title: Effects of anesthetics, sedatives, and opioids on ventilatory control.
abstract: This article provides a comprehensive, up to date summary of the effects of volatile, gaseous, and intravenous anesthetics and opioid agonists on ventilatory control. Emphasis is placed on data from human studies. Further mechanistic insights are provided by in vivo and in vitro data from other mammalian species. The focus is on the effects of clinically relevant agonist concentrations and studies using pharmacological, that is, supraclinical agonist concentrations are de-emphasized or excluded.
authors.affiliation: Medical College of Wisconsin, Anesthesia Research Service, Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA. estuth@mcw.edu
authors.forename: Eckehard A E
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Stuth
authors.forename: Astrid G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Stucke
authors.forename: Edward J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Zuperku
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018681:Anesthetics, General / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002344:Carotid Body / Q000187:drug effects; D002628:Chemoreceptor Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000187:drug effects; D023421:Models, Animal; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000187:drug effects; D012125:Respiratory Center / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D018681:Anesthetics, General; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D007473:Ion Channels