title: Waning of maternal antibodies against measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in communities with contrasting vaccination coverage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The combined measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine has been successfully administered for >20 years. Because of this, protection by maternal antibodies in infants born to vaccinated mothers might be negatively affected.
  
  
  METHODS
  A large cross-sectional serologic survey was conducted in the Netherlands during 2006-2007. We compared the kinetics of antibody concentrations in children and women of childbearing age in the highly vaccinated general population with those in orthodox Protestant communities that were exposed to outbreaks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The estimated duration of protection by maternal antibodies among infants in the general population, most of whom were born to vaccinated mothers, was short: 3.3 months for measles, 2.7 months for mumps, 3.9 months for rubella, and 3.4 months for varicella. The duration of protection against measles was 2 months longer for infants born in the orthodox communities, most of whom had unvaccinated mothers. For rubella, mothers in the orthodox communities had higher concentrations of antibodies as compared to the general population.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children of mothers vaccinated against measles and, possibly, rubella have lower concentrations of maternal antibodies and lose protection by maternal antibodies at an earlier age than children of mothers in communities that oppose vaccination. This increases the risk of disease transmission in highly vaccinated populations.
authors: Department of Epidemiology and Surveillance, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands. sandra.waaijenborg@rivm.nl
authors: Sandra
authors: S
authors: Waaijenborg
authors: Susan J M
authors: SJ
authors: Hahné
authors: Liesbeth
authors: L
authors: Mollema
authors: Gaby P
authors: GP
authors: Smits
authors: Guy A M
authors: GA
authors: Berbers
authors: Fiona R M
authors: FR
authors: van der Klis
authors: Hester E
authors: HE
authors: de Melker
authors: Jacco
authors: J
authors: Wallinga
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D002644:Chickenpox / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017589:Immunization Programs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007223:Infant; D008457:Measles / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D022542:Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009035:Mothers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009107:Mumps / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D012409:Rubella / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D022542:Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine
keywords: MMR vaccination; maternal antibodies; waning
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