title: Barriers and facilitators to CPR knowledge transfer in an older population most likely to witness cardiac arrest: a theory-informed interview approach.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We sought to identify perceived barriers and facilitators to cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training and performing CPR among people above the age of 55 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted semistructured qualitative interviews with a purposive sample of independent-living individuals aged 55 years and older from urban and rural settings. We developed an interview guide based on the constructs of the Theory of Planned Behaviour, which elicits salient attitudes, social influences and control beliefs potentially influencing CPR training and performance. Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed until achieving data saturation. Two independent reviewers performed inductive analyses to identify emerging themes, and ranked them by way of consensus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Demographics for the 24 interviewees: mean age 71.4 years, women 58.3%, urban location 75.0%, single dwelling 58.3%, CPR training 79.2% and prior CPR on real victim 8.3%. Facilitators of CPR training included: (1) classes in a convenient location; (2) more advertisements; and (3) having a spouse. Barriers to taking CPR training included: (1) perception of physical limitations; (2) time commitment; and (3) cost. Facilitators of providing CPR included: (1) 9-1-1 CPR instructions; (2) reminders/pocket cards; and (3) frequent but brief updates. Barriers to providing CPR included: (1) physical limitations; (2) lack of confidence; and (3) ambivalence of duty to act in a large group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We identified key facilitators and barriers for CPR training and performance in a purposive sample of individuals aged 55 years and older.
authors: Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors: Christian
authors: C
authors: Vaillancourt
authors: Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors: Manya
authors: M
authors: Charette
authors: Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors: Ann
authors: A
authors: Kasaboski
authors: Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors: Jamie C
authors: JC
authors: Brehaut
authors: Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Osmond
authors: Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors: George A
authors: GA
authors: Wells
authors: Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors: Ian G
authors: IG
authors: Stiell
authors: Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors: Jeremy
authors: J
authors: Grimshaw
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001294:Attitude to Health; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / Q000193:education*; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006379:Helping Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D058687:Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest / Q000628:therapy*; D036301:Qualitative Research; D020377:Self Efficacy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: cardiac arrest