title: Tumor angiogenesis after heated lipiodol infusion via the hepatic artery in a rabbit model of VX2 liver cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to observe the changes in tumor angiogenesis after heated lipiodol (60°C) infusion via the hepatic artery in a rabbit model of VX2 liver cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty rabbits with VX2 hepatic tumors were randomly divided into 2 groups (10 rabbits in each group). Under anesthesia, a trans-catheter hepatic arterial infusion was performed, and lipiodol (37°C; control group) or heated lipiodol (60°C; treated group) was injected into the hepatic arteries of the animals. Then, changes in tumor angiogenesis were assessed using the following markers and methods. 1. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression levels in the tumor were assessed using western blotting and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). 2. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression in the tumor was assessed through immunohistochemical staining. 3. The morphological changes in tumor vascular endothelial cells were observed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  VEGFR and VEGF mRNA and protein expression levels were reduced in the treated group compared to the control group. PCNA protein showed reduced expression levels in the treated group compared to the control group. TEM indicated that the endothelial cell endoplasmic reticulum expanded, the chondriosome was swollen, and the endothelial cell microvilli were decreased after heated lipiodol infusion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The tumor angiogenesis of rabbits with VX2 cancer was inhibited after arterial heated lipiodol infusion compared to lipiodol infusion.
authors: Department of Interventional Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China. cawe-001@163.com
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Cao
authors: Xiang
authors: X
authors: Xu
authors: Juliang
authors: J
authors: Zhang
authors: Yunyou
authors: Y
authors: Duan
mesh_terms: D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016461:Chemoembolization, Therapeutic; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004998:Ethiodized Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006499:Hepatic Artery; D008114:Liver Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000628:therapy*; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D011817:Rabbits; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013696:Temperature; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D004998:Ethiodized Oil; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
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