title: Antagonist effects of veratric acid against UVB-induced cell damages.
abstract: Ultraviolet (UV) radiation induces DNA damage, oxidative stress, and inflammatory processes in human epidermis, resulting in inflammation, photoaging, and photocarcinogenesis. Adequate protection of skin against the harmful effect of UV irradiation is essential. In recent years naturally occurring herbal compounds such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, and high molecular weight polyphenols have gained considerable attention as beneficial protective agents. The simple phenolic veratric acid (VA, 3,4-dimethoxybenzoic acid) is one of the major benzoic acid derivatives from vegetables and fruits and it also occurs naturally in medicinal mushrooms which have been reported to have anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities. However, it has rarely been applied in skin care. This study, therefore, aimed to explore the possible roles of veratric acid in protection against UVB-induced damage in HaCaT cells. Results showed that veratric acid can attenuate cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) formation, glutathione (GSH) depletion and apoptosis induced by UVB. Furthermore, veratric acid had inhibitory effects on the UVB-induced release of the inflammatory mediators such as IL-6 and prostaglandin-E2. We also confirmed the safety and clinical efficacy of veratric acid on human skin. Overall, results demonstrated significant benefits of veratric acid on the protection of keratinocyte against UVB-induced injuries and suggested its potential use in skin photoprotection.
authors.affiliation: Biospectrum Life Science Institute, EinesPlatz 11th Fl., 442-13 Sangdaewon Dong, Seoungnam City, Gyunggi-do 462-807, Korea.
authors.forename: Seoung Woo
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Eunsun
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Seungbeom
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kyung-Eun
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jong-Kyung
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Youm
authors.forename: Deokhoon
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D002460:Cell Line; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D011740:Pyrimidine Dimers / Q000378:metabolism; D013473:Sunscreening Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014641:Vanillic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C508600:IL6 protein, human; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D015850:Interleukin-6; D011740:Pyrimidine Dimers; D013473:Sunscreening Agents; C009333:veratric acid; D005978:Glutathione; D014641:Vanillic Acid; D015232:Dinoprostone