title: Phytochemical and antifungal activities of Uvaria. chamae leaves and roots, Spondias mombin leaves and bark and Combretum racemosum leaves.
abstract: The effects of crude and dilutions of aqueous, methanolic and n-hexane extracts of Uvaria chamae (roots and leaves), Spondias mombin (leaves and bark) and Combretum racemosum (Leaves), on pathogenic candida albicans and aspergillus niger was studied. The aim was to contribute to the search for a cheaper, conventional cure for both fungi. Phytochemical analysis revealed varying degrees of alkaloids, glycosides, saponin, lipid and oil, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids and acids. Agar diffusion method was used for anti fungal assay. Minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) used was 10 mg/ml of extract and dilutions of the non polar solvents of 10 (-1) and 10(-2) was used. Results showed that none of the plant parts was active against aspergillus niger. Combretum racemosum had no antifungal effect on tested organisms as well as the different dilutions. However crude methanolic extract of uvaria (roots and leaves), spondias ( bark and leaves ), and n-hexane extracts of uvaria (leaves and roots), produced anti candidal effects with diameters in this order 14.67 +/- 0.72mm, 10.67 +/- 0.52 mm, 11.00 +/- 0.47 mm, 15.00 +/- 0.47 mm, and 14.67 +/- 0.72 mm respectively. Some of the plant parts especially uvaria had zones of inhibition at a confidence limit comparable with control drug which is ketoconazole and it had inhibitory effects at a diameter of 20.06 +/- 0.40 mm.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka Nnewi Campus, Nigeria.
authors.forename: O M T B
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Okwuosa
authors.forename: E I
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Chukwura
authors.forename: G O
authors.initials: GO
authors.lastname: Chukwuma
authors.forename: C N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Okwuosa
authors.forename: I B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Enweani
authors.forename: N R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Agbakoba
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Chukwuma
authors.forename: P O
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Manafa
authors.forename: C U
authors.initials: CU
authors.lastname: Umedum
mesh_terms: D000470:Alkaloids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D027926:Anacardiaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001234:Aspergillus niger / Q000187:drug effects*; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects*; D029765:Combretum / Q000737:chemistry*; D003881:Dermatomycoses / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D007654:Ketoconazole / Q000494:pharmacology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000379:methods; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts; D018515:Plant Leaves; D018514:Plant Structures; D031046:Uvaria / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D007654:Ketoconazole