title: Mobile contingency management as an adjunctive smoking cessation treatment for smokers with posttraumatic stress disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Smokers with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) smoke at higher prevalence rates and are more likely to relapse early in a quit attempt. Innovative methods are needed to enhance quit rates, particularly in the early quit period. Web-based contingency-management (CM) approaches have been found helpful in reducing smoking among other difficult-to-treat smoker populations but are limited by the need for computers. This pilot study builds on the web-based CM approach by evaluating a smartphone-based application for CM named mobile CM (mCM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Following a 2-week training period, 22 smokers with PTSD were randomized to a 4-week mCM condition or a yoked (i.e., noncontingent 4-week mCM condition). All smokers received 2 smoking cessation counseling sessions, nicotine replacement, and bupropion. Participants could earn up to $690 ($530 for mCM, $25.00 for assessments and office visits [up to 5], and $35.00 for equipment return). The average earned was $314.00.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compliance was high during the 2-week training period (i.e., transmission of videos) (93%) and the 4-week treatment period (92%). Compliance rates did not differ by group assignment. Four-week quit rates (verified with CO) were 82% for the mCM and 45% for the yoked controls. Three-month self-report quit rates were 50% in the mCM and 18% in the yoked controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  mCM may be a useful adjunctive smoking cessation treatment component for reducing smoking among smokers with PTSD, particularly early in a smoking quit attempt.
authors: Research and Development Service, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC;
authors: Jeffrey S
authors: JS
authors: Hertzberg
authors: Vickie L
authors: VL
authors: Carpenter
authors: Angela C
authors: AC
authors: Kirby
authors: Patrick S
authors: PS
authors: Calhoun
authors: Scott D
authors: SD
authors: Moore
authors: Michelle F
authors: MF
authors: Dennis
authors: Paul A
authors: PA
authors: Dennis
authors: Eric A
authors: EA
authors: Dedert
authors: Jean C
authors: JC
authors: Beckham
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001521:Behavior Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D016642:Bupropion / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012008:Recurrence; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods* / Q000523:psychology; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology; D061485:Tobacco Use Cessation Devices / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; D016642:Bupropion
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