title: Interobserver agreement and diagnostic accuracy of brain magnetic resonance imaging in dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate interobserver agreement and diagnostic accuracy of brain MRI in dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Evaluation study.
  
  
  METHODS
  44 dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  5 board-certified veterinary radiologists with variable MRI experience interpreted transverse T2-weighted (T2w), T2w fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), and T1-weighted-FLAIR; transverse, sagittal, and dorsal T2w; and T1-weighted-FLAIR postcontrast brain sequences (1.5 T). Several imaging parameters were scored, including the following: lesion (present or absent), lesion characteristics (axial localization, mass effect, edema, hemorrhage, and cavitation), contrast enhancement characteristics, and most likely diagnosis (normal, neoplastic, inflammatory, vascular, metabolic or toxic, or other). Magnetic resonance imaging diagnoses were determined initially without patient information and then repeated, providing history and signalment. For all cases and readers, MRI diagnoses were compared with final diagnoses established with results from histologic examination (when available) or with other pertinent clinical data (CSF analysis, clinical response to treatment, or MRI follow-up). Magnetic resonance scores were compared between examiners with κ statistics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Reading agreement was substantial to almost perfect (0.64 < κ < 0.86) when identifying a brain lesion on MRI; fair to moderate (0.14 < κ < 0.60) when interpreting hemorrhage, edema, and pattern of contrast enhancement; fair to substantial (0.22 < κ < 0.74) for dural tail sign and categorization of margins of enhancement; and moderate to substantial (0.40 < κ < 0.78) for axial localization, presence of mass effect, cavitation, intensity, and distribution of enhancement. Interobserver agreement was moderate to substantial for categories of diagnosis (0.56 < κ < 0.69), and agreement with the final diagnosis was substantial regardless of whether patient information was (0.65 < κ < 0.76) or was not (0.65 < κ < 0.68) provided.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study found that whereas some MRI features such as edema and hemorrhage were interpreted less consistently, radiologists were reasonably constant and accurate when providing diagnoses.
authors.affiliation: Département de Sciences Cliniques, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 7C6, Canada. mylene-kim.leclerc@hvrs.com
authors.forename: Mylène-Kim
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Leclerc
authors.forename: Marc-André
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: d'Anjou
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Blond
authors.forename: Éric Norman
authors.initials: ÉN
authors.lastname: Carmel
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dennis
authors.forename: Susan L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Kraft
authors.forename: Andrea R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Matthews
authors.forename: Joane M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Parent
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D004285:Dogs; D020300:Intracranial Hemorrhages / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards / Q000662:veterinary*; D015588:Observer Variation; D011859:Radiography