title: The predictive value of endorectal 3 Tesla multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging for extraprostatic extension in patients with low, intermediate and high risk prostate cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We determined the positive and negative predictive values of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging for extraprostatic extension at radical prostatectomy for different prostate cancer risk groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated a cohort of 183 patients who underwent 3 Tesla multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging, including T2-weighted, diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging and dynamic contrast enhanced sequences, with an endorectal coil before radical prostatectomy. Pathological stage at radical prostatectomy was used as standard reference for extraprostatic extension. The cohort was classified into low, intermediate and high risk groups according to the D'Amico criteria. We recorded prevalence of extraprostatic extension at radical prostatectomy and determined sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging for extraprostatic extension in each group. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify predictors of extraprostatic extension at radical prostatectomy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall prevalence of extraprostatic extension at radical prostatectomy was 49.7% ranging from 24.7% to 77.1% between low and high risk categories. Overall staging accuracy of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging for extraprostatic extension was 73.8%, with sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of 58.2%, 89.1%, 84.1% and 68.3%, respectively. Positive predictive value of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging for extraprostatic extension was best in the high risk cohort with 88.8%. Negative predictive value was highest in the low risk cohort with 87.7%. With an odds ratio of 10.3 multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging is by far the best preoperative predictor of extraprostatic extension at radical prostatectomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For adequate patient counseling, knowledge of predictive values of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging for extraprostatic extension is of utmost importance. High negative predictive value, important for decisions on nerve sparing strategies at radical prostatectomy, is only reached in low risk subjects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Urology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Electronic address: r.somford@cwz.nl.
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Somford
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Hamoen
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Fütterer
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: van Basten
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Hulsbergen-van de Kaa
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Vreuls
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: van Oort
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vergunst
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Kiemeney
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Barentsz
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Witjes
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D012007:Rectum; D018570:Risk Assessment
keywords: DCE; DRE; DWI; EPE; ERC; MP-MRI; MR; MRI; NPV; PCa; PPV; PSA; PSM; RP; SVI; TRUS; diffusion weighted MRI; digital rectal examination; dynamic contrast enhanced; endorectal coil; extraprostatic extension; magnetic resonance; magnetic resonance imaging; multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging; negative predictive value; neoplasm staging; positive predictive value; positive surgical margin; predictive value of tests; prostate cancer; prostate specific antigen; prostatic neoplasms; radical prostatectomy; risk; seminal vesicle invasion; transrectal ultrasound