title: Intelligence assessments for children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cerebral palsy (CP) is defined as a primary disorder of posture and movement; however, approximately 45% of children with CP also have an intellectual impairment. Prevalence estimates are limited by a lack of guidelines for intelligence testing. This systematic review aims to identify and examine intelligence assessments for children with CP.
  
  
  METHODS
  Electronic databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, CINAHL, EMBASE, and ERIC) were searched to identify assessments that (1) measured intellectual function, (2) in children aged 4 to 18 years, (3) with CP, and (4) with psychometrics available.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Searches yielded 48 assessments, of which nine provided psychometric data for children with CP. The included tests were the Columbia Mental Maturity Scale, the Leiter International Performance Scale, the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, the Pictorial Test of Intelligence, the Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices, the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales, the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, and the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intelligence assessments in children with CP lack reliability data, consensus regarding validity data, and population-specific norms. Research is required to establish psychometrics for children with CP. For children with higher motor involvement and/or communication and/or visual impairments, multiple options are required to assess intelligence appropriately.
authors.affiliation: Cerebral Palsy League, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yin Foo
authors.forename: Max
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guppy
authors.forename: Leanne M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Johnston
mesh_terms: D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000150:complications*; D002648:Child; D016208:Databases, Factual / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D007361:Intelligence Tests; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care; D015203:Reproducibility of Results