title: Clinical consequences of altered chemoreflex control.
abstract: Control of ventilation dictates various breathing patterns. The respiratory control system consists of a central pattern generator and several feedback mechanisms that act to maintain ventilation at optimal levels. The concept of loop gain has been employed to describe its stability and variability. Synthesizing all interactions under a general model that could account for every behavior has been challenging. Recent insight into the importance of these feedback systems may unveil therapeutic strategies for common ventilatory disturbances. In this review we will address the major mechanisms that have been proposed as mediators of some of the breathing patterns in health and disease that have raised controversies and discussion on ventilatory control over the years.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Bridgeport Hospital, Yale New Haven Health, Bridgeport, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Plataki
authors.forename: Scott A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Sands
authors.forename: Atul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Malhotra
mesh_terms: D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism; D002628:Chemoreceptor Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D002639:Cheyne-Stokes Respiration / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D006935:Hypercapnia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics / Q000502:physiology*; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Cheyne–Stokes; Exercise hyperpnea; High altitude; Loop gain; Lung; Oxygen induced hypercapnia; Sleep apnea