title: Transvenous, antegrade Melody valve-in-valve implantation for bioprosthetic mitral and tricuspid valve dysfunction: a case series in children and adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to report the results of percutaneous valve-in-valve therapy using the Melody valve (Medtronic, Minneapolis, Minnesota) for patients with degenerated mitral and tricuspid bioprosthetic valves.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Open surgery for replacement of degenerated bioprosthetic valves is associated with morbidity and mortality.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nineteen patients (median age 65 years, range 10 to 88 years; 7 males) with degenerated mitral (n = 9) or tricuspid (n = 10) bioprosthetic valves underwent transvenous valve-in-valve implantation of the Melody valve.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the mitral patients, the mean Society of Thoracic Surgeons mortality score was 13.3 ± 5.6%. All patients had a prosthetic valve mean diastolic inflow gradient ≥5 mm Hg. Moderate or worse regurgitation was present in 7 of 9 mitral and 7 of 10 tricuspid patients. Implantation of a Melody valve was successful in all. Among the mitral patients, mean diastolic gradient decreased from 12.3 ± 4.6 mm Hg to 5.2 ± 2 mm Hg (p < 0.01). Residual regurgitation was trivial to mild in 6, mild to moderate in 2, and moderate in 1 patient. Among the tricuspid patients, mean diastolic gradient decreased from 10.0 ± 4.3 mm Hg to 5.6 ± 2.5 mm Hg (p < 0.01). Residual regurgitation was trivial to mild in 9 and mild to moderate in 1 patient. New York Heart Association functional class improved in 17 of 19 patients (p < 0.01). No periprocedural deaths, myocardial infarctions, strokes, or valve embolizations occurred. Vascular access site complications occurred in 4 patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Percutaneous valve-in-valve implantation of the Melody valve in the mitral or tricuspid position for treatment of bioprosthetic valve dysfunction is feasible and can lead to significant symptomatic improvement in carefully selected high-risk patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Michael W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Cullen
authors.forename: Allison K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Cabalka
authors.forename: Oluseun O
authors.initials: OO
authors.lastname: Alli
authors.forename: Sorin V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Pislaru
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sorajja
authors.forename: Vuyisile T
authors.initials: VT
authors.lastname: Nkomo
authors.forename: Joseph F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Malouf
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cetta
authors.forename: Donald J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Hagler
authors.forename: Charanjit S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Rihal
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001705:Bioprosthesis; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D002648:Child; D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D015641:Radiography, Interventional; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014261:Tricuspid Valve / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D014262:Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*