title: Some recent trends and further promising directions in functional neurosurgery.
abstract: The field of functional neurosurgery has developed a number of recent innovative neuromodulatory approaches to treat disease that remains resistant to the best medical therapy. These include novel surgical techniques to intervene in motor and cognitive sequelae of refractory epilepsy, neurodegenerative disease, and certain psychiatric conditions. To a large extent, much of the innovation in our field continues to be driven by a systems-level understanding of the impact of disease on the brain. For example, several groups have exploited findings from neuroimaging work to identify a number of new potential neuromodulatory targets for the treatment of refractory depression. Ongoing discoveries at the cellular and molecular level promise targeted gene or drug delivery aimed at curing disease. Neurosurgeons will certainly remain at the forefront of translating these strategies into practical clinical applications. Several randomized trials are now underway to assess the safety and efficacy of a number of new approaches, and we will continue to acquire better knowledge of optimal patient selection, identification of the most effective neuromodulatory targets, and recognition of adverse effects as these studies progress.
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
authors: Travis S
authors: TS
authors: Tierney
authors: Tejas
authors: T
authors: Sankar
authors: Andres M
authors: AM
authors: Lozano
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000628:therapy; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D003863:Depression / Q000628:therapy*; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000628:therapy; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D006801:Humans; D006816:Huntington Disease / Q000628:therapy; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D062308:Optogenetics; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents