title: White button, portabella, and shiitake mushroom supplementation up-regulates interleukin-23 secretion in acute dextran sodium sulfate colitis C57BL/6 mice and murine macrophage J.744.1 cell line.
abstract: Interleukin-23 (IL-23), a cytokine produced primarily by dendritic cells, is involved in host defense against gut pathogens and promotes innate immunity and inflammatory responses through the IL-23/interleukin-17 axis. We previously reported that extracts from edible mushrooms enhanced antimicrobial α-defensin production n HL60 cells. Because IL-23 is involved in defensin production, we hypothesized that edible mushrooms may modulate its secretion and gut inflammation. Eight-week-old C57BL/6 mice were fed the AIN76 diet or the same diet supplemented with 5% white button (WBM), portabella, or shiitake mushrooms. To assess in vivo and in vitro cytokine secretion, 7 to 8 mice per group received 3% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in drinking water during the last 5 days of the 6-week feeding period. To delineate the mechanisms by which mushrooms alter IL-23 secretion, J.744.1 cells were incubated with (100 μg/mL) WBM, portabella, and shiitake extracts without and with 100 μg/mL curdlan (a dectin-1 agonist) or 1 mg/mL laminarin (a dectin-1 antagonist). The dectin-1 receptor is a pattern-recognition receptor found in phagocytes, and its activation promotes antimicrobial innate immunity and inflammatory responses. In DSS-untreated mice, mushrooms significantly increased IL-23 plasma levels but decreased those of interleukin-6 (IL-6) (P < .05). In DSS-treated mice, mushroom-supplemented diets increased IL-6 and IL-23 levels (P < .05). Mushroom extracts potentiated curdlan-induced IL-23 secretion, and mushroom-induced IL-23 secretion was not blocked by laminarin in vitro, suggesting the involvement of both dectin-1-dependent and dectin-1-independent pathways. Although all mushrooms tended to increase IL-6 in the colon, only WBM and shiitake tended to increase IL-23 levels. These data suggest that edible mushrooms may enhance gut immunity through IL-23.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Oklahoma State University (OSU), Stillwater, OK 74078, USA. lchandra@tulane.edu
authors.forename: Lawrance C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Chandra
authors.forename: Djibril
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Traoré
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: French
authors.forename: Denver
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Marlow
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: D'Offay
authors.forename: Stephen L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.forename: Brenda J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Solo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuvibidila
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D003092:Colitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism*; D016264:Dextran Sulfate / Q000009:adverse effects; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D005936:Glucans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000378:metabolism; D053759:Interleukin-23 / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D037181:Lectins, C-Type / Q000819:agonists; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009929:Organ Size; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D012044:Regression Analysis; D020942:Shiitake Mushrooms / Q000737:chemistry*; D013950:Thymus Gland / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation; D047071:beta-Glucans / Q000494:pharmacology; D000099181:Dectin-1
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D016264:Dextran Sulfate; D005936:Glucans; D020381:Interleukin-17; D053759:Interleukin-23; D015850:Interleukin-6; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D011134:Polysaccharides; D047071:beta-Glucans; D000099181:Dectin-1; C038459:curdlan; C008247:laminaran