title: Transcriptomic and proteomic responses of sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, to thiamethoxam.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), is one of the most widely distributed agricultural pests. Although it has developed resistance to many registered insecticides including the neonicotinoid insecticide thiamethoxam, the mechanisms that regulate the resistance are poorly understood. To understand the molecular basis of thiamethoxam resistance, "omics" analyses were carried out to examine differences between resistant and susceptible B. tabaci at both transcriptional and translational levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1,338 mRNAs and 52 proteins were differentially expressed between resistant and susceptible B. tabaci. Among them, 11 transcripts had concurrent transcription and translation profiles. KEGG analysis mapped 318 and 35 differentially expressed genes and proteins, respectively, to 160 and 59 pathways (p<0.05). Thiamethoxam treatment activated metabolic pathways (e.g., drug metabolism), in which 118 transcripts were putatively linked to insecticide resistance, including up-regulated glutathione-S-transferase, UDP glucuronosyltransferase, glucosyl/glucuronosyl transferase, and cytochrome P450. Gene Ontology analysis placed these genes and proteins into protein complex, metabolic process, cellular process, signaling, and response to stimulus categories. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis validated "omics" response, and suggested a highly overexpressed P450, CYP6CX1, as a candidate molecular basis for the mechanistic study of thiamethoxam resistance in whiteflies. Finally, enzymatic activity assays showed elevated detoxification activities in the resistant B. tabaci.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates the applicability of high-throughput omics tools for identifying molecular candidates related to thiamethoxam resistance in an agricultural important insect pest. In addition, transcriptomic and proteomic analyses provide a solid foundation for future functional investigations into the complex molecular mechanisms governing the neonicotinoid resistance in whiteflies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China.
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Shaoli
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Qingjun
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Rumei
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Huipeng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Baiming
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xiaobin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Baoyun
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Xuguo
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Youjun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods*; D063990:Gene Ontology; D005964:Glucosyltransferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014453:Glucuronosyltransferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006430:Hemiptera / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007305:Insecticide Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010078:Oxazines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020543:Proteome / Q000378:metabolism; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D000077922:Thiamethoxam; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D059467:Transcriptome / Q000235:genetics; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D019476:Insect Proteins; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D010078:Oxazines; D020543:Proteome; D013844:Thiazoles; D000077922:Thiamethoxam; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D005964:Glucosyltransferases; D014453:Glucuronosyltransferase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase