title: Antibacterial activities of almond skins on cagA-positive and-negative clinical isolates of Helicobacter pylori.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Helicobacter pylori is known to be a gastric pathogen of humans. Eradication regimens for H. pylori infection have some side effects, compliance problems, relapses, and antibiotic resistance. Therefore, the need for alternative therapies for H. pylori infections is of special interest. We have previously shown that polyphenols from almond skins are active against a range of food-borne pathogens. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial effects of natural almond skins before and after simulated human digestion and the pure flavonoid compounds epicatechin, naringenin and protocatechuic acid against H. pylori.
  
  
  RESULTS
  H. pylori strains were isolated from gastric biopsy samples following standard microbiology procedures. Also, cagA and vacA genes were identified using PCR. Susceptibility studies on 34 strains of H. pylori, including two reference strains (ATCC 43504, ATCC 49503), were performed by the standard agar dilution method.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Polyphenols from almond skins were effective in vitro against H. pylori, irrespective of genotype status and could therefore be used in combination with antibiotics as a novel strategy for antibiotic resistance.
authors: Carlo
authors: C
authors: Bisignano
authors: Angela
authors: A
authors: Filocamo
authors: Erminia
authors: E
authors: La Camera
authors: Sebastiana
authors: S
authors: Zummo
authors: Maria Teresa
authors: MT
authors: Fera
authors: Giuseppina
authors: G
authors: Mandalari
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D002392:Catechin / Q000494:pharmacology; D004063:Digestion; D044950:Flavanones / Q000494:pharmacology; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates / Q000494:pharmacology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D027861:Prunus / Q000737:chemistry*; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D044950:Flavanones; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates; D010936:Plant Extracts; C080866:cagA protein, Helicobacter pylori; C009091:protocatechuic acid; D002392:Catechin; C005273:naringenin
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