title: Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 plays an important role in vascular inflammation in current smokers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Smoking induces vascular inflammation and increases the risk of cardiovascular events. Lectinlike oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) is a scavenger receptor that is induced by oxidative stress and is associated with atherosclerotic plaque formation and destabilization. LOX-1 interacts with C-reactive protein (CRP) and plays an important role in inflammatory diseases. We therefore hypothesized that LOX-1 may be involved in the onset of smoking-induced vascular inflammation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured the soluble LOX-1 (sLOX-1) levels in sera obtained from 207 current smokers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The serum sLOX-1 levels positively correlated with various smoking variables, such as the number of cigarettes smoked per day (r= 0.150, p<0.05), the expired air carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations (r= 0.198, p<0.005) and the Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence scores (r= 0.190, p<0.01). The serum levels of sLOX-1 also correlated with those of a representative inflammatory marker, the serum high-sensitivity CRP level (hsCRP; r= 0.232, p<0.005). A multivariate regression analysis revealed the independent determinants of the serum sLOX-1 level to be the expired air CO concentration (β= 0.182, p<0.05) and the hsCRP level (β= 0.213, p<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The serum sLOX-1 level was found to increase in close association with both the smoking-related variables and the inflammatory marker hsCRP. These findings suggest that LOX-1 may therefore play an important role in the onset of smoking-induced inflammation and atherosclerosis in humans.
authors.affiliation: Division of Translational Research, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto 612-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Rieko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Takanabe-Mori
authors.forename: Koh
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.forename: Hiromichi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: Tomohide
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takaya
authors.forename: Shuichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ura
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamakage
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Satoh-Asahara
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shimatsu
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Masatoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: Yoshiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sawamura
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D012307:Risk Factors; D051127:Scavenger Receptors, Class E / Q000097:blood*; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood*; D012995:Solubility; D014657:Vasculitis / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; C495137:OLR1 protein, human; D051127:Scavenger Receptors, Class E; D002097:C-Reactive Protein