title: Does a history of physical exposures at work affect hand-grip strength in midlife? A retrospective cohort study in Denmark.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this cohort study was to examine associations between physical exposures throughout working life and hand-grip strength (HGS) in midlife.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Copenhagen Aging and Midlife Biobank (CAMB) provided data about employment and HGS for 3843 Danes. Individual job histories, including duration of employment in specific jobs, were assigned exposures from a job exposure matrix. Exposures were standardized to ton-years (lifting 1000 kg each day in one year), stand-years (standing/walking for six hours each day in one year) and kneel-years (kneeling for one hour each day in one year). The effects of exposure-years on HGS were analyzed as linear effects and cubic splines in multivariate regression models, adjusted for potential confounders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age was 59 years among both genders and HGS was 49.19 kg [standard deviation (SD) 8.42] and 30.61 kg (SD 5.49) among men and women, respectively. Among men, exposure to kneel-years was associated with higher HGS [>0.030 kg (P=0.007) per exposure-year]. Ton- and stand-years were not associated with HGS among either men or women in linear analyses. In spline regression analyses, associations between ton- and stand-years and HGS were non-linear and primarily positive among men. Among women, the associations were non-linear and, according to ton-years, primarily negatively associated with HGS but statistically insignificant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A history of physical exposures at work explained only a minor part of the variation in HGS, though exposure to kneeling throughout working life was associated with a slightly higher HGS among men. Exposure to lifting and standing/walking was not associated with HGS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Medicine, Køge Sygehus, Lykkebæaekvej 1, DK-4600 Køge, Denmark. annemoller1972@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Møller
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Reventlow
authors.forename: Åse Marie
authors.initials: ÅM
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: Lars L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.forename: Volkert
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Siersma
authors.forename: Rikke
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lund
authors.forename: Kirsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Avlund
authors.forename: Johan Hviid
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.forename: Ole S
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Mortensen
mesh_terms: D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003718:Denmark; D005260:Female; D006225:Hand / Q000502:physiology*; D018737:Hand Strength; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016273:Occupational Exposure