title: Topical chemotherapy for ocular surface squamous neoplasia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) is an umbrella term for a spectrum of epithelial dysplasias of the cornea, conjunctiva, and limbus. Treatment for OSSN has historically been surgery, but nonsurgical interventions have been increasingly adopted. Advantages of medical treatments include the ability to treat the entire ocular surface and prevention of surgical complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The primary medical treatments for OSSN include mitomycin C, 5-fluorouracil, and interferon α2b. Mitomycin C has been shown in studies to be highly effective but has short-term and long-term side-effects that may be intolerable. 5-Fluorouracil and interferon α2b have been found to be similar in efficacy to mitomycin, with interferon being extremely well tolerated in the majority of patients. Most recently, other chemotherapeutic agents have been tried for OSSN including antivascular endothelial growth factor agents and vitamin A. The data regarding these latter treatment strategies are still limited.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An understanding of the recent literature, with respect to the efficacy, advantages, and disadvantages of the various therapies for OSSN will allow us to tailor treatment to each patient.
authors.affiliation: Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Afshan A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Nanji
authors.forename: Fouad E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Sayyad
authors.forename: Carol L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Karp
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D003230:Conjunctival Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D003316:Corneal Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016685:Mitomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016685:Mitomycin; D005472:Fluorouracil