title: Effects of regenerative radioelectric asymmetric conveyer treatment on human normal and osteoarthritic chondrocytes exposed to IL-1β. A biochemical and morphological study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease characterized by a progressive loss of articular cartilage extracellular matrix and is due to functional impairments occurring in chondrocytes. In previous works, we highlighted that Regenerative Tissue Optimization (TO-RGN) treatment with radioelectric asymmetric conveyer (REAC) technology influenced the gene expression profiles controlling stem cell differentiation and the pluripotency of human skin-derived fibroblasts in vitro. Since interleukin-1 beta signaling has been implicated in the induction and progression of this disease (through metalloproteinase-3 synthesis and nitric oxide production), we investigated whether REAC TO-RGN might influence the biochemical and morphological changes induced by interleukin-1 beta in normal and OA chondrocytes.
  
  
  METHODS
  The induction of metalloproteinase-3 and proteoglycan synthesis was evaluated by a solid-phase enzyme-amplified sensitivity immunoassay, and nitric oxide production was evaluated with the Griess method. Ultrastructural features were observed by transmission electron microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  REAC TO-RGN treatment decreased nitric oxide and metalloproteinase-3 production in normal and OA chondrocytes, while inducing an increase in proteoglycan synthesis. OA chondrocytes were more affected by REAC TO-RGN treatment than were normal chondrocytes. Ultrastructural changes confirmed that REAC TO-RGN may counteract the negative effects of interleukin-1 beta incubation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this in vitro study suggest that REAC TO-RGN treatment may represent a new, promising approach for the management of OA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences (Applied Biology), University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Collodel
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fioravanti
authors.forename: Nicola Antonio
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Pascarelli
authors.forename: Antonello
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lamboglia
authors.forename: Vania
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fontani
authors.forename: Margherita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maioli
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Santaniello
authors.forename: Gianfranco
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pigliaru
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Castagna
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Moretti
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Iacoponi
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rinaldi
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ventura
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000378:metabolism*; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000378:metabolism*; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011846:Radio Waves; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D011509:Proteoglycans; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3
keywords: REAC TO-RGN treatment; human chondrocytes ultrastructure; metalloproteinase; nitric oxide; proteoglycans