title: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation cannula malposition in the azygos vein in an infant.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Misplacement of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) venous cannula in the azygos vein has previously been described only in newborns.
  
  
  METHODS
  For the first time, we report an aberrant ECMO cannula placement in the azygos vein in a child outside neonatal period. History of chronic lung disease and ligation of persistent ductus arteriosus leading to elevated right ventricular pressure was the potential risk factor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This rare complication should be considered whenever the patient has inadequate venous return on ECMO and it can be easily ruled out with a lateral chest radiograph.
authors: Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA. reinis.balmaks@gmail.com
authors: Reinis
authors: R
authors: Balmaks
authors: Kari E
authors: KE
authors: Sufficool
authors: Frances V
authors: FV
authors: White
authors: Melissa M
authors: MM
authors: Byrge
authors: Nikoleta S
authors: NS
authors: Kolovos
mesh_terms: D001344:Autopsy; D001401:Azygos Vein / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D004867:Equipment Design; D015199:Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D019300:Medical Errors; D010690:Phlebography / Q000379:methods; D062666:Vascular Access Devices / Q000009:adverse effects*