title: Regional difference in colonic motility response to electrical field stimulation in Guinea pig.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In isolated guinea-pig colon, we investigated regional differences in peristalsis evoked by intrinsic electrical nerve stimulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four colonic segments from mid and distal colon of Hartley guinea pigs, were mounted horizontally in an organ bath. Measurement of pellet propulsion time, intraluminal pressure, electrical field stimulation (EFS; 0.5 ms, 60 V, 10 Hz), and response of pharmacological antagonists, were performed to isolated segments of colon to determine the mechanisms underlying peristaltic reflexes evoked by focal electrical nerve stimuli.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In fecal pellet propulsion study, the velocity of pellet propulsion was significantly faster in the distal colon and decreased gradually to the proximal part of the mid colon. Intraluminal pressure recording studies showed that luminal infusion initiated normal peristaltic contractions (PCs) in 82% trials of the distal colon, compared to that of mid colon. In response to EFS, the incidence of PCs was significantly increased in the distal colon in contrast, the incidence of non-peristaltic contractions (NPCs) was significantly higher in the middle-mid colon, distal-mid colon and distal colon, compared to that of proximal-mid colon. Addition of L-NAME into the bath increased the frequency of NPCs. EFS failed to cause any PCs or NPCs contractions in the presence of hexamethonium, atropine or tetrodotoxin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study has revealed that electrical nerve stimulation of distal colon is the most likely region to elicit a peristaltic wave, compared with the mid or proximal colon. Our findings suggest that EFS-evoked PCs can be modulated by endogenous nitric oxide.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin and Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, USA. ; Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jung Myun
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kwak
authors.forename: Reji
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Babygirija
authors.forename: Irena
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gribovskaja-Rupp
authors.forename: Toku
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamato
authors.forename: Kirk
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ludwig
keywords: Anti-peristalsis; Colonic transit; Nitric oxide