title: Medial arch orthosis for paediatric flatfoot.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate any correlation between various foot angles and their respective American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) scores for pain, and the effectiveness of a medial arch orthosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  81 children with bilateral symptomatic flatfoot were randomised into orthosis (n=55) and control (n=26) groups. The orthosis group consisted of 33 male and 22 female patients aged 36 to 204 (mean, 99) months and they were given a medial arch support. The control group consisted of 15 male and 11 female patients aged 36 to 192 (mean, 100) months and they were managed with analgesics. Foot angles including anteroposterior (AP) and lateral talocalcaneal (TC) angles, AP and lateral talo- first metatarsal (TFM) angles, calcaneal pitch angle (in lateral plane), and talonavicular (TN) angle were measured, as were AOFAS scores for pain for the forefoot, midfoot, and hindfoot.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After orthosis treatment, all AOFAS scores and all foot angles (except for the AP-TN angle) improved significantly. In the controls, all AOFAS scores (except for the midfoot score) and only the AP-TFM angle improved significantly. In the orthosis group, the AOFAS hindfoot score correlated positively with the lateral TC angle of the left foot (r=0.345, p=0.010) and negatively with the calcaneal pitch angle of the right foot (r=-0.33, p=0.015). In the control group, the lateral TFM angle of the left foot correlated negatively with the AOFAS forefoot (r=-0.566, p=0.003) and midfoot scores (r=-0.497, p=0.001), whereas the calcaneal pitch angle of the left foot correlated positively with the AOFAS forefoot score (r=0.497, p=0.010).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Medial arch support orthosis significantly improved AOFAS scores and foot angles. Calcaneal pitch angle and lateral TC angle correlated well with AOFAS hindfoot scores.
authors: Department of Orthopaedics, Rare Disease Institute, Guro Hospital, KUMC, Seoul, South Korea. shivamortho81@gmail.com
authors: Shivam
authors: S
authors: Sinha
authors: Hae Ryong
authors: HR
authors: Song
authors: Hak Jun
authors: HJ
authors: Kim
authors: Man Sik
authors: MS
authors: Park
authors: Yeoung Chool
authors: YC
authors: Yoon
authors: Sang Heon
authors: SH
authors: Song
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D005413:Flatfoot / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009989:Orthotic Devices; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016037:Single-Blind Method
keywords: flatfoot; foot orthoses