title: The characteristics and outcomes of patients with multiple myeloma dual refractory or intolerant to bortezomib and lenalidomide in the era of carfilzomib and pomalidomide.
abstract: Patients with multiple myeloma who are refractory or intolerant to both bortezomib and lenalidomide have a poor prognosis. Next-generation therapies carfilzomib and pomalidomide have shown promising activity in this dual refractory population. Here we describe the clinical characteristics and ascertain the effects of carfilzomib and pomalidomide on survival in this patient cohort. We retrospectively reviewed the records of 65 patients with dual refractory/intolerant myeloma diagnosed between January 2007 and May 2012 at a single institution. The median overall survival (OS) from the time patients became dual refractory/intolerant was 10.2 months. Patients who received carfilzomib or pomalidomide after they became dual refractory/intolerant had a better OS compared to those who did not (12.6 vs. 6.8 months, p = 0.03 by Wilcoxon test). Prospective randomized control trials are needed for confirmation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine.
authors.forename: Tzu-Fei
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Rohan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ahluwalia
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Fiala
authors.forename: Kathryn M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Trinkaus
authors.forename: Doug P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jaenicke
authors.forename: Caitlin C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Moliske
authors.forename: Kenneth R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Carson
authors.forename: Tanya M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Wildes
authors.forename: Michael H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Tomasson
authors.forename: Keith E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Stockerl-Goldstein
authors.forename: Ravi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vij
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001897:Boronic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000069286:Bortezomib; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D004361:Drug Tolerance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000077269:Lenalidomide; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000008:administration & dosage; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011379:Prognosis; D011719:Pyrazines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013792:Thalidomide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives
chemical_list: D001897:Boronic Acids; D009842:Oligopeptides; D011719:Pyrazines; D013792:Thalidomide; D000069286:Bortezomib; C524865:carfilzomib; C467566:pomalidomide; D000077269:Lenalidomide