title: [Optimization of Cryptosporidium and Giardia detection in water environment using automatic elution station Filta-Max xpress].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The presence of parasitic protozoa in drinking water is mostly a result of improperly maintened the water treatment process. Currently, in Poland the testing of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in water as a part of routine monitoring of water is not perform.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was the optimization of the method of Cryptosporidium and Giardia detection in water according to the main principles of standard ISO 15553:2006 and using Filta-Max xpress automatic elution station.
  
  
  METHODS
  Preliminary tests were performed on the samples contaminated with oocysts and cysts of reference strains of both parasitic protozoa. Further studies were carried out on environmental samples of surface water sampled directly from the intakes of water (21 samples from Vistula River and 8 samples from Zegrzynski Lake). Filtration process and samples volume reducing were performed using an automatic elution system Filta-Max xpress. Next, samples were purified during immunomagnetic separation process (IMS). Isolated cysts and oocysts were stained with FITC and DAPI and than the microscopic observation using an epifluorescence microscope was carried out.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Recovery of parasite protozoa in all contaminated water samples after 9-cycles elution process applied was mean 60.6% for Cryptosporidium oocysts and 36.1% for Giardia cysts. Studies on the environmental surface water samples showed the presence of both parasitic protozoa. Number of detected Giardia cysts ranged from 1.0/10 L up to 4.5/10 L in samples from Zegrzynski Lake and from 1.0/10 L up to 38.9/10 L in samples from Vistula River. Cryptosporidium oocysts were present in 50% of samples from the Zegrzynski Lake and in 47.6% of samples from the Vistula River, and their number in both cases was similar and ranged from 0.5 up to 2.5 oocyst/10 L. The results show that applied procedure is appropriate for detection the presence of parasitic protosoan in water, but when water contains much amount of inorganic matter and suspended solids test method have to be modified like subsamples preparation and filtration process speed reduction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The applied method with the modification using Filta-Max xpress system can be useful for the routine monitoring of water. Detection of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in all samples of water taken from the intakes of surface water shows the possibility oftransfering of the protozoan cysts into the water intended for the consumption, therefore the testing of Cryptosporidium and Giardia should be included into the monitoring of water.
authors: Zakład Higieny Srodowiska, Narodowy Instytut Zdrowia Publicznego - Państwowy Zakład Higieny, Warszawa. rmatuszewska@pzh.gov.pl
authors: Renata
authors: R
authors: Matuszewska
authors: Maciej
authors: M
authors: Szczotko
authors: Bozena
authors: B
authors: Krogulska
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003458:Cryptosporidium / Q000166:cytology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D060766:Drinking Water / Q000469:parasitology*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005374:Filtration / Q000379:methods*; D005872:Giardia / Q000166:cytology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D060106:Lakes / Q000469:parasitology*; D011044:Poland; D014876:Water Pollution; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D060766:Drinking Water