title: Bioengineered stem cells in neural development and neurodegeneration research.
abstract: The recent discovery of a simple method for making induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) from human somatic cells was a major scientific advancement that opened the way for many promising new developments in the study of developmental and degenerative diseases. iPSC have already been used to model many different types of neurological diseases, including autism, schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Because of their pluripotent property, iPSC offer the possibility of modeling human development in vitro. Their differentiation seems to follow the developmental timeline and obeys environmental cues. Clinically relevant phenotypes of neurodegenerative pathologies have also been observed using iPSC derived human neuronal cultures. Options for treatment are still some way off. Although some early research in mouse models has been encouraging, major obstacles remain for neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation therapy. However, iPSC now offer the prospect of an unlimited amount of human neurons or astrocytes for drug testing. The aim of this review is to summarize the recent progress in modeling neural development and neurological diseases using iPSC and to describe their applications for aging research and personalized medicine.
authors: University of California, San Diego, Department of Neurosciences, 9500 Gilman Dr. MC 0624, MTF Room 151, La Jolla, CA 92093-0624, USA. shyuan@ucsd.edu
authors: Shauna H
authors: SH
authors: Yuan
authors: Mason
authors: M
authors: Shaner
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D057005:Bioengineering; D054338:Cell Transdifferentiation; D006801:Humans; D058953:Neural Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D039904:Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation
keywords: Human disease model; Neural development; Neurodegeneration; Stem cells; Transplantation
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 May 10;108(19):7838-43
references: 21521790
references: Nature. 2010 May 13;465(7295):175-81
references: 20418860
references: Neurology. 2008 May 13;70(20):1916-25
references: 18474848
references: Nature. 2011 May 26;476(7359):220-3
references: 21617644
references: Nat Biotechnol. 2008 Nov;26(11):1276-84
references: 18931654
references: Nat Neurosci. 2007 May;10(5):608-14
references: 17435754
references: Nat Biotechnol. 2012 Dec;30(12):1244-8
references: 23159879
references: J Biomol Screen. 2013 Jun;18(5):522-33
references: 23364514
references: N Engl J Med. 2012 Aug 30;367(9):795-804
references: 22784036
references: J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2002 May;61(5):413-26
references: 12030260
references: Cell. 2004 May 28;117(5):663-76
references: 15163413
references: Cell Stem Cell. 2012 Apr 6;10(4):465-72
references: 22445517
references: Cell Stem Cell. 2012 Aug 3;11(2):264-78
references: 22748968
references: Stem Cells. 2011 Jun;29(6):992-1000
references: 21563275
references: Cell Stem Cell. 2011 Aug 5;9(2):113-8
references: 21802386
references: Cell Stem Cell. 2012 Jun 14;10(6):771-785
references: 22704518
references: Cell Stem Cell. 2010 May 7;6(5):407-11
references: 20452313
references: Nat Biotechnol. 2005 May;23(5):601-6
references: 15852001
references: Cell Stem Cell. 2007 Nov;1(5):568-77
references: 18371394
references: Acta Neuropathol. 1991;82(4):239-59
references: 1759558
references: J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2007 Oct;78(10):1158-9
references: 17442758
references: Lancet Neurol. 2011 Sep;10(9):785-96
references: 21802369
references: Cell. 2006 Aug 25;126(4):663-76
references: 16904174
references: Cell Stem Cell. 2008 Dec 4;3(6):649-57
references: 19041781
references: Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2007 May;8(5):369-78
references: 17377526
references: Curr Biol. 2008 Jun 24;18(12):890-4
references: 18501604
references: J Biomed Biotechnol. 2011;2011:350131
references: 22162635
references: Nature. 2011 Nov 06;480(7378):547-51
references: 22056989
references: Science. 2003 Oct 3;302(5642):113-7
references: 14526083
references: Cell Stem Cell. 2012 Aug 3;11(2):253-63
references: 22748967
references: Science. 2008 Aug 1;321(5889):699-702
references: 18276851
references: Sci Transl Med. 2012 Apr 4;4(128):128ra41
references: 22491951
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Oct;87(20):7988-92
references: 2172969
references: PLoS One. 2011;6(10):e25968
references: 21998733
references: PLoS One. 2011 Mar 02;6(3):e17540
references: 21407814
references: Nature. 2008 Sep 18;455(7211):351-7
references: 18716623
references: Cell Stem Cell. 2008 Dec 4;3(6):637-48
references: 19041780
references: NeuroRx. 2004 Oct;1(4):382-93
references: 15717042
references: Nature. 2012 Jan 25;482(7384):216-20
references: 22278060
references: Nature. 2010 Aug 26;466(7310):1069-75
references: 20740007
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Feb 14;109(7):2527-32
references: 22308465
references: Cell Stem Cell. 2008 Nov 6;3(5):519-32
references: 18983967
references: Cell Stem Cell. 2012 Apr 6;10(4):473-9
references: 22445518
references: Cell. 2008 Apr 18;133(2):250-64
references: 18423197
references: Cell. 2007 Nov 30;131(5):861-72
references: 18035408
references: Nature. 2008 Oct 2;455(7213):627-32
references: 18754011
references: Cell Stem Cell. 2012 Jul 6;11(1):100-9
references: 22683203
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Aug 11;106(32):13594-9
references: 19633196
references: Cell. 2008 Sep 5;134(5):877-86
references: 18691744
references: Cell. 2010 Nov 12;143(4):527-39
references: 21074045
references: Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2011 Nov 11;10(12):915-29
references: 22076509
references: Neurology. 1999 May 12;52(8):1555-62
references: 10331678
references: Nature. 2011 Apr 14;472(7342):221-5
references: 21346760
references: Nature. 2011 Nov 23;480(7378):543-6
references: 22113611
references: Nat Neurosci. 2008 Nov;11(11):1294-301
references: 18931666
references: Sci Transl Med. 2012 Mar 7;4(124):124ra29
references: 22344463
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Dec 20;102(51):18644-8
references: 16352714
references: Nature. 2010 Feb 25;463(7284):1035-41
references: 20107439
references: Cell. 2011 Aug 5;146(3):359-71
references: 21816272
references: Science. 2007 Dec 21;318(5858):1917-20
references: 18029452
references: Ann Neurol. 2001 Nov;50(5):661-5
references: 11706973
references: J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2012 Oct;60(4):408-16
references: 22240913