title: [Rapid mycobacterium identification and rapid susceptibility testing by the nucleic amplification method].
abstract: This review was designed to review mycobacterial infections from the viewpoint of clinical practices. We showed the usefulness of the rapid mycobacterium identification system for the detection of various genes by the nucleic amplification method. However, most PCR-based identifications required NALC-NaOH preprocessing, a special technique, or lengthy, hard work. Although 16S rRNA gene sequences may be provided successfully to identify many mycobacterial species, they lack sufficient discrimination to differentiate certain isolates from some species. We also explained the current methodologies of rapid susceptibility testing for M. tuberculosis and clarified these abilities. Therefore, molecular detection and identification should be considered to isolate these organisms, in settings where bacteria were microscopically visible in clinical samples, involving culturing and performing drug susceptibility testing for mycobacteria. Finally, we should emphasize the importance of collaboration between clinical microbiologists and basic bacterial researchers to promote current and future clinical strategies against mycobacteria.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Kinki chuo Chest Medical Center, Sakai 591-8555, Japan. dustin@kch.hosp.go.jp
authors.forename: Shiomi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Motohisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tomita
mesh_terms: D001431:Bacteriological Techniques / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D009161:Mycobacterium / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D009164:Mycobacterium Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics; D057089:Pathology, Molecular / Q000379:methods; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D013997:Time Factors