title: Digestive recovery of sulfur-methyl-L-methionine and its bioaccessibility in Kimchi cabbages using a simulated in vitro digestion model system.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sulfur-methyl-L-methionine (SMM) has been known to provide various biological functions such as radical scavenging effect, inhibition of adipocyte differentiation, and prevention of gastric mucosal damage. Kimchi cabbages are known to be a major food source providing SMM but its bioaccessibility has not been studied. The objective of current study was to determine both the digestive stability of SMM and the amount released from Kimchi cabbages under a simulated in vitro digestion model system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The in vitro digestion model system simulating a human gastrointestinal tract was carried out for measuring digestive recovery and bioaccessibility of SMM. SMM was quantified by using high-performance liquid chromatography with a fluorescence detector. Recovery of an SMM standard after digestion was 0.68 and 0.65% for fasted and fed conditions, respectively, indicating that the digestive stability of the SMM standard was not affected by dietary energy or co-ingested food matrix. The SMM standard was also significantly stable in acidic pH (P < 0.05). The bioaccessibility of SMM from Kimchi cabbages was measured under a fasted condition, resulted in 8.83, 14.71 and 10.88%, for salivary, gastric and small intestinal phases, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results from our study suggest that SMM from Kimchi cabbages, a component of food sources, is more bioavailable than SMM by itself.
authors: Department of Food Science & Technology and Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-747, Republic of Korea.
authors: Hae-Rim
authors: HR
authors: Lee
authors: Sun-Duk
authors: SD
authors: Cho
authors: Woon Kyu
authors: WK
authors: Lee
authors: Gun-Hee
authors: GH
authors: Kim
authors: Soon-Mi
authors: SM
authors: Shim
mesh_terms: D001682:Biological Availability; D001937:Brassica / Q000737:chemistry*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004063:Digestion; D004355:Drug Stability; D005215:Fasting; D005285:Fermentation; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D056910:Republic of Korea; D013457:Sulfur Compounds / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D014814:Vitamin U / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D013457:Sulfur Compounds; D014814:Vitamin U
keywords: HPLC; Kimchi cabbage; SMM; bioaccessibility; digestive recovery; in vitro digestion