title: Genetic associations of relaxin: preterm birth and premature rupture of fetal membranes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Relaxin H2 (RLN2) is a systemic hormone (sRLN) that is produced by the corpus luteum, whereas decidual RLN (dRLN) acts only locally. Elevated sRLN is associated with spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) and elevated dRLN with preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM). Associations were sought between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the RLN2 promoter with levels of dRLN and sRLN in Filipino patients with sPTB, PPROM, or normal term delivery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Stringent selection of women with sPTB (n = 20) or PPROM (n = 20) and term control subjects (n = 20) was made from >8000 samples from Filipino patients who delivered at 34-36 weeks' gestation. Twelve SNPs were genotyped on maternal blood, with 9 excluded based on the high linkage disequilibrium or being the same as in the control population. Quantitative immunocytochemistry on parietal decidual tissue was performed (n = 60); sRLN was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in a subset of patients (n = 21).
  
  
  RESULTS
  SNP rs4742076 was associated significantly with PPROM (P < .001) and increased expression of dRLN (P < .001). The genotype TT had increased dRLN in PPROM (P < .05). SNP rs3758239 was associated significantly with both PPROM and sPTB (P < .01), and genotype AA had increased dRLN expression (P < .05). The sRLN showed a trend of higher levels in PPROM and sPTB, but was not significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SNP rs4742076 in the RLN2 promoter was associated with increased dRLN expression and PPROM; SNP rs3758239 was associated with both PPROM and sPTB in these Filipino patients. Specific homozygous genotypes were identified for both SNPs and were shown to be associated with increased dRLN tissue expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Health, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA.
authors.forename: Frederico G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.forename: Thomas P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Slavin
authors.forename: Dongmei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Maarit I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Tiirikainen
authors.forename: Gillian D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Bryant-Greenwood
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005322:Premature Rupture of Fetal Membranes / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011247:Pregnancy; D047928:Premature Birth / Q000235:genetics*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012065:Relaxin / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C095068:RLN2 protein, human; D012065:Relaxin
keywords: polymorphism; preterm birth; preterm premature rupture of membranes; quantitative immunocytochemistry; relaxin