title: HLA genetic profile of Mapuche (Araucanian) Amerindians from Chile.
abstract: Amerindian Mapuche (Araucanians) are now living in Chile and Argentina at both sides of Andean Mountains. They are anthropologically and genetically different from southernmost South America Patagonian Amerindians. Most of the HLA alleles found in our Mapuche sample are frequent or very frequent in North and South America Amerindians: (1) Class I: A*02:01, A*03:01, A*68:01, B*39:09, B*51:01, (2) Class II: DRB1*03:01, DRB1*04:03, DRB1*07:01, DRB1*08:02, DRB1*14:02, DRB1*16:02. One of the nine most frequent extended haplotypes seems to be from European origin, suggesting the existence of a degree of admixture with Europeans in our Mapuche sample. It has been calculated of about 11 % admixture. Three of the extended haplotypes are also found in other Amerindians and five of them are newly found in Mapuche Amerindians: A*68:01-B*39:09-DRB1*08:02-DQB1*04:02; A*68:01-B*51:01-DRB1*04:03-DQB1*03:02; A*29:01-B*08:01-DRB1*03:01-DQB1*02:01; A*02:01-B*15:01-DRB1*04:03-DQB1*03:02; A*33:01-B*14:02-DRB1*07:01-DQB1*03:03. The medical importance of calculating HLA profile is discussed on the diagnostic (HLA and disease) and therapeutical bases of HLA pharmacogenomics and on the construction of a virtual transplantation HLA list profile. Also, anthropological conclusions are drawn.
authors.affiliation: Departament of Immunology, School of Medicine, The Madrid Regional Blood Center, University Complutense, Pabellón 5, planta 4. Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rey
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Parga-Lozano
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moscoso
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Areces
authors.forename: Mercedes
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Enriquez-de-Salamanca
authors.forename: Mercedes
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fernández-Honrado
authors.forename: Sedeka
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abd-El-Fatah-Khalil
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alonso-Rubio
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arnaiz-Villena
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D001118:Argentina; D002677:Chile; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005787:Gene Frequency; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006680:HLA Antigens / Q000235:genetics*; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D007199:Indians, South American / Q000235:genetics*; D010802:Phylogeny; D058974:Phylogeography
chemical_list: D006680:HLA Antigens