title: Autophagosome formation--the role of ULK1 and Beclin1-PI3KC3 complexes in setting the stage.
abstract: Autophagy is a conserved and highly regulated degradative membrane trafficking pathway, maintaining energy homeostasis and protein synthesis during nutrient stress. Our understanding of how the autophagy machinery is regulated has expanded greatly over recent years. The ULK and Beclin1-PI3KC3 complexes are key signaling complexes required for autophagosome formation. The nutrient and energy sensors mTORC1 and AMPK signal directly to the ULK complex and affect its activity. Formation and activation of distinct Beclin1-PI3KC3 complexes produces PI3P, a signaling lipid required for the recruitment of autophagy effectors. In this review we discuss how the mammalian ULK1 and Beclin1 complexes are controlled by post-translational modifications and protein-protein interactions and we highlight data linking these complexes together.
authors.affiliation: London Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, Lincoln's Inn Fields Laboratories, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, WC2A 3LY, UK.
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wirth
authors.forename: Justin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Joachim
authors.forename: Sharon A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Tooze
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001343:Autophagy / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D010588:Phagosomes / Q000502:physiology*; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D060066:Protein Interaction Maps; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D008565:Membrane Proteins; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases
keywords: Autophagy; Beclin1; Post-translational modifications; ULK1