title: Crystallographic texture and elemental composition mapped in bovine root dentin at the 200 nm level.
abstract: The relationship between the mineralization of peritubular dentin (PTD) and intertubular dentin (ITD) is not well understood. Tubules are quite small, diameter ∼2 µm, and this makes the near-tubule region of dentin difficult to study. Here, advanced characterization techniques are applied in a novel way to examine what organic or nanostructural signatures may indicate the end of ITD or the beginning of PTD mineralization. X-ray fluorescence intensity (Ca, P, and Zn) and X-ray diffraction patterns from carbonated apatite (cAp) were mapped around dentintubules at resolutions ten times smaller than the feature size (200 nm pixels), representing a 36% increase in resolution over earlier work. In the near tubule volumes of near-pulp, root dentin, Zn intensity was higher than in ITD remote from the tubules. This increase in Zn(2+), as determined by X-ray absorption near edge structure analysis, may indicate the presence of metalloenzymes or transcription factors important to ITD or PTD mineralization. The profiles of the cAp 00.2 X-ray diffraction rings were fitted with a pseudo-Voigt function, and the spatial and azimuthal distribution of these rings' integrated intensities indicated that the cAp platelets were arranged with their c-axes aligned tangential to the edge of the tubule lumen. This texture was continuous throughout the dentin indicating a lack of structural difference between in the Zn rich near-tubular region and the remote ITD.
authors: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois.
authors: A C
authors: AC
authors: Deymier-Black
authors: Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Veis
authors: Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois.
authors: Z
authors: Z
authors: Cai
authors: Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.
authors: S R
authors: SR
authors: Stock
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001031:Apatites / Q000032:analysis*; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis*; D002417:Cattle; D003804:Dentin / Q000737:chemistry*; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000032:analysis*; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000737:chemistry*; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction; D015032:Zinc / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D001031:Apatites; D010758:Phosphorus; D015032:Zinc; D002118:Calcium
keywords: X‐ray diffraction mapping; X‐ray fluorescence mapping; dentin; tubule; zinc
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