title: In vivo animal stroke models: a rationale for rodent and non-human primate models.
abstract: On average, every four minutes an individual dies from a stroke, accounting for 1 out of every 18 deaths in the United States. Approximately 795,000 Americans have a new or recurrent stroke each year, with just over 600,000 of these being first attack [1]. There have been multiple animal models of stroke demonstrating that novel therapeutics can help improve the clinical outcome. However, these results have failed to show the same outcomes when tested in human clinical trials. This review will discuss the current in vivo animal models of stroke, advantages and limitations, and the rationale for employing these animal models to satisfy translational gating items for examination of neuroprotective, as well as neurorestorative strategies in stroke patients. An emphasis in the present discussion of therapeutics development is given to stem cell therapy for stroke.
authors.affiliation: Center of Excellence for Aging & Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida USA.
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tajiri
authors.forename: Travis
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dailey
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Metcalf
authors.forename: Yusef I
authors.initials: YI
authors.lastname: Mosley
authors.forename: Tsz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: Meaghan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Staples
authors.forename: Harry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: van Loveren
authors.forename: Seung U
authors.initials: SU
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Tetsumori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamashima
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yasuhara
authors.forename: Isao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Date
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kaneko
authors.forename: Cesario V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Borlongan
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D017690:Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000150:complications; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000150:complications; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000150:complications; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications; D011323:Primates; D012377:Rodentia; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations
keywords: animals; basic research; cerebral ischemia; clinical application; translational