title: Comparison of the vertical and the highest point of shoulder methods in brachial plexus block.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Brachial plexus block by the highest point of the shoulder method may decrease the rate of complication in comparing with the vertical method because the needle is more lateral in the former. We aimed to investigate the highest point of the shoulder block technique against the vertical infraclavicular plexus method regarding the success rates and complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty patients with ASA I-III undergoing elective surgery were included in this study. Patients were divided into two groups, randomly. Group 1 was the highest point of the shoulder method (n of 15), and goup 2 was the vertical approach technique (n of 15). The extensor motor response of hand, wrist and elbow (The target nerves in the operation area: n. medianus, n. ulnaris, n. radialis and n. musculocutanaeus) was obtained by neurostimulation technique. Then, 30 ml bupivacaine (0.5%) was used for the initial block. Spread of analgesia and sensory and motor blocks were evaluated every 5 minutes by an anesthesiologist who was blind to the block techniques.
  
  
  METHODS
  T-test and Mann-Whitney U test were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Successful block was achieved in all patients in both groups. There was no difference among the groups for the onset of block and the duration of block (both sensory and motor), the number of attempt, and the depth of the neddle. One patient developed pneumothorax in group 2. Procedure time of the block was longer in group 2 than in group 1 (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The highest point of shoulder method with a less complication rate and shorter procedure time has a comparable success rate to vertical approach technique.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anasthesia, Vakif Gureba Education and Teaching Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Kiritoglu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: S
authors.forename: Basaranoglu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: G
authors.forename: Comlekci
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: M
authors.forename: Suren
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: M
authors.forename: Erkalp
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: K
authors.forename: Teker
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: G
authors.forename: Saidoglu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: L
keywords: anesthetics; brachial plexus block; complication; infraclavicular block; pain; reliability; technique; the highest point of shoulder; vertical