title: Serial foodborne norovirus outbreaks associated with multiple genotypes.
abstract: Noroviruses (NoV) have been recognized as an important pathogen associated with acute gastroenteritis worldwide during the past three decades. In the spring of 2012, a series of foodborne outbreaks in tourist groups were reported to Xiamen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xiamen, Fujian province, China. Among a total of 268 tourists in 7 groups, the prevalence rate of acute gastroenteritis was 16.0% (43/268). Twenty-three feces or anal swabs were collected for laboratory tests of causative agents, no bacterial pathogen was identified, while 22 of them were positive for NoV RNA. In addition, thirteen NoV fragments were recovered from positive specimens and sequenced, belonging to five genotypes such as GI.3, GI.4, GII.4, GII.6, and GII.14, respectively. However, NoV fragments obtained from locally infected patients showed distinct genotypes. Therefore, epidemiological investigation and laboratory analyses demonstrated that the serial foodborne NoV outbreaks in tourists were co-infection of multiple genotypes induced acute gastroenteritis linked to a restaurant.
authors.affiliation: Xiamen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China.
authors.forename: Jianwei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Xuerong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Qinyun
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Weng
authors.forename: Huarong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Zhinan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Shuizhen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Jianjun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Niu
mesh_terms: D017250:Caliciviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D019295:Computational Biology; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005243:Feces / Q000821:virology; D005517:Foodborne Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000821:virology*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D029322:Norovirus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D010802:Phylogeny; D015995:Prevalence; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers