title: Effects of enamel matrix proteins in combination with a bovine-derived natural bone mineral for the repair of bone defects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previously, the use of enamel matrix derivative (EMD) in combination with a natural bone mineral (NBM) was able to stimulate periodontal ligament cell and osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. Despite widespread use of EMD for periodontal applications, the effects of EMD on bone regeneration are not well understood. The aim of the present study was to test the ability of EMD on bone regeneration in a rat femur defect model in combination with NBM.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-seven rats were treated with either NBM or NBM + EMD and assigned to histological analysis at 2, 4, and 8 weeks. Defect morphology and mineralized bone were assessed by μCT. For descriptive histology, hematoxylin and eosin staining and Safranin O staining were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significantly more newly formed trabecular bone was observed at 4 weeks around the NBM particles precoated with EMD when compared with NBM particles alone. The drilled control group, in contrast, achieved minimal bone regeneration at all three time points (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present results may suggest that EMD has the ability to enhance the speed of new bone formation when combined with NBM particles in rat osseous defects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings may provide additional clinical support for the combination of EMD with bone graft for the repair of osseous and periodontal intrabony defects.
authors: The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China.
authors: Richard J
authors: RJ
authors: Miron
authors: Lingfei
authors: L
authors: Wei
authors: Dieter D
authors: DD
authors: Bosshardt
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Buser
authors: Anton
authors: A
authors: Sculean
authors: Yufeng
authors: Y
authors: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000378:metabolism; D002417:Cattle; D003746:Dental Enamel Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008903:Minerals / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography
chemical_list: D003746:Dental Enamel Proteins; D008903:Minerals; C109069:enamel matrix proteins
references: Clin Oral Investig. 2011 Apr;15(2):225-32
references: 20054593
references: J Periodontol. 2002 Jul;73(7):789-96
references: 12146539
references: Orthod Craniofac Res. 2009 Aug;12(3):243-53
references: 19627527
references: J Periodontol. 2000 Aug;71(8):1278-86
references: 10972643
references: J Periodontol. 2007 Feb;78(2):231-8
references: 17274711
references: Clin Oral Investig. 2012 Feb;16(1):275-83
references: 21225299
references: Clin Oral Investig. 2012 Jun;16(3):867-78
references: 21584694
references: J Oral Implantol. 2010;36(3):195-204
references: 20553173
references: J Oral Implantol. 2004;30(2):69-73
references: 15119455
references: Clin Oral Investig. 2012 Aug;16(4):1191-7
references: 21881869
references: Cells Tissues Organs. 2002;171(2-3):117-27
references: 12097834
references: Acta Biomater. 2013 Jan;9(1):4796-805
references: 22985741
references: Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol. 2009 Dec;17(6):530-5
references: 19407655
references: Clin Oral Investig. 2012 Jun;16(3):745-54
references: 21647590
references: PLoS One. 2011;6(8):e23375
references: 21858092
references: Clin Oral Investig. 2013 Mar;17(2):405-10
references: 22552595
references: J Periodontol. 2002 Apr;73(4):433-40
references: 11990445
references: J Periodontol. 2012 Jul;83(7):936-47
references: 22141360
references: Anat Rec. 2001 Dec 1;264(4):438-46
references: 11745098
references: Clin Oral Investig. 2013 Mar;17(2):411-21
references: 22552596
references: Bone. 2012 Oct;51(4):704-13
references: 22796416
references: Clin Oral Investig. 2006 Sep;10(3):227-34
references: 16703336
references: Clin Oral Implants Res. 2004 Feb;15(1):101-11
references: 14731183
references: J Periodontol. 2008 Jul;79(7):1217-24
references: 18597604
references: Biomaterials. 2012 Oct;33(28):6698-708
references: 22763224
references: J Dent Res. 2006 Sep;85(9):775-93
references: 16931858
references: J Periodontol. 2004 Oct;75(10):1309-18
references: 15562907
references: Curr Top Dev Biol. 2006;74:57-115
references: 16860665
references: Biomaterials. 2010 Dec;31(36):9452-61
references: 20869769
references: J Periodontol. 2000 Jul;71(7):1110-6
references: 10960017
references: J Clin Periodontol. 2008 Sep;35(8 Suppl):117-35
references: 18724846
references: J Clin Periodontol. 2008 Sep;35(8 Suppl):87-105
references: 18724844
references: J Periodontol. 2003 Dec;74(12):1725-35
references: 14974812