title: Survey in Iran of clarithromycin resistance in Helicobacter pylori isolates by PCR-RFLP.
abstract: The aims of this study were to assess primary resistance of H. pylori strains isolated from adult patients of Ilam, Iran to antibacterial agents (amoxicillin, clarithromycin, metronidazole and tetracycline) and detection of clarithromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, metronidazole and tetracycline resistance by disc diffusion. Fifty biopsies were taken from gastric mucosa of the antrum and body regions of adult patients by gastroscopy, and were cultured on Helicobacter pylori selective medium. The susceptibility of H. pylori strains showed that 44, 6, 6, 4 and 16% were resistance to metronidazole, amoxicillin, tetracycline, azithromycin, and clarithromycin, respectively. Polymerase chain reaction- restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis showed that all clarithromycin resistance isolates had A2143G mutation and PCR amplicons from these strains upon digestion by BsaI restriction enzyme resulted in 319 and 106 base pair fragments. Because most of physicians in Ilam do not use amoxicillin in triple therapy of H. pylori infection, isolates showed low rate of resistance to amoxicillin.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University Of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
authors.forename: Nourkhoda
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sadeghifard
authors.forename: Teimour
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Seidnazari
authors.forename: Sobhan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghafourian
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Soleimani
authors.forename: Abbas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maleki
authors.forename: Mostafa Akbari
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Qomi
authors.forename: Zamberi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sekawi
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001431:Bacteriological Techniques; D017291:Clarithromycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000382:microbiology*; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D017291:Clarithromycin