title: Pathways to unsafe abortion in Ghana: the role of male partners, women and health care providers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite abortion being legal, complications from induced abortion are the second leading cause of maternal mortality in Ghana. The objective of this study was to understand the decision-making process associated with induced abortion in Ghana.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected from female postabortion patients, male partners, family planning nurses and obstetricians/gynecologists at two teaching hospitals in Ghana using in-depth interviews and focus group discussions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  While experiences differ for married and single women, men are involved in abortion decision making directly, through "orders" to abort, or indirectly, through denying responsibility for the pregnancy. Health care providers can be barriers to seeking safe abortions in this setting.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women who choose to terminate a pregnancy without their male partners' knowledge should have the means (both financial and social) to do so safely. Interventions with health care providers should discourage judgemental attitudes and emphasize individually focused patient care.
authors: Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Fairhaven College, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225, USA. Electronic address: hschwand@jhsph.edu.
authors: Hilary M
authors: HM
authors: Schwandt
authors: Andreea A
authors: AA
authors: Creanga
authors: Richard M K
authors: RM
authors: Adanu
authors: Kwabena A
authors: KA
authors: Danso
authors: Tsiri
authors: T
authors: Agbenyega
authors: Michelle J
authors: MJ
authors: Hindin
mesh_terms: D000028:Abortion, Induced / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000451:nursing / Q000523:psychology; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel / Q000208:ethnology; D001294:Attitude to Health / Q000208:ethnology; D003657:Decision Making; D005193:Family Planning Services; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D005869:Ghana; D006176:Gynecology; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D009726:Nurses; D009774:Obstetrics; D010820:Physicians; D011184:Postoperative Period; D057285:Precision Medicine; D011247:Pregnancy; D011275:Pregnancy, Unwanted / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology*; D012747:Sexual Partners; D014342:Truth Disclosure; D000078329:Workforce
keywords: Abortion; Ghana; Health providers; Male partners; Men; Unsafe abortion