title: Repellent activity of eugenol on larvae of Rhipicephalus microplus and Dermacentor nitens (Acari: Ixodidae).
abstract: The repellent activity of eugenol was evaluated on Rhipicephalus microplus and Dermacentor nitens larvae in a bioassay based on the vertical migration of these tick larvae during the host-seek phase. Solutions were used at concentrations of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 μl/ml and a control only with the solvent ethanol 50 GL. The larvae's reaction of climbing the rods of filter paper was observed each hour for 12 h and once more at 24 h. The repellence was calculated as a percentage through visual estimation, from the tendency of the larvae to climb the rods when the top part was impregnated with the eugenol solutions. For R. microplus larvae, the four highest concentrations produced repellence levels were greater than 80 % for up to 9 h. The repellence rates after 10 h for the concentration of 10 μl/ml was lower than 2 % (p > 0.05); and after 24 h, the values observed for the concentrations of 40 and 50 μl/ml were 77 and 80 % (p < 0.05). For the D. nitens larvae, the repellence was greater than 80 % for up to 5 h at the concentrations of 40 and 50 μl/ml; and after 9 h, the repellence fell for all treated groups were significantly different than the control were found only at the three highest concentrations. Therefore, eugenol has repellent activity on the larval stage of these two tick species, with the R. microplus larvae being more sensitive.
authors: Graduate Program in Animal Behavior and Biology, Juiz de Fora Federal University, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, s/n, Bairro São Pedro, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil. vivianezr@yahoo.com.br
authors: Viviane
authors: V
authors: Zeringóta
authors: Tatiane Oliveira Souza
authors: TO
authors: Senra
authors: Fernanda
authors: F
authors: Calmon
authors: Ralph
authors: R
authors: Maturano
authors: Aline Pasqualini
authors: AP
authors: Faza
authors: Francisco Eduardo Aragão
authors: FE
authors: Catunda-Junior
authors: Caio Márcio Oliveira
authors: CM
authors: Monteiro
authors: Mario Geraldo
authors: MG
authors: de Carvalho
authors: Erik
authors: E
authors: Daemon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001681:Biological Assay; D003870:Dermacentor / Q000187:drug effects*; D005054:Eugenol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007302:Insect Repellents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects; D048494:Rhipicephalus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D007302:Insect Repellents; D005054:Eugenol
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