title: Spatiotemporal dynamics of DNA repair proteins following laser microbeam induced DNA damage - when is a DSB not a DSB?
abstract: The formation of DNA lesions poses a constant threat to cellular stability. Repair of endogenously and exogenously produced lesions has therefore been extensively studied, although the spatiotemporal dynamics of the repair processes has yet to be fully understood. One of the most recent advances to study the kinetics of DNA repair has been the development of laser microbeams to induce and visualize recruitment and loss of repair proteins to base damage in live mammalian cells. However, a number of studies have produced contradictory results that are likely caused by the different laser systems used reflecting in part the wavelength dependence of the damage induced. Additionally, the repair kinetics of laser microbeam induced DNA lesions have generally lacked consideration of the structural and chemical complexity of the DNA damage sites, which are known to greatly influence their reparability. In this review, we highlight the key considerations when embarking on laser microbeam experiments and interpreting the real time data from laser microbeam irradiations. We compare the repair kinetics from live cell imaging with biochemical and direct quantitative cellular measurements for DNA repair.
authors.affiliation: Gray Institute for Radiation Oncology and Biology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.forename: Stanley W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Botchway
authors.forename: Anthony W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: O'Neill
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D053903:DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded / Q000528:radiation effects*; D004260:DNA Repair; D045643:DNA Repair Enzymes / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D007834:Lasers / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D045643:DNA Repair Enzymes
keywords: BER; DNA damage; DNA repair; GFP; Laser; NHEJ; NIR microbeam; RFP; ROS; USX; YFP; green fluorescent protein; near infra-red multiphoton laser microbeam; reactive oxygen species; red fluorescent protein; ultrasoft X-rays; yellow fluorescent protein