title: Measuring spirituality and religiosity in clinical research: a systematic review of instruments available in the Portuguese language.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Despite numerous spirituality and/or religiosity (S/R) measurement tools for use in research worldwide, there is little information on S/R instruments in the Portuguese language. The aim of the present study was to map out the S/R scales available for research in the Portuguese language.
  
  
  METHODS
  Systematic review of studies found in databases.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic review was conducted in three phases. Phases 1 and 2: articles in Portuguese, Spanish and English, published up to November 2011, dealing with the Portuguese translation and/or validation of S/R measurement tools for clinical research, were selected from six databases. Phase 3: the instruments were grouped according to authorship, cross-cultural adaptation, internal consistency, concurrent and discriminative validity and test-retest procedures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty instruments were found. Forty-five percent of these evaluated religiosity, 40% spirituality, 10% religious/spiritual coping and 5% S/R. Among these, 90% had been produced in (n = 3) or translated to (n = 15) Brazilian Portuguese and two (10%) solely to European Portuguese. Nevertheless, the majority of the instruments had not undergone in-depth psychometric analysis. Only 40% of the instruments presented concurrent validity, 45% discriminative validity and 15% a test-retest procedure. The characteristics of each instrument were analyzed separately, yielding advantages, disadvantages and psychometric properties.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Currently, 20 instruments for measuring S/R are available in the Portuguese language. Most have been translated (n = 15) or developed (n = 3) in Brazil and present good internal consistency. Nevertheless, few instruments have been assessed regarding all their psychometric qualities.
authors: Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora UFJF, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Hospital João Evangelista and Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo FMUSP, São Paulo, Brazil. g.lucchetti@yahoo.com.br
authors: Giancarlo
authors: G
authors: Lucchetti
authors: Alessandra Lamas Granero
authors: AL
authors: Lucchetti
authors: Homero
authors: H
authors: Vallada
mesh_terms: D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000295:instrumentation; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D012067:Religion; D029181:Spirituality; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D014177:Translations; D054928:Validation Studies as Topic
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