title: Integrins modulate the infection efficiency of West Nile virus into cells.
abstract: The underlying mechanisms allowing West Nile virus (WNV) to replicate in a large variety of different arthropod, bird and mammal species are largely unknown but are believed to rely on highly conserved proteins relevant for viral entry and replication. Consistent with this, the integrin αvβ3 has been proposed lately to function as the cellular receptor for WNV. More recently published data, however, are not in line with this concept. Integrins are highly conserved among diverse taxa and are expressed by almost every cell type at high numbers. Our study was designed to clarify the involvement of integrins in WNV infection of cells. A cell culture model, based on wild-type and specific integrin knockout cell lines lacking the integrin subunits αv, β1 or β3, was used to investigate the susceptibility to WNV, and to evaluate binding and replication efficiencies of four distinct strains (New York 1999, Uganda 1937, Sarafend and Dakar). Though all cell lines were permissive, clear differences in replication efficiencies were observed. Rescue of the β3-integrin subunit resulted in enhanced WNV yields of up to 90 %, regardless of the virus strain used. Similar results were obtained for β1-expressing and non-expressing cells. Binding, however, was not affected by the expression of the integrins in question, and integrin blocking antibodies failed to have any effect. We conclude that integrins are involved in WNV infection but not at the level of binding to target cells.
authors: Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald - Isle of Riems, Germany.
authors: Katja
authors: K
authors: Schmidt
authors: Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald - Isle of Riems, Germany.
authors: Markus
authors: M
authors: Keller
authors: Nutritional Medicine Unit, Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Technical University Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 2, 85354 Freising, Germany.
authors: Bernhard L
authors: BL
authors: Bader
authors: Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald - Isle of Riems, Germany.
authors: Tomáš
authors: T
authors: Korytář
authors: Institute of Molecular Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald - Isle of Riems, Germany.
authors: Stefan
authors: S
authors: Finke
authors: Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald - Isle of Riems, Germany.
authors: Ute
authors: U
authors: Ziegler
authors: Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald - Isle of Riems, Germany.
authors: Martin H
authors: MH
authors: Groschup
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D055786:Gene Knockout Techniques; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D016023:Integrins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D011991:Receptors, Virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D053586:Virus Internalization; D014902:West Nile virus / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D016023:Integrins; D011991:Receptors, Virus
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