title: Rotenone could activate microglia through NFκB associated pathway.
abstract: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease, and its etiology remains obscure. Increasing evidence has suggested an important role for environmental factors such as exposure to pesticides in increasing the risk of developing PD and inflammation is the early incident during the process of PD. In this study, we measure the pro-inflammatory cytokines by enzyme-linked immunosorbnent assay and RT-PCR methods; analyze the reactive oxygen species by DCFH-DA; detected nuclear factor κB (NFκB) translocation by western blot and immunofluorescence methods; and analyze the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and protein level of Nurr1 by western blot. Results showed that rotenone could induce tumor neurosis factor α (TNFα) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) release from BV-2 cells, enhance TNFα and IL-1β mRNA levels in substantia nigra lesioned by rotenone; also, rotenone could increase the phosphorylation of inhibitor of κB (IκB), extracellular regulated protein kinase , c-Jun N-terminal kinase, p38 MAP kinases and promote p65 subunit of NFκB translocation to nuclear; at the same time, rotenone could decrease the protein level of Nurr1 in nuclear. So, rotenone exerted toxicity through activating microglia, and its mechanism might be associated with NFκB signal pathway.
authors: State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Xiannongtan Street, Xuanwu District, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China.
authors: Yu-he
authors: YH
authors: Yuan
authors: Jian-dong
authors: JD
authors: Sun
authors: Miao-miao
authors: MM
authors: Wu
authors: Jin-feng
authors: JF
authors: Hu
authors: Shan-ying
authors: SY
authors: Peng
authors: Nai-Hong
authors: NH
authors: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D015153:Blotting, Western; D017931:DNA Primers; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D017628:Microglia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012402:Rotenone / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D016328:NF-kappa B; D012402:Rotenone
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