title: The expression and role of Aquaporin 5 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Aquaporins (AQPs) are water channel proteins that facilitate transcellular water movements. Recent studies have shown that AQP5 is expressed in various cancers, and plays a role in tumor progression. However, its expression and role in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) have not been investigated. We examined the pathophysiologic role of AQP5 in cell proliferation and survival, and also investigated its expression and effects on the prognosis of ESCC patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  AQP5 expression in human ESCC cell lines was analyzed by Western blot testing. Knockdown experiments with AQP5 siRNA were conducted, and the effects on cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, and cell survival were analyzed. The cells' gene expression profiles were analyzed by microarray analysis. Immunohistochemistry of AQP5 for 68 primary tumor samples obtained from ESCC patients undergoing esophagectomy was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  AQP5 expression was high in TE2 and TE5 cells. In these cells, the knockdown of AQP5 using siRNA inhibited cell proliferation and G1-S phase progression, and induced apoptosis. The AQP5 siRNA transfected TE5 cells showed significant increase in p21 and decrease in CCND1 mRNA expression, respectively. The expression pattern of AQP5 and p21 protein was sharply contrasted, but AQP5 and CCND1 protein expression showed a similar pattern in ESCC tissue. These findings agree with the microarray results. Immunohistochemical staining of 68 ESCC patients showed the AQP5 expression is associated with tumor size, histological type, and tumor recurrence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The AQP5 expression in ESCC cells may affect cell proliferation and survival, and impact on the prognosis of ESCC patients.
authors: Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachihirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.
authors: Hiroki
authors: H
authors: Shimizu
authors: Atsushi
authors: A
authors: Shiozaki
authors: Daisuke
authors: D
authors: Ichikawa
authors: Hitoshi
authors: H
authors: Fujiwara
authors: Hirotaka
authors: H
authors: Konishi
authors: Hiromichi
authors: H
authors: Ishii
authors: Shuhei
authors: S
authors: Komatsu
authors: Takeshi
authors: T
authors: Kubota
authors: Kazuma
authors: K
authors: Okamoto
authors: Mitsuo
authors: M
authors: Kishimoto
authors: Eigo
authors: E
authors: Otsuji
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017209:Apoptosis; D051402:Aquaporin 5 / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000235:genetics; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 / Q000235:genetics; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D059585:G1 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints; D015870:Gene Expression; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000737:chemistry*; D011379:Prognosis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D059807:S Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D051402:Aquaporin 5; C530104:CCND1 protein, human; C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D019938:Cyclin D1
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