title: A possible role for CCR5 in the progression of atherosclerosis in HIV-infected patients: a cross-sectional study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chemokines can block viral entry by interfering with HIV co-receptors and are recognised mediators of atherosclerosis development. A number of experimental drugs that inhibit HIV entry arrest the development of atherosclerosis in animal models. We hypothesised that the expression of chemokine receptors in circulating leukocytes is associated with the rate of atherosclerosis progression in HIV-infected patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The increase in intima-media thickness during a 2-year follow-up was used to classify HIV-infected patients (n = 178) as progressors (n = 142) or non-progressors (n = 36) with respect to atherosclerosis. Logistic regression was used to assess variables associated with atherosclerosis progression. Mutations in the CCR5Δ32, CCR2 64I, and CX3CR1 (T280M and V249I) co-receptors as well as the levels of CCR5, CXCR4, CX3CR1, and CCR2 mRNA expression in circulating leukocytes were analysed as independent variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the baseline variables, only genetic variants explained the dichotomous outcome. The expression of CCR2 and CXCR4 did not discriminate between progressors and non-progressors. Conversely, CCR5 and CX3CR1 expression was higher in not only progressors but also patients with detectable viral load. The logistic regression, however, demonstrated a significant role for CCR5 expression as a predictor of atherosclerosis progression (B = 2.1, OR = 8.1, p = 0.04) and a negligible effect for CXC3R1 and CCR2 expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Available CCR5 antagonists should be investigated for their potential to delay the course of atherosclerosis in HIV-infected patients.
authors: Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain, carrer Sant Llorenç 21, Reus 43201, Spain. jorge.joven@urv.cat.
authors: Laura
authors: L
authors: Fernández-Sender
authors: Carlos
authors: C
authors: Alonso-Villaverde
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Rull
authors: Esther
authors: E
authors: Rodríguez-Gallego
authors: Marta
authors: M
authors: Riera-Borrull
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Hernández-Aguilera
authors: Jordi
authors: J
authors: Camps
authors: Raúl
authors: R
authors: Beltrán-Debón
authors: Gerard
authors: G
authors: Aragonès
authors: Javier A
authors: JA
authors: Menendez
authors: Jorge
authors: J
authors: Joven
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