title: Vitamin E supplementation, superoxide dismutase status, and outcome of scaling and root planing in patients with chronic periodontitis: a randomized clinical trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study investigates the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in serum and saliva of patients with chronic periodontitis (CP). In addition, the outcome of scaling and root planing (SRP) with and without vitamin E supplementation is evaluated in terms of changes in periodontal parameters and SOD activity in patients with CP.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum and salivary SOD activity in 38 patients with CP were compared with those of 22 systemically and periodontally healthy individuals (control group). At periodontal examination, serum and saliva samples were obtained. Patients with CP were randomly divided into treatment groups 1 (TG-1) and 2 (TG-2). SRP was performed for both groups, and TG-2 also received 200 mg (300 IU) vitamin E every other day. Periodontal parameters and SOD activity were evaluated after 3 months. SOD activity was determined using an SOD assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay reader at 450 nm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SOD activity in both serum (P <0.05) and saliva (P <0.001) was lower in patients with CP compared with controls. After 3 months of follow-up, SOD activity improved in both treatment groups; however, the improvement in TG-2 was higher than in TG-1, along with more improvement in periodontal parameters. Serum SOD levels in TG-2 increased even above the level of the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Systemic and local SOD levels are lowered in CP. Adjunctive vitamin E supplementation improves periodontal healing as well as antioxidant defense.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Postgraduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India.
authors.forename: Neha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Satish
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chander Narula
authors.forename: Rajinder
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kumar Sharma
authors.forename: Shikha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tewari
authors.forename: Paramjeet
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kumar Sehgal
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D012534:Dental Scaling / Q000379:methods*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016745:Root Planing / Q000379:methods*; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D014810:Vitamin E; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase