title: Comparison of patient simulation methods used in a physical assessment course.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether there is a difference in student pharmacists' learning or satisfaction when standardized patients or manikins are used to teach physical assessment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Third-year student pharmacists were randomized to learn physical assessment (cardiac and pulmonary examinations) using either a standardized patient or a manikin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Performance scores on the final examination and satisfaction with the learning method were compared between groups. Eighty and 74 student pharmacists completed the cardiac and pulmonary examinations, respectively. There was no difference in performance scores between student pharmacists who were trained using manikins vs standardized patients (93.8% vs. 93.5%, p=0.81). Student pharmacists who were trained using manikins indicated that they would have probably learned to perform cardiac and pulmonary examinations better had they been taught using standardized patients (p<0.001) and that they were less satisfied with their method of learning (p=0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Training using standardized patients and manikins are equally effective methods of learning physical assessment, but student pharmacists preferred using standardized patients.
authors.affiliation: St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. ggrice@stlcop.edu
authors.forename: Gloria R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Grice
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wenger
authors.forename: Natalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Brooks
authors.forename: Tricia M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Berry
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003479:Curriculum; D004512:Education, Pharmacy / Q000379:methods*; D004521:Educational Measurement; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning; D008348:Manikins; D016544:Patient Simulation; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D010808:Physical Examination; D013339:Students, Pharmacy / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D013663:Teaching / Q000379:methods*
keywords: cardiac examination; manikins; physical assessment; pulmonary examination; standardized patients