title: Worldwide spread of Dengue virus type 1.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  DENV-1 is one of the four viral serotypes that causes Dengue, the most common mosquito-borne viral disease of humans. The prevalence of these viruses has grown in recent decades and is now present in more than 100 countries. Limited studies document the spread of DENV-1 over the world despite its importance for human health.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We used representative DENV-1 envelope gene sequences to unravel the dynamics of viral diffusion under a Bayesian phylogeographic approach. Data included strains from 45 distinct geographic locations isolated from 1944 to 2009. The estimated mean rate of nucleotide substitution was 6.56 × 10⁻⁴ substitutions/site/year. The larger genotypes (I, IV and V) had a distinctive phylogenetic structure and since 1990 they experienced effective population size oscillations. Thailand and Indonesia represented the main sources of strains for neighboring countries. Besides, Asia broadcast lineages into the Americas and the Pacific region that diverged in isolation. Also, a transmission network analysis revealed the pivotal role of Indochina in the global diffusion of DENV-1 and of the Caribbean in the diffusion over the Americas.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study summarizes the spatiotemporal DENV-1 worldwide spread that may help disease control.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Evolution and Bioinformatics, Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Christian Julián
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Villabona-Arenas
authors.forename: Paolo Marinho de Andrade
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Zanotto
mesh_terms: D000349:Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D000569:Americas / Q000453:epidemiology; D001208:Asia / Q000453:epidemiology; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D003715:Dengue / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D003716:Dengue Virus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D059645:Mutation Rate; D010802:Phylogeny; D058974:Phylogeography; D012641:Selection, Genetic; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins
chemical_list: D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins