title: Supplementation of microbial levan in the diet of Cyprinus carpio fry (Linnaeus, 1758) exposed to sublethal toxicity of fipronil: effect on growth and metabolic responses.
abstract: A 60-day feeding trial was conducted to study the effect of dietary microbial levan on growth performance and metabolic responses of Cyprinus carpio fry exposed to sublethal dose (1/10th LC₅₀) of fipronil [(±)-5-amino-1-(2,6-dichloro-α,α,α-trifluoro-p-tolyl)-4-trifluoromethylsulfinylpyrazole-3-carbonitrile]. Two hundred and twenty five fry were randomly distributed in five treatments in triplicates. Four purified diets were prepared with graded levels of microbial levan. Five different treatment groups were levan control L₀P₀ (basal feed + 0 % levan without exposure to pesticide); pesticide control L₀P₁ (basal feed + 0 % levan with exposure to pesticide); L₀.₂₅P₁ (basal feed + 0.25 % levan with exposure to pesticide); L₀.₅₀P₁ (basal feed + 0.50 % levan with exposure to pesticide); and L₀.₇₅P₁ (basal feed + 0.75 % levan with exposure to pesticide). Weight gain% and specific growth rate were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in levan fed groups compared to their non-levan fed counterpart. Highest (p < 0.05) content of ascorbic acid in muscle, liver and brain tissues was observed with higher level of dietary levan. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity decreased with the increasing level of dietary levan in the liver and muscle. Aspartate aminotransferase activity exhibited a second order polynomial relationship with the dietary levan, both in liver (Y = -1.001x² + 5.366x + 5.812, r² = 0.887) and muscle (Y = -0.566x² + 2.833x + 6.506, r² = 0.858) while alanine aminotransferase activity showed third order polynomial relationship both in liver (Y = 1.195x³ - 12.30x² + 35.23x + 9.874, r² = 0.879) and muscle (Y = 0.527x³ - 8.429x² + 31.80x + 8.718, r² = 0.990). Highest (p < 0.05) superoxide dismutase activity in gill was observed in the group fed with 0.75 % levan supplemented diet. Overall results indicated that dietary microbial levan at 0.75 % in C. carpio fry ameliorated the negative effects of fipronil and augmented the growth.
authors.affiliation: Division of Aquaculture, Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai-61, India, sanfish111@gmail.com.
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Pal
authors.forename: N P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Sahu
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Jha
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Akhtar
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Mandal
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Prusty
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D017756:Aquaculture; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D002347:Carps / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005630:Fructans; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000633:toxicity*; D011897:Random Allocation
chemical_list: D005630:Fructans; D007306:Insecticides; D011720:Pyrazoles; C072599:levan; D001205:Ascorbic Acid; C082360:fipronil