title: Endoscopic mucosal resection for rectal carcinoids under micro-probe ultrasound guidance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the therapeutic value of endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) under micro-probe ultrasound guidance for rectal carcinoids less than 1 cm in diameter.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one patients pathologically diagnosed with rectal carcinoids following colonoscopy in our hospital from January 2007 to November 2012 were included in this study. The patients consisted of 14 men and 7 women, with a mean age of 52.3 ± 12.2 years (range: 36-72 years). The patients with submucosal tumors less than 1 cm in diameter arising from the rectal and muscularis mucosa detected by micro-probe ultrasound were treated with EMR and followed up with conventional endoscopy and micro-probe ultrasound.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All of the 21 tumors were confirmed by micro-probe ultrasound as uniform hypoechoic masses originating from the rectal and muscularis mucosa, without invasion of muscularis propria and vessels, and less than 1 cm in diameter. EMR was successfully completed without bleeding, perforation or other complications. The resected specimens were immunohistochemically confirmed to be carcinoids. Patients were followed up for one to two years, and no tumor recurrence was reported.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EMR is a safe and effective treatment for rectal carcinoids less than 1 cm in diameter.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Yu Huang Ding Hospital affiliated to Qingdao University School of Medicine, Yantai 264000, Shandong Province, China. frz_1205@126.com
authors.forename: Fu-Run
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Liu-Ye
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Cheng-Rong
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001706:Biopsy; D002276:Carcinoid Tumor / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D003113:Colonoscopy; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D007414:Intestinal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008904:Miniaturization; D020700:Proctoscopes; D011351:Proctoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D047368:Tumor Burden; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*
keywords: Endoscopic mucosal resection; Endoscopic submucosal dissection; Micro-probe ultrasound; Rectal carcinoid; Submucosal tumors