title: Bee and wasp stings: reactions and anaphylaxis.
abstract: This article provides a brief introduction to the history of anaphylaxis and the order Hymenoptera, which is responsible for most reported sting-induced allergic reactions. The anatomic similarities and differences as well as inhabited similarities and differences between bees and wasps are discussed. The various types of allergic reactions and their manifestations are described. Treatment regimens ranging from home therapies and over-the-counter medications to prescription medications and emergency treatments are introduced. Education, avoidance, and venom-specific immunotherapy are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Vanderbilt University School of Nursing, Nashville, TN 37240, USA. benjamin.a.smallheer@vanderbilt.edu
authors.forename: Benjamin A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Smallheer
mesh_terms: D000707:Anaphylaxis; D000818:Animals; D001516:Bees / Q000276:immunology; D003329:Coronary Vasospasm / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007299:Insect Bites and Stings / Q000276:immunology*; D007668:Kidney / Q000276:immunology; D008168:Lung / Q000276:immunology; D014863:Wasps / Q000276:immunology