title: P14ARF is down-regulated during tumour progression and predicts the clinical outcome in human breast cancer.
abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the mRNA expression for p14 and p16 in a cohort of women with breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Breast cancer specimens (N= 127) and normal tissue (N=23) specimens were studied. Transcript levels were determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and were correlated with clinicopathological data collected over 10 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Higher p14 mRNA transcript levels were associated with non-cancerous background tissue specimens (median copy numbers: 103 vs. 4, p=0.0095), with better overall and disease-free survival, and in TNM2 stage tumours (TNM2 vs. TNM1, 27.2 vs. 3.5, p=0.049; TNM1/TNM2 vs. TNM3/4, 26 vs. 2, p=0.009). There was no significant relationship between p16 levels and clinicopathological parameters. A correlation between p14 and human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) levels was observed (r=0.406, p=0.00005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  p14 expression seems to increase initially in early breast cancer and decrease with further tumour progression. p14 may be induced to counteract immortalisation and hTERT surge.
authors: London Breast Institute, the Princess Grace Hospital, 45 Nottingham Place, London W1U 5NY, UK.
authors: Umar
authors: U
authors: Wazir
authors: Wen G
authors: WG
authors: Jiang
authors: Hemad
authors: H
authors: Yasaei
authors: Hanna
authors: H
authors: Linne
authors: Robert F
authors: RF
authors: Newbold
authors: Kefah
authors: K
authors: Mokbel
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary; D002288:Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary; D001940:Breast / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary; D018275:Carcinoma, Lobular / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary; D018276:Carcinoma, Medullary / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary; D015331:Cohort Studies; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; D056915:DNA Copy Number Variations; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015996:Survival Rate; D019098:Telomerase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D025803:Tumor Suppressor Protein p14ARF / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C000614131:CDKN2A protein, human; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D025803:Tumor Suppressor Protein p14ARF; C509186:TERT protein, human; D019098:Telomerase
keywords: breast cancer; cell cycle; cell senescence; p14; p16; qPCR