title: Neurodevelopmental outcome of extremely low birth weight infants with Candida infection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Candida remains an important cause of late-onset infection in preterm infants. Mortality and neurodevelopmental outcome of extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants enrolled in the Candida study were evaluated based on infection status.
  
  
  METHODS
  ELBW infants born at Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network (NRN) centers between March 2004 and July 2007 who were screened for suspected sepsis were eligible for inclusion in the Candida study. Primary outcome data for neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) or death were available for 1317 of the 1515 infants (87%) enrolled in the Candida study. The Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II or -III was administered at 18 months' adjusted age. A secondary comparison was performed with 864 infants enrolled in the NRN Generic Database during the same cohort who were never screened for sepsis and therefore not eligible for the Candida study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among ELBW infants enrolled in the Candida study, 31% with Candida and 31% with late-onset non-Candida sepsis had NDI at 18 months. Infants with Candida sepsis and/or meningitis had an increased risk of death and were more likely to have the composite outcome of death and/or NDI compared with uninfected infants in adjusted analysis. Compared with infants in the NRN registry never screened for sepsis, overall risk for death were similar but those with Candida infection were more likely to have NDI (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.01-3.33, P = .047).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this cohort of ELBW infants, those with infection and/or meningitis were at increased risk for death and/or NDI. This risk was highest among those with Candida sepsis and/or meningitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA. Electronic address: iadamsc@emory.edu.
authors.forename: Ira
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Adams-Chapman
authors.forename: Carla M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Bann
authors.forename: Abhik
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: Ronald N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Goldberg
authors.forename: Barbara J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Stoll
authors.forename: Michele C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.forename: Pablo J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Sánchez
authors.forename: Rosemary D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Higgins
authors.forename: Seetha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shankaran
authors.forename: Kristi L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Watterberg
authors.forename: Shahnaz
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Duara
authors.forename: Nancy A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Roy J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Heyne
authors.forename: Myriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peralta-Carcelen
authors.forename: Ricki F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.forename: Jean J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Steichen
authors.forename: Charles R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: Susan R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Hintz
authors.forename: Patricia W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Acarregui
authors.forename: Gary J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Myers
authors.forename: Betty R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Vohr
authors.forename: Deanne E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Wilson-Costello
authors.forename: Athina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pappas
authors.forename: Yvonne E
authors.initials: YE
authors.lastname: Vaucher
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Ehrenkranz
authors.forename: Elisabeth C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: McGowan
authors.forename: Robert G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Dillard
authors.forename: Janell
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fuller
authors.forename: Daniel K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Benjamin
mesh_terms: D002175:Candida; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality; D016208:Databases, Factual; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D052577:Infant, Extremely Low Birth Weight / Q000254:growth & development*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000254:growth & development; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases; D008297:Male; D016921:Meningitis, Fungal / Q000175:diagnosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D018805:Sepsis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology
keywords: BSID; Bayley Scales of Infant Development; CLD; CNS; CP; CSF; Central nervous system; Cerebral palsy; Cerebrospinal fluid; Chronic lung disease; ELBW; EOS; Early-onset sepsis; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; Extremely low birth weight; GA; GDB; Generic database; Gestational age; IVH; Intraventricular hemorrhage; LOS; Late-onset sepsis; ND; NDI; NEC; NICHD; NRN; Necrotizing enterocolitis; Neonatal Research Network; Neurodevelopmental; Neurodevelopmental impairment; PVL; Periventricular leukomalacia