title: Cold, cholinergic and aquagenic urticaria in children: presentation of three cases and review of the literature.
abstract: Urticaria can be induced with a wide variety of environmental stimuli, such as cold, pressure, vibration, sunlight, exercise, temperature changes, heat, and water. Urticaria caused by physical factors has been reported as the cause of 6-17% of the chronic urticaria in children. We present three cases here - cholinergic, cold and aquagenic urticaria - in which the diagnosis was proven with exercise, ice-cube and water provocation tests, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey. zeynep.ayyildiz@deu.edu.tr
authors.forename: Zeynep
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Arıkan-Ayyıldız
authors.forename: Sakine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Işık
authors.forename: Sule
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cağlayan-Sözmen
authors.forename: Ozkan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Karaman
authors.forename: Nevin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Uzuner
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003080:Cold Temperature; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D014581:Urticaria / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D000094482:Chronic Inducible Urticaria