title: Oxidative stress and immune related gene expression following exposure to di-n-butyl phthalate and diethyl phthalate in zebrafish embryos.
abstract: In the present study, we analyzed the oxidative stress related indices and immune related gene expression of zebrafish embryos after a short-term exposure to various concentrations of di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), diethyl phthalate (DEP) and their mixture (DBP-DEP) from 4h post-fertilization (hpf) to 96hpf. Exposure to the chemicals was found to enhance the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) in a concentration-dependent manner. Simultaneously, adaptive responses to DBP/DEP-induced oxidative stress were observed. The activity of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were all increased in a concentration-dependent manner. The transcription of innate immune related genes including interferon γ (IFNγ), interleukin-1β (IL1β), Myxovirus resistance (Mx), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), CC-chemokine, CXCL-clc, lysozyme (Lyz) and complement factor C3B (C3) were up-regulated upon DBP, DEP and their mixture exposure, suggesting the induction of immune response. In addition, co-exposure to DBP-DEP also induced antioxidant defense and immune response in zebrafish embryo. The results demonstrat that DBP/DEP exposure could induce the antioxidant and immune responses in zebrafish embryos.
authors.affiliation: School of the Environment, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Road 301, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Hai
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Xiaoling
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yanmin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.forename: Xiangyang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Liuqing
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D003993:Dibutyl Phthalate / Q000633:toxicity*; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D010795:Phthalic Acids / Q000633:toxicity*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000196:embryology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D010795:Phthalic Acids; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D003993:Dibutyl Phthalate; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; C007379:diethyl phthalate