title: Unbalanced estrogen metabolism in thyroid cancer.
abstract: Well-differentiated thyroid cancer most frequently occurs in premenopausal women. Greater exposure to estrogens may be a risk factor for thyroid cancer. To investigate the role of estrogens in thyroid cancer, a spot urine sample was obtained from 40 women with thyroid cancer and 40 age-matched controls. Thirty-eight estrogen metabolites, conjugates and DNA adducts were analyzed by using ultraperformance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry and the ratio of adducts to metabolites and conjugates was calculated for each sample. The ratio of depurinating estrogen-DNA adducts to estrogen metabolites and conjugates significantly differed between cases and controls (p < 0.0001), demonstrating high specificity and sensitivity. These findings indicate that estrogen metabolism is unbalanced in thyroid cancer and suggest that formation of estrogen-DNA adducts might play a role in the initiation of thyroid cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zahid
authors.forename: Whitney
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Goldner
authors.forename: Cheryl L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Beseler
authors.forename: Eleanor G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Rogan
authors.forename: Ercole L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Cavalieri
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D018736:DNA Adducts / Q000652:urine*; D004967:Estrogens / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012307:Risk Factors; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018736:DNA Adducts; D004967:Estrogens
keywords: estrogen-DNA adducts; thyroid cancer; unbalanced estrogen metabolism