title: Recruitment strategies and yields for the Pathobiology of Prediabetes in a Biracial Cohort: a prospective natural history study of incident dysglycemia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Pathobiology of Prediabetes in A Biracial Cohort study is a prospective evaluation of the transition from normal to impaired glucose regulation among African American and Caucasian adults with parental type 2 diabetes. This report describes recruitment strategies and relative yields for the 376 enrolled subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Recruitment occurred over 3.4 years, with clinical and metabolic assessments during 2.1-5.5 years of quarterly follow-up. The major recruitment sources were advertisements, community outreach, and clinical facilities. Advertisements included newspaper, television, radio, Internet, distributed brochures, utility bill inserts, and direct mailing. Community outreach included screening events during religious gatherings and health fairs, and referral by friends and families. The category of clinical facilities covered all subjects referred by health workers or recruited through area clinics and hospitals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  57.7% of participants were African American and 42.3% were Caucasian; the mean age (± SD) was 44.2 ± 10.6 years, and ~70% were female. Advertisements yielded 52.4% of all participants, compared to 34.8% from community outreach and 12.8% from clinical facilities (P for trend < 0.0001). More Caucasians than African Americans cited advertising as the source of study information, whereas more African Americans than Caucasians cited community outreach. The accrual from clinical facilities was similar in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Advertisements and community outreach were robust recruitment sources for assembling a diverse longitudinal diabetes offspring cohort, but each had differential yields in African Americans and Caucasians. Thus, a multifaceted approach comprising passive and active components is needed to recruit a multiracial clinical research population.
authors.forename: Sotonte
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ebenibo
authors.forename: Chimaroke
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Edeoga
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ammons
authors.forename: Nonso
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Egbuonu
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dagogo-Jack
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000329:Advertising; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018579:Patient Selection; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000473:pathology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D035842:Research Subjects; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data