title: Comparison of percutaneous endoscopic, laparoscopic and open gastrostomy insertion in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the outcomes and complications between percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG), laparoscopic gastrostomy (LAPG) and open gastrostomy (OG) in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of 369 patients from July 1998 to December 2010 who had their gastrostomies inserted at a single tertiary paediatric institution. Patients who were lost in follow-up (59) and had insufficient data (23) were excluded from this study. Results were analysed using descriptive statistics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 369 included in our study, 260 patients underwent LAPG, 86 PEG and 23 open gastrostomy (OG) procedures. The early complication rate for PEGs was 10.5 %, and for LAPGS 2.7 % (p = 0.006). The late complication rate was 41.9 % for PEGs and 43.1 % for LAPGs (p = NS). The overall complication rate for PEG was 54.7 % and it was 44.6 % for LAPG (p = NS). Major complications occurred only in the PEG group: gastro-colonic fistula (1), peritonitis (1), and "buried bumper syndrome" (1). The overall complication rate for OG was 78.3 % (p = 0.01, when this was compared to LAPGs and PEGs together), although there were no early complications in the OG group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PEGs had a significantly higher early complication rate than LAPGs and the only major complications occurred in the PEG group. PEGs also had a higher overall complication rate than LAPGs, although the difference was not statistically significant. Both PEGs and LAPGs were significantly superior to OG in terms of overall complication rates.
authors: University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. ruiwenliu@gmail.com
authors: Ruiwen
authors: R
authors: Liu
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Jiwane
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Varjavandi
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Kennedy
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Henry
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Dilley
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Currie
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Adams
authors: U
authors: U
authors: Krishnan
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D004750:Enteral Nutrition / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005773:Gastroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005774:Gastrostomy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000628:therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
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