title: The microbiology of the peri-implant sulcus following successful implantation of oral prosthetic treatments.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oral implants are widely used in partially and fully edentulous patients; however, the integration of an implant can be endangered by factors such as intraoral bacteria or inflammatory reactions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the microbial flora present in the sulcus around dental implants and to assess the relationship between gingival health and microbial flora present.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty patients who had received oral implants with no complications were followed for a period of 9 months. Assessment of probing depth, the presence of bleeding on probing and microbial sampling from the peri-implant sulcus were performed at three different time points- 4 weeks after surgery, 1 month and 6 months after loading. The samples were taken by paper points and transferred to the microbiology lab in thioglyocolate cultures. In order to do a colony count and isolate the aerobic capnophilic and anerobic bacteria the samples were cultured and incubated on laboratory media. The colonies were also identified using various diagnostic tests. Alterations in the presence of various bacterial species over time and gum health were tested using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey's test post hoc.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average pocket depth for each patient ranged from 1.37 ± 0.39 mm to 2.55 ± 0.72 mm. The bacteria isolated from the cultured samples included aerobic, facultative anerobic, obligate anerobic and capnophilic bacteria.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The anerobic conditions created in the peri-implant sulcus might with time enhance the number of anerobic bacteria present following dental implant loading.
authors: Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors: Nafiseh
authors: N
authors: Asadzadeh
authors: Mahbobeh
authors: M
authors: Naderynasab
authors: Fojhan Ghorbanian
authors: FG
authors: Fard
authors: Ali
authors: A
authors: Rohi
authors: Hamidreza Rajati
authors: HR
authors: Haghi
mesh_terms: D016976:Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification*; D001420:Bacteria, Aerobic / Q000145:classification; D001421:Bacteria, Anaerobic / Q000145:classification; D058491:Bacterial Load; D001431:Bacteriological Techniques; D015921:Dental Implants / Q000382:microbiology*; D019094:Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D016967:Fusobacterium nucleatum / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005881:Gingiva / Q000382:microbiology*; D005884:Gingival Hemorrhage / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D009343:Neisseria / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000502:physiology*; D010462:Peptostreptococcus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000382:microbiology; D017861:Porphyromonas / Q000145:classification; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018720:Prevotella / Q000145:classification; D018713:Prevotella intermedia / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013210:Staphylococcus / Q000145:classification; D013291:Streptococcus / Q000145:classification; D014678:Veillonella / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants