title: A review of the combination of experimental measurements and fibril-reinforced modeling for investigation of articular cartilage and chondrocyte response to loading.
abstract: The function of articular cartilage depends on its structure and composition, sensitively impaired in disease (e.g. osteoarthritis, OA). Responses of chondrocytes to tissue loading are modulated by the structure. Altered cell responses as an effect of OA may regulate cartilage mechanotransduction and cell biosynthesis. To be able to evaluate cell responses and factors affecting the onset and progression of OA, local tissue and cell stresses and strains in cartilage need to be characterized. This is extremely challenging with the presently available experimental techniques and therefore computational modeling is required. Modern models of articular cartilage are inhomogeneous and anisotropic, and they include many aspects of the real tissue structure and composition. In this paper, we provide an overview of the computational applications that have been developed for modeling the mechanics of articular cartilage at the tissue and cellular level. We concentrate on the use of fibril-reinforced models of cartilage. Furthermore, we introduce practical considerations for modeling applications, including also experimental tests that can be combined with the modeling approach. At the end, we discuss the prospects for patient-specific models when aiming to use finite element modeling analysis and evaluation of articular cartilage function, cellular responses, failure points, OA progression, and rehabilitation.
authors: Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Kuopio University Hospital, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland. petro.julkunen@kuh.fi
authors: Petro
authors: P
authors: Julkunen
authors: Wouter
authors: W
authors: Wilson
authors: Hanna
authors: H
authors: Isaksson
authors: Jukka S
authors: JS
authors: Jurvelin
authors: Walter
authors: W
authors: Herzog
authors: Rami K
authors: RK
authors: Korhonen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016880:Anisotropy; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000502:physiology*; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D003094:Collagen / Q000502:physiology; D019295:Computational Biology; D003198:Computer Simulation; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D006801:Humans; D040542:Mechanotransduction, Cellular / Q000502:physiology; D008954:Models, Biological; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016474:Weight-Bearing / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D003094:Collagen
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