title: [Occupational exposure of welders to ultraviolet and "blue light" radiation emitted during TIG and MMA welding based on field measurements].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of the study was to present the results of welders' occupational exposure to "blue light" and UV radiation carried out at industrial workstations during TIG and MMA welding.
  
  
  METHODS
  Measurements were performed at 13 workstations (TIG welding: 6; MMA welding: 7), at which different welding parameters and materials were used. The radiation level was measured using a wide-range radiometer and a set of detectors, whose spectral responses were adequately fit to particular hazard under study. The measurement points corresponded with the location of eye and hand.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The highest values of eye irradiance were found for aluminum TIG welding. Effective irradiance of actinic UV was within the range E(s) = 7.79-37.6 W/m2; UVA total irradiance, E(UVA) = 18-53.1 W/m2 and effective blue-light irradiance E(B) = 35-67 W/m2. The maximum allowance time ranged from 1.7 to 75 s, which means that in some cases even unintentional very short eye exposure can exceed MPE.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The influence of welded material and the type of electrode coating on the measured radiation level were evidenced. The exceeded value of MPE for photochemical hazard arising for the eyes and skin was found at all measured workstations. Welders should use appropriately the eye and face protective equipment and avoid direct staring at welding arc when starting an arc-welding operation. Besides, the lack of head and neck skin protection can induce acute and chronic harmful health effects. Therefore, an appropriate wear of personal protective equipment is essential for welders' health.
authors: Zakład Techniki Bezpieczeństwa, Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, Warszawa, Poland. agwol@ciop.pl
authors: Agnieszka
authors: A
authors: Wolska
mesh_terms: D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005123:Eye / Q000528:radiation effects; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light / Q000009:adverse effects; D008452:Maximum Allowable Concentration; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D011482:Protective Devices; D012867:Skin / Q000528:radiation effects; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects; D014896:Welding