title: Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of copper oxide nanoparticles in human skin keratinocytes cells.
abstract: The wide scale use of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) due to their unique properties and important applications in magnetic, thermal, electrical, sensor devices, and cosmetics makes human beings more prone to the exposure of CuONPs and its potential adverse effects. Exposure to such nanoparticles is mainly through skin and inhalation. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the apoptotic and genotoxic potential of CuONPs (50 nm) in the human skin epidermal (HaCaT) cells and its underlying mechanism of cellular toxicity. Significant decreases in cell viability were observed with CuONPs exposure in a dose- and time-dependent manner and also induced significant reduction in glutathione and induction in lipid peroxidation, catalase, and superoxide dismutase in HaCaT cells. A significant increase in caspase-3 activity was observed with CuONPs exposure in HaCaT cells indicating apoptosis. Apoptosis or necrosis was confirmed with fluorescent staining (acridine orange and propidium iodide). The CuONPs also induced DNA damage that was mediated by oxidative stress. This study investigating the effects of CuONPs in human skin cells has provided valuable insights into the mechanism of potential toxicity induced by CuONPs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Saud
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Alarifi
authors.forename: Daoud
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: Ankit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Verma
authors.forename: Saad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Alakhtani
authors.forename: Bahy A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Ali
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003300:Copper / Q000633:toxicity*; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012867:Skin / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D003300:Copper; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; D053148:Caspase 3; D005978:Glutathione; C000520:cuprous oxide
keywords: DNA damage; apoptosis; copper oxide nanoparticles; human skin cells; oxidative stress