title: Feasibility of sentinel node navigation surgery after noncurative endoscopic resection for early gastric cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recently, the use of additional surgery after noncurative endoscopic resection has gradually increased due to the rapid spread of endoscopic treatments in selected patients with early gastric cancer. Sentinel node navigation surgery (SNNS) has also been recognized as a minimally invasive surgery with personalized lymphadenectomy in early gastric cancer. Here, we assessed the feasibility of SNNS after noncurative endoscopic resection for early gastric cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen patients with early gastric cancer, in whom additional surgery had been indicated due to noncurative endoscopic resection, were enrolled. They underwent a gastrectomy with standard lymphadenectomy. One day before surgery, (99m) technetium-tin colloid was endoscopically injected into the submucosa around the tumor. After surgery, the uptake of radioisotope in dissected lymph nodes was measured using Navigator GPS. Then, all dissected lymph nodes were investigated by hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemistry using an antihuman cytokeratin monoclonal antibody.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hematoxylin-eosin staining demonstrated lymph node metastasis in two (12.5%) of 16 patients and in three (0.8%) of 382 nodes. However, immunohistochemistry showed that none of the patients had lymph node micrometastasis. Sentinel nodes (SNs) were identified in all patients. The mean number of SNs was 3.1 (range, 1-6). Among two patients with lymph node metastasis, the SNs, at least, contained positive nodes. Accordingly, the false-negative and accuracy rates were 0% and 100%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that SNNS may have potential as a further minimally invasive surgery in early gastric cancer patients after noncurative endoscopic resection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Field of Oncology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan. arigami@m.kufm.kagoshima-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Takaaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Arigami
authors.forename: Yoshikazu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Uenosono
authors.forename: Shigehiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yanagita
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Matsushita
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Arima
authors.forename: Munetsugu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hirata
authors.forename: Yasuto
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Uchikado
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nakajo
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okumura
authors.forename: Sumiya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ishigami
authors.forename: Shuichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hokita
authors.forename: Shoji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Natsugoe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005743:Gastrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D005773:Gastroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000379:methods*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy / Q000379:methods*; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D017211:Treatment Failure; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: endoscopic resection; gastric cancer; sentinel node navigation surgery