title: Memory decay and susceptibility to amnesia dissociate punishment--from relief-learning.
abstract: Painful events shape future behaviour in two ways: stimuli associated with pain onset subsequently support learned avoidance (i.e. punishment-learning) because they signal future, upcoming pain. Stimuli associated with pain offset in turn signal relief and later on support learned approach (i.e. relief-learning). The relative strengths of such punishment- and relief-learning can be crucial for the adaptive organization of behaviour in the aftermath of painful events. Using Drosophila, we compare punishment- and relief-memories in terms of their temporal decay and sensitivity to retrograde amnesia. During the first 75 min following training, relief-memory is stable, whereas punishment-memory decays to half of the initial score. By 24 h after training, however, relief-memory is lost, whereas a third of punishment-memory scores still remain. In accordance with such rapid temporal decay from 75 min on, retrograde amnesia erases relief-memory but leaves a half of punishment-memory scores intact. These findings suggest differential mechanistic bases for punishment- and relief-memory, thus offering possibilities for separately interfering with either of them.
authors: Department of Genetics of Learning and Memory, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN), Magdeburg, Germany.
authors: Sören
authors: S
authors: Diegelmann
authors: Stephan
authors: S
authors: Preuschoff
authors: Mirjam
authors: M
authors: Appel
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Niewalda
authors: Bertram
authors: B
authors: Gerber
authors: Ayse
authors: A
authors: Yarali
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning; D008568:Memory; D023421:Models, Animal; D011678:Punishment; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: Drosophila melanogaster; memory stability; punishment-learning; reinforcement; relief-learning; retrograde amnesia
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