title: Standardised test protocol (Constant Score) for evaluation of functionality in patients with shoulder disorders.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Constant Score (CS), developed as a scoring system to evaluate overall functionality of patients with shoulder disorders, is widely used but has been criticised for relying on an imprecise terminology and for lack of a standardised methodology. A modified guideline was therefore published in 2008 with several new recommendations, but a standardised test protocol was not included. Also, this new version has not been translated into Danish. The aims of the present study were to develop a standardised English test protocol for the newly modified CS, and to translate and cross-culturally adapt this version into Danish.
  
  
  METHODS
  An English test protocol was developed and translated into Danish at two independent centres according to international recommendations. Consensus on a preliminary version was achieved. The subjective part was tested on six patients, while two physiotherapists gave feedback on the objective part. Relevant items were culturally adapted and rephrased, and a simple standardised test protocol was developed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only minor inconsistencies in the translations were found. A few questions and words had to be rephrased due to cultural and linguistic differences. One of the authors of the modified CS approved both the English and the Danish test protocol.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A simple test protocol of the modified CS was developed in both English and Danish. With precise terminology and definitions, the test protocol is the first of its kind. We suggest its use internationally for standardised assessment of the CS. Testing of validity, reliability and responsiveness of both versions needs to be done in future research.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  not relevant.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  not relevant.
authors: Ortopædkirurgisk Afdeling, Hvidovre Hospital, 2750 Hvidovre, Denmark. ilija.ban@gmail.com.
authors: Ilija
authors: I
authors: Ban
authors: Anders
authors: A
authors: Troelsen
authors: David Høyrup
authors: DH
authors: Christiansen
authors: Susanne Wulff
authors: SW
authors: Svendsen
authors: Morten Tange
authors: MT
authors: Kristensen
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003718:Denmark; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D053580:Muscle Strength; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011594:Psychometrics; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012782:Shoulder / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020069:Shoulder Pain / Q000175:diagnosis; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D014177:Translations