title: Bond strength comparison of color-change adhesives for orthodontic bonding using a self-etching primer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to compare the shear bond strengths of two color-change adhesives with a commonly used conventional light-cure adhesive while using a self-etching primer, and to compare any changes in shear bond strengths over time.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and eighty extracted bovine incisors were randomly divided into nine groups of 20 teeth each. The teeth were prepared with a self-etching primer (Transbond™ Plus) Metal lower incisor brackets were bonded directly to each tooth with two different color-change adhesives (TransbondPlus and Grēngloo™) and a control (Transbond XT). The teeth were debonded at three different time points (15 minutes, 24 hours, 1 week) using an Instron at 1.0 mm/min. The teeth that were to be debonded at 24 hours and 1 week were stored in distilled water at 37°C to simulate the oral environment. The data were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance and with Fisher's protected least-significant difference multiple comparisons test at the P < 0.05 level of significance. Adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores were calculated for each debonded tooth.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Transbond Plus at 1 week had the highest mean shear bond strength (14.7 mPa). Grēngloo tested at 24 hours had the lowest mean shear bond strength (11.3 mPa). The mean shear bond strengths for the remaining seven groups had a range of 12-14.5 mPa. Grēngloo had >80% samples presenting with an ARI score of 1 at all times. Interestingly, both Transbond groups had ARI scores of 3 in more than 50% of their samples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Time had no significant effect on the mean shear bond strength of Transbond XT, Grēngloo, or Transbond Plus adhesive.
authors.affiliation: Houston Department of Orthodontics, The University of Texas Dental Branch, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ekhlassi
authors.forename: Jeryl D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: English
authors.forename: Joe C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Ontiveros
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Powers
authors.forename: Harry I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Bussa
authors.forename: Gary N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Frey
authors.forename: Clark D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Colville
authors.forename: Randy K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Ellis
keywords: bond strength; color-change adhesives; orthodontic bonding; self-etching primer