title: Biochemical responses in armored catfish (Pterygoplichthys anisitsi) after short-term exposure to diesel oil, pure biodiesel and biodiesel blends.
abstract: Biodiesel fuel is gradually replacing petroleum-based diesel oil use. Despite the biodiesel being considered friendlier to the environment, little is known about its effects in aquatic organisms. In this work we evaluated whether biodiesel exposure can affect oxidative stress parameters and biotransformation enzymes in armored catfish (Pterygoplichthys anisitsi, Loricariidae), a South American endemic species. Thus, fish were exposed for 2 and 7d to 0.01mLL(-1) and 0.1mLL(-1) of pure diesel, pure biodiesel (B100) and blends of diesel with 5% (B5) and 20% (B20) biodiesel. Lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde) levels and the activities of the enzymes glutathione S-transferase, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase were measured in liver and gills. Also, DNA damage (8-oxo-7, 8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine) levels in gills and 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity in liver were assessed. Pure diesel, B5 and B20 blends changed most of the enzymes tested and in some cases, B5 and B20 induced a higher enzyme activity than pure diesel. Antioxidant system activation in P. anisitsi was effective to counteract reactive oxygen species effects, since DNA damage and lipid peroxidation levels were maintained at basal levels after all treatments. However, fish gills exposed to B20 and B100 presented increased lipid peroxidation. Despite biodiesel being more biodegradable fuel that emits less greenhouse gases, the increased lipid peroxidation showed that biofuel and its blends also represent hazards to aquatic biota.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química e Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Estadual Paulista (IBILCE/UNESP), Rua Critóvão Colombo, 2265, CEP - 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil. lilanog@gmail.com
authors.forename: Lílian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nogueira
authors.forename: Danilo Grünig Humberto
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.forename: Thiago Yukio Kikuchi
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: Joel Maurício Correa
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: da Rosa
authors.forename: Andréia Arantes
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Felício
authors.forename: Eduardo Alves
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: de Almeida
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D056804:Biofuels / Q000633:toxicity*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002397:Catfishes / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D005880:Gills / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D006151:Guanosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010578:Petroleum / Q000633:toxicity*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D056804:Biofuels; D015415:Biomarkers; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D010578:Petroleum; D006151:Guanosine; C046215:8-hydroxyguanosine; D008315:Malondialdehyde
keywords: Biodiesel; Biomarker; Diesel oil; Oxidative stress; Pterygoplichthys anisitsi