title: The application of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in early diagnosis of Alzheimer disease.
abstract: This article gives an updated account of the clinical application of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers for Alzheimer disease (AD). The clinically most relevant biomarkers, total tau, phospho-tau and Aβ42 are discussed, and how they may be used, together with other diagnostic investigations, to make a predementia diagnosis of AD. Recent findings in sporadic and genetic preclinical AD are also discussed and, more specifically, what the biomarkers have taught us on the sequence of events in the pathogenic process underlying AD.
authors: Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal Campus, Mölndal, Sweden. kaj.blennow@neuro.gu.se
authors: Kaj
authors: K
authors: Blennow
authors: Henrik
authors: H
authors: Zetterberg
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D058070:Asymptomatic Diseases; D001284:Atrophy; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009410:Nerve Degeneration / Q000473:pathology; D009474:Neurons / Q000473:pathology; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D062706:Prodromal Symptoms; D012985:Software Design; D013569:Synapses / Q000473:pathology; D016875:tau Proteins / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D015415:Biomarkers; C054369:MAPT protein, human; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C075222:amyloid beta-protein (1-42); D016875:tau Proteins