title: Effects of cigarette smoke extract on primary activated T cells.
abstract: Tobacco smoking predisposes the development of diseases characterized by chronic inflammation and T cell dysfunction. In this study, we aimed to determine the direct effects of cigarette smoke on primary T cells and to identify the corresponding molecular mediators. Activated T cells cultured in the presence of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) displayed a dose-dependent decrease in cell proliferation, which associated with the induction of cellular apoptosis. T cell apoptosis by CSE was independent of caspases and mediated through reactive oxygen and nitrogen species endogenously contained within CSE. Additional results showed that exposure of T cells to CSE induced phosphorylation of the stress mediator eukaryotic-translation-initiation-factor 2 alpha (eIF2α). Inhibition of the phosphorylation of eIF2α in T cells prevented the cellular apoptosis induced by CSE. Altogether, the results show the direct effects of CSE on T cells, which advance in the understanding of how cigarette smoking promotes chronic inflammation and immune dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University-Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
authors.forename: Claudia P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Hernandez
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Morrow
authors.forename: Cruz
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Velasco
authors.forename: Dorota D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Wyczechowska
authors.forename: Amarjit S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Naura
authors.forename: Paulo C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015852:Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D012906:Smoke; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D014026:Nicotiana
chemical_list: D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free; D015852:Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D012906:Smoke