title: Mesenchymal stromal cells in transplantation rejection and tolerance.
abstract: Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have recently emerged as promising candidates for cell-based immunotherapy in solid organ transplantation (SOT). In addition to immune modulation, MSCs possess proreparative properties and preclinical studies indicate that MSCs have the capacity to prolong graft survival and in some cases induce tolerance. Currently, the application of MSCs in SOT is being evaluated in phase I/II clinical trials. Whereas the mechanisms of action used by MSC immunomodulation have been somewhat elucidated in vitro, the data from preclinical transplant models have been unclear. Furthermore, the optimal timing, dose, and route of administration remain to be elucidated. Importantly, MSCs have the ability to sense their environment, which may influence their function. In this article, we discuss the impact of the local microenvironment on MSCs and the mechanisms of MSC immunomodulation in the setting of SOT.
authors: Cellular Immunology Group, Institute of Immunology, National University of Ireland Maynooth, County Kildare, Ireland. karen.english@nuim.ie
authors: Karen
authors: K
authors: English
authors: Kathryn J
authors: KJ
authors: Wood
mesh_terms: D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology*; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000276:immunology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D014181:Transplantation Immunology / Q000276:immunology*; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous / Q000276:immunology
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