title: Ligation-assisted endoscopic enucleation for the diagnosis and resection of small gastrointestinal tumors originating from the muscularis propria: a preliminary study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ligation-assisted endoscopic enucleation (EE-L) was developed for the pathological diagnosis and resection of small gastrointestinal tumors originating from the muscularis propria. The technique combines endoscopic band ligation and endoscopic enucleation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of EE-L in the diagnosis and resection of gastrointestinal tumors originating from the muscularis propria.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 43 patients were eligible for inclusion in this study from June 2009 to June 2011. Endoscopic ligation was first performed to force the tumor to assume a polypoid form with a pseudostalk. EE-L was then performed until the tumor was completely enucleated from the muscularis propria. Wound closure was performed using clips and adhesive tissue.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All 43 tumors were completely enucleated. The mean enucleation time was 7.2 minutes (range, 5-11 minutes). No perforation, massive hemorrhage, or peritonitis requiring further endoscopic or surgical intervention occurred. Histopathology, 19 lesions were identified as gastrointestinal stromal tumors and 24 lesions were identified as leiomyomas. The mean follow-up time was 20.4 months (range, 14-38 months). No recurrence has occurred during the follow-up period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EE-L appears to be a safe, effective, and relatively simple method for the histologic diagnosis and removal of small gastrointestinal tumors originating from the muscularis propria.
authors.affiliation: Endoscopic Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110004, China.
authors.forename: Jintao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Zhijun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Siyu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Sheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Guoxin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xianghong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D019160:Endosonography; D005260:Female; D005770:Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D046152:Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007889:Leiomyoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D008026:Ligation / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D061646:Operative Time; D019106:Postoperative Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology