title: Rediscovering ACE: novel insights into the many roles of the angiotensin-converting enzyme.
abstract: Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is best known for the catalytic conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. However, the use of gene-targeting techniques has led to mouse models highlighting many other biochemical properties and actions of this enzyme. This review discusses recent studies examining the functional significance of ACE tissue-specific expression and the presence in ACE of two independent catalytic sites with distinct substrates and biological effects. It is these features which explain why ACE makes important contributions to many different physiological processes including renal development, blood pressure control, inflammation, and immunity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
authors.forename: Romer A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Villalobos
authors.forename: Xiao Z
authors.initials: XZ
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Ellen A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Bernstein
authors.forename: Tea
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Janjulia
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Jorge F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Giani
authors.forename: Wendell-Lamar B
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Blackwell
authors.forename: Kandarp H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Peng D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Sebastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fuchs
authors.forename: Kenneth E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Bernstein
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000209:etiology; D007109:Immunity / Q000502:physiology; D007156:Immunologic Memory; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D010455:Peptides; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D010641:Phenotype; D054730:Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I; D010455:Peptides; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A