title: Membranous expression of podocalyxin-like protein is an independent factor of poor prognosis in urothelial bladder cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Membranous expression of the anti-adhesive glycoprotein podocalyxin-like (PODXL) has previously been found to correlate with poor prognosis in several major cancer forms. Here we examined the prognostic impact of PODXL expression in urothelial bladder cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunohistochemical PODXL expression was examined in tissue microarrays with tumours from two independent cohorts of patients with urothelial bladder cancer: n=100 (Cohort I) and n=343 (Cohort II). The impact of PODXL expression on disease-specific survival (DSS; Cohort II), 5-year overall survival (OS; both cohorts) and 2-year progression-free survival (PFS; Cohort II) was assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Membranous PODXL expression was significantly associated with more advanced tumour (T) stage and high-grade tumours in both cohorts, and a significantly reduced 5-year OS (unadjusted HR=2.25 in Cohort I and 3.10 in Cohort II, adjusted HR=2.05 in Cohort I and 2.18 in Cohort II) and DSS (unadjusted HR=4.36, adjusted HR=2.70). In patients with Ta and T1 tumours, membranous PODXL expression was an independent predictor of a reduced 2-year PFS (unadjusted HR=6.19, adjusted HR=4.60) and DSS (unadjusted HR=8.34, adjusted HR=7.16).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Membranous PODXL expression is an independent risk factor for progressive disease and death in patients with urothelial bladder cancer.
authors: Division of Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, 221 85 Lund, Sweden. karolina.boman@med.lu.se
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Boman
authors: A H
authors: AH
authors: Larsson
authors: U
authors: U
authors: Segersten
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Kuteeva
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Johannesson
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Nodin
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Eberhard
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Uhlén
authors: P-U
authors: PU
authors: Malmström
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Jirström
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins; C001643:podocalyxin
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