title: SNARE proteins synaptobrevin, SNAP-25, and syntaxin are involved in rapid and slow endocytosis at synapses.
abstract: Rapid endocytosis, which takes only a few seconds, is widely observed in secretory cells. Although it is more efficient in recycling vesicles than in slow clathrin-mediated endocytosis, its underlying mechanism, thought to be clathrin independent, is largely unclear. Here, we report that cleavage of three SNARE proteins essential for exocytosis, including synaptobrevin, SNAP-25, and syntaxin, inhibited rapid endocytosis at the calyx of Held nerve terminal, suggesting the involvement of the three SNARE proteins in rapid endocytosis. These SNARE proteins were also involved in slow endocytosis. In addition, SNAP-25 and syntaxin facilitated vesicle mobilization to the readily releasable pool, most likely via their roles in endocytosis and/or exocytosis. We conclude that both rapid and slow endocytosis share the involvement of SNARE proteins. The dual role of three SNARE proteins in exo- and endocytosis suggests that SNARE proteins may be molecular substrates contributing to the exocytosis-endocytosis coupling, which maintains exocytosis in secretory cells.
authors: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, 35 Convent Drive, Building 35, Room 2B-1012, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors: Jianhua
authors: J
authors: Xu
authors: Fujun
authors: F
authors: Luo
authors: Zhen
authors: Z
authors: Zhang
authors: Lei
authors: L
authors: Xue
authors: Xin-Sheng
authors: XS
authors: Wu
authors: Hsueh-Cheng
authors: HC
authors: Chiang
authors: Wonchul
authors: W
authors: Shin
authors: Ling-Gang
authors: LG
authors: Wu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000494:pharmacology; D004705:Endocytosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005089:Exocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D010455:Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D050765:Qa-SNARE Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D050683:R-SNARE Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013569:Synapses / Q000378:metabolism*; D050825:Synaptosomal-Associated Protein 25 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D013744:Tetanus Toxin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D010455:Peptides; D050765:Qa-SNARE Proteins; D050683:R-SNARE Proteins; D050825:Synaptosomal-Associated Protein 25; D013744:Tetanus Toxin; D001905:Botulinum Toxins; C096326:botulinum toxin type E
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