title: Production of flavours and fragrances via bioreduction of (4R)-(-)-carvone and (1R)-(-)-myrtenal by non-conventional yeast whole-cells.
abstract: As part of a program aiming at the selection of yeast strains which might be of interest as sources of natural flavours and fragrances, the bioreduction of (4R)-(-)-carvone and (1R)-(-)-myrtenal by whole-cells of non-conventional yeasts (NCYs) belonging to the genera Candida, Cryptococcus, Debaryomyces, Hanseniaspora, Kazachstania, Kluyveromyces, Lindnera, Nakaseomyces, Vanderwaltozyma and Wickerhamomyces was studied. Volatiles produced were sampled by means of headspace solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and the compounds were analysed and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Yields (expressed as % of biotransformation) varied in dependence of the strain. The reduction of both (4R)-(-)-carvone and (1R)-(-)-myrtenal were catalyzed by some ene-reductases (ERs) and/or carbonyl reductases (CRs), which determined the formation of (1R,4R)-dihydrocarvone and (1R)-myrtenol respectively, as main flavouring products. The potential of NCYs as novel whole-cell biocatalysts for selective biotransformation of electron-poor alkenes for producing flavours and fragrances of industrial interest is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences & Industrial Yeasts Collection DBVPG, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, Perugia 06121, Italy.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goretti
authors.forename: Benedetta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Turchetti
authors.forename: Maria Rita
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Cramarossa
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Forti
authors.forename: Pietro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Buzzini
mesh_terms: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D000081008:Bicyclic Monoterpenes; D001711:Biotransformation; D000081005:Cyclohexane Monoterpenes; D005421:Flavoring Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D013729:Terpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D015003:Yeasts / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D000081008:Bicyclic Monoterpenes; D000081005:Cyclohexane Monoterpenes; D005421:Flavoring Agents; D039821:Monoterpenes; D013729:Terpenes; C006923:carvone; C061545:myrtenal; C534317:myrtenol; C556859:dihydrocarvone