title: Brief intervention to preteens and adolescents to create smoke-free homes and cotinine results: a randomized trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Little research has focused on brief and practical strategies for addressing environmental tobacco smoke exposure through interventions focused explicitly on creating a smoke-free home.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used a two-group (intervention and control groups) repeated-measures randomized controlled trial design. Families were randomized to the intervention (n = 176) or control (n = 176) condition after the baseline interview, with outcome assessments for reported and urine cotinine measures at 2 (post-intervention), 6 (follow-up) and 12 (follow-up) months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline urinary cotinine levels of both groups were not statistically significantly different (P > 0.05); however, post-intervention urinary cotinine levels were significantly different at 2, 6 and 12 months after start of the study (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As a physician-based brief intervention, our intervention was effective. Clinical providers might offer feedback and brief interventions to preteens and adolescents. Because of the ease of intervention on delivery, this intervention has the potential to have significant impact if widely disseminated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Social and Developmental Pediatrics, Dr. Sami Ulus Children and Maternity Training Hospital, Ankara 06100, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gonca
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.forename: Nilgün
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Caylan
authors.forename: Can Demir
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Karacan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002648:Child; D003367:Cotinine / Q000652:urine*; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005260:Female; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010290:Parents; D012111:Residence Characteristics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; D003367:Cotinine
keywords: adolescent; cotinine; tobacco smoke pollution