title: State of the art for the biosorption process--a review.
abstract: In recent years, biosorption process has become an economic and eco-friendly alternative treatment technology in the water and wastewater industry. In this light, a number of biosorbents were developed and are successfully employed for treating various pollutants including metals, dyes, phenols, fluoride, and pharmaceuticals in solutions (aqueous/oil). However, still there are few technical barriers in the biosorption process that impede its commercialization and thus to overcome these problems there has been a steadily growing interest in this research field. This resulted in large numbers of publications and patents each year. This review reports the state of the art in biosorption research. In this review, we provide a compendium of know-how in laboratory methodology, mathematical modeling of equilibrium and kinetics, identification of the biosorption mechanism. Various mathematical models of biosorption were discussed: the process in packed-bed column arrangement, as well as by suspended biomass. Particular attention was paid to patents in biosorption and pilot-scale systems. In addition, we provided future aspects in biosorption research.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Technology and Mineral Fertilizers, Wrocław University of Technology, Smoluchowskiego 25, 50-372 Wrocław, Poland. izabela.michalak@pwr.wroc.pl
authors.forename: Izabela
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Michalak
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chojnacka
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Witek-Krowiak
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D001688:Biological Products / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D001688:Biological Products; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical