title: Discrepancies in determination of abdominal aortic aneurysms maximum diameter and growth rate, using axial and orhtogonal computed tomography measurements.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Maximum diameter and growth rate of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) which are currently used as the only variables to set the indication for elective repair are recorded through computed tomography (CT) measurements on an axial plane or on an orthogonal plane that is perpendicular to vessel centerline, interchangeably. We will attempt to record possible discrepancies between the two methods, identify whether such differences could influence therapeutic decisions and determine in which cases this should be expected.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed sixty CT-scans performed in thirty-nine patients. Three-dimensional reconstruction of AAAs has been performed and differences in maximum diameter measured on axial and orthogonal planes were recorded. A measure for asymmetry was introduced termed ShapeIndex defined as the value of section minor over major axis and was related with differences in maximum diameter recordings. Growth rates were also determined using both axial and orthogonal measurements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Axial measurements overestimate maximum diameter by 2 ± 2.7 mm (P<0.001) with a range of 0-12.3mm. Overall, 20% of the CTs had an axial maximum diameter >5.5 cm indicating the need for intervention whereas, orthogonal diameter was below that threshold. Asymmetry of the axial sections with ShapeIndex≤0.8 was found to be related to an overestimation of maximum diameter by >5mm. There were no significant differences in growth rates when determined using orthogonal or axial measurements in both examinations (median growth rate: 2.3mm and 3.3mm respectively P=0.2). However there were significant differences when orthogonal measurements were used at initial and axial measurements used at follow-up examination or vice versa (median growth rate: 4.9 mm and 0.9 mm respectively P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the mean difference between measurements is low there is a wide range among cases, mainly observed in asymmetrical AAAs. ShapeIndex may identify those which are more likely to be misestimated. CT measurements performed to establish AAA growth rates should consistently use either the axial or orthogonal technique to avoid inaccuracies from occurring.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Crete Medical School, Heraklion, Greece. kontopodisn@yahoo.gr
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kontopodis
authors.forename: Eleni
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Metaxa
authors.forename: Michalis
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gionis
authors.forename: Yannis
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Papaharilaou
authors.forename: Christos V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Ioannou
mesh_terms: D017544:Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D001027:Aortography / Q000379:methods*; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D061330:Multidetector Computed Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D056888:Patient Positioning / Q000379:methods*; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
keywords: Aneurysm enlargement; Aortic aneurysm; Computed tomography imaging; Follow-up