title: Approaches for improving continuity of care in medication management: a systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Medication-related problems frequently occur during transitions and lead to patient harm, increased use of healthcare resources and increased costs. The objective of this systematic review is to synthesize the impact of approaches to optimize the continuity of care in medication management upon hospital admission and/or discharge.
  
  
  METHODS
  MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, IPA and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from 1995 through December 2010.
  
  
  METHODS
  Controlled, parallel-group trials. Data extraction Data were extracted by one researcher and checked by another. Both reviewers independently assessed the study quality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty studies met the inclusion criteria, but only 14 reached the predefined minimum quality score. Most studies focused on discharge and targeted the patients, sometimes together with primary care providers. The majority of studies found improvements in process measures. Patient education and counseling provided upon discharge and reinforced after discharge, sometimes together with improved communication with healthcare professionals, was shown to reduce the risk of adverse drug events and hospital re-admissions in some studies, but not all. Heterogeneity in study population as well as in intervention and outcome reporting precluded meta-analysis and limited interpretation. Most studies had important methodological limitations and were underpowered to show significant benefits on clinical outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The evidence for an impact of approaches on optimization of continuity of care in medication management remains limited. Further research should better target high-risk populations, use multicentered designs and have adequate sample size to evaluate the impact on process measures, clinical outcomes and cost-effectiveness.
authors: Pharmacy Department, Université catholique de Louvain, CHU Mont-Godinne Dinant, Brussels, Belgium. anne.spinewine@uclouvain.be
authors: Anne
authors: A
authors: Spinewine
authors: Coraline
authors: C
authors: Claeys
authors: Veerle
authors: V
authors: Foulon
authors: Pierre
authors: P
authors: Chevalier
mesh_terms: D003142:Communication; D003266:Continuity of Patient Care / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D059065:Medication Reconciliation / Q000458:organization & administration*; D010343:Patient Admission; D010351:Patient Discharge; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D017064:Process Assessment, Health Care; D058996:Quality Improvement / Q000458:organization & administration*; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: continuity of patient care; medication errors; medication therapy management; quality improvement; systematic review