title: Naturopathic medicine for the prevention of cardiovascular disease: a randomized clinical trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although cardiovascular disease may be partially preventable through dietary and lifestyle-based interventions, few individuals at risk receive intensive dietary and lifestyle counselling. We performed a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of naturopathic care in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a multisite randomized controlled trial of enhanced usual care (usual care plus biometric measurement; control) compared with enhanced usual care plus naturopathic care (hereafter called naturopathic care). Postal workers aged 25-65 years in Toronto, Vancouver and Edmonton, Canada, with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease were invited to participate. Participants in both groups received care by their family physicians. Those in the naturopathic group also received individualized care (health promotion counselling, nutritional medicine or dietary supplementation) at 7 preset times in work-site clinics by licensed naturopathic doctors. The body weight, waist circumference, lipid profile, fasting glucose levels and blood pressure of participants in both groups were measured 3 times during a 1-year period. Our primary outcomes were the 10-year risk of having a cardiovascular event (based on the Framingham risk algorithm) and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (based on the Adult Treatment Panel III diagnostic criteria).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 246 participants randomly assigned to a study group, 207 completed the study. The characteristics of participants in both groups were similar at baseline. Compared with participants in the control group, at 52 weeks those in the naturopathic group had a reduced adjusted 10-year cardiovascular risk (control: 10.81%; naturopathic group: 7.74%; risk reduction -3.07% [95% confidence interval (CI) -4.35% to -1.78%], p < 0.001) and a lower adjusted frequency of metabolic syndrome (control group: 48.48%; naturopathic care: 31.58%; risk reduction -16.90% [95% CI -29.55% to -4.25%], p = 0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings support the hypothesis that the addition of naturopathic care to enhanced usual care may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease among those at high risk.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ClinicalTrials.gov, no. NCT0071879.
authors: Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, Toronto, Ont. dseely@ccnm.edu
authors: Dugald
authors: D
authors: Seely
authors: Orest
authors: O
authors: Szczurko
authors: Kieran
authors: K
authors: Cooley
authors: Heidi
authors: H
authors: Fritz
authors: Serenity
authors: S
authors: Aberdour
authors: Craig
authors: C
authors: Herrington
authors: Patricia
authors: P
authors: Herman
authors: Philip
authors: P
authors: Rouchotas
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Lescheid
authors: Ryan
authors: R
authors: Bradley
authors: Tara
authors: T
authors: Gignac
authors: Bob
authors: B
authors: Bernhardt
authors: Qi
authors: Q
authors: Zhou
authors: Gordon
authors: G
authors: Guyatt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001835:Body Weight; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000517:prevention & control; D008875:Middle Aged; D009324:Naturopathy / Q000379:methods*; D057285:Precision Medicine / Q000379:methods; D012307:Risk Factors; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008055:Lipids
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