title: Early changes in muscle atrophy and muscle fiber type conversion after spinal cord transection and peripheral nerve transection in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Spinal cord transection and peripheral nerve transection cause muscle atrophy and muscle fiber type conversion. It is still unknown how spinal cord transection and peripheral nerve transection each affect the differentiation of muscle fiber type conversion mechanism and muscle atrophy. The aim of our study was to evaluate the difference of muscle weight change, muscle fiber type conversion, and Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivatior-1α (PGC-1α) expression brought about by spinal cord transection and by peripheral nerve transection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four Wistar rats underwent surgery, the control rats underwent a laminectomy; the spinal cord injury group underwent a spinal cord transection; the denervation group underwent a sciatic nerve transection. The rats were harvested of the soleus muscle and the TA muscle at 0 week, 1 week and 2 weeks after surgery. Histological examination was assessed using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and immunofluorescent staing. Western blot was performed with 3 groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both sciatic nerve transection and spinal cord transection caused muscle atrophy with the effect being more severe after sciatic nerve transection. Spinal cord transection caused a reduction in the expression of both sMHC protein and PGC-1α protein in the soleus muscle. On the other hand, sciatic nerve transection produced an increase in expression of sMHC protein and PGC-1α protein in the soleus muscle. The results of the expression of PGC-1α were expected in other words muscle atrophy after sciatic nerve transection is less than after spinal cord transection, however muscle atrophy after sciatic nerve transection was more severe than after spinal cord transection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the conclusion, spinal cord transection diminished the expression of sMHC protein and PGC-1α protein in the soleus muscle. On the other hand, sciatic nerve transection enhanced the expression of sMHC protein and PGC-1α protein in the soleus muscle.
authors.forename: Kosaku
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Higashino
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsuura
authors.forename: Katsuyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suganuma
authors.forename: Kiminori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yukata
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishisho
authors.forename: Natsuo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yasui
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D018485:Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000294:innervation / Q000473:pathology; D009133:Muscular Atrophy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D009929:Organ Size / Q000502:physiology; D059348:Peripheral Nerve Injuries / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D000071248:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012584:Sciatic Nerve / Q000293:injuries; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000071248:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha; C501429:Ppargc1a protein, rat; D014157:Transcription Factors