title: Zinc deficiency and its management in the pediatric population: a literature review and proposed etiologic classification.
abstract: Zinc is a trace element essential to the gastrointestinal, immune, integumentary, reproductive, and central nervous systems. Zinc deficiency is prevalent in many areas of the world and is a diagnostically challenging condition. Cutaneous manifestations typically occur in moderate to severe zinc deficiency and present as alopecia and dermatitis in the perioral, acral, and perineal regions. Zinc deficiency is a potentially fatal disease process. The aim of this review is to focus on the cutaneous manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of zinc deficiency in children, and to propose an etiologic classification system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address: michael.corbo@medportal.ca.
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Corbo
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lam
mesh_terms: D000169:Acrodermatitis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D000505:Alopecia / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003677:Deficiency Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D003872:Dermatitis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000150:complications; D010372:Pediatrics; D011379:Prognosis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015032:Zinc / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015032:Zinc
keywords: AE; IL; MMP; NF; ROS; SLC; acrodermatitis enteropathica; interleukin; matrix metalloproteinase; micronutrients; nuclear factor; pediatric; reactive oxygen species; solute-linked carrier; zinc absorption; zinc deficiency; zinc metabolism