title: Endurance training enhances skeletal muscle interleukin-15 in human male subjects.
abstract: Regular endurance exercise promotes metabolic and oxidative changes in skeletal muscle. Overexpression of interleukin-15 (IL-15) in mice exerts similar metabolic changes in muscle as seen with endurance exercise. Muscular IL-15 production has been shown to increase in mice after weeks of regular endurance running. With the present study we aimed to determine if muscular IL-15 production would increase in human male subjects following 12 weeks of endurance training. In two different studies we obtained plasma and muscle biopsies from young healthy subjects performing: (1) 12 weeks of ergometer cycling exercise five times per week with plasma and biopsies before and after the intervention, and (2) 3 h of ergometer cycling exercise with plasma and biopsies before and after the exercise bout and well into recovery. We measured changes in plasma IL-15, muscle IL-15 mRNA and IL-15 protein. Twelve weeks of regular endurance training induced a 40% increase in basal skeletal muscle IL-15 protein content (p < 0.01), but with no changes in either muscle IL-15 mRNA or plasma IL-15 levels. However, an acute bout of 3-h exercise did not show significant changes in muscle IL-15 or plasma IL-15 levels. The induction of muscle IL-15 protein in humans following a regular training period supports previous findings in mice and emphasizes the hypothesis of IL-15 taking part in skeletal muscle adaptation during training.
authors: Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism, Department of Infectious Diseases and CMRC, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Section 7641, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark, rinnov@gmail.com.
authors: Anders
authors: A
authors: Rinnov
authors: Christina
authors: C
authors: Yfanti
authors: Søren
authors: S
authors: Nielsen
authors: Thorbjörn C A
authors: TC
authors: Akerström
authors: Lone
authors: L
authors: Peijs
authors: Alaa
authors: A
authors: Zankari
authors: Christian P
authors: CP
authors: Fischer
authors: Bente K
authors: BK
authors: Pedersen
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology; D000328:Adult; D001706:Biopsy; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005080:Exercise Test; D006801:Humans; D019409:Interleukin-15 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D019409:Interleukin-15; D012333:RNA, Messenger
references: Cell Biol Int. 2003;27(10):845-51
references: 14499665
references: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2011 May;300(5):E761-70
references: 21325105
references: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008 Nov;93(11):4486-93
references: 18697873
references: J Appl Physiol (1985). 2004 Dec;97(6):2214-9
references: 15531573
references: Endocrine. 2013 Jun;43(3):579-85
references: 23076740
references: J Muscle Res Cell Motil. 2003;24(2-3):113-9
references: 14609022
references: Oncogene. 1996 May 16;12(10):2187-92
references: 8668345
references: J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2012 Aug;52(4):448-54
references: 22828466
references: J Physiol. 2008 Apr 15;586(8):2195-201
references: 18292129
references: J Physiol. 2007 Oct 1;584(Pt 1):305-12
references: 17690139
references: Science. 1994 May 13;264(5161):965-8
references: 8178155
references: Int Immunol. 2002 Aug;14(8):917-24
references: 12147628
references: Nature. 2012 Jan 11;481(7382):463-8
references: 22237023
references: Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2009 Jan;296(1):E191-202
references: 19001550
references: Exp Cell Res. 2002 Oct 15;280(1):55-63
references: 12372339
references: Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2012 Jul;40(3):159-64
references: 22732425
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Dec 23;94(26):14444-9
references: 9405632
references: Endocrinology. 2013 Jan;154(1):232-45
references: 23161867
references: Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 1975 Nov;35(7):609-16
references: 1108172
references: Endocrinology. 1995 Aug;136(8):3669-72
references: 7628408
references: Endocr J. 2011;58(3):211-5
references: 21307608
references: J Appl Physiol (1985). 2007 Nov;103(5):1744-51
references: 17823296
references: Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2004 Sep;287(3):R608-11
references: 15155279
references: Eur J Appl Physiol. 2009 Nov;107(4):419-27
references: 19657668
references: Endocrine. 2012 Aug;42(1):29-38
references: 22527891
references: J Sports Sci. 2009 Dec;27(14):1607-15
references: 19967592
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 May 24;91(11):4935-9
references: 8197160
references: Biochim Biophys Acta. 2001 Apr 3;1526(1):17-24
references: 11287118
references: J Physiol Pharmacol. 2008 Dec;59 Suppl 7:5-18
references: 19258654
references: Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010 Jul;42(7):1388-95
references: 20019626
references: J Appl Physiol (1985). 2003 May;94(5):1917-25
references: 12533503