title: Synthesis and application of cNGR-containing imaging agents for detection of angiogenesis.
abstract: Angiogenesis is a multi-step process regulated by pro- and anti-angiogenic factors. Inhibition of angiogenesis is a potential anti cancer treatment strategy that is now investigated clinically. In addition, advances in the understanding of the angiogenic process have led to the development of new angiogenesis therapies for ischemic heart disease. Currently, researchers search for objective measures that indicate pharmacological responses to pro- and anti-angiogenic drugs and therefore, there is a great interest in techniques to visualize angiogenesis noninvasively. As CD13 is selectively expressed in angiogenic blood vessels, it can serve as a target for molecular imaging tracers to noninvasively visualize angiogenic processes in animal models and patients. Here, an overview on the currently used CD13 targeted molecular imaging probes for noninvasive visualization of angiogenesis is given.
authors: Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands. I.Dijkgraaf@maastrichtuniversity.nl
authors: Ingrid
authors: I
authors: Dijkgraaf
authors: Pieter
authors: P
authors: Van de Vijver
authors: Anouk
authors: A
authors: Dirksen
authors: Tilman M
authors: TM
authors: Hackeng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D057054:Molecular Imaging; D015335:Molecular Probes / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D015335:Molecular Probes; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; C551526:cyclo(aspargyl-glycyl-arginyl)
references: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2013 Feb;33(2):249-56
references: 23241413
references: Circulation. 2004 Nov 2;110(18):2843-50
references: 15505090
references: Cardiovasc Res. 1999 Feb;41(2):443-9
references: 10341843
references: Cancer Res. 2008 Sep 15;68(18):7676-83
references: 18794157
references: Chem Rev. 1999 Sep 8;99(9):2293-352
references: 11749483
references: Cancer Res. 2000 Feb 1;60(3):722-7
references: 10676659
references: Nat Biotechnol. 1997 Jun;15(6):542-6
references: 9181576
references: Cancer Res. 2008 Sep 1;68(17):7073-82
references: 18757422
references: Curr Opin Cell Biol. 1998 Apr;10(2):159-64
references: 9561839
references: Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 1998 Nov 2;37(20):2754-2794
references: 29711117
references: Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2004 Sep;31(9):1327-41
references: 15300415
references: Science. 1995 Dec 1;270(5241):1500-2
references: 7491498
references: Semin Vasc Med. 2003 Feb;3(1):3-12
references: 15199487
references: Mol Pharm. 2013 Jan 7;10(1):417-27
references: 23190134
references: J Cell Biol. 1994 Feb;124(3):373-80
references: 7507494
references: Nat Med. 1996 May;2(5):529-33
references: 8616710
references: J Pathol. 1999 Jun;188(2):189-96
references: 10398163
references: Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2010 Nov 22;49(48):9278-81
references: 20957712
references: Hum Pathol. 1995 Apr;26(4):450-6
references: 7535741
references: J Biol Chem. 1998 Feb 6;273(6):3604-10
references: 9452488
references: Biotechnology (N Y). 1995 Mar;13(3):265-70
references: 9634769
references: Org Lett. 2004 Dec 23;6(26):4857-60
references: 15606084
references: Cardiovasc Res. 1999 Mar;41(3):586-93
references: 10435030
references: Trends Mol Med. 2008 Aug;14(8):361-71
references: 18603472
references: Contrast Media Mol Imaging. 2010 Jan-Feb;5(1):9-17
references: 20101742
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Aug 31;96(18):10068-73
references: 10468563
references: Semin Cancer Biol. 1995 Oct;6(5):279-88
references: 8562905
references: Science. 1998 Jan 16;279(5349):377-80
references: 9430587
references: N Engl J Med. 2003 Dec 11;349(24):2316-25
references: 14668457
references: Chem Commun (Camb). 2005 Jun 14;(22):2811-3
references: 15928766
references: J Cell Sci. 2011 Feb 15;124(Pt 4):515-22
references: 21282473
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Mar 13;104(11):4588-93
references: 17360568
references: Circulation. 2004 Oct 5;110(14):2032-8
references: 15451780
references: Circulation. 2010 May 4;121(17):1941-50
references: 20404256
references: Small. 2009 Mar;5(5):544-57
references: 19226595
references: Blood. 2008 Oct 1;112(7):2628-35
references: 18574027
references: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006 Dec;26(12):2681-7
references: 16990557
references: Cell. 1998 May 1;93(3):411-22
references: 9590175
references: Int J Pept Protein Res. 1992 Sep-Oct;40(3-4):180-93
references: 1478777
references: J Biol Chem. 1993 Sep 25;268(27):20205-10
references: 7690752
references: Blood. 2001 Feb 1;97(3):652-9
references: 11157481
references: Biochemistry. 1995 Mar 28;34(12):3948-55
references: 7535098
references: Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2007 Jun;34 Suppl 1:S9-19
references: 17479264
references: Med Res Rev. 2006 Jan;26(1):88-130
references: 16216010
references: Circulation. 2010 Feb 16;121(6):775-83
references: 20124125
references: Adv Exp Med Biol. 2000;477:25-34
references: 10849727
references: Chem Commun (Camb). 2006 Apr 21;(15):1667-9
references: 16583014
references: Science. 1994 Nov 4;266(5186):776-9
references: 7973629