title: Modulation of cell viability, oxidative stress, calcium homeostasis, and voltage- and ligand-gated ion channels as common mechanisms of action of (mixtures of) non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers.
abstract: Non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (NDL-PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are environmental pollutants that exert neurodevelopmental and neurobehavioral effects in vivo in humans and animals. Acute in vitro neurotoxic effects include changes in cell viability, oxidative stress, and basal intracellular calcium levels. Though these acute cellular effects could partly explain the observed in vivo effects, other mechanisms, such as effects on calcium influx and neurotransmitter receptor function, likely contribute to the disturbance in neurotransmission. This concise review combines in vitro data on cell viability, oxidative stress and basal calcium levels with recent data that clearly demonstrate that (hydroxylated) PCBs and (hydroxylated) PBDEs can exert acute effects on voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels as well as on excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter receptors in vitro. These novel mechanisms of action are shared by NDL-PCBs, OH-PBDEs, and some other persistent organic pollutants, such as tetrabromobisphenol-A, and could have profound effects on neurodevelopment, neurotransmission, and neurobehavior in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Neurotoxicology Research Group, Toxicology Division, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.177, 3508 TD, Utrecht, The Netherlands, r.westerink@uu.nl.
authors.forename: Remco H S
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Westerink
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002470:Cell Survival; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers / Q000633:toxicity*; D015386:Hazardous Substances / Q000633:toxicity*; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D058446:Ligand-Gated Ion Channels / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011075:Polybrominated Biphenyls; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D015386:Hazardous Substances; D058446:Ligand-Gated Ion Channels; D011075:Polybrominated Biphenyls; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls; C020806:tetrabromobisphenol A; D002118:Calcium