title: UPLC-PDA-TOF/MS coupled with multivariate statistical analysis to rapidly analyze and evaluate Ginkgo biloba leaves from different origin.
abstract: In the present study, an ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detector and time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-PDA-TOF/MS) was proposed and validated for rapidly analyzing and evaluating Ginkgo biloba leaves from different origins by using multivariate statistical analysis. Batches of these kinds of G. biloba leaves were subjected to UPLC-PDA-TOF/MS analysis, the datasets of retention time (RT)-m/z pairs, ion intensities and sample codes were further processed with orthogonal partial least squared discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) to holistically compare the difference between these G. biloba leaves, and to generate an S-plot. Those compounds correlated to the points at the two ends of S were regarded as the most differentiating components. By comparing the mass/UV spectra and retention times with those of reference compounds and/or tentatively assigned by matching empirical molecular formulae with those of the known compounds published in the literatures, these differentiating components were finally characterized as kaempferol 3-O-[2-O-(6-O-p-hydroxy-trans-cinnamoyl)-β-D-glucosyl)-α-L-rhamnoside], kaempferol 3-O-[2-O,6-O-bis(α-L-rhamnosyl)-β-D-glucoside], ginkgolide C, kaempferol 3-O-[2-O-(β-D-glucosyl)-α-L-rhamnoside], and bilobetin. These compounds would be the potential chemical markers for the two kinds of leaves. The results suggested that this newly established approach could be used to rapidly evaluate the quality of herbs from different origin, and to provide good strategy for further rectify and standardize the herb market.
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology of TCM formulae Research, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Guisheng
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Yuping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Sheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Yefei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: Chun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Dawei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: Jin-ao
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Duan
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis; D020441:Ginkgo biloba / Q000737:chemistry*; D046934:Ginkgolides / Q000032:analysis; D044949:Kaempferols / Q000032:analysis; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*; D011794:Quercetin / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; D046934:Ginkgolides; D044949:Kaempferols; C402623:bilobetin; C006552:kaempferol; D011794:Quercetin
keywords: Ginkgo biloba leaves; UPLC-PDA-TOF/MS; multivariate statistical analysis