title: Imaging of scleroderma.
abstract: Systemic sclerosis is a rare autoimmune condition that affects a variety of organ systems. Knowledge of the imaging features in this patient population is essential in facilitating accurate diagnosis and guiding treatment. Common and rare imaging features of systemic sclerosis are reviewed in this article. Skin, musculoskeletal, pulmonary, cardiac, gastrointestinal, renal, and oral imaging are discussed. Conventional radiography, computed tomography of the chest, echocardiography, enterography, scintigraphy, and panorex dental imaging are reviewed. In addition, the evolving applications of ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate the musculoskeletal and cardiac features of systemic sclerosis are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA. chapinrw@musc.edu
authors.forename: Russell
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chapin
authors.forename: Faye N
authors.initials: FN
authors.lastname: Hant
mesh_terms: D001175:Arthrography; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D012595:Scleroderma, Systemic / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014463:Ultrasonography