title: Stride length-cadence relationship is disrupted in below-knee prosthesis users.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the linearity of the relationship between stride length and cadence (STRIDELC) over three self-selected speeds (normal, slow, fast) in below-knee prosthesis users (n=14, 11 men, mean age 43±12 years, mean time since amputation 9.2±6.9 years) in comparison to controls (n=20, 11 men, mean age 43±17 years). The step length-cadence relationship (STEPLC) was also calculated for the prosthetic and intact legs in prosthesis users and compared to the dominant leg of controls. The goodness of linear fit (R2) and slope over 3 speeds were used as outcome measures. Prosthesis users walked significantly slower than controls (slow-fast speed means 82-131 vs. 97-169 cm/s, respectively, ANOVA p<0.0001) due to both lower cadence (42-53 vs. 47-63 strides/min, p<0.0001) and shorter stride length (116-149 vs. 123-161 cm, p<0.0001). The R2 of STRIDELC relationship in below-knee prosthesis users (0.76±0.13) was significantly lower than in controls (0.91±0.03, p<0.001). The R2 values of STEPLC relationship between the prosthetic and intact legs in prosthesis users were correlated (r=0.85, p<0.001) and both (0.67±0.19, 0.58±0.21, respectively) were significantly smaller than in the dominant leg of controls (0.86±0.04, p<0.01). The slopes of STRIDELC and STEPLC were not different. The R2 of 0.84 for STRIDELC best discriminated prosthesis users from controls with high sensitivity (71%) and specificity (95%). The results indicate that coupling between stride/step length and cadence is disturbed in prosthesis users. Upon further investigation, the goodness of linear fit may prove to be useful in assessing prosthetic design, optimizing prosthetic fit, and predicting clinical outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Division of Orthotics and Prosthetics, Methodist Rehabilitation Center, Jackson, MS, United States; Center for Neuroscience and Neurological Recovery, Methodist Rehabilitation Center, Jackson, MS, United States. Electronic address: choward@mmrcrehab.org.
authors.forename: Charla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.forename: Dobrivoje S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Stokic
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001186:Artificial Limbs; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
keywords: Amputee; Below knee prosthesis user; Cadence; Linear regression; Stride length