title: The prevalence of temporomandibular disorders in patients with late whiplash syndrome who experience orofacial pain: a case-control series study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The authors conducted a study to compare the frequency of specific temporomandibular disorder (TMD) diagnoses in patients who had late whiplash syndrome (LWS) with that in a control group.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors recruited 65 patients who had orofacial pain and a previous diagnosis of LWS and 65 age- and sex-matched control patients who had chronic orofacial pain without a history of whiplash injury (WI) for a case-control series study. All patients completed a questionnaire pertaining to the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders and underwent a clinical examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The authors compared the frequency of TMD diagnoses in case patients with that in control patients by using a χ(2) test; they set the α level a priori at .05. The number of patients diagnosed with myofascial pain (MP) and disk displacement with reduction (DDWR) was significantly higher in the case group than in the control group (P = .002 and P = .001, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study show a higher frequency of MP and DDWR in patients with LWS than in patients with chronic orofacial pain and no history of WI. Practical Implications. Clinicians should be knowledgeable about the correlation between WI and TMD so they can inform and treat patients accurately.
authors: Department of Orthodontics and Gnathology, School of Dentistry, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Italy.
authors: Ida
authors: I
authors: Marini
authors: Sergio
authors: S
authors: Paduano
authors: Maria Lavinia
authors: ML
authors: Bartolucci
authors: Francesco
authors: F
authors: Bortolotti
authors: Giulio Alessandri
authors: GA
authors: Bonetti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005157:Facial Pain / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D004204:Joint Dislocations / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D015995:Prevalence; D019224:Temporomandibular Joint Disc / Q000293:injuries; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013706:Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology; D014911:Whiplash Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Temporomandibular dysfunction; late whiplash syndrome; myofascial pain; orofacial pain; temporomandibular disorders; whiplash injury; whiplash-associated disorders