title: Breathlessness in everyday life from a patient perspective: a qualitative study using diaries.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Breathlessness is a subjective symptom, which makes it difficult to define and understand. The aim of the present study was to illuminate how patients suffering from breathlessness experience their everyday life.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was a qualitative study, and the focus of the analysis was the patients' descriptions of their experiences of breathlessness using a diary with two unstructured questions for a period of 7 consecutive days. Sixteen participants: 7 men, mean age 65 ± 7 (range 55-73 years old), and 9 women, mean age 65 ± 9 (range 50-72 years old) participated in the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two themes emerged from the analysis: 1) Impaired quality of life and 2) symptom tolerance and adaptation. The theme "impaired quality of life" included the categories limited physical ability, psychological burdens, and social life barriers. The theme "symptom tolerance and adaptation" included importance of health care, social support, hobbies and leisure activities, and coping strategies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings in our study showed that patients, in spite of considerable difficulties with shortness of breath, found relief in several types of activities, in addition to drug therapy. The result indicates that the "biopsychosocial model" is an appealing approach that should be discussed further to gain a better understanding of breathlessness.
authors: Department of Primary Health Care, Institute of Medicine,University of Gothenburg,Gothenburg,Sweden.
authors: Nasser S
authors: NS
authors: Ahmadi
authors: Department of Primary Health Care, Institute of Medicine,University of Gothenburg,Gothenburg,Sweden.
authors: Jörgen
authors: J
authors: Månsson
authors: Department of Primary Health Care, Institute of Medicine,University of Gothenburg,Gothenburg,Sweden.
authors: Ulf
authors: U
authors: Lindblad
authors: School of Social and Health Sciences,Halmstad University,Halmstad,Sweden.
authors: Cathrine
authors: C
authors: Hildingh
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000523:psychology*; D000368:Aged; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D008499:Medical Records; D008875:Middle Aged; D036301:Qualitative Research; D011788:Quality of Life; D018434:Sickness Impact Profile; D012919:Social Behavior