title: EMG-guided salpingopharyngeus Botox injection for palatal myoclonus.
abstract: Palatal myoclonus (PM) is a rare neurological disorder characterized by involuntary movements of the soft palate musculature causing objective clicking tinnitus. Two forms are recognized as distinct clinical entities, with poorly understood pathogenesis: essential and symptomatic PM. The intrusive nature of the tinnitus prompts patients to seek medical advice. Conventional medical treatments with anxiolytics, antidepressants, and anticonvulsants have limited efficacy in these patients. In this case report, electromyography-guided injection of botulinum toxin type A (Botox; Allergan, Irvine, CA, USA) to the involved salpingopharyngeus and tensor veli palatini yielded satisfactory results with minimal temporary adverse effects.
authors: Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors: T K
authors: TK
authors: Wan
authors: J T
authors: JT
authors: Chen
authors: P C
authors: PC
authors: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004576:Electromyography / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D009207:Myoclonus / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010609:Pharyngeal Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014012:Tinnitus / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A