title: The expression of a nitric oxide derivative, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-3, and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-4 in chronic periodontitis with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to analyze the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthases (iNOS), tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-3, and TIMP-4 in the gingival tissues of periodontal patients with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Depending on the patient's systemic condition and clinical criteria of the gingiva, each gingival sample was classified into one of three groups. Sixteen clinically, systemically healthy patients (group 1), 16 periodontal patients (group 2), and 16 periodontal patients with DM (group 3) were included. Tissue samples in each group were collected, prepared, and analyzed by western blotting. Quantification of the relative amount of TIMP-3, TIMP-4, and iNOS was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The expression levels of iNOS and TIMP-3 both increased in group 1, group 2, and group 3 in increasing order, and were significantly higher in both group 2 and group 3 as compared to group 1 (P<0.05). The expression levels of TIMP-4 increased in the same order, but significantly increased in group 2 as compared to group 1, in group 3 as compared to group 1, and group 3 as compared to group 2 (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated that iNOS, TIMP-3, and TIMP-4 might be involved in the progression of periodontal inflammation associated with type 2 DM. It is thought that further study of these factors can be applied practically for the diagnosis and control of periodontitis in diabetics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Kyungpook National University School of Dentistry, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Yub
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Yong-Gun
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jin-Woo
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Jo-Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Suh
authors.forename: Jae-Mok
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lee
keywords: Chronic periodontitis; Diabetes mellitus; Nitric oxide synthase; Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases