title: Dietary lipid modification for mild and severe dyslipidaemias.
abstract: The aim of this review is to place a historical perspective on linking dyslipidaemia with atherosclerosis and emphasises previous knowledge about the impact on the lipoprotein profile and health in persons with mild dyslipidaemia and in those with defined genetic disorders. CVD is becoming the leading cause of death and disability in developed and developing countries and is strongly related to lifestyle factors that influence plasma lipoprotein concentrations. It is established that risk of complications from atherosclerosis increases with increasing LDL and decreasing HDL and that there is potentiation of risk when these and other risk factors co-exist. High-fat diets used for losing body mass may increase risk through dyslipidaemia. Pharmaceutical modulation of the lipoproteins has lowered risk powerfully but residual risk persists, possibly relating to existing disease as well as progression relating in many instances to dietary lipids. The impact of various dietary lipids is reviewed as they relate to the conventional lipoprotein profile in persons who do not have significant metabolic defects, as well as the impact on inherited metabolic disease such as familial hypercholesterolaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia and phytosterolaemia. For most persons with dyslipidaemias a significant benefit will be seen on the lipid profile by adopting a low saturated fat diet with less cholesterol intake.
authors.affiliation: Division of Chemical Pathology and MRC Cape Heart Group, University of Cape Town, 6·33 Falmouth Building, UCT Health Science Faculty, Anzio Rd, Observatory 7925, South Africa. david.marais@uct.ac.za
authors.forename: A David
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Marais
mesh_terms: D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000378:metabolism; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000378:metabolism; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D004041:Dietary Fats