title: Does physical activity change over 24 months in persons with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is strong evidence for prevalent physical inactivity among persons with multiple sclerosis (MS). By comparison, very little is known about natural occurring change in physical activity over time. Such inquiry is important for identifying the rate, patterns, and predictors of change for the design and delivery of behavioral interventions in this population. The present study conducted latent growth modeling (LGM) and latent class growth analysis (LCGA) for understanding the rate, patterns, and predictors of change in physical activity over a 24-month period among persons with MS.
  
  
  METHODS
  On three occasions each separated by 12 months, persons (n = 269) with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) completed a battery of questionnaires that included assessment of physical activity behavior. Data were analyzed using Mplus 3.0.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The LGM indicated that a linear model provided a good fit to the data (χ2 = 3.94, p = .05, CFI = .987, SRMR = .025), but the slope (Ms = 0.8) was nonsignificant (p > .05) and indicated no change in physical activity over time. LCGA identified a 2-class solution, and, based on the Lo-Mendell-Rubin likelihood ratio test, this model fit the data better than the 1-class solution. The 2-class solution consisted of low-active (∼80%) and high-active (∼20%) persons, but there was no change in physical activity over time per group. Sex and disability, but not age and disease duration, were predictors of being in the low active class.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was prevalent physical inactivity, but little interindividual and intraindividual change over 24 months in this cohort of persons with RRMS. Such results identify the importance of behavior interventions, perhaps early in the disease process wherein physical inactivity originates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
authors.forename: Robert W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Motl
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
authors.forename: Sean
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mullen
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
authors.forename: Yoojin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suh
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: McAuley
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D020529:Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting / Q000523:psychology*; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult