title: Prevalence estimates of chronic kidney disease in Canada: results of a nationally representative survey.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic kidney disease is an important risk factor for death and cardiovascular-related morbidity, but estimates to date of its prevalence in Canada have generally been extrapolated from the prevalence of end-stage renal disease. We used direct measures of kidney function collected from a nationally representative survey population to estimate the prevalence of chronic kidney disease among Canadian adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined data for 3689 adult participants of cycle 1 of the Canadian Health Measures Survey (2007-2009) for the presence of chronic kidney disease. We also calculated the age-standardized prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors by chronic kidney disease group. We cross-tabulated the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) with albuminuria status.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of chronic kidney disease during the period 2007-2009 was 12.5%, representing about 3 million Canadian adults. The estimated prevalence of stage 3-5 disease was 3.1% (0.73 million adults) and albuminuria 10.3% (2.4 million adults). The prevalence of diabetes, hypertension and hypertriglyceridemia were all significantly higher among adults with chronic kidney disease than among those without it. The prevalence of albuminuria was high, even among those whose eGFR was 90 mL/min per 1.73 m(2) or greater (10.1%) and those without diabetes or hypertension (9.3%). Awareness of kidney dysfunction among adults with stage 3-5 chronic kidney disease was low (12.0%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of kidney dysfunction was substantial in the survey population, including individuals without hypertension or diabetes, conditions most likely to prompt screening for kidney dysfunction. These findings highlight the potential for missed opportunities for early intervention and secondary prevention of chronic kidney disease.
authors: Division of Science and Technology, Laboratory for Foodborne Zoonoses, Public Health Agency of Canada, Toronto, Ont.
authors: Paul
authors: P
authors: Arora
authors: Priya
authors: P
authors: Vasa
authors: Darren
authors: D
authors: Brenner
authors: Karl
authors: K
authors: Iglar
authors: Phil
authors: P
authors: McFarlane
authors: Howard
authors: H
authors: Morrison
authors: Alaa
authors: A
authors: Badawi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000453:epidemiology; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D015228:Hypertriglyceridemia / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003404:Creatinine
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