title: Catheter venography for the assessment of internal jugular veins and azygous vein: position statement by expert panel of the International Society for Neurovascular Disease.
abstract: This document by an expert panel of the International Society for Neurovascular Disease is aimed at presenting current technique and interpretation of catheter venography of the internal jugular veins, azygous vein and other veins draining the central nervous system. Although interventionalists agree on general rules, significant differences exist in terms of details of venographic technique and interpretations of angiographic pictures. It is also suggested that debatable findings should be investigated using multimodal diagnostics. Finally, the authors recommend that any publication on chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency should include detailed description of venographic technique used, to facilitate a comparison of published results in this area.
authors: Euromedic Medical Center, Department of Vascular Surgery, Katowice, Poland. mariansimka@poczta.onet.pl
authors: Marian
authors: M
authors: Simka
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Hubbard
authors: Adnan H
authors: AH
authors: Siddiqui
authors: Michael D
authors: MD
authors: Dake
authors: Salvatore J A
authors: SJ
authors: Sclafani
authors: Mamoon
authors: M
authors: Al-Omari
authors: Carlos G
authors: CG
authors: Eisele
authors: Ziv J
authors: ZJ
authors: Haskal
authors: Tomasz
authors: T
authors: Ludyga
authors: Zoran V
authors: ZV
authors: Miloševič
authors: Horst
authors: H
authors: Sievert
authors: Michael K
authors: MK
authors: Stehling
authors: Stefan
authors: S
authors: Zapf
authors: Marjeta
authors: M
authors: Zorc
mesh_terms: D001401:Azygos Vein / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002405:Catheterization, Central Venous / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000592:standards*; D002550:Cerebral Veins / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic; D006801:Humans; D007601:Jugular Veins / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D010690:Phlebography / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000592:standards*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy; D014689:Venous Insufficiency / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging