title: Paranasal sinus squamous cell carcinoma incidence and survival based on Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data, 1973 to 2009.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Paranasal sinus squamous cell carcinomas (PNSSCC) account for 3% of all head and neck malignancies. There has been little information on the trends in incidence and survival, and no randomized trials have been conducted to guide therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with PNSSCC reported to the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program from 1973 through 2009 were categorized by sex, age, year of diagnosis, primary site, stage, and treatment. The incidence and survival were then compared across different demographic and disease-related categories by calculating rate ratios (RRs) and mortality hazard ratios along with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 2553 patients with PNSSCC were identified. While incidence of PNSSCC showed a gradual decline, survival remained largely unchanged. The proportion of patients with advanced disease decreased from 14.7% during the period from 1983 to 1992 to 12.4% during 1993-2002 and to 9.5% during 2003-2009. Compared with whites, incidence was higher among African Americans (RR 1.63; 95% CI, 1.39, 1.90) and among all other racial groups (RR, 1.78; 95% CI: 1.53-2.07). After adjusting for age, sex, disease stage, tumor site, and treatment, mortality among African American patients also was increased (hazard ratio, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.04-1.43). Among patients with localized disease, the relation between race and mortality was no longer evident once the results were controlled for tumor classification.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current findings point to racial disparities in the incidence of PNSSCC and, to a lesser extent, in the outcome of patients with PNSSCC. Although there has been a decline in the proportion of patients presenting with advanced PNSSCC, the overall survival remained stable over time.
authors.affiliation: Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ansa
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goodman
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: Scott A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Kono
authors.forename: Taofeek K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Owonikoko
authors.forename: Kristin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Higgins
authors.forename: Jonathan J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Beitler
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Grist
authors.forename: Trad
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wadsworth
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: El-Deiry
authors.forename: Amy Y
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Fadlo Raja
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Khuri
authors.forename: Dong M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Nabil F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Saba
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy; D005005:Ethmoid Sinus; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008444:Maxillary Sinus Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010255:Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D018426:SEER Program; D015996:Survival Rate; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: incidence and survival of sinonasal cancers; paranasal sinus; squamous cell carcinoma