title: Plasma levels and potential roles of catestatin in patients with coronary heart disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Catestatin (CST) is a new endogenous neuropeptide with a potent catecholamine release-inhibitory activity. This study was to investigate plasma CST levels in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and to determine the clinical significance of plasma CST in cardiovascular events.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 120 CHD patients and 30 age/sex-matched healthy subjects were enrolled. Plasma CST level was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and norepinephrine (NE) level was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Clinical and laboratory data during hospitalization were collected, and a follow-up of 1045 days was carried out.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with controls, CHD patients had significantly higher plasma CST and NE levels on admission. ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients had higher CST levels than angina pectoris patients had, but CST/NE ratios were unchanged among controls and different CHD subgroups. Plasma NE was the only independent factor associated with CST. As a dichotomous variable divided by the median value, plasma CST on admission was not associated with adverse cardiovascular events.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Plasma CST level was positively correlated with that of NE and was elevated in parallel with that of NE in the different myocardial ischemia states. Plasma CST on admission was neither associated with adverse cardiac events nor was there any significant relationship between plasma CST and onset of new cardiovascular events. The pathophysiological role of CST in CHD needs further studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P. R.China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Wenhui
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Libin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Yongzheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.forename: Chaoshu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D053379:Chromogranin A / Q000097:blood*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D053379:Chromogranin A; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C109084:chromogranin A (344-364); D009638:Norepinephrine