title: Leptin's activity on the hydroxyl radical: a possible link to the oxidative stress-related endothelial vasodilation in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity, whereas the underlying mechanism is still eluding, the thought participants are chronic intermittent hypoxia with consequent increase in the reactive oxygen species, leading to endothelial cell damage and dysfunction in these patients. As the hydroxyl radical (·OH) mediates the vascular smooth muscle relaxation, identification of its scavengers might reveal sentinel markers of decreased vascular responsiveness and worse long-term comorbid outcome. We therefore assessed leptin's scavenger effect on (∙)OH using the electronic paramagnetic resonance (EPR) method.
  
  
  METHODS
  The (∙)OH was generated by the Fenton reaction in the presence of spin-trap 5-diethoxyphosphoryl-5-methyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO) with various concentrations of leptin (0.25, 2.5, and 25 μg/ml) and without leptin. EPR spectrometer settings were: modulation frequency, 100 kHz; X band microwave frequency, 9.5 GHz; microwave power, 20 mW (milliwatts); modulation amplitude, 1.0 G (gauss); time constant, 160 s; scan time, 200 s; and receiver gain, 1 × l0(5). EPR signal intensity between 3,440 and 3,540 G of measurements taken in at least three separate experiments was reported. Mannitol, a known (∙)OH scavenger, at 100 mM significantly decreased the DMPO-OH adduct formation and was used as the active-control agent.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Leptin added to aqueous solutions at all concentrations was associated with a statistically significant decrease in EPR signal compared with controls due to its scavenging activity towards the ·OH.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Leptin could be further investigated as a sentinel biomarker of decreased vascular responsiveness and future risk of atherosclerotic disease in obese OSA patients.
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary Department, Salem VA Medical Center, 1970 Roanoke Blvd, Salem, VA 24153, USA. Madalina.Macrea@va.gov
authors.forename: Madalina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Macrea
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Zhenquan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.forename: Hara
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Misra
mesh_terms: D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D020738:Leptin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D008353:Mannitol / Q000737:chemistry; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014664:Vasodilation
chemical_list: D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D020738:Leptin; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical; D008353:Mannitol