title: Spiral colon impaction in juvenile alpacas: 12 cases (2006-2010).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe clinical signs and treatment outcomes for juvenile alpacas with spiral colon impaction (SCI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case series. Animals-12 juvenile (< 6 months old) camelids with SCI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Crias with SCI were identified by searching the medical records database of the Cornell University Equine and Farm Animal Hospital. A keyword-based search method was used. Inclusion required confirmation of SCI on the basis of surgical or necropsy findings. History, signalment, examination findings, diagnostic test results, medical treatments, and surgical reports as well as short- and long-term outcomes were reviewed. Peritoneal fluid parameters were compared with those of age-matched comparison crias in which SCI was suspected but ruled out at necropsy or exploratory celiotomy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  12 crias with confirmed SCI were identified. Common clinical signs included lethargy and diarrhea. Abdominal distention was observed in 9 crias. In 3 crias, a mass in the region of the spiral colon was palpated. Seven crias underwent peritoneal fluid analysis; compared with age-matched comparison crias, SCI-affected crias had higher peritoneal fluid nucleated cell counts and nucleated cell count-to-total protein concentration ratios. A ventral midline celiotomy was performed in 9 crias; 7 underwent an enterotomy, and 2 underwent transmural infusion of saline (0.9% NaCl) solution with manual breakdown of ingesta; 3 of these crias survived for at least 6 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Crias with SCI that were not resolved by medical management had a poor prognosis. During celiotomy, transmural infusion of saline solution with manual breakdown of ingesta provided a less invasive alternative to enterotomy.
authors: Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
authors: James C A
authors: JC
authors: Hart
authors: Alexandra J
authors: AJ
authors: Burton
authors: Toby L
authors: TL
authors: Pinn
authors: Susan L
authors: SL
authors: Fubini
authors: Dominic R
authors: DR
authors: Dawson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002161:Camelids, New World; D003108:Colonic Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D005244:Fecal Impaction / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis