title: Population-based evaluation of incidence trends in oropharyngeal cancer focusing on socioeconomic status, sex, and race/ethnicity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The influences of socioeconomic status (SES) on the incidence rates of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) are unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from the California Cancer Registry and U.S. Census were used to compare incidence rates and trends of OPSCC and other human papillomavirus-related and -unrelated cancer sites by neighborhood SES, race/ethnicity, and sex.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of OPSCC rose in both higher and lower SES neighborhoods. Absolute rates were greater in the latter. Only non-Hispanic white males with OPSCC demonstrated a significant increase in the incidence rate of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). The incidence rate for this group increased from 4.5/100,000 person-years between 1988 and 1992 to 7.1 between 2003 and 2009. Regression analysis demonstrated an annual percentage change of 1% from 1988 to 1997 and 4% thereafter.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increases in incidence rates are SES independent. Incidence rates are higher in lower-SES groups. The rise in OPSCC incidence is limited to non-Hispanic white males.
authors: Stanford Division of Medical Oncology, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California.
authors: A Dimitrios
authors: AD
authors: Colevas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009959:Oropharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D044469:Racial Groups / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018426:SEER Program; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis
keywords: incidence trends; oropharyngeal carcinoma; population-based analysis; socioeconomic status; squamous cell carcinoma