title: Nuclear β-catenin accumulation is associated with increased expression of Nanog protein and predicts poor prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although the prognostic roles of β-catenin expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have been reported in several immunohistochemical (IHC) studies, the results were not consistent because some studies lack sufficient number of the positive cases or did not evaluate the subcellular localization features of the protein.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, we have evaluated the expression levels and subcellular localization of β-catenin and Nanog proteins IHC staining in tissue specimens from 309 patients with NSCLC, and explored their association with clinicopathological features and patient outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We showed that patients with negative expression of membranous beta-catenin had a trend towards shorter survival (p=0.064) than those with positive expression. In contrast to previous studies, we found that increased expression of either cytoplasmic or nuclear β-catenin was strongly associated with poor prognosis and was an independent prognosticator for overall survival (p <0.01). We further found that NSCLC cells frequently exhibited an abundance of nuclear Nanog protein which was significantly correlated with nuclear β-catenin expression (p <0.01) and poor prognosis (p <0.01). Interestingly, immunofluorescent staining results revealed that increased expression of Nanog and nuclear translocation of β-catenin occurred concomitantly in response to epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) signaling in A549 and H23 cells. Furthermore, western blot analysis show that nuclear β-catenin rather than cytoplasmic β-catenin expression in the A549 and H23 cells can be enhanced by adding EGF, Nanog expression in the A549 and H23 cells with knockdown of β-catenin can not be obviously enhanced by adding EGF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We propose that evaluation of subcellular localization of β-catenin and Nanog expression is of clinical significance for patients with NSCLC.
authors: Cancer Institute, Southern Medical University, 1023 Shatai Road South, Guangzhou 510515, China.
authors: Xi-Qing
authors: XQ
authors: Li
authors: Xing-Long
authors: XL
authors: Yang
authors: Gong
authors: G
authors: Zhang
authors: Si-Pei
authors: SP
authors: Wu
authors: Xu-Bing
authors: XB
authors: Deng
authors: Sheng-Jun
authors: SJ
authors: Xiao
authors: Qiu-Zhen
authors: QZ
authors: Liu
authors: Kai-Tai
authors: KT
authors: Yao
authors: Guang-Hui
authors: GH
authors: Xiao
mesh_terms: D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism*; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000071317:Nanog Homeobox Protein; D011379:Prognosis; D015398:Signal Transduction; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D051176:beta Catenin / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C495270:CTNNB1 protein, human; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; C486780:NANOG protein, human; D000071317:Nanog Homeobox Protein; D051176:beta Catenin
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