title: Managing NIF safety equipment in a high neutron and gamma radiation environment.
abstract: The National Ignition Facility (NIF) is a 192 laser beam facility that supports the Inertial Confinement Fusion program. During the ignition experimental campaign, the NIF is expected to perform shots with varying fusion yield producing 14 MeV neutrons up to 20 MJ or 7.1 × 10(18) neutrons per shot and a maximum annual yield of 1,200 MJ. Several infrastructure support systems will be exposed to varying high yield shots over the facility's 30-y life span. In response to this potential exposure, analysis and testing of several facility safety systems have been conducted. A detailed MCNP (Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport Code) model has been developed for the NIF facility, and it includes most of the major structures inside the Target Bay. The model has been used in the simulation of expected neutron and gamma fluences throughout the Target Bay. Radiation susceptible components were identified and tested to fluences greater than 10(13) (n cm(-2)) for 14 MeV neutrons and γ-ray equivalent. The testing includes component irradiation using a 60Co gamma source and accelerator-based irradiation using 4- and 14- MeV neutron sources. The subsystem implementation in the facility is based on the fluence estimates after shielding and survivability guidelines derived from the dose maps and component tests results. This paper reports on the evaluation and implementation of mitigations for several infrastructure safety support systems, including video, oxygen monitoring, pressure monitors, water sensing systems, and access control interfaces found at the NIF.
authors: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94551-9900, USA. Datte1@llnl.gov
authors: Philip
authors: P
authors: Datte
authors: Mark
authors: M
authors: Eckart
authors: Mark
authors: M
authors: Jackson
authors: Hesham
authors: H
authors: Khater
authors: Stacie
authors: S
authors: Manuel
authors: Mark
authors: M
authors: Newton
mesh_terms: D002140:California; D005160:Facility Design and Construction; D005720:Gamma Rays / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007834:Lasers; D009502:Neutrons / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009681:Nuclear Fusion; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000517:prevention & control; D011834:Radiation Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D017751:Safety Management / Q000379:methods*