title: Simulation of blood flow coronary artery with consecutive stenosis and coronary-coronary bypass.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In this research the behavior of coronary arteries has been studied with symmetric and asymmetric consecutive stenosis, and grafted vessels.
  
  
  METHODS
  The incompressible Navier-Stokes and energy equations were discretized with second-order upwind method. Assumptions such as Newtonian fluid, wall rigidity and steady-flow were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All the calculations showed the same results with Newtonians and non- Newtonian fluids. It was found that the possibility of stenosis be reduced by increasing the graft angle. However, there exists further stenosis possibility. Among the three graft angles 20, 30 ˚ and 40, the 30 ˚ was found to be the reliable ones.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on these findings, it can be deduced that there would be a high risk of further atherosclerosis when the first stenose has the maximum percentage.
authors.affiliation: School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Seyed Esmail
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Razavi
authors.forename: Ramin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zanbouri
authors.forename: Omid
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Arjmandi-Tash
keywords: Anastomotic Vessel; Consecutive Stenosis; Coronary Artery; Navier-Stokes Equations; Newtonian Fluid; Shear Stress; Stenose Possibility