title: Comparison of normal fasting and one-hour glucose levels as predictors of future diabetes during a 34-year follow-up.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Early identification of those at risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is essential. We examined how normoglycemic levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG) and 1-hour glucose predict the development of diabetes among men initially at low risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the Helsinki Businessmen Study (men born in 1919- 1934), 1,145 men had normal FBG (< 5.0 mmol/L) in 1974, and 1-hour glucose values available. Multivariate, adjusted models were used to investigate how fasting and 1-hour glucose at baseline related to new-onset diabetes during a follow-up of 34 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median FBG and 1-hour glucose values at baseline were 4.4 and 6.6 mmol/L, respectively. During follow-up, 108 men developed diabetes. The risk of incident diabetes was doubled for the highest quintile of FBG (fully adjusted relative risk (RR) 2.22, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10-4.50), and quadrupled for that of 1-hour glucose (RR 4.23, 95% CI 2.49-7.17). FBG could not separate the risk for those with higher levels of glucose in the range < 5.0 mmol/L, whereas 1-hour glucose discriminated the risk better at higher values.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher values in the normoglycemic range for both fasting and 1-hour glucose predicted long-term incidence of diabetes in healthy middle-aged men.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Geriatric Clinic, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. arto.strandberg@kolumbus.fi
authors.forename: Arto Y
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Strandberg
authors.forename: Tuula
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pienimäki
authors.forename: Kaisu H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Pitkälä
authors.forename: Reijo S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Tilvis
authors.forename: Veikko V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Salomaa
authors.forename: Timo E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Strandberg
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood*; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000097:blood*; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose