title: Choices and consequences of oviposition by a pollinating seed predator, Hadena ectypa (Noctuidae), on its host plant, Silene stellata (Caryophyllaceae).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pollinating seed predators are models for the study of mutualisms. These insects have dual effects on host-plant fitness, through pollination as adults and flower and fruit predation as larvae. A rarely examined question is whether pollinating seed-predator oviposition choices are influenced by plant floral and size traits and the potential consequences of oviposition for host-plant reproduction. •
  
  
  METHODS
  We quantified oviposition by a pollinating seed predator, Hadena ectypa, on its host, Silene stellata, to determine if oviposition was associated with specific plant traits and whether oviposition was significantly correlated with fruit initiation or flower and fruit predation over three years. We also quantified whether stigmatic pollen loads of flowers visited by Hadena that both fed on nectar and oviposited were greater than when Hadena only fed on nectar. •
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hadena had significant preference for plants having flowers with long corolla tubes in all three years. Moth oviposition was correlated with other traits only in some years. Oviposition did not increase stigmatic pollen loads. We observed significant positive relationships between both oviposition and fruit initiation and oviposition and flower/fruit predation. •
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hadena ectypa oviposition choices were based consistently on floral tube length differences among individuals, and the consequences of oviposition include both fruit initiation (due to pollination while feeding on nectar prior to oviposition) and larval flower/fruit predation. The positive association between oviposition and fruit initiation may explain the long-term maintenance of facultative pollinating seed-predator interactions.
authors.affiliation: Behavior, Ecology, Evolution and Systematics Graduate Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA. abigailkula@gmail.com
authors.forename: Abigail A R
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Kula
authors.forename: Michele R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Dudash
authors.forename: Charles B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Fenster
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D035264:Flowers; D009036:Moths / Q000502:physiology*; D010058:Oviposition / Q000502:physiology*; D011058:Pollen; D054817:Pollination / Q000502:physiology*; D012639:Seeds; D029751:Silene / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Hadena; Silene; floral traits; fruit predation; nursery pollinator; pollinating seed predator; pollination