title: An automated walk-over weighing system as a tool for measuring liveweight change in lactating dairy cows.
abstract: Automated walk-over weighing systems can be used to monitor liveweights of cattle. Minimal literature exists to describe agreement between automated and static scales, and no known studies describe repeatability when used for daily measurements of dairy cows. This study establishes the repeatability of an automated walk-over cattle-weighing system, and agreement with static electronic scales, when used in a commercial dairy herd to weigh lactating cows. Forty-six lactating dairy cows from a seasonal calving, pasture-based dairy herd in southwest Victoria, Australia, were weighed once using a set of static scales and repeatedly using an automated walk-over weighing system at the exit of a rotary dairy. Substantial agreement was observed between the automated and static scales when assessed using Lin's concordance correlation coefficient. Weights measured by the automated walkover scales were within 5% of those measured by the static scales in 96% of weighings. Bland and Altman's 95% limits of agreement were -23.3 to 43.6 kg, a range of 66.9 kg. The 95% repeatability coefficient for automated weighings was 46.3 kg. Removal of a single outlier from the data set increased Lin's concordance coefficient, narrowed Bland and Altman's 95% limits of agreement to a range of 32.5 kg, and reduced the 95% repeatability coefficient to 18.7 kg. Cow misbehavior during walk-over weighing accounted for many of the larger weight discrepancies. The automated walk-over weighing system showed substantial agreement with the static scales when assessed using Lin's concordance correlation coefficient. This contrasted with limited agreement when assessed using Bland and Altman's method, largely due to poor repeatability. This suggests the automated weighing system is inadequate for detecting small liveweight differences in individual cows based on comparisons of single weights. Misbehaviors and other factors can result in the recording of spurious values on walk-over scales. Excluding outlier weights and comparing means of 7 consecutive daily weights may improve agreement sufficiently to allow meaningful assessment of small short-term changes in automated weights in individuals and groups of cows.
authors.affiliation: University of Melbourne, 250 Princes Hwy., Werribee 3030, Australia.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Dickinson
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Morton
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Beggs
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Pyman
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Mansell
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Blackwood
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001315:Australia; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology*; D002417:Cattle / Q000502:physiology*; D003612:Dairying / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005260:Female; D007774:Lactation / Q000502:physiology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014894:Weights and Measures / Q000295:instrumentation