title: Expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α and PPAR-γ in the lung tissue of obese mice and the effect of rosiglitazone on proinflammatory cytokine expressions in the lung tissue.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α, PPAR-γ, adipokines, and cytokines in the lung tissue of lean and obese mice with and without ovalbumin (OVA) challenge, and the effect of rosiglitazone, a PPAR-γ agonist.
  
  
  METHODS
  We developed 6 mice models: OVA-challenged lean mice with and without rosiglitazone; obese mice with and without rosiglitazone; and OVA-challenged obese mice with and without rosiglitazone. We performed real-time polymerase chain reaction for leptin, leptin receptor, adiponectin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, PPAR-α and PPAR-γ from the lung tissue and determined the cell counts and cytokine levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mice with OVA challenge showed airway hyperresponsiveness. The lung mRNA levels of PPARα and PPAR-γ increased significantly in obese mice with OVA challenge compared to that in other types of mice and decreased after rosiglitazone administeration. Leptin and leptin receptor expression increased in obese mice with and without OVA challenge and decreased following rosiglitazone treatment. Adiponectin mRNA level increased in lean mice with OVA challenge. Lung VEGF, TNF-α, and TGF-β mRNA levels increased in obese mice with and without OVA challenge compared to that in the control mice. However, rosiglitazone reduced only TGF-β expression in obese mice, and even augmented VEGF expression in all types of mice. Rosiglitazone treatment did not reduce airway responsiveness, but increased neutrophils and macrophages in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PPAR-α and PPAR-γ expressions were upregulated in the lung tissue of OVA-challenged obese mice however, rosiglitazone treatment did not downregulate airway inflammation in these mice.
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Seung Lok
authors: SL
authors: Ryu
authors: Jae Won
authors: JW
authors: Shim
authors: Duk Soo
authors: DS
authors: Kim
authors: Hye Lim
authors: HL
authors: Jung
authors: Moon Soo
authors: MS
authors: Park
authors: Soo-Hee
authors: SH
authors: Park
authors: Jinmi
authors: J
authors: Lee
authors: Won-Young
authors: WY
authors: Lee
authors: Jung Yeon
authors: JY
authors: Shim
keywords: Obesity; Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors; Transforming growth factor-beta; Tumor necrosis factor-alpha; Vascularendothelial growth factor
references: Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2009 Jul;86(1):49-53
references: 19357642
references: Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2012 Jul;15(4):342-9
references: 22617562
references: Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2006 Jan;290(1):R126-33
references: 16002559
references: J Clin Invest. 2003 Dec;112(12):1785-8
references: 14679172
references: Pediatr Pulmonol. 2006 Jan;41(1):23-34
references: 16267824
references: Respir Res. 2005 Sep 09;6:102
references: 16153299
references: J Immunol. 2006 Oct 15;177(8):5248-57
references: 17015710
references: Br J Pharmacol. 2009 Oct;158(4):994-1003
references: 19703165
references: Curr Opin Lipidol. 2003 Dec;14(6):561-6
references: 14624132
references: Chest. 2008 Jul;134(1):152-7
references: 18628217
references: Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2010 Feb 15;181(4):315-23
references: 19892860
references: J Clin Invest. 1998 Mar 15;101(6):1354-61
references: 9502777
references: PLoS One. 2012;7(8):e42981
references: 22916190
references: Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2008 Nov 6;294(1-2):61-9
references: 18790715
references: Br J Pharmacol. 2010 Feb 1;159(3):617-25
references: 20100278
references: J Biol Chem. 2000 Apr 14;275(15):11348-54
references: 10753948
references: Yonsei Med J. 2008 Oct 31;49(5):804-10
references: 18972601
references: Yonsei Med J. 2011 May;52(3):495-501
references: 21488194
references: Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2009;148(4):289-96
references: 19001788
references: J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004 May;113(5):882-8
references: 15131570
references: Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2005 Nov;95(5):468-73
references: 16312170
references: Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2008 Oct;39(4):475-81
references: 18421018
references: Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005 Aug 19;334(1):176-82
references: 15993383
references: Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001 Oct 15;164(8 Pt 1):1487-94
references: 11704601
references: Diabetes Care. 2002 Feb;25(2):401
references: 11815521
references: Lung. 2007 Dec;185(6):367-72
references: 17909895