title: Single-shot measurements of the acoustic field of an electrohydraulic lithotripter using a hydrophone array.
abstract: Piezopolymer-based hydrophone arrays consisting of 20 elements were fabricated and tested for use in measuring the acoustic field from a shock-wave lithotripter. The arrays were fabricated from piezopolymer films and were mounted in a housing to allow submersion into water. The motivation was to use the array to determine how the shot-to-shot variability of the spark discharge in an electrohydraulic lithotripter affects the resulting focused acoustic field. It was found that the dominant effect of shot-to-shot variability was to laterally shift the location of the focus by up to 5 mm from the nominal acoustic axis of the lithotripter. The effect was more pronounced when the spark discharge was initiated with higher voltages. The lateral beamwidth of individual, instantaneous shock waves were observed to range from 1.5 mm to 24 mm. Due to the spatial variation of the acoustic field, the average of instantaneous beamwidths were observed to be 1 to 2 mm narrower than beamwidths determined from traditional single-point measurements that average the pressure measured at each location before computing beamwidth.
authors: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, 110 Cummington Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
authors: Mohammad A
authors: MA
authors: Alibakhshi
authors: Jonathan M
authors: JM
authors: Kracht
authors: Robin O
authors: RO
authors: Cleveland
authors: Erwan
authors: E
authors: Filoux
authors: Jeffrey A
authors: JA
authors: Ketterling
mesh_terms: D000162:Acoustics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D019220:High-Energy Shock Waves; D008096:Lithotripsy / Q000379:methods*; D011312:Pressure; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D013997:Time Factors; D014159:Transducers
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