title: The genomic landscape of prostate cancer.
abstract: By the age of 80, approximately 80% of men will manifest some cancerous cells within their prostate, indicating that prostate cancer constitutes a major health burden. While this disease is clinically insignificant in most men, it can become lethal in others. The most challenging task for clinicians is developing a patient-tailored treatment in the knowledge that this disease is highly heterogeneous and that relatively little adequate prognostic tools are available to distinguish aggressive from indolent disease. Next-generation sequencing allows a description of the cancer at an unprecedented level of detail and at different levels, going from whole genome or exome sequencing to transcriptome analysis and methylation-specific immunoprecipitation, followed by sequencing. Integration of all these data is leading to a better understanding of the initiation, progression and metastatic processes of prostate cancer. Ultimately, these insights will result in a better and more personalized treatment of patients suffering from prostate cancer. The present review summarizes current knowledge on copy number changes, gene fusions, single nucleotide mutations and polymorphisms, methylation, microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs obtained from high-throughput studies.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, P.O. Box 901, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. frank.claessens@med.kuleuven.be.
authors.forename: Lien
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Spans
authors.forename: Liesbeth
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Clinckemalie
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Helsen
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vanderschueren
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Boonen
authors.forename: Evelyne
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lerut
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Joniau
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Claessens
mesh_terms: D056915:DNA Copy Number Variations / Q000235:genetics; D019175:DNA Methylation / Q000235:genetics; D015894:Genome, Human / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D022661:RNA, Untranslated / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D022661:RNA, Untranslated; D011944:Receptors, Androgen