title: Assessment of clinical competencies using clinical images and videos "CIVA".
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This paper describes an assessment approach of clinical competencies which widens the number of problems and tasks evaluated using videos and images.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical Image and Video Assessment (CIVA) was used to assess clinical reasoning and decision making of final year medical students. Forty to fifty clinical videos and images supported by rich text vignette and reviewed by subject matter experts were selected based on examination blueprints for analysis. CIVA scores were correlated with OSCE, Direct Observation Clinical Encounter Exam (DOCEE) and written exam scores, using the 2-sided Pearson correlation analysis, and their reliability was analyzed using Cronbach's Alpha Coefficient. Furthermore, students personally evaluated the CIVA using a 5- point Likert scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CIVA and OSCE scores showed a high correlation (r = 0.83) in contrast with the correlation scores of the written examination (r = .36) and the DOCEE (r = 0.35). Cronbach's Alpha for the OSCE and CIVA for the first batch was 0.71 and 0.78. As for the second batch it was 0.91 and 0.91 respectively. Eighty-two percent of students were very satisfied or satisfied with the CIVA process, contents and quality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A well constructed CIVA type assessment with a rich authentic vignette and good quality videos and images could be used to assess clinical reasoning and decision making of final year medical students. CIVA is an assessment tool which correlates well with OSCE, compliments the written and DOCEE and is easier to conduct at a possibly reduced cost.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family and Community Medicine and Behavioural Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. nsulaiman@sharjah.ac.ae
authors.forename: Nabil D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Sulaiman
authors.forename: Hossam
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hamdy
mesh_terms: D002983:Clinical Competence / Q000592:standards*; D004521:Educational Measurement / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D010781:Photography; D014741:Video Recording