title: Collision avoidance between two walkers: role-dependent strategies.
abstract: This paper studies strategies for collision avoidance between two persons walking along crossing trajectories. It has been previously demonstrated that walkers are able to anticipate the risk of future collision and to react accordingly. The avoidance task has been described as a mutual control of the future distance of closest approach, MPD (i.e., Mininum Predicted Distance). In this paper, we studied the role of each walker in the task of controlling MPD. A specific question was: does the walker giving way (2nd at the crossing) and the one passing first set similar and coordinated strategies? To answer this question, we inspected the effect of motion adaptations on the future distance of closest approach. This analysis is relevant in the case of collision avoidance because subtle anticipatory behaviors or large last moment adaptations can finally yield the same result upon the final crossing distance. Results showed that collision avoidance is performed collaboratively and the crossing order impacts both the contribution and the strategies used: the participant giving way contributes more than the one passing first to avoid the collision. Both walkers reorient their path but the participant giving way also adapts his speed. Future work is planned to investigate the influence of crossing angle and TTC on adaptations as well as new types of interactions, such as intercepting or meeting tasks.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Mouvement Sport Santé (M2S), UFRAPS, Université Rennes 2-ENS Cachan, Avenue Charles Tillon, CS24414, 35044 Rennes, France; INRIA, Centre de Rennes Bretagne Atlantique, Campus Universitaire de Beaulieu, 263 avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes, France. Electronic address: anne-helene.olivier@inria.fr.
authors.forename: Anne-Hélène
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Olivier
authors.forename: Antoine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marin
authors.forename: Armel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Crétual
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Berthoz
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pettré
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008124:Locomotion / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Collision avoidance; Gait adaptations; Interaction; Locomotion; Role-dependant strategies