title: Formulation and characterization of antibacterial fluoride-releasing sealants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to formulate and characterize experimental antibacterial fluoride-releasing sealants and compare them with commercial sealants for fluoride release, recharge, adhesion, and microleakage.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two experimental sealants (Exp-1, Exp-2) containing a synthesized antibacterial fluoride-releasing monomer and fluoride-releasing filler were formulated. Exp-2 also contained NovaMin nanoparticles. Commercial sealants Clinpro (CL) FluroShield (FS), and SeLECT Defense (E34) were also included. Fluoride release from disk samples in deionized water was measured daily using an ion-selective electrode for 14 days, and after recharging with Neutra-Foam (2.0% sodium fluoride), fluoride was measured for 5 days. Microtensile bonding strengths (MTBS) to enamel were tested after 24-hour storage in water at 37°C or thermocycling 5-55°C for 1,000 cycles. A microleakage test was conducted on extracted teeth using a dye-penetration method. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance with the Tukey's honestly significant difference test and Kruskal-Wallis test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exp-1 and Exp-2 had significantly higher fluoride release and recharge capabilities than CL and FL (P<.05). All tested sealants had similar MTBS before and after thermocycling. Exp-2 and Exp-1 had significantly lower microleakage scores (P<.05) than other groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The experimental sealants had higher fluoride release and recharge capabilities and similar or better retention than commercial sealants.
authors: Department of Comprehensive Dentistry and Biomaterials, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, La., USA.
authors: Yuwei
authors: Y
authors: Fan
authors: Janice
authors: J
authors: Townsend
authors: Yapin
authors: Y
authors: Wang
authors: Eun Chee
authors: EC
authors: Lee
authors: Katie
authors: K
authors: Evans
authors: Erica
authors: E
authors: Hender
authors: Joseph L
authors: JL
authors: Hagan
authors: Xiaoming
authors: X
authors: Xu
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003763:Dental Leakage / Q000145:classification; D004058:Diffusion; D005459:Fluorides / Q000737:chemistry*; D005898:Glass / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D017736:Ion-Selective Electrodes; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D010895:Pit and Fissure Sealants / Q000737:chemistry*; D011140:Polyurethanes / Q000737:chemistry; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000737:chemistry; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013696:Temperature; D013718:Tensile Strength; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002327:Cariostatic Agents; C500418:Clinpro Sealant; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003188:Composite Resins; C515951:Filtek Supreme Plus; D008689:Methacrylates; C510984:NovaMin; D010895:Pit and Fissure Sealants; D011140:Polyurethanes; D014867:Water; C086661:Fluoroshield; C029824:urethane dimethacrylate luting resin; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; C005044:hydroxyethyl methacrylate; D012969:Sodium Fluoride; D005459:Fluorides; C090921:1,6-hexanediol dimethacrylate
references: Biomacromolecules. 2007 May;8(5):1359-84
references: 17425365
references: J Am Dent Assoc. 2007 Mar;138(3):349-54; quiz 396-8
references: 17332040
references: Pediatr Dent. 1999 Nov-Dec;21(7):429-31
references: 10633516
references: J Dent Res. 1997 Mar;76(3):768-72
references: 9109826
references: ASDC J Dent Child. 1999 Mar-Apr;66(2):89-92, 84
references: 10431616
references: J Dent Res. 2008 Mar;87(3):228-32
references: 18296605
references: J Am Dent Assoc. 2008 Mar;139(3):271-8; quiz 357-8
references: 18310731
references: Dent Mater. 2003 Sep;19(6):449-57
references: 12837391
references: Quintessence Int. 2002 Feb;33(2):151-9
references: 11890029
references: J Am Dent Assoc. 2008 Mar;139(3):257-68
references: 18310730
references: J Dent. 2010 May;38(5):387-91
references: 20085796
references: Br Dent J. 1996 Feb 10;180(3):104-8
references: 8746143
references: Pediatr Dent. 1990 Feb;12(1):38-42
references: 2399181
references: Clin Prev Dent. 1990 Oct-Nov;12(4):24-7
references: 2088631
references: Dent Mater. 2006 Nov;22(11):1014-23
references: 16378636
references: J Biomed Mater Res. 1998 Mar 15;39(4):511-5
references: 9492208
references: Acta Odontol Scand. 2003 Dec;61(6):321-30
references: 14960003
references: J Can Dent Assoc. 2008 Mar;74(2):171-7
references: 18353204
references: J Dent Res. 1976 Sep-Oct;55(5):757-71
references: 184132
references: J Dent. 1996 Jul;24(4):275-80
references: 8783533
references: Pediatr Dent. 2010 Jan-Feb;32(1):9-13
references: 20298647
references: Caries Res. 1992;26(4):315-8
references: 1423449
references: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010 Mar 17;(3):CD003067
references: 20238319
references: J Am Dent Assoc. 1985 Jan;110(1):90
references: 3855926
references: J Oral Rehabil. 2004 Oct;31(10):979-84
references: 15387838
references: J Am Dent Assoc. 1978 Sep;97(3):455-62
references: 279600
references: J Am Dent Assoc. 1998 Jan;129(1):55-66
references: 9448347
references: J Oral Rehabil. 2003 Sep;30(9):866-72
references: 12950966
references: J Dent. 2009 Apr;37(4):307-14
references: 19168273
references: J Dent Res. 2009 Jan;88(1):83-8
references: 19131323
references: ACS Macro Lett. 2012 Dec 27;2(1):59-62
references: 23336090
references: J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2012 May;100(4):1151-62
references: 22447582
references: J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2005 Oct;75(1):122-7
references: 16032659
references: J Dent Res. 1994 Aug;73(8):1437-43
references: 8083440
references: Clin Oral Investig. 1997 Dec;1(4):199-202
references: 9555218
references: J Am Dent Assoc. 2011 Feb;142(2):184-93
references: 21282685