title: Oxidative stress and autophagy in cardiovascular homeostasis.
abstract: CONCLUSIONS
  Autophagy is an evolutionarily ancient process of intracellular protein and organelle recycling required to maintain cellular homeostasis in the face of a wide variety of stresses. Dysregulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) leads to oxidative damage. Both autophagy and ROS/RNS serve pathological or adaptive roles within cardiomyocytes, depending on the context.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ROS/RNS and autophagy communicate with each other via both transcriptional and post-translational events. This cross talk, in turn, regulates the structural integrity of cardiomyocytes, promotes proteostasis, and reduces inflammation, events critical to disease pathogenesis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dysregulation of either autophagy or redox state has been implicated in many cardiovascular diseases. Cardiomyocytes are rich in mitochondria, which make them particularly sensitive to oxidative damage. Maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis and elimination of defective mitochondria are each critical to the maintenance of redox homeostasis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The complex interplay between autophagy and oxidative stress underlies a wide range of physiological and pathological events and its elucidation holds promise of potential clinical applicability.
authors: 1 Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas.
authors: Cyndi R
authors: CR
authors: Morales
authors: Zully
authors: Z
authors: Pedrozo
authors: Sergio
authors: S
authors: Lavandero
authors: Joseph A
authors: JA
authors: Hill
mesh_terms: D001343:Autophagy / Q000235:genetics*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species
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