title: Proteomic characterisation of toxins isolated from nematocysts of the South Atlantic jellyfish Olindias sambaquiensis.
abstract: Surprisingly little is known of the toxic arsenal of cnidarian nematocysts compared to other venomous animals. Here we investigate the toxins of nematocysts isolated from the jellyfish Olindias sambaquiensis. A total of 29 unique ms/ms events were annotated as potential toxins homologous to the toxic proteins from diverse animal phyla, including cone-snails, snakes, spiders, scorpions, wasp, bee, parasitic worm and other Cnidaria. Biological activities of these potential toxins include cytolysins, neurotoxins, phospholipases and toxic peptidases. The presence of several toxic enzymes is intriguing, such as sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase B (SMase B) that has only been described in certain spider venoms, and a prepro-haystatin P-IIId snake venom metalloproteinase (SVMP) that activates coagulation factor X, which is very rare even in snake venoms. Our annotation reveals sequence orthologs to many representatives of the most important superfamilies of peptide venoms suggesting that their origins in higher organisms arise from deep eumetazoan innovations. Accordingly, cnidarian venoms may possess unique biological properties that might generate new leads in the discovery of novel pharmacologically active drugs.
authors.affiliation: King's College London Proteomics Facility, Institute of Psychiatry, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Weston
authors.forename: Ray
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Walter C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Dunlap
authors.forename: André C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Morandini
authors.forename: Antonio C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Marques
authors.forename: Ana M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Moura-da-Silva
authors.forename: Malcolm
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Padilla
authors.forename: Luiziana Ferreira
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.forename: Nikos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Andreakis
authors.forename: Paul F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Long
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D003064:Cnidarian Venoms / Q000737:chemistry; D003603:Cytotoxins / Q000737:chemistry; D037402:Hydrozoa / Q000737:chemistry*; D058894:Nematocyst / Q000737:chemistry*; D009498:Neurotoxins / Q000737:chemistry; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*; D012910:Snake Venoms / Q000737:chemistry; D013111:Spider Venoms / Q000737:chemistry; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D003064:Cnidarian Venoms; D003603:Cytotoxins; D009498:Neurotoxins; D012910:Snake Venoms; D013111:Spider Venoms
keywords: Cnidaria; Jellyfish; Nematocyst; Proteomics; Venom