title: [Non-coeliac gluten sensitivity: hype, or new epidemic?].
abstract: Coeliac disease is an immune-mediated inflammation of the small intestine caused by sensitivity to dietary gluten and related proteins in genetically sensitive individuals. Recently, a novel gluten-related disorder has gained significant interest from the scientific community and mass media. This condition, known as non-coeliac gluten sensitivity, is characterised by gastrointestinal or extra-intestinal symptoms that respond to gluten withdrawal without evidence of underlying coeliac disease. Its symptoms overlap considerably with those of irritable bowel syndrome and the number of individuals embracing a gluten-free diet is rapidly growing. No discriminative markers to support a diagnosis of gluten sensitivity have been identified; the perceived response to a gluten-free diet after exclusion of coeliac disease is currently the best diagnostic and therapeutic marker. Its pathogenesis remains obscure but may be related to non-gliadin molecules in grains that stimulate the innate immune system of the intestine. Here, we summarise the current knowledge on this novel condition.
authors.affiliation: VU medisch centrum, afd. Maag-, Darm- en Leverziekten, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Petula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nijeboer
authors.forename: Chris  J J
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mulder
authors.forename: Gerd
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bouma
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000178:diet therapy; D055050:Diet, Gluten-Free; D005983:Glutens / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D043183:Irritable Bowel Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000178:diet therapy
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D005983:Glutens