title: Diabetes and vascular disease: pathophysiology, clinical consequences, and medical therapy: part I.
abstract: Hyperglycemia and insulin resistance are key players in the development of atherosclerosis and its complications. A large body of evidence suggest that metabolic abnormalities cause overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In turn, ROS, via endothelial dysfunction and inflammation, play a major role in precipitating diabetic vascular disease. A better understanding of ROS-generating pathways may provide the basis to develop novel therapeutic strategies against vascular complications in this setting. Part I of this review will focus on the most current advances in the pathophysiological mechanisms of vascular disease: (i) emerging role of endothelium in obesity-induced insulin resistance; (ii) hyperglycemia-dependent microRNAs deregulation and impairment of vascular repair capacities; (iii) alterations of coagulation, platelet reactivity, and microparticle release; (iv) epigenetic-driven transcription of ROS-generating and proinflammatory genes. Taken together these novel insights point to the development of mechanism-based therapeutic strategies as a promising option to prevent cardiovascular complications in diabetes.
authors: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research, University of Zürich, Switzerland.
authors: Francesco
authors: F
authors: Paneni
authors: Joshua A
authors: JA
authors: Beckman
authors: Mark A
authors: MA
authors: Creager
authors: Francesco
authors: F
authors: Cosentino
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000209:etiology*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000502:physiology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000502:physiology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D009569:Nitric Oxide
keywords: Diabetes; Pathophysiology; Vascular disease
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