title: Structural analysis of testicular appendices in patients with cryptorchidism.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Report the incidence and structure of testicular appendices (TAs) in patients with cryptorchidism, comparing their incidence with epididymal anomalies (EA) and patency of the vaginal process (PVP) and analyzes the structure of TAs.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 72 testes of patients with cryptorchidism (average of 6 years), and 8 testes from patients with hydroceles (average of 9 years). We analyzed the relations among the testis, epididymis and PVP and prevalence and histology of the TAs. The appendices of 10 patients with cryptorchidism and 8 with hydrocele were dissected and embedded in paraffin and stained with Masson trichrome; Weigert and Picro-Sirius Red with polarization and immunohistochemistry analysis of the collagen type III fibers to observe collagen. The stereological analysis was done with the software Image Pro and Image J, using a grid to determine volumetric densities (Vv). Means were statistically compared using the ANOVA and unpaired T test (p < 0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 72 testes with cryptorchidism, 20 (27.77%) presented EA, 41 (56.9%) had PVP and 44 (61.1%) had TAs. Of the 44 testes with cryptorchidism and appendices, 30 (68.18%) presented PVP and 11 (25%) presented EA. There was no alteration of the epithelium in the appendices of patients in both groups. Stereological analysis documented the prevalence of ESFs (mean of 1.48%), prevalence of veins (mean of 10.11%) and decrease (p = 0.14) of SMCs in the TAs of patients with cryptorchidism (mean = 4.93%). Collagen III prevailed in the TAs of patients with cryptorchidism.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The testicular appendices presented significant structural alteration in the patients with cryptorchidism, indicating that TAs present a structural remodeling.
authors.affiliation: Urogenital Research Unit, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Guilherme D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Tostes
authors.forename: Suelen F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: João P de
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.forename: Waldemar S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: Francisco J B
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Sampaio
authors.forename: Luciano A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Favorito
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003094:Collagen / Q000032:analysis; D003456:Cryptorchidism / Q000473:pathology*; D004822:Epididymis / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000473:pathology; D006848:Testicular Hydrocele / Q000473:pathology; D013737:Testis / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D003094:Collagen