title: Strategies for obtaining unpublished drug trial data: a qualitative interview study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Authors of systematic reviews have difficulty obtaining unpublished data for their reviews. This project aimed to provide an in-depth description of the experiences of authors in searching for and gaining access to unpublished data for their systematic reviews, and to give guidance on best practices for identifying, obtaining and using unpublished data.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a qualitative study analyzing in-depth interviews with authors of systematic reviews who have published Cochrane reviews or published systematic reviews outside of The Cochrane Library. We included participants who 1) were the first or senior author of a published systematic review of a drug intervention, 2) had expertise in conducting systematic reviews, searching for data, and assessing methodological biases, and 3) were able to participate in an interview in English. We used non-random sampling techniques to identify potential participants. Eighteen Cochrane authors were contacted and 16 agreed to be interviewed (89% response rate). Twenty-four non-Cochrane authors were contacted and 16 were interviewed (67% response rate).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Respondents had different understandings of what was meant by unpublished data, including specific outcomes and methodological details. Contacting study authors was the most common method used to obtain unpublished data and the value of regulatory agencies as a data source was underappreciated. Using the data obtained was time consuming and labor intensive. Respondents described the collaboration with other colleagues and/or students required to organize, manage and use the data in their reviews, generally developing and using templates, spreadsheets and computer programs for data extraction and analysis. Respondents had a shared belief that data should be accessible but some had concerns about sharing their own data. Respondents believed that obtaining unpublished data for reviews has important public health implications. There was widespread support for government intervention to ensure open access to trial data.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Respondents uniformly agreed that the benefit of identifying unpublished data was worth the effort and was necessary to identify the true harms and benefits of drugs. Recent actions by government, such as increased availability of trial data from the European Medicines Agency, may make it easier to acquire critical drug trial data.
authors.affiliation: Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA.
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wolfe
authors.forename: Peter C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Gøtzsche
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bero
mesh_terms: D022126:Access to Information; D001290:Attitude; D032882:Comprehension; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D003625:Data Collection; D057225:Data Mining; D006801:Humans; D033181:Information Dissemination; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D011643:Publishing; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012196:Review Literature as Topic
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations