title: Presence of virulence genes, adhesion and invasion of Arcobacter butzleri.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The pathogenic potential of Arcobacter butzleri isolates was investigated by detecting the presence of putative virulence genes and analysing the adhesive and invasive capabilities in cell cultures of human cell lines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The presence of ten putative virulence genes in 52 A. butzleri isolates was determined by PCR. The genes ciaB, mviN, pldA, tlyA, cj1349 and cadF were detected in all, whilst irgA (15%), iroE (60%), hecB (44%) and hecA (13%) were detected only in few A. butzleri isolates. On HT-29 cells, four of six isolates adhered to and three of them were able to invade, whilst all six isolates adhered to and invaded Caco-2 cells with higher degrees. The genes ciaB, cadF and cj1349 of all six isolates were sequenced, but no considerable changes of the amino acids in putative functional domains were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Selected A. butzleri isolates adhere to and invade HT-29 and Caco-2 cells, which emphasize their human pathogenic potential. The efficiency of invasion depends on the eukaryotic cell line and individual bacterial strain used. We could not show any functional correlation between the amino acid sequence of CadF, CiaB or Cj1349 and the adhesive and invasive phenotype.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have shown that some A. butzleri strains invade various cell lines. This underlines their pathogenic potential and hints at their relevance in human disease.
authors: Institute of Food Hygiene, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Karadas
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Sharbati
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Hänel
authors: U
authors: U
authors: Messelhäußer
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Glocker
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Alter
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Gölz
mesh_terms: D020640:Arcobacter / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D019073:HT29 Cells; D006801:Humans; D020539:Sequence Analysis, Protein; D014774:Virulence / Q000235:genetics; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D037521:Virulence Factors
keywords: Arcobacter butzleri; adhesion; cell lines; invasion; virulence genes