title: The Patient-Reported Incident in Hospital Instrument (PRIH-I): assessments of data quality, test-retest reliability and hospital-level reliability.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of this study was to test the data quality, test-retest reliability and hospital-level reliability of the Patient-Reported Incident in Hospital Instrument (PRIH-I).
  
  
  METHODS
  13 incident questions were included in a national patient-experience survey in Norway during the spring of 2011. All questions and a composite incident index were assessed by calculating missing-item rates, test-retest reliability and hospital-level reliability. A multivariate linear regression on a global item regarding incorrect treatment was used to assess the main sources of variation in patient-perceived incorrect treatment at hospitals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five of the 13 patient-incident questions had a missing-item rate of >20%. Only one item met the criterion of 0.7 for test-retest reliability (wrong or delayed diagnosis), seven items had a score of >0.5, while the remainder had a reliability score of <0.5. However, the reliability was >0.7 for six of 10 items tested at the hospital level, and >0.6 for the remaining four items. A patient-incident index based on 12 of the incident items had no missing data, the test-retest reliability was 0.6 and the hospital-level reliability was 0.85.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The PRIH-I comprises 13 questions about patient-perceived incidents in hospitals, and can be easily and cost-effectively included in national patient-experience surveys with an acceptable increase in respondent burden. Although the missing-item rate and test-retest reliability were poor for several items, the hospital-level reliability was satisfactory for most of the items. The incident items contribute to a patient-reported incident index, with excellent data quality and hospital-level reliability.
authors.affiliation: Department for Quality and Patient Safety, The Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Health Services, Oslo, Norway. oan@kunnskapssenteret.no
authors.forename: Oyvind
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bjertnaes
authors.forename: Kjersti Eeg
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Skudal
authors.forename: Hilde Hestad
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Iversen
authors.forename: Anne Karin
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Lindahl
mesh_terms: D019538:Health Care Surveys / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009664:Norway; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012308:Risk Management / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Hospital; Patient safety; Patient satisfaction; Questionnaire