title: Influence of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on stereotypic behavior and dopamine levels in rats with Tourette syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tourette syndrome (TS) is a heterogeneous neuropsychiatric disorder. Chronic motor and phonic tics are central symptoms in TS patients. For some patients, tics are intractable to any traditional treatment and cause lifelong impairment and life-threatening symptoms. New therapies should be developed to address symptoms and overt manifestations of TS. Transplantation of neurogenic stem cells might be a viable approach in TS treatment.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We used mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation to treat TS. We discuss the mechanism of action, as well as the efficiency of this approach, in treating TS.
  
  
  METHODS
  An autoimmune TS animal model was adopted in the present study. Forty-eight Wistar rats were randomly allocated to the control group and the 2 experimental groups, namely, TS rats+vehicle and TS rats+MSC. MSCs were co-cultured with 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) for 24 h for labeling prior to grafting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Stereotypic behaviors were recorded at 1, 7, 14, and 28 days after transplantation. Dopamine (DA) content in the striatum of rats in the 3 groups was measured using a high-performance liquid chromatography column equipped with an electrochemical detector (HPLC-ECD) on day 28 after transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Statistical analysis was performed by repeated measurements analysis of variance to evaluate stereotypic behavior counts at different time points.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TS rats exhibited higher stereotypic behavioral counts compared with the control group. One week after transplantation, TS rats with MSC grafts exhibited significantly decreased stereotypic behavior. Rats with MSC grafts also showed reduced levels of DA in the striatum when compared with TS rats, which were exposed only to the vehicle.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intrastriatal transplantation of MSCs can provide relief from the stereotypic behavior of TS. Our results indicate that this approach may have potential for developing therapies against TS. The mechanism(s) of the observed effect may be related to the suppression of DA system by decreasing the content of DA in TS rats.
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China.
authors: Xiumei
authors: X
authors: Liu
authors: Xueming
authors: X
authors: Wang
authors: Lixia
authors: L
authors: Li
authors: Haiyan
authors: H
authors: Wang
authors: Xiaoling
authors: X
authors: Jiao
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000818:Animals; D002648:Child; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D017072:Neostriatum / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013239:Stereotyped Behavior; D005879:Tourette Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D004298:Dopamine
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