title: Epigallocatechin gallate protects against nitric oxide-induced apoptosis via scavenging ROS and modulating the Bcl-2 family in human dental pulp cells.
abstract: Nitric oxide (NO) is produced by three different isoforms of the enzyme NO synthase (NOS). NOS isoforms are expressed in many cell types, including human dental pulp cells (HDPC). NO acts as an intracellular messenger at physiological levels although it can be cytotoxic at higher concentrations. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a major green tea polyphenol, has diverse pharmacological activities in cell growth and death. This study is aimed to investigate the apoptotic mechanism by NO and effects of EGCG on NO-induced apoptosis in HDPC. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP), an NO donor, decreased the cell viability of HDPC in a dose- and time-dependent manner. EGCG was administered for 1 hr before the SNP treatment, resulting in increased cell viability and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production inhibition. Expression of Bax, a pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family, was upregulated, whereas expression of Bcl-2, an anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family, was downregulated in SNP-treated HDPC. SNP augmented the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into cytosol and enhanced caspase-9, and -3 activities, a marker of the apoptotic executing stage. EGCG ameliorated caspase-9 and -3 activities and cytochrome c release increased by SNP. These results suggest that EGCG has a protective effect against NO-induced apoptosis in HDPC by scavenging ROS and modulating the Bcl-2 family.
authors.affiliation: Dental Science Research Institute and Medical Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Korea.
authors.forename: Sam Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Yeon Jin
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Sun Hun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ji Yeon
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Won Jae
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002392:Catechin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D005810:Multigene Family; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors / Q000494:pharmacology; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000494:pharmacology; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D009599:Nitroprusside; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D002392:Catechin; C045651:epigallocatechin gallate