title: Circulating kisspeptin and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) do not correlate with gonadotropin serum levels.
abstract: Kisspeptins are known to be the principle regulators of the hypothalamic-pituitary gonadal (HPG) axis. In addition, the role of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) in the regulation of pituitary gonadotropins has been elucidated. We measured plasma concentrations of kisspeptin and PACAP and determined whether the levels of these peptides varied in proportion to circulating gonadotropin levels. Plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were higher in postmenopausal women and in patients with premature ovarian failure (POF) and lower in patients with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) compared with the LH level in normally menstruating women. Similarly, serum follicle-stimulating hormone levels were higher in postmenopausal women and in patients with POF but lower in pregnant women and patients with IHH compared with normally menstruating women. Plasma levels of kisspeptins were significantly higher in pregnant women compared with normally menstruating women. However, no significant differences were observed in postmenopausal women, patients with POF, and patients with IHH. On the other hand, plasma levels of PACAP were significantly lower in pregnant women, patients with POF, and in IHH patients when compared with normally menstruating women. No significant differences were observed in PACAP concentration between postmenopausal women and in normally menstruating women. Our observations suggest that the serum levels of kisspeptins and PACAP did not correlate with variations in serum gonadotropin levels.
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Japan. kanasaki@med.shimane-u.ac.jp
authors: Haruhiko
authors: H
authors: Kanasaki
authors: Indri N
authors: IN
authors: Purwana
authors: Aki
authors: A
authors: Oride
authors: Tselmeg
authors: T
authors: Mijiddorj
authors: Unurjargal
authors: U
authors: Sukhbaatar
authors: Kohji
authors: K
authors: Miyazaki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis; D005260:Female; D006062:Gonadotropins / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000097:blood; D059648:Kisspeptins / Q000097:blood*; D008597:Menstrual Cycle / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D051219:Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide / Q000097:blood*; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000097:blood; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C495401:ADCYAP1 protein, human; D006062:Gonadotropins; D059648:Kisspeptins; D051219:Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide