title: [Research progresses in synthetic biology of artemisinin].
abstract: Abstract: The first-line drug artemisinin is widely used against malaria. Commercially available artemisinin is extracted from plants. However, the lack of sufficient raw material, artemisinin and the cost associated with the drug's manufacture have limited the supply of ACT to most malaria sufferers in the Developing World. As such, it is important to develop a low cost, fine to environment and high-quality method to supply sufficient and reliable quantities of artemisinin in the future. The field of synthetic biology, which utilizes cell factories to manipulate microbial metabolism to enhance the production of artemisinin and its intermediates, has a particularly strong impact by providing new platforms for chemical production. After a brief introduction of the artemisinin biosynthetic pathway, the present review focuses on the introduction of artemisinin biosynthetic genes, such as the genes encoding amorpha-4, 11-diene monooxygenase, NADPH: cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase, artemisinic aldehyde delta 11(13) reductase and aldehyde dehydrogenase. The review also addresses general considerations for potential contributions of synthetic biology to artemisinin production, with an emphasis on factors influencing interest compounds production in chassis cells.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines & Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products, Ministry of Health of PRC, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China. jianqiangk@imm.ac.cn
authors.forename: Jian-Qiang
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ke-Di
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000080924:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000378:metabolism / Q000600:supply & distribution; D037621:Artemisinins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000600:supply & distribution; D053898:Biosynthetic Pathways; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000235:genetics*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000378:metabolism*; D018628:Gene Dosage; D005818:Genetic Engineering; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000235:genetics; D012316:RNA Nucleotidyltransferases / Q000235:genetics; D050697:Retinal Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000378:metabolism*; D058615:Synthetic Biology
chemical_list: D000962:Antimalarials; D037621:Artemisinins; D007527:Isoenzymes; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; C031327:artemisinin; D000080924:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family; D050697:Retinal Dehydrogenase; D012316:RNA Nucleotidyltransferases; C505387:RNA debranching enzyme Dbr1, S cerevisiae