title: Elevated CSF histamine levels in multiple sclerosis patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Histamine is an ubiquitous inflammatory mediator of numerous physiological processes. Histamine and its receptors have been implicated in multiple sclerosis (MS) disease pathogenesis. We prospectively enrolled 36 MS patients and 19 age and gender-matched healthy volunteers for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) histamine analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CSF HISTAMINE LEVELS IN MS PATIENT SAMPLES WERE SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER (MEDIAN: 35.6 pg/ml) than in controls (median: 5.5 pg/ml; Beta = 0.525, p < 0.001). In addition, histamine increased with age (Pearson's correlation, p < 0.003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Histamine may be an important factor for both the initiation and maintenance of chronic inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system. Our observation encourages a deeper investigation of the role of histamine in MS.
authors: Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 26, 8091 Zurich, CH, Switzerland.
authors: Ulf
authors: U
authors: Kallweit
authors: Department of Molecular Behavioral Biology, Osaka Bioscience Institute, Osaka, Japan.
authors: Kosuke
authors: K
authors: Aritake
authors: Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 26, 8091 Zurich, CH, Switzerland.
authors: Claudio L
authors: CL
authors: Bassetti
authors: Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Medicine, Triemli Hospital, Zurich, CH, Switzerland.
authors: Stephan
authors: S
authors: Blumenthal
authors: Department of Molecular Behavioral Biology, Osaka Bioscience Institute, Osaka, Japan.
authors: Osamu
authors: O
authors: Hayaishi
authors: Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 26, 8091 Zurich, CH, Switzerland.
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Linnebank
authors: Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 26, 8091 Zurich, CH, Switzerland.
authors: Christian R
authors: CR
authors: Baumann
authors: Department of Molecular Behavioral Biology, Osaka Bioscience Institute, Osaka, Japan.
authors: Yoshihiro
authors: Y
authors: Urade
keywords: CSF; Chronic inflammatory diseases; Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; Histamine; Histamine receptors; Multiple sclerosis
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