title: Correlation of fibrinogen-like protein 2 with progression of acute pancreatitis in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine fibrinogen-like protein 2 (fgl2) expression during taurocholate-induced acute pancreatitis progression in rats and its correlation with pancreatic injury severity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) group (n = 24) and the sham operation (SO) group (n = 24). Sodium taurocholate (4% at doses of 1 mL/kg body weight) was retrogradely injected into the biliopancreatic ducts of the rats to induce SAP. Pancreatic tissues were prepared immediately after sacrifice. At the time of sacrifice, blood was obtained for determination of serum amylase activity and isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Pancreatic tissue specimens were obtained for routine light microscopy including hematoxylin and eosin staining, and the severity of pancreatic injury was evaluated 1, 4 and 8 h after induction. Expression of fgl2 mRNA was measured in the pancreas and PBMCs using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Expression of fgl2 protein was evaluated in pancreatic tissues using Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining. Masson staining was also performed to observe microthrombosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At each time point, levels of fgl2 mRNAs in pancreatic tissues and PBMCs were higher (P < 0.05) in the SAP group than in the SO group. For pancreatic tissue in SAP vs SO, the levels were: after 1 h, 3.911 ± 1.277 vs 1.000 ± 0.673; after 4 h, 9.850 ± 3.095 vs 1.136 ± 0.609; and after 8 h, 12.870 ± 3.046 vs 1.177 ± 0.458. For PBMCs in SAP vs SO, the levels were: after 1 h, 2.678 ± 1.509 vs 1.000 ± 0.965; after 4 h, 6.922 ± 1.984 vs 1.051 ± 0.781; and after 8 h, 13.533 ± 6.575 vs 1.306 ± 1.179. Levels of fgl2 protein expression as determined by Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining were markedly up-regulated (P < 0.001) in the SAP group compared with those in the SO group. For Western blotting in SAP vs SO, the results were: after 1 h, 2.183 ± 0.115 vs 1.110 ± 0.158; after 4 h, 2.697 ± 0.090 vs 0.947 ± 0.361; and after 8 h, 3.258 ± 0.094 vs 1.208 ± 0.082. For immunohistochemical staining in SAP vs SO, the results were: after 1 h, 1.793 ± 0.463 vs 0.808 ± 0.252; after 4 h, 4.535 ± 0.550 vs 0.871 ± 0.318; and after 8 h, 6.071 ± 0.941 vs 1.020 ± 0.406. Moreover, we observed a positive correlation in the pancreas (r = 0.852, P < 0.001) and PBMCs (r = 0.735, P < 0.001) between fgl2 expression and the severity of pancreatic injury. Masson staining showed that microthrombosis (%) in rats with SAP was increased (P < 0.001) compared with that in the SO group and it was closely correlated with fgl2 expression in the pancreas (r = 0.842, P < 0.001). For Masson staining in SAP vs SO, the results were: after 1 h, 26.880 ± 9.031 vs 8.630 ± 3.739; after 4 h, 53.750 ± 19.039 vs 8.500 ± 4.472; and after 8 h, 80.250 ± 12.915 vs 10.630 ± 7.003.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Microthrombosis due to fgl2 overexpression contributes to pancreatic impairment in rats with SAP, and fgl2 level may serve as a biomarker during early stages of disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Hua
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Tan-Zhou
authors.initials: TZ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jia-Ping
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Huai
authors.forename: Guang-Rong
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Xiao-Ju
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Zhuge
authors.forename: Ren-Pin
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Wu-Jie
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zhi-Ming
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D010179:Pancreas / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013656:Taurocholic Acid; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology; D013997:Time Factors; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C585327:fibrinogen-like protein 2, rat; D013656:Taurocholic Acid; D005340:Fibrinogen
keywords: Fibrin; Fibrinogen-like protein 2; Microthrombosis; Peripheral blood mononuclear cell; Severe acute pancreatitis