title: Study on the leaching of phthalates from polyethylene terephthalate bottles into mineral water.
abstract: Carbonated and non-carbonated mineral water samples bottled in 0.5-L, 1.5-L and 2.0-L polyethylene terephthalate (PET) containers belonging to three different water brands commercialized in Hungary were studied in order to determine their phthalate content by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Among the six investigated phthalates, diisobutyl phthalate, di-n-butyl-phthalate, benzyl-butyl phthalate and di(2-ethyl-hexyl) phthalate (DEHP) were determined in non-carbonated samples as follows: <3.0 ng L(-1)-0.2 μg L(-1), <6.6 ng L(-1)-0.8 μg L(-1), <6.0 ng L(-1)-0.1 μg L(-1) and <16.0 ng L(-1)-1.7 μg L(-1), respectively. Any of the above-mentioned phthalate esters could be detected in carbonated mineral water samples. DEHP was the most abundant phthalate in the investigated samples. It could be detected after 44 days of storage at 22 °C and its leaching was the most pronounced when samples were stored over 1200 days. Mineral water purchased in PET bottles of 0.5L had the highest phthalate concentrations compared to those obtained for waters of the identical brand bottled in 1.5-L or 2.0-L PET containers due to the higher surface/volume ratio. No clear trend could be established for phthalate leaching when water samples were kept at higher temperatures (max. 60 °C) showing improper storage conditions. Phthalate determination by pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometric measurements in the plastic material as well as in the aqueous phase proved the importance of the quality of PET raw material used for the production of the pre-form (virgin vs. polymer containing recycled PET).
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, Hungary.
authors.forename: Szilvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Keresztes
authors.forename: Enikő
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tatár
authors.forename: Zsuzsanna
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Czégény
authors.forename: Gyula
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Záray
authors.forename: Victor G
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Mihucz
mesh_terms: D061545:Carbonated Water / Q000032:analysis*; D003993:Dibutyl Phthalate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D004051:Diethylhexyl Phthalate; D060766:Drinking Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006814:Hungary; D008900:Mineral Waters / Q000032:analysis*; D010795:Phthalic Acids / Q000032:analysis*; D011093:Polyethylene Terephthalates / Q000737:chemistry*; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D061545:Carbonated Water; D060766:Drinking Water; D008900:Mineral Waters; D010795:Phthalic Acids; D011093:Polyethylene Terephthalates; D003993:Dibutyl Phthalate; D004051:Diethylhexyl Phthalate; C025605:diisobutyl phthalate; C027561:butylbenzyl phthalate