title: Photometric facial analysis of the Igbo Nigerian adult male.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A carefully performed facial analysis can serve as a strong foundation for successful facial reconstructive and plastic surgeries, rhinoplasty or orthodontics.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study is to determine the facial features and qualities of the Igbo Nigerian adult male using photometry.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and twenty subjects aged between 18 and 28 years were studied at the Anambra State University, Uli, Nigeria. The frontal and right lateral view photographs of their faces were taken and traced out on tracing papers. On these, two vertical distances, nasion to subnasal and subnasale to menton, and four angles, nasofrontal (NF), nasofacial, nasomental (NM) and mentocervical, were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The result showed that the Igbo Nigerian adult male had a middle face that was shorter than the lower one (41.76% vs.58.24%), a moderate glabella (NF=133.97°), a projected nose (NM=38.68°) and a less prominent chin (NM=125.87°).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study is very important in medical practice as it can be used to compare the pre- and post-operative results of plastic surgery and other related surgeries of the face.
authors: Department of Anatomy, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Nigeria.
authors: Ukoha Ukoha
authors: UU
authors: Ukoha
authors: Onochie Okwudili
authors: OO
authors: Udemezue
authors: Chidi Kingsley
authors: CK
authors: Oranusi
authors: Azuoma Lasbrey
authors: AL
authors: Asomugha
authors: Uchechukwu
authors: U
authors: Dimkpa
authors: Lynda Chinenye
authors: LC
authors: Nzeukwu
keywords: Adult male; Igbo Nigerian; facial analysis; photometric
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