title: Squamous cell carcinomas confined to the bronchial wall: the effect of growth patterns.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Squamous cell carcinomas confined to the bronchial wall (SCC-CBW) exhibit two distinct patterns of growth: superficially spreading and endobronchial mass lesions. We examined whether differences exist in the histopathological features and prognosis of SCC-CBW exhibiting different growth patterns.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, 37 cases with SCC-CBW were included. Tumors were classified into two groups: superficially spreading squamous cell carcinoma (s-SCC) and nodular squamous cell carcinoma (n-SCC). For each case, the growth pattern, T and N status, lymphovascular and perineural invasions, immunohistochemical expressions of p53 and Ki-67, and survival rates were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty cases were classified as s-SCC, and 17 cases were classified as n-SCC. There was a significant relationship and correlation between the length of s-SCC in the longitudinal axis and the depth of invasion (p = 0.01, R = 0.557). There was a statistically significant positive relationship between the depth of invasion and the nodal status (N1 involvement) (p < 0.0001, R = 0.71).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SCC-CBW exhibits variable growth patterns. However, despite this variability, there are no biological or histological differences between tumors of different growth patterns, and this variability has very little, if any, effect on survival.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Yedikule Teaching Hospital for Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Halide Nur
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Urer
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Yedikule Teaching Hospital for Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Celalettin İbrahim
authors.initials: Cİ
authors.lastname: Kocaturk
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Yedikule Teaching Hospital for Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet Zeki
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Gunluoglu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Yedikule Teaching Hospital for Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Naciye
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Arda
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Yedikule Teaching Hospital for Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Adalet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Demir
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonology, Yedikule Teaching Hospital for Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mediha Gonenc
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Ortakoylu
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Yedikule Teaching Hospital for Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bedirhan
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Yedikule Teaching Hospital for Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Seyit İbrahim
authors.initials: Sİ
authors.lastname: Dincer
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D001980:Bronchi / Q000473:pathology*; D001999:Bronchoscopy; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000401:mortality; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D008481:Mediastinoscopy; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53