title: Basic psychometric properties of the transfer assessment instrument (version 3.0).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To refine the Transfer Assessment Instrument (TAI 2.0), develop a training program for the TAI, and analyze the basic psychometric properties of the TAI 3.0, including reliability, standard error of measurement (SEM), minimal detectable change (MDC), and construct validity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Repeated measures.
  
  
  METHODS
  A winter sports clinic for disabled veterans.
  
  
  METHODS
  Wheelchair users (N=41) who perform sitting-pivot or standing-pivot transfers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Not applicable.
  
  
  METHODS
  TAI version 3.0, intraclass correlation coefficients, SEMs, and MDCs for reliable measurement of raters' responses. Spearman correlation coefficient, 1-way analysis of variance, and independent t tests to evaluate construct validity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TAI 3.0 had acceptable to high levels of reliability (range, .74-.88). The SEMs for part 1, part 2, and final scores ranged from .45 to .75. The MDC was 1.5 points on the 10-point scale for the final score. There were weak correlations (ρ range, -.13 to .25; P>.11) between TAI final scores and subjects' characteristics (eg, sex, body mass index, age, type of disability, length of wheelchair use, grip and elbow strength, sitting balance).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With comprehensive training, the refined TAI 3.0 yields high reliability among raters of different clinical backgrounds and experience. TAI 3.0 was unbiased toward certain physical characteristics that may influence transfer. TAI fills a void in the field by providing a quantitative measurement of transfers and a tool that can be used to detect problems and guide transfer training.
authors.affiliation: Human Engineering Research Laboratories, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Rehabilitation Science and Technology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
authors.forename: Chung-Ying
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL.
authors.forename: Laura A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Rice
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hoelmer
authors.affiliation: Human Engineering Research Laboratories, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Rehabilitation Science and Technology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
authors.forename: Michael L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Boninger
authors.affiliation: Human Engineering Research Laboratories, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Rehabilitation Science and Technology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA. Electronic address: akoontz@pitt.edu.
authors.forename: Alicia M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Koontz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D006233:Persons with Disabilities; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014728:Veterans; D014910:Wheelchairs; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: ADL; BMI; ICC; MDC; N/A; Outcomes assessment; Rehabilitation; Reliability and validity; SCI; SEM; TAI; Transfer Assessment Instrument; WUSPI; Wheelchair User's Shoulder Pain Index; Wheelchairs; activities of daily living; body mass index; intraclass correlation coefficient; minimal detectable change; not applicable; spinal cord injury; standard error of measurement