title: Efficacy of temsirolimus in metastatic chromophobe renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a histopathologically and molecularly heterogeneous disease with the chromophobe subtype (chRCC) accounting for approximately 5% of all cases. The median overall survival of advanced RCC has improved significantly since the advent of tyrosine kinase inhibitors and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors. However, high-quality evidence for the use of new generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors in patients with advanced chRCC is lacking. Few published case reports have highlighted the use of temsirolimus in chRCC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Here, we report the case of a 36-year-old Caucasian woman with metastatic chRCC with predominantly skeletal metastases who was refractory to sunitinib who demonstrated a durable clinical response to temsirolimus lasting 20 months. We review the available evidence pertaining to the use of new generation molecularly targeted agents, in particular mTOR inhibitors in chRCC and discuss their emerging role in the management of this disease which would aid the oncologists faced with the challenge of treating this rare type of RCC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Conducting randomised clinical trials in this rarer sub-group of patients would be challenging and our case report and the evidence reviewed would guide the physicians to make informed decision regarding the management of these patients.
authors.affiliation: Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, 1053, Great Western Road, Glasgow G12 0YN, UK. balajivenugopal@nhs.net
authors.forename: Balaji
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Venugopal
authors.forename: Jawaher
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ansari
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aitchison
authors.forename: Lye Mun
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Tho
authors.forename: Roderick
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Rob J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary*; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; C401859:temsirolimus; D020123:Sirolimus