title: Effects of tactile massage on metabolic biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Tactile massage (TM) is a gentle and superficial form of massage. A pilot study of patients with type 2 diabetes in primary care reported a reduction of 0.8% in glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), whereas a randomized study comparing the effects of 10 weeks of TM once per week with relaxation exercises performed once per week as per instructions on a CD found no effects of TM on HbA(1c) in an intention-to-treat analysis. However, a significant reduction in waist circumference (WC) was found between the groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a secondary per-protocol analysis of the effect of TM (n=21) compared with relaxation (n=25) on other metabolic biomarkers. Anthropometrics (BMI and WC) and metabolic factors (B HbA(1c), S IGF, fS insulin, S adiponectin, S leptin and fP ghrelin) were assessed, insulin resistance (IR) was determined by modified homoeostasis model assessment (HOMA2-IR) using fP glucose and fS insulin, and ratios of adiponectin-to-leptin, adiponectin-to-HOMA-IR, adiponectin-to-WC and adiponectin-to-HbA1c were calculated at baseline, and at 10 weeks and 6 months after the intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant results adjusted for age, gender and changes in lifestyle and medical factors were shown for WC in women (-6.2 cm [95% CI: -10.4, -1.9]), but not in men. In addition, improvements in the TM group were found for adiponectin and ratios of adiponectin-to-leptin and adiponectin-to-HbA1c levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data indicate that TM therapy may affect metabolic markers in type 2 diabetes despite the lack of significant effects on HbA(1c). The clinical implications of our findings need to be evaluated in further studies.
authors: Centre for Family Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Alfred Nobels allé 12, S-141 83 Huddinge, Sweden. Electronic address: per.wandell@ki.se.
authors: P E
authors: PE
authors: Wändell
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Ärnlöv
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Nixon Andreasson
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Andersson
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Törnkvist
authors: A C
authors: AC
authors: Carlsson
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D057194:Intention to Treat Analysis; D008297:Male; D008405:Massage / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D012064:Relaxation Therapy / Q000379:methods; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents
keywords: Approches complémentaires/parallèles en santé; Complementary/alternative medicine; Diabetes mellitus; En Suède; Le diabète sucré; Les soins de santé primaires; Massage tactile; Primary health care; Relaxation; Sweden; Tactile massage