title: [Shang Ring, sleeve and conventional circumcisions for redundant prepuce and phimosis: A comparative study of 918 cases].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the clinical effects of conventional, sleeve and Shang Ring circumcisions in the treatment of redundant prepuce and phimosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the clinical data of 918 patients with redundant prepuce or phimosis, 279 treated by conventional circumcision, 354 by sleeve circumcision and 285 by Shang Ring circumcision. We documented the preoperative characteristics, intra-operative blood loss, operation time, 4-hour and 7-day postoperative visual analogue scores, surgeons' satisfaction, incision healing time, degrees of preputial edema, postoperative complications, patients' satisfaction with penile appearance and peri-operative cost, and compared them among the three groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Shang Ring circumcision significantly reduced the operation time and intra-operative blood loss as compared with conventional and sleeve circumcisions (P < 0.05). The postoperative incision healing time was (18.6 +/- 5.2) d in the conventional circumcision group, (11.4 +/- 3.7) d in the sleeve circumcision group and (20.3 +/- 5.7) d in the Shang Ring circumcision group, significantly shorter in the sleeve group than in the other two (P < 0.05). As for the surgeons' satisfaction, postoperative complications, degree of preputial edema and patients' satisfaction with penile appearance, sleeve circumcision showed similar effects to Shang Ring circumcision but significantly better than conventional circumcision (P < 0.05). The 7-day postoperative visual analogue score and peri-operative cost were significantly lower in the conventional and sleeve circumcision groups than in the Shang Ring group (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Each of the three circumcision methods has its own advantages and disadvantages. The treatment decision should be individualized and based on a comprehensive consideration of the patients' age and economic status as well as surgeons' advice and surgical skills.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Jintan People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Jintan, Jiangsu 213200, China. wrhdham@126.com
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Wei-Jun
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Wen-Hua
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Yi-Feng
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Xue
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002944:Circumcision, Male / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010688:Phimosis / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014945:Wound Healing; D055815:Young Adult