title: Postprandial lipid responses to standard carbohydrates used to determine glycaemic index values.
abstract: Prior studies assessing the metabolic effects of different types of carbohydrates have focused on their glycaemic response. However, the response of postprandial cardiometabolic risk indicators has not been considered in these studies. The present study assessed postprandial lipid responses to two forms of carbohydrates used as reference foods for glycaemic index determinations, white bread (50 g available carbohydrate) and glucose (50 g), under controlled conditions and with intra-individual replicate determinations. A total of twenty adults (20–70 years) underwent two cycles of challenges with each pair of reference foods (four challenges/person), administered in a random order on separate days under standard conditions. Serum lipids (total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, TAG and NEFA), glucose and insulin were monitored for 5 h post-ingestion. Oral glucose resulted in greater glycaemic and insulinaemic responses than white bread for the first 90 min and a greater subsequent decline after 120 min (P =0·0001). The initial decline in serum NEFA concentrations was greater after the oral glucose than after the white bread challenge, as was the rebound after 150 min (P = 0·001). Nevertheless, the type of carbohydrate had no significant effect on postprandial total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol concentrations. Following an initial modest rise in TAG concentrations in response to both challenges, the values dropped below the fasting values for oral glucose but not for the white bread challenge. These data suggest that the type of carbohydrate used to determine the glycaemic index, bread or glucose, has little or modest effects on postprandial plasma cholesterol concentrations. Differences in TAG and NEFA concentrations over the 5 h time period were modest, and their clinical relevance is unclear.
authors: Healthy Lifestyles Research Center, School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, Arizona State University, 500 North 3rd Street, Phoenix AZ 85004, USA.
authors: Sonia
authors: S
authors: Vega-López
authors: Lynne M
authors: LM
authors: Ausman
authors: Nirupa R
authors: NR
authors: Matthan
authors: Alice H
authors: AH
authors: Lichtenstein
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001939:Bread; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D004032:Diet; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000592:standards; D005215:Fasting; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D038321:Glycemic Index; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019518:Postprandial Period; D012016:Reference Values; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D007328:Insulin; D008055:Lipids; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol; D005947:Glucose
references: Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Jan;87(1):258S-268S
references: 18175766
references: Diabetes Care. 2004 Sep;27(9):2266-71
references: 15333500
references: Diabetes. 1977 Dec;26(12):1178-83
references: 590639
references: Curr Vasc Pharmacol. 2011 May;9(3):258-70
references: 21314632
references: JAMA. 2001 May 16;285(19):2486-97
references: 11368702
references: Circulation. 2002 Jul 23;106(4):523-7
references: 12135957
references: Prev Cardiol. 2010 Winter;13(1):29-35
references: 20021624
references: Circulation. 1979 Sep;60(3):473-85
references: 222498
references: Am J Med. 1987 Feb;82(2):213-20
references: 3544839
references: Am J Clin Nutr. 2010 Oct;92(4):954-9
references: 20702604
references: Br J Nutr. 2003 Feb;89(2):207-18
references: 12575905
references: Am J Clin Nutr. 2003 Mar;77(3):612-21
references: 12600851
references: Metabolism. 2002 May;51(5):539-43
references: 11979382
references: Metabolism. 1983 Jan;32(1):52-6
references: 6336816
references: JAMA. 2010 Apr 21;303(15):1490-7
references: 20407058
references: Am J Physiol. 1993 Dec;265(6 Pt 2):R1423-9
references: 7904427
references: Psychosom Med. 1993 Jul-Aug;55(4):380-93
references: 8105502
references: Curr Diab Rep. 2011 Apr;11(2):120-7
references: 21222056
references: Nutr Res Rev. 2005 Jun;18(1):145-71
references: 19079901
references: JAMA. 2007 Jul 18;298(3):309-16
references: 17635891
references: Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2010 Feb 16;9:9
references: 20158910
references: J Nutr. 2003 Aug;133(8):2577-80
references: 12888640
references: Am J Clin Nutr. 1979 Dec;32(12):2568-78
references: 389023
references: Arterioscler Thromb. 1994 Nov;14(11):1751-60
references: 7947600
references: Am J Clin Nutr. 2010 Aug;92(2):366-74
references: 20504977
references: Diabetes Care. 2007 Jun;30(6):1412-7
references: 17384339
references: J Nutr. 2011 Sep;141(9):1679-84
references: 21775528
references: Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Oct;80(4):896-902
references: 15447896
references: Br J Nutr. 1972 Mar;27(2):395-405
references: 5015259
references: J Nutr. 2001 Oct;131(10):2772S-2774S
references: 11584104
references: Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2008 Dec;10(6):497-502
references: 18937897
references: Br J Nutr. 2011 Jun;105(11):1627-34
references: 21262063
references: Am Heart J. 2005 Jul;150(1):94-101
references: 16084154
references: Diabetes. 1976 Sep;25(9):741-7
references: 955301
references: Am J Clin Nutr. 1991 Nov;54(5):846-54
references: 1951155
references: Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 Jun;83(6):1306-12
references: 16762941
references: Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2008 Feb;59(1):61-9
references: 18097844
references: Am J Clin Nutr. 1981 Mar;34(3):362-6
references: 6259925
references: J Nutr. 2003 Sep;133(9):2728-32
references: 12949357
references: Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 1996;20(1):133-7
references: 8622819