title: Objective color classification of ecstasy tablets by hyperspectral imaging.
abstract: The general procedure followed in the examination of ecstasy tablets for profiling purposes includes a color description, which depends highly on the observers' perception. This study aims to provide objective quantitative color information using visible hyperspectral imaging. Both self-manufactured and illicit tablets, created with different amounts of known colorants were analyzed. We derived reflectance spectra from hyperspectral images of these tablets, and successfully determined the most likely colorant used in the production of all self-manufactured tablets and four of five illicit tablets studied. Upon classification, the concentration of the colorant was estimated using a photon propagation model and a single reference measurement of a tablet of known concentration. The estimated concentrations showed a high correlation with the actual values (R(2) = 0.9374). The achieved color information, combined with other physical and chemical characteristics, can provide a powerful tool for the comparison of tablet seizures, which may reveal their origin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering & Physics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 22700, 1100 DE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. g.j.edelman@amc.uva.nl
authors.forename: Gerda
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Edelman
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lopatka
authors.forename: Maurice
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aalders
keywords: Kubelka-Munk; XTC; color measurement; ecstasy; forensic science; hyperspectral imaging; illicit drugs; tablets