title: Enabling the mission through trans-atlantic remote mentored musculoskeletal ultrasound: case report of a portable hand-carried tele-ultrasound system for medical relief missions.
abstract: Modern medical practice has become extremely dependent upon diagnostic imaging technologies to confirm the results of clinical examination and to guide the response to therapies. Of the various diagnostic imaging techniques, ultrasound is the most portable modality and one that is repeatable, dynamic, relatively cheap, and safe as long as the imaging provided is accurately interpreted. It is, however, the most user-dependent, a characteristic that has prompted the development of remote guidance techniques, wherein remote experts guide distant users through the use of information technologies. Medical mission work often brings specialist physicians to less developed locations, where they wish to provide the highest levels of care but are often bereft of diagnostic imaging resources on which they depend. Furthermore, if these personnel become ill or injured, their own care received may not be to the standard they have left at home. We herein report the utilization of a compact hand-carried remote tele-ultrasound system that allowed real-time diagnosis and follow-up of an acutely torn adductor muscle by a team of ultrasonographers, surgeons, and physicians. The patient was one of the mission surgeons who was guided to self-image. The virtual network of supporting experts was located across North America, whereas the patient was in Lome, Togo, West Africa. The system consisted of a hand-carried ultrasound, the output of which was digitized and streamed to the experts within standard voice-over-Internet-protocol software with an embedded simultaneous videocamera image of the ultrasonographer's hands using a customized graphical user interface. The practical concept of a virtual tele-ultrasound support network was illustrated through the clinical guidance of multiple physicians, including National Aeronautics and Space Administration Medical Operations remote guiders, Olympic team-associated surgeons, and ultrasound-focused emergentologists.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Andrew.kirkpatrick@albertahealthservices.ca
authors.forename: Andrew W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Kirkpatrick
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blaivas
authors.forename: Ashot E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Sargsyan
authors.forename: Paul B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: McBeth
authors.forename: Chirag
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Zhengwen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Linping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pian
authors.forename: Nova
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Panebianco
authors.forename: Douglas R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.forename: Chad G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Ball
authors.forename: Scott A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Dulchavsky
mesh_terms: D006688:Hockey / Q000293:injuries; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D019095:Point-of-Care Systems; D008921:Religious Missions; D019114:Remote Consultation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D017216:Telemedicine / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014037:Togo; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000295:instrumentation; D014481:United States