title: Comparing two methods of identifying alliance rupture events.
abstract: This study compared two methods of detecting ruptures in therapy sessions, a procedure based on a self-report measure, the Working Alliance Inventory (WAI), and an observational Rupture Resolution Rating System (3RS). We anticipated that the 3RS would detect more ruptures than the WAI. We examined the longitudinal data of 38 patient-therapist dyads in a cognitive-behavioral therapy condition. The sample included cases that did not complete treatment (dropped cases) as well as good-outcome and poor-outcome cases. At the end of each session, patients completed the WAI self-report questionnaire. Six judges were trained to observe and detect the occurrence of ruptures, and then rated 201 videotaped sessions. Longitudinal statistical models were applied to the data retrieved from the WAI questionnaires completed by patients. We found discrepancies in the ability of the two methods to detect rupture events with the observational 3RS detecting more ruptures than the WAI. Thus, the use of observational systems for the detection of alliance ruptures is crucial for effectively assessing the quality of the therapeutic alliance over the course of treatment. Furthermore, observational systems proven to detect ruptures can be used to improve clinical practice and training of new clinicians.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Psychology, School of Psychology, University of Minho.
authors.forename: Joana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Coutinho
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Psychology, School of Psychology, University of Minho.
authors.forename: Eugénia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: Department of Mathematics and Applications, University of Minho.
authors.forename: Inês
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sousa
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology New School for Social Research.
authors.forename: Jeremy D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Safran
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D034462:Dissent and Disputes; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011369:Professional-Patient Relations; D057566:Self Report / Q000592:standards*; D055815:Young Adult