title: Clinical evaluation and endoscopic classification of bronchomalacia in dogs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Little information is available about the association between bronchomalacia and historical or clinicopathologic data. Also, studies applying an endoscopic classification scheme that differentiates between static and dynamic bronchial collapse and based on a scoring system are lacking.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe the clinical presentation of bronchomalacia in dogs, to classify endoscopic findings, and to evaluate associations among historical, clinicopathologic data, and endoscopic findings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-nine client-owned dogs with an endoscopic diagnosis of bronchomalacia.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this retrospective study, medical records were analyzed and video documentation was reviewed to assign a score to endoscopic findings. Univariate analysis was performed on categorical variables organized in contingency tables, and a stepwise logistic regression model was used for multivariate analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 59 dogs included in the study, 2 were affected by static bronchial collapse (SBC), 35 by dynamic bronchial collapse (DBC), and 22 by both SBC and DBC. The association between SBC and DBC was more frequently seen in the dogs with higher body weight, pulmonary hypertension, a bronchial type of radiographic pattern, and nodularity at endoscopic examination. Thirty-one dogs were presented with tracheomalacia and bronchomalacia; an association emerged between these concurrent disorders in dogs living indoors. Multivariate analysis of the endoscopic scores showed a correlation between DBC severity and cough duration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results of this study provide evidence for 2 different types of bronchial collapse. Endoscopic scoring scheme has proved to be promising in the bronchomalacia classification, although further evaluation of its applicability in larger canine populations is needed.
authors: Poliambulatorio Veterinario Argentina, Imperia, Italy.
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Bottero
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Bellino
authors: D
authors: D
authors: De Lorenzi
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Ruggiero
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Tarducci
authors: A
authors: A
authors: D'Angelo
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Gianella
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055091:Bronchomalacia / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D001999:Bronchoscopy / Q000662:veterinary*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000145:classification / Q000473:pathology*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D008297:Male
keywords: Airway collapse; Bronchi; Canine; Chronic cough; Respiratory endoscopy