title: Pattern of oral-maxillofacial trauma stemming from interpersonal physical violence and determinant factors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Facial trauma is among the most common types of injury. The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence and pattern of oral-maxillofacial trauma stemming from interpersonal physical violence (IPV) and determine whether IPV is factor associated with oral-maxillofacial trauma.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis was conducted of 790 complete patient charts for data on the type of IPV for the gender, area of residence (urban or rural), age and type of trauma. Statistical analysis involved the chi-squared test (P < 0.05), univariate/multivariate Poisson, and logistic regression (P < 0.20). Type of oral-maxillofacial trauma was the dependent variable. Socio-demographic status and type of IPV were the independent variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred forty (17.7%) individuals had oral-maxillofacial injuries stemming from IPV [80 (10.1%) due to urban violence (UV) and 42 (5.3%) due to domestic violence (DV)]. DV was more prevalent among females (69%), and UV was more prevalent among males (67.5%). The most common types of trauma were facial contusion and laceration, dental concussion, and mandibular fracture. Age and UV were explanatory factors for mandibular fracture. Females from rural areas and who suffered DV were more likely to exhibit facial contusion and dental concussion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Interpersonal physical violence was identified as a factor associated with oral-maxillofacial trauma, specifically mandibular fracture, facial contusion, and dental concussion.
authors.affiliation: Dentistry Department, School of Biological and Health Sciences, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil.
authors.forename: Meire Coelho
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Anne Margareth
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Batista
authors.forename: Fernanda de Oliveira
authors.initials: Fde O
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Maria Letícia
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Ramos-Jorge
authors.forename: Leandro Silva
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Marques
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D008446:Maxillofacial Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D018677:Tooth Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014754:Violence; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: maxillofacial injuries; risk factors; soft tissues injuries; tooth injuries; violence