title: The lactase persistence genotype is associated with body mass index and dairy consumption in the D.E.S.I.R. study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The T allele of a functional polymorphism (rs4988235: LCT-13910 C>T), close to the lactase gene, correlates with lactase persistence (LP) in adults. The LP genotype (TT+TC) has been associated with a higher BMI in European populations in cross-sectional studies. In the French D.E.S.I.R. cohort, a high consumption of dairy products was associated with a lower body weight gain over 9-years, and with a lower incidence of high plasma glucose levels and/or the metabolic syndrome. Our aim was to test in this study, the association of rs4988235 with BMI and related metabolic diseases, in interaction with dairy product consumption.
  
  
  METHODS
  Among 5212 subjects from D.E.S.I.R., 3575 Caucasians born in mainland France were genotyped and followed over 9years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Those with the LP genotype (frequency: 78.5%) had a higher dairy product consumption, at inclusion and at year-9 (P<0.001). They also had a higher BMI at both time points (difference=0.3kg/m(2), P=0.05), but this effect was restricted to medium/high dairy product consumers (difference=0.5kg/m(2), P=0.006). This genotype was also associated with the metabolic syndrome (IDF definition), but this association disappeared after adjustment for BMI. In the whole population, the C allele was associated with a higher prevalence of impaired fasting glycemia and/or type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The lactase persistence genotype was shown to be associated with a higher BMI in a longitudinal study, mainly in those consuming high amounts of dairy products. The association of the C allele, responsible for lactase non-persistence, with the risk of hyperglycemia needs to be replicated.
authors: INSERM, U695, Genetic Determinants of Type 2 Diabetes and Its Vascular Complications, Paris, France; Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMRS 695, UFR de Médecine Site Bichat, Paris, France.
authors: Amel
authors: A
authors: Lamri
authors: Antoine
authors: A
authors: Poli
authors: Nathalie
authors: N
authors: Emery
authors: Naima
authors: N
authors: Bellili
authors: Gilberto
authors: G
authors: Velho
authors: Olivier
authors: O
authors: Lantieri
authors: Beverley
authors: B
authors: Balkau
authors: Michel
authors: M
authors: Marre
authors: Frédéric
authors: F
authors: Fumeron
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003611:Dairy Products; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D043322:Lactase / Q000235:genetics*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000209:etiology; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D043322:Lactase
keywords: D.E.S.I.R; Data from the Epidemiological Study on the Insulin-Resistance syndrome; IDF; IFG; International Diabetes Federation; LP; Lactase genetic polymorphism; Longitudinal study; MetS; T2D; Type 2 diabetes; impaired fasting glycemia; lactase persistence; metabolic syndrome; type 2 diabetes