title: Comparative steady-state pharmacokinetic evaluation of immediate-release topiramate and USL255, a once-daily extended-release topiramate formulation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Compare the pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles of immediate- and extended-release formulations of topiramate (TPM) in healthy subjects following multiple dosing, and evaluate maintenance of topiramate exposures after switching formulations.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized, open-label, single-center, two-way crossover, multiple-dose study comparing the steady-state PK profile of once-daily extended-release topiramate (USL255) to immediate-release topiramate (TPM-IR) administered twice-daily. The TPM PK profile was evaluated using standard PK parameters (e.g., AUC0-24 , Cmax , Cmin ) as well as less common PK criteria such as fluctuation index (FI), peak occupancy time (POT), and percent coefficient of variation (%CV). In addition, partial AUC (AUCp ) analyses provided comparisons of the AUC profiles over predetermined time intervals between TPM-IR and USL255. Pharmacokinetic equivalence between formulations was defined as containment of the 90% confidence intervals (CIs) of the USL255/TPM-IR geometric least-squares mean (GLSM) ratio within the equivalence limits of 80-125%. The effect of switching between treatments was assessed by evaluating equivalence of PK parameters between the day prior to formulation switch and the day immediately following formulation switch. Maintenance of steady state after switching formulations was also evaluated by comparing the slope between Cmin values at formulation switch and 24 h postswitch. Tolerability was evaluated through adverse event monitoring, vital sign measurements, and clinical laboratory evaluations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  USL255 was well tolerated and provided TPM plasma exposure equivalent to TPM-IR at various time intervals. USL255 also demonstrated a significantly lower Cmax (p < 0.001) and higher Cmin (p < 0.001), longer tmax , lower %CV, and 26% decreased FI, as compared with TPM-IR. Further, switching between TPM-IR and USL255 did not affect TPM concentrations, including Cmin , immediately after transitioning and at steady state.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As compared with TPM-IR, USL255 provided equivalent plasma exposure with an extended absorption profile. Therefore, USL255 offers a once-daily alternative to twice-daily TPM-IR, with reduced TPM fluctuations.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel. bialer@md.huji.ac.il
authors.forename: Meir
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bialer
authors.forename: Tawfeeq
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shekh-Ahmad
authors.forename: Tricia L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Braun
authors.forename: Mark B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Halvorsen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001682:Biological Availability; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D005260:Female; D005632:Fructose / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013997:Time Factors; D000077236:Topiramate; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D000077236:Topiramate; D005632:Fructose
keywords: Healthy subjects; Pharmacokinetics; Steady state; Topiramate extended-release formulation; USL255