title: O-GlcNAc cycling: a link between metabolism and chronic disease.
abstract: To maintain homeostasis under variable nutrient conditions, cells rapidly and robustly respond to fluctuations through adaptable signaling networks. Evidence suggests that the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) posttranslational modification of serine and threonine residues functions as a critical regulator of intracellular signaling cascades in response to nutrient changes. O-GlcNAc is a highly regulated, reversible modification poised to integrate metabolic signals and acts to influence many cellular processes, including cellular signaling, protein stability, and transcription. This review describes the role O-GlcNAc plays in governing both integrated cellular processes and the activity of individual proteins in response to nutrient levels. Moreover, we discuss the ways in which cellular changes in O-GlcNAc status may be linked to chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, neurodegeneration, and cancers, providing a unique window through which to identify and treat disease conditions.
authors: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. bondmr@mail.nih.gov
authors: Michelle R
authors: MR
authors: Bond
authors: John A
authors: JA
authors: Hanover
mesh_terms: D000117:Acetylglucosamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D017351:N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D055550:Protein Stability; D014537:Uridine Diphosphate N-Acetylglucosamine / Q000378:metabolism; D001619:beta-N-Acetylhexosaminidases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014537:Uridine Diphosphate N-Acetylglucosamine; D017351:N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases; C449880:O-GlcNAc transferase; C110628:hexosaminidase C; D001619:beta-N-Acetylhexosaminidases; D000117:Acetylglucosamine
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