title: The anti-inflammatory action of Bothrops jararaca snake antithrombin on acute inflammation induced by carrageenan in mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Antithrombin is known as the most important natural coagulation inhibitor and has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of Bothrops jararaca antithrombin on acute inflammation induced by carrageenan in mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated the anti-inflammatory activity of antithrombin on models of paw edema formation, cell migration and leukocyte-endothelium interaction in mice (Swiss; n = 5). Acute inflammation was induced by the administration of carrageenan (15 mg kg⁻¹).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment with B. jararaca antithrombin (1 mg kg⁻¹) 1 h before or after carrageenan administration significantly inhibited paw edema formation, reduced cell influx to the peritoneal cavity due to reduction in the migration of polymorphonuclear cells, and attenuated leukocyte rolling in the microcirculation of the cremaster muscle.The effects of antithrombin on vascular and cellular events of inflammation were completely abolished by treatment with the cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor indomethacin (4 mg kg⁻¹), suggesting the involvement of prostacyclin in the mechanism of inflammation inhibition by B. jararaca antithrombin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This work showed for the first time the anti-inflammatory properties of B. jararaca antithrombin on vascular and cellular events of inflammation. These findings suggest that antithrombin is effective in preventing paw edema formation, cell migration and leukocyte rolling induced by carrageenan in mice.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Herpetologia, Instituto Butantan, Avenida Vital Brazil, 1500, CEP 05503-900, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: de Morais-Zani
authors.forename: Fernanda Peixoto Barbosa
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Nunes
authors.forename: Jacilene Barbosa
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.forename: Márcio José
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Kathleen Fernandes
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Grego
authors.forename: Mônica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lopes-Ferreira
authors.forename: Aparecida Sadae
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Anita Mitico
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Tanaka-Azevedo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000991:Antithrombins / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017837:Bothrops; D002351:Carrageenan; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000502:physiology; D005528:Foot; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010529:Peritoneal Cavity / Q000166:cytology
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000991:Antithrombins; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D002351:Carrageenan; D007213:Indomethacin