title: [DNA damage to somatic cells of mice exposed to nonylphenol and to a combination of ionizing radiation and nonylphenol].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nonylphenol (NP) has been found in daily used products reach in polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The main routes of human exposure are consumption of contaminated food and water. Radiation comes from natural and man-made sources, and is used in medicine, science and industry. Both agents are widely present in environment, therefore human exposure to their combined effect seems to be highly probable.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was the estimation of the effects of subchronic exposure of male mice to nonylphenol alone and in a combination with ionizing radiation on the induction of DNA strand breaks of multiple somatic cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pzh:SFIS male mice were exposed for 8 weeks, 5 days/week to nonylphenol alone (25 mg/kg bw or 50 mg/kg bw ) or in a combination with X-rays (0.05 Gy + 25 mg/kg bw NP). Animal were killed at 24 h, 1,4 and 8 weeks after the end of exposure. The bone marrow, spleens, livers, kidneys and lungs were isolated from mice. The estimation of DNA damage was carried out by using Comet assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most sensitive to nonylphenol occurred bone marrow lymphocytes, less sensitive were cells of spleen and lungs. NP did not induce the strand breaks in cells coming from liver and kidneys. Eight-weeks combined exposure to ionizing radiation and nonylphenol (0.05 Gy + 25 mg/kg bw NP) caused significantly enhanced level of DNA strand breaks in all tested cells. The most sensitive occurred bone marrow lymphocytes and spleen cells, whereas cells from kidneys and lungs were the least sensitive.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Subchronic application ofnonylphenol to mice induced damage to genetic material of bone marrow lymphocytes and cells of spleen and lungs. Combined exposure to ionizing radiation and nonylphenol caused, significantly higher than NP alone, level of DNA strand breaks of bone marrow lymphocytes, cells of liver, spleen, lungs and kidneys. Such damages might be stimulated by ionizing radiation.
authors: Zakład Higieny Radiacyjnej i Radiobiologii, Narodowy Instytut Zdrowia Publicznego - Państwowy Zakład Higieny, Warszawa. mdobrzynska@pzh.gov.pl
authors: Małgorzata M
authors: MM
authors: Dobrzyńska
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects; D004247:DNA / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D004249:DNA Damage; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000528:radiation effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity; D010636:Phenols / Q000633:toxicity*; D011839:Radiation, Ionizing; D013154:Spleen / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects; D059550:Toxicity Tests, Subchronic
chemical_list: D009153:Mutagens; D010636:Phenols; C025256:nonylphenol; D004247:DNA