title: Thermotolerance responses in ripening berries of Vitis vinifera L. cv Muscat Hamburg.
abstract: Berry organoleptic properties are highly influenced by ripening environmental conditions. In this study, we used grapevine fruiting cuttings to follow berry ripening under different controlled conditions of temperature and irradiation intensity. Berries ripened at higher temperatures showed reduced anthocyanin accumulation and hastened ripening, leading to a characteristic drop in malic acid and total acidity. The GrapeGen GeneChip® combined with a newly developed GrapeGen 12Xv1 MapMan version were utilized for the functional analysis of berry transcriptomic differences after 2 week treatments from veraison onset. These analyses revealed the establishment of a thermotolerance response in berries under high temperatures marked by the induction of heat shock protein (HSP) chaperones and the repression of transmembrane transporter-encoding transcripts. The thermotolerance response was coincident with up-regulation of ERF subfamily transcription factors and increased ABA levels, suggesting their participation in the maintenance of the acclimation response. Lower expression of amino acid transporter-encoding transcripts at high temperature correlated with balanced amino acid content, suggesting a transcriptional compensation of temperature effects on protein and membrane stability to allow for completion of berry ripening. In contrast, the lower accumulation of anthocyanins and higher malate metabolization measured under high temperature might partly result from imbalance in the expression and function of their specific transmembrane transporters and expression changes in genes involved in their metabolic pathways. These results open up new views to improve our understanding of berry ripening under high temperatures.
authors: Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino ICVV, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas CSIC-Universidad de La Rioja-Gobierno de La Rioja, C/ Madre de Dios 51, 26006 Logroño, Spain. pablo.carbonell@icvv.es
authors: Pablo
authors: P
authors: Carbonell-Bejerano
authors: Eva
authors: E
authors: Santa María
authors: Rafael
authors: R
authors: Torres-Pérez
authors: Carolina
authors: C
authors: Royo
authors: Diego
authors: D
authors: Lijavetzky
authors: Gema
authors: G
authors: Bravo
authors: Jone
authors: J
authors: Aguirreolea
authors: Manuel
authors: M
authors: Sánchez-Díaz
authors: M Carmen
authors: MC
authors: Antolín
authors: José M
authors: JM
authors: Martínez-Zapater
mesh_terms: D000040:Abscisic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000235:genetics*; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D005638:Fruit / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000528:radiation effects; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000528:radiation effects; D000076249:Heat Shock Transcription Factors; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D008027:Light; D008293:Malates / Q000378:metabolism; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways / Q000235:genetics; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013696:Temperature; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics; D059467:Transcriptome; D027843:Vitis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D000872:Anthocyanins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D000076249:Heat Shock Transcription Factors; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D008293:Malates; D010940:Plant Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000040:Abscisic Acid; C030298:malic acid
keywords: ABA; Berry ripening; Light; Temperature; Transcriptomics; Vitis vinifera