title: Flow-injection spectrophotometric determination of bromate in bottled drinking water samples using chlorpromazine reagent and a liquid waveguide capillary cell.
abstract: In this work, aiming to develop a simple, inexpensive method for the determination of low bromate levels in water samples, a liquid waveguide capillary cell (LWCC) was coupled to a FIA system. The long optical path (100 cm) of the LWCC was used to improve the sensitivity and the limit of detection without resorting to any off-line or in-line preconcentration processes. The spectrophotometric determination was based on the oxidation of chlorpromazine by bromate in an acidic medium, resulting in the formation of a colored radical product. Sulfamic acid was added to the reagent for minimizing the interference of nitrite, and a chelating ion exchange resin was used to remove major cationic interferences. The developed system allowed the determination of bromate within the range between 1 - 20 μg L(-1) with a detection limit of 0.2 μg L(-1).
authors.affiliation: REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Química Aplicada, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Ildikó V
authors.initials: IV
authors.lastname: Tóth
authors.forename: Inês C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Cláudia F M
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Azevedo
authors.forename: Jorge F S
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.forename: Ricardo N M J
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Páscoa
authors.forename: Raquel B R
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Mesquita
authors.forename: António O S S
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Rangel
mesh_terms: D001959:Bromates / Q000032:analysis*; D002746:Chlorpromazine / Q000737:chemistry*; D060766:Drinking Water / Q000032:analysis*; D017022:Flow Injection Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D007202:Indicators and Reagents / Q000737:chemistry*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D013053:Spectrophotometry / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D001959:Bromates; D060766:Drinking Water; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D002746:Chlorpromazine