title: Chemical composition and anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity of essential oils obtained from leaves of Xylopia frutescens and X. laevigata (Annonaceae).
abstract: Essential oils from leaves of Xylopia frutescens (XFMJ) and two specimens of Xylopia laevigata (XLMC and XLSI) were obtained by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus, and analyzed by GC-MS and GC-FID. Sesquiterpenes dominated the essential oils. The main constituents of XFMJ were (E)-caryophyllene (24.8%), bicyclogermacrene (20.8%), germacrene D (17.0%), beta-elemene (7.9%), and (E)-beta-ocimene (6.8%). XLMC contained significant quantities of germacrene D (18.9%), bicyclogermacrene (18.4%), beta-elemene (9.5%), delta-selinene (9.2%), (E)-caryophyllene (8.5%), germacrene B (5.7%) and gamma-muurolene (5.7%), while germacrene D (27.0%), bicyclogermacrene (12.8%), (E)-caryophyllene (8.6%), gamma-muurolene (8.6%), delta-cadinene (6.8%), and germacrene B (6.0%) were the main components of XLSI. The essential oils had trypanocidal activity against the Y strain of Trypanosoma cruzi, with IC50 values lower than 30 microg x mL(-1) and 15 microg x mL(-1) against epimastigote and trypomastigote forms of T. cruzi, respectively, and were also able to reduce the percentage in vitro of T. cruzi-infected macrophages and the intracellular number of amastigotes at concentrations that were non-cytotoxic to macrophages.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe 49100-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thanany Brasil
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.forename: Leociley Rocha Alencar
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Menezes
authors.forename: Marília Fernanda Chaves
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Sampaio
authors.forename: Cássio Santana
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Meira
authors.forename: Elisalva Teixeira
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Guimarães
authors.forename: Milena Botelho Pereira
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.forename: Ana Paula do Nascimento
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Prata
authors.forename: Paulo Cesar de Lima
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Nogueira
authors.forename: Emmanoel Vilaça
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Costa
mesh_terms: D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D000475:Alkenes / Q000737:chemistry; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*; D000081223:Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000737:chemistry; D045788:Sesquiterpenes, Germacrane / Q000737:chemistry; D014344:Trypanocidal Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D014349:Trypanosoma cruzi / Q000187:drug effects; D054336:Xylopia / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D000475:Alkenes; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D000081223:Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; D045788:Sesquiterpenes, Germacrane; D014344:Trypanocidal Agents; C445979:beta-elemene; C539285:selinene; C443996:beta-ocimene; C024714:caryophyllene; C027259:germacrene D