title: Gestational diabetes mellitus: including serum pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A testing in the clinical management of primiparous women? A case-control study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) correlation with GDM and its usefulness in predicting GDM in primiparous women.
  
  
  METHODS
  First trimester data related to 307 pregnant women affected by GDM and 366 control pregnant women were retrieved from a computer data base and integrated with ad hoc data. Clinical data were recorded at delivery. A logistic model was used to analyze the association between first trimester data and subsequent clinical outcomes. We derived a risk score using both classical risk factors for GDM and PAPP-A.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Diabetic and control women were significantly different in terms of age (p<0.001), BMI (p<0.001), weight (p<0.001), family history of diabetes (p<0.001), PAPP-A concentration and PAPP-A corrected multiple of the median (MoM) (p<0.001). The ROC-AUC of the clinical risk score was 0.60 (95%CI 0.56-0.64), the adjusted score including PAPP-A MoM was 0.70 (95%CI 0.66-0.74).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low PAPP-A was strongly associated with GDM and lower values were found in diabetic women needing insulin therapy. Adding PAPP-A to first trimester screening could improve the prediction of women at high risk who will develop GDM. Further studies are needed to validate the applicability of our findings in different populations and settings.
authors: First Department of Medicine, IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy. e.lovati@smatteo.pv.it
authors: Elisabetta
authors: E
authors: Lovati
authors: Fausta
authors: F
authors: Beneventi
authors: Margherita
authors: M
authors: Simonetta
authors: Marco
authors: M
authors: Laneri
authors: Lara
authors: L
authors: Quarleri
authors: Luigia
authors: L
authors: Scudeller
authors: Giulia
authors: G
authors: Albonico
authors: Elena
authors: E
authors: Locatelli
authors: Chiara
authors: C
authors: Cavagnoli
authors: Carmine
authors: C
authors: Tinelli
authors: Arsenio
authors: A
authors: Spinillo
authors: Gino R
authors: GR
authors: Corazza
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D011266:Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A / Q000378:metabolism*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D011266:Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A