title: Clinical outcomes of conservative management of spinal cord cavernous angiomas.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There have been numerous studies on the outcomes of surgery for spinal cord cavernous angiomas. However, the natural history of conservatively treated disease is not well known. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the outcomes of conservatively managed patients with spinal cord cavernous angioma to determine the appropriate treatment strategies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four patients who visited a single institution over an 11-year period and who were treated conservatively were enrolled in this study. Their medical records and radiological images were reviewed retrospectively. The neurologic status of the patients was assessed using the Japanese Orthopedic Association scoring system and the clinical presentation of the patients was classified into the following 4 categories: type A, asymptomatic; B, pain only; C, sensory deficits; and D, sensory and motor deficits. The results of types C and D patients were compared with the results of previously reported surgical series from our institution.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of the enrolled patients was 52.0 years (21-73). The mean duration of the clinical follow-up was 60.5 months (11-119) and the follow-up using magnetic resonance imaging was 52.4 months (3-122). Cavernous angiomas presented in the cervical spinal cord in 12 patients, thoracic spinal cord in 10 patients and in multiple levels of the spinal cord in 2 patients. There were 5, 5, 7, and 7 patients, respectively, classified with types A, B, C, and D for clinical presentations. The rate of recurrent hemorrhage was 1.7 %/patient-year and all recurrent hemorrhages only developed in type C or D patients. In types C and D patients, improvement in the JOA score during the follow-up period was 0.77 ± 1.8 in the conservative group and 1.07 ± 1.8 in the surgical group (p = 0.500). However, improvement in the JOA sensory score after surgical treatment was statistically significant (P = 0.007).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Conservative treatment may be a reasonable treatment strategy for patients with types A and B. If patients present with type C or D, surgical treatment is recommended considering the better improvements in sensory deficits and the high rate of recurrent hemorrhage in such patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kang Min
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Chun Kee
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Won
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Huh
authors.forename: Woong Jae
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sung Bae
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Chi Heon
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ki-Jeong
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Tae-Ahn
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Jahng
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006392:Hemangioma, Cavernous / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013117:Spinal Cord Compression / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013120:Spinal Cord Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult