title: Factors associated with depression and suicide among patients with diabetes mellitus and essential hypertension in a Nigerian teaching hospital.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diabetes mellitus (DM) and essential hypertension are chronic medical conditions that place a lot of burden on patients. The presence of depression and suicidal behaviour may worsen the prognosis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the prevalence of depression and suicidal behaviour in subjects with diabetes mellitus and essential hypertension and also determine the socio-demographic correlates.
  
  
  METHODS
  Major depressive episode and suicidality modules of Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview were used to assess depression and suicidal behaviour respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of depression for the subjects with DM was 27.8% and 26.7% for essential hypertension. The subjects with DM had prevalence of 6.3% for suicidal behaviour while essential hypertension had 7.8%. Depression was higher in subjects with DM if they were not married or had no education while the subjects with essential hypertension were more likely to have depression if they were not married, had no education or not employed. Suicidal behaviour was higher in subjects with DM if they had no education while in essential hypertension suicidal behaviour was higher in females, those not married and those not educated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Depression and suicidal behaviour occur with DM and essential hypertension.
authors: Department of Psychological Medicine, Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Ebonyi State Nigeria. mondayigwe@yahoo.com
authors: M N
authors: MN
authors: Igwe
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Uwakwe
authors: C A
authors: CA
authors: Ahanotu
authors: G M
authors: GM
authors: Onyeama
authors: M O
authors: MO
authors: Bakare
authors: A C
authors: AC
authors: Ndukuba
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009549:Nigeria / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013405:Suicide / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
references: Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2000 Feb;15(2):162-9
references: 10679847
references: Am J Psychiatry. 1983 Aug;140(8):1072-4
references: 6869595
references: Diabetes Care. 2001 Jun;24(6):1069-78
references: 11375373
references: J Natl Med Assoc. 2008 Jan;100(1):73-8
references: 18277812
references: J Hypertens. 2005 Mar;23(3):611-7
references: 15716704
references: Diabetes Care. 2009 Apr;32(4):575-9
references: 19171719
references: West J Med. 2000 Feb;172(2):124-8
references: 10693376
references: Psychosomatics. 2009 Jan-Feb;50(1):16-23
references: 19213968
references: Psychosomatics. 2001 Sep-Oct;42(5):382-90
references: 11739904
references: Arch Intern Med. 2000 May 22;160(10):1522-6
references: 10826468
references: Am J Psychiatry. 1986 Jun;143(6):696-705
references: 3521339
references: J Clin Psychiatry. 1998;59 Suppl 20:22-33;quiz 34-57
references: 9881538
references: Psychosom Med. 2003 Jul-Aug;65(4):548-57
references: 12883104
references: East Afr Med J. 2000 Jan;77(1):42-5
references: 10944839
references: J Am Board Fam Med. 2008 May-Jun;21(3):223-33
references: 18467534
references: Diabetes Care. 2004 Apr;27(4):914-20
references: 15047648
references: Diabetes Care. 2005 Jun;28(6):1339-45
references: 15920049
references: Afr J Med Med Sci. 1996 Mar;25(1):61-7
references: 9110056
references: Diabetes Care. 2005 Aug;28(8):1904-9
references: 16043730
references: Soc Sci Med. 1984;19(8):831-7
references: 6505749
references: Ann Afr Med. 2010 Jan-Mar;9(1):5-10
references: 20418642
references: Diabetes Care. 2007 Mar;30(3):542-8
references: 17327318
references: Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2005 Oct;59(5):517-26
references: 16194252
references: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1994 Feb;33(2):240-6
references: 8150796
references: Hypertension. 2000 Feb;35(2):561-7
references: 10679498