title: Role of transient receptor potential ion channels and evoked levels of neuropeptides in a formaldehyde-induced model of asthma in BALB/c mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Asthma is a complex pulmonary inflammatory disease characterized by the hyper-responsiveness, remodeling and inflammation of airways. Formaldehyde is a common indoor air pollutant that can cause asthma in people experiencing long-term exposure. The irritant effect and adjuvant effect are the two possible pathways of formaldehyde promoted asthma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  To explore the neural mechanisms and adjuvant effect of formaldehyde, 48 Balb/c mice in six experimental groups were exposed to (a) vehicle control; (b) ovalbumin; (c) formaldehyde (3.0 mg/m(3)); (d) ovalbumin+formaldehyde (3.0 mg/m(3)); (e) ovalbumin+formaldehyde (3.0 mg/m(3))+HC-030031 (transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 antagonist); (f) ovalbumin+formaldehyde (3.0 mg/m(3))+ capsazepine (transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 antagonist). Experiments were conducted after 4 weeks of combined exposure and 1-week challenge with aerosolized ovalbumin. Airway hyper-responsiveness, pulmonary tissue damage, eosinophil infiltration, and increased levels of interleukin-4, interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, immunoglobulin E, substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide in lung tissues were found in the ovalbumin+formaldehyde (3.0 mg/m(3)) group compared with the values seen in ovalbumin -only immunized mice. Except for interleukin-1β levels, other changes in the levels of biomarker could be inhibited by HC-030031 and capsazepine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Formaldehyde might be a key risk factor for the rise in asthma cases. Transient receptor potential ion channels and neuropeptides have important roles in formaldehyde promoted-asthma.
authors.affiliation: Section of Environmental Biomedicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Huihui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: You
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Jinquan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Xudong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Hanchao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Ruchong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Kefang
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000083:Acetanilides / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001249:Asthma / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D002211:Capsaicin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005557:Formaldehyde / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D010047:Ovalbumin / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D011687:Purines / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D013373:Substance P / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D050051:Transient Receptor Potential Channels / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C552888:2-(1,3-dimethyl-2,6-dioxo-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-7H-purin-7-yl)-N-(4-isopropylphenyl)acetamide; D000083:Acetanilides; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D009479:Neuropeptides; D011687:Purines; D050051:Transient Receptor Potential Channels; D005557:Formaldehyde; D015847:Interleukin-4; D013373:Substance P; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D010047:Ovalbumin; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide; C071423:capsazepine; D002211:Capsaicin