title: Structural determinants at the interface of the ARC2 and leucine-rich repeat domains control the activation of the plant immune receptors Rx1 and Gpa2.
abstract: Many plant and animal immune receptors have a modular nucleotide-binding-leucine-rich repeat (NB-LRR) architecture in which a nucleotide-binding switch domain, NB-ARC, is tethered to a LRR sensor domain. The cooperation between the switch and sensor domains, which regulates the activation of these proteins, is poorly understood. Here, we report structural determinants governing the interaction between the NB-ARC and LRR in the highly homologous plant immune receptors Gpa2 and Rx1, which recognize the potato cyst nematode Globodera pallida and Potato virus X, respectively. Systematic shuffling of polymorphic sites between Gpa2 and Rx1 showed that a minimal region in the ARC2 and N-terminal repeats of the LRR domain coordinate the activation state of the protein. We identified two closely spaced amino acid residues in this region of the ARC2 (positions 401 and 403) that distinguish between autoactivation and effector-triggered activation. Furthermore, a highly acidic loop region in the ARC2 domain and basic patches in the N-terminal end of the LRR domain were demonstrated to be required for the physical interaction between the ARC2 and LRR. The NB-ARC and LRR domains dissociate upon effector-dependent activation, and the complementary-charged regions are predicted to mediate a fast reassociation, enabling multiple rounds of activation. Finally, we present a mechanistic model showing how the ARC2, NB, and N-terminal half of the LRR form a clamp, which regulates the dissociation and reassociation of the switch and sensor domains in NB-LRR proteins.
authors: Laboratory of Nematology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands. erik.slootweg@wur.nl
authors: Erik J
authors: EJ
authors: Slootweg
authors: Laurentiu N
authors: LN
authors: Spiridon
authors: Jan
authors: J
authors: Roosien
authors: Patrick
authors: P
authors: Butterbach
authors: Rikus
authors: R
authors: Pomp
authors: Lotte
authors: L
authors: Westerhof
authors: Ruud
authors: R
authors: Wilbers
authors: Erin
authors: E
authors: Bakker
authors: Jaap
authors: J
authors: Bakker
authors: Andrei-José
authors: AJ
authors: Petrescu
authors: Geert
authors: G
authors: Smant
authors: Aska
authors: A
authors: Goverse
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000276:immunology; D000090263:Leucine-Rich Repeat Proteins; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D017863:Potexvirus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity; D054730:Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D020449:Repetitive Sequences, Amino Acid; D011198:Solanum tuberosum / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000821:virology; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000235:genetics; D014431:Tylenchoidea / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity
chemical_list: D000090263:Leucine-Rich Repeat Proteins; D010940:Plant Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic
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