title: Empirical mode decomposition and k-nearest embedding vectors for timely analyses of antibiotic resistance trends.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Antibiotic resistance is a major worldwide public health concern. In clinical settings, timely antibiotic resistance information is key for care providers as it allows appropriate targeted treatment or improved empirical treatment when the specific results of the patient are not yet available.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To improve antibiotic resistance trend analysis algorithms by building a novel, fully data-driven forecasting method from the combination of trend extraction and machine learning models for enhanced biosurveillance systems.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigate a robust model for extraction and forecasting of antibiotic resistance trends using a decade of microbiology data. Our method consists of breaking down the resistance time series into independent oscillatory components via the empirical mode decomposition technique. The resulting waveforms describing intrinsic resistance trends serve as the input for the forecasting algorithm. The algorithm applies the delay coordinate embedding theorem together with the k-nearest neighbor framework to project mappings from past events into the future dimension and estimate the resistance levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The algorithms that decompose the resistance time series and filter out high frequency components showed statistically significant performance improvements in comparison with a benchmark random walk model. We present further qualitative use-cases of antibiotic resistance trend extraction, where empirical mode decomposition was applied to highlight the specificities of the resistance trends.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The decomposition of the raw signal was found not only to yield valuable insight into the resistance evolution, but also to produce novel models of resistance forecasters with boosted prediction performance, which could be utilized as a complementary method in the analysis of antibiotic resistance trends.
authors: Division of Medical Information Sciences, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. douglas.teodoro@unige.ch
authors: Douglas
authors: D
authors: Teodoro
authors: Christian
authors: C
authors: Lovis
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001185:Artificial Intelligence; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D055877:Biosurveillance; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D005544:Forecasting; D013223:Statistics as Topic / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
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