title: Resting arterial diameter and blood flow changes with resistance training and detraining in healthy young individuals.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Disruptions to habitual training routines are commonly due to injury or illness and can often lead to detraining adaptations. The implications of such adaptations to the human vasculature in a trained, asymptomatic population are not fully understood.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the extent of local and systemic changes in arterial diameter and blood flow to resistance training and subsequent detraining in young adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized controlled clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  University physiology laboratory and fitness suite.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one healthy volunteers (aged 20.0 ± 2.8 years, 11 men and 10 women).
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight-week lower limb resistance training period and subsequent 4-week detraining period.
  
  
  METHODS
  Quadriceps and hamstrings concentric torque (strength), resting heart rate, arterial diameter, and blood flow velocity in the superficial femoral and carotid arteries were measured at 0, 8, 10, and 12 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Resistance training increased quadriceps and hamstring strength (32% and 35%, respectively, P < .001), whereas strength decreased during detraining (24% and 27%, respectively, P < .05). Resting heart rate decreased after resistance training (16%, P < .01) and increased during detraining (19%, P < .001). Additionally, resistance training significantly increased superficial femoral and carotid resting arterial diameters (27% and 13%, respectively, P < .001) and mean blood flow (53% and 55%, respectively, P < .001). Detraining resulted in a significant decrease in superficial femoral and carotid resting diameter (46% and 10%, respectively, P < .001) and mean blood flow (61% and 38%, respectively, P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Resistance training initiated both local and systemic changes to arterial diameter and blood flow; these changes appeared to reverse after detraining. The local changes in response to detraining showed a worsening (beyond pretraining values) of the vascular dimensional and blood flow characteristics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK.
authors.forename: Georgina K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Stebbings
authors.forename: Christopher I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Morse
authors.forename: Gerard E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: McMahon
authors.forename: Gladys L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Onambele
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology; D055070:Resistance Training; D012146:Rest; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D019415:Torque; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler