title: Metabolomic profiling of urine: response to a randomised, controlled feeding study of select fruits and vegetables, and application to an observational study.
abstract: Metabolomic profiles were used to characterise the effects of consuming a high-phytochemical diet compared with a diet devoid of fruits and vegetables (F&V) in a randomised trial and cross-sectional study. In the trial, 8 h fasting urine from healthy men (n 5) and women (n 5) was collected after a 2-week randomised, controlled trial of two diet periods: a diet rich in cruciferous vegetables, citrus and soya (F&V), and a fruit- and vegetable-free (basal) diet. Among the ions found to differentiate the diets, 176 were putatively annotated with compound identifications, with forty-six supported by MS/MS fragment evidence. Metabolites more abundant in the F&V diet included markers of the dietary intervention (e.g. crucifers, citrus and soya), fatty acids and niacin metabolites. Ions more abundant in the basal diet included riboflavin, several acylcarnitines and amino acid metabolites. In the cross-sectional study, we compared the participants based on the tertiles of crucifers, citrus and soya from 3 d food records (n 36) and FFQ (n 57); intake was separately divided into the tertiles of total fruit and vegetable intake for FFQ. As a group, ions individually differential between the experimental diets differentiated the observational study participants. However, only four ions were significant individually, differentiating the third v. first tertile of crucifer, citrus and soya intake based on 3 d food records. One of these ions was putatively annotated: proline betaine, a marker of citrus consumption. There were no ions significantly distinguishing tertiles by FFQ. The metabolomic assessment of controlled dietary interventions provides a more accurate and stronger characterisation of the diet than observational data.
authors: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, M4-B402 Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
authors: Damon H
authors: DH
authors: May
authors: Sandi L
authors: SL
authors: Navarro
authors: Ingo
authors: I
authors: Ruczinski
authors: Jason
authors: J
authors: Hogan
authors: Yuko
authors: Y
authors: Ogata
authors: Yvonne
authors: Y
authors: Schwarz
authors: Lisa
authors: L
authors: Levy
authors: Ted
authors: T
authors: Holzman
authors: Martin W
authors: MW
authors: McIntosh
authors: Johanna W
authors: JW
authors: Lampe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D019607:Brassicaceae; D002331:Carnitine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000652:urine; D002957:Citrus; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D015930:Diet Records; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000652:urine; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit; D006801:Humans; D007477:Ions / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D055442:Metabolome; D055432:Metabolomics; D009525:Niacin / Q000652:urine; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D064209:Phytochemicals / Q000652:urine*; D011392:Proline / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000652:urine; D012256:Riboflavin / Q000652:urine; D013025:Glycine max; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014675:Vegetables; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D005227:Fatty Acids; D007477:Ions; D064209:Phytochemicals; C116917:acylcarnitine; D009525:Niacin; D011392:Proline; C003342:stachydrine; D002331:Carnitine; D012256:Riboflavin
references: Br J Nutr. 2011 Sep;106(6):812-24
references: 21736852
references: J Nutr. 2007 Apr;137(4):890-7
references: 17374650
references: Anal Chim Acta. 2012 Jan 20;711:7-16
references: 22152789
references: Proc Nutr Soc. 2008 Nov;67(4):404-8
references: 18847517
references: Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 Dec;86(6):1687-93
references: 18065587
references: Mol Nutr Food Res. 2009 Oct;53(10):1303-15
references: 19764066
references: Nucleic Acids Res. 2009 Jan;37(Database issue):D603-10
references: 18953024
references: Proc Nutr Soc. 2010 Feb;69(1):95-102
references: 19954566
references: Food Funct. 2011 Oct;2(10):579-87
references: 21935537
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Aug 5;100(16):9440-5
references: 12883005
references: Genet Epidemiol. 2009 Jul;33(5):432-41
references: 19140130
references: Bioinformatics. 2006 Aug 1;22(15):1902-9
references: 16766559
references: Metabolomics. 2007 Sep;3(3):211-221
references: 24039616
references: J Nutrigenet Nutrigenomics. 2011;4(2):110-8
references: 21625173
references: J Proteome Res. 2011 Jan 7;10(1):200-9
references: 20828217
references: Biochem Soc Trans. 2008 Oct;36(Pt 5):1071-6
references: 18793191
references: Biochim Biophys Acta. 2011 Nov;1811(11):669-79
references: 21683155
references: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2002 Jan;11(1):121-6
references: 11815409
references: J Am Coll Nutr. 1998 Jun;17(3):207-15
references: 9627906
references: Biostatistics. 2007 Apr;8(2):357-67
references: 16880200
references: J Proteome Res. 2011 Oct 7;10(10):4513-21
references: 21770373
references: Mass Spectrom Rev. 2007 Jan-Feb;26(1):51-78
references: 16921475
references: Cancer Causes Control. 2008 Dec;19(10):1085-93
references: 18478336
references: J Nutr. 2009 Mar;139(3):555-60
references: 19141701