title: Diapause prevention effect of Bombyx mori by dimethyl sulfoxide.
abstract: HCl treatment has been, for about 80 years, the primary method for the prevention of entry into embryonic diapauses of Bombyx mori. This is because no method is as effective as the HCl treatment. In this study, we discovered that dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) prevented entry into the diapause of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. The effect of diapause prevention was 78% as a result of treatment with 100% DMSO concentration, and the effect was comparable to that of the HCl treatment. In contrast, in the case of non-diapause eggs, hatchability was decreased by DMSO in a concentration-dependent manner. The effect of DMSO was restricted within 24 hours after oviposition of diapause eggs, and the critical period was slightly shorter than the effective period of the HCl treatment. DMSO analogs, such as dimethyl formamide (DMF) and dimethyl sulfide (DMS), did little preventive effect against the diapause. Furthermore, we also investigated the permeation effects of chemical compounds by DMSO. When treated with an inhibitor of protein kinase CK2 (CK2) dissolved in DMSO, the prevention rate of the diapause was less than 40%. This means that the inhibition effect by the CK2 inhibitor was the inhibition of embryonic development after diapause prevention by DMSO. These data suggest that DMSO has the effects of preventing from entering into the diapause and permeation of chemicals into diapause eggs.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mase
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sawada
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D012831:Bombyx / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000196:embryology / Q000201:enzymology; D047390:Casein Kinase II / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D064666:Diapause, Insect / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004126:Dimethylformamide / Q000494:pharmacology; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian; D005260:Female; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D010539:Permeability; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D013440:Sulfides / Q000494:pharmacology; D015053:Zygote / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D019476:Insect Proteins; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D013440:Sulfides; D004126:Dimethylformamide; D047390:Casein Kinase II; C004784:dimethyl sulfide; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide