title: Neurodevelopmental outcome in children with congenital heart disease.
abstract: Children with congenital heart disease (CHD) have multiple factors contributing toward their risk of later neurodevelopmental difficulties. With earlier diagnosis and improved survival rates, the management of CHD now includes the recognition of neurodevelopmental risks and optimisation of neurodevelopmental outcomes is emphasised. Neuroimaging studies have shown early differences in brain development for children with CHD, who then are vulnerable to additional brain injury in the perinatal period. For some children, complications and co-morbidities may further increase the risk of brain injury. Synthesis of multiple factors is necessary to estimate neurodevelopmental prognosis for an individual child. Long-term neurodevelopmental follow-up of children with CHD is warranted for early identification of and intervention for difficulties.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, UK.
authors.forename: Miriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martinez-Biarge
authors.forename: Victoria C
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Jowett
authors.forename: Frances M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Cowan
authors.forename: Courtney J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Wusthoff
mesh_terms: D002657:Child Development; D005260:Female; D047109:Fetal Development; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000196:embryology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000151:congenital* / Q000196:embryology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000196:embryology / Q000209:etiology; D009421:Nervous System Malformations / Q000196:embryology / Q000209:etiology; D055495:Neurogenesis; D011247:Pregnancy
keywords: Congenital heart defect; Infant; Magnetic resonance imaging; Neurodevelopment; Neurology; Newborn; Outcome