title: Chlorpyrifos-based insecticides induced genotoxic and cytotoxic effects in the ten spotted live-bearer fish, Cnesterodon decemmaculatus (Jenyns, 1842).
abstract: Mortality, genotoxicity, and cytotoxicity of the 48% chlorpyrifos (CPF)-based formulations Lorsban* 48E(®) and CPF Zamba(®) were evaluated on Cnesterodon decemmaculatus (Jenyns, 1842) (Pisces, Poeciliidae) under laboratory conditions. Induction of micronucleus (MN) and alterations in the erythrocyte/erythroblast frequencies were employed as end points for genotoxicity and cytotoxicity, respectively. For Lorsban* 48E(®) , mean values of 0.13 and 0.03 mg/L were determined for LC50 at 24 and 96 h, respectively, and these concentrations reached mean values of 0.40 and 0.21 mg/L for CPF Zamba(®) . Mortality values increased as a positive linear function of the CPF Zamba(®) concentrations, but not for Lorsban* 48E(®) concentrations. There was no significant relationship between mortality and exposure time within the 0-96 h period for both formulations. LC50 values indicated that the fish were seven fold more sensitive to Lorsban* 48E(®) than to CPF Zamba(®) . Lorsban* 48E(®) within the concentration range of 0.008-0.025 mg/L increased MN frequency at both 48 and 96 h of treatment. Similar results were also observed when fish were exposed to 0.052-0.155 mg/L of CPF Zamba(®) , regardless of the exposure time. Cellular cytotoxicity was found after Lorsban* 48E(®) and CPF Zamba(®) treatments for all concentrations and time exposures, estimated by a decrease in the frequency of mature erythrocytes and a concomitant enhanced frequency of erythroblasts in circulating blood. Furthermore, our results demonstrated that Lorsban* 48E(®) and CPF Zamba(®) should be considered as CPF-based commercial formulations with marked genotoxic and cytotoxic properties.
authors: Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 No. 3, B1904AMA La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
authors: Josefina
authors: J
authors: Vera-Candioti
authors: Sonia
authors: S
authors: Soloneski
authors: Marcelo L
authors: ML
authors: Larramendy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004390:Chlorpyrifos / Q000633:toxicity*; D003532:Cyprinodontiformes; D003603:Cytotoxins / Q000633:toxicity; D004249:DNA Damage; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D003603:Cytotoxins; D007306:Insecticides; D009153:Mutagens; D004390:Chlorpyrifos
keywords: Chlorpyrifos Zamba®; Lorsban* 48E®; Poeciliidae; erythrocyte:erythroblast frequency; micronucleus; mortality