title: Neuroprotective effect of suppression of astrocytic activation by arundic acid on brain injuries in rats with acute subdural hematomas.
abstract: Acute subdural hematoma (ASDH) can cause massive ischemic cerebral blood flow (CBF) underneath the hematoma, but early surgical evacuation of the mass reduces mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether arundic acid improves the secondary ischemic damage induced by ASDH. Our results confirmed that arundic acid decreases the expression of S100 protein produced by activated astrocytes around ischemic lesions due to cytotoxic edema after ASDH as well as reducing infarction volumes and numbers of apoptotic cells around the ischemic lesions. In this study, we also evaluate the relationship of brain edema and the expression of Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) in an ASDH model. The expression of AQP4 was decreased in the acute phase after ASDH. Cytotoxic edema, assumed to be the main cause of ASDH, could also cause ischemic lesions around the edema area. Arundic acid decreased the infarction volume and number of apoptotic cells via suppression of S100 protein expression in ischemic lesions without changing the expression of AQP4.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan. wajima@naramed-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wajima
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakase
authors.forename: Taiji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yonezawa
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D051401:Aquaporin 4 / Q000378:metabolism; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D020520:Brain Infarction / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D002210:Caprylates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002452:Cell Count; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D020199:Hematoma, Subdural, Acute / Q000150:complications*; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D008297:Male; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C496032:Aqp4 protein, rat; D051401:Aquaporin 4; D002210:Caprylates; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; C459360:ONO2506; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D009418:S100 Proteins; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein