title: Reduction of inflammatory reaction in the use of purified alginate microcapsules.
abstract: Alginate, a polysaccharide extracted from brown seaweed, remains the most widely used biomaterial for immobilizing cells to be transplanted, because of the good viability of the encapsulated cells and the relatively ease of processing for cell encapsulation. However, the main drawback is the immune reaction in vivo. To overcome this problem, we have demonstrated a modified Korbutt method for alginate purification. After alginate microcapsules were manufactured, NIH/3T3 fibroblast cells were seeded in purified and non-purified alginate microcapsules, and the cell proliferation was analyzed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was performed to assess the mRNA expression of RAW 264.7 macrophage cells for inflammation cytokines such as TNF-α. Purified and non-purified alginate microcapsules were implanted into Wister rats, and subsequently extracted after 1-2 weeks. Tissues surrounding the implants were harvested and underwent histological evaluation through H&E staining and immunohistochemical evaluation through ED-1 staining. In this result, contaminated materials in the purified alginate were eliminated by purification process. Thereby, density of inflammatory cell decreased about 30% more than non-purified alginate and thickness of fibrotic wall decreased about three times. In concluding, the purified alginate is anticipated to be highly potent for numerous biomaterial applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of BIN Fusion Technology, Polymer Nano Science & Technology and Polymer Fusion Research Center, Chonbuk National University, 567 Beackje-daero, Deokjin , Jeonju 561-756, Korea.
authors.forename: A Ram
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ji Hye
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Hye Min
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ha Neul
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jeong Eun
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Young Il
authors.initials: YI
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Kun Ho
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Dongwon
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Gilson
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Khang
mesh_terms: D000464:Alginates / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002214:Capsules / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000138:chemical synthesis; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D004343:Drug Implants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000517:prevention & control; D008422:Materials Testing; D051379:Mice; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D002214:Capsules; D004343:Drug Implants; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D020723:Glucuronic Acid