title: Diversity, host switching and evolution of Plasmodium vivax infecting African great apes.
abstract: Plasmodium vivax is considered to be absent from Central and West Africa because of the protective effect of Duffy negativity. However, there are reports of persons returning from these areas infected with this parasite and observations suggesting the existence of transmission. Among the possible explanations for this apparent paradox, the existence of a zoonotic reservoir has been proposed. May great apes be this reservoir? We analyze the mitochondrial and nuclear genetic diversity of P. vivax parasites isolated from great apes in Africa and compare it to parasites isolated from travelers returning from these regions of Africa, as well as to human isolates distributed all over the world. We show that the P. vivax sequences from parasites of great apes form a clade genetically distinct from the parasites circulating in humans. We show that this clade's parasites can be infectious to humans by describing the case of a traveler returning from the Central African Republic infected with one of them. The relationship between this P. vivax clade in great apes and the human isolates is discussed.
authors: Laboratoire Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteur: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle, Unité Mixte de Recherche 224-5290 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Montpellier 1 (UM1)-UM2, Centre IRD de Montpellier, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France. franck.prugnolle@ird.fr
authors: Franck
authors: F
authors: Prugnolle
authors: Virginie
authors: V
authors: Rougeron
authors: Pierre
authors: P
authors: Becquart
authors: Antoine
authors: A
authors: Berry
authors: Boris
authors: B
authors: Makanga
authors: Nil
authors: N
authors: Rahola
authors: Céline
authors: C
authors: Arnathau
authors: Barthélémy
authors: B
authors: Ngoubangoye
authors: Sandie
authors: S
authors: Menard
authors: Eric
authors: E
authors: Willaume
authors: Francisco J
authors: FJ
authors: Ayala
authors: Didier
authors: D
authors: Fontenille
authors: Benjamin
authors: B
authors: Ollomo
authors: Patrick
authors: P
authors: Durand
authors: Christophe
authors: C
authors: Paupy
authors: François
authors: F
authors: Renaud
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D002488:Central African Republic; D009033:Culicidae / Q000469:parasitology; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D014644:Genetic Variation; D016678:Genome; D006239:Haplotypes; D015186:Hominidae / Q000469:parasitology; D058507:Host Specificity; D006801:Humans; D008288:Malaria / Q000469:parasitology*; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D010966:Plasmodium vivax / Q000235:genetics*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial
keywords: emergence; malaria; origin; sylvatic; transfer
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