title: The ameliorative effect of various antioxidants on Adriamycin-induced fetal renal abnormalities.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the efficacy of nine antiapoptotic compounds in preventing the development of Adriamycin-induced fetal renal abnormalities or ameliorating the resultant renal damage in a rat model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-three Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham-control, Adriamycin and prevention groups. The prevention group was divided into 9 subgroups. The rats were time mated and experimental rats were injected with Adriamycin on gestational day 7-9. Sham-control rats were injected with saline on the same days. The preventive medications were administered to the prevention group from 7 days prior to mating to the end of pregnancy. Samples were prepared from fetuses for histological and biochemical analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 331 fetuses were recovered. There were no resorptions in the Deferoxamine, Amifostine and sham-control groups. Significant decrease of antioxidant activities was noted in the Adriamycin group compared to the sham-control group. In all prevention groups, antioxidant activities were significantly increased compared to the Adriamycin group. The highest rate of hydronephrosis was observed in the Adriamycin group (82%). The lowest rates of renal abnormalities were noted with Deferoxamine and Amifostine: 8% and 11%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oxidant injury plays a critical role in the development and progression of Adriamycin-induced fetal renal abnormalities. Some antiapoptotic medications, notably Deferoxamine and Amifostine, may have preventive and therapeutic potential in the management of fetal renal abnormalities.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Urology Research Center, Department of Pediatric Urology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: kajbafzd@sina.tums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Abdol-Mohammad
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kajbafzadeh
authors.forename: Nastaran
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sabetkish
authors.forename: Shabnam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sabetkish
authors.forename: Niloufar
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Javan-Farazmand
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Harsini
authors.forename: Seyyed-Mohammad
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Tavangar
mesh_terms: D004999:Amifostine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000633:toxicity; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003676:Deferoxamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006869:Hydronephrosis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007668:Kidney / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000187:drug effects; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017262:Siderophores / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D000975:Antioxidants; D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents; D017262:Siderophores; D004317:Doxorubicin; D003676:Deferoxamine; D004999:Amifostine
keywords: Adriamycin rat model; Antiapoptotic medications; Prevention; Treatment