title: Treatment with the sphingosine-1-phosphate analogue FTY 720 reduces loss of plasma volume during experimental sepsis in the rat.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Increased vascular leakage leading to hypovolaemia and tissue oedema is common in severe sepsis. Hypovolaemia together with oedema formation may contribute to hypoxia and result in multiorgan failure and death. To improve treatment during sepsis, a potential therapeutic target may be to reduce the vascular leakage. Substances affecting the endothelial barrier are interesting in this respect, as it is suggested that increase in vascular leakage depends on reorganisation of the endothelial cells and breakdown of the endothelial barrier. The agonist of the bioactive lipid sphingosine-1-phosphate, FTY720, has been shown to modulate the integrity of the endothelium and reduce permeability both in vitro and in vivo. The aim of the present study was to determine if FTY720 could reduce the loss of plasma volume during experimental sepsis in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sepsis was induced by ligation and incision of the caecum in the rat. Plasma volume was determined before and 4.5 h after induction of sepsis by a dilution technique using (125) I-labelled albumin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  FTY720 in a dose of 0.2 mg/kg reduced the loss of plasma during sepsis by approximately 30% compared with vehicle, without any adverse effects on haemodynamic and physiological parameters. The increase in hematocrit and haemoglobin concentration was also found to be higher in the vehicle group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FTY720 in a dose without haemodynamic side effects reduces loss of plasma volume during experimental sepsis most likely because of reduction in permeability and may therefore be beneficial in sepsis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Lund University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. cornelia.lundblad@med.lu.se
authors.forename: Cornelia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lundblad
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Axelberg
authors.forename: Per-Olof
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Grände
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019559:Capillary Leak Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D002199:Capillary Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D002432:Cecum / Q000293:injuries; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004231:Diuresis / Q000187:drug effects; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D004487:Edema / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects; D000068876:Fingolimod Hydrochloride; D006400:Hematocrit; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D007416:Intestinal Perforation / Q000150:complications; D008246:Lysophospholipids / Q000819:agonists*; D008297:Male; D010953:Plasma Volume / Q000187:drug effects*; D011409:Propylene Glycols / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018805:Sepsis / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013110:Sphingosine / Q000819:agonists / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D008246:Lysophospholipids; D011409:Propylene Glycols; C060506:sphingosine 1-phosphate; D000068876:Fingolimod Hydrochloride; D013110:Sphingosine