title: Update on embryology of the upper limb.
abstract: Current concepts in the steps of upper limb development and the way the limb is patterned along its 3 spatial axes are reviewed. Finally, the embryogenesis of various congenital hand anomalies is delineated with an emphasis on the pathogenetic basis for each anomaly.
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic Surgery at King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. moqattan@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Mohammad M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Al-Qattan
authors.forename: Scott H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kozin
mesh_terms: D000652:Amniotic Band Syndrome / Q000196:embryology; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000502:physiology; D005532:Foot Deformities, Congenital / Q000196:embryology; D006228:Hand Deformities, Congenital / Q000145:classification / Q000196:embryology; D006801:Humans; D018878:Limb Buds / Q000196:embryology; D041641:Musculoskeletal Development / Q000502:physiology; D011045:Poland Syndrome; D017689:Polydactyly / Q000196:embryology; D034941:Upper Extremity / Q000196:embryology*; D038062:Upper Extremity Deformities, Congenital / Q000196:embryology*
chemical_list: D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors
keywords: Embryology; upper limb