title: Prevalence of depression in stroke patients with vascular dementia in universiti kebangsaan malaysia medical center.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Depression among patients with vascular dementia is frequently overlooked and potentially causes significant morbidity. There is limited data in Malaysia on the subject and this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of depression in vascular dementia (VaD) in UKMMC.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a cross-sectional study involving diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM IV) criteria and who had a mini mental state examination (MMSE) score of less than 26. All patients were interviewed, examined clinically and their previous brain computer tomography (CT) were reviewed. The prevalence of depression was determined using the Cornell scale of depression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 76 patients were recruited with a mean age of 70.5 ± 9.5 years. The median duration of illness was 2.0 (1.0-4.8) years. The prevalence of depression in the study population was 31.6%. The patients with depression had a significant older mean age (74.5±8.7 years old) compared to those without depression (68.6±9.4 years old). Patients with large artery stroke of less than 3 years had significant higher frequency of depression (53.6%) compared to patients with small artery stroke (23.8%) and patients with right sided large artery stroke had significantly higher frequency of depression compared to left (70% vs. 44.4%). Median MMSE score (17.0) for depressed patients was significantly lower compared with median MMSE score (22.5) for non depressed patients. Median Barthel Index (30.0) for depressed patients was significantly lower compared with median Barthel score for non depressed patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Depression was prevalent among post stroke patients with VaD in UKMMC particularly for patients with older age, large artery stroke, right sided large artery stroke, low MMSE score and low Barthel Index. Early recognition of high risk patients is important in the holistic management of patients to prevent significant morbidity arising from depression.
authors: Hospital Kulim Medical, Jalan Mahang Kulim, Kedah 09000, Malaysia. fangpenang@gmail.com.
authors: K F
authors: KF
authors: Khoo
authors: H J
authors: HJ
authors: Tan
authors: Rosdinom
authors: R
authors: R
authors: A A
authors: AA
authors: Raymond
authors: Norlinah
authors: N
authors: M I
authors: Shamsul
authors: S
authors: A
authors: Nafisah
authors: N
authors: W Y
mesh_terms: D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015140:Dementia, Vascular; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D008296:Malaysia; D015995:Prevalence; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology