title: Estimation of sex from the lower limb measurements of Sudanese adults.
abstract: The sex estimation from mutilated and amputated limbs or body parts is one of the most vital steps in person identification in medical-legal autopsies. Sex estimation from lower limb anthropometric measurements has demonstrated a high degree of expected accuracy in a limited range of the global population. The aims of this study were to assess the degree of the sexual dimorphism in lower limb measurements and the accuracy of utilization of these measurements for estimation of sex in a contemporary adult Sudanese population. The tibial length, bimalleolar breadth, foot length, and foot breadth of 240 right-handed Sudanese Arab subjects (120 males and 120 females) aged between 25 and 30 years were measured following international anthropometric standards. Demarking points, sexual dimorphism indices and discriminant functions were developed from 200 subjects (100 males and 100 females) who comprised the study group. All variables were sexually dimorphic. The bimalleolar breadth and foot breadth significantly contributed to sex estimation. Leg dimensions showed a higher accuracy for sex estimation than foot dimensions. Cross-validated sex classification accuracy ranged between 78% and 89.5%. The reliability of these standards was assessed in a test sample of 20 males and 20 females, and the results showed accuracy between 75% and 90%. This study provides new forensic standards for sex estimation from lower limb measurements of Sudanese adults.
authors: Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, PO Box 102, Khartoum, Sudan. drahmedal@gmail.com
authors: Altayeb Abdalla
authors: AA
authors: Ahmed
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000842:Ankle / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D005260:Female; D005528:Foot / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D018732:Forensic Anthropology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D054881:Sex Determination by Skeleton / Q000379:methods*; D013397:Sudan; D013977:Tibia / Q000033:anatomy & histology*