title: A combination of neuropsychological, neuroimaging, and cerebrospinal fluid markers predicts conversion from mild cognitive impairment to dementia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a condition with increased risk for further cognitive decline. A considerable challenge lies in predicting which patients will eventually convert to dementia.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study prediction of dementia in MCI using neuropsychological tests, commonly used cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers, and hippocampal volume.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one MCI patients converting to dementia, 21 stable MCI patients, and 26 controls were included in the study with a follow-up time of two years. The study participants underwent comprehensive examinations at inclusion: a neuropsychological assessment comprising 20 tests, MRI scanning with subsequent hippocampal volumetry, and CSF analyses of T-tau, P-tau, and Aβ42.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Neuropsychological tests, hippocampal volume, and the CSF markers Aβ42, P-tau, and T-tau all predicted conversion from MCI to dementia. A combination of all classes of markers was the most successful at predicting dementia (AUC 0.96) with a memory test (RAVLT) as the best individual predictor (AUC 0.93). Similar findings are reported for the prediction of Alzheimer's disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neuropsychological tests were the best individual predictors of dementia. A combination of markers improved the predictive ability with the combination of neuropsychological tests, CSF, and hippocampal volume as the best predictors of dementia.
authors: Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Wallinsgatan 6, Mölndal, Sweden. carl.eckerstrom@neuro.gu.se
authors: Carl
authors: C
authors: Eckerström
authors: Erik
authors: E
authors: Olsson
authors: Maria
authors: M
authors: Bjerke
authors: Helge
authors: H
authors: Malmgren
authors: Ake
authors: A
authors: Edman
authors: Anders
authors: A
authors: Wallin
authors: Arto
authors: A
authors: Nordlund
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology*; D003704:Dementia / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D016875:tau Proteins / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D015415:Biomarkers; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D016875:tau Proteins