title: Food label education does not reduce sodium intake in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A randomised controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sodium intake is high in people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The aim of this study was to investigate whether urinary sodium excretion can be reduced by educating people with T2DM to read food labels and choose low sodium products.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a 3 month randomised controlled trial, 78 men (n=49) and women (n=29) with T2DM were recruited from a Diabetes Centre at a University teaching hospital. The intervention group was educated in a single session to use the nutrition information panel on food labels to choose products which complied with the Food Standards Australia New Zealand (FSANZ) guideline of <120 mg sodium/100 g food. The control group continued on their usual diet. The primary outcome measure was 24h urinary sodium excretion which was performed at baseline and 3 months. Data was analysed using repeated measures analysis of variance, independent samples t-test and Pearson's correlations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 3 months mean urinary sodium excretion was unchanged in the intervention (174±13 mmol/24 h and 175±13 mmol/24 h) and control group (167±15mmol/24h and 161±13 mmol/24 h), and there was no between group difference (p>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sodium excretion was not reduced following the label reading education provided to this group of people with T2DM.
authors.affiliation: Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Australia.
authors.forename: Kristina S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Petersen
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Torpy
authors.forename: Ian M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Chapman
authors.forename: Sanghamitra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guha
authors.forename: Peter M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Clifton
authors.forename: Kirsty
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: Jennifer B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Keogh
mesh_terms: D001315:Australia; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000652:urine*; D004032:Diet / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004039:Diet, Sodium-Restricted / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005515:Food Labeling; D006266:Health Education / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012982:Sodium, Dietary / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D012982:Sodium, Dietary