title: Reduced total antioxidant level and increased oxidative stress in patients with deficit schizophrenia: a preliminary study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Deficit schizophrenia (DS) is defined for identifying a relatively homogeneous subgroup of patients with diagnosis of schizophrenia, characterized by the presence of primary and enduring negative symptoms. There have been several studies which investigated the status of oxidative stress and total antioxidant level in patients with schizophrenia. However, there is not any study which researched differences between DS and nondeficit schizophrenia (NDS) in terms of status of oxidative stress and antioxidant level. We hypothesized that patients with DS would have different status of oxidative stress and antioxidant levels compared with patients with NDS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-three patients with DS, 42 patients with NDS and 31 age, sex and smoking status matched healthy controls (HC) were included to study. Five milliliters of blood was drawn from control subjects and patients for assessing total antioxidant potential (TAOP) and total peroxide levels (TPEROX). The ratio of TPEROX to TAOP is referred as oxidative stress index (OSI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We noticed that serum TAOP level was significantly lower in DS group compared with NDS and HC groups. The OSI was also found to be higher in DS group compared with NDS and HC groups. Furthermore, serum TAOP level and status of OSI were similar between NDS and HC groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study is the first to demonstrate differences between DS and NDS in terms of status of oxidative stress and serum total antioxidant level. We suggest that our study represents novel and important results in terms of supporting provides and hypothesis which considered DS as a different disease entity with respect to NDS. Further studies are needed for investigating the status of antioxidants and oxidative stress and their clinical implications in deficit schizophrenia.
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Kırklareli State Hospital, Kırklareli, Turkey. dr.fuge@hotmail.com
authors: Yakup
authors: Y
authors: Albayrak
authors: Cüneyt
authors: C
authors: Ünsal
authors: Murat
authors: M
authors: Beyazyüz
authors: Ahmet
authors: A
authors: Ünal
authors: Murat
authors: M
authors: Kuloğlu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010545:Peroxides / Q000097:blood; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D063189:Symptom Assessment
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010545:Peroxides
keywords: Antioxidant; BPRS; DS; Deficit schizophrenia; HC; NDS; OSI; Oxidative stress; SANS; SAPS; SCID-I; SD; SPSS; Statistical Package for the Social Sciences; TAOP; TPEROX; brief psychiatric rating scale; deficit schizophrenia; healthy control; nondeficit schizophrenia; oxidative stress index; scale for the assessment of negative symptoms; scale for the assessment of positive symptoms; standard deviation; structured clinical interview for DSM-IV axis I; total antioxidant potential; total peroxide levels