title: Benefits of combining inspiratory muscle with 'whole muscle' training in children with cystic fibrosis: a randomised controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study (randomised controlled trial) was to assess the effects of an 8-week combined 'whole muscle' (resistance+aerobic) and inspiratory muscle training (IMT) on lung volume, inspiratory muscle strength (PImax) and cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2 peak) (primary outcomes), and dynamic muscle strength, body composition and quality of life in paediatric outpatients with CF (cystic fibrosis, secondary outcomes). We also determined the effects of a detraining period.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were randomly allocated with a block on gender to a control (standard therapy) or intervention group (initial n=10 (6 boys) in each group; age 10±1 and 11±1 years). The latter group performed a combined programme (IMT (2 sessions/day) and aerobic+strength exercises (3 days/week, in-hospital)) that was followed by a 4-week detraining period. All participants were evaluated at baseline, post-training and detraining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adherence to the training programme averaged 97.5%±1.7%. There was a significant interaction (group×time) effect for PImax, VO2peak and five-repetition maximum strength (leg-press, bench-press, seated-row) (all (p<0.001), and also for %fat (p<0.023) and %fat-free mass (p=0.001), with training exerting a significant beneficial effect only in the intervention group, which was maintained after detraining for PImax and leg-press.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The relatively short-term (8-week) training programme used here induced significant benefits in important health phenotypes of paediatric patients with CF. IMT is an easily applicable intervention that could be included, together with supervised exercise training in the standard care of these patients.
authors.affiliation: School of Doctorate Studies and Research, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Santana-Sosa
authors.affiliation: School of Doctorate Studies and Research, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Saiz
authors.affiliation: Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Iris F
authors.initials: IF
authors.lastname: Groeneveld
authors.affiliation: Department of Pneumology, Hospital 'Nino Jesus' of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: José R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Villa-Asensi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pneumology, Hospital 'Nino Jesus' of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: María I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Barrio Gómez de Aguero
authors.affiliation: Department of Health, Exercise Science and Sport Management, University of Wisconsin-Parkside, Kenosha, Wisconsin, USA.
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Fleck
authors.affiliation: School of Doctorate Studies and Research, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Luis M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: López-Mojares
authors.affiliation: School of Doctorate Studies and Research, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Margarita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pérez
authors.affiliation: School of Doctorate Studies and Research, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Spain Instituto de Investigación i+12, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lucia
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000628:therapy*; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D011788:Quality of Life; D012132:Respiratory Muscles / Q000502:physiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Aerobic fitness/Vo2 Max; Children; Children and exercise; Children's health and exercise