title: P21-activated kinase 5 plays essential roles in the proliferation and tumorigenicity of human hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the roles of P21-activated kinase 5 (PAK5) in proliferation and tumorigenicity of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  HCC and matched paraneoplastictis tissue samples were obtained from 30 patients. Human HCC cell lines SMMC7721, HepG2, Hep3B, SK-HEP-1, Huh-7, and liver cell line HL-7702 were examined. The expression of PAK5 gene was studied using real-time qPCR and Western blotting. Cell proliferation was quantified with the MTT assay. Cell cycle was analyzed with flow cytometry. The tumorigenicity of Lv-shRNA-transfected HepG2 cells was evaluated in BALB/cA nude mice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mRNA level of PAK5 was significantly higher in 25 out of 30 HCC samples compared to the matched paraneoplastic tissues. The HCC cell lines showed varying expression of PAK5 protein, and the highest level was found in the HepG2 cells. PAK5 gene silencing in HepG2 cells markedly reduced the cell proliferation and colony formation, and induced cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase. Furthermore, PAK5 gene silencing suppressed the tumor formation in nude mice, and significantly decreased the expression of HCC-related genes Cyclin D1 and beta-catenin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PAK5 may play essential roles in the initiation and progression of human HCC. Thus, it may be an effective therapeutic target or perhaps serve as a clinical diagnostic or prognostic marker in human HCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical college, Linhai 317000, China.
authors.forename: Zhe-ping
authors.initials: ZP
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China.
authors.forename: Bei-ge
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang 524001, China.
authors.forename: Xue-feng
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang 524001, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China.
authors.forename: Rui-liang
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical college, Linhai 317000, China.
authors.forename: Fa-biao
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D063646:Carcinogenesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays / Q000379:methods; D054462:p21-Activated Kinases / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: C443802:PAK5 protein, human; D054462:p21-Activated Kinases