title: Association between gestational diabetes mellitus and subsequent overactive bladder among premenopausal female twins.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the association between a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and overactive bladder (OAB) in women of premenopausal age.
  
  
  METHODS
  Population-based study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Swedish Twin Register.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 2005, a total of 14 094 female twins born between 1959 and 1985 in the Swedish Twin Registry participated in a comprehensive survey on common exposures and complex diseases. Structured questions provided information on GDM and OAB. The present study was designed as a cross-sectional analysis including all women in the cohort having given birth before 2005 (n = 7855).
  
  
  METHODS
  A logistic regression model based on generalised estimating equations was used to derive odds ratios (ORs).
  
  
  METHODS
  The association between a history of GDM and OAB was estimated using ORs with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of OAB in women with a history of GDM was 19.1% compared with 10.7% in women without GDM. This corresponded to a two-fold increased odds of OAB in women with a history of gestational diabetes (OR 2.13, 95% CI 1.48-3.05). After adjusting the analysis for age, body mass index, parity, smoking, and diabetes mellitus, having had GDM was associated with doubled odds of OAB (OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.26-2.80).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A history of GDM was positively associated with OAB among women of premenopausal age. The association does not seem to be mediated by body mass index or type-I or type-II diabetes mellitus.
authors: Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. giorgio.tettamanti@ki.se
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Tettamanti
authors: A N
authors: AN
authors: Iliadou
authors: N L
authors: NL
authors: Pedersen
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Bellocco
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Altman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D017697:Premenopause; D015995:Prevalence; D012042:Registries; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D053201:Urinary Bladder, Overactive / Q000453:epidemiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Diabetes; gestational diabetes; overactive bladder