title: Biochemical and immunological characteristics of Peruvian Loxosceles laeta spider venom: neutralization of its toxic effects by anti-loxoscelic antivenoms.
abstract: This manuscript describes the general biochemical properties and immunological characteristics of Peruvian spider Loxosceles laeta venom (PLlv), which is responsible for the largest number of accidents involving venomous animals in Peru. In this work, we observed that the venom of this spider is more lethal to mice when compared with L. laeta venom from Brazil (BLlv). The LD₅₀ of PLlv was 1.213 mg/kg when the venom was intradermally injected. The venom displayed sphingomyelinase activity and produced dermonecrotic, hemorrhagic and edema effects in rabbits. 2-D SDS-PAGE separation of the soluble venoms resulted in a protein profile ranging from 20 to 205 kDa. Anti-PLlv and anti-BLlv sera produced in rabbits and assayed by ELISA showed that rabbit antibodies cross-reacted with PLlv and BLlv and also with other Brazilian Loxosceles venoms. Western blotting analysis showed that bands corresponding to 25-35 kDa are the proteins best recognized in every Loxosceles spp venoms analyzed. The immunized rabbits displayed protective effect after challenge with PLlv and BLlv. In vitro assays with horse anti-loxoscelic antivenoms produced in Brazil and Peru demonstrated that these commercial antivenoms were efficient to inhibit the sphingomyelinase activity of PLlv and BLlv.
authors: Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Guimarães
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Dias-Lopes
authors: C G
authors: CG
authors: Duarte
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Felicori
authors: R A
authors: RA
authors: Machado de Avila
authors: L F M
authors: LF
authors: Figueiredo
authors: J
authors: J
authors: de Moura
authors: B T
authors: BT
authors: Faleiro
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Barro
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Flores
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Silva
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Tintaya
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Yarleque
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Bonilla
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Kalapothakis
authors: C E
authors: CE
authors: Salas
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Chávez-Olortegui
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000997:Antivenins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001938:Brazil; D003429:Cross Reactions; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006736:Horses; D007114:Immunization; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D010568:Peru; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases / Q000633:toxicity*; D011817:Rabbits; D013108:Sphingomyelin Phosphodiesterase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D013111:Spider Venoms / Q000633:toxicity*; D013112:Spiders / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000997:Antivenins; D013111:Spider Venoms; C055161:loxosceles venom; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases; D013108:Sphingomyelin Phosphodiesterase