title: The expression status of CD133 is associated with the pattern and timing of primary glioblastoma recurrence.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Glioblastoma carries a poor prognosis primarily because of its high rate of recurrence. The ability to predict the recurrence pattern and timing would be highly useful for determining effective treatment strategies. We examined the correlation between prognostic factors and the pattern of recurrence in patients with primary glioblastoma. In particular, we examined whether there was a correlation between the expression of CD133 and glioblastoma recurrence.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively analyzed 112 patients with primary glioblastoma. The timing and pattern (local or distant) of the initial recurrence were obtained from medical records. To identify factors predictive of recurrence, we examined CD133 expression by Western blots and immunohistochemistry, clinical (age, sex, KPS, Ki67 labeling index, surgery, ventricular entry) and genetic (IDH1, 7p, 9p, 10q, MGMT) factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 112 patients, 99 suffered recurrence. The first recurrence was local in 77 patients and distant in 22 patients. Among the factors to predict the pattern of recurrence, CD133 expression was significantly higher in distant than in local recurrence. Of the factors to predict the timing of recurrence, high CD133 expression was associated with shorter time to distant recurrence in both univariate and multivariate analyses (P = .0011 and P = .038, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The expression of CD133 may be a predictor of the pattern and timing of recurrence of primary glioblastoma.
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
authors: Ichiyo
authors: I
authors: Shibahara
authors: Yukihiko
authors: Y
authors: Sonoda
authors: Ryuta
authors: R
authors: Saito
authors: Masayuki
authors: M
authors: Kanamori
authors: Yoji
authors: Y
authors: Yamashita
authors: Toshihiro
authors: T
authors: Kumabe
authors: Mika
authors: M
authors: Watanabe
authors: Hiroyoshi
authors: H
authors: Suzuki
authors: Takashi
authors: T
authors: Watanabe
authors: Chikashi
authors: C
authors: Ishioka
authors: Teiji
authors: T
authors: Tominaga
mesh_terms: D000071916:AC133 Antigen; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D010455:Peptides / Q000378:metabolism*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000071916:AC133 Antigen; D015703:Antigens, CD; D006023:Glycoproteins; C000606023:PROM1 protein, human; D010455:Peptides
keywords: CD133; distant recurrence; glioblastoma; local recurrence; stem cells
references: Cancer. 2006 Oct 15;107(8):1891-7
references: 16986124
references: Cancer Res. 2004 Oct 1;64(19):6892-9
references: 15466178
references: Cancer Res. 2010 Mar 1;70(5):2030-40
references: 20145155
references: Cancer Res. 2003 Sep 15;63(18):5821-8
references: 14522905
references: Cancer. 2012 Jan 1;118(1):232-40
references: 21713760
references: Neuro Oncol. 2008 Dec;10(6):1019-24
references: 18676355
references: N Engl J Med. 2009 Feb 19;360(8):765-73
references: 19228619
references: Glia. 2006 Dec;54(8):850-60
references: 16981197
references: J Neurooncol. 2011 Jan;101(2):319-23
references: 21052776
references: Nature. 2006 Dec 7;444(7120):756-60
references: 17051156
references: J Neurosurg. 2005 Apr;102(4):622-8
references: 15871503
references: Lancet Oncol. 2006 May;7(5):392-401
references: 16648043
references: Neuro Oncol. 2007 Oct;9(4):424-9
references: 17622647
references: J Mol Diagn. 2006 Sep;8(4):433-43
references: 16931583
references: Clin Cancer Res. 2008 Jan 1;14(1):123-9
references: 18172261
references: Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2009 Nov;151(11):1349-58
references: 19730774
references: N Engl J Med. 2005 Mar 10;352(10):997-1003
references: 15758010
references: Neurology. 2011 Feb 1;76(5):432-7
references: 21282590
references: J Clin Oncol. 2008 Jun 20;26(18):3015-24
references: 18565887
references: Neurosurg Rev. 2010 Apr;33(2):175-83; discussion 183-4
references: 20135187
references: J Clin Oncol. 2009 Mar 10;27(8):1275-9
references: 19188675
references: Nature. 2004 Nov 18;432(7015):396-401
references: 15549107
references: Nat Methods. 2010 Mar;7(3):224-8
references: 20173750
references: Cancer Res. 2007 May 1;67(9):4010-5
references: 17483311
references: Int J Clin Oncol. 2012 Dec;17(6):551-61
references: 21971842
references: J Clin Oncol. 2009 Dec 1;27(34):5743-50
references: 19805672
references: J Neurooncol. 2004 Jan;66(1-2):209-16
references: 15015789
references: Int J Clin Oncol. 2010 Aug;15(4):352-8
references: 20232102
references: J Clin Neurosci. 2004 Jan;11(1):37-41
references: 14642363
references: Cancer Sci. 2009 Oct;100(10):1996-8
references: 19765000
references: Lab Invest. 2008 Aug;88(8):808-15
references: 18560366
references: J Neurosurg. 1994 May;80(5):834-9
references: 8169622
references: Cancer. 2011 Jan 1;117(1):162-74
references: 20806346
references: Lancet Oncol. 2011 Oct;12(11):997-1003
references: 21868284
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Dec 9;100(25):15178-83
references: 14645703
references: N Engl J Med. 2008 Jan 3;358(1):18-27
references: 18172171
references: J Natl Cancer Inst. 2001 Aug 15;93(16):1246-56
references: 11504770
references: Ann Surg Oncol. 2011 Oct;18(10):2937-45
references: 21479688
references: J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2008 Dec 24;27:85
references: 19108713
references: J Neurooncol. 2003 Jun;63(2):191-9
references: 12825824
references: Am J Clin Pathol. 2007 Apr;127(4):585-90
references: 17369134