title: Easily modified factors contribute to delays in diagnosis of Clostridium difficile infection: a cohort study and intervention.
abstract: Although rapid laboratory tests are available for diagnosis of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), delays in completion of CDI testing are common in clinical practice. We conducted a cohort study of 242 inpatients tested for CDI to determine the timing of different steps involved in diagnostic testing and to identify modifiable factors contributing to delays in diagnosis. The average time from test order to test result was 1.8 days (range, 0.2 to 10.6), with time from order to stool collection accounting for most of the delay (mean, 1.0 day; range, 0 to 10). Several modifiable factors contributed to delays, including not providing stool collection supplies to patients in a timely fashion, rejection of specimens due to incorrect labeling or leaking from the container, and holding samples in the laboratory for batch processing. Delays in testing contributed to delays in initiation of treatment for patients diagnosed with CDI and to frequent prescription of empirical CDI therapy for patients with mild to moderate symptoms whose testing was ultimately negative. An intervention that addressed several easily modified factors contributing to delays resulted in a significant decrease in the time required to complete CDI testing. These findings suggest that health care facilities may benefit from a review of their processes for CDI testing to identify and address modifiable factors that contribute to delays in diagnosis and treatment of CDI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Division, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Sirisha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kundrapu
authors.forename: Lucy A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Jury
authors.forename: Brett
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sitzlar
authors.forename: Venkata C K
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Sunkesula
authors.forename: Ajay K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Sethi
authors.forename: Curtis J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Donskey
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016360:Clostridioides difficile / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D003015:Clostridium Infections / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D057210:Delayed Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013048:Specimen Handling / Q000379:methods*