title: Partial sleep deprivation by environmental noise increases food intake and body weight in obesity-resistant rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sleep restriction in humans increases risk for obesity, but previous rodent studies show weight loss following sleep deprivation, possibly due to stressful methods used to prevent sleep. Obesity-resistant (OR) rats exhibit consolidated-sleep and resistance to weight gain. It was hypothesized that sleep disruption by a less-stressful method would increase body weight, and the effect of partial sleep deprivation (PSD) on body weight in OR and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats was examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  OR and SD rats (n = 12/group) were implanted with transmitters to record sleep/wake. After baseline recording, six SD and six OR rats underwent 8 h PSD during light phase for 9 days. Sleep was reduced using recordings of random noise. Sleep/wake states were scored as wakefulness (W), slow-wave-sleep (SWS), and rapid-eye-movement-sleep (REMS). Total number of transitions between stages, SWS-delta-power, food intake, and body weight were documented.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exposure to noise decreased SWS and REMS time, while increasing W time. Sleep-deprivation increased the number of transitions between stages and SWS-delta-power. Further, PSD during the rest phase increased recovery sleep during the active phase. The PSD SD and OR rats had greater food intake and body weight compared to controls
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PSD by less-stressful means increases body weight in rats. Also, PSD during the rest phase increases active period sleep.
authors.affiliation: Minnesota Obesity Prevention Training Program, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. mavan001@umn.edu
authors.forename: Vijayakumar
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mavanji
authors.forename: Jennifer A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Teske
authors.forename: Charles J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Billington
authors.forename: Catherine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Kotz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D004435:Eating; D004569:Electroencephalography; D008297:Male; D009622:Noise / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009765:Obesity / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012146:Rest / Q000502:physiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000150:complications*; D012895:Sleep, REM / Q000502:physiology; D014851:Wakefulness / Q000502:physiology