title: External cervical resorption: an analysis using cone beam and microfocus computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To provide a three-dimensional representation of external cervical resorption (ECR) with microscopy, stereo microscopy, cone beam computed tomography (CT), microfocus CT and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  External cervical resorption is an aggressive form of root resorption, leading to a loss of dental hard tissues. This is due to clastic action, activated by a damage of the covering cementum and stimulated probably by infection. Clinically, it is a challenging situation as it is characterized by a late symptomatology. This is due to the pericanalar protection from a resorption-resistant sheet, composed of pre-dentine and surrounding dentine. The clastic activity is often associated with an attempt to repair, seen by the formation of osteoid tissue.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cone beam CT is extremely useful in the diagnoses and treatment planning of ECR. SEM analyses provide a better insight into the activity of osteoclasts. The root canal is surrounded by a layer of dentine that is resistant to resorption.
authors: Department of Oral Health Sciences, Section Endodontics, BIOMAT Research Cluster, KU, Leuven, Belgium. gunstveerle@hotmail.com
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Gunst
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Mavridou
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Huybrechts
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Van Gorp
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Bergmans
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Lambrechts
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D003739:Dental Cementum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003804:Dentin / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D008853:Microscopy; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000648:ultrastructure; D016300:Radiography, Bitewing; D019252:Radiography, Dental, Digital; D012391:Root Resorption / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D019237:Tooth Cervix / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000648:ultrastructure
keywords: computed tomography; cone beam; external cervical resorption; hypoxia; microfocus; osteoclasts; osteodentine; resorption-resistant sheet; scanning electron microscopy