title: Lanthanum chloride impairs spatial learning and memory and downregulates NF-κB signalling pathway in rats.
abstract: Exposure to rare earth elements (REEs) is known to impair intelligence in children and cause neurobehavioral abnormalities in animals. However, the mechanisms underlying these phenomena are not clear. Lanthanum is often used to study the effects of REEs. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of lanthanum chloride (LaCl3) on spatial learning and memory and a possible underlying mechanism involving nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signalling pathway expression in the hippocampus. The rats were exposed to 0, 0.25, 0.50 or 1.00 % LaCl3 in drinking water during pregnancy and lactation (i.e. while feeding their offspring). After weaning, young rats continued to receive 0, 0.25, 0.50 and 1.00 % LaCl3 in the drinking water for 1 month. LaCl3 exposure impaired the spatial learning and memory of young rats and significantly decreased the expression of phosphorylated IκB kinase complex, phosphorylated IκBα, NF-κB, c-fos, c-jun and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the hippocampus. These results indicate that LaCl3 exposure impairs spatial learning and memory in rats by inhibiting NF-κB signalling pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, 92 North 2nd Road, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Linlin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Jinghua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Qiufang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Shengwen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Cuihong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Xiaobo
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Lifeng
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yanqiu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xi
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000378:metabolism; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D024202:Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; D016762:Genes, fos / Q000187:drug effects; D016758:Genes, jun / Q000187:drug effects; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase / Q000378:metabolism; D007811:Lanthanum / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects*; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000523:psychology; D057567:Memory, Long-Term / Q000187:drug effects; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D012313:RNA / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D016328:NF-kappa B; C028521:lanthanum chloride; D012313:RNA; D007811:Lanthanum; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase