title: Reduced parahippocampal cortical thickness in subjects at ultra-high risk for psychosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Grey matter volume and cortical thickness represent two complementary aspects of brain structure. Several studies have described reductions in grey matter volume in people at ultra-high risk (UHR) of psychosis; however, little is known about cortical thickness in this group. The aim of the present study was to investigate cortical thickness alterations in UHR subjects and compare individuals who subsequently did and did not develop psychosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined magnetic resonance imaging data collected at four different scanning sites. The UHR subjects were followed up for at least 2 years. Subsequent to scanning, 50 UHR subjects developed psychosis and 117 did not. Cortical thickness was examined in regions previously identified as sites of neuroanatomical alterations in UHR subjects, using voxel-based cortical thickness.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline UHR subjects, compared with controls, showed reduced cortical thickness in the right parahippocampal gyrus (p < 0.05, familywise error corrected). There were no significant differences in cortical thickness between the UHR subjects who later developed psychosis and those who did not.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that UHR symptomatology is characterized by alterations in the thickness of the medial temporal cortex. We did not find evidence that the later progression to psychosis was linked to additional alterations in cortical thickness, although we cannot exclude the possibility that the study lacked sufficient power to detect such differences.
authors: Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Tognin
authors: Center for Gender Research and Early Detection, University of Basel Psychiatric Clinics, c/o University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben, Basel, Switzerland.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Riecher-Rössler
authors: Departments of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
authors: E M
authors: EM
authors: Meisenzahl
authors: Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Victoria, Australia.
authors: S J
authors: SJ
authors: Wood
authors: Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Hutton
authors: Center for Gender Research and Early Detection, University of Basel Psychiatric Clinics, c/o University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben, Basel, Switzerland.
authors: S J
authors: SJ
authors: Borgwardt
authors: Departments of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Koutsouleris
authors: Orygen Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors: A R
authors: AR
authors: Yung
authors: Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Allen
authors: Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors: L J
authors: LJ
authors: Phillips
authors: Orygen Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors: P D
authors: PD
authors: McGorry
authors: Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Valli
authors: Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Victoria, Australia.
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Velakoulis
authors: Orygen Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Nelson
authors: Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Woolley
authors: Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Victoria, Australia.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Pantelis
authors: Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.
authors: P
authors: P
authors: McGuire
authors: Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Mechelli
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D018450:Disease Progression; D004198:Disease Susceptibility / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D009929:Organ Size / Q000502:physiology; D020534:Parahippocampal Gyrus / Q000473:pathology*; D062706:Prodromal Symptoms; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000473:pathology*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D055815:Young Adult
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