title: Suppression of inflammatory reactions by terpinen-4-ol, a main constituent of tea tree oil, in a murine model of oral candidiasis and its suppressive activity to cytokine production of macrophages in vitro.
abstract: The onset of oral candidiasis is accompanied by inflammatory symptoms such as pain in the tongue, edema or tissue damage and lowers the quality of life (QOL) of the patient. In a murine oral candidiasis model, the effects were studied of terpinen-4-ol (T-4-ol), one of the main constituents of tea tree oil, Melaleuca alternifolia, on inflammatory reactions. When immunosuppressed mice were orally infected with Candida albicans, their tongues showed inflammatory symptoms within 24 h after the infection, which was monitored by an increase of myeloperoxidase activity and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 in their tongue homogenates. Oral treatment with 50 µL of 40 mg/mL terpinen-4-ol 3h after the Candida infection clearly suppressed the increase of these inflammatory parameters. In vitro analysis of the effects of terpinen-4-ol on cytokine secretion of macrophages indicated that 800 µg/mL of this substance significantly inhibited the cytokine production of the macrophages cultured in the presence of heat-killed C. albicans cells. Based on these findings, the role of the anti-inflammatory action of T-4-ol in its therapeutic activity against oral candidiasis was discussed.
authors: Teikyo University Institute of Medical Mycology, Hachioji, Tokyo 192–0395, Japan. kninomiya@daiwa-pharm.com
authors: Kentaro
authors: K
authors: Ninomiya
authors: Kazumi
authors: K
authors: Hayama
authors: Sanae A
authors: SA
authors: Ishijima
authors: Naho
authors: N
authors: Maruyama
authors: Hiroshi
authors: H
authors: Irie
authors: Junichi
authors: J
authors: Kurihara
authors: Shigeru
authors: S
authors: Abe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002180:Candidiasis, Oral / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D054426:Chemokine CXCL2 / Q000276:immunology; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000276:immunology; D020947:Tea Tree Oil; D013729:Terpenes / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014059:Tongue / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D054426:Chemokine CXCL2; C404915:Cxcl2 protein, mouse; D013729:Terpenes; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C034019:terpinenol-4; D020947:Tea Tree Oil; D009195:Peroxidase