title: Increased consumption of salmon during pregnancy partly prevents the decline of some plasma essential amino acid concentrations in pregnant women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Oily fish is a good source of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Since these fatty acids may change efficiency of amino acid (AA) absorption, we determined whether increased salmon consumption influences plasma AA concentrations in pregnant women and their newborns.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pregnant women were randomly allocated to remain on their habitual diet (n = 61; control group) or to consume two 150 g farmed salmon portions per week from 20 weeks pregnancy until birth (n = 62; salmon group). Plasma AA concentrations were determined in women at w20, w34 and w38 of pregnancy and in umbilical cord at delivery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Concentrations of arginine, valine, leucine and lysine were affected by both time of pregnancy and salmon intake (p < 0.05), with a smaller gestation-associated decrease in the salmon group. Total essential AA concentrations were similar in both groups at w20, but at w38 were higher in salmon group (p < 0.05). Cord plasma AA concentrations, higher than in maternal plasma (p < 0.01), were similar in the two groups (p > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Two portions/wk of oily fish increased plasma essential AA concentrations during pregnancy and could contribute to a maternal health benefit. Two portions/wk of salmon did not affect plasma AA concentrations in the newborn.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  NCT00801502.
authors.affiliation: Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, UMR 1019, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: Adrien
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rossary
authors.affiliation: Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, UMR 1019, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: Marie-Chantal
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Farges
authors.affiliation: Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, UMR 1019, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lamas
authors.affiliation: Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Miles
authors.affiliation: Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Paul S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Noakes
authors.affiliation: Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Lefkothea-Stella
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Kremmyda
authors.affiliation: Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vlachava
authors.affiliation: Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Southampton NIHR Nutrition, Diet & Lifestyle Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Norma D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Diaper
authors.affiliation: Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Southampton NIHR Nutrition, Diet & Lifestyle Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom; The Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Sian M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.affiliation: Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Southampton NIHR Nutrition, Diet & Lifestyle Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom; The Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Keith M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Godfrey
authors.affiliation: Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Southampton NIHR Nutrition, Diet & Lifestyle Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Philip C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Calder
authors.affiliation: Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, UMR 1019, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Centre Jean Perrin, Unité de Nutrition, CLARA, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France. Electronic address: m-paule.vasson@u-clermont1.fr.
authors.forename: Marie-Paule
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Vasson
mesh_terms: D000601:Amino Acids, Essential / Q000097:blood*; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D004032:Diet; D002149:Energy Intake; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D039382:Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012474:Salmon; D017747:Seafood / Q000032:analysis*; D034561:Sheep, Domestic; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D014470:Umbilical Cord / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000601:Amino Acids, Essential
keywords: Amino acids; New-born; Nutrition; Oily fish; Pregnancy