title: Ballet dancers cardiorespiratory, oxidative and muscle damage responses to classes and rehearsals.
abstract: This study aimed to describe and compare ballet dancers' cardiorespiratory responses, muscle damage and oxidative stress levels during a ballet class (practice of isolated ballet exercises performed with barre/hand-rail support and across-the-floor movements to improve technical skills) and rehearsal (practice of ballet choreography involving technical-artistic skills to improve dancers' performance for shows). The 12 advanced female ballet dancers undertook three exercise sessions: maximum effort test, class and rehearsal. Heart rate (HR) and oxygen consumption (VO2) were continuously measured. Lactate was determined before 15 min and after class and rehearsal. Blood was sampled pre, post and 48 h after class and rehearsal for creatine kinase (CK), lipid peroxides (LPO) and glutathione analysis (GSSG/GSH). Class was of lower intensity than rehearsal as shown by VO2, HR and lactate values: VO2 (mL.kg(-1).min(-1)): 14.5±2.1 vs. 19.1±1.7 (p < 0.001); HR (bpm.min(-1)): 145.7±17.9 vs. 174.5±13.8 (p < 0.001); lactate (mmol.L(-1)): 4.2±1.1 vs. 5.5±2.7 (p = 0.049). CK (IU) increased following class and rehearsal, remaining high 48 h after: class (pre = 109.3±48.5; post = 144±60; 48 h = 117.2±64.6); rehearsal (pre = 78.6±52.1; post = 122±70.7; 48 h = 104.9±89.5). LPO (µM) increased from pre-class (1.27±0.19) to post-class (1.41±0.19) and went down after 48 h (1.20±0.22). No LPO time-course changes followed the rehearsal. GSSG/GSH decreased 48 h after class and rehearsal. Greater increases in LPO post-class suggest it promotes CK release by an oxidative membrane-damage mechanism. Physiological increases of LPO and CK in class indicate it prepares the dancers for exercise-induced oxidative stress and muscle damage during rehearsals. Ballet dancers' muscle damage and oxidative stress responses seem not to be dependent on exercise intensity based on VO2 responses.
authors.affiliation: a Physical Education School , Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre/RS , Brazil.
authors.forename: Josianne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rodrigues-Krause
authors.forename: Mauricio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krause
authors.forename: Giovani Dos Santos
authors.initials: Gdos S
authors.lastname: Cunha
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Perin
authors.forename: Jocelito B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.forename: Cristine Lima
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Alberton
authors.forename: Maximiliano I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Schaun
authors.forename: Paulo Ivo Homem
authors.initials: PI
authors.lastname: De Bittencourt
authors.forename: Alvaro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reischak-Oliveira
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood; D003615:Dancing / Q000502:physiology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005978:Glutathione / Q000097:blood; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008054:Lipid Peroxides / Q000097:blood; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000293:injuries; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D008054:Lipid Peroxides; D003402:Creatine Kinase; D005978:Glutathione