title: Environmental tobacco smoke exposure at home and smoking prevalence in the general Portuguese population--the INAsma study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We aimed to: 1) estimate the prevalence of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) at home in the Portuguese population; 2) estimate tobacco smoking prevalence in Portugal; 3) identify social and personal characteristics associated with smoking or exposure to ETS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nationwide, cross-sectional, population-based telephone survey. Overall, 6003 individuals completed the interview. ETS exposure at home was defined as exposure to at least one current smoker at home. A smoker was defined as someone with 15 years or older, smoking at least 1 cigarette per day during a year; a current smoker (CS) smoked in the last month.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exposure to ETS at home was reported by 26.6% (95%CI 25.5-27.7) of the participants. Living in households with ≥4 persons (OR=2.31; 95%CI[1.81-2.96]), being a current smoker (OR=7.29; 95%CI[5.74-9.26]) or having current asthma (OR=2.06; 95%CI[1.45-2.94]) were factors positively associated with ETS exposure. When analyzed by gender, the effect of current asthma was only relevant to females. Currently 19.0% (95%CI 18.0-20.0) of the Portuguese population smokes tobacco and 17.2% (95%CI 16.2-18.2) are ex-smokers. CS prevalence is higher in males than females (26.5%versus 12.2%, p<0,001). The odds of being a CS were higher for males, the more educated, and those exposed to ETS at home. When analyzed by gender, school education only affected females.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exposure to ETS at home was higher than previously reported. Children/adolescents and asthma patients may have a higher risk of exposure. This report endorses a decreasing trend in the prevalence of tobacco smoking in Portuguese males, but a tendency to increase in females.
authors.affiliation: Serviço de Imunoalergologia, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal. ambrpereira@gmail.com
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morais-Almeida
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sá e Sousa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jacinto
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Azevedo
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Robalo Cordeiro
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bugalho de Almeida
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Fonseca
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001249:Asthma / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011174:Portugal / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution