title: [Hypoglobus--illusive or real? Etiologies of vertical globe displacement in a tertiary referral centre].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  While exophthalmus is quantifiable with readily available measurement tools, there is no such tool for hypoglobus/hyperglobus. Despite its possible life-threatening causes only few articles address the etiologies of vertical globe displacement in the current literature. The aim of our study was to describe etiologies of hypoglobus and to analyze the ratio of malignant diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  3000 portrait photographs taken in our ophthalmology department between 2005 and 2009 were retrospectively screened for patients with vertical globe displacement. Pictures were assessed by three independent ophthalmology-trained observers and matched to the diagnosis based on patient records.
  
  
  RESULTS
  95 patients with supposed vertical globe displacement were identified. Vertical globe displacement was due to an intracranial or orbital disease in 45 patients including 6 patients with a malignant disease. Additional 10 patients had thyroid associated orbitopathy. 11 patients turned out to have mere facial asymmetry, 26 patients had strabism and four patients had an ocular prosthesis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The etiologies of hypoglobus ranges from orbital fractures to life-threatening malignant tumors. Distinction between apparent and true hypoglobus can be challenging.
authors: Augenklinik, Universitätsspital Zürich, Schweiz. Ghislaine.Traber@usz.ch
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Traber
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Kordic
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Knecht
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Chaloupka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015984:Causality; D015897:Comorbidity; D005094:Exophthalmos / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009917:Orbital Fractures / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009918:Orbital Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012017:Referral and Consultation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013557:Switzerland / Q000453:epidemiology; D062606:Tertiary Care Centers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013959:Thyroid Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*