title: "Everything that looks good ain't good!": perspectives on urban redevelopment among persons with a history of injection drug use in Baltimore, Maryland.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  While urban redevelopment is intended to ameliorate urban decay, some studies demonstrate that it can negatively impact some residents. Few studies have considered its impact on persons with a history of drug use.
  
  
  METHODS
  A convenience sample of 25 current or former injection drug users from Baltimore, Maryland, enrolled in the AIDS Linked to the Intravenous Experience study, and reporting residence in or bordering a redeveloping neighborhood participated in 1-2 semi-structured in-depth interviews from July, 2011 to February, 2012. Interviews explored personal experiences with redevelopment and perceptions of community-wide impact. Data were analyzed using the constant comparison method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Respondents rarely described urban redevelopment as solely negative or positive. Revitalization and increased security in the redeveloping area were reported as positive consequences. Negative consequences included the lack of redevelopment-related employment opportunities, disruption of social ties, and housing instability among relocated residents. Respondents also said that urban redevelopment led to the displacement of drug markets to adjacent neighborhoods and outlying counties. Residential relocation and displacement of drug markets were reported as beneficial for persons in contemplative and later stages of recovery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings support a holistic approach to urban redevelopment that increases access to employment opportunities and affordable housing, and ensures equitable coverage of public services such as law enforcement.
authors: Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, United States. Electronic address: slinton@jhsph.edu.
authors: Sabriya L
authors: SL
authors: Linton
authors: Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, United States.
authors: Caitlin E
authors: CE
authors: Kennedy
authors: Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, United States.
authors: Carl A
authors: CA
authors: Latkin
authors: Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, United States.
authors: David D
authors: DD
authors: Celentano
authors: Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, United States.
authors: Gregory D
authors: GD
authors: Kirk
authors: Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, United States.
authors: Shruti H
authors: SH
authors: Mehta
mesh_terms: D015142:Baltimore; D064423:Drug Trafficking; D055030:Drug Users / Q000523:psychology*; D004651:Employment; D005260:Female; D006798:Housing; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010465:Perception; D011203:Poverty / Q000523:psychology; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D016320:Substance Abuse Treatment Centers; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D013997:Time Factors; D019037:Urban Health Services / Q000191:economics; D014505:Urban Population; D014506:Urban Renewal / Q000191:economics; D035862:Vulnerable Populations / Q000523:psychology
keywords: Drug markets; Substance use; Urban planning; Urban redevelopment
references: Matern Child Health J. 2011 Nov;15(8):1195-202
references: 20972613
references: Am J Public Health. 1999 Jun;89(6):840-4
references: 10358672
references: Addiction. 2011 Nov;106(11):1966-74
references: 21592251
references: Health Place. 2012 Nov;18(6):1255-60
references: 23060002
references: Environ Res. 2005 Oct;99(2):204-13
references: 16194670
references: J Urban Health. 2013 Feb;90(1):116-29
references: 22689297
references: Am J Public Health. 2010 Apr 1;100 Suppl 1:S88-94
references: 20147666
references: Int J Drug Policy. 2011 Sep;22(5):376-84
references: 21684142
references: Public Hist. 2009 May;31(2):7-31
references: 19824231
references: Science. 1997 Aug 15;277(5328):918-24
references: 9252316
references: Justice Res Policy. 2011;13(1):23-44
references: 22582027
references: Am J Prev Med. 2011 Oct;41(4):e17-28
references: 21961475
references: Am J Prev Med. 2007 Jun;32(6 Suppl):S234-41
references: 17543716
references: Psychiatr Serv. 2008 Mar;59(3):268-75
references: 18308907
references: Int J Drug Policy. 2012 Nov;23(6):473-80
references: 22728093
references: J Epidemiol Community Health. 2005 Oct;59(10):822-7
references: 16166352
references: Disaster Prev Manag. 2011;20(3):251-265
references: 21841898
references: Soc Sci Med. 2012 Apr;74(7):1130-8
references: 22341203
references: J Urban Health. 2005 Dec;82(4):532-42
references: 15958787
references: Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2012 Nov;38(6):598-602
references: 22783825
references: Subst Use Misuse. 2009;44(2):139-62
references: 19142817
references: Demography. 1985 Nov;22(4):581-602
references: 4076485
references: Am J Psychiatry. 1996 Dec;153(12):1516-23
references: 8942445
references: PLoS One. 2010 Jul 21;5(7):e11697
references: 20657732
references: AIDS Behav. 2005 Sep;9(3):251-65
references: 16088369
references: Soc Sci Med. 2011 Sep;73(5):737-43
references: 21821323
references: Int J Drug Policy. 2008 Aug;19(4):332-8
references: 17900888
references: Am J Epidemiol. 2010 Feb 15;171(4):391-8
references: 20093307
references: Health Aff (Millwood). 2011 Nov;30(11):2098-106
references: 22068402
references: NIDA Res Monogr. 1991;109:75-100
references: 1661376