title: The incidence of type 2 diabetes in the United Kingdom from 1991 to 2010.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize the incidence of type 2 diabetes in the UK over the previous 20 years; and determine if there has been an increase in people aged 40 years or less at diagnosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  For this retrospective cohort study, patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes between 1991 and 2010 were identified from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD). Patient data were grouped into 5-year intervals by year of diagnosis and age at diagnosis. A standardized incidence ratio (SIR) was determined (1991-1995 = 100). The percentage of newly diagnosed patients for each age group and aged ≤40 years was calculated for each 5-year calendar period. The incidence rate by age and 5-year calendar period was also determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 2010, the crude incidence rate of type 2 diabetes was 515 per 100,000 population. The overall SIR increased to 158 (95% CI 157-160, p < 0.001), 237 (235-238, p < 0.001) and 275 (273-276, p < 0.001) for 1996-2000, 2001-2005 and 2006-2010, respectively. For those ≤40, the respective values were 217 (209-226, p < 0.001), 327 (320-335, p < 0.001) and 598 (589-608, p < 0.001). An increase in incidence occurred with increasing 5-year calendar period. The incidence of type 2 diabetes was higher for males after the age of 40 and higher for females aged ≤40. The percentage of patients aged ≤40 years at diagnosis increased with each increasing 5-year calendar period (5.9, 8.4, 8.5 and 12.4%, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was a significant increase in the incidence of diagnosed type 2 diabetes between 1991 and 2010 and the proportion of people diagnosed at a relatively early age has increased markedly.
authors.affiliation: Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, The Pharma Research Centre, Cardiff MediCentre, Cardiff, UK.
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Holden
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Barnett
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jenkins-Jones
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Poole
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Currie
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D012042:Registries; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human
keywords: diabetes; epidemiology; incidence