title: Factor XIII Val34Leu polymorphism in patients with cardiac syndrome X.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of the study was to examine the frequency of factor XIII polymorphism among patients with cardiac syndrome X (CSX).
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was designed as a cross-sectional and observational study. Forty-eight female patients with CSX and 36 controls matched by age, gender, diabetes, and hypertension were studied. CSX was defined as typical chest pain during rest or effort, abnormal test result for exercise ECG, and presence of angiographically normal epicardial coronary arteries after ruling out inducible spasm. Factor XIII gene polymorphism was investigated by using CVD Strip Assay (ViennaLab Diagnostic GmbH) commercial kit.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency of factor XIII (Val/Leu + Leu/Leu) mutation was significantly higher in patients with CSX (43%) than in controls (19%) (p = 0.02). Frequency of the Leu allele was significantly higher in the patient group (23.5% vs. 11.1%, p = 0.04). Factor XIII (Val/Leu + Leu/Leu) mutation (p = 0.01, OR = 3.42; 95% CI 1.22-9.58) and smoking (p = 0.04, OR = 3.33, 95% CI 1.05-10.58) were identified as independent predictors of the disease in multivariate regression analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study indicates that there is an evidence for association between factor XIII Val34Leu polymorphism and CSX.
authors.affiliation: Istinye State Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. gamzebabur@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Gamze Babur
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Güler
authors.forename: Ulaankhuu
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Batgerel
authors.forename: Ekrem
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Güler
authors.forename: Oğuz
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Karaca
authors.forename: Cetin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Geçmen
authors.forename: Hacı Murat
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Güneş
authors.forename: Hicaz Zencirkıran
authors.initials: HZ
authors.lastname: Aguş
authors.forename: Ali Metin
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Esen
authors.forename: Mehmet Muhsin
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Türkmen
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics*; D005176:Factor XIII / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D006801:Humans; D017566:Microvascular Angina / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D004247:DNA; D005176:Factor XIII