title: Healthy volunteers can be phenotyped using cutaneous sensitization pain models.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Human experimental pain models leading to development of secondary hyperalgesia are used to estimate efficacy of analgesics and antihyperalgesics. The ability to develop an area of secondary hyperalgesia varies substantially between subjects, but little is known about the agreement following repeated measurements. The aim of this study was to determine if the areas of secondary hyperalgesia were consistently robust to be useful for phenotyping subjects, based on their pattern of sensitization by the heat pain models.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed post-hoc analyses of 10 completed healthy volunteer studies (n = 342 [409 repeated measurements]). Three different models were used to induce secondary hyperalgesia to monofilament stimulation: the heat/capsaicin sensitization (H/C), the brief thermal sensitization (BTS), and the burn injury (BI) models. Three studies included both the H/C and BTS models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Within-subject compared to between-subject variability was low, and there was substantial strength of agreement between repeated induction-sessions in most studies. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) improved little with repeated testing beyond two sessions. There was good agreement in categorizing subjects into 'small area' (1(st) quartile [<25%]) and 'large area' (4(th) quartile [>75%]) responders: 56-76% of subjects consistently fell into same 'small-area' or 'large-area' category on two consecutive study days. There was moderate to substantial agreement between the areas of secondary hyperalgesia induced on the same day using the H/C (forearm) and BTS (thigh) models.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Secondary hyperalgesia induced by experimental heat pain models seem a consistent measure of sensitization in pharmacodynamic and physiological research. The analysis indicates that healthy volunteers can be phenotyped based on their pattern of sensitization by the heat [and heat plus capsaicin] pain models.
authors.affiliation: Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Neuroscience Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark. mads.u.werner@gmail.com
authors.forename: Mads U
authors.initials: MU
authors.lastname: Werner
authors.forename: Karin L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Petersen
authors.forename: Michael C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Rowbotham
authors.forename: Jørgen B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Dahl
mesh_terms: D000982:Antipruritics / Q000009:adverse effects; D002056:Burns / Q000150:complications; D002211:Capsaicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D064368:Healthy Volunteers / Q000145:classification; D006358:Hot Temperature / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D006930:Hyperalgesia / Q000145:classification / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008954:Models, Biological; D010146:Pain / Q000145:classification / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D000982:Antipruritics; D002211:Capsaicin