title: Correlation between ankle-brachial index and microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Microalbuminuria is a reliable marker of diabetic nephropathy. Establishment of peripheral vascular complications leads to early diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of renal and cardiovascular complications. This study investigated the value of ankle-brachial index (ABI) for prediction of microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Measurement of ABI with color Doppler ultrasonography was carried out for 206 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. An ABI Index less than 0.9 was defined as a predictive marker for atherosclerosis. Microalbuminuria and risk factors of atherosclerosis were compared between the patients categorized based on the ABI values.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean ABI was 1.1 ± 0.2 (range, 0.052 to 1.6), and 41 (20%) had an abnormal ABI (< 0.9). The correlations were significant between abnormal ABI and duration of disease (P = .04), cardiovascular event and cardiac care unit admission (P = .001), hypertension (P = .01), and dyslipidemia (P = .01). There was a significant correlation between ABI and microalbuminuria (odds ratio, 0.05; 95% confidence interval, 0.038 to 0.630; P < .001). A cutoff point of an ABI less than or equal to 1.04 had a sensitivity of 71.6% and a specificity of 64.2% for prediction of microalbuminuria.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ABI is a noninvasive and reliable assay for detection of peripheral and cardiovascular complications, and also early stage of nephropathy in diabetic patients. In patients with an abnormal ABI, long-term follow-up for earlier detection and prevention of complications is helpful.
authors.affiliation: Nephrology and Kidney Transplant Research Center and Department of Nephrology, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran. makhdoomikhadijeh@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Khadijeh
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Makhdoomi
authors.forename: Afshin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mohammadi
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yekta
authors.forename: Mohammad Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Aghasi
authors.forename: Nader
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zamani
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vossughian
mesh_terms: D000419:Albuminuria / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D055109:Ankle Brachial Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color