title: Impact of imipenem treatment on colonic mycobiota in rats with double-hit sepsis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Broad-spectrum antibiotic administration promotes intestinal colonization of exogenous fungal pathogens in healthy animals and has been recognized as one of the risk factors of invasive fungal infection in clinical settings. It is unclear whether broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment would change the intestinal mycobiota without exogenous fungal challenge in the context of sepsis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We established a rat model of double-hit sepsis using burn injury and endotoxin challenge. Rats with burn injury or double-hit sepsis received imipenem treatment for 3 days or 9 days, and their colon contents were sampled for selective fungal culture and isolation counts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Imipenem treatment promoted the overgrowth of the commensal fungus Geotrichum capitatum in rats with burn injury. Imipenem treatment also promoted colon colonization by exogenous fungi in rats with burn injury and double-hit sepsis, including Trichosporon cutaneum, Candida albicans, Candida krusei, and Candida glabrata. A longer duration of imipenem treatment had a stronger impact on colon colonization by exogenous fungi.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Imipenem treatment facilitates the overgrowth of commensal fungi and colonization by exogenous, potentially pathogenic fungi in the colons of rats with burn injury or double-hit sepsis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Critical Care and Emergency Medicine, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.forename: Shao-Ze
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Zhao-Fen
authors.initials: ZF
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Wen-Fang
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xue-Feng
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: De-Chang
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002056:Burns / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology; D002175:Candida / Q000472:pathogenicity; D003106:Colon / Q000382:microbiology*; D015378:Imipenem / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018805:Sepsis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology*; D014250:Trichosporon / Q000472:pathogenicity
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D015378:Imipenem