title: Determinants and normal values of ascending aortic diameter by age, gender, and race/ethnicity in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the normal size and wall thickness of the ascending thoracic aorta (AA) and its relationship with cardiovascular risk factors in a large population-based study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The mean AA luminal diameter was measured in 3573 Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) participants (age: 45-84 years), using gradient echo phase contrast cine MRI. Multiple linear regression models were used to evaluate the associations between risk factors and AA diameter. The median and upper normal limit (95th percentile) was defined in a "healthy" subgroup as well as AA wall thickness.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The upper limits of body surface area indexed AA luminal diameter for age categories of 45-54, 55-64, 65-74, and 75-84 years are 21, 22, 22, and 28 mm/m(2) in women and 20, 21, 22, 23 mm/m(2) in men, respectively. The mean AA wall thickness was 2.8 mm. Age, gender, and body surface area were major determinants of AA luminal diameter (∼+1 mm/10 years; ∼+1.9 mm in men than women; ∼+1 mm/ 0.23 m(2) ; P < 0.001). The AA diameter in hypertensive subjects was +0.9 mm larger than in normotensives (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AA diameter increases gradually with aging for both genders among all race/ethnicities. The normal value of AA diameter is provided.
authors.affiliation: Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institutes of Health/Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Evrim B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Turkbey
authors.forename: Aditya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.forename: Craig
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Alban
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Redheuil
authors.forename: Andrew E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Arai
authors.forename: Antoinette S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carr
authors.forename: W Gregory
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Hundley
authors.forename: Gisela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Teixido-Tura
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Eng
authors.forename: João A C
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Bluemke
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000473:pathology*; D001011:Aorta / Q000473:pathology*; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019028:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009929:Organ Size; D044469:Racial Groups / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012016:Reference Values; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: MRI; cardiovascular risk factors; normal value; thoracic aorta