title: The usefulness of electromagnetic neuronavigation in the pediatric neuroendoscopic surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Neuroendoscopy is applied to various intracranial pathologic conditions. But this technique needs informations for the anatomy, critically. Neuronavigation makes the operation more safe, exact and lesser invasive procedures. But classical neuronavigation systems with rigid pinning fixations were difficult to apply to pediatric populations because of their thin and immature skull. Electromagnetic neuronavigation has used in the very young patients because it does not need rigid pinning fixations. The usefulness of electromagnetic neuronavigation is described through our experiences of neuroendoscopy for pediatric groups and reviews for several literatures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 2007 and July 2011, nine pediatric patients were managed with endoscopic surgery using electromagnetic neuronavigation (AxiEM, Medtronics, USA). The patients were 4.0 years of mean age (4 months-12 years) and consisted of 8 boys and 1 girl. Totally, 11 endoscopic procedures were performed. The cases involving surgical outcomes were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The goal of surgery was achieved successfully at the time of surgery, as confirmed by postoperative imaging. In 2 patients, each patient underwent re-operations due to the aggravation of the previous lesion. And one had transient mild third nerve palsy due to intraoperative manipulation and the others had no surgery related complication.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  By using electromagnetic neuronavigation, neuroendoscopy was found to be a safe and effective technique. In conclusion, electromagnetic neuronavigation is a useful adjunct to neuroendoscopy in very young pediatric patients and an alternative to classical optical neuronavigation.
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, Chonnam National University Hospital and Medical School, Gwangju, Korea.
authors: Ki Young
authors: KY
authors: Choi
authors: Bo Ra
authors: BR
authors: Seo
authors: Jae Hyoo
authors: JH
authors: Kim
authors: Soo Han
authors: SH
authors: Kim
authors: Tae Sun
authors: TS
authors: Kim
authors: Jung Kil
authors: JK
authors: Lee
keywords: Electromagnetic neuronavigation; Neuroendoscopy; Pediatrics
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