title: Interactive effects of smoking and glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms on the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
abstract: Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) protect cells against exogenous and endogenous oxidative stress. GST polymorphisms are associated with the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes mellitus (DM), especially in current-smokers. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a predictor of future CVD or DM, because oxidative stress contributes to their pathogenesis. This study investigated whether the combination of smoking status and GST genotypes could affect the risk for NAFLD. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted among 713 Japanese participants (458 males and 255 females) during a health screening program. The GSTM1 null, GSTT1 null, GSTP1 A/B or B/B and GSTA1 A/B or B/B genotypes were determined and deemed to be high-risk genotypes. The prevalence of NAFLD was 18.7%. Among never-smokers, carriers of one, and those of two or more high-risk GSTM1, GSTP1 or GSTA1 genotypes were at a higher risk for NAFLD than those who were not carriers [odds ratio (95% confidence interval): 2.6 (1.1-5.9) and 3.3 (1.3-8.1), respectively], and the risk was further increased among current-smokers [4.6 (1.6-13.0) and 5.4 (1.2-23.7), respectively]. This is the first report to show that the combination of current-smoking and harboring high-risk GSTM1, GSTP1 and/or GSTA1 genotypes is interactively associated with the risk of NAFLD.
authors: Division of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
authors: Kentaro
authors: K
authors: Oniki
authors: Masaharu
authors: M
authors: Hori
authors: Junji
authors: J
authors: Saruwatari
authors: Kazunori
authors: K
authors: Morita
authors: Ayami
authors: A
authors: Kajiwara
authors: Misaki
authors: M
authors: Sakata
authors: Shuichi
authors: S
authors: Mihara
authors: Yasuhiro
authors: Y
authors: Ogata
authors: Kazuko
authors: K
authors: Nakagawa
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000201:enzymology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005982:Glutathione Transferase