title: Quality control parameters for Tamra (copper) Bhasma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Metallic Bhasmas are highly valued and have their own importance in Ayurvedic formulations. To testify the Bhasmas various parameters have been told in Rasashastra classics. Tamra Bhasma (TB) with its different properties is used in the treatment of various diseases is quiet famous among the Ayurvedic physicians (Vaidyas).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study was carried out to set up the quality control parameters for the TB by making the use of classical tests along with advanced analytical tools.
  
  
  METHODS
  Copper wire taken for the preparation of Bhasma was first analyzed for its copper content and then subjected to Shodhana, Marana and Amrutikarana procedures as per the classical references. Final product complied with all the classical parameters like Rekhapurnatwa, Varitaratwa etc.
  
  
  METHODS
  After complying with these tests TB was analyzed by advanced analytical techniques like particle size distribution (PSD) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and inductive coupled plasma spectrometry (ICP).
  
  
  RESULTS
  PSD analysis of TB showed volumetric mean diameter of 28.70 μm, 50% of the material was below 18.40 μm size. Particle size less than 2μm were seen in SEM. 56.24 wt % of copper and 23.06 wt % of sulphur was found in ICP-AES. Heavy metals like cadmium, selenium were not detected while others like arsenic, lead and mercury were present in traces.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These observations could be specified as the quality control parameters conforming to all the classical tests under the Bhasma Pariksha.
authors: Department of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana Including Drug Research, I.P.G.T. and R.A., G.A.U., Jamnagar, Gujarat, India.
authors: Chandrashekhar Yuvaraj
authors: CY
authors: Jagtap
authors: Pradeepkumar
authors: P
authors: Prajapati
authors: Biswajyoti
authors: B
authors: Patgiri
authors: Vinay J
authors: VJ
authors: Shukla
keywords: Bhasma Pariksha; Rasaushadhi; Tamra; copper; quality control
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