title: Differential effects of undernourishment on the differentiation and maturation of rat enteric neurons.
abstract: The colocalization, number, and size of various classes of enteric neurons immunoreactive (IR) for the purinergic P2X2 and P2X7 receptors (P2X2R, P2X7R) were analyzed in the myenteric and submucosal plexuses of control, undernourished, and re-fed rats. Pregnant rats were exposed to undernourishment (protein-deprivation) or fed a control diet, and their offspring comprised the following experimental groups: rats exposed to a normal diet throughout gestation until postnatal day (P)42, rats protein-deprived throughout gestation and until P42, and rats protein-deprived throughout gestation until P21 and then given a normal diet until P42. Immunohistochemistry was performed on the myenteric and submucosal plexuses to evaluate immunoreactivity for P2X2R, P2X7R, nitric oxide synthase (NOS), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), calbindin, and calretinin. Double-immunohistochemistry of the myenteric and submucosal plexuses demonstrated that 100% of NOS-IR, calbindin-IR, calretinin-IR, and ChAT-IR neurons in all groups also expressed P2X2R and P2X7R. Neuronal density increased in the myenteric and submucosal plexuses of undernourished rats compared with controls. The average size (profile area) of some types of neurons in the myenteric and submucosal plexuses was smaller in the undernourished than in the control animals. These changes appeared to be reversible, as animals initially undernourished but then fed a normal diet at P21 (re-feeding) were similar to controls. Thus, P2X2R and P2X7R are present in NOS-positive inhibitory neurons, calbindin- and calretinin-positive intrinsic primary afferent neurons, cholinergic secretomotor neurons, and vasomotor neurons in rats. Alterations in these neurons during undernourishment are reversible following re-feeding.
authors: Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2415 Cidade Universitária, 05508-000, São Paulo, CEP, Brazil.
authors: Priscila Azevedo
authors: PA
authors: Girotti
authors: Rúbia
authors: R
authors: Misawa
authors: Kelly
authors: K
authors: Palombit
authors: Cristina Eusébio
authors: CE
authors: Mendes
authors: Jackson Cioni
authors: JC
authors: Bittencourt
authors: Patricia
authors: P
authors: Castelucci
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D064032:Calbindin 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D064026:Calbindins / Q000378:metabolism; D002795:Choline O-Acetyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D008643:Mesentery / Q000254:growth & development / Q000294:innervation / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D011488:Protein Deficiency / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D058476:Receptors, Purinergic P2X2 / Q000378:metabolism; D058486:Receptors, Purinergic P2X7 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C576512:Calb2 protein, rat; D064032:Calbindin 2; D064026:Calbindins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D058476:Receptors, Purinergic P2X2; D058486:Receptors, Purinergic P2X7; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D002795:Choline O-Acetyltransferase