title: 3D interconnected porous biomimetic scaffolds: In vitro cell response.
abstract: Bone cell response to 3D bioinspired scaffolds was tested on osteoblast culture supernatants and by means of quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Foaming and freeze-drying method was optimized in order to obtain three-dimensional interconnected porous scaffolds of gelatin at different contents of nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (HA). Addition of a non toxic crosslinking agent during foaming stabilized the scaffolds, as confirmed by the slow and relatively low gelatin release in phosphate buffer up to 28 days. Micro-computed tomography reconstructed images showed porous interconnected structures, with interconnected pores displaying average diameter ranging from about 158 to about 71 μm as the inorganic phase content increases from 0 to 50 wt %. The high values of connectivity (>99%), porosity (> 60%), and percentage of pores with a size in the range 100-300 μm (>50%) were maintained up to 30 wt % HA, whereas higher content provoked a reduction of these parameters, as well as of the average pore size, and a significant increase of the compressive modulus and collapse strength up to 8 ± 1 and 0.9 ± 0.2 MPa, respectively. Osteoblast cultured on the scaffolds showed good adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. The presence of HA promoted ALP activity, TGF-β1, and osteocalcin production, in agreement with the observed upregulation of ALP, OC, Runx2, and TGF-β1 gene in qPCR analysis, indicating that the composite scaffolds enhanced osteoblast activation and extra-cellular matrix mineralization processes.
authors: Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician,", University of Bologna, Italy.
authors: Silvia
authors: S
authors: Panzavolta
authors: Paola
authors: P
authors: Torricelli
authors: Sofia
authors: S
authors: Amadori
authors: Annapaola
authors: A
authors: Parrilli
authors: Katia
authors: K
authors: Rubini
authors: Elena
authors: E
authors: della Bella
authors: Milena
authors: M
authors: Fini
authors: Adriana
authors: A
authors: Bigi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D040761:Biomimetic Materials / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry; D055119:Elastic Modulus / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016062:Porosity / Q000187:drug effects; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D034421:Sus scrofa; D013818:Thermogravimetry; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017886:Durapatite
keywords: bone scaffold; gelatin; hydroxyapatite; osteoblast; qPCR