title: Parenting stress in pediatric IBD: relations with child psychopathology, family functioning, and disease severity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Parenting stress in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been under-examined. Data validating use of the Pediatric Inventory for Parents (PIP), a measure of parenting stress associated with caring for a chronically ill child, in chronic diseases with intermittent, unpredictable disease courses, such as IBD, are needed. This study presents validity data in support of the PIP in pediatric IBD and examines relations between parenting stress and important psychosocial and medical outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adolescents (N = 130) with IBD and their caregivers across 3 sites completed measures of parenting stress, family functioning, and emotional/behavioral functioning. Disease severity was also assessed for each participant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The PIP demonstrates excellent internal consistency. Parenting stress was significantly higher among those with unhealthy general family functioning and those with children with borderline or clinically elevated internalizing symptoms. Caregiving stress was greater among parents of youth with more active Crohn's disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results supported the reliability and validity of the PIP for assessing caregiving stress in pediatric IBD. Routine assessment of parenting stress is recommended, particularly among parents reporting unhealthy family functioning and parents of youth with borderline or clinically elevated internalizing symptoms and more active disease.
authors.affiliation: Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
authors.forename: Wendy N
authors.initials: WN
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.forename: Danielle M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Graef
authors.forename: Shana S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Schuman
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Janicke
authors.forename: Kevin A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Hommel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D011581:Psychological Tests; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology