title: Efficacy and safety of active negative pressure peritoneal therapy for reducing the systemic inflammatory response after damage control laparotomy (the Intra-peritoneal Vacuum Trial): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Damage control laparotomy, or abbreviated initial laparotomy followed by temporary abdominal closure (TAC), intensive care unit resuscitation, and planned re-laparotomy, is frequently used to manage intra-abdominal bleeding and contamination among critically ill or injured adults. Animal data suggest that TAC techniques that employ negative pressure to the peritoneal cavity may reduce the systemic inflammatory response and associated organ injury. The primary objective of this study is to determine if use of a TAC dressing that affords active negative pressure peritoneal therapy, the ABThera Open Abdomen Negative Pressure Therapy System, reduces the extent of the systemic inflammatory response after damage control laparotomy for intra-abdominal sepsis or injury as compared to a commonly used TAC method that provides potentially less efficient peritoneal negative pressure, the Barker's vacuum pack.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Intra-peritoneal Vacuum Trial will be a single-center, randomized controlled trial. Adults will be intraoperatively allocated to TAC with either the ABThera or Barker's vacuum pack after the decision has been made by the attending surgeon to perform a damage control laparotomy. The study will use variable block size randomization. On study days 1, 2, 3, 7, and 28, blood will be collected. Whenever possible, peritoneal fluid will also be collected at these time points from the patient's abdomen or TAC device. Luminex technology will be used to quantify the concentrations of 65 mediators relevant to the inflammatory response in peritoneal fluid and plasma. The primary endpoint is the difference in the plasma concentration of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 at 24 and 48 h after TAC dressing application. Secondary endpoints include the differential effects of these dressings on the systemic concentration of other pro-inflammatory cytokines, collective peritoneal and systemic inflammatory mediator profiles, postoperative fluid balance, intra-abdominal pressure, and several patient-important outcomes, including organ dysfunction measures and mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results from this study will improve understanding of the effect of active negative pressure peritoneal therapy after damage control laparotomy on the inflammatory response. It will also gather necessary pilot information needed to inform design of a multicenter trial comparing clinical outcomes among patients randomized to TAC with the ABThera versus Barker's vacuum pack.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ClinicalTrials.gov identifier http://www.clicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01355094.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Calgary and the Foothills Medical Centre, North Tower 10th Floor, 1403-29th Street Northwest, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 2T9, Canada.
authors.forename: Derek J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: Craig N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Jenne
authors.forename: Chad G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Ball
authors.forename: Corina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tiruta
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Léger
authors.forename: Zhengwen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Peter D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Faris
authors.forename: Paul B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: McBeth
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Doig
authors.forename: Christine R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Skinner
authors.forename: Stacy G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Ruddell
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kubes
authors.forename: Andrew W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Kirkpatrick
mesh_terms: D000007:Abdominal Injuries / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D058107:Abdominal Wound Closure Techniques / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000401:mortality; D000416:Alberta; D001202:Ascitic Fluid / Q000276:immunology; D001458:Bandages; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D007813:Laparotomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality; D009102:Multiple Organ Failure / Q000209:etiology; D054843:Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000401:mortality; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011312:Pressure; D012107:Research Design; D018805:Sepsis / Q000628:therapy; D018746:Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018836:Inflammation Mediators