title: Single-step resection and reconstruction using patient-specific implants in the treatment of benign cranio-orbital tumors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate surgical outcomes using patient-specific prostheses produced by computer-aided design and manufacturing for primary reconstruction in patients with benign cranio-orbital tumors. Polyetheretherketone was used to manufacture the implants.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present study included 3 patients who underwent fronto-orbito-pterional craniotomy using individual custom-made surgical guides. Patient-specific polyetheretherketone prostheses were used for reconstruction during the same surgery. All patients underwent esthetic examination (facial and orbital symmetry, globe projection and position), ophthalmologic examination (diplopia with the Hess-Lancaster test, visual field and acuity), and radiologic evaluations (computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging) during the preoperative and follow-up periods. Operating time and short- and long-term complications were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The immediate and long-term morphologic results were satisfactory; in particular, ocular globe position and projection were correct. After 25 to 31 months, none of the patients developed implant-related complications, such as infection, extrusion, or malposition. Two-year postoperative computed tomograms and magnetic resonance images showed no recurrences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Single-step resection and reconstruction with computer-aided designed and manufactured implants is a challenging new technique that decreases operative time and morbidity. The implants adequately restore an anatomically complex area with satisfactory cosmetic results.
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Division of Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gerbino
authors.forename: Francesca Antonella
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Bianchi
authors.forename: Emanuele
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zavattero
authors.forename: Fulvio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tartara
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Garbossa
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ducati
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001577:Benzophenones; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000737:chemistry; D017076:Computer-Aided Design; D003399:Craniotomy / Q000379:methods*; D004172:Diplopia / Q000209:etiology; D005123:Eye / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006391:Hemangioma / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007659:Ketones / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D008577:Meningeal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D008579:Meningioma / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D061646:Operative Time; D009915:Orbit / Q000473:pathology; D009918:Orbital Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D011108:Polymers; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D012888:Skull Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014584:User-Computer Interface; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology; D014794:Visual Fields / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001577:Benzophenones; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D007659:Ketones; D011108:Polymers; C063834:polyetheretherketone; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols