title: Metacognitive beliefs in adolescents with an at-risk mental state for psychosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The self-regulatory executive function model suggests that metacognitive beliefs play a role in all forms of psychological disorder, including psychosis. However, our understanding of these beliefs and their relationship with symptoms in adolescents with an at-risk mental state (ARMS) for psychosis is limited.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Metacognitions Questionnaire short form (MCQ-30) was administered to 31 adolescents with an identified ARMS. Scores were subsequently compared to a control group of 76 adolescents drawn from a community population.
  
  
  RESULTS
  As predicted, ARMS patients scored significantly higher on metacognition subscales, with negative beliefs (F = 42.97, P = 0.001), cognitive confidence (F = 17.11, P = 0.001) and need for control (F = 22.48, P = 0.001) subscales of the MCQ-30 distinguishing them from the comparison group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The finding that metacognitive beliefs are significantly elevated in comparison to a community sample of adolescents is in keeping with previous adult-orientated research. Possible implications for clinical practice are discussed.
authors.affiliation: School for Health, The Wolfson Research Institute, Durham University, Stockton-on-Tees, UK; South Durham Early Intervention in Psychosis Service, Tees, Esk and Wear Valleys NHS Foundation Trust, Bishop Auckland, UK.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Welsh
authors.forename: Sam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cartwright-Hatton
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wells
authors.forename: Libby
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Snow
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Tiffin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D056344:Executive Function; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D062706:Prodromal Symptoms; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013850:Thinking
keywords: high risk; metacognition; psychosis; youth