title: Synthesis, characterization, protonation reactions, and electrochemistry of substituted open-chain pentapyrroles and sapphyrins in nonaqueous media.
abstract: Open-chain pentapyrroles were isolated as side-products from the synthesis of triaryl-corroles and then converted to the corresponding sapphyrins by catalytic oxidation in acidic media. The investigated compounds were characterized by UV-vis and (1)H NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, electrochemistry, and spectroelectrochemistry and are represented as (Ar)4PPyH3 and (Ar)4SH3, where Ar is a F(-) or Cl(-) substituted phenyl group, PPy is a trianion of the open-chain pentapyrrole, and S is a trianion of the sapphyrin. Cyclic voltammetry and thin-layer UV-vis spectroelectrochemistry measurements were carried out in PhCN and CH2Cl2 containing 0.1 M tetra-n-butylammonium perchlorate. The open-chain pentapyrroles undergo two reversible one-electron reductions and two reversible one-electron oxidations to generate [(Ar)PPyH3](-), [(Ar)PPyH3](2-), [(Ar)PPyH3](+), and [(Ar)PPyH3](2+) which were spectroscopically characterized. The corresponding sapphyrins exhibit two or three reversible one-electron oxidations in PhCN, but the reductions of these compounds are irreversible because of coupled chemical reactions following electron transfer. Comparisons are made between redox potentials and spectral properties of the open-chain pentapyrroles, sapphyrins, and structurally related corroles. Protonation of the open-chain pentapyrroles and sapphyrins was also carried out in CH2Cl2, and equilibrium constants were calculated by monitoring the spectral changes during titrations with trifluoroacetic acid. The pentapyrroles undergo a simultaneous two-proton addition to generate [(Ar)4PPyH5](2+) while the sapphyrins undergo two stepwise single proton additions to give [(Ar)4SH4](+) and [(Ar)4SH5](2+), respectively.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
authors.forename: Mingzhu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Zhongping
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ou
authors.forename: Yuanyuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Shi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Zhaoli
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: Guifen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Karl M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Kadish
mesh_terms: D055664:Electrochemical Techniques; D015394:Molecular Structure; D011166:Porphyrins / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D011522:Protons; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D011166:Porphyrins; D011522:Protons; D011758:Pyrroles; C440448:sapphyrin