title: Cardiovascular risk, atherosclerosis and metabolic syndrome after liver transplantation: a mini review.
abstract: Liver transplantation is the standard of care for acute and chronic end-stage liver disease. Advances in medical therapy and surgical techniques have transformed the long-term survival of liver-transplant (LT) recipients. The prevalence of post-transplant cardiovascular complications has been rising with increased life expectancy after liver transplantation. Currently, deaths related to cardiovascular complications are one of the main causes of long-term mortality in LT recipients, as cardiovascular disease is the reason of 19-42% of non-liver-related mortality after transplant. On the other hand, metabolic syndrome is common among LT recipients before and after transplantation. In fact, their components (abdominal obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and dyslipidemia) are often exacerbated by transplant-specific factors, such as immunosuppression, inappropriate diet, smoking and a sedentary lifestyle, and add a significant risk of developing atherosclerosis. These aspects are discussed in this article.
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Division, Hepatology Branch, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil. cpm@usp.br
authors: Claudia Pinto Marques Souza de
authors: CP
authors: Oliveira
authors: Jose Tadeu
authors: JT
authors: Stefano
authors: Mário Reis
authors: MR
authors: Alvares-da-Silva
mesh_terms: D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000401:mortality; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D017741:Survivors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002317:Cardiovascular Agents