title: Soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (sTREM-1) in gingival crevicular fluid: association with clinical and microbiologic parameters.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (sTREM-1) belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily and is involved in amplification of the inflammatory response to bacterial infection. This cross-sectional study aims to investigate the levels of sTREM-1 in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of individuals without periodontitis and with chronic periodontitis (CP) or generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP) and their association with the levels of key periodontal pathogens in subgingival plaque.
  
  
  METHODS
  GCF and subgingival plaque samples were obtained from healthy sites of participants without periodontitis (n = 20) and periodontitis sites of patients with CP (n = 22) and GAgP (n = 20). sTREM-1 levels in GCF were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans levels in subgingival plaque were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  sTREM-1 levels in GCF were higher in CP and GAgP than healthy sites by 3.6- and 4.4-fold, respectively, with no significant differences between the two forms of periodontitis. Moreover, sTREM-1 levels in GCF were positively correlated with site-specific clinical periodontal parameters and levels of P. gingivalis, T. denticola, and T. forsythia, but not A. actinomycetemcomitans, in subgingival plaque.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased GCF levels of sTREM-1 at diseased sites and their positive correlation with clinical and microbiologic parameters strengthen the association of this inflammatory marker with periodontitis.
authors: Institute of Oral Biology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zürich, Switzerland.
authors: Georgios N
authors: GN
authors: Belibasakis
authors: Veli-Özgen
authors: VÖ
authors: Öztürk
authors: Gulnur
authors: G
authors: Emingil
authors: Nagihan
authors: N
authors: Bostanci
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016976:Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010520:Aggressive Periodontitis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000145:classification; D058491:Bacterial Load; D001439:Bacteroides / Q000302:isolation & purification; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000032:analysis*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000145:classification; D010519:Periodontium / Q000382:microbiology; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000032:analysis*; D048373:Treponema denticola / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000073871:Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-1; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; C408842:TREM1 protein, human; D000073871:Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-1