title: Faecal sludge management with the larvae of the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens)--from a hygiene aspect.
abstract: Inadequate and lacking sanitation and wastewater treatment systems can lead to the spreading of diarrhoeal diseases. One contributing factor in the lack of such treatment systems is the lack of economic incentives for stakeholders throughout the service chain. However, the organic fraction of the waste is high in valuable plant nutrients and could be reused in agriculture and as animal feed. For example, grown larvae of the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens L. (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), make an excellent protein source in animal feed, while the feeding activity of the larvae substantially reduces the dry mass of the treated material. This study examined the effect of black soldier fly larvae on the concentration of pathogenic microorganisms in human faeces and found a 6 log10 reduction in Salmonella spp. in human faeces in eight days, compared with a <2 log10 reduction in the control. No increased reduction was observed for Enterococcus spp., bacteriophage ΦX174 or Ascaris suum ova.
authors.affiliation: Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden. cecilia.lalander@slu.se
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lalander
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Diener
authors.forename: Maria Elisa
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Magri
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zurbrügg
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lindström
authors.forename: Björn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vinnerås
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004175:Diptera / Q000502:physiology*; D016983:Enterococcus / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007814:Larva / Q000502:physiology; D009348:Nematoda / Q000502:physiology; D012475:Salmonella / Q000502:physiology*; D012722:Sewage / Q000382:microbiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D018505:Waste Management / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D012722:Sewage