title: An audit of manufacturers' implementation of reconstruction filters in single-photon emission computed tomography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Nuclear Medicine Software Quality Group of the Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine has conducted an audit to compare the ways in which different manufacturers implement the filters used in single-photon emission computed tomography. The aim of the audit was to identify differences between manufacturers' implementations of the same filter and to find means for converting parameters between systems.
  
  
  METHODS
  Computer-generated data representing projection images of an ideal test object were processed using seven different commercial nuclear medicine systems. Images were reconstructed using filtered back projection and a Butter worth filter with three different cutoff frequencies and three different orders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The audit found large variations between the frequency-response curves of what were ostensibly the same filters on different systems. The differences were greater than could be explained simply by different Butter worth formulae. Measured cutoff frequencies varied between 40 and 180% of that expected. There was also occasional confusion with respect to frequency units.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The audit concluded that the practical implementation of filtering, such as the size of the kernel, has a profound effect on the results, producing large differences between systems. Nevertheless, this work shows how users can quantify the frequency response of their own systems so that it will be possible to compare two systems in order to find filter parameters on each that produce equivalent results. These findings will also make it easier for users to replicate filters similar to other published results, even if they are using a different computer system.
authors: Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, London, UK. richard.lawson@manchester.ac.uk
authors: Richard S
authors: RS
authors: Lawson
authors: Duncan
authors: D
authors: White
authors: Sarah C
authors: SC
authors: Cade
authors: David O
authors: DO
authors: Hall
authors: Bob
authors: B
authors: Kenny
authors: Andy
authors: A
authors: Knight
authors: Lefteris
authors: L
authors: Livieratos
authors: Kuldip
authors: K
authors: Nijran
mesh_terms: D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000592:standards*; D011786:Quality Control; D012984:Software; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon / Q000592:standards*