title: Renal dysfunction and inflammatory markers in hypertensive patients seen in a university hospital.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Today, chronic kidney diseases represent a great challenge to public health as regards the acquisition of knowledge to support interventions that can slow the progression of renal function loss.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the magnitude of the renal function deficit in hypertensive adult patients and its relationship with the following inflammatory markers: high-sensitivity C reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study including 1,273 adult hypertensive patients of both genders, of whom 1,052 had renal function deficit, and 221 had no deficit, as diagnosed by the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation. The odds ratio (OR) and the prevalence ratio (PR) were used to determine the probability of the occurrence of inflammatory activity in renal disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Renal function deficit was diagnosed in 82.6% of the patients assessed, and most of the sample (70.8%) was classified as in stage 2 of chronic kidney disease. In the regression model, metabolic syndrome (PR adjusted = 1.09 [95%CI: 1.04-1.14]), high-sensitivity C reactive protein (PR adjusted = 1.54 [95%CI: 1.40-1.69]) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (PR adjusted = 1.20 [95%CI: 1.12-1.28]) remained independently associated with the renal function deficit. However, considering the individuals classified as in stage 2 of renal function deficit, the chance of abnormalities in inflammatory markers were OR = 10.25 (95%CI: 7.00-15.05) for high-sensitivity C reactive protein, OR = 8.50 (95%CI: 5.70-12.71) for neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, and OR = 7.18 (95%CI: 4.87-10.61) for erythrocyte sedimentation rate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results show an association of inflammatory activity and metabolic syndrome with renal function deficit.
authors: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição1, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, PE, Brazil.
authors: Fátima Lúcia Machado
authors: FL
authors: Braga
authors: Ilma Kruze Grande de
authors: IK
authors: Arruda
authors: Alcides da Silva
authors: Ada S
authors: Diniz
authors: Poliana Coelho
authors: PC
authors: Cabral
authors: Maria da Conceição Chaves de
authors: Mda C
authors: Lemos
authors: Marcus Davis Machado
authors: MD
authors: Braga
authors: Hilton de Castro
authors: Hde C
authors: Chaves
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001799:Blood Sedimentation; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood; D008214:Lymphocytes; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009504:Neutrophils; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002097:C-Reactive Protein