title: Effects of smoking on D₂/D₃ striatal receptor availability in alcoholics and social drinkers.
abstract: Studies have reported lower striatal D₂/D₃ receptor availability in both alcoholics and cigarette smokers relative to healthy controls. These substances are commonly co-abused, yet the relationship between comorbid alcohol/tobacco abuse and striatal D₂/D₃ receptor availability has not been examined. We sought to determine the degree to which dual abuse of alcohol and tobacco is associated with lower D₂/D₃ receptor availability. Eighty-one subjects (34 nontreatment-seeking alcoholic smokers [NTS-S], 21 social-drinking smokers [SD-S], and 26 social-drinking non-smokers [SD-NS]) received baseline [(11)C]raclopride scans. D₂/D₃ binding potential (BPND ≡ Bavail/KD) was estimated for ten anatomically defined striatal regions of interest (ROIs). Significant group effects were detected in bilateral pre-commissural dorsal putamen, bilateral pre-commissural dorsal caudate; and bilateral post-commissural dorsal putamen. Post-hoc testing revealed that, regardless of drinking status, smokers had lower D₂/D₃ receptor availability than non-smoking controls. Chronic tobacco smokers have lower striatal D₂/D₃ receptor availability than non-smokers, independent of alcohol use. Additional studies are needed to identify the mechanisms by which chronic tobacco smoking is associated with striatal dopamine receptor availability.
authors: Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, R2 E124, 950 W. Walnut St., Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
authors: Daniel S
authors: DS
authors: Albrecht
authors: David A
authors: DA
authors: Kareken
authors: Karmen K
authors: KK
authors: Yoder
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000378:metabolism*; D057229:Alcoholics; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000378:metabolism*; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D057054:Molecular Imaging; D017447:Receptors, Dopamine D1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D012907:Smoking / Q000378:metabolism*; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D017447:Receptors, Dopamine D1; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2
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