title: Low bone mineral density is associated with metabolic syndrome in South Korean men but not in women: The 2008-2010 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
abstract: We examined the relationships between bone mineral density (BMD) and metabolic syndrome in 6,659 men and 7,826 women from South Korean. After adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI), tobacco and alcohol use, and regular exercise, low BMD is especially associated with metabolic syndrome in South Korean men.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study examined the relationships between BMD and metabolic syndrome (MS) in South Korean adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 14,485 adults (6,659 men and 7,826 women) in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted from 2008 to 2010 were analyzed. We used multivariable regression models to examine the relationship between low BMD and MS. We calculated homeostasis model assessment and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). MS was defined according to AHA/NHLBI criteria for Asians. BMD was measured at the lumbar spine (LS), femur neck (FN), total hip (TH), trochanter, and intertrochanter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjustment for age, BMI, tobacco and alcohol use, and regular exercise, the TH and FN BMD were significantly lower in men with MS than in men without MS (p < 0.05). However, there were no differences in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. In men, BMD was positively correlated with BMI, and high density lipoprotein cholesterol, but was negatively correlated with insulin, HOMA-IR, and triglyceride at all three sites (p < 0.05). Along with an increase of BMD (0.1 g/cm²), the odds ratios (ORs) for obesity and abdominal obesity were all greater than 1 at all sites in both genders. The ORs for hypertension and MS were 0.937 (0.879-0.998) and 0.899 (0.840-0.962), respectively at FN, and the OR for diabetes mellitus was 1.103 (1.017-1.196) at LS in men. In postmenopausal women, the OR for hypertension was 1.133 (1.029-1.246) at LS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low BMD was especially associated with MS in South Korean men.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1 5Ka Anam-dong, Sungbuk-ku, Seoul 136-705, South Korea.
authors.forename: Yang-Hyun
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kyung-Hwan
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Youn Seon
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Seon-Mee
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ga-Eun
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.forename: Seung-Hwan
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Byung-Joon
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: Yong-Gyu
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Kyung Do
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Kyung-Shik
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Do-Hoon
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015519:Bone Density; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D056910:Republic of Korea; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D055815:Young Adult