title: Prevention of enamel demineralization during orthodontic treatment: an in vitro comparative study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Enamel demineralization is considered to be the most prevalent and significant iatrogenic effect associated with fixed orthodontic treatment and can seriously jeopardize both tooth longevity and dental esthetics. This in vitro study was undertaken to compare the effectiveness of four different commercially available surface treatment medicaments for the inhibition of enamel demineralization.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-five intact maxillary premolars extracted from patients undergoing orthodontic treatment were divided into five equal groups and were subjected to one of the following protocols: no treatment (control group) or treatment with one of the following four medicaments: fluoride varnish (Fluor Protector [FP]), casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (GC Tooth Mousse [TM]), calcium sodium phosphosilicate (SHY-NM), and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate with fluoride (GC Tooth Mousse Plus [TMP]). All the teeth were subjected to ten Cate demineralization solution?for 96 hours and subsequently evaluated under polarized light microscopy to obtain the mean depths of enamel demineralization. One-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni comparison tests were used to obtain statistically significant differences between the five different groups at P < .05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All four surface treatment medicaments provided statistically significant reduction in the depths of enamel demineralization as compared with the control group. FP provided the greatest protection of enamel surface in terms of reduction of lesion depth, followed by TMP, SHY-NM, and TM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of these commercially available medicaments could prove to be beneficial for patients undergoing orthodontic treatment and who are at a risk for developing enamel decalcification.
authors: Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Padmashree Dr D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, India. yashodhanbichu@gmail.com
authors: Yashodhan M
authors: YM
authors: Bichu
authors: Nandini
authors: N
authors: Kamat
authors: Pavan Kumar
authors: PK
authors: Chandra
authors: Aditi
authors: A
authors: Kapoor
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Razmus
authors: N K S
authors: NK
authors: Aravind
mesh_terms: D001641:Bicuspid / Q000187:drug effects; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002364:Caseins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005459:Fluorides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005460:Fluorides, Topical / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005898:Glass; D006801:Humans; D007049:Iatrogenic Disease; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008859:Microscopy, Polarization / Q000379:methods; D009967:Orthodontic Appliances / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011140:Polyurethanes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012821:Silanes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017001:Tooth Demineralization / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D002364:Caseins; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005460:Fluorides, Topical; C510984:NovaMin; D011140:Polyurethanes; D012821:Silanes; C447032:casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate nanocomplex; C022599:Fluor Protector; D005459:Fluorides