title: A standard vector for the chromosomal integration and characterization of BioBrick™ parts in Escherichia coli.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The chromosomal integration of biological parts in the host genome enables the engineering of plasmid-free stable strains with single-copy insertions of the desired gene networks. Although different integrative vectors were proposed, no standard pre-assembled genetic tool is available to carry out this task. Synthetic biology concepts can contribute to the development of standardized and user friendly solutions to easily produce engineered strains and to rapidly characterize the desired genetic parts in single-copy context.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this work we report the design of a novel integrative vector that allows the genomic integration of biological parts compatible with the RFC10, RFC23 and RFC12 BioBrick™ standards in Escherichia coli. It can also be specialized by using BioBrick™ parts to target the desired integration site in the host genome. The usefulness of this vector has been demonstrated by integrating a set of BioBrick™ devices in two different loci of the E. coli chromosome and by characterizing their activity in single-copy. Construct stability has also been evaluated and compared with plasmid-borne solutions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Physical modularity of biological parts has been successfully applied to construct a ready-to-engineer BioBrick™ vector, suitable for a stable chromosomal insertion of standard parts via the desired recombination method, i.e. the bacteriophage integration mechanism or homologous recombination. In contrast with previously proposed solutions, it is a pre-assembled vector containing properly-placed restriction sites for the direct transfer of various formats of BioBrick™ parts. This vector can facilitate the characterization of parts avoiding copy number artefacts and the construction of antibiotic resistance-free engineered microbes, suitable for industrial use.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale e dell'Informazione, Università degli Studi di Pavia, via Ferrata 3, Pavia, Italy. paolo.magni@unipv.it.
authors.forename: Susanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zucca
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pasotti
authors.forename: Nicolò
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Politi
authors.forename: Maria Gabriella
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Cusella De Angelis
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Magni