title: Nanoparticle mediated brain targeted delivery of gallic acid: in vivo behavioral and biochemical studies for protection against scopolamine-induced amnesia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gallic acid (GA) has well-documented antioxidant and CNS effects affecting glutathione, catalase and malonaldehyde levels in brain.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to evaluate the anti-amnesic activity of pure GA in scopolamine (SC)-induced amnesic models and to enhance its effects using Tween 80®-coated nanoparticles.
  
  
  METHODS
  GA-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (GANP) and corresponding Tween 80®-coated batch (cGANP) were formulated. Amnesia was induced by using SC (0.4 mg/kg, i.v.). GA, GANP, cGANP (dose equivalent to GA 10 mg/kg, i.p.) and positive control Piracetam (400 mg/kg, i.p.) were administered for successive 7 days to male Swiss albino mice. The in vivo pharmacodynamic study was performed using Morris water maze (MWM) and elevated plus maze (EPM) models; locomotor activity using photoactometer and brain acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) activity was also studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GA-treated mice exhibited significant decrease in transfer latency in the EPM test; increase in time spent in target quadrant in MWM and reduced AChE activity. GA significantly reversed SC-induced amnesic activity. There was no significant change in locomotor activity of the mice by GA and its nanoparticle formulations. These effects were significantly increased by the administration of cGANP compared with pure GA administration but no significant change was observed for GANP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GA possesses anti-amnesic activity by reversing the SC-induced amnesia which may be attributed to its anti-cholinesterase activity. Tween 80®-coated nanoparticle approach with improved brain targeting may serve as an effective approach to enhance its anti-amnesic effect.
authors: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambeshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana, India.
authors: Kalpana
authors: K
authors: Nagpal
authors: S K
authors: SK
authors: Singh
authors: D N
authors: DN
authors: Mishra
mesh_terms: D000647:Amnesia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D005707:Gallic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D012601:Scopolamine / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D005707:Gallic Acid; D012601:Scopolamine