title: Carnitine or dimethyl sulfoxide, or both, for the treatment of anthracycline extravasation in rats.
abstract: This study aimed to compare the efficacy of topical dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), intralesional and systemic carnitine as monotherapy and in combination against ulceration in rats induced by intradermal doxorubicin extravasation. Sixty-nine 3-month-old male Wistar albino rats, weighing between 200-225 g, were used in this study. Rats were applied monotherapy or a combination of topical DMSO, intraperitoneal or intralesional carnitine. Control groups received saline or no drug. The necrotic area was measured and extravasated neutrophil leukocytes were counted in healthy tissue adjacent to necrotic areas. Monotherapy with topical and systemic carnitine did not significantly reduce the size of necrotic areas. However, topical DMSO had reduced necrotic areas and inflammatory cells significantly and the addition of systemic carnitine to topical DMSO had increased the efficacy. DMSO is an effective, safe, and easy-to-apply treatment for doxorubicin-induced extravasation. Further clinical studies are needed to evaluate the use of carnitine in combination with DMSO.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology.
authors.forename: Sernaz
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Uzunoglu
authors.forename: Rusen
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cosar
authors.forename: Irfan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Cicin
authors.forename: Kamuran
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ibis
authors.forename: Ebru
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Demiralay
authors.forename: Erol
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Benlier
authors.forename: Bulent
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Erdogan
authors.forename: Huseyin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kandulu
authors.forename: Alaattin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ozen
authors.forename: Semsi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Altaner
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D018943:Anthracyclines / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002331:Carnitine / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005119:Extravasation of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Materials / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015552:Injections, Intralesional; D008297:Male; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012883:Skin Ulcer / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D018943:Anthracyclines; D004317:Doxorubicin; D002331:Carnitine; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide