title: Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase is differentially expressed by different white blood cell populations of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is involved in immune processes such as transplant and fetal rejection, autoimmunity, cancer, and infection; however, its expression in rhesus macaques has not been fully addressed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase mRNA and protein in the white blood cells (WBCs) of Chinese rhesus macaques were examined by RT-PCR, western blotting, real-time RT-PCR, and flow cytometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both IDO protein and mRNA could be readily detected in WBCs or peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of normal rhesus macaques. IDO+ cell frequency was the highest among CD14(+) mononuclear cells, followed by CD56(+) cells and DCs. No difference in the frequency of IDO+ cells between CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells; however, Th17 cells have higher frequency of IDO+ cells than Th1 cells, with Th2 cells the lowest. Toll-like receptor (TLR) stimulation significantly increased IDO protein level in CD14(+) , CD56(+) , CD1c(+) , CD11c(+) , and CD123(+) myeloid cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rhesus macaques express IDO differentially in their leukocyte subsets and are suitable for IDO-related pathophysiological studies.
authors.affiliation: National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, China-CDC, 25 Huawei Li, Chaoyang, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: W-J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: J-Z
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.forename: G-B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019002:CD56 Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D015870:Gene Expression; D050503:Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000276:immunology; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000032:analysis; D008253:Macaca mulatta / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000201:enzymology; D058504:Th17 Cells / Q000201:enzymology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000201:enzymology; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D019002:CD56 Antigen; D050503:Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors
keywords: flow cytometry; indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase; leukocyte; real-time RT-PCR; rhesus macaques