title: Analysis of decay dose rates and dose management in the National Ignition Facility.
abstract: A detailed model of the Target Bay (TB) at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) has been developed to estimate the post-shot radiation environment inside the facility. The model includes the large number of structures and diagnostic instruments present inside the TB. These structures and instruments are activated by neutrons generated during a shot, and the resultant gamma dose rates are estimated at various decay times following the shot. A set of computational tools was developed to help in estimating potential radiation exposure to TB workers. The results presented in this paper describe the expected radiation environment inside the TB following a low-yield DT shot of 10(16) neutrons. General environment dose rates drop below 30 μSv h(-1) within 3 h following a shot, with higher dose rates observed in the vicinity (~30 cm) of few components. The dose rates drop by more than a factor of two at 1 d following the shot. Dose rate maps of the different TB levels were generated to aid in estimating worker stay-out times following a shot before entry is permitted into the TB. Primary components, including the Target Chamber and diagnostic and beam line components, are constructed of aluminum. Near-term TB accessibility is driven by the decay of the aluminum activation product, 24Na. Worker dose is managed using electronic dosimeters (EDs) self-issued at kiosks using commercial dose management software. The software programs the ED dose and dose rate alarms based on the Radiological Work Permit (RWP) and tracks dose by individual, task, and work group.
authors: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94551-9900, USA. khater1@llnl.gov
authors: Hesham
authors: H
authors: Khater
authors: Sandra
authors: S
authors: Brereton
authors: Lucile
authors: L
authors: Dauffy
authors: Jim
authors: J
authors: Hall
authors: Luisa
authors: L
authors: Hansen
authors: Soon
authors: S
authors: Kim
authors: Tom
authors: T
authors: Kohut
authors: Bertram
authors: B
authors: Pohl
authors: Shiva
authors: S
authors: Sitaraman
authors: Jerome
authors: J
authors: Verbeke
authors: Mitchell
authors: M
authors: Young
mesh_terms: D005160:Facility Design and Construction; D005720:Gamma Rays; D006801:Humans; D009502:Neutrons; D009681:Nuclear Fusion; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011834:Radiation Monitoring / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D011835:Radiation Protection / Q000379:methods; D012984:Software