title: LOX-1 ligands containing apolipoprotein B and carotid intima-media thickness in middle-aged community-dwelling US Caucasian and Japanese men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The serum level of LOX-1 ligand containing ApoB (LAB) may reflect atherogenicity better than LDL cholesterol (LDLC), total LDL particles and usual measurement of oxidized LDL. The association between LAB and intima-media thickness (IMT) of carotid artery was investigated by ultrasound in US and Japan men.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 297 US Caucasian and 310 Japanese men, aged 40-49 years without past history of cardiovascular disease. Serum LAB levels were measured by ELISAs with recombinant LOX-1 and monoclonal anti-apolipoprotein B antibody.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum LAB levels [median (interquartile range), μg/L] were 1321 (936, 1730) in US Caucasians and 940 (688, 1259) in Japanese. For Caucasian men, average IMT was higher in higher LAB quartile, which was 0.653, 0.667, 0.688, and 0.702 mm, respectively (p for trend = 0.02). Linear regression analysis showed serum LAB was significantly associated with IMT after adjustment for LDLC or total LDL particles in addition to other traditional or novel risk factors for atherosclerosis such as C-reactive protein. However, there was no significant relationship between LAB and IMT in Japanese men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum LAB, a new candidate biomarker for residual risk, was associated with an increased carotid IMT in US Caucasian men independently of various risk factors; however, ethnic difference should be clarified in the future.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan. okamura@z6.keio.jp
authors.forename: Tomonori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okamura
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sekikawa
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sawamura
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kadowaki
authors.forename: Emma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Barinas-Mitchell
authors.forename: Rachel H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Mackey
authors.forename: Aya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kadota
authors.forename: Rhobert W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Edmundowicz
authors.forename: Aya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Higashiyama
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Robert D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Abbott
authors.forename: Katsuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miura
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fujiyoshi
authors.forename: Yoshiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: Yoshitaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: Naomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Miyamatsu
authors.forename: Akemi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kakino
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Maegawa
authors.forename: Kiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Murata
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Horie
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mitsunami
authors.forename: Atsunori
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kashiwagi
authors.forename: Lewis H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Kuller
authors.forename: Hirotsugu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ueshima
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000378:metabolism*; D044466:Asian People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008024:Ligands; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012307:Risk Factors; D051127:Scavenger Receptors, Class E / Q000378:metabolism*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D015415:Biomarkers; D008024:Ligands; C495137:OLR1 protein, human; D051127:Scavenger Receptors, Class E