title: Lifelong learning in nursing: a Delphi study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In order to foster a culture of lifelong learning in nursing, it is important to identify what the concept means in the nursing profession as well as the characteristics of a lifelong learner.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this Delphi study was to conceptualize lifelong learning from the perspective of nursing, and to identify characteristics and essential elements of lifelong learning.
  
  
  METHODS
  A Delphi Study technique in three phases was completed using an online survey tool. Data were analyzed for conceptual description, ratings of characteristics and attributes, and expert consensus in these three phases.
  
  
  METHODS
  An online survey tool was used in this study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Recognized experts in nursing education, administration and public policy participated in this study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lifelong learning in nursing is defined as a dynamic process, which encompasses both personal and professional life. This learning process is also both formal and informal. Lifelong learning involves seeking and appreciating new worlds or ideas in order to gain a new perspective as well as questioning one's environment, knowledge, skills and interactions. The most essential characteristics of a lifelong learner are reflection, questioning, enjoying learning, understanding the dynamic nature of knowledge, and engaging in learning by actively seeking learning opportunities. Keeping the mind active is essential to both lifelong learning and being able to translate knowledge into the capacity to deliver high quality nursing care.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is hoped that a clearer understanding of lifelong learning in nursing will foster more discussion and research about intentional, active inclusion of lifelong learning behaviors in nursing curricula.
authors.affiliation: West Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 60969, Canyon, TX 79015, USA. Electronic address: ldavis@wtamu.edu.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.affiliation: West Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 60969, Canyon, TX 79015, USA. Electronic address: htaylor@wtamu.edu.
authors.forename: Heidi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.affiliation: West Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 60969, Canyon, TX 79015, USA. Electronic address: hreyes@wtamu.edu.
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Reyes
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003210:Concept Formation; D003697:Delphi Technique; D004509:Education, Nursing, Continuing; D005106:Exploratory Behavior; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D007858:Learning; D015279:Organizational Culture; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Curiosity; Curriculum; Knowledge; Lifelong learning; Nursing education; Professionalism; Reflection