title: Upconversion nanoparticles for photodynamic therapy and other cancer therapeutics.
abstract: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a non-invasive treatment modality for a variety of diseases including cancer. PDT based on upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) has received much attention in recent years. Under near-infrared (NIR) light excitation, UCNPs are able to emit high-energy visible light, which can activate surrounding photosensitizer (PS) molecules to produce singlet oxygen and kill cancer cells. Owing to the high tissue penetration ability of NIR light, NIR-excited UCNPs can be used to activate PS molecules in much deeper tissues compared to traditional PDT induced by visible or ultraviolet (UV) light. In addition to the application of UCNPs as an energy donor in PDT, via similar mechanisms, they could also be used for the NIR light-triggered drug release or activation of 'caged' imaging or therapeutic molecules. In this review, we will summarize the latest progresses regarding the applications of UCNPs for photodynamic therapy, NIR triggered drug and gene delivery, as well as several other UCNP-based cancer therapeutic approaches. The future prospects and challenges in this emerging field will be also discussed.
authors: Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials-FUNSOM, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
authors: Chao
authors: C
authors: Wang
authors: Liang
authors: L
authors: Cheng
authors: Zhuang
authors: Z
authors: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D006801:Humans; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010778:Photochemotherapy; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared
chemical_list: D017319:Photosensitizing Agents
keywords: Photodynamic therapy; Upconversion nanoparticles.
references: Chem Asian J. 2012 Apr;7(4):830-7
references: 22279027
references: Analyst. 2010 Aug;135(8):1839-54
references: 20485777
references: Nat Mater. 2011 Oct 23;10(12):968-73
references: 22019945
references: Ther Deliv. 2011 Oct;2(10):1235-9
references: 22826879
references: Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2011 Aug 1;50(32):7385-90
references: 21714049
references: J Am Chem Soc. 2011 Nov 2;133(43):17122-5
references: 21957992
references: Biomaterials. 2009 Oct;30(28):5104-13
references: 19539368
references: J Am Chem Soc. 2007 Apr 18;129(15):4526-7
references: 17385866
references: Biomaterials. 2011 Dec;32(35):9364-73
references: 21880364
references: Clin Cancer Res. 2008 Oct 15;14(20):6564-73
references: 18927297
references: Biomaterials. 2011 Feb;32(4):1110-20
references: 20965564
references: Biomaterials. 2011 Feb;32(4):1148-56
references: 20965563
references: Curr Opin Chem Biol. 2010 Oct;14(5):582-96
references: 20829098
references: ACS Nano. 2012 Apr 24;6(4):3327-38
references: 22435911
references: J Am Chem Soc. 2011 Dec 14;133(49):19714-7
references: 22082025
references: Nanoscale. 2013 Jan 7;5(1):23-37
references: 23135546
references: Nanomedicine (Lond). 2008 Feb;3(1):73-82
references: 18393642
references: Nat Med. 2012 Oct;18(10):1580-5
references: 22983397
references: Opt Express. 2009 Jan 5;17(1):80-6
references: 19129875
references: Small. 2010 Dec 20;6(24):2781-95
references: 21064086
references: Adv Mater. 2012 Nov 8;24(42):5755-61
references: 22915170
references: Nat Rev Cancer. 2006 Jul;6(7):535-45
references: 16794636
references: Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2011 Oct 24;50(44):10369-72
references: 21915972
references: Anticancer Res. 2001 Nov-Dec;21(6B):4271-7
references: 11908681
references: Biomaterials. 2011 Jun;32(17):4161-73
references: 21435712
references: Chem Rev. 2004 Jan;104(1):139-73
references: 14719973
references: Biomaterials. 2008 Oct;29(30):4122-8
references: 18675453
references: Photochem Photobiol Sci. 2002 Jan;1(1):1-21
references: 12659143
references: Adv Mater. 2012 Mar 2;24(9):1226-31
references: 22282270
references: Anal Chem. 2009 Nov 1;81(21):8687-94
references: 19817386
references: Anticancer Res. 2003 Sep-Oct;23(5A):3591-600
references: 14666654
references: Mol Pharm. 2012 Jun 4;9(6):1580-9
references: 22533630
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 May 29;109(22):8483-8
references: 22582171
references: Nanomedicine. 2010 Jun;6(3):486-95
references: 20044035
references: Biomaterials. 2012 Feb;33(6):1912-20
references: 22153019
references: ACS Nano. 2011 May 24;5(5):3744-57
references: 21513307
references: Nano Lett. 2012 Jan 11;12(1):61-7
references: 22133237
references: ACS Nano. 2012 Sep 25;6(9):8280-7
references: 22928629
references: Nanomedicine (Lond). 2011 Oct;6(8):1327-40
references: 21834646
references: Nature. 2010 Feb 25;463(7284):1061-5
references: 20182508
references: J Am Chem Soc. 2012 Jan 18;134(2):1323-30
references: 22145918
references: Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2012 Mar 26;51(13):3125-9
references: 22241651
references: Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2011 Jun 20;50(26):5808-29
references: 21626614
references: ACS Nano. 2011 Nov 22;5(11):8488-505
references: 21981700
references: Chemistry. 2012 Jun 4;18(23):7082-90
references: 22544381
references: Photochem Photobiol Sci. 2011 Jul;10(7):1216-25
references: 21499638
references: Biomaterials. 2012 Mar;33(7):2215-22
references: 22169825
references: Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2010 May 17;49(22):3782-5
references: 20394093
references: Biomaterials. 2012 Nov;33(33):8704-13
references: 22938822
references: Biomaterials. 2011 Sep;32(26):6145-54
references: 21616529
references: Biomaterials. 2012 Sep;33(26):6201-10
references: 22717364
references: ACS Nano. 2012 May 22;6(5):4054-62
references: 22463487
references: Chem Soc Rev. 2012 Feb 7;41(3):1323-49
references: 22008740
references: Nanoscale. 2012 Aug 7;4(15):4611-23
references: 22706800
references: Small. 2009 Oct;5(20):2285-90
references: 19598161
references: Nanoscale. 2010 Aug;2(8):1417-9
references: 20820726
references: Biomaterials. 2012 Jun;33(19):4872-81
references: 22483011
references: Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2001 Dec 31;53(3):321-39
references: 11744175
references: Nanoscale. 2012 Aug 7;4(15):4485-91
references: 22609962
references: Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2013 May;65(5):744-55
references: 22626980
references: Biomaterials. 2012 Jun;33(19):4851-60
references: 22484045
references: Biomaterials. 2010 Sep;31(27):7078-85
references: 20619791