title: Nano-titanium dioxide induced cardiac injury in rat under oxidative stress.
abstract: Heart diseases, which are related to oxidative stress (OS), negatively affect millions of people from kids to the elderly. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has widespread applications in our daily life, especially nanoscale TiO2. Compared to the high risk of particulate matter (≤2.5μm) in air to heart disease patients, related research of TiO2 on diseased body is still unknown, which suggest us to explore the potential effects of nanoscale and microscale TiO2 to heart under OS conditions. Here, we used alloxan to induce OS conditions in rat, and investigated the response of heart tissue to TiO2 in healthy and alloxan treated rats. Compared with NMs treatment only, the synergistic interaction between OS conditions and nano-TiO2 significantly reduced the heart-related function indexes, inducing pathological changes of myocardium with significantly increased levels of cardiac troponin I and creatine kinase-MB. In contrast with the void response of micro-TiO2 to heart functions in alloxan treated rats, aggravation of OS conditions might play an important role in cardiac injury after alloxan and nano-TiO2 dual exposure. Our results demonstrated that OS conditions enhanced the adverse effects of nano-TiO2 to heart, suggesting that the use of NMs in stressed conditions (e.g., drug delivery) needs to be carefully monitored.
authors.affiliation: Lab of Cell Biology & Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, PR China.
authors.forename: BaoYong
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sha
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: ShuQi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Tian Jian
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects*; D006335:Heart Injuries / Q000139:chemically induced*; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D051381:Rats; D014025:Titanium / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium
keywords: 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; ALP; ALT; ANOVA; AST; Alloxan; BW; Cardiac injury; DLS; EDTA; ELISA; FBS; GSH; H(2)O(2); HRTEM; LDH; MDA; MTT; NMs; Nano-titanium dioxide; OD; OS; Oxidative stress; PI; SAED; SEM; SOD; TiO(2); X-ray diffraction; XRD; alanine aminotransferase; alkaline phosphatase; analysis of variance; aspartate aminotransferase; body weight; dynamic light scattering; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; ethylenedinitriletetraacetic acid; fetal calf serum; glutathione; high resolution transmission electron microscopy; hydrogen peroxide; lactate dehydrogenase; malondialdehyde; nanomaterials; optical density; oxidative stress; propidium iodide; scanning electron microscope; selected area electron diffraction; superoxide anion; superoxide dismutase; titanium dioxide