title: [Application of computed tomographic angiography in repairing skin defect after scalp avulsion with free latissimus dorsi flap transplantation].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the clinical value of computed tomographic angiography (CTA) and three-dimensional reconstruction technique in repairing scalp avulsion wound with large skull exposure by the free latissimus dorsi flap transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between October 2007 and June 2012, 9 female patients with serious scalp avulsion and large skull exposure were treated, aged 23-54 years (mean, 38 years). The injury causes included machine twist injury in 6 cases, traffic accident injury in 2 cases, and falling from height injury in 1 case. Before admission, 3 patients had scalp necrosis after scalp in situ replantation, and 6 patients underwent debridement and dressing. The time from injury to admission was 8 hours to 7 days (mean, 1 day). The avulsed scalp area ranged from 75% to 90% of the scalp area (mean, 81%); the exposed skull area ranged from 55% to 70% of the scalp area (mean, 63%). Two patients had unilateral auricle avulse. CTA was used to observe the superficial temporal artery and vein, facial artery, external jugular vein, dorsal thoracic artery and vein, and measure the blood vessel diameter before operation. According to the CTA results, the latissimus dorsal skin flaps were desinged to repair wounds in 7 cases, the latissimus dorsal muscle flaps combined with skin graft were used to repair wounds in 2 cases. According to preoperative design, operation was successfully completed in 7 cases; great saphenous vein was used as vascular graft in 2 cases having poor images of superficial temporal vessels. The size of latissimus dorsal skin flaps ranged from 20 cm x 14 cm to 25 cm x 20 cm; the donor site was repaired with skin graft. The size of latissimus dorsal muscle flaps were 23 cm x 16 cm and 16 cm x 10 cm; the donor site was directly sutured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The blood vessel diameter measured during operation was close to the value measured before operation. The operation time was 6-8 hours (mean, 6.5 hours). The latissimus dorsal muscle (skin) flap and skin graft survived, with primary healing of wound or incision at donor site. The patients were followed up 3 months-2 years (mean, 6 months). The flap had soft texture and skin had no ulceration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The free latissimus dorsi flaps can repair scalp avulsion with large skull exposure. Preoperative CTA can get the vessel anatomical structure and diameter at donor and recipient sites, which will guide the operation program design and implementation so as to shorten the operation time and improve the accuracy rate of vascular anastomosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Yunnan, 650101, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yongjing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Jihua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Yin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jingbo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Likun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Shuzhong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Jianping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Hongli
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000792:Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D058752:Free Tissue Flaps / Q000098:blood supply; D006085:Graft Survival; D006257:Head / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007430:Intraoperative Care; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000098:blood supply / Q000637:transplantation; D012535:Scalp / Q000098:blood supply / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D016038:Skin Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014945:Wound Healing; D055815:Young Adult