title: A reconciled estimate of glacier contributions to sea level rise: 2003 to 2009.
abstract: Glaciers distinct from the Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheets are losing large amounts of water to the world's oceans. However, estimates of their contribution to sea level rise disagree. We provide a consensus estimate by standardizing existing, and creating new, mass-budget estimates from satellite gravimetry and altimetry and from local glaciological records. In many regions, local measurements are more negative than satellite-based estimates. All regions lost mass during 2003-2009, with the largest losses from Arctic Canada, Alaska, coastal Greenland, the southern Andes, and high-mountain Asia, but there was little loss from glaciers in Antarctica. Over this period, the global mass budget was -259 ± 28 gigatons per year, equivalent to the combined loss from both ice sheets and accounting for 29 ± 13% of the observed sea level rise.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Geography, Clark University, Worcester, MA 01610, USA. agardner@clarku.edu
authors.forename: Alex S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Gardner
authors.forename: Geir
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Moholdt
authors.forename: J Graham
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Cogley
authors.forename: Bert
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wouters
authors.forename: Anthony A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Arendt
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wahr
authors.forename: Etienne
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Berthier
authors.forename: Regine
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hock
authors.forename: W Tad
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Pfeffer
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kaser
authors.forename: Stefan R M
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Ligtenberg
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bolch
authors.forename: Martin J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Sharp
authors.forename: Jon Ove
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Hagen
authors.forename: Michiel R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: van den Broeke
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Paul
mesh_terms: D001110:Arctic Regions; D006116:Greenland; D046448:Ice Cover; D012623:Seawater