title: Combined use of native and caged mussels to assess biological effects of pollution through the integrative biomarker approach.
abstract: Native and caged mussels were used in combination for the monitoring of pollution biological effects through an integrative biomarker approach. Mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) were deployed in cages in two well-known model localities with different pollution levels in the Basque coast. After 3 weeks caged and native mussels were collected from each site and a suite of effect and exposure biomarkers (from molecular/cellular to organism level) was applied and chemical contaminants (metals, PAHs, PCBs, phthalates and nonylphenol ethoxylates) were analytically determined. Integrative biomarker indices and pollutant indices of tissues were calculated. Several biomarkers used herein responded similarly in native and caged mussels, whereas others exhibited significant differences. Overall, biomarkers in-a-suite depicted site-specific profiles useful for the diagnostic of mussel health status and therefore for ecosystem health assessment in marine pollution biomonitoring. On the other hand, biomarkers and bioaccumulation exhibited different response times, which was especially evident when comparing biomarker and pollutant indices of tissues. The suite of biomarkers was more sensitive after caging (short-term response), whereas tissue pollutant concentrations were more sensitive in native mussels (long-term response). Thus, the combination of native and caged mussels is highly recommended to monitor biological effects of pollution in mussels through the integrative biomarker approach, especially in chronically polluted sites.
authors: CBET Res Grp, Res Ctr Experimental Marine Biology & Biotechnology (PIE) & Zoology & Cell Biology Dept. (Science and Technology Fac.), Univ Basque Country (UPV/EHU), PO Box 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain. ionan.marigomez@ehu.es
authors: Ionan
authors: I
authors: Marigómez
authors: Izaskun
authors: I
authors: Zorita
authors: Urtzi
authors: U
authors: Izagirre
authors: Maren
authors: M
authors: Ortiz-Zarragoitia
authors: Patricia
authors: P
authors: Navarro
authors: Nestor
authors: N
authors: Etxebarria
authors: Amaia
authors: A
authors: Orbea
authors: Manu
authors: M
authors: Soto
authors: Miren P
authors: MP
authors: Cajaraville
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001267:Atlantic Ocean; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D049872:Bivalvia / Q000187:drug effects*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008062:Lipofuscin / Q000032:analysis; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D010795:Phthalic Acids / Q000032:analysis; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis; D013030:Spain; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008062:Lipofuscin; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D010795:Phthalic Acids; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C032279:phthalic acid; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls