title: Incidence and associated endocrine and neurologic abnormalities of optic nerve hypoplasia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH) is an increasingly recognized cause of congenital blindness in children; however, there is significant discord regarding its incidence and the rate of associated conditions.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the incidence of ONH and the rate of associated endocrine, neurologic, and developmental abnormalities among a population-based cohort of pediatric patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective, population-based study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Olmsted County, Minnesota (95.7% white in 1990).
  
  
  METHODS
  All pediatric residents (aged <19 years) of Olmstead County, diagnosed as having ONH from January 1, 1984, through December 31, 2008.
  
  
  METHODS
  Incidence of ONH and the rate of associated endocrine, neurologic, and developmental abnormalities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Optic nerve hypoplasia was diagnosed in 19 pediatric patients during the 25-year study period, for an annual incidence of 2.4 (95% CI, 1.2-3.5) per 100,000 residents younger than 19 years or 1 in 2287 live births. The mean age at diagnosis was 2.1 years, and 10 (53%) patients were male. Commonly associated perinatal conditions included primiparity in 8 patients (42%), premature birth in 6 (32%), and maternal diabetes mellitus in 3 (16%). Of the 19 study patients, 16 (84%) had bilateral involvement at initial examination, 9 (47%) had decreased visual acuity, 8 (42%) had strabismus, and 5 (26%) had nystagmus. Systemic conditions included developmental delay in 12 (63%), neurologic deficits in 10 (53%), and endocrine dysfunction in 5 (26%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This population-based study demonstrated an incidence of ONH of 1 in 2287 live births. More than half of the patients had developmental and neurologic deficits, and one-fourth had a diagnosis of endocrine dysfunction.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. mohney@mayo.edu
authors: Brian G
authors: BG
authors: Mohney
authors: Ryan C
authors: RC
authors: Young
authors: Nancy
authors: N
authors: Diehl
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000002:abnormalities; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004700:Endocrine System Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008910:Minnesota / Q000453:epidemiology; D009759:Nystagmus, Pathologic / Q000453:epidemiology; D009900:Optic Nerve / Q000002:abnormalities; D009901:Optic Nerve Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D025962:Septo-Optic Dysplasia / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013285:Strabismus / Q000453:epidemiology; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology
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