title: Incidence of and risk factors for active tuberculosis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients in South Korea.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In South Korea, a high-income country with an intermediate tuberculosis (TB) burden and low human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence, studies on incidence and risk factors of TB in HIV-infected persons have rarely been reported.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the incidence of and risk factors for active TB in HIV-infected persons in South Korea.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis was conducted of 1265 HIV-1 infected patients who visited four hospitals in South Korea between 1985 and 2012. We analysed the incidence of TB during the follow-up period. To investigate risk factors associated with active TB, we conducted a 1:2 matched case-control study of HIV-infected patients with newly active TB and controls without active TB who had similar CD4(+) T-cell counts and dates of first visit.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over a total of 4457 person-years (py), 185 (14.6%) subjects were diagnosed with active TB; the incidence was 4.2 cases/100 py. In multivariate analysis, low body mass index (P = 0.033) and current smoking (P = 0.003) were independent risk factors for TB in HIV-infected patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Further strategies on prevention and treatment of active TB among HIV-infected patients should be implemented in South Korea. Encouraging smoking cessation and supporting good nutrition may be ways to reduce the incidence of active TB in HIV-infected patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and AIDS Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: N S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Ku
authors.forename: Y H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Y K
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology