title: Bradykinin in blood and cerebrospinal fluid after acute cerebral lesions: correlations with cerebral edema and intracranial pressure.
abstract: Bradykinin (BK) was shown to stimulate the production of physiologically active metabolites, blood-brain barrier disruption, and brain edema. The aim of this prospective study was to measure BK concentrations in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and ischemic stroke and to correlate BK levels with the extent of cerebral edema and intracranial pressure (ICP). Blood and CSF samples of 29 patients suffering from acute cerebral lesions (TBI, 7; SAH,: 10; ICH, 8; ischemic stroke, 4) were collected for up to 8 days after insult. Seven patients with lumbar drainage were used as controls. Edema (5-point scale), ICP, and the GCS (Glasgow Coma Score) at the time of sample withdrawal were correlated with BK concentrations. Though all plasma-BK samples were not significantly elevated, CSF-BK levels of all patients were significantly elevated in overall (n=73) and early (≤72 h) measurements (n=55; 4.3±6.9 and 5.6±8.9 fmol/mL), compared to 1.2±0.7 fmol/mL of controls (p=0.05 and 0.006). Within 72 h after ictus, patients suffering from TBI (p=0.01), ICH (p=0.001), and ischemic stroke (p=0.02) showed significant increases. CSF-BK concentrations correlated with extent of edema formation (r=0.53; p<0.001) and with ICP (r=0.49; p<0.001). Our results demonstrate that acute cerebral lesions are associated with increased CSF-BK levels. Especially after TBI, subarachnoid and intracerebral hemorrhage CSF-BK levels correlate with extent of edema evolution and ICP. BK-blocking agents may turn out to be effective remedies in brain injuries.
authors: 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum Großhadern, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich , Germany .
authors: Mathias
authors: M
authors: Kunz
authors: Juerg
authors: J
authors: Nussberger
authors: Markus
authors: M
authors: Holtmannspötter
authors: Harro
authors: H
authors: Bitterling
authors: Nikolaus
authors: N
authors: Plesnila
authors: Stefan
authors: S
authors: Zausinger
mesh_terms: D001920:Bradykinin / Q000097:blood* / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000097:blood* / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000097:blood* / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D004322:Drainage; D005260:Female; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D006801:Humans; D020300:Intracranial Hemorrhages / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D007427:Intracranial Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures; D018002:Receptors, Bradykinin / Q000378:metabolism; D020521:Stroke / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D018002:Receptors, Bradykinin; D001920:Bradykinin