title: Coffee consumption and the risk of prostate cancer: the Ohsaki Cohort Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Epidemiological evidence regarding the effect of coffee on the incidence of prostate cancer is inconsistent. We aimed to investigate coffee consumption and the risk of prostate cancer risk in a general Japanese population.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a prospective cohort study in Ohsaki city, Japan, where 18 853 men aged 40-79 years participated in a baseline survey. Coffee consumption was assessed via a validated self-administered questionnaire. During 11 years of follow-up (from January 1 1995 to December 31, 2005), 318 incident cases of prostate cancer were detected. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence interval (CIs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant inverse association between coffee consumption and the incidence risk of prostate cancer. Compared with those who did not drink coffee, the multivariate adjusted HRs were 0.81 (95% CI: 0.61-1.07), 0.73 (95% CI: 0.53-1.00), and 0.63 (095% CI: 0.39-1.00) for those who drank coffee occasionally, 1-2 cups per day, and > or =3 cups per day, respectively, with a P for trend of 0.02.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This prospective finding from a Japanese population adds evidence that coffee intake is inversely associated with the incidence of prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Forensic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan. liqiangda@yahoo.com.cn
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kakizaki
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sugawara
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tomata
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishino
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tsuji
mesh_terms: D003069:Coffee; D015331:Cohort Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D003069:Coffee