title: Recognition and rehabilitation of the female athlete triad/tetrad: a multidisciplinary approach.
abstract: While the benefits of physical activity are numerous, the female athlete triad poses a significant health risk to young athletes. Emerging research links the triad to endothelial dysfunction--a sentinel event in cardiovascular disease--suggesting that this complex interplay of metabolic and endocrine factors may be described more accurately as a tetrad. Effective treatment of the triad/tetrad requires a multidisciplinary approach. Emphasis must be placed on prevention, recognition, and treatment of triad for the promotion of healthy nutritional and activity profiles in female athletes across their lifespans.
authors.affiliation: Women's Sports Medicine, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19146, USA. Kate.temme@uphs.upenn.edu
authors.forename: Kate E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Temme
authors.forename: Anne Z
authors.initials: AZ
authors.lastname: Hoch
mesh_terms: D000568:Amenorrhea / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D001068:Feeding and Eating Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D010348:Patient Care Team; D013577:Syndrome; D016387:Women's Health