title: Wool-waste valorization: production of protein hydrolysate with high antioxidative potential by fermentation with a new keratinolytic bacterium, Bacillus pumilus A1.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Wool, a recalcitrant waste mainly composed of keratin, constituted a serious problem for the environment and was not effectively valorized. This study reported the optimization of wool-waste biodegradation by a new keratinolytic bacterium Bacillus pumilus A1. The in vitro digestibility and the antioxidant potential of wool protein hydrolysate (WPH) were also investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The antioxidant potential of WPH was evaluated using in vitro antioxidant assays, such as 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity, reducing power and metal (Fe(2+)) chelating activity. Cultivation on 50 g l(-1) of wool for 2 days, at 45°C and at initial pH of 10, resulted in maximum production of amino acids and peptides (39.7 g l(-1)). WPH presented a very high in vitro digestibility (97%) as compared with that of the untreated wool (3%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The keratin present into the wool-waste was completely solubilized. Interestingly, WPH presented an important DPPH radical-scavenging activity with an IC50 value of 0.14 ± 0.01 mg ml(-1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  WPH would be a very useful source of protein and antioxidants in animals' diets.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et de Microbiologie, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia. nahedfakh_zouari@yahoo.fr
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fakhfakh
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ktari
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Siala
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nasri
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001407:Bacillus / Q000378:metabolism*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D005285:Fermentation; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis; D007633:Keratins / Q000378:metabolism; D011492:Protein Hydrolysates / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D014935:Wool / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D007220:Industrial Waste; D011492:Protein Hydrolysates; D007633:Keratins
keywords: Bacillus pumilus; antioxidant activity; keratinase; protein hydrolysate; wool