title: Modified penoplasty for concealed penis in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report a modified penoplasty technique for concealed penis in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 2006 and June 2012, 201 cases of concealed penis were surgically repaired with modified penoplasty. The modified penoplasty technique consisted of 3 major steps: (1) degloved the penile skin and excised the inner prepuce, (2) advanced penoscrotal skin to cover penile shaft, and (3) fixed the penis base and reconstructed the penoscrotal angle.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred one cases of concealed penis were enrolled in this study over a period of 6 years. Mean age at the time of surgery was 5.3 years (range 1-13 years) and mean operative time was 40 minutes (range 30-65minutes). All patients were routinely followed up at 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery. Most patients developed postoperative edema and were resolved within 1 month, whereas 20 cases developed prolonged postoperative edema, especially at the site of frenulum, which took 3 months to be resolved. Ten cases had retraction after surgery. No erection difficulties were recorded. Patients/parents reported better hygiene and improved visualization and accessibility of penis after surgery and were satisfied with the cosmetic outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The result of this study shows that the modified penoplasty technique is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for concealed penis with satisfied cosmetic outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China. mdtianyouyang@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Tianyou
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Liyu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Zhongmin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yingquan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004487:Edema / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D061646:Operative Time; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010413:Penis / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology*