title: Postoperative simple biochemical markers for prediction of bone metastases in Egyptian breast cancer patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study was undertaken to identify patient populations at high risk for bone metastases (BM) at any time after diagnosis of operable breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total number of 59 cases with breast cancer after mastectomy was subdivided into two main groups that included 30 patients with radiologically confirmed BM and 29 patients with no bone metastasis (NBM). Patients with NBM were formerly observed for a one-year follow-up interval to monitor the development of bone metastasis (new BM). Parameters included a full blood picture, tumour markers (carcinoembryonic antigen and CA 15.3) and some biochemical markers (vascular endothelial growth factor and zinc levels, as well as tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase activities).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant elevation was recorded in carcinoembryonic antigen level and alkaline phosphatase activity, as well as inflammation and vascularisation markers at the time of primary diagnosis in patients with BM, compared with those without BM. CA 15.3 was significantly higher in the new BM group as compared with the other two groups (patients free of bone metastasis [free BM] and BM). According to the likelihood ratio, a panel of single, calculated as well as combined markers was proposed to predict BM within one year in breast cancer patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vascularisation and inflammation markers, as well as CA 15.3 are predictive of bone recurrence within one year in breast carcinoma patients. We suggest that in cancer validation studies it is imperative to search for markers that link to the premetastatic process and to determine what type of mechanism is active in each stage.
authors: Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Egypt.
authors: Nadia Ys
authors: NY
authors: Morcos
authors: Nadia I
authors: NI
authors: Zakhary
authors: Mahmoud M
authors: MM
authors: Said
authors: May Mm
authors: MM
authors: Tadros
keywords: Breast cancer; bone metastasis; inflammation markers; vascularisation markers
references: Cancers (Basel). 2010 Sep 30;2(4):1771-8
references: 24281200
references: Cell Commun Signal. 2010 Sep 07;8:24
references: 20822533
references: Cell Commun Signal. 2011 Sep 13;9:18
references: 21914164
references: Nature. 2008 Jul 24;454(7203):436-44
references: 18650914
references: Korean J Gastroenterol. 2011 Jan;57(1):19-27
references: 21258197
references: Nutrition. 2000 Jun;16(6):425-8
references: 10869897
references: Patholog Res Int. 2011;2011:572706
references: 21747968
references: Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2009 Jun;28(1-2):113-27
references: 19153673
references: Ann Nucl Med. 2011 Aug;25(7):469-77
references: 21476056
references: J Clin Oncol. 2011 Sep 20;29(27):3600-4
references: 21859994
references: Cancer Cell Int. 2011 Jul 27;11:24
references: 21794164
references: PLoS One. 2011 May 12;6(5):e19721
references: 21589862
references: J Oncol. 2012;2012:281261
references: 21876693
references: Hepatogastroenterology. 2011 Jan-Feb;58(105):147-52
references: 21510303
references: J Leukoc Biol. 2006 Oct;80(4):682-4
references: 16849612
references: Nat Rev Cancer. 2009 Dec;9(12):874-85
references: 19935676
references: Br J Cancer. 2006 Aug 21;95(4):506-14
references: 16880790
references: BMC Cancer. 2010 Apr 23;10:158
references: 20416078
references: Clin Chem. 2006 Mar;52(3):345-51
references: 16410341
references: J Biomed Sci. 2004 Jul-Aug;11(4):511-6
references: 15153786
references: Br J Cancer. 2011 Feb 15;104(4):726-34
references: 21266974
references: Breast. 2010 Oct;19(5):417-23
references: 20452771
references: Ann Oncol. 2012 Feb;23(2):338-45
references: 21543625
references: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005 Aug;25(8):1545-50
references: 15905465
references: Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2007 Dec;26(3-4):489-502
references: 17717633
references: J Cancer Res Ther. 2011 Apr-Jun;7(2):115-9
references: 21768695
references: Clin Chim Acta. 2010 Nov 11;411(21-22):1553-64
references: 20599857
references: PLoS One. 2011;6(12):e29363
references: 22195048
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Aug 23;108(34):14252-7
references: 21844363
references: Biomark Insights. 2011;6:83-93
references: 21918599
references: J Clin Invest. 2004 Dec;114(12):1714-25
references: 15599396
references: Circ Res. 2012 Jan 20;110(2):356-69
references: 22267840
references: Int J Cancer. 2010 Dec 15;127(12):2893-917
references: 21351269
references: Oncotarget. 2011 Dec;2(12):1191-202
references: 22202117
references: J Clin Pathol. 2007 Jun;60(6):705-8
references: 16644880
references: Anticancer Res. 2003 Mar-Apr;23(2A):1011-5
references: 12820340
references: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003 Nov;88(11):5059-75
references: 14602728
references: Cancer Microenviron. 2010 Mar 05;3(1):149-66
references: 21209781
references: Mol Cancer. 2011 Jul 28;10:93
references: 21798038
references: Eur J Gynaecol Oncol. 2011;32(6):615-8
references: 22335021
references: BMC Cancer. 2011 Sep 22;11:403
references: 21936956
references: J Thromb Haemost. 2011 Feb;9(2):237-49
references: 21040448
references: Bioanalysis. 2010 May;2(5):881-99
references: 21083219
references: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2008 May;17(5):1269-76
references: 18483350
references: Int J Exp Pathol. 2009 Jun;90(3):222-31
references: 19563607
references: Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2011 Jun;8(6):325-32
references: 21502993
references: Korean J Hepatol. 2010 Dec;16(4):389-96
references: 21415583
references: J Transl Med. 2011 Oct 17;9:177
references: 22005011
references: Clin Chim Acta. 2010 Dec 14;411(23-24):1869-74
references: 20816948
references: Blood. 2004 Oct 15;104(8):2224-34
references: 15231578
references: Haematologica. 2012 Feb;97(2):262-9
references: 21993683
references: Nat Rev Cancer. 2010 Jan;10(1):2-3
references: 20050335
references: Am J Surg. 1986 Nov;152(5):487-90
references: 3777326
references: Cancer Epidemiol. 2012 Feb;36(1):94-8
references: 21474411