title: Endoscopic-guided sclerotherapy for renal-sparing treatment of idiopathic renal hematuria in dogs: 6 cases (2010-2012).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the use of sclerotherapy for the renal-sparing treatment of idiopathic renal hematuria (IRH) in dogs and report clinical outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  6 dogs (8 renal pelvises) with IRH.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records of dogs that underwent sclerotherapy were reviewed. Each ureterovesicular junction was identified cystoscopically to determine the side of bleeding, and a retrograde ureteropyelogram was performed with endoscopic and fluoroscopic guidance. A ureteropelvic junction balloon was used for ureteral occlusion, and pelvis filling volumes were recorded. A povidone iodine mixture, followed by a sterile silver nitrate solution, was infused into the renal pelvis. A double-pigtail ureteral stent was placed after the procedure. Information on preprocedure and postprocedure biochemical changes, imaging parameters, and clinical outcomes was obtained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  6 dogs (5 males and 1 female) had sclerotherapy for unilateral (4) or bilateral (2) bleeding. Five were right-sided and 3 were left-sided. The median age and weight of dogs were 3 years and 42.4 kg (93.28 lb), respectively. Median procedure time was 150 minutes. One dog that did not have a ureteral stent placed following the procedure developed short-term signs of renal pain and pyelectasis. Cessation of macroscopic hematuria occurred in 4 of 6 dogs (median, 6 hours). Two additional dogs improved moderately. Median follow-up time was 8 months (range, 3.5 to 20.5 months).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Topical sclerotherapy for IRH was safe and effective. Local sclerotherapy for IRH in dogs could be considered a valuable and minimally invasive renal-sparing treatment over ureteronephrectomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Animal Medical Center, 510 E 62nd St, New York, NY 10065, USA. Allyson.Berent@amcny.org
authors.forename: Allyson C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Berent
authors.forename: Chick W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Weisse
authors.forename: Erinne
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Branter
authors.forename: Larry G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: Alissa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aarhus
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Smee
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Berg
authors.forename: Demetrius H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Bagley
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D004285:Dogs; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D006417:Hematuria / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015911:Sclerotherapy / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*