title: Circuit level defects in the developing neocortex of Fragile X mice.
abstract: Subtle alterations in how cortical network dynamics are modulated by different behavioral states could disrupt normal brain function and underlie symptoms of neuropsychiatric disorders, including Fragile X syndrome (FXS). Using two-photon calcium imaging and electrophysiology, we recorded spontaneous neuronal ensemble activity in mouse somatosensory cortex. Unanesthetized Fmr1(-/-) mice exhibited abnormally high synchrony of neocortical network activity, especially during the first two postnatal weeks. Neuronal firing rates were threefold higher in Fmr1(-/-) mice than in wild-type mice during whole-cell recordings manifesting Up/Down states (slow-wave sleep, quiet wakefulness), probably as a result of a higher firing probability during Up states. Combined electroencephalography and calcium imaging experiments confirmed that neurons in mutant mice had abnormally high firing and synchrony during sleep. We conclude that cortical networks in FXS are hyperexcitable in a brain state-dependent manner during a critical period for experience-dependent plasticity. These state-dependent network defects could explain the intellectual, sleep and sensory integration dysfunctions associated with FXS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: J Tiago
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.forename: James E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Anstey
authors.forename: Peyman
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Golshani
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Portera-Cailliau
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000235:genetics*; D000367:Age Factors; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D058256:Brain Waves / Q000235:genetics*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005260:Female; D051860:Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D019579:Neocortex / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000502:physiology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D014851:Wakefulness / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D002118:Calcium; D051860:Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein 1; C497684:Fmr1 protein, mouse