title: Efficacy of surface treatments on the bond strength of resin cements to two brands of zirconia ceramic.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the shear bond strengths (SBS) of two cements to two Y-TZP ceramics subjected to different surface treatments.
  
  
  METHODS
  Zirconia specimens were made from Lava (n = 36) and IPS e.max ZirCAD (n = 36), and their surfaces were treated as follows: no treatment (control), silica coating with 30-µm silica-modified alumina (Al2O3) particles (CoJet Sand), or coating with liners Lava Ceram for Lava and Intensive ZirLiner for IPS e.max ZirCAD. Composite resin cylinders were bonded to zirconia with Panavia F or RelyX Unicem resin cements. All specimens were thermocycled (6000 cycles at 5°C/55°C) and subjected to SBS testing. Data were analyzed by three-way ANOVA and Tukey's (HSD) post-hoc test (α = 0.05). Failure mode was analyzed by stereomicroscope and SEM.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CoJet Sand and liners promoted significantly higher SBS than their control groups, but had similar results to one another. Panavia F provided significantly higher SBS values than RelyX Unicem (p < 0.01) for nontreated zirconia specimens of both brands. When Lava and IPS e.max ZirCAD were abraded with CoJet Sand, RelyX Unicem promoted significantly higher SBS values than Panavia F (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the two cements when the zirconia specimens were treated with their respective liners. The nontreated specimens and those treated with CoJet Sand exhibited a high percentage of adhesive and mixed A failures, while the specimens treated with liners presented an increase in mixed A and mixed C failures as well as some cohesive failure in the bulk of Lava Ceram for both cements.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CoJet Sand and liners provided the best surface treatment for Lava and IPS e.max ZirCAD. The best surface treatment/cement combinations were CoJet Sand/RelyX Unicem and liner/Panavia F. SBS of Panavia F and RelyX Unicem was not influenced by the zirconia brand.
authors: Department of Prosthodontics, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. paolo.baldissara@unibo.it
authors: Paolo
authors: P
authors: Baldissara
authors: Marco
authors: M
authors: Querzè
authors: Carlo
authors: C
authors: Monaco
authors: Roberto
authors: R
authors: Scotti
authors: Renata Garcia
authors: RG
authors: Fonseca
mesh_terms: D000268:Adhesiveness; D000537:Aluminum Oxide / Q000737:chemistry; D000538:Aluminum Silicates / Q000737:chemistry; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D045662:Dental Etching / Q000379:methods; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D005898:Glass / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D006813:Humidity; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D033081:Shear Strength; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D015019:Yttrium / Q000737:chemistry*; D015040:Zirconium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D003188:Composite Resins; D003738:Dental Cements; D003764:Dental Materials; C500742:ED Primer II; D008689:Methacrylates; C076808:Monobond S; C438843:Panavia-Fluoro; C483701:Rely X Unicem; D019279:Resin Cements; C084018:Scotchbond Multi-Purpose; C083568:Z100 composite resin; C499362:yttria stabilized tetragonal zirconia; C074669:Clearfil Photo Bond; D015019:Yttrium; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D015040:Zirconium; D000537:Aluminum Oxide