title: Postural reorganization induced by torso cutaneous covibration.
abstract: Cutaneous information from joints has been attributed proprioceptive properties similar to those of muscle spindles. This study aimed to assess whether vibration-induced changes in torso cutaneous information contribute to whole-body postural reorganization in humans. Ten healthy young adults stood in normal and Romberg stances with six vibrating actuators positioned on the torso in contact with the skin over the left and right external oblique, internal oblique, and erector spinae muscle locations at the L4/L5 vertebrae level. Vibrations around the torso were randomly applied at two locations simultaneously (covibration) or at all locations simultaneously. Kinematic analysis of the body segments indicated that covibration applied to the skin over the internal oblique muscles induced shifts of both the head and torso in the anterior direction (torso flexion) while the hips shifted in the posterior direction (ankle plantar flexion). Conversely, covibration applied to the skin over the erector spinae muscle locations produced opposite effects. However, covibration applied to the skin over the left internal oblique and left erector spinae, the right internal oblique and right erector spinae, or at all locations simultaneously did not induce any significant postural changes. In addition, the center of pressure position as measured by the force plate was unaffected by all covibration conditions tested. These results were independent of stance and suggest an integrated and coordinated reorganization of posture in response to vibration-induced changes in cutaneous information. In addition, combinations of vibrotactile stimuli over multiple locations exhibit directional summation properties in contrast to the individual responses we observed in our previous work.
authors: Departments of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
authors: Beom-Chan
authors: BC
authors: Lee
authors: Bernard J
authors: BJ
authors: Martin
authors: Allison
authors: A
authors: Ho
authors: Kathleen H
authors: KH
authors: Sienko
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000294:innervation; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology*; D011312:Pressure; D011434:Proprioception / Q000502:physiology*; D012867:Skin / Q000294:innervation*; D060726:Torso / Q000502:physiology*; D014732:Vibration; D055815:Young Adult
references: Exp Brain Res. 1986;64(2):380-91
references: 3803478
references: Hum Mov Sci. 2011 Apr;30(2):153-71
references: 20580112
references: Exp Brain Res. 2011 Apr;210(2):313-24
references: 21442219
references: Gait Posture. 2013 Mar;37(3):391-6
references: 23022157
references: Exp Brain Res. 1998 Oct;122(4):393-402
references: 9827858
references: Acta Physiol Scand. 1970 Oct;80(2):178-95
references: 5475340
references: Neurosci Lett. 1991 Sep 2;130(1):9-11
references: 1749521
references: Clin Neurophysiol. 2007 Nov;118(11):2456-67
references: 17897877
references: Neurosci Lett. 2009 Dec 31;467(3):220-4
references: 19837131
references: Gait Posture. 2012 Apr;35(4):523-8
references: 22406291
references: Brain Res. 1982 Jul 22;244(1):27-35
references: 6288181
references: Exp Brain Res. 1999 Jan;124(1):80-8
references: 9928792
references: Brain Res Cogn Brain Res. 2003 Mar;16(1):74-82
references: 12589891
references: Aviat Space Environ Med. 1986 Jul;57(7):681-7
references: 3741292
references: Exp Brain Res. 1987;65(3):538-48
references: 3556482
references: Aviat Space Environ Med. 1980 Aug;51(8):778-87
references: 7417144
references: Comput Biol Med. 2007 Jul;37(7):1009-19
references: 17067566
references: Dev Med Child Neurol. 1989 Aug;31(4):481-8
references: 2680688
references: Brain. 1972;95(4):705-48
references: 4265060
references: Neurosci Lett. 1982 Dec 31;34(3):289-94
references: 6298676
references: IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2010 Apr;57(4):944-52
references: 19932987
references: Exp Brain Res. 1981;43(2):217-25
references: 6454585
references: J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2012 Aug 03;9:53
references: 22863399
references: Neurosci Lett. 1989 Sep 25;104(1-2):130-5
references: 2812525
references: Muscle Nerve. 2007 Jul;36(1):21-9
references: 17471568
references: J Physiol. 1976 Oct;261(3):673-93
references: 135840
references: Eur J Neurosci. 1999 Feb;11(2):647-54
references: 10051765
references: J Physiol. 1976 Oct;261(3):695-711
references: 135841
references: J Biomech. 1984;17(2):137-44
references: 6725293
references: Exp Brain Res. 2012 Oct;222(4):471-82
references: 22968737
references: J Physiol. 2007 Apr 15;580(Pt. 2):649-58
references: 17255169
references: Annu Rev Neurosci. 2008;31:125-50
references: 18338968
references: IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 1995 Jan;42(1):87-101
references: 7851935
references: J Vestib Res. 2005;15(5-6):313-25
references: 16614476
references: J Assoc Res Otolaryngol. 2005 Sep;6(3):191-206
references: 16088383
references: Prog Brain Res. 1993;97:349-58
references: 8234760
references: J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2012 Feb 08;9:10
references: 22316167
references: Exp Brain Res. 1989;76(1):213-22
references: 2753103
references: J Physiol. 2001 Feb 15;531(Pt 1):289-97
references: 11179411
references: J Physiol. 1999 Feb 1;514 ( Pt 3):915-28
references: 9882761
references: Exp Brain Res. 1993;93(3):499-515
references: 8519339
references: J Neurophysiol. 2008 Dec;100(6):3394-406
references: 18829854
references: J Neurophysiol. 2005 Sep;94(3):1699-706
references: 15917323
references: J Physiol. 2001 May 1;532(Pt 3):869-78
references: 11313452
references: J Vestib Res. 2008;18(5-6):273-85
references: 19542601
references: Exp Brain Res. 2001 Mar;137(2):170-9
references: 11315545
references: Neurosci Lett. 2005 Mar 29;377(2):75-80
references: 15740840
references: Prog Neurobiol. 1992;38(1):35-56
references: 1736324
references: Neuroscience. 2012 Jun 28;213:62-71
references: 22521818