title: Bioaccessibility of carotenoids from transgenic provitamin A biofortified sorghum.
abstract: Biofortified sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) lines are being developed to target vitamin A deficiency in Sub-Saharan Africa, but the delivery of provitamin A carotenoids from such diverse germplasms has not been evaluated. The purpose of this study was to screen vectors and independent transgenic events for the bioaccessibility of provitamin A carotenoids using an in vitro digestion model. The germplasm background and transgenic sorghum contained 1.0-1.5 and 3.3-14.0 μg/g β-carotene equivalents on a dry weight basis (DW), respectively. Test porridges made from milled transgenic sorghum contained up to 250 μg of β-carotene equivalents per 100 g of porridge on a fresh weight basis (FW). Micellarization efficiency of all-trans-β-carotene was lower (p < 0.05) from transgenic sorghum (1-5%) than from null/nontransgenic sorghum (6-11%) but not different between vector constructs. Carotenoid bioaccessibility was significantly improved (p < 0.05) by increasing the amount of coformulated lipid in test porridges from 5% w/w to 10% w/w. Transgenic sorghum event Homo188-A contained the greatest bioaccessible β-carotene content, with a 4-8-fold increase from null/nontransgenic sorghum. While the bioavailability and bioconversion of provitamin A carotenoids from these grains must be confirmed in vivo, these data support the notion that biofortification of sorghum can enhance total and bioaccessible provitamin A carotenoid levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, Purdue University, 745 Agriculture Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.
authors.forename: Tristan E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Lipkie
authors.forename: Fabiana F
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: De Moura
authors.forename: Zuo-Yu
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Marc C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Albertsen
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Che
authors.forename: Kimberly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Glassman
authors.forename: Mario G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Ferruzzi
mesh_terms: D002338:Carotenoids / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D003296:Cooking; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000378:metabolism; D004063:Digestion; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated / Q000378:metabolism; D005511:Food Handling; D006801:Humans; D008823:Micelles; D008954:Models, Biological; D009753:Nutritive Value; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000737:chemistry*; D000074262:Rapeseed Oil; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D045868:Sorghum / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D008823:Micelles; D000074262:Rapeseed Oil; D014801:Vitamin A; D002338:Carotenoids