title: A randomized crossover study to assess the effect of an oat-rich diet on glycaemic control, plasma lipids and postprandial glycaemia, inflammation and oxidative stress in Type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In the UK, lifestyle intervention is first-line management in Type 2 diabetes. It is unclear what type of diet is most efficacious for improving glycaemic control. This study investigated the effects of an oat-enriched diet on glycaemic control, postprandial glycaemia, inflammation and oxidative stress compared with standard dietary advice.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a randomized crossover design, 27 volunteers with Type 2 diabetes, managed on diet and lifestyle only, were observed for two consecutive 8-week periods following either the oat-enriched diet or re-enforced standard dietary advice. Volunteers attended at baseline (habitual intake) and 8 and 16 weeks. Measurements included basic clinical measurements and fasted and postprandial (3-h) glucose and insulin in response to a healthy test meal. Markers of inflammation and oxidative stress, including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, interleukin 18, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, adiponectin, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, oxygen radical antioxidant capacity, oxidized LDL and urinary isoprostanes, were also measured at fasting and in the postprandial period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no diet-related effects on glycaemic control or glycaemic or insulinaemic responses to the test meal. Total cholesterol (5.1 ± 1.0 vs. 4.9 ± 0.8 mmol/l, P = 0.019) concentrations declined following the oat-enriched diet compared with standard dietary advice. There was a postprandial decline in adiponectin concentration (P = 0.009), but no effect of dietary intervention. None of the measures of oxidative stress or inflammation were altered by the oat-enriched diet compared with standard dietary advice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The oat-enriched diet had a modest impact on lipid lowering, but did not impact on oxidative stress or inflammation in these volunteers with Type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: The Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK; Department of Diabetes, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK.
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: McGeoch
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Johnstone
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Lobley
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Adamson
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hickson
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Holtrop
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fyfe
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: D W M
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Pearson
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Abraham
authors.forename: I L
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: Megson
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: MacRury
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018554:Avena; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy; D002149:Energy Intake; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000209:etiology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D019518:Postprandial Period
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008055:Lipids