title: Relationship between bronchial anthracofibrosis and endobronchial tuberculosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Various pulmonary diseases may be associated with bronchial anthracofibrosis (BAF). Our aim was to identify a relationship between BAF and endobronchial tuberculosis (EBTB).
  
  
  METHODS
  In total, 156 patients, diagnosed with EBTB using bronchoscopy, between June 1999 and May 2008, were included. Clinical and bronchoscopic findings between patients with BAF (n = 72, BAF group) and without BAF (n = 84, non-BAF) were analyzed retrospectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The crude odds ratio (OR) of BAF for EBTB was 8.88 (95% confidence interval, 6.37 to 12.37). On multivariate analysis, adjusting for age, history of biomass smoke exposure, and comorbidities, the most significant independent factor for EBTB was a history of biomass smoke exposure (adjusted OR, 17.471; adjusted p < 0.001). EBTB was more frequent in the right lung, particularly the right middle lobar bronchus, in the BAF group. Actively caseating, edematous-hyperemic, and ulcerative were the major types, with 77 (49%), 33 (21%), and 31 cases (20%), respectively. The BAF group had more ulcerative type, while the non-BAF group had more actively caseating type. The duration of EBTB treatment was similar between the groups. No significant difference was observed in the development of complications during treatment and posttreatment bronchostenosis between the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that BAF may be a risk factor for EBTB and affect the location and morphological type at the time of EBTB development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Ji
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sang Dong
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Dong Woo
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Soo Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.forename: Ah Lim
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ji Na
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Seung Wook
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Byung Ki
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Yeon Jae
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D055008:Anthracosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001982:Bronchial Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001999:Bronchoscopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000453:epidemiology*
keywords: Anthracofibrosis; Biomass; Endobronchial tuberculosis; Smoke; Subtype