title: Intensity-modulated microbend fiber optic sensor for respiratory monitoring and gating during MRI.
abstract: This paper describes a novel microbend fiber optic sensor system for respiratory monitoring and respiratory gating in the MRI environment. The system enables the noninvasive real-time monitoring and measurement of breathing rate and respiratory/body movement pattern of healthy subjects inside the MRI gantry, and has potential application in respiratory-gated image acquisition based on respiratory cues. The working principle behind this sensor is based on the microbending effect of an optical fiber on light transmission. The sensor system comprises of a 1.0-mm-thin graded-index multimode optical fiber-embedded plastic sensor mat, a photoelectronic transceiver, and a computer with a digital signal processing algorithm. In vitro testing showed that our sensor has a typical signal-to-noise ratio better than 28 dB. Clinical MRI trials conducted on 20 healthy human subjects showed good and comparable breathing rate detection (with an accuracy of ±2 bpm) and respiratory-gated image quality produced using the sensor system, with reference to current predicate hospital device/system. The MRI safe, ease of operation characteristics, low fabrication cost, and extra patient comfort offered by this system suggest its good potential in replacing predicate device/system and serve as a dual function in real-time respiratory monitoring and respiratory-gated image acquisition at the same time during MRI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore. doreen.lau.a.h@sgh.com.sg
authors.forename: Doreen
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: Zhihao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ju Teng
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Teo
authors.forename: Soon Huat
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rumpel
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lian
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Pin Lin
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Kei
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D005260:Female; D005336:Fiber Optic Technology / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008099:Liver / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics / Q000502:physiology; D056152:Respiratory Rate / Q000502:physiology*