title: The long-term effects of active training strategies on improving older drivers' scanning in intersections: a two-year follow-up to Romoser and Fisher (2009).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the long-term effects of active training on older drivers' scanning in intersections, the present article reports the results of a 2-year followup with drivers who had previously participated the older driver training study reported in Romoser and Fisher.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Customized feedback coupled with active learning in a simulator has been shown to be an effective means of significantly improving the intersection scanning behavior of older drivers. However, the long-term effect of such training has not been established.
  
  
  METHODS
  Older drivers from the active learning and control groups from Romoser and Fisher were invited to participate in a 2-year follow-up field drive in their own vehicle starting at their home. Secondary looks, defined as looking away from the path of the vehicle while entering the intersections toward regions to the side from which other vehicles could appear, were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two years after their training, older drivers in the active learning group still took secondary looks more than one and a half times as often as 2009 pretraining levels. Control group drivers saw no significant change in performance over the 2-year period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Customized feedback and active learning in a simulator is an effective strategy for improving the safe driving habits of older drivers over the long term. It provides drivers a means by which to reincorporate previously extinguished behaviors into their driving habits.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results can guide the development of older driver retraining programs that could have the potential to reduce intersection crashes.
authors.affiliation: University of Massachusetts Amherst, Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, 220 ELAB Building, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA. mromoser@ecs.umass.edu
authors.forename: Matthew R E
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Romoser
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000517:prevention & control; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001288:Attention; D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000193:education* / Q000523:psychology; D001364:Awareness; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D014796:Visual Perception