title: Hospital antibiotic use and its relationship to age-adjusted comorbidity and alcohol-based hand rub consumption.
abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of age-adjusted comorbidity and alcohol-based hand rub on monthly hospital antibiotic usage, retrospectively. A multivariate autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model was built to relate the monthly use of all antibiotics grouped together with age-adjusted comorbidity and alcohol-based hand rub over a 5-year period (April 2005-March 2010). The results showed that monthly antibiotic use was positively related to the age-adjusted comorbidity index (concomitant effect, coefficient 1·103, P = 0·0002), and negatively related to the use of alcohol-based hand rub (2-month delay, coefficient -0·069, P = 0·0533). Alcohol-based hand rub is considered a modifiable factor and as such can be identified as a target for quality improvement programmes. Time-series analysis may provide a suitable methodology for identifying possible predictive variables that explain antibiotic use in healthcare settings. Future research should examine the relationship between infection control practices and antibiotic use, identify other infection control predictive factors for hospital antibiotic use, and evaluate the impact of enhancing different infection control practices on antibiotic use in a healthcare setting.
authors: Clinical and Practice Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast (QUB), Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
authors: M A
authors: MA
authors: Aldeyab
authors: Clinical and Practice Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast (QUB), Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
authors: J C
authors: JC
authors: McElnay
authors: Pharmacy and Medicines Management Centre, Northern Health and Social Care Trust (NHSCT), Ballymena, Northern Ireland, UK.
authors: M G
authors: MG
authors: Scott
authors: Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan.
authors: F W
authors: FW
authors: Darwish Elhajji
authors: Microbiology Department, Northern Health and Social Care Trust (NHSCT), Ballymena, Northern Ireland, UK.
authors: M P
authors: MP
authors: Kearney
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D015897:Comorbidity; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D063373:Hand Hygiene / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D064548:Hand Sanitizers / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006761:Hospitals / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D064548:Hand Sanitizers
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