title: Mechanism and enhancement of the surface stress caused by a small-molecule antigen and antibody binding.
abstract: Generation of microcantilever bending from biochemical interactions can have wide applications, ranging from high-throughput molecular detection to bioactuation. However, the origin of the biochemically induced surface stress causing the bending is a subject of much scientific debate and interest. Unlike a compressive surface stress caused by biomacromolecule antigen and antibody binding, here we show that a small molecule antigen and antibody binding on the surface gives rise to a tensile stress. We propose that the tensile stress is induced by antibody conformational change which manifests itself as Fab arm motion that exposes the C1q binding site of the antibody due to antigen binding. A microcantilever immunosensor was developed for the detection of Chlorimuron-ethyl (CE). We found that antibodies with oriented immobilization induce a greater resultant surface stress than those with random immobilization. The length of linker between the surface and the antibody plays an important role on the stress transmission. The shorter the length, the greater the surface stress. These mechanism and principles will underpin the design of devices and coatings to significantly lower the small molecule detection limit and may also have an impact on our understanding of antigen and antibody binding.
authors: CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Material, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, People's Republic of China.
authors: Shangquan
authors: S
authors: Wu
authors: Tiegui
authors: T
authors: Nan
authors: Changguo
authors: C
authors: Xue
authors: Teng
authors: T
authors: Cheng
authors: Hong
authors: H
authors: Liu
authors: Baomin
authors: B
authors: Wang
authors: Qingchuan
authors: Q
authors: Zhang
authors: Xiaoping
authors: X
authors: Wu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055910:Antibodies, Immobilized / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology; D000941:Antigens / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology; D001666:Binding Sites, Antibody; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000379:methods; D011487:Protein Conformation; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013453:Sulfonylurea Compounds / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D055910:Antibodies, Immobilized; D000941:Antigens; D011743:Pyrimidines; D013453:Sulfonylurea Compounds; C112343:chlorimuron ethyl