title: Interaction of bioactive glass with clodronate.
abstract: Bone tissue engineering is a rapidly growing area of research involving the use of bioactive glass (BG) alone and in combination with different materials. The objective of this study was to investigate the interaction of BG with clodronate. Characterisation of the interaction between BG and clodronate was undertaken using; scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The interaction was examined in vitro with respect to the ion exchange and surface modification on the surface of the bioactive glass in the combination product. The results showed clear ion exchange enhancement by clodronate. Additionally, this ion exchange was more extensive and long lasting in the combination product than in BG alone. Clodronate promotes the activity of the BG and a calcium clodronate precipitation is formed. It can be assumed that this solid combination could be used in clinical applications. Therefore, it can be concluded that clodronate makes a beneficial environment for BG and could enhance also the apatite formation of BG.
authors: Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Finland. kirsi.rosenqvist@helsinki.fi
authors: Kirsi
authors: K
authors: Rosenqvist
authors: Sari
authors: S
authors: Airaksinen
authors: Sara J
authors: SJ
authors: Fraser
authors: Keith C
authors: KC
authors: Gordon
authors: Anne Mari
authors: AM
authors: Juppo
mesh_terms: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000737:chemistry; D004002:Clodronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D005898:Glass / Q000737:chemistry*; D007474:Ion Exchange; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D033362:Powder Diffraction; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D018786:Bone Substitutes; C403922:bioactive glass S53P4; D004002:Clodronic Acid