title: Complications of vision loss and ophthalmoplegia during endoscopic sinus surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe two rare cases of concurrent vision loss and external ophthalmoplegia following powered endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational case report.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The records of two patients who underwent powered ESS and developed multiple concurrent ophthalmic complications were retrospectively reviewed for clinical history, neuro-ophthalmologic examination, and imaging findings. Patient 1 developed a retinal vascular occlusion and complete loss of adduction. Patient 2 developed an orbital hemorrhage, optic neuropathy, and a restrictive global ophthalmoplegia. Similar published case reports were also reviewed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite advances in powered ESS technique and instrumentation, serious ophthalmic complications can still occur. Inadvertent entry into the medial orbital wall can result in a combination of blindness and ocular motility dysfunction. The variety of mechanisms responsible for these complications underscores the importance of thorough pre- and postoperative clinical examination and review of imaging studies.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel ; Department of Ophthalmology, Duke Eye Center and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
authors: Idit
authors: I
authors: Maharshak
authors: Jenny K
authors: JK
authors: Hoang
authors: M Tariq
authors: MT
authors: Bhatti
keywords: blindness; extra ocular muscle injury; orbit; sinus surgery
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