title: Soft tissue contusion repairing effects of Hong Yao with different penetration enhancers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hong Yao aerosol (HYA) is a new dosage form developed from Hong Yao, a traditional Chinese medicine preparation, which has the efficacy of promoting soft tissue contusion repair, anti-inflammation, and analgesia.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the soft tissue contusion repairing, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of HYA formulations with different penetration enhancers (PE) and to quantify the transdermal absorption of HYA component.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three preparations of HYA with different PEs were made: DMSO preparation (5% DMSO as additional PE), Azone preparation (3% azone as additional PE), and NAPE preparation (no additional PE). Four in vivo rodent models were employed to evaluate the pharmacodynamic effects of the HYAs: mouse soft tissue contusion model, rat paw edema model, mouse ear swelling model, and mouse analgesia model of electric-stimulated foot. In vitro skin penetration experiment was applied to evaluate the transdermal absorption of HYA components.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All HYA preparations showed effects on soft tissue contusion repairing, anti-inflammation, and analgesia compared with the blank control (p<0.05). There was no significant difference among the three preparations. Pathological variation of mice skin and the pain response time (PRT) reduction phenomena indicated that DMSO preparation induced skin irritation. In vitro skin penetration experiment showed no significant difference between DMSO and NAPE on absorption enhancement of ferulic acid from HYA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NAPE preparation was considered as best and Menthol/borneol (6.3%, W/W, 4:1.75) in HYA might be a good PE combination.
authors.affiliation: Development and Utilization Key Laboratory of Northeast Plant Materials, Key Laboratory of Northeast Authentic Materials Research and Development in Liaoning Province, School of Traditional Chinese Meteria Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Qiao
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Chun-Ling
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yin
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000700:Analgesics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003288:Contusions / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004487:Edema / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D012869:Skin Absorption / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal