title: Resistant starch from high amylose maize (HAM-RS2) and dietary butyrate reduce abdominal fat by a different apparent mechanism.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Obesity is a health concern. Resistant starch (RS) type 2 from high-amylose maize (HAM-RS2) and dietary sodium butyrate (SB) reduce abdominal fat in rodents. RS treatment is associated with increased gut hormones peptide YY (PYY) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), but it is not known if SB increases these hormones.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was investigated in a 2 × 2 rat study with HAM-RS2 (0 or 28% weight) and dietary sodium butyrate (0 and 3.2%) resulting in isocaloric treatments: energy control (EC), sodium butyrate (SB), HAM-RS2 (RS), and the combination (SBRS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  RS and SB reduced abdominal fat and the combination reduced abdominal fat compared to SB and RS. RS was associated with increased fermentation in the cecum. Serum PYY and GLP-1 total were increased with RS treatment. RS treatment was associated with increased cecal butyrate produced from fermentation of RS, but there was no cecal increase for dietary SB.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SB after its absorption into the blood appears to not affect production of PYY and GLP-1, while butyrate from fermentation in the cecum promotes increased PYY and GLP-1. Future studies with lower doses of RS and SB are warranted and the combination may be beneficial for human health.
authors: School of Human Ecology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.
authors: Kirk
authors: K
authors: Vidrine
authors: Jianping
authors: J
authors: Ye
authors: Roy J
authors: RJ
authors: Martin
authors: Kathleen L
authors: KL
authors: McCutcheon
authors: Anne M
authors: AM
authors: Raggio
authors: Christine
authors: C
authors: Pelkman
authors: Holiday A
authors: HA
authors: Durham
authors: June
authors: J
authors: Zhou
authors: Reshani N
authors: RN
authors: Senevirathne
authors: Cathy
authors: C
authors: Williams
authors: Frank
authors: F
authors: Greenway
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Finley
authors: Zhanguo
authors: Z
authors: Gao
authors: Felicia
authors: F
authors: Goldsmith
authors: Michael J
authors: MJ
authors: Keenan
mesh_terms: D050153:Abdominal Fat / Q000473:pathology*; D050154:Adiposity; D000688:Amylose / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001644:Bifidobacterium / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D020148:Butyric Acid / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002432:Cecum / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D005285:Fermentation; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000819:agonists / Q000378:metabolism; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D056546:Lactobacillales / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019894:Peptide YY / Q000819:agonists / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology; D056692:Prebiotics; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D013213:Starch / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003313:Zea mays / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents; D010940:Plant Proteins; D056692:Prebiotics; D019894:Peptide YY; D020148:Butyric Acid; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D013213:Starch; D000688:Amylose