title: Climate change air toxic co-reduction in the context of macroeconomic modelling.
abstract: This paper examines the health implications of global PM reduction accompanying greenhouse gas emissions reductions in the 180 national economies of the global macroeconomy. A human health effects module based on empirical data on GHG emissions, PM emissions, background PM concentrations, source apportionment and human health risk coefficients is used to estimate reductions in morbidity and mortality from PM exposures globally as co-reduction of GHG reductions. These results are compared against the "fuzzy bright line" that often underlies regulatory decisions for environmental toxics, and demonstrate that the risk reduction through PM reduction would usually be considered justified in traditional risk-based decisions for environmental toxics. It is shown that this risk reduction can be on the order of more than 4 × 10(-3) excess lifetime mortality risk, with global annual cost savings of slightly more than $10B, when uniform GHG reduction measures across all sectors of the economy form the basis for climate policy ($2.2B if only Annex I nations reduce). Consideration of co-reduction of PM-10 within a climate policy framework harmonized with other environmental policies can therefore be an effective driver of climate policy. An error analysis comparing results of the current model against those of significantly more spatially resolved models at city and national scales indicates errors caused by the low spatial resolution of the global model used here may be on the order of a factor of 2.
authors: Cambridge Centre for Climate Change Mitigation Research, Department of Land Economy, University of Cambridge, 19 Silver Street, Cambridge CB3 9EP, United Kingdom. djc77@cam.ac.uk
authors: Douglas
authors: D
authors: Crawford-Brown
authors: Pi-Cheng
authors: PC
authors: Chen
authors: Hsiu-Ching
authors: HC
authors: Shi
authors: Chia-Wei
authors: CW
authors: Chao
mesh_terms: D000397:Air Pollution / Q000032:analysis* / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000517:prevention & control*; D057231:Climate Change; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000379:methods; D058735:Environmental Policy; D006801:Humans; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D052638:Particulate Matter