title: Phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis of Chinese Leishmania isolates based on multilocus sequence typing.
abstract: Leishmaniasis is a debilitating infectious disease that has a variety of clinical forms. In China, visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is the most common symptom, and L. donovani and/or L. infantum are the likely pathogens. In this study, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of five enzyme-coding genes (fh, g6pdh, icd, mpi, pgd) and two conserved genes (hsp70, lack) was used to investigate the phylogenetic relationships of Chinese Leishmania strains. Concatenated alignment of the nucleotide sequences of the seven genes was analyzed and phylogenetic trees were constructed using neighbor-joining and maximum parsimony models. A set of additional sequences from 25 strains (24 strains belong to the L. donovani complex and one strain belongs to L. gerbilli) were retrieved from GenBank to infer the molecular evolutionary history of Leishmania from China and other endemic areas worldwide. Phylogenetic analyses consolidated Chinese Leishmania into four groups: (i) one clade A population comprised 13 isolates from different foci in China, which were pathogenic to humans and canines. This population was subdivided into two subclades, clade A1 and clade A2, which comprised sister organisms to the remaining members of the worldwide L. donovani complex; (ii) a population in clade B consisted of one reference strain of L. turanica and five Chinese strains from Xinjiang; (iii) clade C (SELF-7 and EJNI-154) formed a population that was closely related to clade B, and both isolates were identified as L. gerbilli; and (iv) the final group, clade D, included Sauroleishmania (LIZRD and KXG-E) and was distinct from the other strains. We hypothesize that the phylogeny of Chinese Leishmania is associated with the geographical origins rather than with the clinical forms (VL or CL) of leishmaniasis. To conclude, this study provides further molecular information on Chinese Leishmania isolates and the Chinese isolates appear to have a more complex evolutionary history than previously thought.
authors: Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
authors: Chun-Ying
authors: CY
authors: Zhang
authors: Xiao-Jun
authors: XJ
authors: Lu
authors: Xiao-Qing
authors: XQ
authors: Du
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Jian
authors: Ling
authors: L
authors: Shu
authors: Ying
authors: Y
authors: Ma
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan / Q000235:genetics; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D017125:Genes, Protozoan; D050884:HSP72 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007891:Leishmania / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D007896:Leishmaniasis / Q000453:epidemiology; D058885:Multilocus Sequence Typing; D010802:Phylogeny; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D000953:Antigens, Protozoan; D050884:HSP72 Heat-Shock Proteins; D015800:Protozoan Proteins; C093139:LACK antigen, Leishmania
references: Int J Parasitol. 2006 Jun;36(7):757-69
references: 16725143
references: Parasit Vectors. 2009 Feb 04;2:10
references: 19193214
references: Microbes Infect. 2007 Mar;9(3):334-43
references: 17307010
references: Int J Parasitol. 2007 Feb;37(2):149-60
references: 17027989
references: Eur J Biochem. 1999 Feb;259(3):909-16
references: 10092881
references: Parasitol Res. 2010 May;106(6):1385-94
references: 20237800
references: Zhongguo Ji Sheng Chong Xue Yu Ji Sheng Chong Bing Za Zhi. 2001;19(5):290-3
references: 12572045
references: Zhongguo Ji Sheng Chong Xue Yu Ji Sheng Chong Bing Za Zhi. 2003;21(5):285
references: 15108519
references: Parasitol Res. 2010 Oct;107(5):1049-65
references: 20617444
references: Adv Parasitol. 2007;64:1-109
references: 17499100
references: J Clin Microbiol. 2006 Feb;44(2):495-503
references: 16455904
references: Indian J Med Res. 2006 Mar;123(3):357-88
references: 16778317
references: Transbound Emerg Dis. 2010 Apr;57(1-2):37-41
references: 20537100
references: Mol Biochem Parasitol. 1996 Apr;77(1):19-29
references: 8784768
references: J Infect Dis. 2004 Mar 15;189(6):1035-43
references: 14999607
references: Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2012 Feb;107(1):39-47
references: 22310534
references: Int J Parasitol. 2000 Nov;30(12-13):1269-81
references: 11113254
references: Mol Biol Evol. 2008 Jul;25(7):1253-6
references: 18397919
references: Parasitology. 2011 Apr;138(4):405-25
references: 21078222
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 May 29;104(22):9375-80
references: 17517634
references: Trends Parasitol. 2010 Oct;26(10):466-9
references: 20609626
references: Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao. 1982 Oct;4(5):261-5
references: 6219759
references: Mol Biol Evol. 2011 Oct;28(10):2731-9
references: 21546353
references: Int J Parasitol. 2009 Feb;39(3):355-62
references: 18817779
references: Genome Res. 2011 Dec;21(12):2143-56
references: 22038251
references: PLoS One. 2012;7(5):e35671
references: 22693548
references: Trends Parasitol. 2008 Mar;24(3):135-42
references: 18262469
references: Parasitol Res. 2011 Jul;109(1):163-73
references: 21221640
references: Eukaryot Cell. 2007 Feb;6(2):198-210
references: 17142569
references: Ann Parasitol Hum Comp. 1990;65(3):111-25
references: 2080829
references: Parasitol Int. 2010 Sep;59(3):331-7
references: 20434585
references: Microbes Infect. 2005 Aug-Sep;7(11-12):1224-34
references: 16002315
references: Zhongguo Ji Sheng Chong Xue Yu Ji Sheng Chong Bing Za Zhi. 2009 Oct;27(5):394-7
references: 20066970
references: Parasit Vectors. 2012 Apr 19;5:75
references: 22515334
references: Infect Genet Evol. 2010 Mar;10(2):238-45
references: 19913110