title: Protective and risk factors of early sexual initiation in youth subcultures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the association between subculture affiliation (Hip-hop, Techno-scene, Metal, Punk, Skinheads) and early sexual initiation, and whether gender, family affluence, peer influence, lack of parental bonding and lack of parental monitoring explain this association.
  
  
  METHODS
  We collected data on 15-year-old primary school pupils who participated in the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children 2009/2010 study. The association of subculture affiliation with early sexual initiation was adjusted for gender, family affluence, peer influence, lack of parental bonding and lack of parental monitoring in five consecutive models using logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nearly 50% of the adolescents had a subculture affiliation. These youths were significantly more likely than other adolescents to have had sexual intercourse. Peer influence explained 49% of this association. Adding lack of parental bonding and lack of parental monitoring into the model weakened the association of subculture affiliation with early sexual initiation (20%), but this association remained statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Youth subculture affiliation is strongly correlated with early sexual initiation. This association is mediated for a large part by peer influence and defective parental monitoring and bonding. Health promotion regarding early sexual initiation should therefore in particular target adolescents under strong influence of peers and with weak parental relationships.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School, Kosice Institute for Society and Health, Safarik University, Kosice, Slovak Republic. daniela.bobakova@upjs.sk
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bobakova
authors.forename: Andrea Madarasova
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Geckova
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: Jitse P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: van Dijk
authors.forename: Sijmen A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Reijneveld
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D000367:Age Factors; D003469:Culture; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D010379:Peer Group; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D018154:Slovakia; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires