title: Gene expression changes in the motor cortex mediating motor skill learning.
abstract: The primary motor cortex (M1) supports motor skill learning, yet little is known about the genes that contribute to motor cortical plasticity. Such knowledge could identify candidate molecules whose targeting might enable a new understanding of motor cortical functions, and provide new drug targets for the treatment of diseases which impair motor function, such as ischemic stroke. Here, we assess changes in the motor-cortical transcriptome across different stages of motor skill acquisition. Adult rats were trained on a gradually acquired appetitive reach and grasp task that required different strategies for successful pellet retrieval, or a sham version of the task in which the rats received pellet reward without needing to develop the reach and grasp skill. Tissue was harvested from the forelimb motor-cortical area either before training commenced, prior to the initial rise in task performance, or at peak performance. Differential classes of gene expression were observed at the time point immediately preceding motor task improvement. Functional clustering revealed that gene expression changes were related to the synapse, development, intracellular signaling, and the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family, with many modulated genes known to regulate synaptic plasticity, synaptogenesis, and cytoskeletal dynamics. The modulated expression of synaptic genes likely reflects ongoing network reorganization from commencement of training till the point of task improvement, suggesting that motor performance improves only after sufficient modifications in the cortical circuitry have accumulated. The regulated FGF-related genes may together contribute to M1 remodeling through their roles in synaptic growth and maturation.
authors: McGovern Institute for Brain Research, and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America. ckcheung@mit.edu
authors: Vincent C K
authors: VC
authors: Cheung
authors: Caroline
authors: C
authors: Deboer
authors: Elizabeth
authors: E
authors: Hanson
authors: Marta
authors: M
authors: Tunesi
authors: Mara
authors: M
authors: D'Onofrio
authors: Ivan
authors: I
authors: Arisi
authors: Rossella
authors: R
authors: Brandi
authors: Antonino
authors: A
authors: Cattaneo
authors: Ki A
authors: KA
authors: Goosens
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000235:genetics; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D007858:Learning / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D058977:Molecular Sequence Annotation; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D009048:Motor Skills; D051381:Rats; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013569:Synapses / Q000235:genetics; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors
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