title: Supplementation by thylakoids to a high carbohydrate meal decreases feelings of hunger, elevates CCK levels and prevents postprandial hypoglycaemia in overweight women.
abstract: Thylakoids are chlorophyll-containing membranes in chloroplasts that have been isolated from green leaves. It has been previously shown that thylakoids supplemented with a high-fat meal can affect cholecystokinin (CCK), ghrelin, insulin and blood lipids in humans, and can act to suppress food intake and prevent body weight gain in rodents. This study investigates the addition of thylakoids to a high carbohydrate meal and its effects upon hunger motivation and fullness, and the levels of glucose, insulin, CCK, ghrelin and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in overweight women. Twenty moderately overweight female subjects received test meals on three different occasions; two thylakoid enriched and one control, separated by 1 week. The test meals consisted of a high carbohydrate Swedish breakfast, with or without addition of thylakoids. Blood samples and VAS-questionnaires were evaluated over a 4-h period. Addition of thylakoids suppressed hunger motivation and increased secretion of CCK from 180 min, and prevented postprandial hypoglycaemia from 90 min following food intake. These effects indicate that thylakoids may intensify signals of satiety. This study therefore suggests that the dietary addition of thylakoids could aid efforts to reduce food intake and prevent compensational eating later in the day, which may help to reduce body weight over time.
authors: Department of Experimental Medical Science, Appetite Regulation Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Sölvegatan 19, 221 84 Lund, Sweden.
authors: Eva-Lena
authors: EL
authors: Stenblom
authors: Caroline
authors: C
authors: Montelius
authors: Karolina
authors: K
authors: Östbring
authors: Maria
authors: M
authors: Håkansson
authors: Sofia
authors: S
authors: Nilsson
authors: Jens F
authors: JF
authors: Rehfeld
authors: Charlotte
authors: C
authors: Erlanson-Albertsson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects; D002766:Cholecystokinin / Q000097:blood* / Q000187:drug effects; D004032:Diet / Q000379:methods; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D054439:Ghrelin / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006815:Hunger / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D050177:Overweight / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D019518:Postprandial Period / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D012527:Satiation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D012528:Satiety Response / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D020524:Thylakoids; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D054439:Ghrelin; D007328:Insulin; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002766:Cholecystokinin