title: Jugular vein phlebectasia in paediatric patients with vocal fold nodules.
abstract: Jugular vein phlebectasia (JVP) may often be overlooked in clinical practice and the management for JVP include surgery and a conservative approach. We have studied the relationship between JVP and vocal fold nodules in paediatric patients as well as the effects of treatment. Twenty-three cases of paediatric vocal fold nodules with JVP were studied. All patients received voice therapy. After 6 months of treatment, hoarseness, neck appearance (subjective evaluation) and the degree of dilation of the jugular vein detected by Doppler ultrasonography were analysed. The follow-up period was 6 to 84 months. The hoarseness disappeared or lessened noticeably after treatment for 1-4 months. The neck masses also lessened (pre vs. post: 2.58 ± 0.40 vs. 1.60 ± 0.19) after treatment for 1-4 months. The visual analogue score of the post-treatment symptoms decreased significantly compared with pre-treatment (p <0.05). The degree of dilation of the post-treatment jugular vein also decreased significantly (p <0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Paediatric vocal fold nodules may be related to JVP. Voice changes may also be observed in cases of paediatric JVP. Voice therapy may offer another conservative treatment option for JVP accompanied by vocal fold nodules, and it may offer better results than simple observation of JVP.
authors: The Department of Otolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, West Yangjiang Rd. #107, Guangzhou 510120, People's Republic of China. Liu_xiang2005@yahoo.com.cn
authors: Xiang
authors: X
authors: Liu
authors: Chang-zhi
authors: CZ
authors: Sun
authors: Hua
authors: H
authors: Zou
authors: Ren-zhong
authors: RZ
authors: Luo
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004108:Dilatation, Pathologic / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007601:Jugular Veins / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D007818:Laryngeal Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler / Q000379:methods; D014636:Valsalva Maneuver; D014827:Vocal Cords / Q000473:pathology*; D014832:Voice Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D014834:Voice Training
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