title: Auditory models of suprathreshold distortion and speech intelligibility in persons with impaired hearing.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hearing-impaired (HI) individuals with similar ages and audiograms often demonstrate substantial differences in speech-reception performance in noise. Traditional models of speech intelligibility focus primarily on average performance for a given audiogram, failing to account for differences between listeners with similar audiograms. Improved prediction accuracy might be achieved by simulating differences in the distortion that speech may undergo when processed through an impaired ear. Although some attempts to model particular suprathreshold distortions can explain general speech-reception deficits not accounted for by audibility limitations, little has been done to model suprathreshold distortion and predict speech-reception performance for individual HI listeners. Auditory-processing models incorporating individualized measures of auditory distortion, along with audiometric thresholds, could provide a more complete understanding of speech-reception deficits by HI individuals. A computational model capable of predicting individual differences in speech-recognition performance would be a valuable tool in the development and evaluation of hearing-aid signal-processing algorithms for enhancing speech intelligibility.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated whether biologically inspired models simulating peripheral auditory processing for individual HI listeners produce more accurate predictions of speech-recognition performance than audiogram-based models.
  
  
  METHODS
  Psychophysical data on spectral and temporal acuity were incorporated into individualized auditory-processing models consisting of three stages: a peripheral stage, customized to reflect individual audiograms and spectral and temporal acuity; a cortical stage, which extracts spectral and temporal modulations relevant to speech; and an evaluation stage, which predicts speech-recognition performance by comparing the modulation content of clean and noisy speech. To investigate the impact of different aspects of peripheral processing on speech predictions, individualized details (absolute thresholds, frequency selectivity, spectrotemporal modulation [STM] sensitivity, compression) were incorporated progressively, culminating in a model simulating level-dependent spectral resolution and dynamic-range compression.
  
  
  METHODS
  Psychophysical and speech-reception data from 11 HI and six normal-hearing listeners were used to develop the models.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven individualized HI models were constructed and validated against psychophysical measures of threshold, frequency resolution, compression, and STM sensitivity. Speech-intelligibility predictions were compared with measured performance in stationary speech-shaped noise at signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) of -6, -3, 0, and 3 dB. Prediction accuracy for the individualized HI models was compared to the traditional audibility-based Speech Intelligibility Index (SII).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Models incorporating individualized measures of STM sensitivity yielded significantly more accurate within-SNR predictions than the SII. Additional individualized characteristics (frequency selectivity, compression) improved the predictions only marginally. A nonlinear model including individualized level-dependent cochlear-filter bandwidths, dynamic-range compression, and STM sensitivity predicted performance more accurately than the SII but was no more accurate than a simpler linear model. Predictions of speech-recognition performance simultaneously across SNRs and individuals were also significantly better for some of the auditory-processing models than for the SII.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A computational model simulating individualized suprathreshold auditory-processing abilities produced more accurate speech-intelligibility predictions than the audibility-based SII. Most of this advantage was realized by a linear model incorporating audiometric and STM-sensitivity information. Although more consistent with known physiological aspects of auditory processing, modeling level-dependent changes in frequency selectivity and gain did not result in more accurate predictions of speech-reception performance.
authors: Audiology and Speech Center, Scientific and Clinical Studies Section, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA.
authors: Joshua G W
authors: JG
authors: Bernstein
authors: Van
authors: V
authors: Summers
authors: Elena
authors: E
authors: Grassi
authors: Ken W
authors: KW
authors: Grant
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001299:Audiometry; D001303:Auditory Cortex / Q000502:physiology; D001309:Auditory Threshold / Q000502:physiology*; D003051:Cochlea / Q000502:physiology; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006309:Hearing / Q000502:physiology*; D006319:Hearing Loss, Sensorineural / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D009622:Noise; D010469:Perceptual Distortion / Q000502:physiology*; D011571:Psychoacoustics; D013063:Speech Discrimination Tests; D013067:Speech Perception / Q000502:physiology*