title: Influence of high cardiovascular risk in asymptomatic people on the duration and cost of sick leave: results of the ICARIA study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the potential influence of a moderate-to-high cardiovascular (CV) risk (CVR) (defined as a Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation model, or SCORE ≥ 4%), in the absence of an established CV disease, on the duration and cost of CV and non-CV sick leave (SL) resulting from common and occupational accidents or diseases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We conducted a prospective cohort study on 690 135 workers with a 1-year follow-up and examined CV- and non-CV-related SL episodes. To obtain baseline values, CVR factors were initially assessed at the beginning of the year during routine medical examination. The CVR was calculated with the SCORE charts for all subjects. Moderate-to-high CVR was defined as SCORE ≥ 4%. A baseline SCORE ≥ 4% was associated with a higher risk for long-term CV and non-CV SL, as revealed by follow-up assessment. This translated into an increased cost, estimated at €5 801 464.18 per year. Furthermore, pharmacological treatment for hypertension or hyperlipidaemia was significantly associated with longer SL duration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Moderate-to-high CVR in asymptomatic subjects was significantly associated with the duration and cost of CV and non-CV SL. These results constitute the first body of evidence that the SCORE charts can be used to identify people with a non-established CV disease, which might ultimately translate into more lost workdays and therefore increased cost for society.
authors: Ibermutuamur (Mutua de Accidentes de Trabajo y Enfermedades Profesionales de la Seguridad Social 274), C/ Ramirez de Arellano, 27, 28043 Madrid, Spain.
authors: Eva
authors: E
authors: Calvo-Bonacho
authors: Luis Miguel
authors: LM
authors: Ruilope
authors: Miguel Angel
authors: MA
authors: Sánchez-Chaparro
authors: Cesar
authors: C
authors: Cerezo
authors: Carlos
authors: C
authors: Catalina-Romero
authors: Paloma
authors: P
authors: Martínez-Muñoz
authors: José R
authors: JR
authors: Banegas
authors: Bernard
authors: B
authors: Waeber
authors: Arturo
authors: A
authors: Gonzalez-Quintela
authors: Alberto
authors: A
authors: Zanchetti
mesh_terms: D000062:Accidents, Occupational / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000191:economics*; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D018582:Sick Leave / Q000191:economics*; D013030:Spain; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Cardiovascular risk; Sick leave; Sickness absence; Work-related accidents