title: Late right ventricular perforation: a rare complication of a pacemaker implantation.
abstract: Right ventricular perforation by a pacemaker lead is a rare complication of pacemaker implantation, with an incidence inferior to 1%. It usually occurs at the time of lead insertion or during the first 24 hours after the procedure (acute perforation).Late right ventricular perforation, defined as occurring at least 1 month after lead implantation, is even rarer. The clinical presentation varies widely and is mainly related to the stimulation of extracardiac structures and/or lead dysfunction.Its diagnosis may be difficult and must be complemented by appropriate imaging methods. The optimal management strategy remains controversial, varying from surgery to more conservative treatments. The authors present a case of late right ventricular myocardium lead perforation occurring in a 56-year-old-male patient, approached with open surgery.
authors: Departamento de Cardiologia do Centro Hospitalar do Alto Ave, Guimarães - Centro de Cirurgia Cardiotorácica do Hospital de S.João, Porto, Portugal.
authors: Joana
authors: J
authors: Guardado
authors: Vitor Hugo
authors: VH
authors: Pereira
authors: Marina
authors: M
authors: Fernandes
authors: Vitor
authors: V
authors: Sanfins
authors: Vitor
authors: V
authors: Monteiro
authors: Paulo
authors: P
authors: Pinho
authors: António
authors: A
authors: Lourenço
mesh_terms: D006335:Heart Injuries / Q000209:etiology*; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000293:injuries*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013997:Time Factors