title: Direct analyte-probed nanoextraction coupled to nanospray ionization-mass spectrometry of drug residues from latent fingerprints.
abstract: Here, we present a method of extracting drug residues from fingerprints via Direct Analyte-Probed Nanoextraction coupled to nanospray ionization-mass spectrometry (DAPNe-NSI-MS). This instrumental technique provides higher selectivity and lower detection limits over current methods, greatly reducing sample preparation, and does not compromise the integrity of latent fingerprints. This coupled to Raman microscopy is an advantageous supplement for location and identification of trace particles. DAPNe uses a nanomanipulator for extraction and differing microscopies for localization of chemicals of interest. A capillary tip with solvent of choice is placed in a nanopositioner. The surface to be analyzed is placed under a microscope, and a particle of interest is located. Using a pressure injector, the solvent is injected onto the surface where it dissolves the analyte, and then extracted back into the capillary tip. The solution is then directly analyzed via NSI-MS. Analyses of caffeine, cocaine, crystal methamphetamine, and ecstasy have been performed successfully.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle 305070, Denton, TX 76203, USA.
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Clemons
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wiley
authors.forename: Kristin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Waverka
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dziekonski
authors.forename: Guido F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Verbeck
mesh_terms: D002110:Caffeine / Q000032:analysis; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000032:analysis; D003042:Cocaine / Q000032:analysis; D003878:Dermatoglyphics; D003932:Heroin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008694:Methamphetamine / Q000032:analysis; D008853:Microscopy; D018817:N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine / Q000032:analysis; D036103:Nanotechnology; D009294:Narcotics / Q000032:analysis*; D012629:Sebum / Q000737:chemistry; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman; D013542:Sweat / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D009294:Narcotics; D002110:Caffeine; D008694:Methamphetamine; D003932:Heroin; D003042:Cocaine; D018817:N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine
keywords: Direct Analyte-Probed Nanoextraction; Raman spectroscopy; electrospray ionization; forensic science; latent fingerprint; mass spectrometry; nanomanipulation; nanospray ionization