title: Oral homeostasis disruption by medical plasticizer component bisphenol A in adult male rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Bisphenol A (BPA) is a synthetic estrogen-like chemical mimetic widely used in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins found in numerous consumer products including food packaging, medical devices, and dental sealants. Because it is recovered in fluids and it can reach high levels in saliva, this study aimed to evaluate its safety on oral homeostasis by examining its effects on salivary glands, mouth epithelium, water consumption, and salt preference, each parameter being estrogen sensitive.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized controlled trial involving rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  A dose-response study was conducted in adult Wistar rats randomized into five groups (n = 12). BPA was administered over 6 weeks via drinking water to obtain daily dose exposures of 0 μg/kg, 5 μg/kg, 50 μg/kg, 5 mg/kg, and 12.5 mg/kg of body weight. To evaluate salt preference, 1% NaCl solution and pure water intakes were measured for 3 days by offering two-bottle choices. The rats were then killed; oral biopsies were done and submandibular glands were removed for histologic and morphometric analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  According to the dose-response curve, BPA decreased total drinking but increased salt preference, which was inversely proportional to water consumption (Kruskal-Wallis, P < .01). It also causes oral dryness and histologic changes in the acinar structures of the submandibular glands at the lowest doses (Kruskal-Wallis, P < .01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that oral exposure to BPA in the rat disrupts thirst and buccal homeostasis and raises questions about the salivary gland secretions.
authors.affiliation: CHU (Hospital-University Center), General Hospital, 3 rue Faubourg Raines, F-21000, Dijon, France.
authors.forename: Mireille
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Folia
authors.forename: Sofiane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Boudalia
authors.forename: Franck
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ménétrier
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Decocq
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pasquis
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: Raymond
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bergès
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Artur
authors.forename: Marie-Chantal
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Canivenc-Lavier
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004326:Drinking / Q000187:drug effects*; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D009055:Mouth / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D010636:Phenols / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D010968:Plasticizers; D051381:Rats; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry; D012469:Salivary Glands / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal; D010636:Phenols; D010968:Plasticizers; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds