title: Rokumi-jio-gan-containing prescriptions regulate oxidative stress through improving dyslipidemia in a subtotal nephrectomized rat model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Rokumi-jio-gan-containing prescriptions, traditional medicine, are widely used to treat renal dysfunction in Japan.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study was conducted to examine whether two Rokumi-jio-gan-containing prescriptions (Hachimi-jio-gan and Bakumi-jio-gan) have an ameliorative effect on dyslipidemia in nephrectomized rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Each prescription was orally administered to nephrectomized rats at 150mg/kg body weight per day for 10 weeks, and its effect was compared with vehicle-treated nephrectomized rats.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rats given Hachimi-jio-gan and Bakumi-jio-gan showed an improvement of renal functional parameters such as serum urea nitrogen, creatinine, creatinine clearance, and urinary protein. The increased triglyceride, total cholesterol, non-esterified fatty acid, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol/low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in serum, and triglyceride and total cholesterol contents in the kidney of nephrectomized rats were significantly decreased by Hachimi-jio-gan and Bakumi-jio-gan administration. Furthermore, Hachimi-jio-gan acts as a regulator of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α, sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP)-1, and SREBP-2. On the contrary, the increased reactive oxygen species and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance were decreased, while superoxide dismutase and the reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio were augmented by Hachimi-jio-gan rather than Bakumi-jio-gan. The improvement of nuclear factor-kappa Bp65, cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, NF-E2-related factor 2, and heme oxygenase-1 was marked in the group administered Bakumi-jio-gan. However, oil red O staining showed that the increased lipid deposition in the kidney of nephrectomized rats improved on Hachimi-jio-gan and Bakumi-jio-gan administration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides scientific evidence that two Rokumi-jio-gan-containing prescriptions (Hachimi-jio-gan and Bakumi-jio-gan) improve oxidative stress via dyslipidemia in the remnant kidney of nephrectomized rats.
authors: Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
authors: Chan Hum
authors: CH
authors: Park
authors: Sul Lim
authors: SL
authors: Lee
authors: Jeong Sook
authors: JS
authors: Noh
authors: Takako
authors: T
authors: Yokozawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D007564:Japan; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D007677:Kidney Function Tests / Q000379:methods; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008519:Medicine, Traditional / Q000379:methods; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D047493:PPAR alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D051780:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D051782:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D013858:Thiobarbiturates / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D008055:Lipids; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2; D016328:NF-kappa B; C495637:Nfe2l2 protein, rat; D047493:PPAR alpha; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C497389:Srebf1 protein, rat; D051780:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1; D051782:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 2; D013858:Thiobarbiturates; C533996:bakumijiogan; C054591:hachimijiogan; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496318:Nos2 protein, rat; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C029684:thiobarbituric acid