title: Novel erm(T)-carrying multiresistance plasmids from porcine and human isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST398 that also harbor cadmium and copper resistance determinants.
abstract: This study describes three novel erm(T)-carrying multiresistance plasmids that also harbor cadmium and copper resistance determinants. The plasmids, designated pUR1902, pUR2940, and pUR2941, were obtained from porcine and human methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) of the clonal lineage ST398. In addition to the macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLSB) resistance gene erm(T), all three plasmids also carry the tetracycline resistance gene tet(L). Furthermore, plasmid pUR2940 harbors the trimethoprim resistance gene dfrK and the MLSB resistance gene erm(C), while plasmids pUR1902 and pUR2941 possess the kanamycin/neomycin resistance gene aadD. Sequence analysis of approximately 18.1 kb of the erm(T)-flanking region from pUR1902, 20.0 kb from pUR2940, and 20.8 kb from pUR2941 revealed the presence of several copies of the recently described insertion sequence ISSau10, which is probably involved in the evolution of the respective plasmids. All plasmids carried a functional cadmium resistance operon with the genes cadD and cadX, in addition to the multicopper oxidase gene mco and the ATPase copper transport gene copA, which are involved in copper resistance. The comparative analysis of S. aureus RN4220 and the three S. aureus RN4220 transformants carrying plasmid pUR1902, pUR2940, or pUR2941 revealed an 8-fold increase in CdSO4 and a 2-fold increase in CuSO4 MICs. The emergence of multidrug resistance plasmids that also carry heavy metal resistance genes is alarming and requires further surveillance. The colocalization of antimicrobial resistance genes and genes that confer resistance to heavy metals may facilitate their persistence, coselection, and dissemination.
authors: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain.
authors: Elena
authors: E
authors: Gómez-Sanz
authors: Kristina
authors: K
authors: Kadlec
authors: Andrea T
authors: AT
authors: Feßler
authors: Myriam
authors: M
authors: Zarazaga
authors: Carmen
authors: C
authors: Torres
authors: Stefan
authors: S
authors: Schwarz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D001483:Base Sequence; D002104:Cadmium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003300:Copper / Q000494:pharmacology*; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007612:Kanamycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008780:Methyltransferases / Q000235:genetics; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000235:genetics; D010957:Plasmids / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013552:Swine; D013753:Tetracycline Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D013754:Tetracyclines / Q000494:pharmacology; D014296:Trimethoprim Resistance / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D013754:Tetracyclines; C120059:cadD protein, Staphylococcus aureus; D002104:Cadmium; D007612:Kanamycin; D003300:Copper; D010088:Oxidoreductases; C111078:ErmTR protein, bacteria; D008780:Methyltransferases
references: J Antimicrob Chemother. 2009 Dec;64(6):1156-64
references: 19808235
references: Appl Environ Microbiol. 2011 Oct;77(20):7151-7
references: 21724898
references: Clin Microbiol Infect. 2012 Aug;18(8):745-55
references: 22509728
references: Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2008 Apr;52(4):1567-9
references: 18285483
references: J Antimicrob Chemother. 2013 Feb;68(2):471-3
references: 23075692
references: J Bacteriol. 2009 Feb;191(4):1180-90
references: 19074389
references: Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2010 Oct;7(10):1269-77
references: 20677918
references: BMC Microbiol. 2007 Nov 06;7:99
references: 17986343
references: Rev Med Chir Soc Med Nat Iasi. 2012 Apr-Jun;116(2):617-23
references: 23077963
references: Emerg Infect Dis. 2010 Aug;16(8):1330
references: 20678343
references: J Antimicrob Chemother. 2012 Feb;67(2):330-4
references: 22127589
references: J Bacteriol. 2005 Nov;187(21):7292-308
references: 16237012
references: Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2001 Dec;45(12):3362-5
references: 11709309
references: Appl Environ Microbiol. 2011 May;77(9):3052-60
references: 21378035
references: J Antimicrob Chemother. 2011 Nov;66(11):2455-9
references: 21868413
references: J Antimicrob Chemother. 2010 Apr;65(4):619-25
references: 20164198
references: Cell Mol Life Sci. 2010 Sep;67(18):3057-71
references: 20668911
references: Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2011 Dec;1241:82-103
references: 22191528
references: J Bacteriol. 1996 Oct;178(20):6070-3
references: 8830710
references: Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis. 2013 Jan;36(1):83-94
references: 23153600
references: Appl Environ Microbiol. 2005 Sep;71(9):5650-3
references: 16151171
references: Appl Environ Microbiol. 2007 Jul;73(14):4407-16
references: 17496134
references: J Bacteriol. 2005 Apr;187(7):2426-38
references: 15774886
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Jun 29;101(26):9786-91
references: 15213324
references: Plasmid. 1994 Jan;31(1):60-71
references: 8171126
references: Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009 Aug;53(8):3589-91
references: 19470508
references: Emerg Infect Dis. 2012 Apr;18(4):700-2
references: 22469250
references: ScientificWorldJournal. 2012;2012:729430
references: 22489199
references: mBio. 2012 Feb 21;3(1):
references: 22354957
references: Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2010 Feb;54(2):915-8
references: 20008780
references: PLoS One. 2011;6(12):e28369
references: 22163008
references: J Med Microbiol. 2006 Jan;55(Pt 1):43-51
references: 16388029
references: Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009 Feb;53(2):776-8
references: 19015335
references: Mol Microbiol. 2003 Sep;49(6):1577-93
references: 12950922
references: J Antimicrob Chemother. 2009 Dec;64(6):1325-6
references: 19850566
references: Lancet. 2006 Mar 4;367(9512):731-9
references: 16517273
references: Appl Environ Microbiol. 2012 Dec;78(24):8845-8
references: 23042163
references: J Clin Microbiol. 2003 Apr;41(4):1574-85
references: 12682148
references: mBio. 2012 Feb 28;3(2):
references: 22375071
references: Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2010 Sep;54(9):3605-8
references: 20585119
references: Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2011 Jun;55(6):3046-50
references: 21422209
references: BMC Genomics. 2010 Feb 18;11:120
references: 20167121
references: Drug Resist Updat. 1998 Mar;1(1):49-58
references: 17092796