title: Choroidal naevi complicated by choroidal neovascular membrane and outer retinal tubulation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present the outcomes of a series of patients with choroidal neovascular membrane (CNV) secondary to a choroidal naevus and report the presence of outer retinal tubulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this retrospective series, patients underwent a complete clinical and imaging assessment (fundus photo, fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography) and were observed or managed with intravitreal anti-VEGF injections dependent on whether visual acuity was affected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventeen patients were included in this study. Of this, 46% (8/17) had classic or predominantly classic CNV and 53% (9/17) had occult or minimally classic CNV. Active treatment with intravitreal anti-VEGF injections was required in 35% (6/17). Visual acuity improved in three eyes by 2-4 Snellen lines, remained stable in one eye and worsened in two eyes by 2 Snellen lines. CNV partially regressed in five cases. In the observation group (65%, 11/17), visual acuity did not change during follow-up period. Outer retinal tubulation was found in 18% (3/17).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anti-VEGF treatment is effective in the management of vision threatening CNV secondary to a choroidal naevus. Functional or anatomical improvement was obtained in 66% of treated eyes. Outer retinal tubulation, noted in 18%, showed the clinical importance of this sign in determining continuation of anti-VEGF treatment.
authors.affiliation: Ocular Oncology Service, St Bartholomew`s Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: Vasilios P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Papastefanou
authors.forename: Vanda
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Nogueira
authors.forename: Gordon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hay
authors.forename: Richard M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Andrews
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Victoria M L
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Mandeep S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Sagoo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D002830:Choroid Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D020256:Choroidal Neovascularization / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D006801:Humans; D058449:Intravitreal Injections; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009508:Nevus, Pigmented / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D000069579:Ranibizumab; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D000069579:Ranibizumab
keywords: Choroid; Neoplasia; Neovascularisation