title: Effects of whey proteins on glycaemia and insulinaemia to an oral glucose load in healthy adults; a dose-response study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Whey proteins have insulinogenic properties and the effect appears to be mediated from a postprandial plasma amino-acid (AA) response. The aim was to study the possible dose-response relationship between whey intake and glycaemic-, insulinaemic- and plasma AA responses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve healthy volunteers participated in the study. They were provided three whey protein drinks, containing 4.5, 9 or 18 g protein as breakfast meals in random order. All meals contained 25 g available carbohydrates (glucose). The same amount of glucose in water was used as reference.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Linear dose-response relations were found between whey protein intake and postprandial glycaemia, insulinaemia and plasma AAs. The two highest doses, 18 g and 9 g, significantly reduced postprandial glycaemia (incremental area under the curve (iAUC) 0-120 min; P ≤ 0.05). The 18 g dose significantly increased the insulin response (iAUC 0-120 min; P ≤ 0.05). All measured plasma AAs (15 in total), except glutamic acid, responded in a dose-dependent way, and the 9 and 18 g doses resulted in significantly higher plasma levels of AAs compared with the reference.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Whey protein affects glycaemia, insulinaemia and plasma AAs to a glucose load in a dose-dependent manner. Comparatively low doses of whey protein (9 g) reduced postprandial glycaemia significantly when added to a carbohydrate-rich meal.
authors: Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. ulrika.gunnerud@appliednutrition.lth.se
authors: U J
authors: UJ
authors: Gunnerud
authors: E M
authors: EM
authors: Ostman
authors: I M E
authors: IM
authors: Björck
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000097:blood*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D062408:Breakfast; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D038321:Glycemic Index / Q000187:drug effects*; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D016014:Linear Models; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019518:Postprandial Period / Q000187:drug effects; D000067816:Whey Proteins; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D008894:Milk Proteins; D000067816:Whey Proteins