title: Evaluation of the accuracy and related factors of the mechanical torque-limiting device for dental implants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Accurate delivery of torque to implant screws is critical to generate ideal preload in the screw joint and to offer protection against screw loosening. Mechanical torque-limiting devices (MTLDs) are available for this reason. In this study, the accuracy of one type of friction-style and two types of spring-style MTLDs at baseline, following fatigue conditions and sterilization processes were determined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five unused MTLDs were selected from each of Straumann (ITI), Astra TECH and CWM systems. To measure the output of each MTLD, a digital torque gauge with a 3-jaw chuck was used to hold the driver. Force was applied to the MTLDs until either the friction styles released at a pre-calibrated torque value or the spring styles flexed to a pre-calibrated limit (target torque value). The peak torque value was recorded and the procedure was repeated 5 times for each MTLD. Then MTLDs were subjected to fatigue conditions at 500 and 1000 times and steam sterilization processes at 50 and 100 times and the peak torque value was recorded again at each stage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adjusted difference between measured torque values and target torque values differed significantly between stages for all 3 systems. Adjusted difference did not differ significantly between systems at all stages, but differed significantly between two different styles at baseline and 500 times fatigue stages.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Straumann (ITI) devices differed minimally from target torque values at all stages. MTLDs with Spring-style were significantly more accurate than Friction-style device in achieving their target torque values at baseline and 500 times fatigue.
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mahmood
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kazemi
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rohanian
authors.forename: Abbas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Monzavi
authors.forename: Mohammad Sadegh
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Nazari
keywords: Calibration; Dental Implantation; Torque