title: When restless legs syndrome turns malignant.
abstract: Usually symptoms of restless legs syndrome (RLS) respond well to treatment with dopaminergic drugs, opiates, or anticonvulsant medications. Yet sometimes symptoms can be severe and become refractory, even to high-dose combination therapy. Here we present two cases of familial RLS with rigorous and unusual motor and sensory symptoms in the form of episodes of myoclonic hyperkinesias and painful sensations in addition to more characteristic features of RLS. Stepwise reduction of all RLS-and antidepressant medication down to opiate monotherapy-and subsequent opiate rotation led to an improvement of symptoms. Yet in both cases, reintroduction of low-dose dopaminergic drugs was necessary to achieve satisfactory treatment effect. We have termed this form of RLS refractory to multiple combinations of all classes of commonly used drugs malignant RLS. Therapeutically simplification and reduction of the drug scheme and opiate rotation should be considered in malignant RLS.
authors: Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 München, Germany.
authors: Eva C
authors: EC
authors: Schulte
authors: Nadine
authors: N
authors: Gross
authors: Helen
authors: H
authors: Slawik
authors: Juliane
authors: J
authors: Winkelmann
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015259:Dopamine Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020183:Nocturnal Paroxysmal Dystonia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012148:Restless Legs Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D015259:Dopamine Agents