title: High dose rate brachytherapy as monotherapy for localised prostate cancer: a hypofractionated two-implant approach in 351 consecutive patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To report the clinical outcome of high dose rate brachytherapy as sole treatment for clinically localised prostate cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between March 2004 and January 2008, a total of 351 consecutive patients with clinically localised prostate cancer were treated with transrectal ultrasound guided high dose rate brachytherapy. The prescribed dose was 38.0 Gy in four fractions (two implants of two fractions each of 9.5 Gy with an interval of 14 days between the implants) delivered to an intraoperative transrectal ultrasound real-time defined planning treatment volume. Biochemical failure was defined according to the Phoenix Consensus and toxicity evaluated using the Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Events version 3.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median follow-up time was 59.3 months. The 36 and 60 month biochemical control and metastasis-free survival rates were respectively 98%, 94% and 99%, 98%. Toxicity was scored per event with 4.8% acute Grade 3 genitourinary and no acute Grade 3 gastrointestinal toxicity. Late Grade 3 genitourinary and gastrointestinal toxicity were respectively 3.4% and 1.4%. No instances of Grade 4 or greater acute or late adverse events were reported.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results confirm high dose rate brachytherapy as safe and effective monotherapy for clinically organ-confined prostate cancer.
authors: Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum Offenbach, Starkenburgring 66, 63069 Offenbach, Germany. ntselis@hotmail.com
authors: Nikolaos
authors: N
authors: Tselis
authors: Ulf W
authors: UW
authors: Tunn
authors: Georgios
authors: G
authors: Chatzikonstantinou
authors: Natasa
authors: N
authors: Milickovic
authors: Dimos
authors: D
authors: Baltas
authors: Markus
authors: M
authors: Ratka
authors: Nikolaos
authors: N
authors: Zamboglou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D019583:Dose Fractionation, Radiation; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists
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