title: Mitochondria, prostate cancer, and biopsy sampling error.
abstract: Mitochondria and their associated genome are emerging as sophisticated indicators of prostate cancer biology. Alterations in the mitochondrial genome (mtgenome) have been implicated in cell proliferation, metastatic behavior, androgen independence, as a signal for apoptosis, and as a predictor of biochemical recurrence. Somatic mutation patterns in complete mtgenomes are associated with prostate specific antigen levels (PSA) in prostate cancer patients and a large-scale mtgenome deletion (3.4 kb) is consistent with a prostate "cancerization" field effect. This review will focus on the biological characteristics of mitochondria and their direct clinical application to prostate cancer. Mitochondrial science is currently influencing clinical prostate cancer diagnostics and the rapid progress in this area indicates future, break-through contributions in the general field of oncology.
authors: Department of Research, Mitomics Inc., Suite 1000, 290 Munro St., Thunder Bay, Ontario P7A 7T1, Canada.
authors: Ryan L
authors: RL
authors: Parr
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Mills
authors: Andrew
authors: A
authors: Harbottle
authors: Jennifer M
authors: JM
authors: Creed
authors: Gregory
authors: G
authors: Crewdson
authors: Brian
authors: B
authors: Reguly
authors: François S
authors: FS
authors: Guimont
mesh_terms: D001707:Biopsy, Needle / Q000379:methods*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000378:metabolism; D003951:Diagnostic Errors; D054629:Genome, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000502:physiology*; D009154:Mutation; D011467:Prostate / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen