title: Osseointegration of titanium with an antimicrobial nanostructured noble metal coating.
abstract: Nanometer scale surface features on implants and prostheses can potentially be used to enhance osseointegration and may also add further functionalities, such as infection resistance, to the implant. In this study, a nanostructured noble metal coating consisting of palladium, gold and silver, never previously used in bone applications, was applied to machined titanium screws to evaluate osseointegration after 6 and 12 weeks in rabbit tibiae and femurs. Infection resistance was confirmed by in vitro adhesion test. A qualitatively and quantitatively similar in vivo bone response was observed for the coated and uncoated control screws, using histology, histomorphometry and electron microscopy. The bone-implant interface analysis revealed an extensive bone formation and direct bone-implant contact. These results demonstrate that the nanostructured noble metal coating with antimicrobial properties promotes osseointegration and may therefore be used to add extra implant functionality in the form of increased resistance to infection without the use of antibiotics.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The authors of this paper demonstrate that nanostructured noble metal coating of implants and prostheses used in orthopedic procedures promotes osseointegration and may be used to add extra implant functionality in the form of increased resistance to infection without the use of antibiotics.
authors: BIOMATCELL VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy, Göteborg, Sweden; Department of Biomaterials, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden. Electronic address: sara.svensson@biomaterials.gu.se.
authors: Sara
authors: S
authors: Svensson
authors: Felicia
authors: F
authors: Suska
authors: Lena
authors: L
authors: Emanuelsson
authors: Anders
authors: A
authors: Palmquist
authors: Birgitta
authors: B
authors: Norlindh
authors: Margarita
authors: M
authors: Trobos
authors: Helen
authors: H
authors: Bäckros
authors: Linda
authors: L
authors: Persson
authors: Gunilla
authors: G
authors: Rydja
authors: Mattias
authors: M
authors: Ohrlander
authors: Benny
authors: B
authors: Lyvén
authors: Jukka
authors: J
authors: Lausmaa
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Thomsen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D005269:Femur / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D020007:Implants, Experimental; D007368:Interferometry; D008670:Metals / Q000494:pharmacology*; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000187:drug effects*; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D056951:Photoelectron Spectroscopy; D011817:Rabbits; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D013499:Surface Properties; D013977:Tibia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D014025:Titanium / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D008670:Metals; D014025:Titanium
keywords: Antimicrobial; Nanotopography; Noble metals; Osseointegration; Titanium