title: Serological diagnosis of liver metastasis in patients with breast cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To diagnose and explore the serological diagnostic factors for liver metastasis in patients with breast cancer before symptoms occur.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 430 female in-patients with breast cancer of stages 0 to IIIC who came to Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital from January 2003 to January 2004 were studied and followed up until May 2011. Serum levels of biochemical markers for tumor and liver were measured at the time of diagnosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Liver metastasis was more likely to occur in patients with stage III cancer or c-erbB-2-positive expression. Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and carbohydrate antigen 153 (CA153) levels were significantly higher in patients with liver metastasis than those without liver metastasis. Diagnostic indices of LDH, GGT, and CA153 were 174 U/L, 32 U/L, and 26.48 µg/L, respectively. The areas under the curves of LDH, GGT, and CEA were 0.795, 0.784, and 0.661, respectively, and sensitivities of parallel tests for LDH and CA153 and for GGT and CA153 were 88.6% and 85.7%, respectively. The specificity of serial tests for both pairs of enzymes was 97.7%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The sensitivity and specificity of combined tumor and biochemical markers could be used as indicators during screening for breast-liver metastasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrated TCM and Western Medicine, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 30060, China.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Li-Ping
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Wang
keywords: breast neoplasms; gamma-glutamyltransferase; liver; neoplasm metastasis; oxidoreductases