title: Effects of 24-week treatment with acarbose on glucagon-like peptide 1 in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients: a preliminary report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Treatment with the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor (AGI) acarbose is associated with a significant reduction the risk of cardiovascular events. However, the underlying mechanisms of this effect are unclear. AGIs were recently suggested to participate in stimulating glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) secretion. We therefore examined the effects of a 24-week treatment of acarbose on endogenous GLP-1, nitric oxide (NO) levels, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity, and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood was drawn from 24 subjects (14 male, 10 female, age: 50.7 ± 7.36 years, BMI: 26.64 ± 3.38 kg/m2, GHbA1c: 7.00 ± 0.74%) with drug-naïve T2D at 0 and 120 min following a standard mixed meal for the measurements of active GLP-1, NO and NOS. The CIMT was measured prior to and following 24 weeks of acarbose monotherapy (mean dose: 268 mg daily).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Following 24 weeks of acarbose treatment, both fasting and postprandial plasma GLP-1 levels were increased. In patients with increased postprandial GLP-1 levels, serum NO levels and NOS activities were also significantly increased and were positively related to GLP-1 levels. Although the CIMT was not significantly altered following treatment with acarbose, a decreased CIMT was negatively correlated with increased GLP-1 levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Twenty-four weeks of acarbose monotherapy in newly diagnosed patients with T2D is associated with significantly increased levels of both fasting and postprandial GLP-1 as well as significantly increased NO levels and NOS activity for those patients in whom postprandial GLP-1 levels were increased. Therefore, the benefits of acarbose on cardiovascular risk may be related to its stimulation of GLP-1 secretion.
authors: Key Laboratory of Hormone and Development, Ministry of Health, Metabolic Disease Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
authors: Miao-yan
authors: MY
authors: Zheng
authors: Ju-hong
authors: JH
authors: Yang
authors: Chun-yan
authors: CY
authors: Shan
authors: Hong-tao
authors: HT
authors: Zhou
authors: Yan-guang
authors: YG
authors: Xu
authors: Ying
authors: Y
authors: Wang
authors: Hui-zhu
authors: HZ
authors: Ren
authors: Bao-cheng
authors: BC
authors: Chang
authors: Li-ming
authors: LM
authors: Chen
mesh_terms: D020909:Acarbose / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology; D005260:Female; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000097:blood*; D065089:Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000097:blood; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D019518:Postprandial Period; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D065089:Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D020909:Acarbose
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