title: The SUMOylation of zinc-fingers and homeoboxes 1 (ZHX1) by Ubc9 regulates its stability and transcriptional repression activity.
abstract: Zinc-fingers and homeoboxes protein 1 (ZHX1) belongs to the ZF (zinc-fingers) class of homeodomain transcription factors, and its function remains largely unknown. ZHX1 has been previously found to interact with the activation domain of the nuclear factor Y subunit A (NFYA) and to have a transcriptional repression activity. Here, we report that the SUMO-E2 conjugating enzyme Ubc9 was identified to interact with ZHX1 by an interaction screen using a yeast two-hybrid system. This interaction was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation and co-localization assays. Further study showed that ZHX1 is SUMOylated by Ubc9 with SUMO1 at the sites K159, K454, and K626. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the SUMOylation of ZHX1 regulated the stability, ubiquitination and transcriptional activity of ZHX1.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Virology and the Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China.
authors.forename: Shuliang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Quan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.forename: Lixin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Deyin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Guo
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D011485:Protein Binding; D058207:Sumoylation; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020798:Two-Hybrid System Techniques; D044763:Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000098843:Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzyme UBC9
chemical_list: D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; C484404:ZHX1 protein, human; D044763:Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes; D000098843:Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzyme UBC9
keywords: SUMO; SUMOYLATION; TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVITY; ZHX1