title: Effects of age, sex, body mass index and APOE genotype on cardiovascular biomarker response to an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test whether age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and the apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype are associated with the metabolic response to an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation.
  
  
  METHODS
  210 subjects followed a 2-week run-in period based on Canada's Food Guide and underwent a 6-week 5 g/day fish oil supplementation (1.9 g of eicosapentaenoic acid and 1.1 g of docosahexaenoic acid). Cardiovascular disease risk factors were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  n-3 PUFA supplementation was associated with a decrease of plasma triglyceride levels (p = 0.0002) as well as with an increase of fasting glucose (FG) levels (p = 0.02). Age was associated with post-intervention plasma total cholesterol (p = 0.01), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p = 0.007), apolipoprotein B (p = 0.04), and insulin (p = 0.002) levels. Sex was associated with post-intervention plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (p = 0.02). BMI was associated with plasma FG (p = 0.02) and insulin levels (p < 0.0001) after the supplementation. APOE genotype was associated with FG (p = 0.001) and C-reactive protein levels (p = 0.03) after the supplementation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggest that age, sex, BMI, and the APOE genotype contribute to the inter-individual variability observed in the metabolic response to an n-3 PUFA supplementation.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Québec, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Thifault
authors.forename: Hubert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cormier
authors.forename: Annie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bouchard-Mercier
authors.forename: Iwona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rudkowska
authors.forename: Ann-Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Paradis
authors.forename: Veronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Garneau
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ouellette
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lemieux
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Couture
authors.forename: Marie-Claude
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Vohl
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D015415:Biomarkers; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3