title: Psychological responses and adherence to exercise in heart failure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to describe psychological effects and exercise adherence during a multicomponent exercise training intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  A sample of 42 patients with heart failure were randomized into an exercise (INV) group (n = 22) and an attention control (AC) group (n = 20). The exercise protocol included two 12-week phases, a structured phase and a self-managed phase. The psychological responses assessed were mood states and exercise self-efficacy. To meet the second purpose of the study, the exercise group was dichotomized based on the number of sessions completed to create two adherence subgroups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results indicate self-efficacy improved for the INV group and was maintained during the self-management phase. The adherence subgroups demonstrated different patterns for weekly exercise. Depression and confusion scores improved for the high-adherence group in contrast to worsening for the low-adherence group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggest a need for further study of the psychological responses of exercise adherence for patients with heart failure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study indicates the importance of continuous assessment of exercise participation and longer term adherence support for patients with heart failure.
authors.affiliation: College of Nursing-Lincoln Division, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA.
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Duncan
authors.forename: Bunny
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pozehl
authors.forename: Melody
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hertzog
authors.forename: Joseph F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Norman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D004509:Education, Nursing, Continuing; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods* / Q000451:nursing*; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000451:nursing / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000523:psychology*; D019145:Rehabilitation Nursing / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Heart failure; adherence; exercise; frequency; psychological