title: 11CO2 fixation: a renaissance in PET radiochemistry.
abstract: Carbon-11 labelled carbon dioxide is the cyclotron-generated feedstock reagent for most positron emission tomography (PET) tracers using this radionuclide. Most carbon-11 labels, however, are installed using derivative reagents generated from [(11)C]CO2. In recent years, [(11)C]CO2 has seen a revival in applications for the direct incorporation of carbon-11 into functional groups such as ureas, carbamates, oxazolidinones, carboxylic acids, esters, and amides. This review summarizes classical [(11)C]CO2 fixation strategies using organometallic reagents and then focuses on newly developed methods that employ strong organic bases to reversibly capture [(11)C]CO2 into solution, thereby enabling highly functionalized labelled compounds to be prepared. Labelled compounds and radiopharmaceuticals that have been translated to the clinic are highlighted.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Benjamin H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Rotstein
authors.forename: Steven H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Jason P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Holland
authors.forename: Thomas Lee
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Collier
authors.forename: Jacob M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hooker
authors.forename: Alan A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vasdev
mesh_terms: D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes / Q000737:chemistry*; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods; D011854:Radiochemistry / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D002245:Carbon Dioxide