title: Ketamine attenuates the lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response in cultured N2a cells.
abstract: The use of ketamine is recommended in patients with sepsis undergoing surgery due to its anti-inflammatory effects. However, a paucity of data exists with regard to the anti-inflammatory effects of ketamine in the central nervous system. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of ketamine on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‑induced inflammatory responses in cultured Neuro2a (N2a) cells and to elucidate its potential mechanism of action. N2a cells were randomly divided into the following 3 groups (n=6): The DMEM culture solution administration alone group, the 0.5 µmol/l LPS administration alone group and the 1 µmol/l ketamine plus 0.5 µmol/l LPS administration group. The expression levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, nuclear factor (NF)-κB and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were determined. LPS-treated N2a cells exhibited a significant increase in the expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, NF-κB and iNOS, while the administration of ketamine eliminated the LPS-induced production of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, NF-κB and iNOS. Based on our data, we hypothesized that the anti-inflammatory effect exerted by ketamine on N2a cells was potentially due to the inhibition of NF-κB and iNOS.
authors: Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, PR China.
authors: Chun
authors: C
authors: Yang
authors: Ri-Yue
authors: RY
authors: Jiang
authors: Jiang
authors: J
authors: Shen
authors: Tao
authors: T
authors: Hong
authors: Ning
authors: N
authors: Liu
authors: Liang-Cai
authors: LC
authors: Ding
authors: Da-Ming
authors: DM
authors: Wang
authors: Lu-Jun
authors: LJ
authors: Chen
authors: Bin
authors: B
authors: Xu
authors: Bin
authors: B
authors: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D007649:Ketamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007649:Ketamine; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II