title: Predicting metachronous liver metastasis from colorectal cancer using serum proteomic fingerprinting.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There are currently no accurate predictive markers of metachronous liver metastasis (MLM) from colorectal cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Magnetic bead-based fractionation coupled with mass spectrometry analysis was used to compare serum samples from 64 patients with MLM and 64 without recurrence or metastasis for at least 3 y after radical colorectal surgery (NM). A total of 40 MLM and 40 NM serum samples were randomly selected to build a decision tree, and the remainder were tested as blinded samples. Selected peptides were identified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patients in the two groups were matched for gender, age, tumor location, TNM staging, and histologic differentiation grade. Preoperative serum carcinoembryonic antigen retained no independent power to predict MLM. The decision tree model with eight proteomic features (m/z 3315, 6637, 1207, 1466, 4167, 4210, 2660, and 4186) correctly classified 33 of 40 NM sera (82.5%) and 32 of 40 MLM sera (80%) in the training set and 19 of 24 NM sera (79.2%) and 17 of 24 MLM sera (70.8%) in the test set. The peptides were identified as fragments of alpha-fetoprotein, complement C4-A, fibrinogen alpha, eukaryotic peptide chain release factor GTP-binding subunit ERF3B, and angiotensinogen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients matched for gender, age, tumor location, TNM staging, and histologic differentiation grade, preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen retained no independent power to predict MLM. The decision tree model of eight proteomic features demonstrated promising value for predicting MLM in patients who underwent radical resection of colorectal cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Dexiang
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Yunshi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.forename: Haifu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Lechi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Jianmin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Xinyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000808:Angiotensinogen / Q000097:blood; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D015934:Complement C4a / Q000378:metabolism; D003661:Decision Support Techniques; D005260:Female; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000556:secondary*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016609:Neoplasms, Second Primary / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000556:secondary*; D010449:Peptide Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D010454:Peptide Termination Factors / Q000097:blood; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D010454:Peptide Termination Factors; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins; C087971:peptide-chain-release factor 3; D000808:Angiotensinogen; D015934:Complement C4a; D005340:Fibrinogen
keywords: Metachronous liver metastasis; Proteomics; Serum proteomic fingerprinting