title: Subcellular dynamics and role of Arabidopsis β-1,3-glucanases in cell-to-cell movement of tobamoviruses.
abstract: β-1,3-Glucanases (BG) have been implicated in enhancing virus spread by degrading callose at plasmodesmata (Pd). Here, we investigate the role of Arabidopsis BG in tobamovirus spread. During Turnip vein clearing virus infection, the transcription of two pathogenesis-related (PR)-BG AtBG2 and AtBG3 increased but that of Pd-associated BG AtBG_pap did not change. In transgenic plants, AtBG2 was retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) network and was not secreted. As a stress response mediated by salicylic acid, AtBG2 was secreted and appeared as a free extracellular protein localized in the entire apoplast but did not accumulate at Pd sites. At the leading edge of Tobacco mosaic virus spread, AtBG2 co-localized with the viral movement protein in the ER-derived bodies, similarly to other ER proteins, but was not secreted to the cell wall. In atbg2 mutants, callose levels at Pd and virus spread were unaffected. Likewise, AtBG2 overexpression had no effect on virus spread. However, in atbg_pap mutants, callose at Pd was increased and virus spread was reduced. Our results demonstrate that the constitutive Pd-associated BG but not the stress-regulated extracellular PR-BG are directly involved in regulation of callose at Pd and cell-to-cell transport in Arabidopsis, including the spread of viruses.
authors: Department of Molecular Biology and Ecology of Plants, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors: Raul
authors: R
authors: Zavaliev
authors: Amit
authors: A
authors: Levy
authors: Abed
authors: A
authors: Gera
authors: Bernard L
authors: BL
authors: Epel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000821:virology; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001692:Biological Transport; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000201:enzymology; D015870:Gene Expression; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D043326:Glucan 1,3-beta-Glucosidase / Q000378:metabolism*; D005936:Glucans / Q000378:metabolism; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D009154:Mutation; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000821:virology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000821:virology; D053830:Plant Viral Movement Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D031425:Plasmodesmata / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000821:virology; D018749:RNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D020156:Salicylic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D014027:Tobacco Mosaic Virus / Q000502:physiology; D017898:Tobamovirus / Q000502:physiology*; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D005936:Glucans; D053830:Plant Viral Movement Proteins; D018749:RNA, Plant; D014764:Viral Proteins; C048306:callose; D043326:Glucan 1,3-beta-Glucosidase; D020156:Salicylic Acid