title: Personality traits and chronic disease: implications for adult personality development.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Personality traits have been associated with chronic disease. Less is known about the longitudinal relation between personality and disease and whether chronic disease is associated with changes in personality. Method. Participants from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (N = 2,008) completed the Revised NEO Personality Inventory and a standard medical interview at regularly scheduled visits; the Charlson Comorbidity Index, a weighted sum of 19 serious diseases, was derived from this interview. Using data from 6,685 visits, we tested whether personality increased risk of disease and whether disease was associated with personality change.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Measured concurrently, neuroticism and conscientiousness were associated with greater disease burden. The impulsiveness facet of neuroticism was the strongest predictor of developing disease across the follow-up period: For every standard deviation increase in impulsiveness, there was a 26% increased risk of developing disease and a 36% increased risk of getting more ill. Personality traits changed only modestly with disease: As participants developed chronic illnesses, they became more conservative (decreased openness). Discussion. This research indicates that personality traits confer risk for disease, in part, through health-risk behaviors. These traits, however, were relatively resistant to the effect of serious disease.
authors.affiliation: Correspondence should be addressed to Angelina R. Sutin, Department of Medical Humanities and Social Science, Florida State University College of Medicine, NIH, DHHS, 1115W. Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306. E-mail: angelina.sutin@med.fsu.edu.
authors.forename: Angelina R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Sutin
authors.forename: Alan B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Zonderman
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ferrucci
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Terracciano
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology*; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010551:Personality / Q000502:physiology*; D010553:Personality Development; D010555:Personality Inventory; D012737:Sex Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Disease burden; Illness; Openness; Personality change; Personality traits.