title: Adiponectin, visfatin and regional fat depots in normal weight obese premenopausal women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Normal weight obesity (NWO) is defined as percentage body fat (%BF) above 30% or %BF in the upper tertile in normal weight subjects. Using these criteria, we assessed lipid profiles, glucose metabolism parameters, blood pressure and regional fat in 91 premenopausal women with NWO and 54 age-matched healthy controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured total cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins (HDL), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), triglycerides (TG), glucose, insulin, visfatin and adiponectin.%BF, abdominal fat (Android) and hip fat (Gynoid) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Insulin resistance was evaluated by homoeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women with NWO had higher diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (P = 0·003), LDL (P = 0·048), TG (P = 0·004) Android (P = 0·008) and Gynoid (P = 0·007) levels, but lower HDL (P = 0·009) than healthy controls. The NWO women had one (P = 0·041), two (P = 0·007) or three (P = 0·002) metabolic syndrome components more frequently than the controls. Across %BF tertiles, the number of metabolic syndrome components significantly increased (R = 0·21; P = 0·02), as did Gynoid (R = 0·83; P < 0·001) and Android (R = 0·81; P < 0·001) levels. Android (but not Gynoid) level was linearly associated with DBP (R = 0·194; P = 0·019), HDL (R = -0·295; P = 0·0004) and TG (R = 0·183; P = 0·031). Visfatin and adiponectin levels were comparable in both groups. Visfatin was inversely correlated with cholesterol, LDL and HOMA-IR. Adiponectin was inversely correlated with the Android/Gynoid and Android/Total fat ratios.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with healthy controls, women with NWO had higher DBP, TG, LDL, and regional fat and lower HDL. These findings seem to be associated more with excess Android fat than excess %BF.
authors: Department of Hypertension and Internal Diseases, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland. miazgowski@interia.pl
authors: Tomasz
authors: T
authors: Miazgowski
authors: Krzysztof
authors: K
authors: Safranow
authors: Barbara
authors: B
authors: Krzyżanowska-Świniarska
authors: Katarzyna
authors: K
authors: Iskierska
authors: Krystyna
authors: K
authors: Widecka
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000378:metabolism*; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000737:chemistry*; D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D001835:Body Weight; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism; D054409:Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism*; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D017697:Premenopause / Q000378:metabolism*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D054409:Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase
keywords: Adipokines; body fat; lipid profiles; normal weight obesity