title: Injury initiates unfavourable weight gain and obesity markers in youth.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to examine the association of knee injuries with subsequent changes in body mass index and body composition during maturation in young females.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective longitudinal study design was employed to evaluate young females active in soccer or basketball (N=862). Participants who completed at least 1-year follow-up to provide consecutive annual measures of BMIZ and %fat were included in the study analysis to determine the effect of knee injuries on the trajectory of these obesity markers in youth.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 71 reported knee injuries, 12 (17%) occurred in athletes at the prepubertal stage, 24 (34%) in athletes at the pubertal stage, and 35 (49%) in postpubertal athletes. Controlling for the effects of maturation, female athletes who reported knee injury demonstrated a greater yearly increase in BMIZ (LS means and 95% CI for the injured group=0.039 (-0.012 to 0.089), for the non-injured group=-0.019 (-0.066 to 0.029), and group difference=0.057 (0.005 to 0.11), p=0.03) and in %body fat (LS means and 95% CI for the injured group=1.05 (0.45 to 1.65), for the non-injured group=0.22 (-0.21 to 0.064), and group difference=0.83 (0.21 to 1.45), p=0.009), compared to those without knee injuries. This indicates that the athletes with knee injuries will increase their body mass index percentile by up to 5 units more than someone of the same age without an injury, and in body fat by up to 1.5%, compared to their non-injured peers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present findings indicate that knee injury during the growing years may be associated with unfavourable changes in body composition.
authors.affiliation: Division of Sports Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA Athletic Training Division, School of Allied Medical Professions, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Gregory D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Myer
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Exercise Science, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey, USA.
authors.forename: Avery D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Faigenbaum
authors.affiliation: Division of Sports Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA Division of Health Sciences, Department of Athletic Training, College of Mount St. Joseph, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Kim Barber
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Foss
authors.affiliation: Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Yingying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Khoury
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Lawrence M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Dolan
authors.affiliation: Division of Sports Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Teri M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: McCambridge
authors.affiliation: Division of Sports Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA Departments of Physiology and Cell Biology, Family Medicine and of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Timothy E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Hewett
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology; D001490:Basketball / Q000293:injuries*; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007718:Knee Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009765:Obesity / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011627:Puberty / Q000502:physiology; D012916:Soccer / Q000293:injuries*; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Food intake/body weight regulation; Injury Prevention; Sporting injuries; Women in sport