title: Integrated parallel reception, excitation, and shimming (iPRES).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a new concept for a hardware platform that enables integrated parallel reception, excitation, and shimming.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  This concept uses a single coil array rather than separate arrays for parallel excitation/reception and B0 shimming. It relies on a novel design that allows a radiofrequency current (for excitation/reception) and a direct current (for B0 shimming) to coexist independently in the same coil.
  
  
  METHODS
  Proof-of-concept B0 shimming experiments were performed with a two-coil array in a phantom, whereas B0 shimming simulations were performed with a 48-coil array in the human brain.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our experiments show that individually optimized direct currents applied in each coil can reduce the B0 root-mean-square error by 62-81% and minimize distortions in echo-planar images. The simulations show that dynamic shimming with the 48-coil integrated parallel reception, excitation, and shimming array can reduce the B0 root-mean-square error in the prefrontal and temporal regions by 66-79% as compared with static second-order spherical harmonic shimming and by 12-23% as compared with dynamic shimming with a 48-coil conventional shim array.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results demonstrate the feasibility of the integrated parallel reception, excitation, and shimming concept to perform parallel excitation/reception and B0 shimming with a unified coil system as well as its promise for in vivo applications.
authors: Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27705, USA.
authors: Hui
authors: H
authors: Han
authors: Allen W
authors: AW
authors: Song
authors: Trong-Kha
authors: TK
authors: Truong
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008280:Magnetics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018511:Systems Integration; D014159:Transducers
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