title: Impact of hospital market competition on endovascular aneurysm repair adoption and outcomes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The share of total abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repairs performed by endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) increased rapidly from 32% in 2001 to 65% in 2006 with considerable variation between states. We hypothesized that hospitals in competitive markets were early EVAR adopters and had improved AAA repair outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nationwide Inpatient Sample and linked Hospital Market Structure (HMS) data was queried for patients who underwent repair for nonruptured AAA in 2003. In HMS, the Herfindahl Hirschman Index (HHI, range 0-1) is a validated and widely accepted economic measure of competition. Hospital markets were defined using a variable geographic radius that encompassed 90% of discharged patients. We conducted bivariate and multivariable linear and logistic regression analyses for the dependent variable of EVAR use. A propensity score-adjusted multivariable logistic regression model was used to control for treatment bias in the assessment of competition on AAA repair outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A weighted total of 21,600 patients was included in our analyses. Patients at more competitive hospitals (lower HHI) were at increased odds of undergoing EVAR vs open repair (odds ratio, 1.127 per 0.1 decrease in HHI; P < .0127) after adjusting for patient demographics, comorbidities, and hospital level factors (bed size, teaching status, AAA repair volume, and ownership). Competition was not associated with differences in in-hospital mortality or vascular, neurologic, or other minor postoperative complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Greater hospital competition is significantly associated with increased EVAR adoption at a time when diffusion of this technology passed its tipping point. Hospital competition does not influence post-AAA repair outcomes. These results suggest that adoption of novel vascular technology is not solely driven by clinical indications but may also be influenced by market forces.
authors.affiliation: Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Rosh K V
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Sethi
authors.forename: Antonia J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Henry
authors.forename: Nathanael D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Hevelone
authors.forename: Stuart R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Lipsitz
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Belkin
authors.forename: Louis L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Nguyen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017544:Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal / Q000191:economics / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D004059:Diffusion of Innovation; D004465:Economic Competition; D057510:Endovascular Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics* / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D017721:Hospital Costs; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care / Q000191:economics*; D057216:Propensity Score; D019984:Quality Indicators, Health Care; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States