title: Differences in maternal plane of nutrition and body condition during late gestation coupled with estrus synchronization at weaning do not result in differences in embryonic development at 4 days of gestation.
abstract: This study was conducted to assess the effects of dietary energy in late pregnancy and hormone therapy at weaning on plasma metabolite profile, litter performance, reproductive parameters, and embryo viability in the second pregnancy. A total of 23 first-parity sows at 75 d of pregnancy were randomly allocated to 4 treatments. Treatments were factorial (2 × 2) combinations of 2 nutritional strategies [standard-energy feed (SEF) and high-energy feed (HEF)] and 2 hormone therapies [600 IU eCG and 2.5 mg swine LH 72 h later (HO) and no hormone (WH)]. Sows were weighed weekly from 75 d of pregnancy until 3 d before farrowing; 1 d after farrowing; 7, 14, and 21 d into lactation; and at weaning. Back fat (BF) was measured at 75 d of pregnancy, 3 d before farrowing, and at weaning. Average daily gain and ADFI were also calculated. Plasma metabolites were analyzed after 82, 89, 96, and 103 d of pregnancy, at farrowing, and after 7, 14, and 21 d of lactation. Embryo viability was assessed after 4.55 d of second pregnancy. During pregnancy, HEF-treated sows displayed greater BW (P < 0.05) compared with SEF-treated females, but no differences were observed during lactation. There were no differences in BW of the piglets caused by the treatments. High-energy-treated females showed superior BF (P > 0.05) in all periods; however, significant differences were detected only at the prefarrowing measurement (P < 0.05). No differences in ADFI were observed during lactation. The SEF group showed positive ADG, whereas the HEF group showed negative ADG (0.216 vs. -0.266 kg/d for SEF and HEF, respectively; P < 0.05). High-energy-treated sows presented greater concentrations of total cholesterol after 89 and 103 d of pregnancy and greater concentrations of high-density lipid cholesterol (HDL) after 89 and 96 d. At farrowing and 14 and 21 d of lactation, NEFA concentrations were greater (P < 0.05) in the HEF group. After hormone treatment, no differences were observed on weaning-to-estrus intervals and estrus duration. Greater mobilization of body reserves observed in the HEF group during lactation did not affect reproductive performance negatively, suggesting that metabolic status was adequate for the first lactational catabolism.
authors: Laboratory of Swine Research, Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida Duque de Caxias Norte, 225 Campus da USP, 13635-900, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil.
authors: O H O
authors: OH
authors: Eckhardt
authors: F C
authors: FC
authors: Horta
authors: L J
authors: LJ
authors: Parazzi
authors: E R
authors: ER
authors: Afonso
authors: S M M K
authors: SM
authors: Martins
authors: T A D
authors: TA
authors: Santo
authors: F R O
authors: FR
authors: Barros
authors: J E
authors: JE
authors: Freitas
authors: F P
authors: FP
authors: Rennó
authors: J A
authors: JA
authors: Visintin
authors: A S
authors: AS
authors: Moretti
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis / Q000662:veterinary; D001823:Body Composition / Q000187:drug effects; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000187:drug effects; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006736:Horses; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular / Q000662:veterinary; D008098:Litter Size / Q000187:drug effects; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D039382:Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D010298:Parity / Q000187:drug effects; D011247:Pregnancy; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D034421:Sus scrofa / Q000196:embryology / Q000502:physiology*; D014886:Weaning
chemical_list: D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone