title: Intranasal, liposome-adjuvanted cockroach allergy vaccines made of refined major allergen and whole-body extract of Periplaneta americana.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cockroach (CR) allergens frequently cause severe asthma in CR-sensitized subjects. Allergen-specific immunotherapy causes a shift of allergic Th2 responses towards Th1 and/or regulatory T cell (Treg) responses which reduce airway inflammation and prevent disease progression. Data are relatively limited on immunotherapy via CR allergy vaccine.
  
  
  METHODS
  The therapeutic efficacy of an intranasal liposome-adjuvant vaccine made of a refined Periplaneta americana arginine kinase (AK) was compared to the liposome-entrapped P. americana crude extract (CRE) vaccine. Adult BALB/c mice were rendered allergic to CRE. Three allergic mouse groups were immunized intranasally on alternate days with 8 doses of liposome-entrapped CRE (L-CRE), liposome-entrapped AK and placebo, respectively. One week later, all mice received a nebulized CRE provocation. Evaluation of vaccine efficacy was performed 1 day after provocation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Liposome-entrapped native AK attenuated airway inflammation after the CRE provocation and caused a shift of allergic Th2 to Th1 and Treg responses. The L-CRE also induced a shift from the Th2 to the Th1 response but did not induce a Treg response and could not attenuate the airway inflammation upon allergen reexposure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intranasal liposome-adjuvant CR allergy vaccine containing native AK (Per a 9) is better than L-CRE in attenuating allergic airway inflammation. The findings of this study not only document a more comprehensive and beneficial immune response induced by the refined allergen vaccine but also raise the point that the shift from the Th2 to the Th1 response alone might not correlate with improved airway histopathology, clinical outcome and quality of life.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Immunology, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Panissara
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Meechan
authors.forename: Anchalee
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tungtrongchitr
authors.forename: Urai
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Chaisri
authors.forename: Khuanwalai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maklon
authors.forename: Nitaya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Indrawattana
authors.forename: Wanpen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chaicumpa
authors.forename: Nitat
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sookrung
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000485:Allergens / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000818:Animals; D001122:Arginine Kinase / Q000008:administration & dosage; D045424:Complex Mixtures / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D003888:Desensitization, Immunologic / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy*; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008081:Liposomes / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008168:Lung / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010526:Periplaneta / Q000276:immunology*; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology; D058408:Th1-Th2 Balance; D014612:Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000485:Allergens; D045424:Complex Mixtures; D016207:Cytokines; D019476:Insect Proteins; D008081:Liposomes; D014612:Vaccines; D001122:Arginine Kinase