title: The effects of chlordiazepoxide and d-amphetamine during a three-component multiple schedule.
abstract: Multiple schedules have been used in behavioral pharmacology research to show that a drug's effect on behavior can be a function of the schedule of reinforcement that supports that behavior. However, less research has examined whether the context of the schedule of reinforcement in a multiple schedule can change the drug's effect on behavior. We examined the effects of acute chlordiazepoxide and d-amphetamine injections on the behavior of two groups of pigeons trained on a three-component multiple schedule with identical schedules of reinforcement in the first and last components. For one group of pigeons reinforcement was unavailable during the middle component (decreased-middle-component). For the second group reinforcement rate was higher during the middle component than during the first or third components (increased-middle-component). In the decreased-middle-component group, chlordiazepoxide (3.2-32 mg/kg) decreased third-component response rates less than it decreased responding in the first component. Conversely, in the increased-middle-component group, chlordiazepoxide (3.2-10 mg/kg) decreased third-component response rates more than in the first component. In both groups, d-amphetamine did not differentially affect response rates across components. These results are consistent with previous research showing that drugs can differentially affect responding to two different schedules of reinforcement during the same session, and suggest that pharmacological preparations may be helpful in elucidating the mechanisms that control multiple schedule interactions.
authors: Department of Psychology, California State University, Chico, CA, 95929-0234, USA. promanowich@csuchico.edu
authors: Paul
authors: P
authors: Romanowich
authors: R J
authors: RJ
authors: Lamb
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002707:Chlordiazepoxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010856:Columbidae; D003216:Conditioning, Operant / Q000187:drug effects*; D003913:Dextroamphetamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D012055:Reinforcement Schedule; D012054:Reinforcement, Psychology
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D002707:Chlordiazepoxide; D003913:Dextroamphetamine
keywords: amphetamine; benzodiazepines; key-peck; pigeons; response strength; stimulants; value
references: Psychopharmacologia. 1967;12(1):58-67
references: 6081328
references: J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1955 Apr;113(4):393-401
references: 14368508
references: J Exp Anal Behav. 1986 Jan;45(1):47-62
references: 3950534
references: J Exp Anal Behav. 1962 Oct;5:529-30
references: 13945507
references: J Exp Anal Behav. 1961 Jan;4:57-71
references: 13741096
references: J Exp Anal Behav. 1961 Apr;4(2):107-17
references: 16811258
references: J Exp Anal Behav. 1961 Apr;4:179-84
references: 13741097
references: J Exp Anal Behav. 1963 Jan;6:131-9
references: 13986428
references: Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2009 Aug;17(4):237-46
references: 19653789
references: J Exp Anal Behav. 1981 May;35(3):293-310
references: 16812218
references: Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1977 Dec;7(6):529-35
references: 413117
references: J Exp Anal Behav. 1961 Oct;4:289-94
references: 14491710
references: J Exp Anal Behav. 1978 Sep;30(2):187-96
references: 702026
references: J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process. 1979 Oct;5(4):379-96
references: 528894
references: Mol Interv. 2002 Dec;2(8):470-5
references: 14993396
references: J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1969 May;167(1):26-33
references: 5772748
references: J Exp Anal Behav. 1968 Jan;11(1):1-8
references: 5636851
references: J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1974 Mar;188(3):726-39
references: 4816335
references: Anim Learn Behav. 2002 Feb;30(1):1-20
references: 12017964
references: Behav Pharmacol. 2005 Nov;16(7):573-8
references: 16170234