title: Wuling san ameliorates urate under-excretion and renal dysfunction in hyperuricemic mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study was undertaken to characterize the effects of Wuling San on urate excretion and renal function, and explore its possible mechanisms of action in hyperuricemic mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mice were administered with 250 mg·kg(-1) potassium oxonate by gavage once daily (10 animals/group) for seven consecutive days to develop a hyperuricemia model. Different doses of Wuling powder were orally initiated on the day 1 h after oxonate was given, separately. Allopurinol was used as a positive control. Serum and urine levels of uric acid and creatinine, and fractional excretion of uric acid (FEUA) were measured in hyperuricemic mice treated with Wuling San and allopurinol. Simultaneously, renal mRNA and protein levels of urate transporter 1 (mURAT1), glucose transporter 9 (mGLUT9), organic anion transporter 1 (mOAT1), as well as organic cation/carnitine transporters mOCT1, mOCT2 and mOCTN2, were assayed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot methods, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared to the hyperuricemia control group, Wuling San significantly reduced serum uric acid and creatinine levels, increased 24 h urate and creatinine excretion, and FEUA in hyperuricemic mice, exhibiting its ability to enhance urate excretion and improve kidney function. Wuling San was found to down-regulate mRNA and protein levels of mURAT1 and mGLUT9, as well as up-regulate mOAT1 in the kidney of hyperuricemic mice. Moreover, Wuling San up-regulated renal mRNA and protein levels of mOCT1, mOCT2 and mOCTN2, leading to kidney protection in this model.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Qin
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Xing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yu-Xiang
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Ling-Dong
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Kong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D051246:Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D033461:Hyperuricemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D027362:Organic Anion Transport Protein 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D027361:Organic Anion Transporters / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D051246:Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative; D027362:Organic Anion Transport Protein 1; D027361:Organic Anion Transporters; C109687:Slc22a12 protein, mouse; C105033:Slc22a6 protein, mouse; C498775:Slc2a9 protein, mouse; C533472:wuling; D014527:Uric Acid