title: Gingival crevicular fluid matrix metalloproteinase-8 levels predict treatment outcome among smokers with chronic periodontitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Molecular biomarkers are needed for diagnostic use in periodontal diseases. The aim of this study is to explore different gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) patterns in smokers and non-smokers with chronic periodontitis (CP) and test the utility of baseline GCF MMP-8 levels in predicting categorically assessed treatment outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population comprised 15 patients with CP (five non-smokers and 10 smokers). GCF sampling of five to seven periodontal sites per patient was done at baseline, post-treatment, and bimonthly during the maintenance period from 8 to 12 months. GCF MMP-8 levels were measured with an immunofluorometric assay. MMP-8 response patterns were explored by cluster analysis. The ability of baseline MMP-8 levels to predict categorical treatment outcomes was analyzed with receiver operating characteristic curves.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GCF MMP-8 response patterns could be clustered into two different site profiles among both smokers and non-smokers. Smoker site profiles 1 and 2 had significantly different clinical attachment level and gingival recession changes by the end of the maintenance period. In smoker sites, baseline MMP-8 levels significantly predicted the categorical treatment outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Baseline GCF MMP-8 levels strongly predict how MMP-8 levels behave during the maintenance period. In smoker sites, high baseline MMP-8 levels indicate weak treatment response.
authors: Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors: Jussi M
authors: JM
authors: Leppilahti
authors: Mikko A
authors: MA
authors: Kallio
authors: Taina
authors: T
authors: Tervahartiala
authors: Timo
authors: T
authors: Sorsa
authors: Päivi
authors: P
authors: Mäntylä
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018441:Biofilms; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000628:therapy*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D012534:Dental Scaling / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005544:Forecasting; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000201:enzymology*; D005889:Gingival Recession / Q000201:enzymology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D020784:Matrix Metalloproteinase 8 / Q000032:analysis*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009910:Oral Hygiene / Q000193:education; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000201:enzymology / Q000628:therapy; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000201:enzymology / Q000628:therapy; D012372:ROC Curve; D016745:Root Planing / Q000379:methods; D012907:Smoking; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C488762:MMP8 protein, human; D020784:Matrix Metalloproteinase 8