title: Whole-genome mRNA expression profiling identifies functional and prognostic signatures in patients with mesenchymal glioblastoma multiforme.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) has divided patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) into four subtypes based on mRNA expression microarray. The mesenchymal subtype, with a larger proportion, is considered a more lethal one. Clinical outcome prediction is required to better guide more personalized treatment for these patients.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to identify a mRNA expression signature to improve outcome prediction for patients with mesenchymal GBM.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For signature identification and validation, we downloaded mRNA expression microarray data from TCGA as training set and data from Rembrandt and GSE16011 as validation set. Cox regression and risk-score analysis were used to develop the 4 signatures, which were function and prognosis associated as revealed by Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA). Patients who had high-risk scores according to the signatures had poor overall survival compared with patients who had low-risk scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The signatures were identified as risk predictors that patients who had a high-risk score tended to have unfavorable outcome, demonstrating their potential for personalizing cancer management.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Zhao-Shi
authors.initials: ZS
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.forename: Chuan-Bao
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Hong-Jun
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Yan-Wei
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Ming-Yang
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015894:Genome, Human; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger
keywords: Biomarker; Glioblastoma; Mesenchymal; Prognosis; Risk score