title: Effects of nitric oxide on cell proliferation: novel insights.
abstract: Nitric oxide (NO) has been suggested to be a pathophysiological modulator of cell proliferation, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis. In this context, NO can exert opposite effects under diverse conditions. Indeed, several studies have indicated that low relative concentrations of NO seem to favor cell proliferation and antiapoptotic responses and higher levels of NO favor pathways inducing cell cycle arrest, mitochondria respiration, senescence, or apoptosis. Here we report the effects of NO on both promotion and inhibition of cell proliferation, in particular in regard to cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and stem cells. Moreover, we focus on molecular mechanisms of action involved in the control of cell cycle progression, which include both cyclic guanosine monophosphate-dependent and -independent pathways. This growing field may lead to broad and novel targeted therapies against cardiovascular diseases, especially concomitant type 2 diabetes, as well as novel bioimaging NO-based diagnostic tools.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Pathology, Excellence Research Centre on Cardiovascular Diseases, U.O.C. Immunohematology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy; Fondazione SDN, IRCCS, Naples, Italy. Electronic address: claunap@tin.it.
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Napoli
authors.affiliation: Division of Geriatrics, 1st School of Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Paolisso
authors.affiliation: Department of General Pathology, Excellence Research Centre on Cardiovascular Diseases, U.O.C. Immunohematology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Amelia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Casamassimi
authors.affiliation: College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Al-Omran
authors.affiliation: Division of Geriatrics, 1st School of Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Michelangela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barbieri
authors.affiliation: Department of General Pathology, Excellence Research Centre on Cardiovascular Diseases, U.O.C. Immunohematology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sommese
authors.affiliation: Fondazione SDN, IRCCS, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Infante
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
authors.forename: Louis J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Ignarro
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000502:physiology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000502:physiology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000503:physiopathology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology; D006801:Humans; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000502:physiology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology*; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors / Q000494:pharmacology; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D006152:Cyclic GMP