title: Evolutionarily conserved regulation of TOR signalling.
abstract: The target of rapamycin (TOR) is an evolutionarily conserved protein kinase that regulates cell growth in response to various environmental as well as intracellular cues through the formation of 2 distinct TOR complexes (TORC), TORC1 and TORC2. Dysregulation of TORC1 and TORC2 activity is closely associated with various diseases, including diabetes, cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. Over the past few years, new regulatory mechanisms of TORC1 and TORC2 activity have been elucidated. Furthermore, recent advances in the study of TOR inhibitors have revealed previously unrecognized cellular functions of TORC1. In this review, we briefly summarize the current understanding of the evolutionarily conserved TOR signalling from upstream regulators to downstream events.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Terunao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahara
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maeda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001343:Autophagy; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000076222:Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1; D000076225:Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 2; D008954:Models, Biological; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012270:Ribosomes / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000076222:Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1; D000076225:Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 2; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
keywords: TOR complex; amino acid; cell growth; stress granule; target of rapamycin