title: Modifiable risk factors for depressed mood among farmers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Risk for depression among farmers is not fully understood. DSM-IV considers sadness or depressed mood a critical symptom of depression. The aim of this study was to examine risk factors for depressed mood among farmers using a longitudinal study design.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were principal farm operators in the Iowa Certified Safe Farm study. We identified risk factors for depressed mood by calculating relative risks (RR) using the generalized estimating equations method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the multivariate model, pesticide exposure (RR = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.53), having an additional job off the farm (RR = 1.32; 95% CI: 1.08 to 1.62), stress (RR = 3.09; 95% CI: 2.55 to 3.75), and previous injury (RR = 1.41; 95% CI: 1.05 to 1.89) prospectively increased the risk of depressed mood.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Consistent with earlier non-longitudinal studies, the results of this study suggest that reducing pesticide exposure, stress, and injury may reduce the risk of depression in the farm setting.
authors: Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Springfield, IL, USA.
authors: Obiora E
authors: OE
authors: Onwuameze
authors: Sergio
authors: S
authors: Paradiso
authors: Corinne
authors: C
authors: Peek-Asa
authors: Kelley J
authors: KJ
authors: Donham
authors: Risto H
authors: RH
authors: Rautiainen
mesh_terms: D000382:Agricultural Workers' Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007484:Iowa / Q000453:epidemiology; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods; D010575:Pesticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D010575:Pesticides