title: Endogenous sex steroid levels and cardiovascular disease in relation to the menopause: a systematic review.
abstract: Heart disease remains a major cause of death among women in the United States. This article focuses on physiologic endogenous estrogen levels with a systematic review of literature related to endogenous sex steroid levels and coronary artery disease (CAD) among postmenopausal women with natural or surgical menopause. There is adequate reason to seek evidence for associations of circulating estrogen levels and CAD. In the future, even if ovarian senescence-associated hormonal changes are confirmed to be associated with CAD in cohort studies of postmenopausal women, there may be other components explaining the gender differences in CAD patterns.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA. ccrandall@mednet.ucla.edu
authors.forename: Carolyn J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Crandall
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Barrett-Connor
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging; D000728:Androgens / Q000097:blood*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood*; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D004967:Estrogens / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D017698:Postmenopause; D012307:Risk Factors; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D004967:Estrogens; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin; D004958:Estradiol