title: Transcultural adaptation and initial validation of Brazilian-Portuguese version of the Basel assessment of adherence to immunosuppressive medications scale (BAASIS) in kidney transplants.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Transplant recipients are expected to adhere to a lifelong immunosuppressant therapeutic regimen. However, nonadherence to treatment is an underestimated problem for which no properly validated measurement tool is available for Portuguese-speaking patients. We aimed to initially validate the Basel Assessment of Adherence to Immunosuppressive Medications Scale (BAASIS®) to accurately estimate immunosuppressant nonadherence in Brazilian transplant patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The BAASIS® (English version) was transculturally adapted and its psychometric properties were assessed. The transcultural adaptation was performed using the Guillemin protocol. Psychometric testing included reliability (intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility, agreement, Kappa coefficient, and the Cronbach's alpha) and validity (content, criterion, and construct validities).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The final version of the transculturally adapted BAASIS® was pretested, and no difficulties in understanding its content were found. The intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility variances (0.007 and 0.003, respectively), the Cronbach's alpha (0.7), Kappa coefficient (0.88) and the agreement (95.2%) suggest accuracy, preciseness and reliability. For construct validity, exploratory factorial analysis demonstrated unidimensionality of the first three questions (r = 0.76, r = 0.80, and r = 0.68). For criterion validity, the adapted BAASIS® was correlated with another self-report instrument, the Measure of Adherence to Treatment, and showed good congruence (r = 0.65).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The BAASIS® has adequate psychometric properties and may be employed in advance to measure adherence to posttransplant immunosuppressant treatments. This instrument will be the first one validated to use in this specific transplant population and in the Portuguese language.
authors.affiliation: Renal Transplantation Unit, Division of Nephrology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Elisa de Oliveira
authors.initials: Ede O
authors.lastname: Marsicano
authors.forename: Neimar da Silva
authors.initials: Nda S
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Colugnati
authors.forename: Fabiane Rossi dos Santos
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Grincenkov
authors.forename: Natalia Maria da Silva
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.forename: Sabina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: De Geest
authors.forename: Helady
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sanders-Pinheiro
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001938:Brazil / Q000208:ethnology; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000592:standards*; D008297:Male; D055118:Medication Adherence / Q000208:ethnology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011174:Portugal / Q000208:ethnology; D011594:Psychometrics; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents