title: Examining factors that contribute to the process of resilience following spinal cord injury.
abstract: METHODS
  Cross-sectional survey.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine factors that contribute to the process of positive adjustment, or resilience, in an adult community sample with spinal cord injury (SCI).
  
  
  METHODS
  South Australian Spinal Cord Injury Service, Hampstead Rehabilitation Centre, South Australia, Australia
  
  
  METHODS
  A postal survey comprising standardised measures of resilience (Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale-10 item), self-efficacy (Moorong Self-Efficacy Scale), locus of control (Locus of Control of Behaviour Scale) and psychological distress (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale--21 item).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 60 respondents, 58% reported moderate to high levels of resilience. Resilience correlated significantly with high self-efficacy (r=0.68, P<0.01), internal locus of control (r=-0.52, P<0.01) and low psychological distress (depression r=-0.68, P<0.01; anxiety r=-0.55, P<0.01; stress r=-0.67, P<0.01). In comparison, resilience was not significantly influenced by degree of neuropathic pain (r=-0.23, P>0.05), time since injury (r=-0.14, P>0.05), gender (t(58)=-0.92, P>0.05), lesion completeness (t(57)=-0.86, P>0.05), or SCI diagnosis (t(58)=-1.21, P>0.05). A multiple regression indicated that psychological distress and self-efficacy were the only two variables that uniquely contributed to resilient behaviour.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Resilience is an important psychological process in the longer-term management of SCI which can be promoted by targeting rehabilitation interventions towards mood management in addition to self efficacy beliefs. Larger-scale research will help to validate these results.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Kilic
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Dorstyn
authors.forename: N G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Guiver
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D015984:Causality; D015897:Comorbidity; D003625:Data Collection; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D055500:Resilience, Psychological; D012307:Risk Factors; D020377:Self Efficacy; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013021:South Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult