title: Mechanism-based inhibition of iPLA2β demonstrates a highly reactive cysteine residue (C651) that interacts with the active site: mass spectrometric elucidation of the mechanisms underlying inhibition.
abstract: The multifaceted roles of calcium-independent phospholipase A2β (iPLA2β) in numerous cellular processes have been extensively examined through utilization of the iPLA2-selective inhibitor (E)-6-(bromomethylene)-3-(1-naphthalenyl)-2H-tetrahydropyran-2-one (BEL). Herein, we employed accurate mass/high resolution mass spectrometry to demonstrate that the active site serine (S465) and C651 of iPLA2β are covalently cross-linked during incubations with BEL demonstrating their close spatial proximity. This cross-link results in macroscopic alterations in enzyme molecular geometry evidenced by anomalous migration of the cross-linked enzyme by SDS-PAGE. Molecular models of iPLA2β constructed from the crystal structure of iPLA2α (patatin) indicate that the distance between S465 and C651 is approximately 10 Å within the active site of iPLA2β. Kinetic analysis of the formation of the 75 kDa iPLA2β-BEL species with the (R) and (S) enantiomers of BEL demonstrated that the reaction of (S)-BEL with iPLA2β was more rapid than for (R)-BEL paralleling the enantioselectivity for the inhibition of catalysis by each inhibitor with iPLA2β. Moreover, we demonstrate that the previously identified selective acylation of iPLA2β by oleoyl-CoA occurs at C651 thereby indicating the importance of active site architecture for acylation of this enzyme. Collectively, these results identify C651 as a highly reactive nucleophilic residue within the active site of iPLA2β which is thioesterified by BEL, acylated by oleoyl-CoA, and located in close spatial proximity to the catalytic serine thereby providing important chemical insights on the mechanisms through which BEL inhibits iPLA2β and the topology of the active site.
authors.affiliation: Division of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.forename: Jingyue
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Richard W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Gross
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002384:Catalysis; D020134:Catalytic Domain; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D003545:Cysteine / Q000737:chemistry*; D015195:Drug Design; D006868:Hydrolysis; D007313:Insecta; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008956:Models, Chemical; D054512:Phospholipases A2, Calcium-Independent / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D012694:Serine / Q000737:chemistry; D013053:Spectrophotometry
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D012694:Serine; D054512:Phospholipases A2, Calcium-Independent; D003545:Cysteine