title: Validation of the constitution in chinese medicine questionnaire: does the traditional chinese medicine concept of body constitution exist?
abstract: The study aims to adapt and validate the Constitution in Chinese Medicine Questionnaire (CCMQ) in Hong Kong Chinese people. 10 patients and 10 Chinese medicine practitioners (CMP) confirmed the content validity (CVI: 50%-100%) of CCMQ. 1084 HK subjects completed a cross-sectional study with 98.6% who could be classified into one or more BC types. Scaling success rates were 85.7%-100% for the 9 BC scales. Construct validity was supported by moderate correlations between CCMQ and SF-12v2 scores. The confirmatory factor analysis showed a reproducible structure as hypothesized. People with gentleness BC type had better health-related quality of life, HRQOL, than those with other (imbalanced) BC types. Internal consistency (reliability) (Cronbach's alpha  >  0.6) and test-retest reliability were also satisfactory (ICC > 0.6) for all scales. However, the sensitivity and specificity in predicting the BC types diagnosed by CMP were only fair, ranging from 42.7% to 82.7%. 27.6% of subjects had a change from the imbalanced BC types to gentleness BC type after 6 months. The CCMQ was adapted for HK Chinese people and proved to be valid, reliable, and responsive. People classified to have imbalanced BC types had significantly lower HRQOL than gentleness BC type, which supported the validity and importance of the TCM concept of the physiological BC type.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Wendy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Cindy Lo Kuen
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: Vivian Taam
authors.initials: VT
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Zhi Min
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Eric T C
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Ziea
authors.forename: Andrew Ka Lun
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Kwan