title: Relevance for food sciences of quantitative spatially resolved element profile investigations in wheat (Triticum aestivum) grain.
abstract: Bulk element concentrations of whole grain and element spatial distributions at the tissue level were investigated in wheat (Triticum aestivum) grain grown in Zn-enriched soil. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry were used for bulk analysis, whereas micro-proton-induced X-ray emission was used to resolve the two-dimensional localization of the elements. Soil Zn application did not significantly affect the grain yield, but did significantly increase the grain Ca, Fe and Zn concentrations, and decrease the grain Na, P and Mo concentrations; bulk Mg, S, K, Mn, Cu, Cd and Pb concentrations remained unchanged. These changes observed in bulk element concentrations are the reflection of tissue-specific variations within the grain, revealing that Zn application to soil can lead to considerable alterations in the element distributions within the grain, which might ultimately influence the quality of the milling fractions. Spatially resolved investigations into the partitioning of the element concentrations identified the tissues with the highest element concentrations, which is of utmost importance for accurate prediction of element losses during the grain milling and polishing processes.
authors.affiliation: Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pongrac
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kreft
authors.forename: Katarina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vogel-Mikus
authors.forename: Marjana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Regvar
authors.forename: Mateja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Germ
authors.forename: Primoz
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vavpetic
authors.forename: Natasa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Grlj
authors.forename: Luka
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jeromel
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Eichert
authors.forename: Bojan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Budic
authors.forename: Primoz
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pelicon
mesh_terms: D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis; D005511:Food Handling; D005524:Food Technology / Q000379:methods*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis; D011188:Potassium / Q000032:analysis; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D017524:Slovenia; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis*; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D013455:Sulfur / Q000032:analysis; D014908:Triticum / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D015032:Zinc / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D012987:Soil; D013455:Sulfur; D015032:Zinc; D011188:Potassium; D002118:Calcium
keywords: cadmium; iron; lead; localization analysis; wheat; zinc