title: Cotton GhCKI disrupts normal male reproduction by delaying tapetum programmed cell death via inactivating starch synthase.
abstract: Anther infertility under high temperature (HT) conditions is a critical factor contributing to yield loss in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Using large-scale expression profile sequencing, we studied the effect of HT on cotton anther development. Our analysis revealed that altered carbohydrate metabolism or disrupted tapetal programmed cell death (PCD) underlie anther sterility. Expression of the Gossypium hirsutum casein kinase I (GhCKI) gene, which encodes a homolog of casein kinase I (CKI), was induced in an HT-sensitive cotton line after exposure to HT. As mammalian homologs of GhCKI are involved in inactivation of glycogen synthase and the regulation of apoptosis, GhCKI may be considered a target gene for improving anther fertility under HT conditions. Our studies suggest that GhCKI exhibits starch synthase kinase activity, increases glucose content in early-stage buds and activates the accumulation of abscisic acid, thereby disturbing the balance of reactive oxygen species and eventually disrupting tapetal PCD, leading to anther abortion or indehiscence. These results indicate that GhCKI may be a key regulator of tapetal PCD and anther dehiscence, with the potential to facilitate regulation of HT tolerance in crops.
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Min
authors.forename: Longfu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Lili
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.forename: Fenglin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Daojun
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Xianlong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000040:Abscisic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics*; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000378:metabolism; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D050756:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D035264:Flowers / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003368:Gossypium / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development*; D006706:Homeostasis; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012098:Reproduction / Q000235:genetics; D013214:Starch Synthase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D050756:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor Proteins; D010940:Plant Proteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D000040:Abscisic Acid; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D013214:Starch Synthase; D005947:Glucose
keywords: Arabidopsis; Gossypium hirsutum; anther abortion; casein kinase I; high temperature; programmed cell death; starch synthase