title: LDL phenotype in subjects with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Centenarians with normal cognitive function have a "longevity phenotype" characterized by large low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and low incidence of metabolic syndrome, hypertension, and cognitive impairment. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with a number of cardiovascular risk factors, but it is not known if they have or lack the "longevity phenotype".
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The study was designed to determine LDL size and body fat content and distribution in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-eight persons with MCI or AD (cases) and 42 control subjects of similar age had measurement of LDL size and lipoprotein lipids after a 12 h fast and analysis of body composition by dual x-ray absorptiometry. Cases had small LDL size more often than controls (73% versus 66%) associated with significantly higher triglycerides, lower HDL cholesterol, and higher triglyceride/HDL cholesterol ratio (p ≤ 0.02). Cases with large LDL had a better lipoprotein profile than those with small LDL. Cases and controls had similar percent body fat, fat index, and lean mass index. Forty-seven percent of cases and 39% of controls were obese.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of small LDL phenotype in MCI and AD cases contrasts with the "longevity phenotype" reported for centenarians with preserved cognitive function. The small LDL phenotype is an atherogenic lipoprotein profile found in metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and insulin resistance. It is now also reported in persons with MCI and AD.
authors: Center for Human Nutrition and Departments of Clinical Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
authors: Sheikh
authors: S
authors: Vikarunnessa
authors: Myron F
authors: MF
authors: Weiner
authors: Gloria Lena
authors: GL
authors: Vega
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology*; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000097:blood* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010641:Phenotype; D011859:Radiography
chemical_list: D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL
references: J Am Diet Assoc. 1993 Jan;93(1):47-52
references: 8417092
references: JAMA. 2003 Oct 15;290(15):2030-40
references: 14559957
references: Arch Neurol. 1999 Mar;56(3):303-8
references: 10190820
references: J Am Geriatr Soc. 2010 Jun;58(6):1043-9
references: 20487085
references: Clin Cornerstone. 2006;8 Suppl 1:S21-7
references: 16903166
references: Biochem Soc Trans. 2011 Aug;39(4):891-7
references: 21787319
references: Curr Gerontol Geriatr Res. 2012;2012:184042
references: 22654903
references: Circulation. 1990 Aug;82(2):495-506
references: 2372896
references: Neurology. 1984 Jul;34(7):939-44
references: 6610841
references: Metabolism. 2005 Feb;54(2):227-34
references: 15690318
references: Neurology. 1993 Nov;43(11):2412-4
references: 8232972
references: Am J Hum Genet. 1998 Feb;62(2):406-19
references: 9463319
references: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Nov;91(11):4459-66
references: 16926254
references: J Alzheimers Dis. 2012;32(3):531-40
references: 22842867
references: J Atheroscler Thromb. 2013;20(2):195-203
references: 23076217
references: Arch Neurol. 2005 Oct;62(10):1556-60
references: 16216938
references: J Clin Invest. 1993 Jul;92(1):141-6
references: 8325978
references: Circulation. 1994 Mar;89(3):1333-445
references: 8124825
references: J Nutr Health Aging. 2004;8(6):505-8
references: 15543424
references: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1997 Apr;17(4):707-14
references: 9108784
references: Expert Rev Neurother. 2011 Nov;11(11):1593-607
references: 22014138
references: Neurology. 2006 Dec 26;67(12):2170-5
references: 17190939
references: Nat Rev Neurosci. 2011 Nov 03;12(12):723-38
references: 22048062
references: Ann Med. 1992 Dec;24(6):477-81
references: 1485942
references: Am J Cardiol. 2003 Apr 15;91(8):956-60
references: 12686335
references: J Pathol. 2011 Sep;225(1):54-62
references: 21598254