title: Treatment of spondyloarthropathy: the potential for agents other than TNF inhibitors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Inhibitors of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) have demonstrated dramatic clinical efficacy in patients with spondyloarthropathy (SpA). However, not all patients respond, and some patients who initially improve, subsequently lose response. Therefore, there is still an unmet clinical need for additional therapies. Herein we describe the recent data on newer treatments for SpA patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatments targeting various cytokines, cell surface molecules, and signaling molecules have been assessed. The effects of taregeting B cells with rituximab, T-cell costimulation with abatacept, and interleukin (IL)-6 with tocilizumab have been disappointing in ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Abatacept appears to have a modest effect in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Targeting IL-17 with secukinumab, IL-12/23 with ustekinumab, and phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) with apremilast may prove to be promising treatments for SpA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are several newer therapies that may emerge for SpA, particularly those targeting IL-17, IL-23/IL-12, and PDE4.
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, Pusan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Busan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Minyoung
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Her
authors.forename: Arthur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kavanaugh
mesh_terms: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015535:Arthritis, Psoriatic / Q000276:immunology; D001688:Biological Products / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007378:Interleukins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy / Q000379:methods; D058988:Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D025242:Spondylarthropathies / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D013167:Spondylitis, Ankylosing / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D001688:Biological Products; D007378:Interleukins; D058988:Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha