title: Non-coding RNA: a novel opportunity for the personalized treatment of multiple myeloma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Increasing evidence indicates that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are aberrantly expressed and/or functionally deregulated in hematological malignancies, including multiple myeloma. Harnessing these abnormalities by either replacing or inhibiting ncRNAs is emerging as novel therapeutic option.
  
  
  METHODS
  We review the recent remarkable advancement in the understanding of the biological functions of human ncRNAs in multiple myeloma, including the biogenesis, the mechanisms of expression, the relevance as biomarkers, and mostly, the therapeutic potential. Special emphasis is given to microRNAs, the best characterized class of ncRNAs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An improved understanding of the role of ncRNAs in multiple myeloma would provide valuable information about key cancer-promoting pathways and might be highly useful for diagnostic and prognostic assessments. This knowledge might also lead to advancement in the management of multiple myeloma through the development of novel personalized ncRNA-based therapies.
authors.affiliation: Magna Graecia University and T. Campanella Cancer Center, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Medical Oncology Unit, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Amodio
authors.forename: Maria Teresa
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Di Martino
authors.forename: Antonino
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Neri
authors.forename: Pierosandro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tagliaferri
authors.forename: Pierfrancesco
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tassone
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics; D057285:Precision Medicine; D011379:Prognosis; D022661:RNA, Untranslated / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D022661:RNA, Untranslated