title: Modulation of opening of rat liver mitochondrial membrane permeability transition pore by different fractions of the leaves of Cnestis ferruginea. D.C.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Increased attention is now directed towards the search for novel naturally occurring anticancer agents that can induce mitochondrial membrane permeability transition (MMPT) pore opening and cell death as a chemotherapeutic mechanism to combat cancer incidence.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The inductive effects of partially purified fractions of leaves of Cnestis ferruginea- on rat liver MMPT pore opening was investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  De-fatted methanol extract of leaves of Cnestis ferruginea was partitioned between water, chloroform, ethylacetate, or butanol separately in succession. The extract solutions were concentrated at 40 degrees C to obtain water (WF), chloroform (CF), ethylacetate (EF) and butanol (BF) fractions. The effects of these fractions (0.2- 1.4 mg/ml) on MMPT pore opening or mitochondrial swelling in the presence and absence of calcium were evaluated The effects of these fractions on the rat liver mitochondrial F0F1-ATPase activity were also assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ca(2+)-induced MMPT pore opening was inhibited by 1 mg/ml each of MECF, CF, BF, WF and EF by 75.0%, 83.0%, 88.0%, 68.0%, and 71.0%, respectively and compared with the effect of spermine, a standard inhibitor. However, in the absence of Ca2+, the fractions significantly induced MMPT pore opening in intact mitochondria by 7.0, 5.7, 0.7, 4.8, 10.9 folds, respectively. In normal rat liver mitochondria, F1F0-ATPase activity was stimulated maximally by MECF, CF, EF, BF and WF by 4.7, 12.7, 1.6, 3.6 and 1.5 folds, respectively, thus indicating that the chloroform fraction is the most potent and therefore contains the active principle in the plant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study revealed that the leaves of Cnestis ferruginea contain bioactive substances that induced mitochondrial membrane permeability transition and activated the specific activity of F0F1 ATPase. Thus, suggesting strongly that these bioactive agents may serve as a useful chemotherapeutic strategy in cancer therapy.
authors.affiliation: Laboratories for Biomembrane Research and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Adisa
authors.forename: T D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Alabi
authors.forename: O O
authors.initials: OO
authors.lastname: Olorunsogo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D031961:Connaraceae; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015195:Drug Design; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008930:Mitochondria, Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D033681:Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051336:Mitochondrial Membranes / Q000378:metabolism; D000083162:Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore; D010539:Permeability / Q000187:drug effects*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves; D006180:Proton-Translocating ATPases / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013096:Spermine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D033681:Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins; D000083162:Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013096:Spermine; D006180:Proton-Translocating ATPases; D002118:Calcium