title: Can concreteness training buffer against the negative effects of rumination on PTSD? An experimental analogue study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Trauma-related rumination has been found to be an important maintaining factor for PTSD. On the background of the processing mode account of ruminative thinking, this study tested whether the relationship between rumination and analogue PTSD symptoms can be modified by training participants in a concrete mode of processing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Healthy participants were trained in either an abstract or a concrete style of processing. Afterwards, they watched a stressful film. The interactive effect of training condition and trait rumination on intrusive memories of the film was examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Following abstract training, a positive relationship between trait rumination and intrusive memories of the film emerged. As hypothesized, this relationship disappeared following concrete training.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  include the lack of a no-training control group and the analogue paradigm used.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study provides preliminary evidence that the relationship between trait rumination and analogue PTSD symptoms can be modified. If replicated in future studies, it may be promising to examine the value of concreteness training for prevention and/or treatment of PTSD.
authors: Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Weesperplein 4, 1018 XA Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors: Anja
authors: A
authors: Schaich
authors: Edward R
authors: ER
authors: Watkins
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Ehring
mesh_terms: D000339:Affect / Q000502:physiology; D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005712:Galvanic Skin Response / Q000502:physiology; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology; D008606:Mental Processes / Q000502:physiology; D009040:Motion Pictures; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Abstract thinking; Concrete thinking; PTSD; Processing mode; Rumination; Trauma