title: Sleep-disordered breathing: effects on brain structure and function.
abstract: Sleep-disordered breathing is accompanied by neural injury that affects a wide range of physiological systems which include processes for sensing chemoreception and airflow, driving respiratory musculature, timing circuitry for coordination of breathing patterning, and integration of blood pressure mechanisms with respiration. The damage also occurs in regions mediating emotion and mood, as well as areas regulating memory and cognitive functioning, and appears in structures that serve significant glycemic control processes. The injured structures include brain areas involved in hormone release and action of major neurotransmitters, including those playing a role in depression. The injury is reflected in a range of structural magnetic resonance procedures, and also appears as functional distortions of evoked activity in brain areas mediating vital autonomic and breathing functions. The damage is preferentially unilateral, and includes axonal projections; the asymmetry of the injury poses unique concerns for sympathetic discharge and potential consequences for arrhythmia. Sleep-disordered breathing should be viewed as a condition that includes central nervous system injury and impaired function; the processes underlying injury remain unclear.
authors: Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Brain Research Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. Electronic address: rharper@ucla.edu.
authors: Ronald M
authors: RM
authors: Harper
authors: Rajesh
authors: R
authors: Kumar
authors: Jennifer A
authors: JA
authors: Ogren
authors: Paul M
authors: PM
authors: Macey
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000473:pathology; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006728:Hormones / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology
chemical_list: D006728:Hormones; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents
keywords: Autonomic; Congenital central hypoventilation; Dyspnea; Hypoxia; Magnetic resonance imaging; Neural injury; Obstructive sleep apnea
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