title: Mode of death on Chagas heart disease: comparison with other etiologies. a subanalysis of the REMADHE prospective trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sudden death has been considered the main cause of death in patients with Chagas heart disease. Nevertheless, this information comes from a period before the introduction of drugs that changed the natural history of heart failure. We sought to study the mode of death of patients with heart failure caused by Chagas heart disease, comparing with non-Chagas cardiomyopathy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We examined the REMADHE trial and grouped patients according to etiology (Chagas vs non-Chagas) and mode of death. The primary end-point was all-cause, heart failure and sudden death mortality; 342 patients were analyzed and 185 (54.1%) died. Death occurred in 56.4% Chagas patients and 53.7% non-Chagas patients. The cumulative incidence of all-cause mortality and heart failure mortality was significantly higher in Chagas patients compared to non-Chagas. There was no difference in the cumulative incidence of sudden death mortality between the two groups. In the Cox regression model, Chagas etiology (HR 2.76; CI 1.34-5.69; p = 0.006), LVEDD (left ventricular end diastolic diameter) (HR 1.07; CI 1.04-1.10; p<0.001), creatinine clearance (HR 0.98; CI 0.97-0.99; p = 0.006) and use of amiodarone (HR 3.05; CI 1.47-6.34; p = 0.003) were independently associated with heart failure mortality. LVEDD (HR 1.04; CI 1.01-1.07; p = 0.005) and use of beta-blocker (HR 0.52; CI 0.34-0.94; p = 0.014) were independently associated with sudden death mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In severe Chagas heart disease, progressive heart failure is the most important mode of death. These data challenge the current understanding of Chagas heart disease and may have implications in the selection of treatment choices, considering the mode of death.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00505050 (REMADHE).
authors: Heart Institute (InCor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. silvia.ayub@incor.usp.br
authors: Silvia M
authors: SM
authors: Ayub-Ferreira
authors: Sandrigo
authors: S
authors: Mangini
authors: Victor S
authors: VS
authors: Issa
authors: Fátima D
authors: FD
authors: Cruz
authors: Fernando
authors: F
authors: Bacal
authors: Guilherme V
authors: GV
authors: Guimarães
authors: Paulo R
authors: PR
authors: Chizzola
authors: Germano E
authors: GE
authors: Conceição-Souza
authors: Fabiana G
authors: FG
authors: Marcondes-Braga
authors: Edimar A
authors: EA
authors: Bocchi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002598:Chagas Cardiomyopathy / Q000401:mortality*; D016757:Death, Sudden, Cardiac; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
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