title: Ethical issues in obtaining collateral information on alcohol and drug use: experience from Asia and Africa.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In many regions of the world, wives of alcohol and drug-using men are at an increased risk for HIV/AIDS because of their husbands' high-risk behaviours. These women also tend to be poor, illiterate and dependent on their husbands. Few interventions are designed exclusively for these women. Furthermore, these interventions have had to obtain permission from the husbands to recruit the wives. This article discusses the ethical concerns in obtaining husbands' permission to recruit their wives, with examples taken from India and other countries in Asia and Africa.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Studies indicate that married women are recruited for interventions only with their husbands' consent. Researchers reported that this strategy was acceptable to the local culture, increased acceptance of the research by family and community and improved the participation rate of married women. However, this strategy conflicts with the ethical principles of individual autonomy and voluntariness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Designing research processes according to the local cultural norms is important. However, it is a researcher's ethical duty to ensure that every individual of the society, irrespective of sex, race or marital status, gets equal opportunities to make health-related decisions. This article suggests alternate strategies to directly approach and recruit monogamous wives of alcohol and drug-using men; further research is required to test the feasibility of suggested strategies.
authors.affiliation: Population Council, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Deepthi S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Varma
authors.forename: Prabha S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Chandra
authors.forename: Catina Callahan
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: O'Leary
authors.forename: Wendy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Reich
authors.forename: Linda B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Cottler
mesh_terms: D000349:Africa; D000437:Alcoholism; D001208:Asia; D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000379:methods*; D032984:Ethics, Research; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018579:Patient Selection / Q000941:ethics*; D018454:Spouses; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders; D020458:Third-Party Consent / Q000941:ethics