title: Expanding utilization of robotic partial nephrectomy for clinical T1b and complex T1a renal masses.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Partial nephrectomy is the standard of care for cT1a renal masses, offering equivalent oncologic outcomes and lower renal function impairment when compared to radical nephrectomy, with excellent overall survival results. Robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) allows to perform a precise tumor excision, simplifying the reconstruction steps of the procedure, especially in the treatment of complex or large renal tumors. Aim of this study was to summarize the available perioperative, functional, and oncological outcomes of RAPN performed for complex and/or large (cT1b) renal cell carcinoma (RCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a nonsystematic review of the literature using a free-text protocol in the Medline database, using the terms "robot-assisted partial nephrectomy" and "robotic partial nephrectomy." Two Authors reviewed separately to select RAPN series reporting data about complex and cT1b RCC. Other significant studies cited in the reference lists of the selected papers were also evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  According to the currently available evidences, RAPN offers promising results in terms of perioperative, functional, and oncological outcomes for the conservative management of complex or large renal tumors, even when compared with open and laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. Robot-assisted procedure allows surgeons to treat large and challenging renal masses, even if with higher warm ischemia time, operating time, and estimated blood loss in comparison with those obtained for the treatment of smaller lesions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the hands of experienced surgeons, RAPN is a safe and reproducible approach for the treatment of cT1b and more challenging renal tumors, and could represent the way to expand the indications for minimally invasive conservative approach to RCC.
authors: OLV Robotic Surgery Institute, Moorselban 164, 9300, Aalst, Belgium. mark.borghesi@gmail.com
authors: Marco
authors: M
authors: Borghesi
authors: Riccardo
authors: R
authors: Schiavina
authors: Melanie
authors: M
authors: Gan
authors: Giacomo
authors: G
authors: Novara
authors: Alexandre
authors: A
authors: Mottrie
authors: Vincenzo
authors: V
authors: Ficarra
mesh_terms: D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000145:classification* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000145:classification* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D010535:Laparoscopy; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D061646:Operative Time; D012371:Robotics / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D047368:Tumor Burden; D052096:Warm Ischemia
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