title: Anti-infective potential of marine invertebrates and seaweeds from the Brazilian coast.
abstract: This manuscript describes the evaluation of anti-infective potential in vitro of organic extracts from nine sponges, one ascidian, two octocorals, one bryozoan, and 27 seaweed species collected along the Brazilian coast. Antimicrobial activity was tested against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and Candida albicans (ATCC 10231) by the disk diffusion method. Antiprotozoal activity was evaluated against Leishmania braziliensis (MHOM/BR/96/LSC96-H3) promastigotes and Trypanosoma cruzi (MHOM/BR/00/Y) epimastigotes by MTT assay. Activity against intracellular amastigotes of T. cruzi and L. brasiliensis in murine macrophages was also evaluated. Antiviral activity was tested against Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 (HSV-1, KOS strain) by the plaque number reduction assay (IC₅₀). Cytotoxicity on VERO cells was evaluated by the MTT assay (CC₅₀). The results were expressed as SI = CC₅₀/IC₅₀. The most promising antimicrobial results were obtained against S. aureus and C. albicans with Dragmacidon reticulatum. Among the seaweeds, only Osmundaria obtusiloba showed moderate activity against P. aeruginosa. Concerning antiprotozoal activity, Bugula neritina, Carijoa riseii, Dragmaxia anomala and Haliclona (Halichoclona) sp. showed the most interesting results, mainly against extracellular promastigote forms of L. braziliensis (66, 35.9, 97.2, and 43.6% inhibition, respectively). Moreover, six species of seaweeds Anadyomene saldanhae, Caulerpa cupressoides, Canistrocarpus cervicornis, Dictyota sp., Ochtodes secundiramea, and Padina sp. showed promising results against L. braziliensis (87.9, 51.7, 85.9, 93.3, 99.7, and 80.9% inhibition, respectively), and only Dictyota sp. was effective against T. cruzi (60.4% inhibition). Finally, the antiherpes activity was also evaluated, with Haliclona (Halichoclona) sp. and Petromica citrina showing the best results (SI = 11.9 and SI > 5, respectively). All the active extracts deserve special attention in further studies to chemically characterize the bioactive compounds, and to perform more refined biological assays.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Produtos Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, CEP 88.040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil.
authors.forename: Everson Miguel
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Bianco
authors.forename: Simone Quintana
authors.initials: SQ
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rigotto
authors.forename: Maiko Luis
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Tonini
authors.forename: Tatiana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: da Rosa Guimarães
authors.forename: Francine
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bittencourt
authors.forename: Lidiane Pires
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Gouvêa
authors.forename: Cassandra
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Aresi
authors.forename: Maria Tereza Rojo
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: de Almeida
authors.forename: Maria Izabel Goularte
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Moritz
authors.forename: Cintia Dalcuche Leal
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Scherner
authors.forename: João Luís
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Carraro
authors.forename: Paulo Antunes
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Horta
authors.forename: Flávio Henrique
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Reginatto
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Steindel
authors.forename: Cláudia Maria Oliveira
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Simões
authors.forename: Eloir Paulo
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Schenkel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D037421:Anthozoa / Q000737:chemistry*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D001419:Bacteria / Q000254:growth & development; D001938:Brazil; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D003603:Cytotoxins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D007892:Leishmania braziliensis / Q000254:growth & development; D011161:Porifera / Q000737:chemistry*; D012624:Seaweed / Q000737:chemistry*; D014349:Trypanosoma cruzi / Q000254:growth & development; D014561:Urochordata / Q000737:chemistry*; D014709:Vero Cells
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D003603:Cytotoxins