title: Different propofol-remifentanil or sevoflurane-remifentanil bispectral index levels for electrocorticographic spike identification during epilepsy surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Medical therapy, the cornerstone of managing epilepsy, still fails a substantial portion of patients. Little information is available regarding the potential impact of different bispectral index (BIS) levels on electrocorticographic spike identification for surgical epileptic foci resection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two intractable epilepsy subjects were randomly allocated to the propofol-remifentanil or sevoflurane-remifentanil groups, and were further randomized to four BIS85 (BIS 71-85), BIS70 (BIS 56-70), BIS55 (BIS 41-55), and BIS40 (BIS ≤40) sequence order.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two-way ANOVA revealed no differences between groups in spike frequency (P = 0.720), spike amplitude (P = 0.647), or number of spiking leads (P = 0.653). In the propofol and sevoflurane groups, decreasing BIS levels increased mean ± SD spike/min frequency (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001) at BIS85 (10 ± 12 and 10 ± 8), BIS70 (19 ± 17 and 17 ± 15), BIS55 (22 ± 17 and 18 ± 8), and BIS40 (25 ± 15 and 23 ± 17). Furthermore, in the propofol and sevoflurane groups, decreasing BIS levels increased spike microvolt amplitude (P = 0.006 and P = 0.009) at BIS85 (1,100 ± 400 and 750 ± 400), BIS70 (1,200 ± 460 and 850 ± 490), BIS55 (1,300 ± 560 and 940 ± 700), and BIS40 (1,400 ± 570 and 1,300 ± 700). Whereas, in the propofol and sevoflurane groups, there was no difference in the location or number of spiking leads (P = 0.057 and P = 0.109) at the four BIS levels. Compared with BIS85, spike frequency in the propofol and sevoflurane groups increased 100 and 170% at BIS70, 116 and 180% at BIS55, and 132 and 230% at BIS40. Compared with BIS85, spike amplitude increased 108 and 113% at BIS70, 121 and 125% at BIS55, and 128 and 170% at BIS40.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Decreasing BIS levels in the propofol and sevoflurane groups enhanced epileptogenic spike frequency and amplitude with the same location and number of spiking leads.
authors: Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria. ashraf.dahaba@medunigraz.at
authors: Ashraf A
authors: AA
authors: Dahaba
authors: Jian
authors: J
authors: Yin
authors: Zhaoyang
authors: Z
authors: Xiao
authors: Jing
authors: J
authors: Su
authors: Helmar
authors: H
authors: Bornemann
authors: Hailong
authors: H
authors: Dong
authors: Lize
authors: L
authors: Xiong
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000777:Anesthetics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000187:drug effects*; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010880:Piperidines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000077208:Remifentanil; D000077149:Sevoflurane
chemical_list: D000777:Anesthetics; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D010880:Piperidines; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D000077208:Remifentanil; D015742:Propofol