title: Analysis of the Fusion Protein Cleavage Site of Newcastle disease virus Isolates from India Reveals Preliminary Evidence for the Existence of II, VI and VII Genotypes.
abstract: Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has been a threat to poultry industry in most of the developing countries with a wide variety of avian species being susceptible, coupled with the presence of mobile wild bird reservoirs contributing not only to the vast genomic diversity of this virus but also to the diagnostic failures. NDV of multiple genotypes (I-XI) is known to be prevalent and reported worldwide. However, there is a paucity of information on the circulating genotypes of NDV in India. This study utilized the fusion protein cleavage site (FPCS) sequence to determine the different genotypes of NDV circulating in India. Our results indicate that majority of NDV isolates from southern states of India namely, Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Karnataka were found to belong to genotype II. However, some of the strains from Tamil Nadu and most from Uttar Pradesh belong to genotype groups VI and VII. Interestingly, three isolates recovered from Tamil Nadu grouped with genotype IV viruses (namely Herts/33) which had not been hitherto reported to GenBank since 1989. This preliminary information points to the existence of multiple genotypes and also the need for efficacy studies with vaccines incorporating multiple genotypes in controlling virulent NDV (vNDV) outbreaks in India.
authors: Department of Animal Biotechnology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, 600007 Tamil Nadu India.
authors: K G
authors: KG
authors: Tirumurugaan
authors: M K
authors: MK
authors: Vinupriya
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Vijayarani
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Kumanan
keywords: APMV-1; Class II-APMV; FPCS; Genotype; Pathotyping
references: Virus Genes. 2005 Jan;30(1):13-21
references: 15744558
references: Avian Dis. 2009 Mar;53(1):39-49
references: 19432002
references: Arch Virol. 2003 Jul;148(7):1387-403
references: 12827467
references: Br Poult Sci. 2001 Mar;42(1):5-22
references: 11337967
references: Trop Anim Health Prod. 2003 Oct;35(5):391-5
references: 14620583
references: Avian Dis. 2005 Mar;49(1):56-62
references: 15839413
references: Infect Genet Evol. 2010 Jan;10(1):26-35
references: 19800028
references: Arch Virol. 1999;144(11):2087-99
references: 10603164
references: J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1975 Oct 1;167(7):610-4
references: 1176357
references: J Vet Sci. 2008 Sep;9(3):295-300
references: 18716450
references: Arch Virol. 1993;128(3-4):363-70
references: 8435046
references: J Clin Microbiol. 1998 Apr;36(4):1141-5
references: 9542957
references: Virus Genes. 2003;26(2):199-206
references: 12803472
references: J Virol. 1973 Feb;11(2):263-71
references: 4734650
references: Acta Virol. 2005;49(2):105-9
references: 16047737
references: Avian Dis. 1973 Apr-Jun;17(2):279-82
references: 4712800
references: Vaccine. 2005 May 16;23(26):3424-33
references: 15837366
references: J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1973 Nov 1;163(9):1080-8
references: 4747907
references: Virus Res. 2006 Mar;116(1-2):168-84
references: 16430984
references: Virus Res. 2006 Sep;120(1-2):36-48
references: 16766077
references: Avian Dis. 1975 Jul-Sep;19(3):566-72
references: 1164321
references: J Clin Microbiol. 1995 Oct;33(10):2624-30
references: 8567895
references: J Virol. 1988 Jan;62(1):354-6
references: 3275436
references: Mol Biol Evol. 2011 Oct;28(10):2731-9
references: 21546353
references: J Virol. 2007 Nov;81(22):12641-53
references: 17855536
references: Zentralbl Veterinarmed B. 1992 Jul;39(5):383-7
references: 1519416
references: Vaccine. 2009 Feb 5;27(6):904-10
references: 19095026
references: J Clin Microbiol. 2007 Apr;45(4):1310-4
references: 17287322
references: Avian Pathol. 2001 Apr;30(2):117-28
references: 19184885
references: Virus Res. 2003 Oct;96(1-2):63-73
references: 12951266
references: Avian Dis. 1993 Jan-Mar;37(1):222-5
references: 8452500
references: Trop Anim Health Prod. 2010 Mar;42(3):415-9
references: 19763869
references: Vet Microbiol. 2011 May 5;149(3-4):324-9
references: 21215532
references: J Clin Microbiol. 2002 Oct;40(10):3826-30
references: 12354891
references: Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1950 May;74(1):174-8
references: 15430425
references: Virus Res. 1990 Mar;15(3):237-42
references: 2188464
references: Virology. 1987 May;158(1):242-7
references: 3576973
references: Vaccine. 2007 Oct 10;25(41):7238-46
references: 17719150
references: Avian Pathol. 2003 Jun;32(3):239-56
references: 12850913