title: A population-based survey of the prevalence and types of glaucoma in central Iran: the Yazd eye study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the prevalence and types of glaucoma in Yazd, central Iran.
  
  
  METHODS
  Population-based, cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Iranian adults aged 40 to 80 years, residing in Yazd, Iran, in 2010 and 2011.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eligible samples were selected using cluster random sampling. Each participant underwent an interview and ophthalmologic examinations, including refraction, determination of uncorrected and best-corrected visual acuity, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, Goldmann applanation tonometry, gonioscopy, dilated fundus examination, central corneal thickness measurement, visual field testing, and stereoscopic fundus photography.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prevalence of different types of glaucoma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 2320 eligible individuals, 2098 (response rate, 90.4%) participated in the study and 1990 completed all evaluations for glaucoma diagnosis. Overall, 47 persons (2.4%) were categorized with ocular hypertension, 32 persons (1.6%) were categorized with primary angle-closure suspect (PACS), and 16 persons (0.8%) were categorized with primary angle closure (PAC). The total number of subjects with glaucoma was 87 (4.4%; 95% confidence interval, 3.3-5.4), consisting of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG, 3.2%, including high-tension glaucoma [1.7%] and normal-tension glaucoma [NTG], 1.5%]), primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG, 0.4%), pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (0.4%), and other secondary glaucomas (0.4%). The mean age of subjects with glaucoma was 63.3 ± 11 years, and 57.5% of them were female. Seventy-eight individuals (89.7%) were unaware of their disease. Positive family history of glaucoma was present in 6.9% of glaucoma subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of glaucoma in Yazd (4.4%) is comparable to that in other population-based studies in Asia, with POAG accounting for the majority of cases. Most affected subjects were unaware of their disease.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: mohpakravan@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pakravan
authors.forename: Shahin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yazdani
authors.forename: Mohammad-Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Javadi
authors.forename: Heidar
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Amini
authors.forename: Zohreh
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Behroozi
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ziaei
authors.forename: Marzieh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Katibeh
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Solaimanizad
authors.forename: Elham
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ghahari
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yaseri
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence