title: Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation supported by novel nonfluoroscopic 4D navigation technology.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The MediGuide technology (MGT) represents a novel sensor-based electromagnetic 4-dimensional (4D) navigation system allowing real-time catheter tracking in the environment of prerecorded X-ray loops.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To report on our clinical experience in atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation with recently available MGT-enabled ablation catheters.
  
  
  METHODS
  The MGT was used in addition to a conventional 3D mapping system in 80 patients with AF (age 61 ± 10 years; 47 men; 40 with persistent AF), who underwent circumferential pulmonary vein isolation and voltage mapping with and without substrate modification. Short native right anterior oblique/left anterior oblique loops were used as background movies for the nonfluoroscopic placement of sensor-equipped diagnostic catheters into the coronary sinus and the right ventricle. After single transseptal puncture, selective angiograms of the pulmonary veins were used as background movies for near nonfluoroscopic left atrial reconstruction. Computed tomography registration as well as mapping/ablation was performed by using the new open-irrigated MGT-enabled ablation catheter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MGT application was not associated with a change in established workflow. Large parts of the procedure (mean entire duration 167 ± 47 minutes) could be done without additional fluoroscopy, whereas median residual fluoroscopy duration of 4.6 (interquartile range: 2.9, 7.1) minutes was mainly used for the acquisition of background loops, transseptal puncture, occasional verification of transseptal sheath position, and manipulation of the circular mapping catheter. Three (4%) minor complications occurred.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The MGT integrates easily into the workflow of standard AF ablation and allows for high-quality nonfluoroscopic 4D catheter tracking. This results in low radiation exposure for patients and staff without complicating the workflow of the procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrophysiology, Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. sascha.rolf@web.de
authors.forename: Sascha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rolf
authors.forename: Silke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: John
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gaspar
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dinov
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kircher
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huo
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bollmann
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Richter
authors.forename: Arash
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arya
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hindricks
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Piorkowski
authors.forename: Philipp
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sommer
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000601:surgery*; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D015716:Electrocardiography, Ambulatory; D022062:Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011667:Pulmonary Veins / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: 3-dimensional; 3D; 4-dimensional; 4D; AF; Atrial fibrillation; CT; Catheter ablation; EAMS; Image integration; LA; MGT; MediGuide technology; Nonfluoroscopic; PV; RF; atrial fibrillation; computed tomography; electroanatomical mapping system; left atrial/atrium; mapping; pulmonary vein; radiofrequency