title: Clinical and radiologic analysis of posterior apophyseal ring separation associated with lumbar disc herniation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We analyzed the clinical and radiologic features of posterior apophyseal ring separation (PARS) with lumbar disc herniation and suggest the proper management options according to the PARS characteristics.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed case series of patients with PARS who underwent surgery of lumbar disc herniation. Preoperative symptoms, neurologic status, Body Mass Index, preoperative and postoperative Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Korean-Oswestry Disability Index (K-ODI) scores, operation types were obtained. PARS size, locations, the degree of resection were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PARS was diagnosed in 109 (7.5%) patients among 1448 patients given surgical treatment for single level lumbar disc herniation. There were 55 (50.5%) small PARS and 54 (49.5%) large PARS. Among the large PARS group, 15 (27.8%) had lower endplate PARS of upper vertebra at the level of disc herniation. Thirty-nine (72.2%) were upper endplate PARS of lower vertebra. Among the group with upper endplate PARS of lower vertebra, unresected PARS was diagnosed in 12 (30.8%) cases and resected PARS was diagnosed in 27 (69.2%) cases. VAS and K-ODI scores changes were 3.6±2.9 and 5.4±6.4 in the unresected PARS group, 5.8±2.1 and 11.3±7.1 in the resected PARS group. The group with upper endplate PARS of lower vertebra showed significant difference of VAS (p=0.01) and K-ODI (p=0.013) score changes between unresected and resected PARS groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The large PARS of upper endplate in lower vertebra should be removed during the surgery of lumbar disc herniation. High level or bilateral side of PARS should be widely decompressed and arthrodesis procedures are necessary if there is a possibility of secondary instability.
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, Nanoori Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Jung-Sik
authors: JS
authors: Bae
authors: Woo-Tack
authors: WT
authors: Rhee
authors: Woo-Jae
authors: WJ
authors: Kim
authors: Seong-Il
authors: SI
authors: Ha
authors: Jae-Hyeon
authors: JH
authors: Lim
authors: Il-Tae
authors: IT
authors: Jang
keywords: Apophyseal ring fracture; Classification; Lumbar disc herniation
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