title: Efficacy of endotracheal lidocaine administration with continuous infusion of remifentanil for attenuating tube-induced coughing during emergence from total intravenous anesthesia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although attenuation of tube-induced coughing is necessary in specific types of surgery, the best method for such attenuation is still unclear. We studied the combined intervention of endotracheal lidocaine and intravenous remifentanil compared to intravenous remifentanil alone with respect to coughing during emergence from anesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined 60 ASA 1-2 patients (age, 20-69 years) undergoing tympanoplasty under general anesthesia. Anesthesia was induced with propofol, remifentanil, and rocuronium. The trachea was intubated using a laryngotracheal instillation of topical anaesthetic (LITA) tracheal tube. Anesthesia was maintained with propofol and remifentanil (0.1-0.3 μg/kg/min). Propofol was discontinued and remifentanil (0.1 μg/kg/min) was continued at the end of the operation. Patients were randomly allocated to the lidocaine (n = 30) and control groups (n = 30). We administered 3 ml 4 % lidocaine via the LITA tube to patients in lidocaine group at the end of the operation. The trachea was extubated when the patient regained consciousness and followed orders. Coughing was evaluated using a 4-point scale by an observer who examined the video records at extubation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fewer patients in lidocaine group (8 of 30) than in control group (18 of 30, p < 0.01) coughed. Fewer patients in lidocaine group (2 of 30) than in control group (12 of 30, p < 0.01) had moderate or severe cough (scale 2 or 3).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study is consistent with the finding that endotracheal lidocaine administration and continuous infusion of remifentanil before extubation is useful to prevent coughing on emergence from anesthesia.
authors: Department of Anesthesiology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-5-7 Asahi-machi, Abeno, Osaka, 545-8586, Japan, joudannz@yahoo.co.jp.
authors: Hiroyuki
authors: H
authors: Yamasaki
authors: Kayoko
authors: K
authors: Takahashi
authors: Shunsuke
authors: S
authors: Yamamoto
authors: Yoko
authors: Y
authors: Yamamoto
authors: Yoshihisa
authors: Y
authors: Miyata
authors: Takekazu
authors: T
authors: Terai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation; D000771:Anesthesia, Intravenous / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D003371:Cough / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010880:Piperidines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000077208:Remifentanil; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010880:Piperidines; D008012:Lidocaine; D000077208:Remifentanil
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