title: Dietary patterns in pregnancy and effects on nutrient intake in the Mid-South: the Conditions Affecting Neurocognitive Development and Learning in Early Childhood (CANDLE) study.
abstract: Dietary patterns are sensitive to differences across socio-economic strata or cultural habits and may impact programing of diseases in later life. The purpose of this study was to identify distinct dietary patterns during pregnancy in the Mid-South using factor analysis. Furthermore, we aimed to analyze the differences in the food groups and in macro- and micronutrients among the different food patterns. The study was a cross-sectional analysis of 1155 pregnant women (mean age 26.5 ± 5.4 years; 62% African American, 35% Caucasian, 3% Other; and pre-pregnancy BMI 27.6 ± 7.5 kg/m(2)). Using food frequency questionnaire data collected from participants in the Conditions Affecting Neurocognitive Development and Learning in Early Childhood (CANDLE) study between 16 and 28 weeks of gestation, dietary patterns were identified using factor analysis. Three major dietary patterns, namely, Healthy, Processed, and US Southern were identified among pregnant women from the Mid-South. Further analysis of the three main patterns revealed four mixed dietary patterns, i.e., Healthy-Processed, Healthy-US Southern, Processed-US Southern, and overall Mixed. These dietary patterns were different (p < 0.001) from each other in almost all the food items, macro- and micro nutrients and aligned across socioeconomic and racial groups. Our study describes unique dietary patterns in the Mid-South, consumed by a cohort of women enrolled in a prospective study examining the association of maternal nutritional factors during pregnancy that are known to affect brain and cognitive development by age 3.
authors: Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 66 N. Pauline, Memphis, TN 38163, USA. ftylavsk@uthsc.edu.
authors: Eszter
authors: E
authors: Völgyi
authors: Kecia N
authors: KN
authors: Carroll
authors: Marion E
authors: ME
authors: Hare
authors: Karen
authors: K
authors: Ringwald-Smith
authors: Chandrika
authors: C
authors: Piyathilake
authors: Wonsuk
authors: W
authors: Yoo
authors: Frances A
authors: FA
authors: Tylavsky
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001921:Brain / Q000254:growth & development; D002657:Child Development; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003071:Cognition; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet / Q000208:ethnology; D004034:Diet Surveys; D002149:Energy Intake; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000208:ethnology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D039401:Prenatal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D011446:Prospective Studies; D044469:Racial Groups; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D015144:Southeastern United States; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018977:Micronutrients
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