title: Removal of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus from the separated liquid phase of hog manure by the multi-zone BioCAST technology.
abstract: The removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) at concentrations of 960 ± 38 to 2400 ± 96 mg/L, 143 ± 9 to 235 ± 15 mg/L and 25 ± 2 to 57 ± 4 mg/L, respectively, from the separated liquid phase of hog manure by the multi-zone BioCAST technology is discussed. Despite the inhibitory effect of hog waste toward microbial activities, removal efficiencies up to 89.2% for COD, 69.2% for TN and 47.6% for TP were obtained during 185 d of continuous operation. The free ammonia inhibition was postulated to be responsible for the steady reduction of COD and TP removal with the increase of TN/TP ratio from 3.6 to 5.8. On the contrary, the increase of COD/TN ratio from 4.8 to 14.1 improved the removal of all contaminants. Nitrogen removal did not show any dependence on the COD/TP ratio, despite the steady increase of COD and TP removal with this ratio in the range of 19.3-50.6. The removal efficiencies of organic and inorganic contaminants increased progressively owing to the adaptation of microbial biomass, resulting from the presence of suspended biomass in the mixed liquor that circulated continuously between the three zones of aerobic, microaerophilic and anoxic, as well as the attached biomass immobilized inside the aerobic zone.
authors: Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, 1455 de Maisonneuve Boulevard West, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3G 1M8. Electronic address: laleh@encs.concordia.ca.
authors: Laleh
authors: L
authors: Yerushalmi
authors: Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, 1455 de Maisonneuve Boulevard West, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3G 1M8. Electronic address: mahmood.alimahmoodi@concordia.ca.
authors: Mahmood
authors: M
authors: Alimahmoodi
authors: Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, 1455 de Maisonneuve Boulevard West, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3G 1M8. Electronic address: niemafroze@yahoo.com.
authors: Niema
authors: N
authors: Afroze
authors: Institut de recherche et de développement en agroenvironnement inc., 120-A Chemin du Roy, Deschambault, Québec, Canada G0A 1S0. Electronic address: stephane.godbout@irda.qc.ca.
authors: Stephane
authors: S
authors: Godbout
authors: Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, 1455 de Maisonneuve Boulevard West, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3G 1M8. Electronic address: mulligan@civil.concordia.ca.
authors: Catherine N
authors: CN
authors: Mulligan
mesh_terms: D000822:Animal Husbandry; D000818:Animals; D057919:Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis; D018533:Biomass; D019149:Bioreactors; D002244:Carbon / Q000378:metabolism*; D003621:Daphnia / Q000187:drug effects; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000009:adverse effects; D008372:Manure; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000378:metabolism*; D013552:Swine; D018505:Waste Management / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste; D008372:Manure; D010758:Phosphorus; D002244:Carbon; D009584:Nitrogen