title: Toxicological and biochemical response of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana after exposure to deltamethrin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The chemical control of the Chagas disease vector Triatoma infestans is endangered by the emergence of pyrethroid resistance. An effective alternative control tool is the use of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana. The effect of deltamethrin on fungal growth, gene expression and enzyme activity in relation to detoxification, antioxidant response and oxidative stress levels was studied to evaluate fungal tolerance to deltamethrin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) was 50 µg deltamethrin/cm(2). Cytochrome P450 genes were differentially expressed; cyp52X1 and cyp617N1 transcripts were > 2-fold induced, followed by cyp655C1 (1.8-fold). Minor effects were observed on genes encoding for other P450s, epoxide hydrolase and glutathione S-transferase (GST). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) genes showed induction levels ≤ 2, catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase genes were also induced ∼ 2-3-fold and < 2-fold, respectively. The activities of enzymes participating in the antioxidant defense system and phase II detoxification were also evaluated; SOD, CAT and GST activity showed significant differences with deltamethrin concentration. Lipid peroxidation levels and free proline content were also altered.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Beauveria bassiana GHA can be used combined with deltamethrin without significant metabolic detrimental effects. This combination will help optimizing the benefits and increasing the efficacy of vector control tools.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), CONICET CCT La Plata-Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina.
authors.forename: Lucas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Forlani
authors.forename: M Patricia
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Juárez
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lavarías
authors.forename: Nicolás
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pedrini
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D052982:Beauveria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D061046:Biological Control Agents; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D009570:Nitriles / Q000633:toxicity*; D011392:Proline / Q000378:metabolism; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000633:toxicity*; D014224:Triatoma
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D061046:Biological Control Agents; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D007306:Insecticides; D009570:Nitriles; D011722:Pyrethrins; C017180:decamethrin; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D011392:Proline
keywords: antioxidant response; entomopathogenic fungi; oxidative stress; pyrethroid detoxification