title: Dietary phosphatidylinositol protects C57BL/6 mice from concanavalin A-induced liver injury by modulating immune cell functions.
abstract: METHODS
  Several recent studies have demonstrated that phospholipids (PLs) supplementation can modulate the function of cultured-immune cells. Furthermore, dietary PLs have been shown to ameliorate inflammatory processes and immune responses in arthritic and diabetic murine models, respectively. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the immune-modulating activities of dietary soybean PLs in mice, with particular emphasis on the immune cell functions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mice were fed semisynthetic diets for 6 weeks, which contained either 7% soybean oil or 5% soybean oil plus 2% of either PL: phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylinositol (PI), or phosphatidylserine (PS). Production of concanavalin A (Con A)-induced proinflammatory cytokines was significantly decreased in the splenocytes isolated from mice fed PI compared to other lipids. Supplementation of the diet with PI, but not with the other lipids, significantly suppressed the proinflammatory cytokine serum levels and the development of Con A-induced liver damages.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These observations suggest that dietary PI influenced immune functions, resulting in the prevention of pathogenesis and development of the liver injury in mice.
authors: Department of Mangroves and Bio-resources, Center of Molecular Biosciences, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.
authors: Masashi
authors: M
authors: Inafuku
authors: Koji
authors: K
authors: Nagao
authors: Ayako
authors: A
authors: Inafuku
authors: Teruyoshi
authors: T
authors: Yanagita
authors: Naoyuki
authors: N
authors: Taira
authors: Takayoshi
authors: T
authors: Toda
authors: Hirosuke
authors: H
authors: Oku
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology*; D003208:Concanavalin A / Q000633:toxicity*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D004032:Diet; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010716:Phosphatidylinositols / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010718:Phosphatidylserines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013024:Soybean Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines; D010716:Phosphatidylinositols; D010718:Phosphatidylserines; D003208:Concanavalin A; D013024:Soybean Oil
keywords: Concanavalin A-induced liver injury; Dietary phospholipids; Phosphatidylcholine; Phosphatidylinositol; Phosphatidylserine