title: Dynamic functional connectivity: promise, issues, and interpretations.
abstract: The brain must dynamically integrate, coordinate, and respond to internal and external stimuli across multiple time scales. Non-invasive measurements of brain activity with fMRI have greatly advanced our understanding of the large-scale functional organization supporting these fundamental features of brain function. Conclusions from previous resting-state fMRI investigations were based upon static descriptions of functional connectivity (FC), and only recently studies have begun to capitalize on the wealth of information contained within the temporal features of spontaneous BOLD FC. Emerging evidence suggests that dynamic FC metrics may index changes in macroscopic neural activity patterns underlying critical aspects of cognition and behavior, though limitations with regard to analysis and interpretation remain. Here, we review recent findings, methodological considerations, neural and behavioral correlates, and future directions in the emerging field of dynamic FC investigations.
authors.affiliation: Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada. rhutchis@uwo.ca
authors.forename: R Matthew
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Hutchison
authors.forename: Thilo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Womelsdorf
authors.forename: Elena A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: Peter A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Bandettini
authors.forename: Vince D
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: Calhoun
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Corbetta
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Della Penna
authors.forename: Jeff H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Duyn
authors.forename: Gary H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Glover
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Castillo
authors.forename: Daniel A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Handwerker
authors.forename: Shella
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Keilholz
authors.forename: Vesa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kiviniemi
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Leopold
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: de Pasquale
authors.forename: Olaf
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sporns
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Walter
authors.forename: Catie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply / Q000502:physiology*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D063132:Connectome / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D008959:Models, Neurological; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000098:blood supply / Q000502:physiology*; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Dynamics; Fluctuations; Functional MRI (fMRI); Functional connectivity; Resting state; Spontaneous activity