title: Metoclopramide-induced hyperprolactinemia effects on the pituitary and uterine prolactin receptor expression.
abstract: In this work we have evaluated the gene expression profile of prolactin and prolactin receptor in the pituitary and the uterus of female mice with metoclopramide-induced hyperprolactinemia treated with estrogen and/or progesterone. For this purpose, 49 Swiss female mice were allocated to seven groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  50-day treatment with metoclopramide, progesterone and estrogen. Our results showed that in the pituitary, metoclopramide-induced hyperprolactinemia increased prolactin expression. In the castrated animals, progesterone, with or without estrogen, produced an increase in prolactin. Pituitary prolactin receptor and the estrogen and progesterone treatment were responsible for the rise in PRLR-S2. In the uterus, no differences in prolactin expression were found between the different study groups. PRLR-S1 had its expression reduced in all castrated animals as against the castrated group treated with vehicle. In the noncastrated animals, PRLR-S2 rose in the metoclopramide-treated group, and, in the castrated animals, its expression diminished in all groups in relation to the vehicle-treated castrated controls. An increase in PRLR-S3 was found in the oophorectomized animals treated with a combination of estrogen and progesterone. PRLR-L rose in the oophorectomized animals treated with progesterone in isolation or in association with estrogen. These findings suggest that metoclopramide associated to progesterone or estrogen may determine an increase in pituitary prolactin and PRLR-S2 expression. The estrogen-progesterone may enhance the expression of PRLR-S3 and PRLR-L isoform of prolactin receptor.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Ginecologia Estrutural e Molecular (LIM-58), Disciplina de Ginecologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil. vcdoamaral@gmail.com
authors.forename: Vinícius C
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Amaral
authors.forename: Gustavo A R
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Maciel
authors.forename: Kátia C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.forename: Rodrigo R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Marcondes
authors.forename: José Maria
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.forename: Edmund C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Baracat
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004967:Estrogens / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006966:Hyperprolactinemia / Q000139:chemically induced*; D008787:Metoclopramide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D010902:Pituitary Gland / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D011374:Progesterone / Q000494:pharmacology; D011981:Receptors, Prolactin / Q000378:metabolism*; D014599:Uterus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens; D011981:Receptors, Prolactin; D011374:Progesterone; D008787:Metoclopramide