title: Inadequate nutrient intake in Brazilian adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess energy and nutrient consumption and the prevalence of inadequate micronutrient intake among Brazilian adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  A random sample composed of 6,797 adolescents (49.7% girls), between 10 and 18 years old, was evaluated in the first National Dietary Survey, part of the Household Budget Survey carried out in 2008-2009. Expansion factors, sample complexity design and correction of intraindividual variability were considered. The prevalence of inadequate micronutrient intake was based on the proportion of adolescents with intake below the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR). The prevalence of intake above the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) was estimated for sodium.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean energy intake ranged between 1,869 kcal (10 to 13 year old females) and 2,198 kcal (14 to 18 year old males). Of the total energy intake, 57% came from carbohydrates, 27% from lipids and about 16% from proteins. Inadequacies were higher for calcium (> 95%), phosphorous (54% to 69%) and vitamins A (66% to 85%), E (100%) and C (27% to 49%). More than 70% of adolescents reported sodium intake above the UL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mean energy consumption and distribution of macro-nutrients were adequate, but prevalence of inadequate vitamin and mineral intake were high and notable consumption of sodium above the recommended levels, low levels of calcium consumption and, in 14 to 18 year old females, important inadequacies in iron intake were found.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Nutrição Social e Aplicada, Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. gvveiga@globo.com
authors.forename: Gloria Valeria da
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Veiga
authors.forename: Rosana Salles da
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: Marina Campos
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Araújo
authors.forename: Amanda de Moura
authors.initials: Ade M
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.forename: Ilana Nogueira
authors.initials: IN
authors.lastname: Bezerra
authors.forename: Flávia dos Santos
authors.initials: Fdos S
authors.lastname: Barbosa
authors.forename: Rosely
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sichieri
authors.forename: Rosangela Alves
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Pereira
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001938:Brazil; D002648:Child; D004034:Diet Surveys / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004435:Eating; D002149:Energy Intake; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012982:Sodium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014815:Vitamins / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D018977:Micronutrients; D012982:Sodium, Dietary; D014815:Vitamins