title: [Pharmaco and diet based prostate cancer prevention].
abstract: In 2010, in France, 8,790 men died from prostate cancer despite a low and decreasing mortality rate. The individual risk/benefit ratio of prostate cancer screening is the focus of controversy and currently not in favor of a systematic screening program. Therefore, only prevention could reduce incidence, side effects of treatment and related mortality. Interestingly, prostate cancer prevention is also a field of controversy mainly about 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors. However, it could be expected that pharmaco- or diet-based prevention will be a huge tool for cancer control, even more for prostate cancer burden. This review comprehensively analyses which molecules or compounds could be used in preventive trials. With regard to pharmaco-prevention, three different kinds of drugs could be identified. First drugs, which aim at mainly or even solely reduce prostate cancer risk such as 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors and selective estrogen receptor modulators. Drugs, which aim at wider preventive impact such as: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or difluoromethylornithine. Lastly, drugs for which reducing prostate cancer incidence is merely a side effect such as statins, metformin or histones desacetylase inhibitors. With regard to diet-based prevention, two main approaches could be identified: aliments and nutriments, on one hand, and vitamin and minerals, on the other. Interestingly if compounds reach experimental plausibility, natural foods or even global diet seem to have a higher impact. Lastly, besides assessment of efficacy, effectiveness required the critical step of compliance, which might actually be the weakest link of the prevention chain.
authors.affiliation: Institut Paoli-Calmettes (IPC), département d'anticipation et de suivi des cancers (Cancer Control Department), 232, boulevard Sainte-Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France. eisingerf@ipc.unicancer.fr
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Eisinger
authors.forename: Géraldine
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cancel-Tassin
authors.forename: Abdel Rahmene
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Azzouzi
authors.forename: Gwenaelle
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gravis
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Cussenot
mesh_terms: D058891:5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004032:Diet; D000518:Eflornithine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005638:Fruit; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008687:Metformin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008903:Minerals / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control*; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012643:Selenium / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014675:Vegetables; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014815:Vitamins / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D058891:5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D008903:Minerals; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators; D014815:Vitamins; D014807:Vitamin D; D014810:Vitamin E; D008687:Metformin; D012643:Selenium; D000518:Eflornithine
keywords: diet; nutritional management; pharmacology; primary prevention