title: The effect of an acidic cleanser versus soap on the skin pH and micro-flora of adult patients: a non-randomised two group crossover study in an intensive care unit.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the effects of two different cleansing regimens on skin surface pH and micro-flora, in adult patients in the intensive care unit (ICU).
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-three patients were recruited from a 23-bed tertiary medical/surgical ICU. The nineteen patients in Group One were washed using soap for daily hygiene care over a four week period. In Group 2, 24 patients were washing daily using an acidic liquid cleanser (pH 5.5) over a second four week period. Skin pH measurements and bacterial swabs were sampled daily from each for a maximum of ten days or until discharged from the ICU.
  
  
  METHODS
  Skin surface pH and quantitative skin cultures (colony forming units).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Skin pH measurements were lower in patients washed with pH 5.5 cleanser than those washed with soap. This was statistically significant for both the forearm (p = 0.0068) and leg (p = 0.0015). The bacterial count was not statistically significantly different between the two groups. Both groups demonstrated that bacterial counts were significantly affected by the length of stay in ICU (p = 0.0032).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated that the product used in routine skin care significantly affects the skin pH of ICU patients, but not the bacterial colonisation. Bacterial colonisation of the skin increases with length of stay.
authors.affiliation: ICU Research Nurse, Intensive Care Unit, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia. Christine.Duncan@health.wa.gov.au
authors.forename: Christine N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Duncan
authors.forename: Thomas V
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Riley
authors.forename: Kerry C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Carson
authors.forename: Charley A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Budgeon
authors.forename: Joanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Siffleet
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D058491:Bacterial Load; D015400:Clinical Nursing Research; D064648:Critical Care Nursing; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012867:Skin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology*; D017592:Skin Care / Q000379:methods*; D012915:Soaps; D013501:Surface-Active Agents
chemical_list: D012915:Soaps; D013501:Surface-Active Agents
keywords: Bacterial colonisation; Hygiene; ICU; Intensive care; Skin integrity; Skin pH; Soap