title: Stearidonic and γ-linolenic acids in echium oil improves glucose disposal in insulin resistant monkeys.
abstract: Echium oil (EO) contains stearidonic acid (18:4), a n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and gamma-linolenic acids (18:3), a n-6 PUFA that can be converted to long chain (LC)-PUFAs. We aimed to compare a safflower oil (SO)-enriched diet to EO- and fish oil (FO)-enriched diets on circulating and tissue PUFAs levels and glycemic, inflammatory, and cardiovascular health biomarkers in insulin resistant African green monkeys. In a Latin-square cross-over study, eight monkeys consumed matched diets for 6 weeks with 3-week washout periods. Monkeys consuming FO had significantly higher levels of n-3 LC-PUFAs and EO supplementation resulted in higher levels of circulating n-3 LC-PUFAs and a significant increase in dihomo-gamma linolenic acid (DGLA) in red blood cells and muscle. Glucose disposal was improved after EO consumption. These data suggest that PUFAs in EO supplementation have the capacity to alter circulating, RBC and muscle LC-PUFA levels and improve glucose tolerance in insulin-resistant monkeys.
authors.affiliation: Wake Forest School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Winston-Salem, NC 27127, USA. kkavanag@wakehealth.edu
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kavanagh
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Flynn
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: F H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Chilton
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D036661:Echium / Q000737:chemistry*; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D000882:Haplorhini; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry*; D017965:gamma-Linolenic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D010938:Plant Oils; D017965:gamma-Linolenic Acid; D005947:Glucose; C062895:stearidonic acid