title: Heterogeneity of glucocorticoid resistance in patients with bronchial asthma.
abstract: Bronchial asthma is assumed to be the result of excessive inflammation driven by an aberrant T-helper-2 (Th2) response. Recently, it has begun to be recognized that asthma is a heterogeneous disorder. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are effective treatment for bronchial asthma; however, the inflammation in bronchial asthma cannot always be fully controlled. A recent study demonstrated a new underlying mechanism of glucocorticoid resistance that acts in a Th2-independent manner. Thus, responses to GCs are highly heterogeneous.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Akishima Hospital, 1260 Nakagami-cho, Akishima-shi, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsumura
keywords: MAP kinase (MAPK); activator protein-1 (AP-1); bronchial asthma; c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK); glucocorticoid (GC); glucocorticoid receptor (GR); glucocorticoid-resistant (GC-R) asthma; histone deacetylase (HDAC); nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)