title: Long-term outcome of male genital reconstruction in childhood.
abstract: Hypospadias, epispadias with or without exstrophy, and disorders of sex development are among the most common anomalies of genitalia that occur during childhood. Considering the tremendous effect of genitourinary reconstruction on adult life, the evaluation of the long-term results of different techniques of genitoplasty in pediatrics is of the utmost importance. After reviewing the literature, the authors summarize the available long-term outcomes of genitoplasty in childhood, specifically focusing on the cosmetic, psychosocial, psychosexual and functional results, and emphasize that, contrary to the widely available data on early outcomes of genital reconstruction in the pediatric population, very few well described controlled studies have evaluated the long-term effect of genitoplasty in puberty and adulthood, in the sense that the surgeon should describe the peroperative findings in more detail and also be more structured in evaluating the postoperative result at follow-up visits. Finally, the authors conclude that more attention should be paid to the impact of these techniques on cosmetic aspects and psychosexual development in these patients after puberty, as they play a crucial role in their adult quality of life.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Urology, Brady Urological Institute, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Electronic address: alitourchi@pedurol.com.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tourchi
authors.forename: Piet
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hoebeke
mesh_terms: D001746:Bladder Exstrophy / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D012734:Disorders of Sex Development / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D011606:Psychosexual Development; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Bladder exstrophy; Disorders of sexual development; Genitalia; Hypospadias