title: Low levels of physical activity are associated with increased metabolic syndrome risk factors in korean adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Low levels of physical activity (PA) are strongly associated with the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and chronic diseases. However, few studies have examined this association in Koreans. The primary purpose of this study was to examine the associations between PA and MetS risks in Korean adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1,016 Korean adults (494 males and 522 females) participated in this study. PA levels were assessed using the International PA Questionnaire. MetS risk factors were determined using clinically established diagnostic criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the highest PA group, the group with the lowest level of PA was at greater risk of high triglyceride (TG) in males (odds ratio [OR], 1.87; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07 to 3.24) and of hemoglobin A1c ≥5.5% in females (OR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.00 to 3.04) after adjusting for age and body mass index. Compared with subjects who met the PA guidelines, those who did not meet the guidelines were more likely to have low high density lipoprotein cholesterol in both males (OR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.11 to 2.58), and females (OR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.20 to 2.77). Furthermore, those who did not meet the PA guidelines were at increased risk of high TG levels in males (OR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.23 to 2.86) and abnormal fasting glucose (OR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.17 to 3.20) and MetS (OR, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.15 to 3.84) in females.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased levels of PA are significantly associated with a decreased risk of abnormal MetS components.
authors: Department of Sport and Leisure Studies, Yonsei University College of Sciences in Education, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Dong Hoon
authors: DH
authors: Lee
authors: Yoon Myung
authors: YM
authors: Kim
authors: Yoonsuk
authors: Y
authors: Jekal
authors: Sukyung
authors: S
authors: Park
authors: Kyong-Chol
authors: KC
authors: Kim
authors: Masayo
authors: M
authors: Naruse
authors: Sun Hyun
authors: SH
authors: Kim
authors: Sang-Hwan
authors: SH
authors: Kim
authors: Ji-Hye
authors: JH
authors: Park
authors: Mi Kyung
authors: MK
authors: Lee
authors: Sang Hui
authors: SH
authors: Chu
authors: Justin Y
authors: JY
authors: Jeon
keywords: Hemoglobin A, glycosylated; International physical activity guestionnaire; Metabolic syndrome; Physical activity
references: Circulation. 2004 Sep 7;110(10):1245-50
references: 15326067
references: Diabetes Care. 2005 Jul;28(7):1769-78
references: 15983333
references: Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011 Jul;43(7):1334-59
references: 21694556
references: JAMA. 2001 Sep 12;286(10):1218-27
references: 11559268
references: Ann Epidemiol. 2009 Nov;19(11):784-92
references: 19825459
references: Am J Clin Nutr. 1994 Jul;60(1):23-8
references: 8017333
references: Public Health Nutr. 1998 Dec;1(4):265-71
references: 10933427
references: Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001 Jun;33(6 Suppl):S351-8
references: 11427759
references: BMC Public Health. 2009 Jul 31;9:273
references: 19643028
references: Br J Sports Med. 2003 Jun;37(3):197-206; discussion 206
references: 12782543
references: Diabetes Care. 2004 May;27(5):1187-93
references: 15111543
references: Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 Jan;71(1):44-53
references: 10617945
references: Circulation. 2005 Jul 26;112(4):505-12
references: 16009797
references: Diabet Med. 2004 Oct;21(10):1141-3
references: 15384963
references: Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Jul;80(1):217-24
references: 15213051
references: Int J Obes (Lond). 2006 Jul;30(7):1163-5
references: 16446744
references: Ann Intern Med. 1999 Jan 19;130(2):89-96
references: 10068380
references: Diabetes Care. 2005 May;28(5):1195-200
references: 15855588
references: N Engl J Med. 2007 Jan 18;356(3):213-5
references: 17229948
references: Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003 Aug;35(8):1381-95
references: 12900694
references: Obes Res. 2001 Jul;9(7):381-7
references: 11445659
references: Obes Rev. 2008 Mar;9 Suppl 1:113-8
references: 18307712
references: N Engl J Med. 2006 Aug 24;355(8):763-78
references: 16926275
references: Tohoku J Exp Med. 2011;223(4):269-76
references: 21441752
references: Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2007 Feb;32(1):76-88
references: 17332786
references: Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2005 Jan;67(1):70-7
references: 15620436
references: Obes Rev. 2005 May;6(2):117-21
references: 15836462
references: Diabetes Care. 2001 Jun;24(6):1008-13
references: 11375361
references: JAMA. 2001 May 16;285(19):2486-97
references: 11368702
references: Diabetes Care. 2004 May;27(5):1182-6
references: 15111542
references: Diabetes Care. 2002 Sep;25(9):1612-8
references: 12196436
references: Diabetes Care. 2011 Feb;34(2):353-7
references: 21216863
references: Clin Res Cardiol. 2006 Mar;95(3):136-47
references: 16598526
references: Int J Epidemiol. 2004 Apr;33(2):328-36
references: 15082635