title: MC Chang--Reproductive biologist of distinction 1908-1991.
abstract: This article reviews the remarkable life and major scientific achievements of the reproductive biologist M.C. Chang. His scholarly career progressed from university in Peking, via Edinburgh, Scotland, and Cambridge, England, to the newly founded Worcester Foundation for Experimental Biology in Massachusetts. At each stage, the hand of fate is noted as are the support and encouragement of key professors. Chang's own contributions on capacitation of spermatozoa, in vitro fertilisation of mammalian eggs, and transplantation of oocytes and embryos are all brought out, as is his essential input to the creation and development of a steroid contraceptive pill. He strongly encouraged young reproductive biologists who worked in his laboratory, and applauded the world-wide distinction of his student and associate, R. Yanagimachi, as a specialist in mammalian fertilisation. Finally, Chang's continued feelings towards his homeland are contrasted with the reality of his American life after 1945, itself a study in poignancy.
authors.affiliation: Sidney Sussex College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England. frances521@btinternet.com
authors.forename: R H F
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Hunter
mesh_terms: D000822:Animal Husbandry / Q000266:history; D000818:Animals; D002681:China; D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female / Q000266:history; D004624:Embryo Transfer / Q000266:history; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000266:history; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012106:Research / Q000266:history; D006113:United Kingdom; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female