title: Differences in predictors of traditional and cyber-bullying: a 2-year longitudinal study in Korean school children.
abstract: Traditional bullying has received considerable research but the emerging phenomenon of cyber-bullying much less so. Our study aims to investigate environmental and psychological factors associated with traditional and cyber-bullying. In a school-based 2-year prospective survey, information was collected on 1,344 children aged 10 including bullying behavior/experience, depression, anxiety, coping strategies, self-esteem, and psychopathology. Parents reported demographic data, general health, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. These were investigated in relation to traditional and cyber-bullying perpetration and victimization at age 12. Male gender and depressive symptoms were associated with all types of bullying behavior and experience. Living with a single parent was associated with perpetration of traditional bullying while higher ADHD symptoms were associated with victimization from this. Lower academic achievement and lower self esteem were associated with cyber-bullying perpetration and victimization, and anxiety symptoms with cyber-bullying perpetration. After adjustment, previous bullying perpetration was associated with victimization from cyber-bullying but not other outcomes. Cyber-bullying has differences in predictors from traditional bullying and intervention programmes need to take these into consideration.
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Gangnam Severance Hospital, 211 Eonjuro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 135-720, Republic of Korea. sjyang@yuhs.ac
authors: Su-Jin
authors: SJ
authors: Yang
authors: Robert
authors: R
authors: Stewart
authors: Jae-Min
authors: JM
authors: Kim
authors: Sung-Wan
authors: SW
authors: Kim
authors: Il-Seon
authors: IS
authors: Shin
authors: Michael E
authors: ME
authors: Dewey
authors: Sean
authors: S
authors: Maskey
authors: Jin-Sang
authors: JS
authors: Yoon
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology; D058445:Bullying / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D019548:Crime Victims / Q000523:psychology*; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D010379:Peer Group; D011446:Prospective Studies; D056910:Republic of Korea; D012574:Schools; D012649:Self Concept; D057566:Self Report; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
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