title: Perspectives for Forensic Intelligence in anti-doping: thinking outside of the box.
abstract: Today's approach to anti-doping is mostly centered on the judicial process, despite pursuing a further goal in the detection, reduction, solving and/or prevention of doping. Similarly to decision-making in the area of law enforcement feeding on Forensic Intelligence, anti-doping might significantly benefit from a more extensive gathering of knowledge. Forensic Intelligence might bring a broader logical dimension to the interpretation of data on doping activities for a more future-oriented and comprehensive approach instead of the traditional case-based and reactive process. Information coming from a variety of sources related to doping, whether directly or potentially, would feed an organized memory to provide real time intelligence on the size, seriousness and evolution of the phenomenon. Due to the complexity of doping, integrating analytical chemical results and longitudinal monitoring of biomarkers with physiological, epidemiological, sociological or circumstantial information might provide a logical framework enabling fit for purpose decision-making. Therefore, Anti-Doping Intelligence might prove efficient at providing a more proactive response to any potential or emerging doping phenomenon or to address existing problems with innovative actions or/and policies. This approach might prove useful to detect, neutralize, disrupt and/or prevent organized doping or the trafficking of doping agents, as well as helping to refine the targeting of athletes or teams. In addition, such an intelligence-led methodology would serve to address doping offenses in the absence of adverse analytical chemical evidence.
authors.affiliation: Swiss Laboratory for Doping Analyses, University Center of Legal Medecine, Geneva and Lausanne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Ch. des Croisettes 22, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland. francois.marclay@chuv.ch
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Marclay
authors.forename: Patrice
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mangin
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Margot
authors.forename: Martial
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saugy
mesh_terms: D004300:Doping in Sports / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D064423:Drug Trafficking / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D044707:Forensic Sciences / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans