title: [Pathogenic analysis of solid organ transplant recipients with pulmonary opportunistic infections via bronchoscopy].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the diagnostic utility of bronchoscopy in solid organ transplant recipients with pulmonary opportunistic infections.
  
  
  METHODS
  From December 2006 to September 2011, 117 cases of bronchoscopy with protected specimen brush and bronchoalveolar lavage were performed in 114 solid organ transplant recipients at Tianjin First Central Hospital. The indication for bronchoscopy was suspected pulmonary infections. The bronchoscopic manifestations were described and the specimens analyzed with regards to bacteriology, cytomegalovirus, P carinii, mycobacterium tuberculosis and other fungal cultures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A definite infectious etiology was confirmed in 63 patients (53.8%). And opportunistic infections were the most frequent etiology (56/63, 88.9% including 7 cases with two mixed opportunistic infections). Among 63 pathogens, P carinii was demonstrated in 36 episodes, cytomegalovirus in 24 episodes and mycobacterium tuberculosis in 3 episodes. Bacterial infections (mainly Gram-negative) accounted for 16 of 63 episodes (25.9% including 9 cases with mixed opportunistic/bacterial infection). In accordance with the diagnostic results, antibiotic treatment was changed in 45 cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As an extremely useful tool, bronchoscopy is of great value for pathogenic detection in transplant recipients with suspected pulmonary infections, especially for opportunistic infections. And the bronchoscopic findings may guide targeted antimicrobial therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, China. chenjianing1100@163.com
authors.forename: Jia-ning
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001999:Bronchoscopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009894:Opportunistic Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D016377:Organ Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D011020:Pneumonia, Pneumocystis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology; D011024:Pneumonia, Viral / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000821:virology