title: Accuracy of weight estimates in pediatric patients by prehospital Emergency Medical Services personnel.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Most medications administered to children are weight-based, and inaccurate weight estimation may contribute to medical errors. Previous studies have been limited to hypothetical patients and those in cardiopulmonary arrest. We aim to determine the accuracy of weight estimates by Emergency Medical Services (EMS) personnel of children receiving medications and to identify factors associated with accuracy.
  
  
  METHODS
  EMS records of children <18 years old receiving weight-based medications were merged with EMS staffing data and hospital records. The rate of accurate weight estimates, defined as a value within 20% of the actual weight, was evaluated as the primary outcome. Factors associated with patients and prehospital personnel were also evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  29233 transports occurring during the study period were reviewed, and 199 transports of 179 children were analyzed. The average experience of EMS personnel was 35.8 months (SD ±30.7). EMS personnel accurately estimated weights in 164/199 (82.4%) patients; estimated weights were within 10.8% (SD ±10.5) of the actual weights. Underestimated weights were associated with receiving doses outside of the therapeutic range. Inaccurate weight estimates were associated with age less than 10 years or cardiopulmonary arrest. There was a trend toward inaccurate weight estimates among children who presented with seizures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EMS personnel are generally accurate in estimating weights of children. There was an association between underestimated weights and inaccurate medication dosing. Younger children or those presenting with seizure or cardiopulmonary arrest were more likely to have inaccurate weight estimates.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA. Czer-Anthoney.Lim@NBHN.net
authors.forename: C Anthoney E
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Bradley J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Kaufman
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: O'Connor
authors.forename: Sandra J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Cunningham
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D001835:Body Weight; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D054796:Drug Dosage Calculations; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004634:Emergency Medical Technicians / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008508:Medication Errors / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D012189:Retrospective Studies