title: Foodborne transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy to nonhuman primates.
abstract: Risk for human exposure to bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)-inducing agent was estimated in a nonhuman primate model. To determine attack rates, incubation times, and molecular signatures, we orally exposed 18 macaques to 1 high dose of brain material from cattle with BSE. Several macaques were euthanized at regular intervals starting at 1 year postinoculation, and others were observed until clinical signs developed. Among those who received ≥5 g BSE-inducing agent, attack rates were 100% and prions could be detected in peripheral tissues from 1 year postinoculation onward. The overall median incubation time was 4.6 years (3.7-5.3). However, for 3 macaques orally exposed on multiple occasions, incubation periods were at least 7-10 years. Before clinical signs were noted, we detected a non-type 2B signature, indicating the existence of atypical prion protein during the incubation period. This finding could affect diagnosis of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans and might be relevant for retrospective studies of positive tonsillectomy or appendectomy specimens because time of infection is unknown.
authors: Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany. holed@pei.de
authors: Edgar
authors: E
authors: Holznagel
authors: Barbara
authors: B
authors: Yutzy
authors: Walter
authors: W
authors: Schulz-Schaeffer
authors: Carina
authors: C
authors: Kruip
authors: Uwe
authors: U
authors: Hahmann
authors: Pär
authors: P
authors: Bierke
authors: Juan-Maria
authors: JM
authors: Torres
authors: Yong-Sun
authors: YS
authors: Kim
authors: Achim
authors: A
authors: Thomzig
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Beekes
authors: Gerhard
authors: G
authors: Hunsmann
authors: Johannes
authors: J
authors: Loewer
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D002417:Cattle; D007562:Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000635:transmission; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D016643:Encephalopathy, Bovine Spongiform / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000635:transmission*; D005517:Foodborne Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D055256:Infectious Disease Incubation Period; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D008460:Meat / Q000506:poisoning; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D018620:PrPSc Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016415:Sequence Alignment
chemical_list: D018620:PrPSc Proteins
keywords: BSE; Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease; Macaca fascicularis; bovine spongiform encephalopathy; dietary; foodborne; incubation period; nonhuman primates; prions and related diseases
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