title: Diagnostic performance of a combination of Mini-Mental State Examination and Clock Drawing Test in detecting Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Because of the growing need for quick cognitive screening tests to distinguish Alzheimer's disease (AD) from mild cognitive impairment (MCI), we compare the diagnostic performance of a combination of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and a Clock Drawing Test (CDT) to the Japanese version of the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS-J cog) in differentiating between patients with AD, patients with MCI, and healthy controls (HC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from 146 subjects with AD and 60 subjects with MCI, as well as 49 HC, was retrospectively analyzed. We used logistic regression analysis with diagnosis as dependent variables and scores of the MMSE, the CDT-command, and the CDT-copy as independent variables, and receiver operating characteristic analysis to distinguish patients with AD from patients with MCI or HC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When patients with AD were compared to HC, the independent predictors of AD were scores on the MMSE and the CDT-command. This combination was more sensitive than the MMSE alone and has nearly the same sensitivity and specificity as the ADAS-J cog. When patients with AD were compared to patients with MCI, the independent predictors were the MMSE and the CDT-copy. This combination was more sensitive and specific than the MMSE alone and was almost as sensitive and specific as the ADAS-J cog.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of the MMSE and the CDT could be a powerful screening tool for differentiating between patients with AD, patients with MCI, and HC. Its sensitivity and specificity are comparable to ADAS-J cog, which takes more time.
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
authors: Yuka
authors: Y
authors: Kato
authors: Jin
authors: J
authors: Narumoto
authors: Teruyuki
authors: T
authors: Matsuoka
authors: Aiko
authors: A
authors: Okamura
authors: Hiroyuki
authors: H
authors: Koumi
authors: Yusuke
authors: Y
authors: Kishikawa
authors: Shigenori
authors: S
authors: Terashima
authors: Kenji
authors: K
authors: Fukui
keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; Clock Drawing Test; Mini-Mental State Examination; diagnostic techniques; mild cognitive impairment
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