title: Practice patterns in spine radiograph utilization among doctors of chiropractic enrolled in a provider network offering complementary care in the United States.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Nonspecific back pain is associated with high use of diagnostic imaging in primary care, yet current evidence suggests that routine imaging of the spine is unnecessary. The objective of this study is to describe current practice patterns in spine radiograph utilization among doctors of chiropractic enrolled in an American provider network.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional analysis of administrative claims data from one of the largest providers of complementary health care networks for health plans in the United States was performed. Survey data containing provider demographics were linked with routinely collected data on spine radiograph utilization and patient characteristics aggregated at the provider level. We calculated rates and variations of spine radiographs over 12 months. Negative binomial regression was performed to identify significant predictors of high radiograph utilization and to estimate the associated incidence risk ratio.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Complete data for 6946 doctors of chiropractic and 249193 adult patients were available for analyses. In 2010, claims were paid for a total of 91542 new patient examinations and 23369 spine radiographs (including 17511 ordered within 5 days of initial patient examination). The rate of spine radiographs within 5 days of an initial patient visit was 204 per 1000 new patient examinations. Significant predictors of higher radiograph utilization rates included the following: practicing in the Midwest or South US census regions, practicing in an urban or suburban setting, chiropractic school attended, and being a male provider in full-time practice with more than 20 years of experience.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chiropractic school attended and practice location were the most influential predictors of spine radiograph utilization among network chiropractors. This information may help to inform the development and evaluation of a tailored intervention to address overuse of radiograph utilization.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. andre.bussieres@mcgill.ca
authors.forename: André E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Bussières
authors.forename: Anne E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Sales
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ramsay
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hilles
authors.forename: Jeremy M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Grimshaw
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002684:Chiropractic; D000529:Complementary Therapies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007348:Insurance, Health; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D011859:Radiography / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013131:Spine / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult