title: Particulate pulmonary delivery systems containing anti-tuberculosis agents.
abstract: There is renewed interest in delivering anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs to the lungs by inhalation. Several groups have investigated particulate pulmonary drug delivery formulations containing anti-TB agents, prepared using a variety of design approaches and processes. This review summarizes trends that indicate feasibility and translation of research efforts aimed at developing inhaled therapies for TB. Whereas formulations intended for reconstitution as solutions prior to nebulization can be produced with relative ease, particle engineering for powder formulations is more specialized. Spray drying and emulsion methods used to prepare particulate pulmonary delivery systems of anti-TB agents are compared. Pharmaceutical characterization is outlined. Administration of repeated inhalations to laboratory animals, especially under Animal Biosafety Level-3 (ABSL-3) containment as required for TB research, is another major challenge. Techniques employed by different groups are reviewed in the context of suitability for drug delivery and amenability towards use in ABSL-3 settings. It is concluded that spray drying is suitable for production of inhalable particles, rigorous physicochemical characterization is necessary for developing inhaled therapies as drug products, and pulmonary delivery of formulations containing anti-TB drugs to animals infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis can best be carried out using handheld devices.
authors.affiliation: CSIR Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India.
authors.forename: Anuradha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Sanketkumar M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Pandya
authors.forename: Imran
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mohammad
authors.forename: Atul Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Agrawal
authors.forename: Mradul
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mohan
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Misra
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000818:Animals; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents