title: Expression of cathepsin K and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase is not confined to osteoclasts but is a general feature of multinucleated giant cells: systematic analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cathepsin K and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) are two proteins expressed in osteoclastic giant cells. Recently we showed that lesional multinucleated giant cells (MNGs) in pulmonary granulomatosis with polyangiitis expressed these proteins. We aimed to clarify whether the expression of these two proteins has any specificity or is a general feature of MNGs associated with multiple types of granulomatous inflammation.
  
  
  METHODS
  In total, 7 Crohn's disease (CD), 5 GCA, 5 giant cell myocarditis (GCM), 11 sarcoidosis and 6 tuberculosis cases were examined for expression of cathepsin K and TRAP using immunohistochemistry (IHC). Protein expression was semi-quantitatively classified as none, weak, moderate or strong. In addition, tissue TRAP activity was examined using an enzymatic reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The expression of cathepsin K was robust in >95% of MNGs of all examined disease groups, whereas TRAP expression varied; CD, GCA and tuberculosis showed strong TRAP expression. TRAP expression in sarcoidosis and GCM was weaker (CD vs GCM, P = 0.04; CD vs sarcoidosis, P = 0.06). Compared with IHC, TRAP detection using an enzymatic colour reaction had limited sensitivity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Expression of TRAP and cathepsin K is a general feature of MNGs and their expression might be related to histopathological pattern.
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
authors.forename: Jin Kyun
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Antony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rosen
authors.forename: Jeffrey E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Saffitz
authors.forename: Angeliki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Asimaki
authors.forename: Silvio H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Litovsky
authors.forename: Shannon M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Mackey-Bojack
authors.forename: Marc K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Halushka
mesh_terms: D000135:Acid Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D056657:Cathepsin K / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D015726:Giant Cells / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism*; D009205:Myocarditis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D016612:Paraffin Embedding; D012507:Sarcoidosis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D000071681:Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D007527:Isoenzymes; D000135:Acid Phosphatase; D000071681:Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; D056657:Cathepsin K
keywords: autoimmune; cathepsin K; granulomas; multinucleated giant cells; myocarditis; sarcoidosis; tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase