title: Insomnia does not appear to be associated with substantial structural brain changes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sleep has been demonstrated to significantly modulate brain plasticity and the manifestation of mental disorders. However, previous studies on the effect of disrupted sleep on brain structure have reported inconsistent results. The goal of the current study was to investigate brain morphometry in a well-characterized large sample of patients with primary insomnia (PI) in comparison with good sleeper controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Automated parcellation and pattern recognition approaches were supplemented by voxelwise analyses of gray and white matter volumes to analyze magnetic resonance images. All analyses included age, sex, and total intracranial volume as covariates.
  
  
  METHODS
  Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy of the University of Freiburg Medical Center.
  
  
  METHODS
  There were 28 patients with PI (10 males; 18 females; age 43.7 ± 14.2 y) and 38 healthy, good sleepers (17 males; 21 females; age 39.6 ± 8.9 y).
  
  
  METHODS
  N/A.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant between-group differences were observed in any of the investigated brain morphometry variables.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Altered brain function in insomnia does not appear to have a substantial effect on brain morphometry on a macroscopic level.
authors: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany. Kai.Spiegelhalder@uniklinik-freiburg.de
authors: Kai
authors: K
authors: Spiegelhalder
authors: Wolfram
authors: W
authors: Regen
authors: Chiara
authors: C
authors: Baglioni
authors: Stefan
authors: S
authors: Klöppel
authors: Ahmed
authors: A
authors: Abdulkadir
authors: Jürgen
authors: J
authors: Hennig
authors: Christoph
authors: C
authors: Nissen
authors: Dieter
authors: D
authors: Riemann
authors: Bernd
authors: B
authors: Feige
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009929:Organ Size; D017286:Polysomnography; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000473:pathology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Hippocampus; MRI; primary insomnia; sleep; support vector machine; voxel-based morphometry
references: J Sleep Res. 2005 Dec;14(4):401-7
references: 16364141
references: Brain. 2009 Aug;132(Pt 8):2026-35
references: 19416949
references: Arch Intern Med. 2009 Mar 9;169(5):447-53
references: 19273774
references: Sleep Med Rev. 2010 Feb;14(1):69-82
references: 19962922
references: Biol Psychiatry. 2010 Sep 1;68(5):494-6
references: 20598672
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Sep 26;97(20):11050-5
references: 10984517
references: Sleep Med Rev. 2001 Oct;5(5):363-374
references: 12531000
references: Br J Psychiatry. 2006 Jun;188:510-8
references: 16738340
references: J Sleep Res. 2012 Jun;21(3):264-9
references: 21981420
references: Sleep Med Rev. 2010 Feb;14(1):19-31
references: 19481481
references: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2009 Jul;66(7):700-12
references: 19581561
references: Sleep Med. 2010 Jun;11(6):576-82
references: 20466585
references: Neurology. 2009 Feb 3;72(5):426-31
references: 19188573
references: Neuroimage. 2012 Jun;61(2):457-63
references: 22094642
references: Biol Psychiatry. 2010 Jan 15;67(2):182-5
references: 19782344
references: Psychiatry Res. 1989 May;28(2):193-213
references: 2748771
references: Neurology. 1992 Sep;42(9):1743-50
references: 1513464
references: Sleep Med Rev. 2002 Apr;6(2):97-111
references: 12531146
references: Neuroimage. 2000 Jun;11(6 Pt 1):805-21
references: 10860804
references: Neuroimage. 2012 Mar;60(1):471-5
references: 22197742
references: Sleep. 2011 Sep 01;34(9):1161-71
references: 21886353
references: J Sleep Res. 2011 Mar;20(1 Pt 2):129-36
references: 20673291
references: J Sleep Res. 1997 Sep;6(3):179-88
references: 9358396
references: Sleep. 2007 Nov;30(11):1547-54
references: 18041487
references: Magn Reson Med. 1990 Jul;15(1):152-7
references: 2374495
references: Behav Res Ther. 1985;23(3):263-71
references: 4004706
references: Sleep. 2012 Jan 01;35(1):61-8
references: 22215919
references: Sleep Med Rev. 2006 Aug;10(4):215-45
references: 16809056
references: Hippocampus. 2005;15(6):798-807
references: 15988763
references: Sleep. 2010 Sep;33(9):1159-64
references: 20857861
references: Neuroscience. 2011 Sep 8;190:145-55
references: 21718758
references: Neuroimage. 2006 Jul 1;31(3):968-80
references: 16530430
references: Sleep. 2007 Aug;30(8):955-8
references: 17702263
references: Sleep. 2005 Sep;28(9):1049-57
references: 16268373
references: Neuroimage. 2007 Oct 15;38(1):95-113
references: 17761438
references: Behav Res Ther. 2002 Aug;40(8):869-93
references: 12186352
references: Lancet. 2012 Mar 24;379(9821):1129-41
references: 22265700
references: Neuropsychologia. 1971 Mar;9(1):97-113
references: 5146491
references: Neuroimage. 2006 Aug 1;32(1):180-94
references: 16651008
references: Am J Psychiatry. 2004 Nov;161(11):2126-8
references: 15514418
references: Sleep. 2004 Nov 1;27(7):1255-73
references: 15586779
references: Sleep Med. 2001 Jul;2(4):297-307
references: 11438246
references: Sleep. 2008 Sep;31(9):1271-6
references: 18788652
references: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2002 Feb;59(2):131-6
references: 11825133
references: Sleep. 1991 Dec;14(6):540-5
references: 1798888
references: Neuroimage. 2004 Jan;21(1):46-57
references: 14741641
references: J Affect Disord. 2011 Dec;135(1-3):10-9
references: 21300408
references: Eur J Neurosci. 2005 Oct;22(8):2111-6
references: 16262649
references: Hum Brain Mapp. 2009 Nov;30(11):3719-35
references: 19441021
references: Neuron. 2002 Jan 31;33(3):341-55
references: 11832223
references: J Sleep Res. 2008 Jun;17(2):180-90
references: 18482106
references: Sleep. 2010 Jan;33(1):107-12
references: 20120627
references: Neuroimage. 2012 Aug 15;62(2):774-81
references: 22248573