title: The effect of diode superpulsed low-level laser therapy on experimental orthodontic pain caused by elastomeric separators: a randomized controlled clinical trial.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of diode superpulsed low-level laser therapy (SLLLT) in reducing experimentally induced orthodontic pain. Overall, 120 subjects (23.01 ± 1.39 years) were enrolled for a clinical trial. Subjects were randomly assigned to upper (U, N = 60) or lower (L, N = 60) jaw groups. All subjects received 4 elastomeric separators mesial and distal to the upper (U group) or lower (L group) right first molar and bicuspids. Each subject of the U and L groups was randomly assigned to laser (Ul, N = 20 and Ll, N = 20), placebo (Up, N = 20 and Lp, N = 20) or control (Uc, N = 20 and Lc, N = 20) sub-groups. Subjects in laser groups received a single GaAs diode SLLLT application (910 nm, 160 mW, beam diameter of 8 mm, applied for 340 s) immediately after placing orthodontic separators. Placebo groups received a simulated SLLLT and controls did not receive any therapy. All participants compiled a survey on pain duration and a 100-mm visual analogue scale immediately after the separators placement and after 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, and 96 h. Pain intensity of laser groups was significantly lower compared to placebo and control groups (p = 0.0001). In the laser group, 70% of subjects felt pain, while in the placebo and control groups all subjects felt pain (p = 0.0001). The end of pain occurred earlier in laser compared to placebo and control groups (p = 0.021). A single-diode SLLLT application appeared to be effective in reducing the intensity and duration of experimentally induced orthodontic pain and could be used in daily orthodontic practice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Orthodontics, University of Bologna, Italy, via san Vitale, 59 40125, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Ida
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Marini
authors.forename: Maria Lavinia
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Bartolucci
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bortolotti
authors.forename: Giulio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Innocenti
authors.forename: Maria Rosaria
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Gatto
authors.forename: Giulio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Alessandri Bonetti
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D020724:Elastomers; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D028022:Low-Level Light Therapy; D008297:Male; D055095:Optics and Photonics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D009970:Orthodontics; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011108:Polymers / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D020724:Elastomers; D011108:Polymers; C036925:elastomeric polymer