title: A CNS-specific hypomorphic Pdgfr-beta mutant model of diabetic retinopathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A mouse mutant identified during a recessive N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) mutagenesis screen exhibited ocular hemorrhaging resulting in a blood-filled orbit, and hence was named "redeye." We aimed to identify the causal mutation in redeye, and evaluate it as a model for diabetic retinopathy (DR).
  
  
  METHODS
  The causative gene mutation in redeye was identified by haplotype mapping followed by exome sequencing. Glucose tolerance tests, detailed histologic and immunofluorescence analyses, and vascular permeability assays were performed to determine the affect of redeye on glucose metabolism, pericyte recruitment, and the development of the retinal vasculature and blood-retinal barrier (BRB).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A mutation was identified in the Pdgfrb gene at position +2 of intron 6. We show that this change causes partial loss of normal splicing resulting in a frameshift and premature termination, and, therefore, a substantial reduction in normal Pdgfrb transcript. The animals exhibit defective pericyte recruitment restricted to the central nervous system (CNS) causing basement membrane and vascular patterning defects, impaired vascular permeability, and aberrant BRB development, resulting in vascular leakage and retinal ganglion cell apoptosis. Despite exhibiting classic features of diabetic retinopathy, redeye glucose tolerance is normal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Pdgfrb(redeye/redeye) mice exhibit all of the features of nonproliferative DR, including retinal neurodegeneration. In addition, the perinatal onset of the CNS-specific vascular phenotype negates the need to age animals or manage diabetic complications in other organs. Therefore, they are a more useful model for diseases involving pericyte deficiencies, such as DR, than those currently being used.
authors: MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics & & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, United Kingdom.
authors: Shalini
authors: S
authors: Jadeja
authors: Richard L
authors: RL
authors: Mort
authors: Margaret
authors: M
authors: Keighren
authors: Alan W
authors: AW
authors: Hart
authors: Russell
authors: R
authors: Joynson
authors: Sara
authors: S
authors: Wells
authors: Paul K
authors: PK
authors: Potter
authors: Ian J
authors: IJ
authors: Jackson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001485:Basement Membrane / Q000473:pathology; D001813:Blood-Retinal Barrier / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D018389:Codon, Nonsense / Q000235:genetics; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005091:Exons / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D016368:Frameshift Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006239:Haplotypes; D007438:Introns / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016296:Mutagenesis; D020286:Pericytes / Q000473:pathology; D022821:RNA Splice Sites / Q000235:genetics; D020797:Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D018389:Codon, Nonsense; D022821:RNA Splice Sites; D020797:Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta
keywords: PdgfrB; diabetic retinopathy; mouse model
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