title: Emerging experimental therapies for intracerebral hemorrhage: targeting mechanisms of secondary brain injury.
abstract: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is associated with a higher degree of morbidity and mortality than other stroke subtypes. Despite this burden, currently approved treatments have demonstrated limited efficacy. To date, therapeutic strategies have principally targeted hematoma expansion and resultant mass effect. However, secondary mechanisms of brain injury are believed to be critical effectors of cell death and neurological outcome following ICH. This article reviews the pathophysiology of secondary brain injury relevant to ICH, examines pertinent experimental models, and highlights emerging therapeutic strategies. Treatment paradigms discussed include thrombin inhibitors, deferoxamine, minocycline, statins, granulocyte-colony stimulating factors, and therapeutic hypothermia. Despite promising experimental and preliminary human data, further studies are warranted prior to effective clinical translation.
authors: Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors: Praveen K
authors: PK
authors: Belur
authors: Jason J
authors: JJ
authors: Chang
authors: Shuhan
authors: S
authors: He
authors: Benjamin A
authors: BA
authors: Emanuel
authors: William J
authors: WJ
authors: Mack
mesh_terms: D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D035703:Therapies, Investigational
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors