title: [Lower blepharoplasty: would the surgery provide satisfaction to the patient?].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to analyze prospectively fifty patients submitted to lower eyelid blepharoplasty at the Federal University of São Paulo, between April 2005 and May 2007.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty patients were assigned to interventions into two surgical groups by using random allocation. The Surgical Group1 (control group) was composed of 25 patients who were submitted to conservatively standard fat-resection lower eyelid blepharoplasty, and routine lateral canthal support. The Surgical Group 2 (experimental group) was represented by 25 patients submitted to lower eyelid blepharoplasty with periorbital fat mobilization and arcus marginalis redrape, and routine lateral canthal support. The self-esteem of all patients was compared with those in 25 age-matched volunteers from the general population. The parameters of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale were determined preoperatively and at 6-month interval postoperatively. Standardized photographs obtained before and after surgery were evaluated by three independent observers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median follow-up was 395 days (range 364 to 547 days). The mean age was 48.8 years, the population's gender was predominantly female (96%). Analysis of preoperative and postoperative photographs showed that 96% patients achieved significant improvement. Self-esteem scores improved from baseline preoperative mean levels of 5.1 (Standard Deviation = 4.1) to a mean level of 3.6 (Standard Deviation = 3.5) at 6 months post-surgery (p=0.001). No patients had orbital hematoma, blepharitis, lagophthalmos or ectropion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The authors concluded that both procedures are safe and effective with low complication rates, and marked improvement in self-esteem was observed in patients at 6-month follow-up.
authors.affiliation: Instituto da Visão, Departamento de Oftalmologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brasil. info@cliniplast.com
authors.forename: Giovanni André Pires
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Viana
authors.forename: Midori Hentona
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Osaki
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nishi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019882:Blepharoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D005143:Eyelids / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012649:Self Concept; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome