title: Understanding and coping with diversity in healthcare.
abstract: In the healthcare sector, race, ethnicity and religion have become an increasingly important factor in terms of patient care due to an increasingly diverse population. Health agencies at a national and local level produce a number of guides to raise awareness of cultural issues among healthcare professionals and hospitals may implement additional non-medical services, such as the provision of specific types of food and dress to patients or the hiring of chaplains, to accommodate the needs of patients with religious requirements. However, in an attempt to address the spiritual, cultural and religious needs of patients healthcare providers often assume that ethnic minority groups are homogenous blocks of people with similar needs and fail to recognize that a diverse range of views and practices exist within specific groups themselves. This paper describes the example of the Sikh community and the provision of palliative care in hospitals and hospices. Although, the majority of patients classifying themselves as Sikhs have a shared language and history, they can also be divided on a number of lines such as caste affiliation, degree of assimilation in the west, educational level and whether baptized or not, all of which influence their beliefs and practices and hence impact on their needs from a health provider. Given that it is unfeasible for health providers to have knowledge of the multitude of views within specific religious and ethnic communities and accounting for the tight fiscal constraints of healthcare budgets, this paper concludes by raising the question whether healthcare providers should step away from catering for religious and cultural needs that do not directly affect treatment outcomes, and instead put the onus on individual communities to provide resources to meet spiritual, cultural and religious needs of patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Theology and Religion, University of Birmingham, UK. j.jhuttijohal.1@bham.ac.uk
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jhutti-Johal
mesh_terms: D018864:Cultural Diversity; D003469:Culture; D006738:Hospices / Q000458:organization & administration; D006739:Hospital Administration; D006801:Humans; D010166:Palliative Care / Q000941:ethics*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D012068:Religion and Medicine; D013222:State Medicine; D019452:Terminally Ill; D006113:United Kingdom