title: In-vitro archaeacidal activity of biocides against human-associated archaea.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several methanogenic archaea have been detected in the human intestinal microbiota. These intestinal archaea may contaminate medical devices such as colonoscopes. However, no biocide activity has been reported among these human-associated archaea.
  
  
  METHODS
  The minimal archaeacidal concentration (MAC) of peracetic acid, chlorhexidine, squalamine and twelve parent synthetic derivatives reported in this study was determined against five human-associated methanogenic archaea including Methanobrevibacter smithii, Methanobrevibacter oralis, Methanobrevibacter arboriphilicus, Methanosphaera stadtmanae, Methanomassiliicoccus luminyensis and two environmental methanogens Methanobacterium beijingense and Methanosaeta concilii by using a serial dilution technique in Hungates tubes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MAC of squalamine derivative S1 was 0.05 mg/L against M. smithii strains, M. oralis, M. arboriphilicus, M. concilii and M. beijingense whereas MAC of squalamine and derivatives S2-S12 varied from 0.5 to 5 mg/L. For M. stadtmanae and M. luminyensis, MAC of derivative S1 was 0.1 mg/L and varied from 1 to ≥ 10 mg/L for squalamine and its parent derivatives S2-S12. Under the same experimental conditions, chlorhexidine and peracetic acid lead to a MAC of 0.2 and 1.5 mg/L, respectively against all tested archaea.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Squalamine derivative S1 exhibited a 10-200 higher archaeacidal activity than other tested squalamine derivatives, on the majority of human-associated archaea. As previously reported and due to their week corrosivity and their wide spectrum of antibacterial and antifungal properties, squalamine and more precisely derivative S1 appear as promising compounds to be further tested for the decontamination of medical devices contaminated by human-associated archaea.
authors: Aix Marseille Université, URMITE, UMR63 CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, Marseille, France.
authors: Saber
authors: S
authors: Khelaifia
authors: Jean Michel
authors: JM
authors: Brunel
authors: Jean Brunel
authors: JB
authors: Michel
authors: Michel
authors: M
authors: Drancourt
mesh_terms: D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D002777:Cholestanols / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003470:Culture Media; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D017013:Methanobacteriaceae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010463:Peracetic Acid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D002777:Cholestanols; D003470:Culture Media; D004202:Disinfectants; C079655:squalamine; D010463:Peracetic Acid; D002710:Chlorhexidine
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