title: Differential adherence and expression of virulence traits by Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis in mono- and dual-species cultures in artificial saliva.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate specific virulence factors of Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis clinical oral isolates in mono- and dual-species culture in the presence of artificial saliva.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two of the strains used in this study were isolated from co-infection (C. albicans AM and C. parapsilosis AM2), and the other two were isolated from single infection (C. albicans AC and C. parapsilosis AD). The number of adhered yeast cells was measured and their enzymatic activity was determined simultaneously. In mono-species culture, C. parapsilosis strains adhered to a higher extent to the surface in comparison with the C. albicans strains. In dual-species culture, the C. parapsilosis strains adhered more in the presence of C. albicans AM. Interestingly, C. albicans AM and C. parapsilosis AD adhered to a higher extent when compared with all other co-cultures. In dual-species culture, the enzymatic activity of C. parapsilosis strains in the presence of C. albicans AC was higher than in the presence of C. albicans AM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The virulence factors of C. albicans and C. parapsilosis differ from strain to strain and are influenced by the presence of other species in culture.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To understand the expression of virulence factors in Candida dual-species systems.
authors: Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre for Biological Engineering, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
authors: C L
authors: CL
authors: Seabra
authors: C M
authors: CM
authors: Botelho
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Henriques
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Oliveira
mesh_terms: D002175:Candida / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000382:microbiology; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D060085:Coinfection / Q000382:microbiology; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D012464:Saliva, Artificial; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D012464:Saliva, Artificial; D037521:Virulence Factors
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