title: Influence of apple and citrus pectins, processed mango peels, a phenolic mango peel extract, and gallic Acid as potential feed supplements on in vitro total gas production and rumen methanogenesis.
abstract: Several food processing byproducts were assessed as potential feed and feed supplements. Since their chemical composition revealed a high nutritional potential for ruminants, the Hohenheim in vitro gas test was used to investigate total gas, methane, and volatile fatty acid production as well as protozoal numbers after ruminal digestion of different substrate levels. Processing byproducts used were low- and high-esterified citrus and apple pectins, integral mango peels, and depectinized mango peels. In addition, the effect of a phenolic mango peel extract and pure gallic acid was investigated. The highest decrease in methane production (19%) was achieved by supplementing high levels of low-esterified citrus pectin to the hay-based diet. Interestingly, total gas production was not affected at the same time. Showing valuable nutritional potential, all byproducts exhibited, e.g., high metabolizable energy (11.9-12.8 MJ/kg DM). In conclusion, all byproducts, particularly low-esterified citrus pectin, revealed promising potential as feed and feed supplements.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Hohenheim University, Garbenstrasse 25, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian Hubert
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Geerkens
authors.forename: Ralf Martin
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Schweiggert
authors.forename: Herbert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Steingass
authors.forename: Jeannette
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Boguhn
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rodehutscord
authors.forename: Reinhold
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Carle
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000191:economics; D000818:Animals; D002957:Citrus / Q000737:chemistry; D004063:Digestion; D004951:Esterification; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D005285:Fermentation; D005525:Food-Processing Industry / Q000191:economics; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D005707:Gallic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis* / Q000191:economics; D027845:Malus / Q000737:chemistry; D031022:Mangifera / Q000737:chemistry; D008697:Methane / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008954:Models, Biological; D009753:Nutritive Value; D010368:Pectins / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000191:economics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012417:Rumen / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000469:parasitology; D012418:Ruminants / Q000378:metabolism / Q000469:parasitology
chemical_list: D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile; D007220:Industrial Waste; D010936:Plant Extracts; D005707:Gallic Acid; D010368:Pectins; D008697:Methane