title: Aerobic exercise and strength training effects on cardiovascular sympathetic function in healthy adults: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Exercise has widely documented cardioprotective effects, but the mechanisms underlying these effects are not entirely known. Previously, we demonstrated that aerobic but not strength training lowered resting heart rate and increased cardiac vagal regulation, changes that were reversed by sedentary deconditioning. Here, we focus on the sympathetic nervous system and test whether aerobic training lowers levels of cardiovascular sympathetic activity in rest and that deconditioning would reverse this effect.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a randomized controlled trial contrasting the effects of aerobic (A) versus strength (S) training on indices of cardiac (preejection period, or PEP) and vascular (low-frequency blood pressure variability, or LF BPV) sympathetic regulation in 149 young, healthy, and sedentary adults. Participants were studied before and after conditioning, as well as after 4 weeks of sedentary deconditioning.
  
  
  RESULTS
  As previously reported, aerobic capacity increased in response to conditioning and decreased after deconditioning in the aerobic, but not the strength, training group. Contrary to prediction, there was no differential effect of training on either PEP (A: mean [SD] -0.83 [7.8] milliseconds versus S: 1.47 [6.69] milliseconds) or LF BPV (A: mean [SD] -0.09 [0.93] ln mm Hg(2) versus S: 0.06 [0.79] ln mm Hg(2)) (both p values > .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings, from a large randomized controlled trial using an intent-to-treat design, show that moderate aerobic exercise training has no effect on resting state cardiovascular indices of PEP and LF BPV. These results indicate that in healthy, young adults, the cardioprotective effects of exercise training are unlikely to be mediated by changes in resting sympathetic activity.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT00358137.
authors: Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.
authors: Christian
authors: C
authors: Alex
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Lindgren
authors: Peter A
authors: PA
authors: Shapiro
authors: Paula S
authors: PS
authors: McKinley
authors: Elizabeth N
authors: EN
authors: Brondolo
authors: Michael M
authors: MM
authors: Myers
authors: Yihong
authors: Y
authors: Zhao
authors: Richard P
authors: RP
authors: Sloan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D018493:Cardiovascular Deconditioning / Q000502:physiology*; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000294:innervation*; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values; D055070:Resistance Training; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000502:physiology*; D014630:Vagus Nerve / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: aerobic exercise; low-frequency blood pressure variability; preejection period; randomized controlled trial; sympathetic nervous system
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