title: What makes people healthy, happy, and fulfilled in the face of current world challenges?
abstract: Recent research on the relations of personality to well-being shows that the people who are most healthy, happy and fulfilled are those who are high in all three of the character traits of self-directedness, cooperativeness, and self-transcendence as measured by the Temperament and Character Inventory. In the past, the healthy personality has often been considered to require only high self-directedness and high cooperativeness. However, now the self-centred behaviour of people who are low in self-transcendence is degrading the conditions needed for sustainable life by all human beings. Consequently, human beings need to and can develop their capacity for self-transcendence in order to maintain their individual and collective well-being.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Campus Box 8134, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
authors.forename: C Robert
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Cloninger
keywords: Character; Cooperativeness; Ecological shift; Health promotion; Human evolution; Self-directedness; Self-transcendence; Well-being