title: Customizing anaphylaxis guidelines for emergency medicine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Most episodes of anaphylaxis are managed in emergency medical settings, where the cardinal signs and symptoms often differ from those observed in the allergy clinic. Data suggest that low recognition of anaphylaxis in the emergency setting may relate to inaccurate coding and lack of a standard, practical definition.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Develop a simple, consistent definition of anaphylaxis for emergency medicine providers, supported by clinically relevant consensus statements.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Definitions of anaphylaxis and criteria for diagnosis from current anaphylaxis guidelines were reviewed with regard to their utilization in emergency medical settings. The agreed-upon working definition is: Anaphylaxis is a serious reaction causing a combination of characteristic findings, and which is rapid in onset and may cause death. It is usually due to an allergic reaction but can be non-allergic. The definition is supported by Consensus Statements, each with referenced discussion. For a positive outcome, quick diagnosis and treatment of anaphylaxis are critical. However, even in the emergency setting, the patient may not present with life-threatening symptoms. Because mild initial symptoms can quickly progress to a severe, even fatal, reaction, the first-line treatment for any anaphylaxis episode--regardless of severity--is intramuscular injection of epinephrine into the anterolateral thigh; delaying its administration increases the potential for morbidity and mortality. When a reaction appears as "possible anaphylaxis," it is generally better to err on the side of caution and administer epinephrine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We believe that this working definition and the supporting Consensus Statements are a first step to better management of anaphylaxis in the emergency medical setting.
authors: Wayne State University School of Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
authors: Richard
authors: R
authors: Nowak
authors: Judith Rosen
authors: JR
authors: Farrar
authors: Barry E
authors: BE
authors: Brenner
authors: Lawrence
authors: L
authors: Lewis
authors: Robert A
authors: RA
authors: Silverman
authors: Charles
authors: C
authors: Emerman
authors: Daniel P
authors: DP
authors: Hays
authors: W Scott
authors: WS
authors: Russell
authors: Natalie
authors: N
authors: Schmitz
authors: Judi
authors: J
authors: Miller
authors: Ethan
authors: E
authors: Singer
authors: Carlos A
authors: CA
authors: Camargo
authors: Joseph
authors: J
authors: Wood
mesh_terms: D000707:Anaphylaxis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D004635:Emergency Medicine / Q000379:methods*; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006801:Humans
keywords: allergic reaction; anaphylaxis; epinephrine (adrenaline); guidelines; life-threatening reaction