title: Paradoxical effect of lenalidomide on cytokine/growth factor profiles in multiple myeloma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lenalidomide is an active immunomodulatory and antiproliferative agent in multiple myeloma. However, the molecular mechanisms driving these activities are not yet fully elucidated. Therefore, we investigated the modulation of the cytokine/growth factor patterns of myeloma cells under LEN treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Lenalidomide effect on myeloma cell proliferation was investigated in a myeloma cell line collection (n=23) by (3)H-thymidine incorporation. Modulation of the cytokine/growth factor patterns of myeloma cells under LEN treatment was analysed by real-time quantitative PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lenalidomide inhibits the proliferation of two-thirds of myeloma cell lines independently of their genetic background. We demonstrated that LEN increased TNF-α and IL-8 inflammatory cytokines and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) growth factor in both sensitive and resistant myeloma cells to LEN.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lenalidomide favours a uniform TNF-α and IL-8 inflammatory and IGF-1 secretory profile of myeloma cells, an observation that raises important questions for therapeutic approaches incorporating the agent.
authors: Inserm, UMR892, Département de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes/Angers, 8, quai Moncousu, Nantes 44007, France.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Maïga
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Gomez-Bougie
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Bonnaud
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Gratas
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Moreau
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Le Gouill
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Pellat-Deceunynck
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Amiot
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000494:pharmacology; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism*; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism*; D000077269:Lenalidomide; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism*; D013792:Thalidomide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D016209:Interleukin-8; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D013792:Thalidomide; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D000077269:Lenalidomide
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