title: E-2-hexenal promotes susceptibility to Pseudomonas syringae by activating jasmonic acid pathways in Arabidopsis.
abstract: Green leaf volatiles (GLVs) are C6-molecules - alcohols, aldehydes, and esters - produced by plants upon herbivory or during pathogen infection. Exposure to this blend of volatiles induces defense-related responses in neighboring undamaged plants, thus assigning a role to GLVs in regulating plant defenses. Here we compared Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Landsberg erecta (Ler) with a hydroperoxide lyase line, hpl1, unable to synthesize GLVs, for susceptibility to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (DC3000). We found that the growth of DC3000 was significantly reduced in the hpl1 mutant. This phenomenon correlated with lower jasmonic acid (JA) levels and higher salicylic acid levels in the hpl1 mutant. Furthermore, upon infection, the JA-responsive genes VSP2 and LEC were only slightly or not induced, respectively, in hpl1. This suggests that the reduced growth of DC3000 in hpl1 plants is due to the constraint of JA-dependent responses. Treatment of hpl1 plants with E-2-hexenal, one of the more reactive GLVs, prior to infection with DC3000, resulted in increased growth of DC3000 in hpl1, thus complementing this mutant. Interestingly, the growth of DC3000 also increased in Ler plants treated with E-2-hexenal. This stronger growth was not dependent on the JA-signaling component MYC2, but on ORA59, an integrator of JA and ethylene signaling pathways, and on the production of coronatine by DC3000. GLVs may have multiple effects on plant-pathogen interactions, in this case reducing resistance to Pseudomonas syringae via JA and ORA59.
authors: Department of Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands.
authors: Alessandra
authors: A
authors: Scala
authors: Rossana
authors: R
authors: Mirabella
authors: Cynthia
authors: C
authors: Mugo
authors: Kenji
authors: K
authors: Matsui
authors: Michel A
authors: MA
authors: Haring
authors: Robert C
authors: RC
authors: Schuurink
keywords: Pseudomonas syringae; coronatine; green leaf volatiles; hormone crosstalk; jasmonate
references: Plant Cell. 1996 Oct;8(10):1683-1698
references: 12239358
references: Appl Environ Microbiol. 1986 Feb;51(2):323-7
references: 16346988
references: Plant Cell. 2004 Dec;16(12):3460-79
references: 15548743
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Nov 7;103(45):16672-6
references: 17075049
references: Plant Cell. 2003 May;15(5):1083-94
references: 12724535
references: Nature. 2000 Aug 3;406(6795):512-5
references: 10952311
references: J Plant Physiol. 2003 Oct;160(10):1219-31
references: 14610891
references: Plant Physiol Biochem. 2008 Aug-Sep;46(8-9):786-93
references: 18538576
references: Plant Cell. 2007 Jul;19(7):2225-45
references: 17616737
references: Nat Chem Biol. 2009 May;5(5):308-16
references: 19377457
references: Mol Plant Pathol. 2005 Nov 1;6(6):629-39
references: 20565685
references: J Chem Ecol. 2005 May;31(5):1023-38
references: 16124230
references: BMC Res Notes. 2011 Oct 03;4:377
references: 21967668
references: Plant J. 2012 Sep;71(5):763-75
references: 22519706
references: Plant Physiol. 2005 Nov;139(3):1529-44
references: 16258015
references: Sci Rep. 2012;2:378
references: 22532926
references: Plant Cell Physiol. 2005 Jul;46(7):1093-102
references: 15879447
references: Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 2010 Oct;23(10):1287-93
references: 20831408
references: Plant Cell. 2011 Feb;23(2):701-15
references: 21335373
references: Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2000 Sep;64(3):624-53
references: 10974129
references: Plant Physiol. 2008 Jul;147(3):1347-57
references: 18467450
references: Plant Cell. 1998 Dec;10(12):2103-13
references: 9836748
references: Plant Cell. 1997 Sep;9(9):1573-84
references: 9338960
references: J Chem Ecol. 2003 Jul;29(7):1589-600
references: 12921437
references: J Lab Clin Med. 1954 Aug;44(2):301-7
references: 13184240
references: Ecol Lett. 2007 Jun;10(6):490-8
references: 17498148
references: Plant J. 2001 May;26(4):409-20
references: 11439128
references: Plant J. 2009 Aug;59(3):375-86
references: 19392690
references: Biochim Biophys Acta. 2008 Dec;1784(12):1975-85
references: 18848650
references: Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 2011 Feb;24(2):183-93
references: 20955078
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 May 9;92(10):4169-74
references: 7753779
references: Oecologia. 2006 Jun;148(2):280-92
references: 16463175
references: Plant Cell Environ. 2010 Dec;33(12):2028-40
references: 20584148
references: Plant Physiol. 2005 Nov;139(3):1545-56
references: 16258019
references: Plant Mol Biol. 2005 Jul;58(4):497-513
references: 16021335
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Dec 8;95(25):15107-11
references: 9844023
references: Plant Physiol. 2007 Jan;143(1):400-9
references: 17114278
references: Annu Rev Phytopathol. 2005;43:205-27
references: 16078883
references: Plant J. 2010 Oct;64(2):318-30
references: 21070411
references: Plant Cell. 2003 Jan;15(1):165-78
references: 12509529
references: Nature. 2007 Aug 9;448(7154):661-5
references: 17637677
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Mar 27;104(13):5467-72
references: 17360371
references: Plant Sci. 2006 Sep;171(3):415-23
references: 22980212
references: Cell Host Microbe. 2008 Jun 12;3(6):348-51
references: 18541211
references: Plant Physiol. 2006 Apr;140(4):1484-93
references: 16500992
references: Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 1993 Nov-Dec;6(6):680-5
references: 8118053
references: J Chem Ecol. 2005 Sep;31(9):2217-22
references: 16132223
references: Plant Cell. 2009 Aug;21(8):2220-36
references: 19717617
references: Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 2008 Nov;21(11):1408-20
references: 18842091
references: Plant Cell. 2004 Jul;16(7):1938-50
references: 15208388
references: Nucleic Acids Res. 2001 May 1;29(9):e45
references: 11328886
references: Plant Physiol. 1993 Jan;101(1):13-24
references: 12231661
references: Plant Cell Physiol. 2010 Oct;51(10):1694-706
references: 20798276
references: J Agric Food Chem. 2007 Mar 21;55(6):2182-8
references: 17323971
references: Plant Physiol. 2008 Apr;146(4):1459-68
references: 18390489
references: Plant J. 1999 May;18(3):277-84
references: 10377993
references: Front Plant Sci. 2011 Sep 26;2:47
references: 22645537
references: Science. 2001 Mar 16;291(5511):2141-4
references: 11251117
references: Plant J. 2006 Jan;45(2):275-91
references: 16367970
references: Nature. 2006 Nov 16;444(7117):323-9
references: 17108957
references: Plant J. 2013 Feb;73(4):653-62
references: 23134585
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Feb 10;101(6):1781-5
references: 14749516
references: Plant J. 2010 Jan;61(1):46-57
references: 19891707
references: Plant J. 1998 Dec;16(5):561-9
references: 10036774
references: Plant Cell. 2003 Jan;15(1):63-78
references: 12509522
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Oct 10;97(21):11655-60
references: 11027363
references: Science. 2009 Jan 2;323(5910):95-101
references: 19095898
references: Plant Cell. 2012 Nov;24(11):4763-74
references: 23204405
references: Phytochemistry. 2002 Nov;61(5):545-54
references: 12409021
references: Plant Cell. 1991 Jan;3(1):49-59
references: 1824334
references: Science. 2009 May 8;324(5928):750-2
references: 19423816
references: Z Naturforsch C J Biosci. 2005 Sep-Oct;60(9-10):743-56
references: 16320618
references: Plant Physiol. 2008 Mar;146(3):818-24
references: 18316635
references: Planta. 2005 Apr;220(6):900-9
references: 15599762
references: Plant Physiol. 2006 May;141(1):121-34
references: 16531481
references: Plant J. 2004 Oct;40(1):35-46
references: 15361139
references: Plant J. 2004 Mar;37(6):877-88
references: 14996219
references: Plant Physiol. 2005 Sep;139(1):5-17
references: 16166256
references: Nature. 2008 Apr 10;452(7188):755-8
references: 18401409
references: Phytochemistry. 2006 Jan;67(1):34-42
references: 16310233
references: J Chem Ecol. 2006 May;32(5):969-79
references: 16739017
references: Plant Cell. 2008 Mar;20(3):768-85
references: 18334669
references: New Phytol. 2011 Sep;191(4):1054-1068
references: 21615741
references: Plant Physiol. 2005 Dec;139(4):1902-13
references: 16299186
references: Mol Plant Pathol. 2005 Jan 1;6(1):79-83
references: 20565640
references: Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2007 Aug;10(4):380-6
references: 17646124
references: Plant J. 2008 Jan;53(2):197-213
references: 17971036