title: Pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel is effective in a murine model of experimental Cryptosporidium parvum ultrastructural studies of the ileum.
abstract: The current treatments for cryptosporidiosis are ineffective, and there is an urgent need to search for more effective and safer alternatives. One such alternative may be treatments derived from natural resources. The pomegranate peel has been used effectively in traditional medicine to cure diarrhea and dysentery. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a Punica granatum (pomegranate) peel suspension as a treatment for Cryptosporidium parvum infection. In this study, the effects of this treatment on the ultrastructure of both the intestinal epithelial layer of infected nursling mice and the parasite were observed with a transmission electron microscope. The histological study focused on the examination of the microvilli, columnar epithelium, goblet cells, lamina propria, and crypts of Lieberkuhn. Examination of the ileums of infected mice that received the pomegranate peel suspension demonstrated that the general structure of the ileal tissue of these mice was similar to that of the control group. In the infected mice treated with the suspension, but not the infected/untreated mice, there was an improvement in all ultrastructure aspects at 28days post-inoculation. The study of the ultrastructure of the parasite (C. parvum) in mice treated with the suspension showed that there was decomposition in the parasite to the extent that in some cases we were unable to identify the stage of the parasite due to the severe degeneration. Significant decomposition of the nutrition organ was also observed. Additionally, microgamonte and macrogamonte were not observed in the suspension-treated group, explaining the disappearance of the sexual phases of the parasite in the lumens of this group. In all, this examination demonstrated the restoration of the normal structures of villi and the disappearance of acute symptoms in the suspension-treated mice and showed that the suspension directly affected the parasite at various stages of its development and led to its decomposition and death.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Dammam, Dammam 31311, Saudi Arabia. mathalem@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Ebtisam M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Al-Mathal
authors.forename: Afaf A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Alsalem
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D003457:Cryptosporidiosis / Q000473:pathology*; D016785:Cryptosporidium parvum / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D007082:Ileum / Q000469:parasitology / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D029561:Lythraceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D008871:Microvilli / Q000469:parasitology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011247:Pregnancy; D013535:Suspensions
chemical_list: D013535:Suspensions
keywords: Cryptosporidium parvum; IBD; Oocyst shedding; Punica granatum; TEM; Ultrastructure of C. parvum; Ultrastructure of villi; inflammatory bowel disease; pi; post-inoculation; transmission electron microscope