title: Role of the placenta in adverse perinatal outcomes among HIV-1 seropositive women.
abstract: Women seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) are at an increased risk for a number of adverse perinatal outcomes. Although efforts to reduce mother-to-child transmission of HIV (MTCT) remain a priority in resource-limited countries, HIV testing and treatment have led to steep declines in MTCT in well-resourced countries. Even so, HIV seropositive pregnant women in the United States continue to deliver a disproportionately high number of preterm and low birth weight infants. In this mini-review, we address the role of the placenta in such HIV-related perinatal sequelae. We posit that adverse perinatal outcomes may result from two mutually non-exclusive routes: (1) HIV infection of the placenta proper, potentially leading to impaired maternal-fetal exchange; and (2) infection of the maternal decidual microenvironment, possibly disrupting normal placental implantation and development. Further research into the relationship between HIV-1 infection and placental pathology may lead to the development of novel strategies to improve birth outcomes among HIV-1 seropositive parturients.
authors: Laboratory of Perinatal Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA. william.ackerman@osumc.edu
authors: William
authors: W
authors: Ackerman
authors: Jesse J
authors: JJ
authors: Kwiek
mesh_terms: D002821:Chorioamnionitis / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000150:complications / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D010920:Placenta / Q000821:virology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome
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