title: Developmental heterochrony and the evolution of autistic perception, cognition and behavior.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Autism is usually conceptualized as a disorder or disease that involves fundamentally abnormal neurodevelopment. In the present work, the hypothesis that a suite of core autism-related traits may commonly represent simple delays or non-completion of typical childhood developmental trajectories is evaluated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A comprehensive review of the literature indicates that, with regard to the four phenotypes of (1) restricted interests and repetitive behavior, (2) short-range and long-range structural and functional brain connectivity, (3) global and local visual perception and processing, and (4) the presence of absolute pitch, the differences between autistic individuals and typically developing individuals closely parallel the differences between younger and older children.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study are concordant with a model of 'developmental heterochrony', and suggest that evolutionary extension of child development along the human lineage has potentiated and structured genetic risk for autism and the expression of autistic perception, cognition and behavior.
authors: Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada. crespi@sfu.ca
authors: Bernard
authors: B
authors: Crespi
mesh_terms: D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001519:Behavior; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003071:Cognition; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D010465:Perception
references: Neuron. 2008 Dec 26;60(6):950-60
references: 19109903
references: Cereb Cortex. 2013 Jan;23(1):127-38
references: 22275481
references: FASEB J. 2010 Aug;24(8):3066-82
references: 20371615
references: J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 1979 May;5(2):353-64
references: 528945
references: Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2003 Nov;999:397-401
references: 14681164
references: Nat Rev Neurosci. 2013 Feb;14(2):112-27
references: 23324662
references: Br J Psychiatry. 2002 Apr;180:345-50
references: 11925358
references: Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2012 Sep;36(8):1848-56
references: 22652270
references: Encephale. 2005 May-Jun;31(3):323-9
references: 16142047
references: Brain Cogn. 2011 Feb;75(1):18-28
references: 21055864
references: Q Rev Biol. 2005 Mar;80(1):62-70
references: 15884737
references: Schizophr Res. 2011 Apr;127(1-3):163-70
references: 21186098
references: Schizophr Bull. 2009 Nov;35(6):1059-64
references: 19833806
references: J Autism Dev Disord. 2009 Apr;39(4):635-42
references: 19015969
references: J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 1983 Oct;24(4):613-20
references: 6630333
references: Curr Opin Neurol. 2010 Apr;23(2):118-23
references: 20087182
references: J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 1996 Oct;37(7):873-7
references: 8923230
references: Am J Occup Ther. 1983 May;37(5):327-32
references: 6869494
references: Am J Hum Biol. 2011 Nov-Dec;23(6):729-39
references: 21957070
references: PLoS One. 2011;6(10):e26000
references: 21991391
references: Schizophr Bull. 2009 Nov;35(6):1085-94
references: 19793795
references: Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2013 Feb;37(2):209-28
references: 23219745
references: Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2004 May 15;127B(1):113-6
references: 15108192
references: Genome Res. 2012 Apr;22(4):611-22
references: 22300767
references: Neuropsychologia. 2011 Jun;49(7):2105-11
references: 21513720
references: Eur Psychiatry. 2004 Sep;19(6):370-3
references: 15363477
references: PLoS Biol. 2009 Jul;7(7):e1000157
references: 19621066
references: Psychol Issues. 1981;(51):1-141
references: 7012884
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Oct 9;109(41):16480-5
references: 23012402
references: Acta Paedopsychiatr. 1968;35(4):100-36
references: 4880460
references: Cell. 1993 Nov 5;75(3):431-41
references: 8106170
references: Neuroscientist. 2001 Oct;7(5):441-54
references: 11597103
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Aug 9;108(32):13281-6
references: 21788513
references: Behav Brain Sci. 2004 Dec;27(6):831-55; discussion 855-85
references: 16035403
references: Neuron. 2011 Oct 6;72(1):72-85
references: 21982370
references: Psychol Bull. 2011 Jul;137(4):562-93
references: 21574682
references: Am J Phys Anthropol. 1996 Jan;99(1):17-42
references: 8928718
references: Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2013 Mar;37(3):256-68
references: 23253944
references: Rev Neurosci. 2008;19(2-3):91-100
references: 18751517
references: Am J Hum Genet. 2002 Jan;70(1):60-71
references: 11741194
references: J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 1997 Jul;38(5):527-34
references: 9255696
references: Curr Top Med Chem. 2012;12(21):2404-14
references: 23279179
references: Science. 2010 Sep 10;329(5997):1358-61
references: 20829489
references: Child Dev. 2009 Jan-Feb;80(1):162-77
references: 19236399
references: J Neurosci. 2011 Aug 10;31(32):11437-42
references: 21832174
references: Neuroimage. 2007 Mar;35(1):283-91
references: 17240169
references: Cereb Cortex. 2014 May;24(5):1230-46
references: 23283688
references: J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2003 Sep;44(6):904-13
references: 12959498
references: Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2009 May 27;364(1522):1433-6
references: 19528027
references: Schizophr Bull. 2008 Mar;34(2):341-53
references: 18234701
references: J Autism Dev Disord. 2003 Apr;33(2):163-7; discussion 169
references: 12757355
references: Neuroscience. 2011 Jan 13;172:419-26
references: 20971162
references: Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2011 Aug;35(8):1644-53
references: 20851143
references: Nat Neurosci. 2006 Oct;9(10):1218-20
references: 17001340
references: Neuron. 2011 Apr 28;70(2):339-51
references: 21521618
references: Perception. 2004;33(1):79-86
references: 15035330
references: Percept Mot Skills. 2002 Feb;94(1):229-34
references: 11883567
references: Brain Cogn. 2003 Feb;51(1):48-65
references: 12633589
references: Dev Psychol. 2001 Jan;37(1):74-85
references: 11206435
references: J Autism Dev Disord. 2011 Feb;41(2):213-26
references: 20532603
references: Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2005 Apr;15(2):225-30
references: 15831407
references: Top Cogn Sci. 2012 Oct;4(4):485-97
references: 22811391
references: Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2012;8:49-76
references: 22224834
references: J Exp Child Psychol. 2009 Jun;103(2):222-40
references: 18973909
references: Autism Res. 2010 Oct;3(5):273-9
references: 20740492
references: Behav Brain Sci. 2008 Jun;31(3):241-61; discussion 261-320
references: 18578904
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Apr 7;106(14):5743-8
references: 19307592
references: Neuron. 2010 Sep 9;67(5):735-48
references: 20826306
references: Hum Brain Mapp. 2010 Jun;31(6):917-25
references: 20496382
references: Neuroscientist. 2012 Oct;18(5):467-86
references: 22547529
references: Intellect Dev Disabil. 2007 Aug;45(4):246-56
references: 17627372
references: Annu Rev Med. 2009;60:367-80
references: 19630577
references: Curr Dir Psychol Sci. 2009;18(5):259-263
references: 20401341
references: Autism. 2004 Sep;8(3):267-81
references: 15358870
references: Neuropsychologia. 2011 Jan;49(2):254-63
references: 21110988
references: J Autism Dev Disord. 2009 Feb;39(2):339-49
references: 18688703
references: Perception. 2003;32(6):657-66
references: 12892427
references: J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2001 May;42(4):539-49
references: 11383970
references: Cogn Neuropsychol. 2008 Sep;25(6):771-82
references: 18720290
references: Nature. 2006 Mar 30;440(7084):676-9
references: 16572172
references: J Autism Dev Disord. 2006 Jan;36(1):5-25
references: 16450045
references: Front Hum Neurosci. 2012 Jan 31;6:6
references: 22375109
references: Behav Brain Sci. 2005 Oct;28(5):675-91; discussion 691-735
references: 16262930
references: Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2011 May;1225 Suppl 1:E182-91
references: 21599696
references: Biol Psychiatry. 2005 Dec 15;58(12):937-46
references: 16084856
references: Child Dev. 1997 Feb;68(1):58-68
references: 9084125
references: Curr Top Behav Neurosci. 2010;4:243-81
references: 21312403
references: J Autism Dev Disord. 2007 Sep;37(8):1493-504
references: 17029017
references: Autism Res. 2010 Jun;3(3):113-9
references: 20575110
references: J Autism Dev Disord. 2006 Jan;36(1):27-43
references: 16453071
references: Autism Res. 2012 Oct;5(5):314-30
references: 22865697
references: Am J Hum Genet. 2007 Dec;81(6):1144-57
references: 17999357
references: J Comp Psychol. 2006 Nov;120(4):323-30
references: 17115853
references: Autism. 2008 Mar;12(2):203-19
references: 18308768
references: Eur J Hum Genet. 2006 Oct;14(10):1111-9
references: 16773125
references: Dev Psychol. 2008 Jan;44(1):245-53
references: 18194023
references: J Autism Dev Disord. 2013 Sep;43(9):2026-37
references: 23321801
references: Hum Mol Genet. 2008 Dec 15;17(24):3887-96
references: 18782849
references: Neuropsychology. 1999 Apr;13(2):271-281
references: 10353376
references: Hum Brain Mapp. 2012 Jul;33(7):1553-81
references: 21465627
references: Dev Psychol. 2010 Nov;46(6):1621-31
references: 20718535
references: Nat Med. 2011 Nov 02;17(11):1353-5
references: 22064413
references: Dev Sci. 2010 Sep 1;13(5):714-21
references: 20712737
references: PLoS Biol. 2011 Jun;9(6):e1001081
references: 21695109
references: Hum Brain Mapp. 2014 Apr;35(4):1284-96
references: 23334984
references: J Med Genet. 2001 Apr;38(4):224-8
references: 11283202
references: Am J Hum Biol. 1996;8(6):703-716
references: 28561459
references: Cogn Neuropsychol. 2007 Jul;24(5):550-74
references: 18416507
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Jan 26;107 Suppl 1:1736-41
references: 19955444
references: Brain. 1996 Aug;119 ( Pt 4):1377-400
references: 8813299
references: Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2001 Mar;103(3):171-80
references: 11240573
references: PLoS Comput Biol. 2009 May;5(5):e1000381
references: 19412534
references: Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). 2013;66(7):1448-66
references: 23234461
references: J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 1999 Nov;40(8):1283-93
references: 10604406
references: Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2009;5:249-75
references: 19327031
references: Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2013 Aug;8(6):694-701
references: 22563003
references: PLoS One. 2011;6(6):e20879
references: 21687636
references: PLoS One. 2012;7(5):e37961
references: 22666425
references: J Autism Dev Disord. 2012 Nov;42(11):2420-30
references: 22434280
references: Nat Rev Neurosci. 2012 Apr 13;13(5):336-49
references: 22498897
references: Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2005 Apr;7(2):81-2
references: 15802082
references: J Autism Dev Disord. 2008 Jan;38(1):127-37
references: 17415630
references: Dev Psychol. 2010 Nov;46(6):1799-803
references: 20822211
references: Cereb Cortex. 2012 Jun;22(6):1333-42
references: 21856714
references: Trends Cogn Sci. 1999 Jun;3(6):216-222
references: 10354574
references: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2006 Oct;45(10):1206-1214
references: 17003666
references: J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2007 Jun;48(6):571-9
references: 17537073
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Jun 26;109 Suppl 1:10661-8
references: 22723358
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Oct 12;96(21):12204-9
references: 10518600
references: Neuron. 2012 Sep 6;75(5):904-15
references: 22958829
references: Am J Psychiatry. 2010 Jul;167(7):818-27
references: 20478875
references: Schizophr Res. 2008 Aug;103(1-3):298-310
references: 18571375
references: Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2007 Feb;17(1):103-11
references: 17275283
references: Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2011 Apr;156B(3):255-74
references: 21438136
references: Psychol Bull. 1997 Sep;122(2):153-69
references: 9283298
references: Biol Psychiatry. 2005 Jul 1;58(1):56-61
references: 15992523
references: J Autism Dev Disord. 2010 Aug;40(8):968-77
references: 20108115
references: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2000 Jul;57(7):637-48
references: 10891034