title: The effects of racial discrimination on the HIV-risk cognitions and behaviors of Black adolescents and young adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Two studies examined the impact of racial discrimination on HIV-risk (substance use and risky sex) behaviors (Study 1) and cognitions (Study 2) among African Americans.
  
  
  METHODS
  Study 1 examined longer-term effects of cumulative discrimination on HIV-risk behaviors among 833 adolescents. In Study 2, Black young adults were excluded or included in an online game (Cyberball) by White peers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Study 1 revealed that discrimination was associated with greater HIV-risk behaviors contemporaneously, and with an increase in these behaviors over a 3-year period. In Study 2, excluded participants tended to attribute their exclusion to racial discrimination and reported greater risky sex and substance use willingness. In Study 1, the relation between discrimination and risky sex was mediated by substance use behavior. In Study 2, substance use willingness mediated the relation between perceived discrimination and risky sex willingness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings highlight the importance of examining the effects of discrimination on HIV risk among Black youth. The studies also demonstrate the utility of assessing social-psychological processes when examining the effects of discrimination on HIV-risk cognitions and behavior.
authors: The George Washington University, 2125 G St. NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA. mstock@gwu.edu
authors: Michelle L
authors: ML
authors: Stock
authors: Laurel M
authors: LM
authors: Peterson
authors: Frederick X
authors: FX
authors: Gibbons
authors: Meg
authors: M
authors: Gerrard
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology*; D003071:Cognition; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008960:Models, Psychological; D063505:Racism / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology; D012934:Social Isolation / Q000523:psychology; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology; D055815:Young Adult
references: Nicotine Tob Res. 2009 Jun;11(6):750-5
references: 19454552
references: J Pers Soc Psychol. 2010 Nov;99(5):785-801
references: 20677890
references: J Ethn Subst Abuse. 2004;3(3):33-47
references: 29019289
references: Psychol Rev. 2009 Apr;116(2):365-83
references: 19348546
references: J Adolesc. 2003 Apr;26(2):145-58
references: 12581723
references: J Behav Med. 2005 Oct;28(5):493-506
references: 16247592
references: J Behav Med. 2009 Feb;32(1):20-47
references: 19030981
references: J Pers Soc Psychol. 2004 Apr;86(4):517-29
references: 15053703
references: J Adolesc. 2010 Jun;33(3):463-75
references: 19608264
references: Psychol Bull. 2006 Mar;132(2):249-68
references: 16536643
references: Psychol Addict Behav. 2010 Sep;24(3):376-85
references: 20853922
references: Health Aff (Millwood). 2005 Mar-Apr;24(2):325-34
references: 15757915
references: J Sch Health. 2008 Nov;78(11):575-80
references: 18844809
references: Psychol Bull. 2009 Jul;135(4):531-54
references: 19586161
references: Am J Epidemiol. 2007 Nov 1;166(9):1068-79
references: 17698506
references: Annu Rev Psychol. 2007;58:425-52
references: 16968209
references: Dev Psychol. 2012 Jan;48(1):89-102
references: 21942666
references: J Pers Soc Psychol. 2005 Jun;88(6):934-947
references: 15982114
references: Br J Soc Clin Psychol. 1977 Feb;16(1):57-68
references: 843784
references: Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2011 Oct;37(10):1349-61
references: 21628598
references: J Behav Med. 2009 Feb;32(1):64-88
references: 19127420
references: Child Dev. 2004 May-Jun;75(3):900-17
references: 15144493
references: J Pers Soc Psychol. 2012 May;102(5):1089-104
references: 22390225
references: Am J Community Psychol. 1985 Feb;13(1):69-85
references: 3969968
references: J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2009 Jun;30(3):255-63
references: 19525720
references: J Behav Med. 2006 Feb;29(1):79-94
references: 16470345
references: J Pediatr Psychol. 2005 Jun;30(4):305-18
references: 15863428
references: Behav Res Methods Instrum Comput. 2004 Nov;36(4):717-31
references: 15641418
references: Drug Alcohol Depend. 2007 Apr;88 Suppl 1:S27-37
references: 17275213
references: Psychol Addict Behav. 2006 Jun;20(2):185-95
references: 16784365
references: Int J Aging Hum Dev. 2008;66(3):213-27
references: 18459602
references: Psychol Sci Public Interest. 2006 Sep;7(1):1-44
references: 26158695
references: J Pers Soc Psychol. 2000 Nov;79(5):748-62
references: 11079239
references: J Stud Alcohol Suppl. 2002 Mar;(14):101-17
references: 12022716
references: J Natl Med Assoc. 2007 Dec;99(12):1386-94
references: 18229775
references: J Adolesc Health. 2005 Jan;36(1):56-63
references: 15661597
references: AIDS Behav. 2010 Oct;14(5):1045-54
references: 20499153
references: Dev Psychopathol. 2002 Spring;14(2):371-93
references: 12030697