title: Periodontal disease and type 1 diabetes mellitus: associations with glycemic control and complications: an Indian perspective.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the frequency of periodontal disease in a group of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and its relationship with diabetic metabolic control, duration and complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  A comparison was made of periodontal parameters (plaque index, bleeding index, pocket depth and attachment loss) in a group of diabetic patients versus a group of non-diabetics (n=20). Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between periodontal parameters and degree of metabolic control, the duration of the disease and the appearance of complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Diabetics had greater bleeding index (p<0.001), probing pocket depth (p<0.001) and clinical attachment level (p=0.001). Patients diagnosed for diabetes for shorter duration of time (4-7 years) showed bleeding index-disease severity correlation to be 1.760 ± 0.434.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with type 1 diabetes have increased periodontal disease susceptibility. Periodontal inflammation is greatly increased in subjects with longer disease course, poor metabolic control and diabetic complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, BBD College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Lucknow 226 010, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Meenawat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ajita
authors.forename: Punn
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Karan
authors.forename: Govila
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vivek
authors.forename: Meenawat Anand
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: S
authors.forename: Maheshwari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Anuj
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D038321:Glycemic Index / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose