title: Ellagic acid & gallic acid from Lagerstroemia speciosa L. inhibit HIV-1 infection through inhibition of HIV-1 protease & reverse transcriptase activity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Banaba (Lagerstroemia speciosa L.) extracts have been used as traditional medicines and are effective in controlling diabetes and obesity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-HIV property of the extracts prepared from the leaves and stems of banaba, and further purification and characterization of the active components.
  
  
  METHODS
  Aqueous and 50 per cent ethanolic extracts were prepared from leaves and stems of banaba and were evaluated for cytotoxicity and anti-HIV activity using in vitro reporter gene based assays. Further, three compounds were isolated from the 50 per cent ethanolic extract of banaba leaves using silica gel column chromatography and characterization done by HPLC, NMR and MS analysis. To delineate the mode of action of the active compounds, reverse transcriptase assay and protease assay were performed using commercially available kits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All the extracts showed a dose dependent inhibition of HIV-1-infection in TZM-bl and CEM-GFP cell lines with a maximum from the 50 per cent ethanolic extract from leaves (IC 50 = 1 to 25 μg/ml). This observation was confirmed by the virus load (p24) estimation in infected CEM-GFP cells when treated with the extracts. Gallic acid showed an inhibition in reverse transcriptase whereas ellagic acid inhibited the HIV-1 protease activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study shows a novel anti-HIV activity of banaba. The active components responsible for anti-HIV activity were gallic acid and ellagic acid, through inhibition of reverse transcriptase and HIV protease, respectively and hence could be regarded as promising candidates for the development of topical anti-HIV-1 agents.
authors: Reproductive Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India.
authors: Manoj
authors: M
authors: Modi
authors: Tanvi
authors: T
authors: Goel
authors: Tiyasa
authors: T
authors: Das
authors: Shweta
authors: S
authors: Malik
authors: Samiksha
authors: S
authors: Suri
authors: Ajay Kumar Singh
authors: AK
authors: Rawat
authors: Sharad Kumar
authors: SK
authors: Srivastava
authors: Rakesh
authors: R
authors: Tuli
authors: Swadesh
authors: S
authors: Malhotra
authors: Satish Kumar
authors: SK
authors: Gupta
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D004610:Ellagic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005707:Gallic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D016333:HIV Protease / Q000378:metabolism; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D006801:Humans; D031563:Lagerstroemia / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D010936:Plant Extracts; D004610:Ellagic Acid; D005707:Gallic Acid; C514824:reverse transcriptase, Human immunodeficiency virus 1; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase; D016333:HIV Protease; C514803:p16 protease, Human immunodeficiency virus 1
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