title: Value of melanocytic-associated immunohistochemical markers in the diagnosis of malignant melanoma: a review and update.
abstract: Since the identification of S100 protein as an immunohistochemical marker that could be useful in the diagnosis of melanoma in the early 1980s, a large number of other melanocytic-associated markers that could potentially be used to assist in the differential diagnosis of these tumors have also been investigated. A great variation exists, however, among these markers, not only in their expression in some subtypes of melanoma, particularly desmoplastic melanoma, but also in their specificity because some of them can also be expressed in nonmelanocytic neoplasms, including various types of soft tissue tumors and carcinomas. This article reviews the information that is currently available on the practical value of some of the markers that have more often been recommended for assisting in the diagnosis of melanomas, including those that have only recently become available.
authors: Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030. Electronic address: nordonez@mdanderson.org.
authors: Nelson G
authors: NG
authors: Ordóñez
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000032:analysis*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D051929:CD146 Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D050835:Interferon Regulatory Factors / Q000276:immunology; D058965:MART-1 Antigen / Q000276:immunology; D008544:Melanocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D008545:Melanoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D058950:Melanoma-Specific Antigens / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology; D051739:Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor / Q000276:immunology; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase / Q000276:immunology; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology; D044102:Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 1 / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology; D017475:Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D055757:SOXE Transcription Factors / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology; D012878:Skin Neoplasms; D060149:Tetraspanin 30 / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology; D058951:gp100 Melanoma Antigen; D000096142:Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma; D000099218:Interferon Regulatory Factor-4
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D051929:CD146 Antigen; D050835:Interferon Regulatory Factors; D058965:MART-1 Antigen; D058950:Melanoma-Specific Antigens; D051739:Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D044102:Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 1; D017475:Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor; D009418:S100 Proteins; D055757:SOXE Transcription Factors; D060149:Tetraspanin 30; D058951:gp100 Melanoma Antigen; D000099218:Interferon Regulatory Factor-4; C497902:MCAM protein, human; C548667:MLANA protein, human; C484065:NGFR protein, human; C548637:PMEL protein, human; C527923:SOX10 protein, human
keywords: Immunohistochemistry; KBA.62; Melan A; Melanoma; Microphthalmia transcription factor; PNL2; SOX10; Tyrosinase