title: Post stimulus effects of high frequency biphasic electrical current on a fibre's conductibility in isolated frog nerves.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  High frequency biphasic (HFB) electrical currents are widely used in nerve blocking studies. Their safety margins largely remain unknown and need to be investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study, exploring the post stimulus effects of HFB electrical currents on a nerve's conductibility, was performed on bullfrog sciatic nerves. Both compound action potentials (CAPs) and differential CAPs (DCAPs, i.e. control CAPs subtracted by CAPs following HFB currents) were obtained, and N1 and N2 components, which were the first and second upward components of DCAPs, were used for analyses of the effects introduced by HFB electrical stimulation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  First, HFB currents of 10 kHz at a completely blocking threshold were applied for 5 s. The maximum amplitudes and conducting velocities of the CAPs were significantly (P < 0.02) decreased within the observed period (60 s) following HFB currents. The DCAPs displayed clear N1 and N2 components, demonstrating respectively the losses of the fibres' normal conductibility and the appearances of new delayed conductions. Decreases of N1 amplitudes along time, regarded as the recovery of the nerve's conductibility, exhibited two distinct phases: a fast one lasting several seconds and a slow one lasting longer than 5 min. Further tests showed a linear relationship between the HFB stimulation durations and recovering periods of N1 amplitudes. Supra-threshold blocking did not cause higher N1 amplitudes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study indicates that HFB electrical currents lead to long lasting post stimulus reduction of a nerve's conductibility, which might relate to potential nerve injuries. A possible mechanism, focusing on changes in intracellular and periaxonal ionic concentrations, was proposed to underlie the reduction of the nerve's conductibility and potential nerve injuries. Greater caution and stimulation protocols with greater safety margins should be explored when utilizing HFB electrical current to block nerve conductions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China. hlliu@dlut.edu.cn
authors.forename: Hailong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Linlin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Shulei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sheng
authors.forename: Lifei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Hongmin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Tianshuang
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Qiu
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D009412:Nerve Fibers / Q000502:physiology*; D009431:Neural Conduction / Q000502:physiology*; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000502:physiology*; D011892:Rana catesbeiana / Q000502:physiology*