title: Microwave-assisted rapid conversion of carbohydrates into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural by ScCl3 in ionic liquids.
abstract: In this study, synthesis of HMF from carbohydrates was carried out in ionic liquids 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Bmim]Cl) catalyzed by ScCl3 under microwave irradiation. Under the optimal reaction conditions, HMF was obtained in a high yield of 73.4% in 2 mins with the microwave power at 400 W. Compared with the conventional oil-bath heating manner, the use of microwave irradiation not only reduced reaction times from hours to minutes, but also improved HMF yield. This catalytic system could be reused several times without losing its catalytic activity. This efficient catalytic system will generate a promising application strategy for biomass transformation.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Sciences of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Material Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China.
authors.forename: Xuanmu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Zehui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Kejian
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Deng
mesh_terms: D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000737:chemistry*; D002384:Catalysis; D002712:Chlorides / Q000737:chemistry; D005662:Furaldehyde / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000737:chemistry*; D052578:Ionic Liquids / Q000737:chemistry*; D008872:Microwaves; D015394:Molecular Structure; D012538:Scandium / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D002241:Carbohydrates; D002712:Chlorides; D007093:Imidazoles; D052578:Ionic Liquids; C502841:1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride; C543902:scandium chloride; C008046:5-hydroxymethylfurfural; D005662:Furaldehyde; D012538:Scandium