title: Comparative proteome analysis of Tumor necrosis factor α-stimulated human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells in response to melittin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bee venom has been used to relieve pain and to treat inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, in humans. To better understand the mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerosis effect of bee venom, gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry were used to identify proteins whose expression was altered in human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (hVSMCs) stimulated by tumor necrosis factor alpha after 12 h in the presence of melittin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  To obtain valuable insights into the anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerosis mechanisms of melittin, two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF/TOF were used. The proteome study, we showed 33 significant proteins that were differentially expressed in the cells treated with tumor necrosis factor alpha and melittin. Thirteen proteins were significantly increased in the cells treated with tumor necrosis factor alpha, and those proteins were reduced in the cells treated with melittin. Five of the proteins that showed increased expression in the cells treated with tumor necrosis factor alpha are involved in cell migration, including calreticulin, an essential factor of development that plays a role in transcription regulation. The proteins involved in cell migration were reduced in the melittin treated cells. The observed changes in the expression of GRP75, prohibitin, and a select group of other proteins were validated with reverse transcribed-PCR. It was confirmed that the observed change in the protein levels reflected a change in the genes level. In addition, the phosphorylation of EGFR and ERK was validated by analyzing the protein pathway.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Taken together, these data established that the expression of some proteins was significantly changed by melittin treatment in tumor necrosis factor alpha stimulated the cells and provided insights into the mechanism of the melittin function for its potential use as an anti-inflammatory agent.
authors: Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, 705-718, Republic of Korea.
authors: Hyun-Ji
authors: HJ
authors: Cho
authors: Laboratory of Cell Biology, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
authors: Jeong-Han
authors: JH
authors: Kang
authors: Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, 705-718, Republic of Korea.
authors: Kwan-Kyu
authors: KK
authors: Park
authors: Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, 705-718, Republic of Korea.
authors: Jung-Yoon
authors: JY
authors: Choe
authors: Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, 705-718, Republic of Korea.
authors: Yoon-Yub
authors: YY
authors: Park
authors: Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, 705-718, Republic of Korea.
authors: Yong-Suk
authors: YS
authors: Moon
authors: Department of Biotechnology, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan, 712-702, Republic of Korea.
authors: Il-Kyung
authors: IK
authors: Chung
authors: College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712-749, Republic of Korea.
authors: Hyeun-Wook
authors: HW
authors: Chang
authors: Department of Biological Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Sungkyunkwan, Kyunggi-Do, 440-746, Republic of Korea.
authors: Cheorl-Ho
authors: CH
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Biochemistry, College of Oriental Medicine, Dongeui University, Busan, 614-052, Republic of Korea.
authors: Yung Hyun
authors: YH
authors: Choi
authors: Personalized Tumor Engineering Research Center, Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk, Cheongju, 361-763, Republic of Korea.
authors: Wun-Jae
authors: WJ
authors: Kim
authors: Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Ansung, 456-756, Republic of Korea.
authors: Sung-Kwon
authors: SK
authors: Moon
authors: Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, 705-718, Republic of Korea.
authors: Young-Chae
authors: YC
authors: Chang
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