title: Three-dimensional deformation comparison of self-ligating brackets.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Archwire rotation is used in orthodontic treatment to alter the labiolingual orientation of a tooth. Measurement of the 3-dimensional (3D) motion of the orthodontic brackets requires a new configuration of the orthodontic torque simulator.
  
  
  METHODS
  The orthodontic torque simulator was coupled with a stereo microscope and 2 cameras to allow for the 3D bracket motion to be determined during wire twisting. The stereo camera images were processed with a 3D digital image correlation technique to determine the 3D deformation of the orthodontic brackets. Three self-ligating brackets (Damon Q, Ormco, Orange, Calif; In-Ovation R, GAC, Bohemia, NY; and Speed, Strite Industries, Cambridge, Ontario, Canada) were compared by using the 3D digital image correlation method to demonstrate the difference in 3D motion of self-ligating brackets components.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Contour plots of the 3 brackets demonstrate the 3D motion of the bracket tie-wings and the archwire retentive component. The 3D motion of the bracket tie-wings and archwire retentive component were quantified. The displacement values of the archwire retentive component measured with the 3D orthodontic torque simulator were found to be 2.0 and 3.5 times less for the In-Ovation and Damon Q brackets than the values in previous studies that examined the compliance of the archwire retentive component.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 3D digital image correlation method used to quantify bracket deformation showed the 3D motion of the bracket tie-wings and the motion of the archwire retentive component. The use of a 3D optical measurement system is useful to understand the motion of the archwire retentive component but is not necessary to quantify bracket tie-wing motion. This measurement technique can be used to evaluate brackets of varying designs.
authors: Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors: Garrett W
authors: GW
authors: Melenka
authors: David S
authors: DS
authors: Nobes
authors: Jason P
authors: JP
authors: Carey
authors: Paul W
authors: PW
authors: Major
mesh_terms: D003799:Dental Stress Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009969:Orthodontic Wires / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009971:Orthodontics, Corrective / Q000295:instrumentation; D019415:Torque