title: Sedative music facilitates deep sleep in young adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of sedative music on the different stages of the sleep cycle in young adults with various sleep latencies by using polysomnography (PSG).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized, controlled, crossover study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sleep center of a teaching hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Young adults with different sleep latencies. Poor sleepers (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score ≥5) were excluded.
  
  
  METHODS
  Each participant stayed one night in the sleep center for adaptation and on each of the following two nights was assigned to (1) music and (2) control (without music) conditions in random order. In the music condition, sedative music composed by certified music therapists was played on a compact disc player for the first hour the participant was in bed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sleep measures recorded with PSG, including sleep latency and durations of sleep stages.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-four young adults (mean±standard deviation, 24.5±2.6 years) participated. They were classified into the short sleep latency (SL) group if the baseline SL of the adaptation night was shorter than 10 minutes or into the long SL group if the baseline SL was 10 minutes or longer. Sedative music did not alter the SL in either group. Sedative music reduced stage II sleep in both SL groups (main effect of music, p=0.03; interaction effect, p=0.87) but increased the duration of deep sleep (stages III and IV) only in the long SL group (main effect of music, p=0.15; interaction effect, p=0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In participants with long SL, sedative music improved the quality of sleep by prolonging the duration of deep sleep. This effect provides an alternative and noninvasive way to improve sleep in selected persons experiencing sleep problems.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Taoyuan/Linkou , Taoyuan, Taiwan .
authors.forename: Chih-Kuang
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yu-Cheng
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Pei
authors.forename: Ning-Hung
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Li-Ting
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Shih-Wei
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: Katie P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Pei-Chih
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: Alice M K
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Chih-Kuan
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009147:Music Therapy; D017286:Polysomnography; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012894:Sleep Stages / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult