title: Salivary biomarkers for detection of systemic diseases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Analysis of inflammatory biomarkers in saliva could offer an attractive opportunity for the diagnosis of different systemic conditions specifically in epidemiological surveys. The aim of this study was to investigate if certain salivary biomarkers could be used for detection of common systemic diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomly selected sample of 1000 adults living in Skåne, a county in the southern part of Sweden, was invited to participate in a clinical study of oral health. 451 individuals were enrolled in this investigation, 51% women. All participants were asked to fill out a questionnaire, history was taken, a clinical examination was made and stimulated saliva samples were collected. Salivary concentrations of IL-1β, -6, -8, TNF-α, lysozyme, MMP-8 and TIMP-1 were determined using ELISA, IFMA or Luminex assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Salivary IL-8 concentration was found to be twice as high in subjects who had experience of tumour diseases. In addition, IL-8 levels were also elevated in patients with bowel disease. MMP-8 levels were elevated in saliva from patients after cardiac surgery or suffering from diabetes, and muscle and joint diseases. The levels of IL-1β, IL-8 and MMP-8, as well as the MMP-8/TIMP-1 ratio were higher in subjects with muscle and joint diseases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Biomarkers in saliva have the potential to be used for screening purposes in epidemiological studies. The relatively unspecific inflammatory markers used in this study can not be used for diagnosis of specific diseases but can be seen as markers for increased systemic inflammation.
authors: Karolinska Institutet, Department of Dental Medicine, Division of Periodontology, Stockholm, Sweden. Nilminie.Rathnayake@ki.se
authors: Nilminie
authors: N
authors: Rathnayake
authors: Sigvard
authors: S
authors: Akerman
authors: Björn
authors: B
authors: Klinge
authors: Nina
authors: N
authors: Lundegren
authors: Henrik
authors: H
authors: Jansson
authors: Ylva
authors: Y
authors: Tryselius
authors: Timo
authors: T
authors: Sorsa
authors: Anders
authors: A
authors: Gustafsson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D016021:Epidemiologic Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism*; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators
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