title: Dietary arsenic intake and subsequent risk of cancer: the Japan Public Health Center-based (JPHC) Prospective Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Arsenic is a known human carcinogen and has been linked to adverse health outcomes, including cancer. However, the effects of arsenic exposure from food on health are still unknown. We researched to examine the association between arsenic exposure from food and incidence of cancer in a Japanese population.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a population-based prospective study in 90,378 Japanese men and women aged 45-74 years. Participants responded to a validated questionnaire that included 138 food items. We estimated dietary arsenic intake from 12 food groups (75 items) based on the questionnaire data. During 11 years of follow-up, 7,002 cancer cases were identified. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for cancer were calculated by Cox proportional hazards modeling.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total arsenic and inorganic arsenic showed no association with the risk of total cancer in both men and women. Total arsenic and inorganic arsenic intake tended to be associated with an increased risk of lung cancer in men. In particular, these positive associations were strengthened in currently smoking men, with HRs (95% CI) in the highest categories of arsenic and inorganic arsenic intake compared with the lowest of 1.29 (95% CI = 1.03-1.61) and 1.36 (95% CI = 1.09-1.70), respectively. We also detected an interaction between arsenic and inorganic arsenic intake and smoking status in men (p(interaction) < 0.01 and 0.07, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A significant dose-response trend was seen in the association of arsenic and inorganic intake with lung cancer risk in currently smoking men.
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology and Prevention Division, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan. nsawada@ncc.go.jp
authors.forename: Norie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sawada
authors.forename: Motoki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iwasaki
authors.forename: Manami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Ribeka
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Takachi
authors.forename: Shizuka
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sasazuki
authors.forename: Taiki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamaji
authors.forename: Taichi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimazu
authors.forename: Shoichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsugane
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001151:Arsenic / Q000633:toxicity*; D004032:Diet; D004034:Diet Surveys; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D001151:Arsenic