title: Arthroscopic management of recalcitrant stiffness following rotator cuff repair: A retrospective analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Rotator cuff repair surgery is one of the most commonly performed procedures in the world but limited literature exists for guidance of optimal management of post-operative arthrofibrosis following cuff repair. The purpose of this study is to report the results of arthroscopic capsular release, lysis of adhesions, manipulation under anesthesia, and aggressive physical therapy in patients with recalcitrant postoperative stiffness after rotator cuff repair.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-nine patients who had recalcitrant arthrofibrosis following either an arthroscopic (62%), open (28%), or mini-open (10%) rotator cuff repair were included in study. The average age at the time of index cuff repair surgery was 49.8 years (range 24-70 years). Sixteen patients (55%) were involved in worker's compensation claims. The mean time from the date of index operation to lysis of adhesions was 9.7 months (range 4.2-36.2 months), and the mean time from lysis of adhesion to most recent follow-up 18.2 months (range 4.1-43.7 months). Post-operative evaluation was performed using American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Score (ASES), Visual Analog Score (VAS), Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE), and Simple Shoulder Test (SST) on 18 (62%), while range of motion (ROM), dynamometer strength testing, and Constant-Murley Scoring were performed on 13 (45%). Statistical analysis was performed using a Student's t-test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prior to arthroscopic lysis of adhesions, mean forward active elevation (FE) was 103.8°, (range 60-145° (SD 26.3) and external rotation at the side (ERS) was 25.3°, (range 5-70° SD 15.1°). Post-operatively, at the most recent follow-up, FE was significantly improved to 158.3°, (range 110-180° SD 22.3°), and ERS improved to 58.9°, (range 15-90° SD 18.6°) in both cases. Involvement in a worker's compensation claim resulted in a lower ASES, VAS, and SANE score, but there was no statistically significant difference in motion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Arthroscopic capsular release, lysis of adhesions, and manipulation under anesthesia is a safe, reliable method of treating persistent stiffness following rotator cuff repair.
authors.affiliation: Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Sanjeev
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhatia
authors.forename: Richard C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Mather
authors.forename: Andrew R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Amon T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Ferry
authors.forename: Anthony A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Romeo
authors.forename: Gregory P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Nicholson
authors.forename: Brian J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Cole
authors.forename: Nikhil N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Verma
keywords: Arthroscopic lysis; rotator cuff repair; stiffness