title: Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2.
abstract: Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2) is an autosomal-dominant cancer syndrome characterized by variable penetrance of medullary thyroid carcinoma(MTC), pheochromocytoma (PHEO), and primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). MEN2 consists of two clinical subtypes, MEN2A and MEN2B. Familial medullary thyroid cancer is now viewed as a phenotypic variant of MEN2A with decreased penetrance for PHEO and PHPT rather than a distinct entity. All subtypes are caused by gain-of-function mutations of the RET proto-oncogene. Genotype-phenotype correlations exist that help predict the presence of other associated endocrine neoplasms as well as the timing of thyroid cancer development. Recognition of the clinical entity in individuals and families at risk of harboring a germline RET mutation is crucial for the management and prevention of associated malignancies. Recent guidelines released by the American Thyroid Association regarding the management of MTC will be summarized in this chapter.
authors: Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. lodishma @ mail.nih.gov
authors: Maya
authors: M
authors: Lodish
mesh_terms: D000310:Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy; D000315:Adrenalectomy; D018276:Carcinoma, Medullary / Q000151:congenital / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy; D018278:Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D005820:Genetic Testing; D006801:Humans; D049950:Hyperparathyroidism, Primary / Q000175:diagnosis; D018813:Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2a / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000628:therapy; D018814:Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2b / Q000235:genetics; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000175:diagnosis; D010673:Pheochromocytoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D000090063:Proto-Oncogene Mas; D051096:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret / Q000235:genetics*; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; C000715470:MAS1 protein, human; D000090063:Proto-Oncogene Mas; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D051096:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret