title: Determination and comparison of radiotherapy dose responses for hepatocellular carcinoma and metastatic colorectal liver tumours.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to seek radiation dose responses separately for primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and metastatic (MET) colorectal liver tumours to establish tumour control probabilities (TCPs) for radiotherapy (RT) of liver tumours.
  
  
  METHODS
  The records of 36 HCC and 26 MET colorectal liver tumour patients were reviewed. The median dose per fraction and total dose were 4 Gy (2-10 Gy) and 52 Gy (29-83 Gy) for the HCC group and 3.6 Gy (2.0-13.0 Gy) and 55 Gy (30-80 Gy) for the MET group, respectively. Median tumour diameter was 6.6 cm (3.0-18.0 cm) and 5.0 cm (1.0-13.0 cm) for the HCC and MET groups, respectively. A logistic TCP model was fitted to the response data for each group using the maximum likelihood method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  50% and 90% probabilities of 6-month local control were estimated to be achievable by 2 Gy per fraction equivalent doses (α/β=10 Gy) of 53 Gy and 84 Gy for the HCC group and 70 Gy and 95 Gy for the MET group, respectively. Actuarial 1-year local control for the HCC and MET groups was 65% (45-85%) and 32% (6-58%), respectively, whereas median time to failure was 543 days (374-711 days) and 183 days (72-294 days), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dose-response relationships were found and modelled for the HCC and MET patient groups, with a higher dose required to control MET tumours. RT offers better local control for HCC than for MET colorectal liver tumours at our institution.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An improved understanding of radiation dose-response relationships for primary and MET colorectal liver tumours will help inform future dose prescriptions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lausch
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sinclair
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lock
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gaede
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000465:Algorithms; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000556:secondary; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000556:secondary; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult