title: Effects of age on the tuning of the cVEMP and oVEMP.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the present investigation was to define for young, middle-aged, and older adults the optimal frequency (cies) to record both the cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP) and the ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP). Further, this study aimed to describe age-related changes in the tuning of these two vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective study. Participants were 39 healthy adults (mean age 46.3 ± 15.7 years; range = 22 to 78 years; 15 men) equally divided into 3 age groups of 13 participants each: young adult (18 to 39 years), middle age (40 to 59 years), and old adult (≥60 years). cVEMPs and oVEMPs were recorded using air-conduction tone bursts at stimulus frequencies of 125, 250, 500, 750, 1000, 1500, and 2000 Hz presented at 127 dB pSPL.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant main effect of age group and frequency on the amplitude of both the cVEMP and the oVEMP. Amplitudes were largest for the Young adult group for the cVEMP and for the young adult and Middle age group for the oVEMP. The largest average peak-to-peak amplitude occurred in response to a 750 Hz tone burst for both responses. No significant differences in mean amplitude of the cVEMP or oVEMP were observed for 500, 750, or 1000 Hz stimuli. There was a significant interaction of age group and frequency for the cVEMP, suggesting a loss of tuning for the old adult group. Compared with the young adult group, the tuning of the cVEMP and oVEMP for the older adjults appeared to shift to a higher frequency.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is no sharp tuning in the saccule and utricle. Instead, there is a range of best frequencies that may be used to evoke the cVEMP and oVEMP responses. The results of the present investigation also demonstrate that the optimal stimulus frequency to elicit a VEMP may change with age. Accordingly, 500 Hz may not be the ideal frequency to elicit VEMPs for all age groups. For this reason, in cases where the VEMP response is absent at 500 Hz it is recommended that attempts be made to record the VEMP for tone-burst frequencies of 750 or 1000 Hz.
authors.affiliation: 1Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA; 2Division of Vestibular Sciences, Department of Hearing and Speech, Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; and 3Department of Rehabilitation Science, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Erin G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Piker
authors.forename: Gary P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Jacobson
authors.forename: Robert F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Burkard
authors.forename: Devin L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: McCaslin
authors.forename: Linda J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Hood
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D005260:Female; D006320:Hearing Tests / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012444:Saccule and Utricle / Q000502:physiology*; D058585:Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D014722:Vestibule, Labyrinth / Q000502:physiology*