title: Lipid content in hepatic and gonadal adipose tissue parallel aortic cholesterol accumulation in mice fed diets with different omega-6 PUFA to EPA plus DHA ratios.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Diets with low omega (ω)-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) plus docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) ratios have been shown to decrease aortic cholesterol accumulation and have been suggested to promote weight loss. The involvement of the liver and gonadal adipose tissue (GAT) in mediating these effects is not well understood. LDL receptor null mice were used to assess the effect of an atherogenic diet with different ω-6:EPA+DHA ratios on weight gain, hepatic and GAT lipid accumulation, and their relationship to atherosclerosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four groups of mice were fed a high saturated fat and cholesterol diet (HSF ω-6) alone, or with ω-6 PUFA to EPA+DHA ratios up to 1:1 for 32 weeks. Liver and GAT were collected for lipid and gene expression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The fatty acid profile of liver and GAT reflected the diets. All diets resulted in similar weight gains. Compared to HSF ω-6 diet, the 1:1 ratio diet resulted in lower hepatic total cholesterol (TC) content. Aortic TC was positively correlated with hepatic and GAT TC and triglyceride. These differences were accompanied by significantly lower expression of CD36, ATP-transporter cassette A1, scavenger receptor B class 1, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR), acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha, acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 5, and stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD1) in GAT, and HMGCR, SCD1 and cytochrome P450 7A1 in liver.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dietary ω-6:EPA+DHA ratios did not affect body weight, but lower ω-6:EPA+DHA ratio diets decreased liver lipid accumulation, which possibly contributed to the lower aortic cholesterol accumulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA. Electronic address: shu.wang@ttu.edu.
authors.forename: Shu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: JM USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
authors.forename: Nirupa R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Matthan
authors.affiliation: JM USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
authors.forename: Dayong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
authors.forename: Debra B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
authors.forename: Priyanka
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bapat
authors.affiliation: Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
authors.forename: Xiangling
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Grammas
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
authors.forename: Chwan-Li
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: JM USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
authors.forename: Alice H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Lichtenstein
mesh_terms: D064286:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000103:Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000214:Acyl Coenzyme A / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000378:metabolism*; D001835:Body Weight; D018955:CD36 Antigens / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D002790:Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004032:Diet; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006066:Gonads / Q000378:metabolism*; D006903:Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D064286:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1; D000214:Acyl Coenzyme A; D018955:CD36 Antigens; D004041:Dietary Fats; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6; D014280:Triglycerides; C008047:3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; C017725:stearoyl-coenzyme A; D002784:Cholesterol; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid; D006903:Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases; D002790:Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase; C502772:Cyp7a1 protein, mouse; D000103:Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase
keywords: Atherosclerosis; Fatty acids; Gonadal adipose tissue; Lipid metabolism; Liver; Omega-3 fatty acids