title: The analgesic efficacy of ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block for retroperitoneoscopic donor nephrectomy: A randomized controlled study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block is suitable for lower abdominal surgeries. Blind TAP block has many complications and uncertainty of its effects. Use of ultrasonography increases the safety and efficacy. This study was conducted to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of ultrasound (USG)-guided TAP block for retroperitoneoscopic donor nephrectomy (RDN).
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective randomized double-blind study, 60 patients undergoing laparoscopic donor nephrectomy were randomly divided into two groups by closed envelope method. At the end of surgery, USG-guided TAP block was given to the patients of both the groups. Study group (group S) received inj. Bupivacaine (0.375%), whereas control group (group C) received normal saline. Inj. Tramadol (1 mg/kg) was given as rescue analgesic at visual analog scale (VAS) more than 3 in any group at rest or on movement. The analgesic efficacy was judged by VAS both at rest and on movement, time tofirst dose of rescue analgesic, cumulative dose of tramadol, sedation score, and nausea score, which were also noted at 30 min, 2, 4, 6, 12, 18, and 24 h postoperatively. Total tramadol consumption at 24 h was also assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients in group S had significantly lower VAS score, longer time tofirst dose of rescue analgesic (547.13±266.96 min vs. 49.17±24.95 min) and lower tramadol consumption (103.8±32.18 mg vs. 235.8±47.5 mg) in 24 h.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The USG-guided TAP block is easy to perform and effective as a postoperative analgesic regimen in RDN, with opioids-sparing effect and without any complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Institute of Kidney Diseases and Research Centre, Civil Hospital Campus, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Beena K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Parikh
authors.forename: Vishal T
authors.initials: VT
authors.lastname: Waghmare
authors.forename: Veena R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Tanu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mehta
authors.forename: Beena P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Butala
authors.forename: Geeta P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Parikh
authors.forename: Kalpana S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Vora
keywords: Drugs – bupivacaine and tramadol; retroperitoneoscopic donor nephrectomy; transversus abdominis plane block; ultrasound