title: Most commonly used sequences and clinical protocols for brain and spine magnetic resonance imaging allowing better identification of pathological changes in dogs.
abstract: Magnetic resonance imaging is the best imaging modality for the brain and spine. Quality of the received images depends on many technical factors. The most significant factors are: positioning the patient, proper coil selection, selection of appropriate sequences and image planes. The present contrast between different tissues provides an opportunity to diagnose various lesions. In many clinics magnetic resonance imaging has replaced myelography because of its noninvasive modality and because it provides excellent anatomic detail. There are many different combinations of sequences possible for spinal and brain MR imaging. Most frequently used are: T2-weighted fast spin echo (FSE), T1- and T2-weighted turbo spin echo, Fluid Attenuation Inversion Recovery (FLAIR), T1-weighted gradient echo (GE) and spin echo (SE), high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) sequences, fat-suppressing short tau inversion recovery (STIR) and half-Fourier acquisition single-shot turbo spin echo (HASTE). Magnetic resonance imaging reveals neurologic lesions which were previously hard to diagnose antemortem.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, ul. Oczapowskiego 14, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland. eugeniusz.zolnierowicz@uwm.edu.pl
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhalniarovich
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Adamiak
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pomianowski
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jaskólska
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004285:Dogs; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D013122:Spinal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary*