title: The contribution of trail making to the prediction of performance-based instrumental activities of daily living in Parkinson's disease without dementia.
abstract: Performance on Part B of the Trail Making Test (TMT) contributes to the prediction of ability to complete instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) in Parkinson's disease (PD). Although this suggests that cognitive flexibility is important in the everyday functioning of individuals with PD, this may not be the case as the TMT is multifactorial, involving motor speed, visual scanning, sequencing, and cognitive flexibility. The purpose of the current study was to determine which elements of the task contribute to the prediction of IADLs in a sample of 30 nondemented individuals with PD. Correlational analyses indicated strong relationships between a performance-based measure of IADLs and measures involving scanning, sequencing, and cognitive flexibility from the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS) TMT. Results from standard regressions indicated that measures of sequencing and level of depression but not scanning, cognitive flexibility, or demographic variables made a significant, independent contribution to the prediction of IADLs. These results suggest that the sequencing element of the TMT is paramount in the prediction of IADLs in PD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Loyola University Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21210-2699, USA. cihigginson@loyola.edu
authors.forename: Christopher I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Higginson
authors.forename: Kimberly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lanni
authors.forename: Karen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Sigvardt
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Disbrow
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000523:psychology*; D000368:Aged; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D056344:Executive Function; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000523:psychology*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D014145:Trail Making Test