title: Oral fluoroquinolones and risk of glaucoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the risk of developing glaucoma in patients taking systemic fluoroquinolones.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case-control study was carried out among a cohort of subjects who had visited an ophthalmologist in the Province of British Columbia, Canada from 2000 to 2007. Cases were identified as those newly diagnosed with glaucoma (ICD-9 360). For each case, 5 controls were selected and matched to the cases by age and calendar time. Crude and adjusted rate ratios (RRs) for current, recent, past, and distant use of fluoroquinolones were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From the cohort of 989,591 subjects, 178,264 subjects were diagnosed with glaucoma and 891,320 were corresponding controls. The 2 groups had same average age of 65 and comparable systemic comorbidities including hypertension, coronary artery disease, and diabetes. There was no statistically significant association between the use of systemic fluoroquinolones and the development of glaucoma for current use [RR=1.01 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.95-1.07)], recent use [RR=1.00 (95% CI, 0.92-1.08)], or past use [RR=0.94 (95% CI, 0.90-1.00)]. Distant use of systemic fluoroquinolones had a small statistically significant increased risk of developing glaucoma [RR=1.12 (95% CI, 1.09-1.14)].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was no detected increased association of the development of glaucoma with current, recent, or past use of systemic fluoroquinolone but a minimal statistically significant increased risk was associated with distant use. Future studies should further examine a potential delayed response with fluoroquinolones and glaucoma.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors: Louis
authors: L
authors: Yang
authors: Mahyar
authors: M
authors: Etminan
authors: Frederick S
authors: FS
authors: Mikelberg
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005260:Female; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000139:chemically induced*; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019055:No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level; D016017:Odds Ratio; D017891:Pharmacoepidemiology; D018570:Risk Assessment
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D024841:Fluoroquinolones