title: Increased frequency of cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14+) monocytes expressing interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) in Alzheimer's disease patients and intermediate levels in late-onset depression patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Depression might be a prodromal stage of dementia. Many factors contribute to the etiology of depression and dementia, being inflammation one of those. The present work measured and analyzed immune molecules involved in the innate immunity on cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14+) monocytes trying to investigate any relationship among late-onset depression (LOD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Immune molecules were evaluated in monocytes of AD, LOD patients, and controls using flow cytometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Interestingly, interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) expressing CD14+ monocytes were increased in AD patients compared with controls. LOD presented intermediate frequency of CD14+ monocytes expressing IL-1β between controls and AD patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggest that an increased frequency of CD14+ monocytes expressing IL-1β level could be a stage marker related to the pathophysiology of dementia process between normal aging and AD.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Saúde Mental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Karen Cecília
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.forename: Giselle Sabrina
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.forename: Carolina Maciel
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Fiamoncini
authors.forename: Vitor Bortolo
authors.initials: VB
authors.lastname: Rezende
authors.forename: Patrícia Araújo
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Maria Aparecida
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bicalho
authors.forename: Edgar Nunes
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Moraes
authors.forename: Marco Aurélio
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Romano-Silva
mesh_terms: D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000276:immunology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000502:physiology; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism*; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors
keywords: Alzheimer disease; IL-1beta; late -onset depression