title: Simultaneous saline irrigation during retrograde rigid ureteroscopic lasertripsy for the prevention of proximal calculus migration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this paper, we analyze the clinical efficacy of a simultaneous saline irrigation method in treating upper-mid ureteral stone migration and evaluate its effectiveness during ureteroscopic lasertripsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively evaluated 78 patients with a total of 95 upper-mid ureteral stones, which were treated with holmium:YAG lasertripsy. These patients were randomized into 2 groups. In Group 1 (39 cases with 44 ureteral stones), conventional ureteroscopic lasertripsy was performed. In Group 2, (39 cases with 51 ureteral stones), the simultaneous saline irrigation method was used during lasertripsy. There was no significant difference between the groups with regards to stone site, size or state of the upper urinary tract by spiral computed tomography or excretory urography. Data were analyzed regarding stone migration, lengths of time, and ureteral clearing for various stages of each procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One patient in Group 2 (2%) experienced upward stone migration, while this occurred in 8 patients in Group 1 (20%). The operative time in Group 1 ranged from 35 to 55 minutes (mean: 44.8 ± 5.3), while in Group 2 it ranged from 40 to 69 minutes (mean: 50.4±3). There was no significant different in the operative times between the two groups (p < 0.05). Ureteral perforation, urinoma and urosepsis were not seen in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The simultaneous saline irrigation method demonstrated a statistically significant advantage over conventional methods. The operation can be performed persistently under clear vision, and since the stones cannot move upward, fragmented portions are easily flushed out. Our data suggest that this method is simple, safe and effective in preventing proximal stone migration during ureteroscopic lasertripsy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The People's Hospital of Yichun, Yichun, Jiang Xi, China;
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Fang-Li
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Peng