title: Collagen-cellulose composite thin films that mimic soft-tissue and allow stem-cell orientation.
abstract: Mechanical properties of collagen films are less than ideal for biomaterial development towards musculoskeletal repair or cardiovascular applications. Herein, we present a collagen-cellulose composite film (CCCF) compared against swine small intestine submucosa in regards to mechanical properties, cell growth, and histological analysis. CCCF was additionally characterized by FE-SEM, NMR, mass spectrometry, and Raman Microscopy to elucidate its physical structure, collagen-cellulose composition, and structure activity relationships. Mechanical properties of the CCCF were tested in both wet and dry environments, with anisotropic stress-strain curves that mimicked soft-tissue. Mesenchymal stem cells, human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and human coronary artery smooth muscle cells were able to proliferate on the collagen films with specific cell orientation. Mesenchymal stem cells had a higher proliferation index and were able to infiltrate CCCF to a higher degree than small intestine submucosa. With the underlying biological properties, we present a collagen-cellulose composite film towards forthcoming biomaterial-related applications.
authors.affiliation: Division of Materials Technology, Materials and Science Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, N4.1-01-30, 50 Nanyang Ave, Singapore, 639798, Singapore. wjsteele@ntu.edu.sg
authors.forename: Terry W J
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Steele
authors.forename: Charlotte L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Evelyne
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Udi
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Sarig
authors.forename: Saranya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Effendi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Widjaja
authors.forename: Joachim S C
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Loo
authors.forename: Marcelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Machluf
authors.forename: Freddy
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Boey
authors.forename: Zlata
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Vukadinovic
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hilfiker
authors.forename: Subbu S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Venkatraman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D040761:Biomimetic Materials / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D016764:Cell Polarity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002482:Cellulose / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D003094:Collagen / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D003238:Connective Tissue; D061307:Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D057139:Nanofibers / Q000737:chemistry; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D002482:Cellulose; D003094:Collagen