title: Utilitarian cycling in Belgium: a cross-sectional study in a sample of regular cyclists.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  For an accurate estimation of health benefits and hazards of utilitarian cycling, a prospective collection of bicycle usage data (exposure) is fundamental. Individual and environmental correlates are necessary to guide health promotion and traffic safety issues. Firstly, this study aims to report on utilitarian bicycle usage in Belgium, using a prospective data collection in regular adult commuter cyclists. Secondly, the association is explored between the individual variation in bicycle usage and individual and environmental correlates.
  
  
  METHODS
  1187 regular adult cyclists filled out travel diaries prospectively. Multivariate linear regression with Stepwise selection (SMLR) models studied the association between exposure and individual and environmental correlates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Higher age and availability of cycle paths have a positive association with bicycle usage to work. Women cycle significant less compared with men, and so do cyclists with 'poor' or 'average' health. Living in an urban crown (opposed to city center) and living in Flanders (opposed to Brussels or Wallonia) is associated with significantly more cycling.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Utilitarian cycling is related to regional differences, level of urbanization of the place of residence, availability of bicycle paths, and gender. These findings are useful in estimating health benefits and hazards of utilitarian cycling among regular Belgian cyclists.
authors.affiliation: Dept of Human Physiology and Sports Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Bas
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: de Geus
authors.forename: Bart
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Degraeuwe
authors.forename: Grégory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vandenbulcke
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Int Panis
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Joris
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aertsens
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: De Weerdt
authors.forename: Rudi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Torfs
authors.forename: Romain
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Meeusen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001530:Belgium; D001642:Bicycling / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004777:Environment; D005260:Female; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D014186:Transportation / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult