title: An updated definition of stroke for the 21st century: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association.
abstract: Despite the global impact and advances in understanding the pathophysiology of cerebrovascular diseases, the term "stroke" is not consistently defined in clinical practice, in clinical research, or in assessments of the public health. The classic definition is mainly clinical and does not account for advances in science and technology. The Stroke Council of the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association convened a writing group to develop an expert consensus document for an updated definition of stroke for the 21st century. Central nervous system infarction is defined as brain, spinal cord, or retinal cell death attributable to ischemia, based on neuropathological, neuroimaging, and/or clinical evidence of permanent injury. Central nervous system infarction occurs over a clinical spectrum: Ischemic stroke specifically refers to central nervous system infarction accompanied by overt symptoms, while silent infarction by definition causes no known symptoms. Stroke also broadly includes intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage. The updated definition of stroke incorporates clinical and tissue criteria and can be incorporated into practice, research, and assessments of the public health.
authors: Ralph L
authors: RL
authors: Sacco
authors: Scott E
authors: SE
authors: Kasner
authors: Joseph P
authors: JP
authors: Broderick
authors: Louis R
authors: LR
authors: Caplan
authors: J J Buddy
authors: JJ
authors: Connors
authors: Antonio
authors: A
authors: Culebras
authors: Mitchell S V
authors: MS
authors: Elkind
authors: Mary G
authors: MG
authors: George
authors: Allen D
authors: AD
authors: Hamdan
authors: Randall T
authors: RT
authors: Higashida
authors: Brian L
authors: BL
authors: Hoh
authors: L Scott
authors: LS
authors: Janis
authors: Carlos S
authors: CS
authors: Kase
authors: Dawn O
authors: DO
authors: Kleindorfer
authors: Jin-Moo
authors: JM
authors: Lee
authors: Michael E
authors: ME
authors: Moseley
authors: Eric D
authors: ED
authors: Peterson
authors: Tanya N
authors: TN
authors: Turan
authors: Amy L
authors: AL
authors: Valderrama
authors: Harry V
authors: HV
authors: Vinters
mesh_terms: D000572:American Heart Association / Q000266:history; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D009462:Neurology / Q000266:history*; D020521:Stroke / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000266:history*; D014481:United States; D014837:Voluntary Health Agencies / Q000266:history* / Q000592:standards*
keywords: AHA Scientific Statements; cerebral hemorrhage; cerebral infarction; stroke; subarachnoid hemorrhage; transient ischemic attack
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