title: Effects of hypokalemia on transmural dispersion of ventricular repolarization in left ventricular myocardium.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To observe effects of hypokalemia on transmural heterogeneity of ventricular repolarization in left ventricular myocardium of rabbit, and explore the role of hypokalemia in malignant ventricular arrhythmia (MVA).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 20 rabbits were randomly divided into control group and hypokalemic group. Isolated hearts in the control group were simply perfused with modified Tyrode's solution, and were perfused with hypokalemic Tyrode's solution in hypokalemic group. Ventricular fibrillation threshold (VFT), 90% monophasic action potential repolarization duration (APD90) of subepicardial, midmyocardial and subendocardial myocardium, transmural dispersion of repolarization (TDR) and C×43 protein expression in three layers of myocardium were measured in both groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  VFT in the control group and the hypokalemic group were (13.40 ± 2.95) V, and (7.00 ± 1.49) V, respectively. There was a significant difference between two groups (P<0.01). APD90 of three myocardial layers in the hypokalemic group were significantly prolonged than those in the control group (P<0.01). ΔAPD90 in the hypokalemic group and the control group were (38.10 ± 10.29) ms and (23.70 ± 5.68) ms, and TDR were (52.90 ± 14.55) ms and (36.10 ± 12.44) ms, respectively. ΔAPD90 and TDR in the hypokalemic group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05), and the increase in APD90 of midmyocardium was more significant in the hypokalemic group. Cx43 protein expression of all three myocardial layers were decreased significantly in the hypokalemic group (P<0.01), and ΔCx43 was significantly increased (P<0.05). Reduction of Cx43 protein expression was more significant in the midmyocardium.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hypokalemic can increase transmural heterogeneity of C×43 expression and repolarization in left ventricular myocardium of rabbit, and decrease VFT and can induce MVA more easily.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Affiliated South Hospital of South Medical University, Guangzhou 440100, China.
authors.forename: Jiang-Hua
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.forename: Shi-Juan
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Mo-Shui
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Zi-Bin
authors.initials: ZB
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Liu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ping-Sheng
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D017629:Gap Junctions / Q000502:physiology; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D007008:Hypokalemia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D009206:Myocardium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D011817:Rabbits; D014693:Ventricular Fibrillation / Q000503:physiopathology