title: [The challenge of treating bipolar outpatients].
abstract: The course of bipolar illness comprises a wide range, which may vary between one single episode once every five years and a severe ultra rapid cycling course with mood changes within days. Even with optimal pharmacological treatment the functional outcome in bipolar patients is still poor. Underlying pathomechanisms are not fully understood yet. This article addresses three possible illness specific-aspects: cognitive defects, high relapse frequency and poor adherence. Causes as well as therapeutic interventions for these therapeutic pitfalls are summarised.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Seemüller
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Musil
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Severus
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dittmann
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Born
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schaub
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dargel
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Grunze
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D038801:International Classification of Diseases; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010045:Outpatients; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011788:Quality of Life; D012008:Recurrence; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D055815:Young Adult