title: CD2AP is associated with end-stage renal disease in patients with type 1 diabetes.
abstract: CD2-associated protein (CD2AP) is essential for podocyte function. CD2AP mutations have been found in patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, a disease histologically resembling diabetic nephropathy and often progressing to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). We hypothesised that variations in the CD2AP gene may contribute to susceptibility to glomerular injury in diabetes and investigated if single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CD2AP are associated with diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 1 diabetes. The discovery cohort consisted of 2,251 Finnish patients with type 1 diabetes. SNPs were selected from the HapMap database to cover the CD2AP gene. The associations between genotyped SNPs and diabetic nephropathy or ESRD were analysed with the chi-squared test and logistic regression. Three SNPs were selected for replication in cohorts from Denmark, Italy, the United Kingdom and Ireland. None of the 15 successfully genotyped SNPs were associated with diabetic nephropathy when compared to patients with normal albumin excretion rate. However, when genotype frequencies in patients with ESRD were compared with all other patients, two CD2AP SNPs, rs9369717 and rs9349417, were found to be associated with ESRD. The meta-analysis of the original and two additional European cohorts resulted in significant p values <0.01 for these SNPs. A third SNP, rs6936632, was suggestively associated with ESRD in the Finnish patients and in the meta-analysis of four cohorts. CD2AP gene variants may contribute to susceptibility to ESRD in patients with type 1 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, mervi.hyvonen@helsinki.fi.
authors.forename: Mervi E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Hyvönen
authors.forename: Pekka
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ihalmo
authors.forename: Niina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sandholm
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stavarachi
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Forsblom
authors.forename: Amy Jayne
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: McKnight
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lajer
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maestroni
authors.forename: Gareth
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: Lise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tarnow
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maestroni
authors.forename: Gianpaolo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zerbini
authors.forename: Hans-Henrik
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Parving
authors.forename: Alexander P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Maxwell
authors.forename: Per-Henrik
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Groop
authors.forename: Sanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lehtonen
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000235:genetics*; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; C114545:CD2-associated protein; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins