title: Disparities in exposure to automobile and truck traffic and vehicle emissions near the Los Angeles-Long Beach port complex.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We assessed how traffic and mobile-source air pollution impacts are distributed across racial/ethnic and socioeconomically diverse groups in port-adjacent communities in southern Los Angeles County, which may experience divergent levels of exposure to port-related heavy-duty diesel truck traffic because of existing residential and land use patterns.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used spatial regression techniques to assess the association of neighborhood racial/ethnic and socioeconomic composition with residential parcel-level traffic and vehicle-related fine particulate matter exposure after accounting for built environment and land use factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After controlling for factors associated with traffic generation, we found that a higher percentage of nearby Black and Asian/Pacific Islander residents was associated with higher exposure, a higher percentage of Hispanic residents was associated with higher traffic exposure but lower vehicle particulate matter exposure, and areas with lower socioeconomic status experienced lower exposure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Disparities in traffic and vehicle particulate matter exposure are nuanced depending on the exposure metric used, the distribution of the traffic and emissions, and pollutant dispersal patterns. Future comparative research is needed to assess potential disparities in other transportation and goods movement corridors.
authors.affiliation: Douglas Houston is with the Department of Planning, Policy, and Design, School of Social Ecology, University of California, Irvine. Wei Li is with the Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, Texas A&M University, College Station. Jun Wu is with the Program in Public Health and Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine.
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Houston
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D001336:Automobiles; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015141:Los Angeles; D008297:Male; D018986:Motor Vehicles; D011156:Population Density; D044469:Racial Groups / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D001335:Vehicle Emissions