title: Minimally invasive pyeloplasty in horseshoe kidneys with ureteropelvic junction obstruction: a case series.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Horseshoe kidney is an uncommon renal anomaly often associated with ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction. Advanced minimally invasive surgical (MIS) reconstructive techniques including laparoscopic and robotic surgery are now being utilized in this population. However, fewer than 30 cases of MIS UPJ reconstruction in horseshoe kidneys have been reported. We herein report our experience with these techniques in the largest series to date.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a retrospective chart review of nine patients with UPJ obstruction in horseshoe kidneys who underwent MIS repair at our institution between March 2000 and January 2012. Four underwent laparoscopic, two robotic, and one laparoendoscopic single-site (LESS) dismembered pyeloplasty. An additional two pediatric patients underwent robotic Hellstrom repair. Perioperative outcomes and treatment success were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median patient age was 18 years (range 2.5-62 years). Median operative time was 136 minutes (range 109-230 min.) and there were no perioperative complications. After a median follow-up of 11 months, clinical (symptomatic) success was 100%, while radiographic success based on MAG-3 renogram was 78%. The two failures were defined by prolonged t1/2 drainage, but neither patient has required salvage therapy as they remain asymptomatic with stable differential renal function.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MIS repair of UPJ obstruction in horseshoe kidneys is feasible and safe. Although excellent short-term clinical success is achieved, radiographic success may be lower than MIS pyeloplasty in heterotopic kidneys, possibly due to inherent differences in anatomy. Larger studies are needed to evaluate MIS pyeloplasty in this population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Faddegon
authors.forename: Candace
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Granberg
authors.forename: Yung K
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Patricio C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Gargollo
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Cadeddu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery*; D007682:Kidney Pelvis / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000601:surgery; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D061646:Operative Time; D012371:Robotics; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000601:surgery*; D055815:Young Adult