title: Complex regulation and diverse functions of alpha-klotho.
abstract: It has been understood that the α-klotho gene, first identified as an aging-related gene, is actually necessary for regulating mineral homeostasis in vertebrates. All vertebrates, including humans, actively maintain calcium and phosphate ions in bones, circulating blood, and cerebrospinal fluid. Therefore, disruptions in homeostasis cause osteoporosis, ectopic calcification, and epilepsy. Vitamin D and parathyroid hormone are well-known hormones for maintaining calcium and phosphate balance. Synthesis of vitamin D, secretion of parathyroid hormone, and absorption of calcium and phosphate ions are all finely controlled by α-Klotho-dependent machineries. However, the precise molecular mechanisms and functions of α-Klotho are still unclear. In this article, we present an overview of recent progress in α-klotho research, with a main focus on molecular aspects.
authors: Laboratory of Molecular Life Science, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe, Japan.
authors: Ryota
authors: R
authors: Maeda
authors: Akihiro
authors: A
authors: Imura
authors: Yo-ichi
authors: Y
authors: Nabeshima
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D012080:Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D000089703:Fibroblast Growth Factor-23; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000502:physiology; D005966:Glucuronidase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D006962:Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D007328:Insulin / Q000502:physiology; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism; D007684:Kidney Tubules / Q000378:metabolism; D000090265:Klotho Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000502:physiology; D010710:Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism*; D051496:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase / Q000378:metabolism; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D050052:TRPC Cation Channels / Q000378:metabolism; D050916:TRPV Cation Channels / Q000378:metabolism; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D014714:Vertebrates / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000378:metabolism*; D051153:Wnt Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; C538995:KLB protein, human; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D010710:Phosphates; D050052:TRPC Cation Channels; D050916:TRPV Cation Channels; C492239:TRPV5 protein, human; D051153:Wnt Proteins; C096351:transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C, member 1; D014807:Vitamin D; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors; D000089703:Fibroblast Growth Factor-23; D051496:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2; D005966:Glucuronidase; D000090265:Klotho Proteins; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; D002118:Calcium