title: Autoimmune hepatitis in diverse ethnic populations and geographical regions.
abstract: Autoimmune hepatitis has diverse clinical phenotypes and outcomes in ethnic groups within a country and between countries, and these differences may reflect genetic predispositions, indigenous etiological agents, pharmacogenomic mechanisms and socioeconomic reasons. In the USA, African-American patients have cirrhosis more commonly, treatment failure more frequently and higher mortality than white American patients. Survival is poorest in Asian-American patients. Autoimmune hepatitis in other countries is frequently associated with genetic predispositions that may favor susceptibility to indigenous etiological agents. Cholestatic features influence treatment response; acute-on-chronic liver disease increases mortality and socioeconomic and cultural factors affect prognosis. Ethnic-based deviations from classical phenotypes and the frequency of late-stage disease can complicate the diagnosis and management of autoimmune hepatitis in non-white populations.
authors: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. czaja.albert@mayo.edu
authors: Albert J
authors: AJ
authors: Czaja
mesh_terms: D005006:Ethnicity / Q000235:genetics; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D054625:Healthcare Disparities / Q000208:ethnology; D019693:Hepatitis, Autoimmune / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D010641:Phenotype; D011379:Prognosis; D044469:Racial Groups / Q000235:genetics; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors