title: Effects of a meal rich in medium-chain saturated fat on postprandial lipemia in relatives of type 2 diabetics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patients with type 2 diabetes and their relatives (REL) have increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Postprandial triglyceridemia (PPL), which is influenced by diet, is an independent risk factor for CVD. Little is known about the effects of medium-chain saturated fatty acids (medium-chain SFA) on PPL and gene expression in REL. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that medium-chain SFA cause larger PPL response in REL compared with controls (CON) and have a differential effect on circulating incretins and ghrelin and gene expression in muscle and adipose tissue in REL and CON.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen REL and 17 CON received a fat-rich meal (79 energy percent from fat) based on medium-chain SFA (coconut oil). Plasma concentrations of triglycerides (TG), free-fatty acids, insulin, glucose, glucagon-like peptide-1, glucose-dependent insulintropic peptide, and ghrelin were measured before and during 240 min postprandially. Muscle and adipose tissue biopsies were taken at baseline and after the test meal.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After the test meal, REL had a higher plasma TG response (P = 0.002) and a tendency toward higher insulin response (P = 0.100). A number of genes were upregulated in response to the meal rich in medium-chain SFA in CON, but not in REL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A meal high in medium-chain SFA resulted in larger PPL response in REL than in CON. It remains to be clarified whether this can be reproduced by a pure medium-chain fat (MCT) load. The meal exerted a differential effect on gene expression in muscle, but not adipose tissue, of REL compared with CON.
authors: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism MEA, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark. annapiet@rm.dk
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Pietraszek
authors: Kjeld
authors: K
authors: Hermansen
authors: Steen B
authors: SB
authors: Pedersen
authors: Bente L
authors: BL
authors: Langdahl
authors: Jens J
authors: JJ
authors: Holst
authors: Søren
authors: S
authors: Gregersen
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D054439:Ghrelin / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology; D054795:Incretins / Q000097:blood; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D062407:Meals; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D019518:Postprandial Period / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004041:Dietary Fats; D005227:Fatty Acids; D054439:Ghrelin; D054795:Incretins; D007328:Insulin; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol