title: Materials design from nonequilibrium steady states: driven graphene as a tunable semiconductor with topological properties.
abstract: Controlling the properties of materials by driving them out of equilibrium is an exciting prospect that has only recently begun to be explored. In this Letter we give a striking theoretical example of such materials design: a tunable gap in monolayer graphene is generated by exciting a particular optical phonon. We show that the system reaches a steady state whose transport properties are the same as if the system had a static electronic gap, controllable by the driving amplitude. Moreover, the steady state displays topological phenomena: there are chiral edge currents, which circulate a fractional charge e/2 per rotation cycle, with the frequency set by the optical phonon frequency.
authors.affiliation: Physics Department, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iadecola
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chamon
authors.forename: Chang-Yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: Roman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jackiw
authors.forename: So-Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Pi
authors.forename: Silvia Viola
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Kusminskiy