title: Cannabis use during a voluntary quit attempt: an analysis from ecological momentary assessment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is little research that has sought to identify factors related to quit success and failure among cannabis users. The current study examined affective, cognitive, and situational factors related to cannabis use among current cannabis users undergoing a voluntary, self-guided quit attempt.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample consisted of 30 (33% female) current cannabis users, 84% of whom evinced a current cannabis use disorder. Ecological momentary assessment was used to collect multiple daily ratings of cannabis withdrawal, negative affect, peer cannabis use, reasons for use, and successful coping strategies over two weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Findings from generalized linear models indicated that cannabis withdrawal and positive and negative affect were significantly higher during cannabis use than non-use episodes. Additionally, when negative and positive affect were entered simultaneously, negative affect, but not positive affect, remained significantly related to use. Participants were significantly more likely to use in social situations than when alone. When participants were in social situations, they were significantly more likely to use if others were using. Participants tended to use more behavioral than cognitive strategies to abstain from cannabis. The most common reason for use was to cope with negative affect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, these novel findings indicate that cannabis withdrawal, affect (especially negative affect), and peer use play important roles in cannabis use among self-quitters.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, 236 Audubon Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA. Electronic address: jbuckner@lsu.edu.
authors.forename: Julia D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Buckner
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Zvolensky
authors.forename: Anthony H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Ecker
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D002189:Marijuana Abuse / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D012931:Social Environment; D013695:Temperance / Q000523:psychology / Q000639:trends*; D035141:Voluntary Programs / Q000639:trends*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Cannabis; Ecological momentary assessment; Marijuana; Negative affect; Peer influence; Withdrawal