title: In patients with post-infarction left ventricular dysfunction, how does impaired basal rotation affect chronic ischemic mitral regurgitation?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to explore the contribution of left ventricular (LV) basal rotation to the mechanism of chronic ischemic mitral regurgitation (MR).
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-seven patients (52 men; mean age, 68.3 ± 11.8 years) with postinfarction LV dysfunction (defined as an ejection fraction ≤ 45%) were prospectively enrolled. Each invariably had functional MR. To assess MR degree, the effective regurgitant orifice area (EROA) was quantified by echocardiography using the proximal isovelocity surface area method. Furthermore, mitral valve deformation (valve tenting and annular function) and LV global (systolic and diastolic volumes, function, and sphericity) and local remodeling (displacement of papillary muscles, regional strain, and rotation by speckle-tracking) were assessed. The patients were subsequently subdivided into two groups according to the absence (group A) or presence (group B) on transthoracic echocardiography of infarct area in the inferior and/or posterior basal segments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A larger EROA was found in group B than in group A (P = .034) and in subjects with asymmetric rather than symmetric tethering in either group (P = .036 and P = .040 for groups A and B, respectively). Basal radial (P = .009), circumferential (P = .042), and longitudinal (P = .005) strain and rotation (P = .021) were lower in group B than in group A. There was also a significant inverse correlation between EROA and basal rotation in group B (r = -0.75, P < .001). Furthermore, using multivariate linear regression analysis, we found that the independent determinants of EROA were end-diastolic volume (P < .001) and tenting area (P = .004) in group A and asymmetric tethering (P = .029) and basal rotation (P < .001) in group B.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Impaired basal rotational mechanics occurring after an inferior-posterior myocardial infarction is associated with increased MR.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy. Electronic address: tittizito@libero.it.
authors.forename: Concetta
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zito
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cusmà-Piccione
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Lilia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Oreto
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tripepi
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Moemen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mohammed
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Gianluca
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Di Bella
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Falanga
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Oreto
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lentini
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Scipione
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Carerj
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012399:Rotation; D014463:Ultrasonography; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*
keywords: BSA; Basal rotation; Body surface area; CS; Chronic ischemic mitral regurgitation; Circumferential strain; EF; EROA; Echocardiography; Effective regurgitant orifice area; Ejection fraction; LS; LV; Left ventricular; Longitudinal strain; MA; MAA; MI; MR; MV; Mitral annular area; Mitral annulus; Mitral regurgitation; Mitral valve; Myocardial infarction; PISA; PM; Papillary muscle; Proximal isovelocity surface area; RS; Radial strain; WM; Wall motion