enzymes that may affect cellular redox balance, this study investigated rapid changes in cellular redox metabolites within 45 min after herbivory. Caterpillar LS is involved in suppressing the increase in oxidative stress that was observed in plants fed upon by caterpillars with impaired LS secretions. To further understand the link between cellular redox balance and plant defense responses, marker genes of SA, JA and ethylene (ET) pathways were compared in wildtype, the glutathione-compromised pad2-1 mutant and the tga2/5/6 triple mutant plants. AtPR1 and AtPDF1.2 showed LS-dependent expression that was alleviated in the pad2-1 and tga2/5/6 triple mutants. In comparison, the ET-dependent genes ERF1 expression showed LS-associated changes in both wildtype and pad2-1 mutant plants and the ORA 59 marker AtHEL had increased expression in response to herbivory, but a LS-dependent difference was not noted. These data support the model that there are SA/NPR1-, glutathione-dependent and ET-, glutathione-independent mechanisms leading to LS-associated suppression of plant induced defenses.
authors: Department of Plant Science, McGill University Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada.
authors: Jamuna
authors: J
authors: Paudel
authors: Tanya
authors: T
authors: Copley
authors: Alexandre
authors: A
authors: Amirizian
authors: Alberto
authors: A
authors: Prado
authors: Jacqueline C
authors: JC
authors: Bede
keywords: Arabidopsis thaliana; Spodoptera exigua; caterpillar herbivory; cross-talk; induced defenses; signaling pathways
references: Annu Rev Phytopathol. 2011;49:317-43
references: 21663438
references: J Exp Bot. 2008;59(9):2437-48
references: 18487634
references: J Exp Bot. 2006;57(8):1795-807
references: 16698814
references: Plant Physiol. 2009 Apr;149(4):1797-809
references: 19176718
references: Free Radic Res. 2007 Nov;41(11):1201-11
references: 17886026
references: Plant Physiol. 2011 Dec;157(4):2000-12
references: 22007023
references: J Exp Bot. 2008;59(2):135-46
references: 18332224
references: Cell. 2009 May 29;137(5):860-72
references: 19490895
references: Plant Cell. 2008 Mar;20(3):768-85
references: 18334669
references: Anal Biochem. 2007 Apr 1;363(1):58-69
references: 17288982
references: J Gen Virol. 2008 Sep;89(Pt 9):2339-2348
references: 18753244
references: Plant Physiol. 1997 Aug;114(4):1443-1451
references: 12223782
references: Plant Cell. 2007 Jul;19(7):2225-45
references: 17616737
references: Plant Cell. 2001 Jul;13(7):1499-510
references: 11449047
references: J Proteome Res. 2010 Nov 5;9(11):5887-95
references: 20857983
references: Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 2007 Nov;20(11):1406-20
references: 17977152
references: Cell. 2003 Jun 27;113(7):935-44
references: 12837250
references: Plant Physiol. 2008 Mar;146(3):859-66
references: 18316641
references: Plant Physiol. 2008 Jul;147(3):1347-57
references: 18467450
references: BMC Plant Biol. 2004 Aug 18;4:14
references: 15317655
references: Planta. 2010 Nov;232(6):1423-32
references: 20839007
references: Plant Cell. 1998 Dec;10(12):2103-13
references: 9836748
references: Plant J. 2007 Jan;49(1):159-72
references: 17144898
references: Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2005 Oct;8(5):532-40
references: 16039901
references: Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2008 Apr;8(2):153-9
references: 18243791
references: Plant J. 2010 Jan;61(2):200-10
references: 19832945
references: Mol Plant. 2009 Mar;2(2):357-67
references: 19825620
references: Plant Cell. 2009 Apr;21(4):1031-3
references: 19395682
references: Plant Mol Biol. 2011 Mar;75(4-5):321-31
references: 21246258
references: Plant Cell. 2004 Sep;16(9):2448-62
references: 15308753
references: Plant J. 2008 Sep;55(5):774-86
references: 18466300
references: Annu Rev Phytopathol. 2005;43:205-27
references: 16078883
references: J Exp Bot. 2007;58(10):2537-52
references: 17545220
references: Plant Cell. 2003 Jan;15(1):165-78
references: 12509529
references: Mol Plant. 2012 Jul;5(4):831-40
references: 22207719
references: Cell Host Microbe. 2008 Jun 12;3(6):348-51
references: 18541211
references: Biochemistry. 2010 Feb 9;49(5):835-42
references: 20050630
references: Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 1993 Nov-Dec;6(6):680-5
references: 8118053
references: Plant Physiol. 1995 Aug;108(4):1741-1746
references: 12228577
references: Nat Protoc. 2006;1(6):3159-65
references: 17406579
references: Plant Physiol. 2006 Mar;140(3):1022-35
references: 16443697
references: Plant Physiol. 2009 Jul;150(3):1576-86
references: 19458114
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 May 25;96(11):6523-8
references: 10339621
references: Plant Physiol. 2006 Mar;140(3):1126-36
references: 16461381
references: Plant Cell. 2004 Jul;16(7):1938-50
references: 15208388
references: Plant Cell. 2003 Nov;15(11):2647-53
references: 14576289
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Sep 12;92(19):8675-9
references: 7567995
references: Plant Physiol. 2010 Jul;153(3):1144-60
references: 20488891
references: Plant Physiol. 1997 Sep;115(1):137-49
references: 9306697
references: Plant Physiol. 2008 Jul;147(3):1358-68
references: 18539774
references: Plant J. 2001 May;26(4):395-407
references: 11439127
references: Nature. 2002 Apr 11;416(6881):599-600
references: 11948341
references: Phytochemistry. 2006 Nov;67(22):2450-62
references: 17049571
references: J Exp Bot. 2012 May;63(8):3219-27
references: 22371078
references: Plant Cell. 2010 Aug;22(8):2894-907
references: 20716698
references: Plant Physiol. 2011 Aug;156(4):1797-807
references: 21693672
references: Plant Physiol. 2008 Mar;146(3):839-44
references: 18316638
references: Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2000 Aug;3(4):309-14
references: 10873851
references: Plant Physiol. 2008 Apr;146(4):1459-68
references: 18390489
references: Plant Cell. 2003 Sep;15(9):2181-91
references: 12953119
references: Plant Cell. 2013 Feb;25(2):744-61
references: 23435661
references: Plant Mol Biol. 2006 Mar;60(4):519-31
references: 16525889
references: Plant Cell Environ. 2012 Feb;35(2):454-84
references: 21777251
references: Front Plant Sci. 2011 Sep 26;2:47
references: 22645537
references: Plant Cell. 2007 Jul;19(7):2186-96
references: 17630275
references: J Chem Ecol. 2010 Aug;36(8):885-97
references: 20632075
references: Int J Mol Sci. 2011;12(6):3723-39
references: 21747702
references: Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 2008 Feb;21(2):208-18
references: 18184065
references: Plant J. 2007 Apr;50(1):128-39
references: 17397508
references: Plant Cell. 2004 Nov;16(11):3132-47
references: 15494554
references: Anal Biochem. 1980 Jul 15;106(1):207-12
references: 7416462
references: Science. 2008 Aug 15;321(5891):952-6
references: 18635760
references: Plant Physiol. 2000 Nov;124(3):1007-18
references: 11080278
references: Plant J. 2007 Nov;52(4):700-15
references: 17850230
references: J Exp Bot. 2011 Aug;62(13):4605-16
references: 21622839
references: Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2005 Aug;8(4):378-82
references: 15922650
references: Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2011 Aug;14(4):422-8
references: 21684190
references: Nat Chem Biol. 2009 May;5(5):344-50
references: 19349968
references: Plant Cell. 2003 Mar;15(3):760-70
references: 12615947
references: Plant Physiol. 2006 Jan;140(1):249-62
references: 16377744
references: Plant Signal Behav. 2010 Oct;5(10):1305-7
references: 20930539