title: Biology and trafficking of ATG9 and ATG16L1, two proteins that regulate autophagosome formation.
abstract: Autophagy is a highly conserved intracytoplasmic degradation pathway for proteins, oligomers, organelles and pathogens. It initiates with the formation of a cup-shaped double membrane structure called the phagophore. The membrane origin for autophagosomes has been a key question for the field. ATG9 and ATG16L1, or their yeast orthologues, are key proteins that regulate autophagosome biogenesis, and may be associated with distinct membrane sources. Here we review the biology of autophagy with a focus on ATG16L1 and ATG9, and we summarise the current knowledge of their trafficking in relation to autophagic stimuli and autophagosome formation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.
authors.forename: Eszter
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zavodszky
authors.forename: Mariella
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vicinanza
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Rubinsztein
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001343:Autophagy; D000071183:Autophagy-Related Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D010588:Phagosomes / Q000378:metabolism*; D021381:Protein Transport; D033921:Vesicular Transport Proteins
chemical_list: C518959:ATG16L1 protein, human; C503283:ATG9B protein, human; C574794:ATG9A protein, human; D000071183:Autophagy-Related Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D033921:Vesicular Transport Proteins