title: Dietary fat and physical activity in relation to breast cancer among Polish women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dietary fat has been inconsistently associated with the risk of breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between meat and animal and plant fat intake and breast cancer risk in subgroups by total lifetime physical activity, using data from a case-control study conducted in the Region of Western Pomerania, Poland.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 858 women with histological confirmed breast cancer and 1,085 controls, free of any cancer diagnosis. The study was based on a self-administered questionnaire including questions about socio-demographic characteristics, current weight and height, reproductive factors, family history of breast cancer and lifestyle habits. Unconditional logistic regression was performed to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  High animal fat intake significantly increased OR from 1.7 times (OR=1.66, 95%CI=1.07-3.59) to 2.9 times (OR=2.9, 95%CI=1.37- 6.14) independent of physical activity level, comparing the third versus the lowest quartile. Women with a high intake of red meat or processed meat and low physical activity showed increased risk of breast cancer: OR=2.70, 95%CI=1.21-6.03 and 1.78, 95%CI=1.04-3.59, respectively. The plant fat dietary pattern was negatively associated with breast cancer in sedentary women (OR=0.57, 95%CI=0.32-0.99).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicated that a diet characterized by a high consumption of animal fat is associated with a higher breast cancer risk in sedentary women, while consumption of plant fat products may reduce risk in the same group.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Physical Culture and Health Promotion, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland. joanna.kruk@univ.szczecin.pl
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kruk
authors.forename: Mariola
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marchlewicz
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D057185:Sedentary Behavior
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats