title: A silver-palladium alloy nanoparticle-based electrochemical biosensor for simultaneous detection of ractopamine, clenbuterol and salbutamol.
abstract: A multiplexed electrochemical biosensor has been developed for fast and sensitive detection of ractopamine (RAC), salbutamol (SAL) and clenbuterol (CLB) based on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and silver-palladium alloy nanoparticles (AgPd NPs). In this paper, rGO with high conductivity was used as an electrode material to immobilize artificial antigens and amplify electrochemical signal. AgPd NPs are used to label antibodies and generate a strong electrochemical signal in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) without any other substrates. Screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) and competition strategy were adopted to achieve simultaneous detection of RAC, SAL and CLB without cross-talk between adjacent electrodes. This method can simultaneously detect RAC, SAL and CLB ranging from 0.01 to 100 ng mL(-1) with detection limits of 1.52 pg mL(-1), 1.44 pg mL(-1) and 1.38 pg mL(-1), respectively. Satisfactory results are achieved in pork sample analysis. The designed strategy provides a promising potential in determination of other biological samples.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China.
authors.forename: Huan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: He
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Hongmin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wei
mesh_terms: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000032:analysis*; D000420:Albuterol / Q000032:analysis*; D000497:Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D002976:Clenbuterol / Q000032:analysis*; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation; D004867:Equipment Design; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010165:Palladium / Q000737:chemistry; D010627:Phenethylamines / Q000032:analysis*; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D000497:Alloys; D010627:Phenethylamines; D012834:Silver; C060897:ractopamine; D010165:Palladium; D000420:Albuterol; D002976:Clenbuterol
keywords: Competition strategy; Multiplexed electrochemical biosensor; Reduced graphene oxide; Silver–palladium alloy nanoparticles; β-adrenergic agonists