title: [Pathogenesis of spinal cord injuries and mechanisms of repair induced by olfactory ensheathing cells].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Spinal cord injury is a catastrophic event with permanent consequences during the all life. Treatment research has been based in the development of therapies that reduce the discapacity, but since the nineties there has been an important advance and several cellular transplants have been tested in spinal cord animal models, like Schwann cells, astrocytes and olfactory and olfactory ensheathing cells (OEC).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Detailed account of spinal cord injury pathogeny, primary and secondary, and the OEC mechanisms for the regeneration effects that have been described in the literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  After the trauma, spinal cord injury develops in two phases, the primary injury with characteristics compression lesions, and the secondary produce for several factors that occur in parallel and include: vascular, cellular and molecular factors, and glial scar formation. The most of spinal cord models and OEC transplants have been reported functional recovery, remielinization and axonal regeneration. These cells exert their action in a direct way by producing grow factors and in an indirect way inducing directly neuronal an axonal regeneration and remielinization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  OEC are a therapeutic option in patients with spinal cord injury, because they induce in a direct or indirect way, neuronal and axonal regeneration, remielinization, decrease the glial scar and produce other effects that conduce a functional recovery.
authors: Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota DC, Colombia. lbotero@unal.edu.co
authors: Lucía
authors: L
authors: Botero
authors: Rosa Margarita
authors: RM
authors: Gomez
authors: Orlando
authors: O
authors: Chaparro
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000502:physiology; D017690:Cell Transplantation; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000473:pathology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000502:physiology; D003711:Demyelinating Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D004487:Edema / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000209:etiology; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000502:physiology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D008833:Microcirculation; D017628:Microglia / Q000502:physiology; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000502:physiology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D055495:Neurogenesis; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000502:physiology; D009830:Olfactory Bulb / Q000166:cytology*; D051381:Rats; D012038:Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D012183:Retrograde Degeneration / Q000503:physiopathology; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000098:blood supply; D013117:Spinal Cord Compression / Q000150:complications; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins