title: Protective status of end-stage renal disease children against tetanus and diphtheria vaccination.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vaccination against fatal viral and bacterial diseases is still the best protective way to lower morbidity and mortality rate in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. It has been reported that there is high incidence of low protective levels of IgG after vaccination in ESRD adult patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective status of vaccination against diphtheria and tetanus in ESRD children after completing routine vaccination.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional study was carried on 83 participants less than 18 years including 27 patients on hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis and 56 normal populations from February 2008 until December 2008 at St. Alzahra hospital, Isfahan, Iran. To determine anti-tetanus and anti-diphtheria antibodies level, Tetanus IgG ELISA kit (IBL International, Germany, RE56901) and Diphtheria IgG ELISA kit (IBL International, Germany, RE56191) were used. The participants must not received immunoglobulin, blood products or immunosuppressive medication in the current 6 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of case and control group were 12.5 ± 2.7 years and 11.7 ± 3.3 years, respectively, P > 0.05. According to IgG levels, 93% of hemodialysis patients and approximately 87% of peritoneal dialysis children needed booster doses of diphtheria vaccination. The results for IgG titer against tetanus revealed that in 91% of hemodialysis patients and 83% of peritoneal dialysis children booster doses of tetanus were recommended.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Booster doses of vaccines may be required in ESRD children. Measuring serum IgG levels against vaccines to define protective levels are recommended.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammadreza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Modarresi
authors.forename: Alaleh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gheissari
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sattari
keywords: Children; diphtheria; end-stage renal disease; prevention; tetanus; vaccination