title: Expression of perineuronal nets, parvalbumin and protein tyrosine phosphatase σ in the rat visual cortex during development and after BFD.
abstract: Abstract Purpose of the Study: Protein tyrosine phosphatase σ (PTPσ) acts as a neuronal receptor for chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs). CSPGs have inhibitory effects on experience-dependent plasticity and usually form lattice-like cell coatings that surround the parvalbumin (PV) interneurons in the visual cortex (VC). We investigated developmental changes and the effect of binocular form deprivation (BFD) on PTPσ, perineuronal nets (PNNs) and their tempo-spatial relationships with PV neurons in the VC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Double-immunostaining was used to observe the coexpression pattern of PNNs staining by biotinylated wisteria floribunda lectin (WFA) with PV neurons. The expression of PTPσ in the VC of Long Evans rats was detected by real-time quantitative PCR, immunohistochemistry and western blots. The changes in the number of PV/WFA/PTPσ labeled cells in layer IV of the VC and its proportion of PV neurons were examined during development and after BFD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The expression of PV neurons wrapped by PNNs was increased, particularly in the first half of the critical period, and the ratio for PV neurons reached the highest level (over 75%) at adulthood, indicating that PNNs may play an important role in the maturation of PV neurons during the critical period. BFD decreased the density of PNNs and the percentage of PV neurons with PNNs. This result suggests that the number of PNNs surrounding PV neurons may be experience-dependent. Meanwhile, the CSPG receptor PTPσ was maintained at its lowest level during the critical period and could be modulated by BFD after the critical period. The percentage of PV/WFA/PTPσ-positive cells in PV population increased during development and reached its highest ratio at adulthood, which could also be reversed by BFD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The changes in the coexpression of PNNs, PV and PTPσ provide valuable insights into the connection between CSPGs and PV neurons.
authors.affiliation: Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Haiwei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Junping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Congjian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Zheng Qin
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Yin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D011508:Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans / Q000378:metabolism; D003423:Critical Period, Psychological; D005260:Female; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007395:Interneurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000502:physiology; D010320:Parvalbumins / Q000378:metabolism*; D037121:Plant Lectins; D051381:Rats; D020318:Rats, Long-Evans; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D054623:Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D034781:Receptors, N-Acetylglucosamine; D012683:Sensory Deprivation / Q000502:physiology*; D015348:Vision, Binocular / Q000502:physiology; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D011508:Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans; D010320:Parvalbumins; D037121:Plant Lectins; D034781:Receptors, N-Acetylglucosamine; C040129:wisteria lectin; D054623:Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 2