title: The role of obsessive-compulsive symptoms in the psychopathological profile of children with chronic tic disorder and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study examines the role of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) as a part of the psychopathology of children with chronic tic disorders (CTD) and/or attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed the psychopathology of four large patient groups without further psychiatric disorders: CTD (n = 112), CTD + ADHD (n = 82), ADHD (n = 129), and controls (n = 144)) by implementing the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). We compared the main effects for CTD and ADHD with and without including OCS as covariates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Including OCS led to substantially different main effects for CTD on seven out of eight CBCL subscales. Slightly different main effects for ADHD were determined with respect to ADHD, mainly on the subscale withdrawn.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  OCS are closely related to CTD-associated psychopathology and - to a lesser extent, but nevertheless of importance in daily clinical practice - on ADHD-related symptoms. This information can be helpful in implementing more precise diagnostics and treatment in daily routine care.
authors: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Technical University Dresden, Germany. veit.roessner@uniklinikum-dresden.de
authors: Veit
authors: V
authors: Roessner
authors: Judith
authors: J
authors: Buse
authors: Finnja
authors: F
authors: Schultze
authors: Aribert
authors: A
authors: Rothenberger
authors: Andreas
authors: A
authors: Becker
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015897:Comorbidity; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology*; D010552:Personality Assessment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011594:Psychometrics; D011599:Psychopathology; D012016:Reference Values; D013981:Tic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology*; D005879:Tourette Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology