title: Integration of academic and clinical performance-based faculty compensation plans: a system and its impact on an anaesthesiology department.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The current economic environment makes it difficult for academic institutions to maintain academic activities with necessary clinical coverage. Productivity-based faculty compensation is reported to improve clinical work output; however, the impact on academic productivity has not been fully described.
  
  
  METHODS
  An academic anaesthesiology department has used a comprehensive clinical and academic performance-based faculty compensation programme as fiscal year (FY) 2004. Faculty choosing to pursue an academic track can devote up to 80% of their time to non-clinical activities. Payment for this time is 'salary at risk', which is earned through a merit matrix system, which was newly developed to award points for various academic activities. Unclaimed portions of the salary at risk are absorbed into the department budget at the conclusion of the FY. Clinical activities are measured chiefly based on total hours of anaesthetic care.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Academic full-time equivalents (FTEs) decreased by 12.0% in FY2005 (FTE of 16.0-14.1) but recovered to the baseline level in FY2006 and remained stable. Clinical FTE also decreased by 6.6% in FY2005 (FTE of 109.1-101.9), then increased in FY2006-FY2010. Increased clinical work output was observed among the clinical and academic faculty members. Each academic faculty member successfully earned their salary at risk in each FY. The annual number of peer-reviewed publications per academic FTE in original research increased from 0.31 (0.18) (FY2001-FY2003) to 0.73 (0.14) (FY2006-FY2011), P=0.024.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Integration of clinical and academic performance-based faculty compensation systems is feasible and can be efficacious in a large academic anaesthesiology department.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center/University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hudson
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000046:Academic Medical Centers / Q000191:economics* / Q000458:organization & administration; D000776:Anesthesiology / Q000191:economics* / Q000458:organization & administration; D017598:Efficiency, Organizational / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004650:Employee Performance Appraisal / Q000379:methods; D005180:Faculty, Medical / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006302:Health Services Research / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D010380:Peer Review; D010414:Pennsylvania; D010816:Physician Incentive Plans / Q000191:economics* / Q000458:organization & administration; D011642:Publications / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012456:Salaries and Fringe Benefits / Q000191:economics
keywords: finance; incentive; payment; productivity; salary