title: Proper use of the stethoscope: three heads and one tale.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine/Cardiology Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA. i-grais@sbcglobal.net
authors.forename: Ira Martin
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Grais
mesh_terms: D001314:Auscultation / Q000266:history / Q000295:instrumentation*; D002983:Clinical Competence; D004867:Equipment Design; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D019023:Stethoscopes / Q000266:history
keywords: Clinical competence; heart auscultation/methods; history of medicine, 19th century; physical examination; stethoscopes