title: Isoflurane Induces Transient Anterograde Amnesia through Suppression of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Hippocampus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Transient anterograde amnesia is occasionally observed in a number of conditions, including migraine, focal ischemia, venous flow abnormalities, and after general anesthesia. The inhalation anesthetic, isoflurane, is known to induce transient anterograde amnesia. We examined the involvement of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) in the underlying mechanisms of the isoflurane-induced transient anterograde amnesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups : the control group, the 10 minutes after recovery from isoflurane anesthesia group, and the 2 hours after recovery from isoflurane anesthesia group (n=8 in each group). The rats in the isoflurane-exposed groups were anesthetized with 1.2% isoflurane in 75% nitrous oxide and 25% oxygen for 2 hours in a Plexiglas anesthetizing chamber. Short-term memory was determined using the step-down avoidance task. BDNF and TrkB expressions in the hippocampus were evaluated by immunofluorescence staining and western blot analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Latency in the step-down avoidance task was decreased 10 minutes after recovery from isoflurane anesthesia, whereas it recovered to the control level 2 hours after isoflurane anesthesia. The expressions of BDNF and TrkB in the hippocampus were decreased immediately after isoflurane anesthesia but were increased 2 hours after isoflurane anesthesia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, isoflurane anesthesia induced transient anterograde amnesia, and the expressions of BDNF and TrkB in the hippocampus might be involved in the underlying mechanisms of this transient anterograde amnesia.
authors: Department of Emergency Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea.
authors: Han-Jin
authors: HJ
authors: Cho
authors: Yun-Hee
authors: YH
authors: Sung
authors: Seung-Hwan
authors: SH
authors: Lee
authors: Jun-Young
authors: JY
authors: Chung
authors: Jong-Man
authors: JM
authors: Kang
authors: Jae-Woo
authors: JW
authors: Yi
keywords: Anterograde amnesia; Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; Hippocampus; Isoflurane; Tyrosine kinase B receptor
references: J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2011 Jan;336(1):134-44
references: 20807777
references: Mol Cell Neurosci. 2004 May;26(1):166-81
references: 15121188
references: Int J Clin Pract. 2008 Jun;62(6):939-42
references: 18248396
references: Exp Gerontol. 2010 May;45(5):357-65
references: 20156544
references: Neuron. 1999 Oct;24(2):401-14
references: 10571233
references: Science. 2010 Jun 11;328(5984):1412-5
references: 20538952
references: Alcohol. 2007 May;41(3):177-85
references: 17521848
references: Trends Neurosci. 2000 Dec;23(12):639-45
references: 11137155
references: Anesthesiology. 2002 May;96(5):1223-9
references: 11981164
references: Hippocampus. 2002;12(4):551-60
references: 12201640
references: Neurosci Lett. 2010 Feb 5;470(1):86-90
references: 20043974
references: J Neurosci. 2000 Sep 15;20(18):7116-21
references: 10995859
references: Behav Pharmacol. 2007 Sep;18(5-6):533-47
references: 17762522
references: Neuropsychologia. 2010 Jul;48(8):2290-302
references: 19883669
references: Brain Res. 1999 Jul 24;835(2):259-65
references: 10415381
references: Prog Neurobiol. 2001 Jan;63(1):71-124
references: 11040419
references: Anesthesiology. 1993 Jan;78(1):51-5
references: 8424571
references: Nature. 1993 Jan 7;361(6407):31-9
references: 8421494
references: Science. 2001 Mar 23;291(5512):2419-23
references: 11264540
references: Int J Dev Neurosci. 2007 Jun;25(4):243-9
references: 17434282
references: Front Biosci (Elite Ed). 2010 Jun 01;2:1275-98
references: 20515801
references: BMB Rep. 2009 May 31;42(5):239-44
references: 19470236
references: Anesth Analg. 1981 Sep;60(9):666-82
references: 7023281
references: Anesth Analg. 2009 Dec;109(6):1816-22
references: 19923508
references: Synapse. 2000 Oct;38(1):102-4
references: 10941145
references: Front Mol Neurosci. 2010 Feb 09;3:1
references: 20162032
references: Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2007 Jun;17(3):325-30
references: 17419049
references: Annu Rev Neurosci. 2000;23:649-711
references: 10845078
references: Anesth Analg. 2005 Sep;101(3):916-919
references: 16116014
references: Anesthesiology. 2002 Mar;96(3):588-94
references: 11873032
references: Mol Cell Neurosci. 2009 Oct;42(2):81-9
references: 19577647
references: Apoptosis. 2006 Sep;11(9):1603-15
references: 16738805
references: Neuroscience. 1998 Feb;82(4):957-67
references: 9466420
references: Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2008 Mar;89(3):312-23
references: 17942328
references: Anesthesiology. 2010 Dec;113(6):1299-309
references: 21042201