title: Onset of work restriction in employed adults with lower limb joint pain: individual factors and area-level socioeconomic conditions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine individual and area-level socioeconomic factors that predict the onset of work restriction in employed persons with lower limb joint pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Population-based prospective cohort study. Adults were aged 50-59, reported hip, knee, foot pain or a combination and maintained employment through 3 year follow-up (n = 716). Work restriction was measured as inability to participate in work as desired. Multi-level logistic regression was used to assess the associations of work restriction onset with baseline factors: health (severity of knee pain/functional limitation, comorbidity, anxiety, depression, cognitive impairment, abnormal weight), demographic socio-economic, environment and area-level employment deprivation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  108 (15.1 %) reported the onset of work restriction over 3 years. Severe lower limb joint pain and functional limitation, number of affected body sites and area employment deprivation were independently associated with onset. Significant interactions indicated a greater effect of area employment deprivation on older and more depressed workers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggest that effectively preventing work disability in those with OA will require both condition-specific interventions to decrease pain and maintain function, and providing alternative employment opportunities for those with progressive functional limitations. Results in older workers are particularly concerning, as retirement ages are expected to increase in the general population.
authors: Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Primary Care Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK. r.wilkie@keele.ac.uk
authors: Ross
authors: R
authors: Wilkie
authors: Milisa
authors: M
authors: Blagojevic-Bucknall
authors: Kelvin P
authors: KP
authors: Jordan
authors: Glenn
authors: G
authors: Pransky
mesh_terms: D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology; D018771:Arthralgia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000523:psychology*; D004651:Employment; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014938:Work Capacity Evaluation
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