title: Preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen as an outcome predictor in colon cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Several reports have shown that certain pre-operative CEA intervals can be predictive of long-term outcomes and have subsequently implied that preoperative CEA may be useful to assess the risk of recurrence or death as a continuous number for individual cases. This analysis assesses if this hypothesis is valid after correction for confounders.
  
  
  METHODS
  All colon cancer patients operated on at Massachusetts General Hospital from 2004 through 2011 were considered for retrospective review. Association between outcomes and preoperative CEA was measured in intervals and as a linear relationship.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 1,071 patients operated for colon adenocarcinoma, 621 (57.9%) had a preoperative CEA drawn and were included in the analysis. In models using intervals, preoperative CEA did show association with (disease-free) survival, but this was shown to be chiefly a surrogate for metastatic presentation. In linear approaches adjusted for metastatic presentation, CEA loses all correlations with metastatic disease (P = 0.84), survival (P = 0.11), survival duration (P = 0.42) and disease-free interval (P = 0.94).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Extrapolating the predictive value of certain preoperative CEA intervals to a continuous approach for use in a case-for-case basis is unjustified. Preoperative CEA may be a useful risk estimator but has limited significance for predictions of long-term outcomes in individual cases.
authors.affiliation: Division of General Surgery & Gastrointestinal Surgery, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Ramzi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Amri
authors.forename: Liliana G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Bordeianou
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sylla
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Berger
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen; D006454:Hemoglobins