title: Targeting CD133 in an in vivo ovarian cancer model reduces ovarian cancer progression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  While most women with ovarian cancer will achieve complete remission after treatment, the majority will relapse within two years, highlighting the need for novel therapies. Cancer stem cells (CSC) have been identified in ovarian cancer and most other carcinomas as a small population of cells that can self-renew. CSC are more chemoresistant and radio-resistant than the bulk tumor cells; it is likely that CSC are responsible for relapse, the major problem in cancer treatment. CD133 has emerged as one of the most promising markers for CSC in ovarian cancer. The hypothesis driving this study is that despite their low numbers in ovarian cancer tumors, CSC can be eradicated using CD133 targeted therapy and tumor growth can be inhibited.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ovarian cancer cell lines were evaluated using flow cytometry for expression of CD133. In vitro viability studies with an anti-CD133 targeted toxin were performed on one of the cell lines, NIH:OVCAR5. The drug was tested in vivo using a stably transfected luciferase-expressing NIH:OVCAR5 subline in nude mice, so that tumor growth could be monitored by digital imaging in real time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ovarian cancer cell lines showed 5.6% to 16.0% CD133 expression. dCD133KDEL inhibited the in vitro growth of NIH:OVCAR5 cells. Despite low numbers of CD133-expressing cells in the tumor population, intraperitoneal drug therapy caused a selective decrease in tumor progression in intraperitoneal NIH:OVCAR5-luc tumors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Directly targeting CSC that are a major cause of drug resistant tumor relapse with an anti-CD133 targeted toxin shows promise for ovarian cancer therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. skubi002@umn.edu
authors.forename: Amy P N
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Skubitz
authors.forename: Elizabeth P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Taras
authors.forename: Kristin L M
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Boylan
authors.forename: Nate N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Waldron
authors.forename: Seunguk
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Panoskaltsis-Mortari
authors.forename: Daniel A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Vallera
mesh_terms: D000071916:AC133 Antigen; D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D003603:Cytotoxins / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D010455:Peptides / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000071916:AC133 Antigen; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D015703:Antigens, CD; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D003603:Cytotoxins; D006023:Glycoproteins; C000606023:PROM1 protein, human; D010455:Peptides; C000606024:Prom1 protein, mouse
keywords: Ab; CD133; CD19; CD45; Cancer stem cells; ER; FITC; KDEL; Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu; Ovarian cancer; PE; Targeted toxin; Xenograft model; aa; amino acid; antibody; cluster of differentiation 19; cluster of differentiation 45; dCD133KDEL; deimmunized pseudomonas exotoxin fused to anti-CD133 scFv with a KDEL terminus; endoplasmic reticulum; fluorescein isothiocyanate; mAb; monoclonal antibody; photons per second per square centimeter per steradian; photons/s/cm(2)/sr; pseudomonas exotoxin; recombinant single chain VH and VL domain; scFv