title: Print advertisements for Alzheimer's disease drugs: informational and transformational features.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined print advertisements for Alzheimer's disease drugs published in journals and magazines between January 2008 and February 2012, using an informational versus transformational theoretical framework to identify objective and persuasive features.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 29 unique advertisements, we used qualitative methods to code and interpret identifying information, charts, benefit and side effect language, and persuasive appeals embedded in graphics and narratives.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most elements contained a mixture of informational and transformational features. Charts were used infrequently, but when they did appear the accompanying text often exaggerated the data. Benefit statements covered an array of symptoms, drug properties, and caregiver issues. Side effect statements often used positive persuasive appeals. Graphics and narrative features emphasized positive emotions and outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found subtle and sophisticated attempts both to educate and to persuade readers. It is important for consumers and prescribing physicians to read print advertisements critically so that they can make informed treatment choices.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Washington University in St. Louis. St. Louis, MO 63130, USA. jgooblar@wustl.edu
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gooblar
authors.forename: Brian D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Carpenter
mesh_terms: D000329:Advertising / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000188:drug therapy*; D054626:Consumer Health Information / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards*; D004345:Drug Industry; D063025:Health Information Management / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D018697:Nootropic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010506:Periodicals as Topic; D010820:Physicians
chemical_list: D018697:Nootropic Agents
keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; content analysis; direct-to-consumer advertising; prescription drugs