title: Onset, longevity, and patient satisfaction with incobotulinumtoxinA for the treatment of glabellar frown lines: a single-arm, prospective clinical study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  IncobotulinumtoxinA (Bocouture(®)) is free from complexing proteins and effective for treating glabellar frown lines.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the efficacy, onset, and duration of action of incobotulinumtoxinA for the treatment of glabellar frown lines.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this single-arm, prospective, proof-of-concept study, 23 patients were treated with 25 U incobotulinumtoxinA, equally split between five injection sites in the glabella. Severity of glabellar frown lines was rated by an independent rater from standardized photographs using the validated Merz 5-point scale at several visits over 5 months following treatment. To assess patient satisfaction, patients completed a questionnaire before and 2 weeks after treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The percentage of responders at maximum frown 2-4 days after treatment was 95.2% and 85.0% when responders were defined as patients with ≥ 1-point and ≥ 2-point improvement on the 5-point scale compared with baseline, respectively. At this time point, 84% of the maximum effect had occurred. The responder rate at maximum frown, according to both definitions, was 100% for at least the next two visits (days 8 ± 1 and 14 ± 2). At all visits, the change from baseline in the mean glabellar frown-line score at maximum frown was statistically significant, with on average an almost 1-point improvement from baseline 5 months after treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IncobotulinumtoxinA is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for glabellar frown lines, with a rapid onset of action and a long duration of effect lasting for more than 5 months.
authors: Dermatologikum Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany. prager@dermatologikum.de
authors: Welf
authors: W
authors: Prager
authors: Eva K
authors: EK
authors: Bee
authors: Isabel
authors: I
authors: Havermann
authors: Ina
authors: I
authors: Zschocke
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003357:Cosmetic Techniques; D005260:Female; D005546:Forehead; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000187:drug effects*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A; C545476:incobotulinumtoxinA
keywords: aesthetics; botulinum toxin A; frown lines
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