title: Subantimicrobial-dose doxycycline treatment increases serum cholesterol efflux capacity from macrophages.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Subantimicrobial-dose doxycycline (SDD) treatment has been reported to reduce the severity of chronic inflammation and to increase serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, we determined whether SDD affects the ability of serum to facilitate cholesterol removal from macrophages.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-five postmenopausal osteopenic women with periodontitis were randomly assigned to take placebo (n = 26) or doxycycline hyclate (20 mg, n = 19) tablets twice daily for 2 years. Serum samples were collected at baseline, 1-, and 2-year appointments. The cholesterol efflux capacity of serum from cultured human macrophages (THP-1) was measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SDD subjects demonstrated a significant increase in serum-mediated cholesterol efflux from macrophages at both time points compared to baseline (p < 0.04 for each). Mean cholesterol efflux levels over the first year of follow-up were 3.0 percentage points (unit change) higher among SDD subjects compared to placebo subjects (p = 0.010), while there was no significant difference in 2-year changes. There were no significant differences in the changes of apolipoprotein A-I, apolipoprotein A-II, or serum amyloid A levels between the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that SDD treatment may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease in this patient group by increasing the cholesterol efflux capacity of serum.
authors: Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 63, 00014 Helsinki, Finland. aino.m.salminen@helsinki.fi
authors: Aino
authors: A
authors: Salminen
authors: Pirkko J
authors: PJ
authors: Pussinen
authors: Jeffrey B
authors: JB
authors: Payne
authors: Julie A
authors: JA
authors: Stoner
authors: Matti
authors: M
authors: Jauhiainen
authors: Lorne M
authors: LM
authors: Golub
authors: Hsi-Ming
authors: HM
authors: Lee
authors: David M
authors: DM
authors: Thompson
authors: Timo
authors: T
authors: Sorsa
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I / Q000097:blood; D016633:Apolipoprotein A-II / Q000097:blood; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004318:Doxycycline / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D017698:Postmenopause; D000685:Serum Amyloid A Protein / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; D016633:Apolipoprotein A-II; D000685:Serum Amyloid A Protein; D002784:Cholesterol; D004318:Doxycycline
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