title: Chromatin-associated proteins HP1 and Mod(mdg4) modify Y-linked regulatory variation in the drosophila testis.
abstract: Chromatin remodeling is crucial for gene regulation. Remodeling is often mediated through chemical modifications of the DNA template, DNA-associated proteins, and RNA-mediated processes. Y-linked regulatory variation (YRV) refers to the quantitative effects that polymorphic tracts of Y-linked chromatin exert on gene expression of X-linked and autosomal genes. Here we show that naturally occurring polymorphisms in the Drosophila melanogaster Y chromosome contribute disproportionally to gene expression variation in the testis. The variation is dependent on wild-type expression levels of mod(mdg4) as well as Su(var)205; the latter gene codes for heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) in Drosophila. Testis-specific YRV is abolished in genotypes with heterozygous loss-of-function mutations for mod(mdg4) and Su(var)205 but not in similar experiments with JIL-1. Furthermore, the Y chromosome differentially regulates several ubiquitously expressed genes. The results highlight the requirement for wild-type dosage of Su(var)205 and mod(mdg4) in enabling naturally occurring Y-linked regulatory variation in the testis. The phenotypes that emerge in the context of wild-type levels of the HP1 and Mod(mdg4) proteins might be part of an adaptive response to the environment.
authors: Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. abranco@hsph.harvard.edu
authors: Alan T
authors: AT
authors: Branco
authors: Daniel L
authors: DL
authors: Hartl
authors: Bernardo
authors: B
authors: Lemos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002843:Chromatin / Q000235:genetics; D000090266:Chromobox Protein Homolog 5; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone / Q000235:genetics*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D059647:Gene-Environment Interaction; D050173:Genes, Y-Linked; D006579:Heterozygote; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation; D010641:Phenotype; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D013737:Testis / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D014998:Y Chromosome / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C000716867:Su(var)205 protein, Drosophila; D014157:Transcription Factors; C452193:heterochromatin protein 1, Drosophila; C110987:mdg4 protein (gypsy); D000090266:Chromobox Protein Homolog 5
keywords: Cryptic variation; Heterochromatin; Spermatogenesis; Y chromosome
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