title: Orthodontic procedures after trauma.
abstract: This review considers oral trauma and its relationship to orthodontics with respect to prevention and primary, secondary, and tertiary care. The level of evidence is not high in regard to this topic, but recommendable approaches to trauma at each stage are discussed on the basis of available literature and published guidelines. Simplified biomechanics are presented to aid treatment.
authors: Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, and Department of Dentistry, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA. fields.31@osu.edu
authors: Henry W
authors: HW
authors: Fields
authors: John R
authors: JR
authors: Christensen
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D006801:Humans; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000150:complications; D009064:Mouth Protectors; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D009971:Orthodontics, Corrective; D009972:Orthodontics, Interceptive; D018677:Tooth Injuries / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy*