title: Effects of cilnidipine on sympathetic outflow and sympathetic arterial pressure and heart rate regulations in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cilnidipine is a unique Ca(2+) channel blocker that inhibits both L-type and N-type Ca(2+) channels. The present study aimed to assess the effects of intravenous cilnidipine on sympathetic outflow and sympathetic arterial pressure (AP) and heart rate (HR) regulations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Carotid sinus baroreceptor regions were isolated from the systemic circulation in anesthetized and vagotomized Wistar Kyoto rats. Changes in efferent sympathetic nerve activity (SNA), AP and HR in response to a stepwise input of carotid sinus pressure were examined before and during intravenous cilnidipine administration (30 μg/kg bolus+100 μg kg(-1)h(-1) infusion, n=6).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cilnidipine significantly reduced the AP response range (from 68.0 ± 10.2 to 34.6 ± 4.1 mmHg, P=0.007) but did not affect the SNA response range (from 90.4 ± 10.3 to 84.7 ± 9.5%, P=0.297) or the HR response range (from 50.4 ± 10.1 to 48.1 ± 6.2 beats/min, P=0.719).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cilnidipine, at a depressor dose used in the present study, does not acutely suppress sympathetic outflow from the central nervous system. Also, it spared the sympathetic HR response, suggesting that N-type Ca(2+) channel blocking action at the cardiac sympathetic nerve endings may be a modest one.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kinki University, Osaka 589-8511, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiromi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawada
authors.forename: Shuji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Atsunori
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kamiya
authors.forename: Shunichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sugimachi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D004095:Dihydropyridines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D011921:Rats, Inbred WKY; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D004095:Dihydropyridines; C065927:cilnidipine