title: Upregulation of microRNA-224 is associated with aggressive progression and poor prognosis in human cervical cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Accumulating evidence for differential expression of microRNA-224 (miR-224) in various types of human cancer suggests that it may be play a crucial role in tumor biology. The previous microarray detection also shown that miR-224 was one of miRNAs with significant upregulation in cervical cancer tissues relative to adjacent normal tissues. However, little is known about the function of miR-224 in human cervical cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical significance of miR-224 expression in cervical cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  MiR-224 expression in 126 pairs of fresh human cervical cancer and adjacent normal tissues was measured by real-time quantitative RT-PCR assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  miR-224 expression was significantly upregulated in cervical cancer tissues when compared with corresponding adjacent normal tissues (P<0.001). It was also significantly higher in the cancerous tissues of patients with advanced FIGO stage cervical cancer than those with early FIGO stage (P=0.02). In addition, miR-224 was expressed at significantly higher levels in lymph node metastasis-positive patients than in lymph node metastasis-negative patients (P=0.008). Moreover, we found that lesser differentiated tumors expressed higher miR-224 (P=0.03). Finally, there were sufficient evidence to confirm its value in the status of vascular invasion (P=0.01) and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection (P=0.02) in cervical cancer. More importantly, Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that cervical cancer patients with high miR-224 expression tend to have shorter overall survival. In multivariate analysis stratified for known prognostic variables, miR-224 was identified as an independent prognostic marker.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data indicated that miR-224 upregulation was associated with aggressive progression and poor prognosis in cervical cancer. MiR-224 was identified for the first time as an independent marker for predicting the clinical outcome of cervical cancer patients.
  The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/2170449349527493.
authors: Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Baotou 014010, China. shenshuna1972@126.com
authors: Shu-na
authors: SN
authors: Shen
authors: Ling-feng
authors: LF
authors: Wang
authors: Yong-feng
authors: YF
authors: Jia
authors: Yu-qing
authors: YQ
authors: Hao
authors: Lin
authors: L
authors: Zhang
authors: Hui
authors: H
authors: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C546140:MIRN224 microRNA, human; D035683:MicroRNAs
references: Br J Cancer. 2012 Apr 24;106(9):1526-34
references: 22472886
references: Med Oncol. 2012 Jun;29(2):1242-8
references: 21264530
references: Lancet. 2003 Jun 28;361(9376):2217-25
references: 12842378
references: Diagn Pathol. 2012 Aug 17;7:105
references: 22898004
references: J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013 Mar;28(3):565-75
references: 22989374
references: PLoS One. 2010 Jul 26;5(7):e11780
references: 20668671
references: Am J Pathol. 2012 Apr;180(4):1675-87
references: 22326755
references: Mol Med Rep. 2012 Mar;5(3):753-60
references: 22160209
references: PLoS One. 2011 Mar 28;6(3):e18286
references: 21464941
references: Clin Chim Acta. 2013 Feb 1;416:5-10
references: 23178446
references: FASEB J. 2012 Jul;26(7):3032-41
references: 22459148
references: Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2010 Oct-Dec;23(4):1229-34
references: 21244772
references: Diagn Pathol. 2011 Jul 05;6:59
references: 21729305
references: BMC Syst Biol. 2012 Jun 15;6:68
references: 22703586
references: Diagn Pathol. 2012 Apr 13;7:40
references: 22500694
references: Nature. 2010 Aug 12;466(7308):835-40
references: 20703300
references: Gynecol Oncol. 2011 Jan;120(1):145-51
references: 20947150
references: CA Cancer J Clin. 2012 Jan-Feb;62(1):10-29
references: 22237781
references: Cancer Lett. 2012 Aug 28;321(2):162-8
references: 22326282
references: Hepatology. 2012 Aug;56(2):632-43
references: 22392644
references: J Endocrinol. 2012 Dec;215(3):323-34
references: 23038794
references: Diagn Pathol. 2010 Apr 24;5:25
references: 20416098
references: Diagn Pathol. 2009 Sep 09;4:31
references: 19740435
references: Lancet. 2011 Oct 22;378(9801):1461-84
references: 21924486
references: PLoS One. 2008 Jul 02;3(7):e2557
references: 18596939
references: J Cancer Res Ther. 2010 Oct-Dec;6(4):521-9
references: 21358093
references: Cancer Res. 2010 Feb 15;70(4):1441-8
references: 20124485
references: Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2012 Aug 24;425(2):127-33
references: 22809510
references: Cell. 2007 Jun 29;129(7):1401-14
references: 17604727
references: Ann Surg Oncol. 2009 Aug;16(8):2339-50
references: 19475450
references: Cell. 2009 Jan 23;136(2):215-33
references: 19167326
references: Oncogene. 2011 May 26;30(21):2401-10
references: 21242962
references: Cell. 2004 Jan 23;116(2):281-97
references: 14744438
references: Oncogene. 2013 Feb 21;32(8):976-87
references: 22469983
references: Thyroid. 2012 Sep;22(9):890-6
references: 22747440
references: Clin Chem. 2013 Jan;59(1):261-9
references: 23136246
references: PLoS One. 2012;7(10):e46990
references: 23056551
references: Diagn Pathol. 2012 Oct 30;7:147
references: 23107094