title: Direct detection of chlorpropham on potato skin using desorption electrospray ionization.
abstract: Most pesticides, herbicides and other plant treatment agents are applied to the crop surface. Direct mass spectrometric methods, such as desorption electrospray ionization (DESI), offer new ways to analyze plant samples directly and rapidly. A strategy for the development and optimization of a DESI method for the direct determination of chemicals on complex surfaces is described. Chlorpropham (CP) was applied to potato surfaces as an example for a crop protection agent and analyzed using a self-made DESI source. Aspects such as instrument selectivity, sensitivity and reproducibility were investigated. The MS(4) fragmentation pattern of CP was analyzed to achieve the necessary detection selectivity, and is discussed in detail. Similar fragmentation was found in the ESI and DESI mass spectra, indicating that the mechanisms of ESI and DESI are closely related. A DESI method for semi-quantification of CP on potatoes was developed. Detection limits of 6.5 µg/kg were found using MS/MS. The reproducibility, in the range of 12% (signal variation), appears to be sufficient for semi-quantitative measurements.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093, Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Berchtold
authors.forename: Vivian
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: Lukas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Meier
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schmid
authors.forename: Renato
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zenobi
mesh_terms: D002138:Calibration; D002748:Chlorpropham / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000379:methods; D057230:Limit of Detection; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011198:Solanum tuberosum / Q000737:chemistry*; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D002748:Chlorpropham