title: Effect of formoterol on eosinophil trans-basement membrane migration induced by interleukin-8-stimulated neutrophils.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Neutrophils are often increased in the airways of either chronic severe asthma or acute exacerbations. Neutrophils that have migrated in response to interleukin-8 (IL-8) may lead eosinophils to accumulate in the airways of patients with asthma and possibly aggravate the disease. In this study, we investigated whether formoterol modified the trans-basement membrane migration (TBM) of eosinophils stimulated with neutrophils and IL-8.
  
  
  METHODS
  Neutrophils and eosinophils were isolated from peripheral blood obtained from healthy donors. Eosinophil TBM was examined using a modified Boyden's chamber technique. Neutrophils were preincubated with or without formoterol (0.1 μM) at 37°C for 30 min. Eosinophils were added to the upper compartment of a chamber with a Matrigel-coated transwell insert. Medium containing preincubated neutrophils and IL-8 was added to the lower compartment of the chamber. After a 90-minute incubation, the eosinophils that had migrated into the lower chamber were calculated using eosinophil peroxidase assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A combination of neutrophils and IL-8 significantly induced the eosinophil TBM; formoterol alone had no effect. However, formoterol modestly but significantly attenuated the TBM of eosinophils stimulated with neutrophils and IL-8.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that formoterol may act as a therapeutic agent on enhanced eosinophilic inflammation in acute exacerbation or persistent, severe asthma. The effect of formoterol likely involves the inhibition of neutrophil activation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kawashima
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Fuyumi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nishihara
authors.forename: Takehito
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Yotaro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takaku
authors.forename: Kazuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakagome
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Soma
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hagiwara
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kanazawa
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagata
mesh_terms: D001485:Basement Membrane; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002634:Chemotaxis, Leukocyte / Q000187:drug effects; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology*; D004983:Ethanolamines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000068759:Formoterol Fumarate; D006801:Humans; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018375:Neutrophil Activation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology*; D057705:Transendothelial and Transepithelial Migration / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D004983:Ethanolamines; D016209:Interleukin-8; D000068759:Formoterol Fumarate