title: Improving Quality of Life for Patients with Major Depressive Disorder by Increasing Hope and Positive Expectations with Future Directed Therapy (FDT).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Impaired quality of life is a significant problem for people with major depressive disorder and is often not addressed through symptom remediation alone. This study examines a new therapy for the treatment for depression that focuses on reducing hopelessness and increasing positive future anticipation, which are factors posited to contribute to quality of life. The new treatment was compared to depressed patients in the same setting treated with group cognitive behavioral therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study used a quasi-experimental design to examine the differences between future directed therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy on improving quality of life in patients with major depressive disorder. The main variables assessed at pre and post-treatment were quality of life, depressive symptoms, and hopelessness.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outpatient Department of Psychiatry Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Participants: Twenty-two patients completed the future directed therapy intervention and 20 patients completed the cognitive behavioral therapy intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patient-reported outcomes were collected using the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms, the Beck Hopelessness Scale, and the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire-Short Form.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Though both treatments were effective at improving depression, hopelessness and positive future anticipation, those patients treated with future directed therapy demonstrated significant improvements in quality of life (p=0.002) while those treated in the cognitive behavioral therapy group did not (p=0.463). The magnitude of change for the main variables was significantly larger in the future directed therapy group and change in hopelessness and change in positive anticipation predicted change in quality of life in the future directed therapy group but not the cognitive behavioral therapy group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Future directed therapy is a useful treatment for patients with major depressive disorder and quality of life impairment.
authors: All authors are from Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California.
authors: Jennice S
authors: JS
authors: Vilhauer
authors: Julissa
authors: J
authors: Cortes
authors: Nazanin
authors: N
authors: Moali
authors: Sally
authors: S
authors: Chung
authors: James
authors: J
authors: Mirocha
authors: Waguih William
authors: WW
authors: Ishak
keywords: Major depressive disorder; cognitive behavioral therapy; future directed therapy; hopelessness; positive psychology; quality of life
references: J Clin Psychiatry. 1997 Nov;58(11):484-91
references: 9413414
references: Psychol Bull. 2001 Mar;127(2):267-86
references: 11316014
references: Behav Res Ther. 1997 Nov;35(11):1025-30
references: 9431732
references: J Affect Disord. 2004 Apr;79(1-3):63-70
references: 15023481
references: Psychiatry Res. 2011 Dec 30;194(3):263-270
references: 22079658
references: Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2000 Dec;34(6):1022-9
references: 11127612
references: Soc Sci Med. 2001 Mar;52(6):911-9
references: 11234864
references: Psychother Psychosom. 1998 Jul-Oct;67(4-5):266-70
references: 9693355
references: Depress Anxiety. 2001;13(1):18-27
references: 11233456
references: Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2004 Jan-Feb;26(1):13-7
references: 14757297
references: Harv Rev Psychiatry. 2011 Sep-Oct;19(5):229-39
references: 21916825
references: J Clin Psychiatry. 1998 Jun;59(6):306-12
references: 9671343
references: Psychotherapy (Chic). 2006 Summer;43(2):238-43
references: 22122041
references: J Consult Clin Psychol. 1974 Dec;42(6):861-5
references: 4436473
references: J Clin Psychiatry. 1998;59 Suppl 20:22-33;quiz 34-57
references: 9881538
references: Bull Menninger Clin. 2004 Spring;68(2):137-51
references: 15262616
references: Biol Psychiatry. 1998 Sep 1;44(5):348-60
references: 9755357
references: Am J Psychiatry. 2002 Mar;159(3):469-73
references: 11870014
references: Biol Psychiatry. 2003 Sep 1;54(5):573-83
references: 12946886
references: Psychol Med. 1997 Jul;27(4):973-7
references: 9234475
references: CNS Neurosci Ther. 2012 Feb;18(2):102-9
references: 21615882
references: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1992 Oct;49(10):774-81
references: 1417429
references: J Pers Soc Psychol. 1992 Feb;62(2):292-300
references: 1556661
references: Psychol Bull. 1975 Sep;82(5):738-83
references: 1103201
references: Pers Individ Dif. 2009 Jul 1;47(2):139-144
references: 19578529
references: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006 Jul 19;(3):CD004691
references: 16856055
references: Clin Psychol Psychother. 2009 Nov-Dec;16(6):485-96
references: 19475699
references: J Altern Complement Med. 2007 Jul-Aug;13(6):635-42
references: 17718646
references: J Abnorm Psychol. 1986 Feb;95(1):29-39
references: 3700844
references: J Affect Disord. 2012 Feb;136(3):1126-34
references: 22036801
references: Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2005 Jan 05;3:1
references: 15634354
references: QJM. 2000 Nov;93(11):739-44
references: 11077030
references: Nord J Psychiatry. 2002;56(4):261-4
references: 12470316
references: Ann Behav Med. 2008 Jun;35(3):331-40
references: 18535870
references: Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2008 Jan;21(1):37-42
references: 18281839
references: Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry. 2001 Feb;3(1):10-16
references: 15014623
references: Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2008 Aug;42(8):702-11
references: 18622778
references: Depress Anxiety. 2006;23(6):353-63
references: 16688742
references: Qual Life Res. 1995 Jun;4(3):259-69
references: 7613536
references: Psychol Health Med. 2000 May;5(2):155-161
references: 29156959
references: Am J Psychiatry. 2005 Jun;162(6):1171-8
references: 15930066
references: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1998 Jul;55(7):580-92
references: 9672048
references: Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry. 1999 Dec;1(6):174-179
references: 15014668
references: Trends Neurosci. 2012 Jan;35(1):68-77
references: 22177980
references: Psychooncology. 2010 Dec;19(12):1259-67
references: 20099255
references: J Pers Disord. 2004 Oct;18(5):459-66
references: 15519956
references: J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs. 2008 Dec;15(10):808-15
references: 19012672
references: Qual Life Res. 2013 Apr;22(3):585-96
references: 22544416
references: Psychopharmacol Bull. 1993;29(2):321-6
references: 8290681
references: J Abnorm Psychol. 1996 May;105(2):286-9
references: 8723011
references: Psychiatry Res. 2008 Sep 30;160(3):335-45
references: 18718673
references: J Clin Psychol. 1992 May;48(3):379-87
references: 1602029
references: Nord J Psychiatry. 2009;63(2):100-1
references: 19225987
references: J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2002 Feb;57(2):M134-7
references: 11818434
references: Psychosomatics. 2010 May-Jun;51(3):230-6
references: 20484721
references: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1989 Nov;46(11):971-82; discussion 983
references: 2684085
references: Med Care. 2007 May;45(5 Suppl 1):S3-S11
references: 17443116
references: Aging Ment Health. 2008 Nov;12(6):713-8
references: 19023722
references: Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1996 Jun;93(6):413-9
references: 8831856
references: Clin Psychol Rev. 2010 Apr;30(3):277-87
references: 20047783
references: Psychiatry Res. 2007 Jul 30;152(1):45-54
references: 17363070
references: J Couns Psychol. 2011 Oct;58(4):610-7
references: 21895357
references: Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 1999 Nov;14(6):329-37
references: 10565799