title: Potentiation effect of metolachlor on toxicity of organochlorine and organophosphate insecticides in earthworm Eisenia andrei.
abstract: Acetylcholinesterase, glutathione-S-transferase and catalase activities were determined in earthworms Eisenia andrei exposed to insecticides (endosulfan, temephos, malathion, pirimiphos-methyl) alone and in a binary combination with the herbicide metolachlor. Metolachlor individually was not acutely toxic, even at high concentrations applied; however, in the treated earthworms metolachlor enhanced the toxicity of endosulfan and temephos by significantly reducing the acetylcholinesterase activity. In binary combination with malathion and pirimiphos-methyl, metolachlor did not increase toxicity. The potentiation character of metolachlor is specific rather than general, and probably depends on the chemical structure of pesticides in the mixture.
authors.affiliation: Subdepartment of Quantitative Ecology, Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8A, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stepić
authors.forename: Branimir K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Hackenberger
authors.forename: Mirna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Velki
authors.forename: Davorka K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Hackenberger
authors.forename: Zeljka
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lončarić
mesh_terms: D056810:Acaricides / Q000633:toxicity; D000081:Acetamides / Q000633:toxicity*; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D006540:Herbicides / Q000633:toxicity; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000633:toxicity*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity; D009835:Oligochaeta / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D010575:Pesticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D056810:Acaricides; D000081:Acetamides; D006540:Herbicides; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D007306:Insecticides; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D010575:Pesticides; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D002374:Catalase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; C051786:metolachlor