title: A novel injectable calcium phosphate cement-bioactive glass composite for bone regeneration.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Calcium phosphate cement (CPC) can be molded or injected to form a scaffold in situ, which intimately conforms to complex bone defects. Bioactive glass (BG) is known for its unique ability to bond to living bone and promote bone growth. However, it was not until recently that literature was available regarding CPC-BG applied as an injectable graft. In this paper, we reported a novel injectable CPC-BG composite with improved properties caused by the incorporation of BG into CPC.
  
  
  METHODS
  The novel injectable bioactive cement was evaluated to determine its composition, microstructure, setting time, injectability, compressive strength and behavior in a simulated body fluid (SBF). The in vitro cellular responses of osteoblasts and in vivo tissue responses after the implantation of CPC-BG in femoral condyle defects of rabbits were also investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CPC-BG possessed a retarded setting time and markedly better injectability and mechanical properties than CPC. Moreover, a new Ca-deficient apatite layer was deposited on the composite surface after immersing immersion in SBF for 7 days. CPC-BG samples showed significantly improved degradability and bioactivity compared to CPC in simulated body fluid (SBF). In addition, the degrees of cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation on CPC-BG were higher than those on CPC. Macroscopic evaluation, histological evaluation, and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) analysis showed that CPC-BG enhanced the efficiency of new bone formation in comparison with CPC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A novel CPC-BG composite has been synthesized with improved properties exhibiting promising prospects for bone regeneration.
authors: Institute of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China.
authors: Long
authors: L
authors: Yu
authors: Yang
authors: Y
authors: Li
authors: Kang
authors: K
authors: Zhao
authors: Yufei
authors: Y
authors: Tang
authors: Zhe
authors: Z
authors: Cheng
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Chen
authors: Yuan
authors: Y
authors: Zang
authors: Jianwei
authors: J
authors: Wu
authors: Liang
authors: L
authors: Kong
authors: Shuai
authors: S
authors: Liu
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Lei
authors: Zixiang
authors: Z
authors: Wu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D032701:Biomimetics; D001843:Bone Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects*; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D019245:Compressive Strength; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000166:cytology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005898:Glass / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D011817:Rabbits; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D001843:Bone Cements; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; C020243:calcium phosphate
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