title: Optical inhibition of motor nerve and muscle activity in vivo.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is no therapeutic approach that provides precise and rapidly reversible inhibition of motor nerve and muscle activity for treatment of spastic hypertonia.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used optogenetics to demonstrate precise and rapidly reversible light-mediated inhibition of motor nerve and muscle activity in vivo in transgenic Thy1::eNpHR2.0 mice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found optical inhibition of motor nerve and muscle activity to be effective at all muscle force amplitudes and determined that muscle activity can be modulated by changing light pulse duration and light power density.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This demonstration of optical inhibition of motor nerves is an important advancement toward novel optogenetics-based therapies for spastic hypertonia.
authors: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
authors: Holly
authors: H
authors: Liske
authors: Chris
authors: C
authors: Towne
authors: Polina
authors: P
authors: Anikeeva
authors: Shengli
authors: S
authors: Zhao
authors: Guoping
authors: G
authors: Feng
authors: Karl
authors: K
authors: Deisseroth
authors: Scott
authors: S
authors: Delp
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004576:Electromyography; D025602:Halorhodopsins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D009128:Muscle Spasticity / Q000628:therapy; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D009433:Neural Inhibition; D062308:Optogenetics / Q000379:methods*; D012584:Sciatic Nerve / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D025602:Halorhodopsins
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