title: Reductive stress in young healthy individuals at risk of Alzheimer disease.
abstract: Oxidative stress is a hallmark of Alzheimer disease (AD) but this has not been studied in young healthy persons at risk of the disease. Carrying an Apo ε4 allele is the major genetic risk factor for AD. We have observed that lymphocytes from young, healthy persons carrying at least one Apo ε4 allele suffer from reductive rather than oxidative stress, i.e., lower oxidized glutathione and P-p38 levels and higher expression of enzymes involved in antioxidant defense, such as glutamylcysteinyl ligase and glutathione peroxidase. In contrast, in the full-blown disease, the situation is reversed and oxidative stress occurs, probably because of the exhaustion of the antioxidant mechanisms just mentioned. These results provide insights into the early events of the progression of the disease that may allow us to find biomarkers of AD at its very early stages.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, and Fundacion Investigacion Hospital Clinico Universitario/INCLIVA, Valencia 46010, Spain.
authors.forename: Mari-Carmen
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Badía
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Giraldo
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dasí
authors.forename: Dolores
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Alonso
authors.forename: Jose M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lainez
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lloret
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Viña
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D053327:Apolipoprotein E4 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D005978:Glutathione / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D053327:Apolipoprotein E4; D015415:Biomarkers; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D005978:Glutathione
keywords: Antioxidants; Apo E4; Free radicals; Glutathione; Oxidative stress