title: Risk factors for high blood pressure in low income children aged 3-4 years.
abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary sodium intake on blood pressure among low income children aged 3-4 years. Data were collected during a randomized trial conducted in São Leopoldo, Brazil, with 500 mother-child pairs recruited from the maternity ward of a local hospital. Breastfeeding data were obtained during the children's first year of life. At 3 to 4 years of age, children's anthropometric, dietary, and blood pressure assessments were obtained. Sodium intake was estimated from two multiple-pass 24-h dietary recalls. Systolic blood pressure > 90th percentile for age, sex, and height was classified as high systolic blood pressure, according to the population-based percentiles provided by the Task Force on Hypertension Control in Children and Adolescents. Blood pressure data were obtained from 331 children at 3 to 4 years. The mean value of systolic blood pressure was 91.31 mmHg (SD = 8.30 mmHg) and 5.2% (n = 17) presented high systolic blood pressure. The results of the multivariable analyses showed that children who consumed more than 1,200 mg of sodium/day and with waist-to-height ratio higher than 0.5 presented, respectively, 3.32 (95%CI 0.98-11.22) and 8.81 (95%CI 2.13-36.31) greater risk of having high systolic blood pressure. Exclusive breastfeeding, child overweight and change in body mass index z score during the first year of life were not associated with the outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study suggest that at preschool age sodium intake and high waist-to-height ratio are risk factors for high systolic blood pressure.
authors: Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Rua Sarmento Leite 245, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil 90050-170. vitolo@ufcspa.edu.br
authors: Márcia Regina
authors: MR
authors: Vitolo
authors: Maria Laura
authors: ML
authors: da Costa Louzada
authors: Fernanda
authors: F
authors: Rauber
authors: Paula Dal Bó
authors: PD
authors: Campagnolo
mesh_terms: D000886:Anthropometry; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D057140:Fast Foods / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011203:Poverty; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012982:Sodium, Dietary / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D012982:Sodium, Dietary
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