title: Hypoglycemic and anti-hyperglycemic study of Gynura procumbens leaf extracts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the antidiabetic activity of Gynura procumbens (G. procumbens) used in the traditional management of diabetes in Southern Asia.
  
  
  METHODS
  G. procumbens leaves were extracted sequentially with graded percentage of ethanol in water (95%, 75%, 50%, 25% and 0%), and the extracts were tested for antidiabetic activity using acute (7 h), subcutaneous glucose tolerance test and sub-chronic (14 d) test in non-diabetic and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The extracts were further subjected to phytochemical studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In acute dose (1 g/kg), the extracts significantly lowered fasting blood glucose (FBG) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats (P<0.05). However, the FBG-lowering effect of the 25% extract compared to the other extracts, was rapid (47% after 2 h) and the highest: 53%, 53% and 60% in the 3rd, 5th, and 7th h, respectively (P<0.05), comparable only to the effect of metformin. Furthermore, the extracts suppressed peak FBG in subcutaneous glucose tolerance test, but only the 0% and 25% extracts, and metformin sustained the decrease until the 90th min (P<0.05). Moreover, in the 14 days study, the 25% extract exerted the highest FBG-lowering effect, namely 49.38% and 65.43% on days 7 and 14, respectively (P<0.05), similar to the effect of metformin (46.26% and 65.42%). Total flavanoid and phenolic contents in the extracts were found to decrease with increase in polarity of extraction solvents. The composition of reference compounds (chlorogenic acid, rutin, astragalin and kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside) followed a similar trend.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  G. procumbens contains antidiabetic principles, most extracted in 25% ethanol. Interaction among active components appears to determine the antidiabetic efficacy, achieved likely by a metformin-like mechanism.
authors: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia.
authors: Khalid
authors: K
authors: Algariri
authors: Kuong Y
authors: KY
authors: Meng
authors: Item J
authors: IJ
authors: Atangwho
authors: Mohd Z
authors: MZ
authors: Asmawi
authors: Amirin
authors: A
authors: Sadikun
authors: Vikneswaran
authors: V
authors: Murugaiyah
authors: Norhyati
authors: N
authors: Ismail
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019659:Asteraceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000737:chemistry; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008687:Metformin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry; D064209:Phytochemicals / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D005419:Flavonoids; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D010636:Phenols; D064209:Phytochemicals; D010936:Plant Extracts; D008687:Metformin
keywords: Antidiabetic; Fasting blood glucose; Flavanoids; Gynura procumbens; Phenolics; Streptozotocin-induced diabetes; Subcutaneous glucose tolerance test
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