title: Prevention of overweight in children younger than 2 years old: a pilot cluster-randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of a 1-year family-based healthy lifestyle intervention implemented through day-care centres on toddlers' BMI Z-scores and reported activity- and dietary-related behaviours.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pilot cluster-randomized controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy child-care centres in three different intervention communities and three paired-matched control communities in Flanders, Belgium.
  
  
  METHODS
  A sample of 203 Belgian toddlers aged 9-24 months was included in the study. Objectively assessed weight and height were used to calculate BMI Z-scores. A parental-report questionnaire was used to assess children's lifestyle behaviours.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Positive intervention effects were found on BMI Z-score. No intervention effects were found for activity- and dietary-related behaviours targeted by the intervention. In both intervention and control groups, daily consumption of water, soft drinks, sweets and savoury snacks increased while daily consumption of fruit and vegetables decreased over 1 year. Daily physical activity remained stable but screen-time behaviour increased in both groups over time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study showed that a family-based healthy lifestyle intervention implemented through day-care centres can lead to healthier weight outcomes in toddlers. In both groups, an unhealthier lifestyle pattern was observed over 1 year which underlines the importance of the early childhood period as the focus of future behavioural interventions.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Vera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Verbestel
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Valerie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: De Coen
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Myriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Van Winckel
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Inge
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Huybrechts
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Lea
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Maes
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Ilse
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: De Bourdeaudhuij
mesh_terms: D001530:Belgium; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002656:Child Day Care Centers; D003201:Computers; D004032:Diet; D015444:Exercise; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D015438:Health Behavior; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D018730:Infant Behavior; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000517:prevention & control*; D050177:Overweight / Q000517:prevention & control; D010290:Parents; D010865:Pilot Projects; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013690:Television