title: Ethylene promotes induction of aerenchyma formation and ethanolic fermentation in waterlogged roots of Dendranthema spp.
abstract: The role of ethylene in induction of aerenchyma formation and ethanolic fermentation in waterlogged roots of Dendranthema zawadskii and D. nankingense, two species that differ with respect to waterlogging tolerance, was examined. In the more tolerant D. zawadskii, but not in D. nankingense, ethylene accelerated programmed cell death and promoted formation of lysigenous aerenchyma, both of which were inhibited by treatment with the ethylene inhibitor 1-methylcyclopropene. Waterlogged D. zawadskii roots generated a higher quantity of endogenous ethylene than did those of D. nankingense. In waterlogged D. zawadskii roots, transcription of the genes encoding alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.1) and pyruvate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.1) increased rapidly but transiently, whereas expression of these genes in D. nankingense increased gradually and over a longer period. In D. nankingense, waterlogging elevated both alcohol dehydrogenase and pyruvate decarboxylase activity, and the production of ethanol and acetaldehyde was increased in the presence of exogenous ethylene and inhibited by 1-methylcyclopropene. In D. zawadskii, in contrast, after a prolonged episode of waterlogging stress, exogenous supply of ethylene suppressed the production of ethanol and acetaldehyde, whereas exogenous 1-methylcyclopropene enhanced their production. In the more tolerant Dendranthema species, ethylene appeared to signal an acceleration of both waterlogging-induced programmed cell death and aerenchyma formation and to alleviate ethanolic fermentation, whereas in the more sensitive species ethylene activated fermentation and increased the release of ethanol and acetaldehyde, which are by-products probably responsible for the collapse of the waterlogging-damaged root.
authors: Ecology School, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, China.
authors: Dongmei
authors: D
authors: Yin
authors: Sumei
authors: S
authors: Chen
authors: Fadi
authors: F
authors: Chen
authors: Jiafu
authors: J
authors: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D031202:Chrysanthemum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000378:metabolism*; D005030:Ethylenes / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005285:Fermentation; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000494:pharmacology; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011767:Pyruvate Decarboxylase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013312:Stress, Physiological
chemical_list: D005030:Ethylenes; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; D000431:Ethanol; C036216:ethylene; D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase; D011767:Pyruvate Decarboxylase
references: New Phytol. 2011 Apr;190(2):289-98
references: 21563365
references: Planta. 2001 Jan;212(2):205-14
references: 11216841
references: J Exp Bot. 2002 Mar;53(368):391-8
references: 11847236
references: Plant Physiol. 2005 Oct;139(2):713-21
references: 16169967
references: Ann Bot. 2003 Jan;91 Spec No:129-41
references: 12509334
references: Plant Cell. 1997 Jul;9(7):1157-1168
references: 12237381
references: Plant Physiol. 2007 Sep;145(1):266-76
references: 17660351
references: Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 2000;16:1-18
references: 11031228
references: Trends Plant Sci. 2007 Feb;12(2):43-6
references: 17208508
references: Plant Physiol. 2001 Jun;126(2):742-9
references: 11402202
references: Plant Physiol. 2010 Mar;152(3):1484-500
references: 20097791
references: Anal Biochem. 1976 May 7;72:248-54
references: 942051
references: Plant Physiol. 2010 Jun;153(2):757-72
references: 20357136
references: Plant Cell. 2006 Aug;18(8):2021-34
references: 16816135
references: Protoplasma. 2010 May;241(1-4):3-17
references: 20066446
references: New Phytol. 2011 Apr;190(2):369-78
references: 21039565
references: Ann Bot. 2009 Jan;103(2):137-42
references: 19145714
references: Plant Physiol. 2003 Jun;132(2):968-78
references: 12805625
references: J Exp Bot. 2010 Mar;61(3):857-71
references: 20008461
references: Plant Physiol. 2000 Oct;124(2):609-14
references: 11027711
references: New Phytol. 2006;170(2):213-26
references: 16608449
references: Plant Cell. 2007 Nov;19(11):3819-30
references: 18055613
references: Symp Soc Exp Biol. 2000;52:183-92
references: 12090007
references: Plant Physiol. 2001 Jan;125(1):199-208
references: 11154329
references: Nature. 2009 Aug 20;460(7258):1026-30
references: 19693083
references: Plant Physiol Biochem. 2005 Dec;43(12):1044-51
references: 16388952
references: New Phytol. 2006;171(2):305-14
references: 16866938
references: Trends Plant Sci. 2000 Mar;5(3):123-7
references: 10707078