title: Overexpression of retinoic acid-induced protein 3 predicts poor prognosis for hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate clinical significance of retinoic acid-induced protein 3 (RAI3) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Expression of RAI3 at both mRNA and protein levels in tumor, para-tumor and normal liver tissues was detected in 106 HCC patients by real-time quantitative RT-PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Then, the correlation of RAI3 expression with clinicopathological characteristics and survivals of HCC patients was analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our data first found that RAI3 mRNA and protein expression were both significantly higher in HCC than in para-tumor (both P < 0.001) and normal liver tissues (both P < 0.001). The correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between RAI3 mRNA level and RAI3 protein level in HCC tissues (r = 0.8, P < 0.001). Immunohistochemistry data also revealed that overexpression of RAI3 was present in 73.6 % (78/106) of HCC tissues. In addition, high RAI3 protein expression was correlated with advanced TNM stage (P = 0.001), high serum AFP (P = 0.008), vascular invasion (P = 0.01) and tumor recurrence (P = 0.008). Moreover, HCC patients with overexpression of RAI3 had significantly shorter overall (P = 0.01) and disease-free survival (P = 0.01). Furthermore, multivariate analysis showed that overexpression of RAI3 was an independent prognostic factor for both overall (P = 0.02) and disease-free survival (P = 0.03) in HCC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data for the first time provide a basis for the concept that overexpression of RAI3 may contribute to the malignant progression of HCC and predict poor prognosis for patients with this deadly disease after curative hepatectomy. RAI3 might be an important marker for tumor progression and prognosis, as well as a potential therapeutic target of HCC.
authors: Department of Digestive Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710033, People's Republic of China.
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Zheng
authors: X
authors: X
authors: Guo
authors: X
authors: X
authors: Gao
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Liu
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Tu
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Zhang
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C116760:GPRC5A protein, human; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
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