title: Household environmental conditions are associated with enteropathy and impaired growth in rural Bangladesh.
abstract: We assessed the relationship of fecal environmental contamination and environmental enteropathy. We compared markers of environmental enteropathy, parasite burden, and growth in 119 Bangladeshi children (≤ 48 months of age) across rural Bangladesh living in different levels of household environmental cleanliness defined by objective indicators of water quality and sanitary and hand-washing infrastructure. Adjusted for potential confounding characteristics, children from clean households had 0.54 SDs (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.06, 1.01) higher height-for-age z scores (HAZs), 0.32 SDs (95% CI = -0.72, 0.08) lower lactulose:mannitol (L:M) ratios in urine, and 0.24 SDs (95% CI = -0.63, 0.16) lower immunoglobulin G endotoxin core antibody (IgG EndoCAb) titers than children from contaminated households. After adjusting for age and sex, a 1-unit increase in the ln L:M was associated with a 0.33 SDs decrease in HAZ (95% CI = -0.62, -0.05). These results are consistent with the hypothesis that environmental contamination causes growth faltering mediated through environmental enteropathy.
authors: Audrie
authors: A
authors: Lin
authors: Benjamin F
authors: BF
authors: Arnold
authors: Sadia
authors: S
authors: Afreen
authors: Rie
authors: R
authors: Goto
authors: Tarique Mohammad Nurul
authors: TMN
authors: Huda
authors: Rashidul
authors: R
authors: Haque
authors: Rubhana
authors: R
authors: Raqib
authors: Leanne
authors: L
authors: Unicomb
authors: Tahmeed
authors: T
authors: Ahmed
authors: John M
authors: JM
authors: Colford
authors: Stephen P
authors: SP
authors: Luby
mesh_terms: D001459:Bangladesh / Q000453:epidemiology; D001827:Body Height; D001835:Body Weight; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003906:Developing Countries / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000469:parasitology; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005243:Feces / Q000469:parasitology; D005260:Female; D006130:Growth Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D006920:Hygiene; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007411:Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D012424:Rural Population; D012499:Sanitation; D060753:Water Quality
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