title: Validation of a Swedish version of the Facial Disability Index (FDI) and the Facial Clinimetric Evaluation (FaCE) scale.
abstract: CONCLUSIONS
  Swedish versions of the Facial Disability Index (FDI) and Facial Clinimetric Evaluation (FaCE) scale are psychometrically valid. Both questionnaires can be used for clinical studies on peripheral facial palsy patients, and provide important information on quality of life.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To translate and validate Swedish versions of the FDI and FaCE scale in patients with peripheral facial palsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Translation of the original questionnaires followed international guidelines. Internal consistency and test-retest stability were assessed in adult patients with stable peripheral facial palsy. Facial function was examined with the Sunnybrook and House-Brackmann scales. Subjects answered the questionnaires twice with a 2-week interval. Validity was assessed by comparing FDI and FaCE scale scores to SF-36 and Sunnybrook/House-Brackmann scores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-three patients were included, 53% women and 47% men, mean age 56.9 years and mean duration of palsy 51.9 months. The questionnaires showed good/excellent psychometric properties with Cronbach's α scores between 0.76 and 0.92. In the test-retest analysis, intra-class correlation coefficients were very good for both questionnaires with scores of 0.83-0.97. Both questionnaires showed good sensitivity to discriminate between patients with varying degrees of facial dysfunction. Moderate to strong correlation was found between the social domains in the questionnaires when compared with the equivalent domains in SF-36.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital and CLINTEC, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. elin.marsk@karolinska.se
authors.forename: Elin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Marsk
authors.forename: Lalle
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hammarstedt-Nordenvall
authors.forename: Mats
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Engström
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jonsson
authors.forename: Malou
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hultcrantz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005158:Facial Paralysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013548:Sweden