title: A typology of male prisoners making near-lethal suicide attempts.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prisoners are at high risk of suicide.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to develop a typology of prison suicide.
  
  
  METHODS
  We interviewed 60 male prisoners who made near-lethal suicide attempts in prison to obtain quantitative and qualitative data regarding psychiatric, psychological, social, and criminological factors. We analyzed this information to develop a typology to classify suicidal prisoners and validated it by having a prison psychiatrist independently rate each interview transcript.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We developed a typology of five subgroups: attempts that (1) were due to a prisoner being unable to cope in prison, (2) were motivated by psychotic symptoms, (3) had instrumental motives, (4) were "unexpected" by the prisoners themselves, and (5) were associated with withdrawal from drugs. The interrater reliability as measured by Cohen's was good to excellent at 0.81 (p < .001), 95% CI (0.69, 0.93).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With further validation in other samples, this typology may assist suicide prevention initiatives in prisons as well as other forensic institutions by informing the assessment and formulation of suicide risk.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Suicide Research, University Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, UK.
authors.forename: Adrienne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rivlin
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ferris
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Marzano
authors.forename: Seena
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fazel
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hawton
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D006801:Humans; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D011329:Prisoners / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012307:Risk Factors; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology; D013406:Suicide, Attempted / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult