title: Real-time interactive data mining for chemical imaging information: application to automated histopathology.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vibrational spectroscopic imaging is now used in several fields to acquire molecular information from microscopically heterogeneous systems. Recent advances have led to promising applications in tissue analysis for cancer research, where chemical information can be used to identify cell types and disease. However, recorded spectra are affected by the morphology of the tissue sample, making identification of chemical structures difficult.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Extracting features that can be used to classify tissue is a cumbersome manual process which limits this technology from wide applicability. In this paper, we describe a method for interactive data mining of spectral features using GPU-based manipulation of the spectral distribution.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This allows researchers to quickly identify chemical features corresponding to cell type. These features are then applied to tissue samples in order to visualize the chemical composition of the tissue without the use of chemical stains.
authors: Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Mayerich
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Walsh
authors: Matthew
authors: M
authors: Schulmerich
authors: Rohit
authors: R
authors: Bhargava
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D057225:Data Mining / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D010336:Pathology / Q000379:methods*; D013057:Spectrum Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman
references: Anal Chem. 2010 May 1;82(9):3474-86
references: 20392063
references: Nat Biotechnol. 2010 Apr;28(4):348-53
references: 20231818
references: IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph. 2010 Nov-Dec;16(6):1441-8
references: 20975185
references: Appl Spectrosc. 2006 Feb;60(2):109-14
references: 16542561
references: Annu Rev Phys Chem. 2005;56:429-74
references: 15796707
references: Anal Bioanal Chem. 2007 Oct;389(4):1155-69
references: 17786414
references: J Biophotonics. 2010 Aug;3(8-9):609-20
references: 20414907
references: Anal Chem. 2010 May 1;82(9):3487-99
references: 20392064
references: Anal Chem. 1995 Oct 1;67(19):3377-81
references: 8686889
references: IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph. 2008 Nov-Dec;14(6):1555-62
references: 18989010
references: Appl Spectrosc. 2013 May;67(5):546-52
references: 23643044
references: BMC Cancer. 2011 Feb 09;11:62
references: 21303560
references: Appl Spectrosc. 2009 Mar;63(3):286-95
references: 19281644
references: Anal Chem. 2012 Jan 17;84(2):1063-9
references: 22148458
references: Nat Biotechnol. 2005 Apr;23(4):469-74
references: 15793574
references: IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph. 2008 Nov-Dec;14(6):1380-7
references: 18988987
references: Analyst. 2010 Jul;135(7):1569-78
references: 20498913
references: Analyst. 2009 Aug;134(8):1586-93
references: 20448924
references: Anal Chem. 2010 Jul 1;82(13):5697-706
references: 20527738
references: J Biomed Opt. 2006 Nov-Dec;11(6):060502
references: 17212521
references: J Biophotonics. 2013 Jan;6(1):88-100
references: 23225612
references: Appl Spectrosc. 2012 Oct;66(10):1091-120
references: 23031693
references: Sci Transl Med. 2011 Nov 9;3(108):108ra113
references: 22072638