title: Risk factors for cardiac complications after spine surgery.
abstract: METHODS
  Registry study using prospectively collected data Objective:  To determine risk factors for cardiac complications in spine surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Spine End RESULTS Registry 2003-2004 is an exhaustive database of 1,592 patients who underwent spine surgery at the University of Washington Medical Center or Harborview Medical Center. Detailed information regarding patient demographic, medical comorbidity, surgical invasiveness and adverse outcomes were prospectively recorded. The primary outcome of measure was the occurrence of a cardiac complication in the perioperative period. Relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for each of the categorical variables. Multiple log-binomial regression analysis was performed to investigate the independent factors associated with cardiac complication.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of cardiac complication after spine surgery was 6.7%. There were 136 cardiac complications in 107 patients after spine surgery. Age, diabetes, previous cardiac history, elevated adjusted Charlson comorbidity score, revision surgery, combined anterior-posterior approaches, and surgical invasiveness were statistically significant risk factors for cardiac complication after spine surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the present study suggest numerous statistically significant risk factors for cardiac complications after spine surgery. These results may aid the clinician with preoperative risk stratification and patient counseling. [Table: see text] The definiton of the different classes of evidence is available on page 73.
authors: Harborview Medical Center, Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA.
authors: Juan P
authors: JP
authors: Guyot
authors: Amy
authors: A
authors: Cizik
authors: Richard
authors: R
authors: Bransford
authors: Carlo
authors: C
authors: Bellabarba
authors: Michael J
authors: MJ
authors: Lee
references: BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2006 Jun 20;7:53
references: 16787537
references: Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2008 Nov 15;33(24):2651-61; discussion 2662
references: 18981957
references: J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2003 Nov;85(11):2089-92
references: 14630835
references: J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1992 Apr;74(4):536-43
references: 1583048
references: Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2006 Jan 1;31(1):99-103
references: 16395185
references: Ann Surg. 1984 Feb;199(2):223-33
references: 6696538
references: Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2008 May 15;33(11):1250-5
references: 18469700
references: Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2009 Aug 15;34(18):1963-9
references: 19652635
references: Anesthesiology. 1990 Jan;72(1):153-84
references: 2404426
references: J Chronic Dis. 1987;40(5):373-83
references: 3558716
references: J Neurosurg Spine. 2007 Apr;6(4):291-7
references: 17436915
references: Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2007 Jan 15;32(2):230-5
references: 17224819
references: Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2001 Mar;(384):110-5
references: 11249155
references: Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 2007 Nov;47(11):495-500
references: 18037802
references: Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2009 Mar 1;34(5):495-500
references: 19212274