title: Low glibenclamide concentrations affect endoplasmic reticulum stress in INS-1 cells under glucotoxic or glucolipotoxic conditions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  β-Cell apoptosis caused by increased endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is an important pathogenic component of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In theory, sulfonylureas, used for the treatment of diabetes, can contribute to ER stress. We assessed changes in ER stress in pancreatic β-cells under glucotoxic or glucolipotoxic conditions using low concentrations of the sulfonylurea, glibenclamide (GB).
  
  
  METHODS
  Low concentrations of GB (10 or 100 nM) were added to INS-1 cells cultured under glucotoxic or glucolipotoxic conditions. The degree of viability, level of apoptosis and levels of markers associated with ER stress were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Apoptosis decreased in response to low concentrations of GB under glucolipotoxic but not glucotoxic conditions. Most ER stress markers decreased upon the addition of GB. Under glucotoxic conditions, changes in the levels of ER stress markers were not consistent. However, all decreased significantly under glucolipotoxic conditions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low concentrations of GB exerted antiapoptotic effects through the attenuation of ER stress under glucolipotoxic conditions.
authors.affiliation: Paik Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Min Jeong
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Hye Suk
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Chang Shin
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Eun Ju
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Tae Kyun
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Soon Hee
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Kyung Soo
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: Byoung Doo
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Rhee
authors.forename: Mi Kyung
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jeong Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000188:drug therapy; D059865:Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D005905:Glyburide / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D005905:Glyburide
keywords: Endoplasmic reticulum stress; Glucolipotoxicity; Glucotoxicity; Glyburide; Insulin-secreting cells