title: Hydrocortisone treatment for bronchopulmonary dysplasia and brain volumes in preterm infants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether there was an adverse effect on brain growth after hydrocortisone (HC) treatment for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in a large cohort of infants without dexamethasone exposure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Infants who received HC for BPD between 2005 and 2011 and underwent magnetic resonance imaging at term-equivalent age were included. Control infants born in Geneva (2005-2006) and Utrecht (2007-2011) were matched to the infants treated with HC according to segmentation method, sex, and gestational age. Infants with overt parenchymal pathology were excluded. Multivariable analysis was used to determine if there was a difference in brain volumes between the 2 groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-three infants treated with HC and 73 matched controls were included. Mean gestational age was 26.7 weeks, and mean birth weight was 906 g. After correction for gestational age, postmenstrual age at time of scanning, the presence of intraventricular hemorrhage, and birth weight z-score, no differences were found between infants treated with HC and controls in total brain tissue or cerebellar volumes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the absence of associated parenchymal brain injury, no reduction in brain tissue or cerebellar volumes could be found at term-equivalent age between infants with or without treatment with HC for BPD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Karina J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Kersbergen
authors.forename: Linda S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: de Vries
authors.forename: Britt J M
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: van Kooij
authors.forename: Ivana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Išgum
authors.forename: Karin J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Rademaker
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: van Bel
authors.forename: Petra S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Hüppi
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dubois
authors.forename: Floris
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Groenendaal
authors.forename: Manon J N L
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Benders
mesh_terms: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D001997:Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016014:Linear Models; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D016555:Matched-Pair Analysis; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D006854:Hydrocortisone
keywords: 3-Dimensional; 3D; BPD; Bronchopulmonary dysplasia; Echo time; HC; Hydrocortisone; IVH; Intraventricular hemorrhage; MR; MRI; Magnetic resonance; Magnetic resonance imaging; Repetition time; TE; TR