title: Statins modulate feedback regulation mechanisms between advanced glycation end-products and C-reactive protein: evidence in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  High sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) have been proposed as mediators in inflammation and atherosclerosis. Therefore, we studied the relation between AGE and hsCRP in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with AMI diagnosis and satisfying our inclusion criteria were included during 2009-2011 in an unicentre registry of AMI patients for a cross-sectional study. The final cohort was composed of 156 patients (46.2% STEMI and 27.6% with type-2 diabetes). AGE and hsCRP were measured in plasma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Diabetic patients were older than non-diabetics (68.6 ± 10.6 vs. 60.4 ± 13.9 years; p<0.05), presented more incidence of hypertension (62.8 vs. 36.3%; p<0.05) and were in a higher Killip class (p<0.05). The mean values of fluorescent AGE and hsCRP levels were 61.3 ± 49.8 AU and 2.4 ± 4.0 mg/L, respectively, and there were no differences in these parameters between diabetic and non-diabetic patients. A direct association between AGE and hsCRP levels was observed, mainly in diabetic patients (r=0.258; p=0.018). Importantly, this association disappeared in patients who had been treated with statins before their AMI (r=-0.055; p=0.845), but it was maintained in non-diabetic patients naïve for statins treatment (r=0.634; p<0.001), independently of other treatments and confounding parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first evidence in humans of a feedback regulation mechanism between CRP and the AGE-RAGE axis modulated by statins.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Paradela-Dobarro
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Raposeiras-Roubín
authors.forename: Bruno K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Rodiño-Janeiro
authors.forename: Lilian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Grigorian-Shamagian
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: García-Acuña
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Aguiar-Souto
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jacquet-Hervet
authors.forename: María V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Reino-Maceiras
authors.forename: José R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: González-Juanatey
authors.forename: Ezequiel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Alvarez
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human
keywords: Acute myocardial infarction; Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs); Cardiovascular biomarkers; High sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP); Statins