title: Simultaneous recordings of ocular microtremor and microsaccades with a piezoelectric sensor and a video-oculography system.
abstract: Our eyes are in continuous motion. Even when we attempt to fix our gaze, we produce so called "fixational eye movements", which include microsaccades, drift, and ocular microtremor (OMT). Microsaccades, the largest and fastest type of fixational eye movement, shift the retinal image from several dozen to several hundred photoreceptors and have equivalent physical characteristics to saccades, only on a smaller scale (Martinez-Conde, Otero-Millan & Macknik, 2013). OMT occurs simultaneously with drift and is the smallest of the fixational eye movements (∼1 photoreceptor width, >0.5 arcmin), with dominant frequencies ranging from 70 Hz to 103 Hz (Martinez-Conde, Macknik & Hubel, 2004). Due to OMT's small amplitude and high frequency, the most accurate and stringent way to record it is the piezoelectric transduction method. Thus, OMT studies are far rarer than those focusing on microsaccades or drift. Here we conducted simultaneous recordings of OMT and microsaccades with a piezoelectric device and a commercial infrared video tracking system. We set out to determine whether OMT could help to restore perceptually faded targets during attempted fixation, and we also wondered whether the piezoelectric sensor could affect the characteristics of microsaccades. Our results showed that microsaccades, but not OMT, counteracted perceptual fading. We moreover found that the piezoelectric sensor affected microsaccades in a complex way, and that the oculomotor system adjusted to the stress brought on by the sensor by adjusting the magnitudes of microsaccades.
authors: Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, USA.|School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, Arizona State University, USA.
authors: Michael B
authors: MB
authors: McCamy
authors: Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
authors: Niamh
authors: N
authors: Collins
authors: Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, USA.|Department of Signal Theory and Communications, University of Vigo, Spain.
authors: Jorge
authors: J
authors: Otero-Millan
authors: Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
authors: Mohammed
authors: M
authors: Al-Kalbani
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, USA.|Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, USA.
authors: Stephen L
authors: SL
authors: Macknik
authors: Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.|St. James's Hospital(Mercer's Institute for Research in Ageing), Ireland.
authors: Davis
authors: D
authors: Coakley
authors: Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, USA.|Unité de Neuroscience, Information et Complexité (CNRS-UNIC), France.
authors: Xoana G
authors: XG
authors: Troncoso
authors: St James's Hospital(Medical Physics and Bioengineering Dept.), Ireland.
authors: Gerard
authors: G
authors: Boyle
authors: Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, USA.
authors: Vinodh
authors: V
authors: Narayanan
authors: Neuro-Ophthalmology Unit, Barrow Neurological Institute, USA.|Neuro-Ophthalmology Consultation: Barnett-Dulaney-Perkins Eye Center, USA.
authors: Thomas R
authors: TR
authors: Wolf
authors: Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, USA.
authors: Susana
authors: S
authors: Martinez-Conde
keywords: Fading; Fixational eye movements; Neural adaptation; Saccadic adaptation; Tremor
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