title: Growth and maturation improvement in children on renal replacement therapy over the past 20 years.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The attainment of normal growth and maturation remains a major challenge in the management of children and adolescents requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT).
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared growth and maturation in 384 German children with RRT who were followed between 1998 and 2009 with 732 children who were enrolled in the European Dialysis and Transplant Association (EDTA) Registry from 1985 to 1988; of these children, 78 and 88 %, respectively, were transplanted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The data on the German patients included in the EDTA registry did not differ significantly from those of the patients from other European countries. Overall, the mean height standard deviation score (SDS) has improved over the past 20 years from -3.03 to -1.80 (p < 0.001). Until the age of 6 years, the difference in height SDS was not significant, whereas it improved significantly in adolescence (-3.40 vs. -1.52; p < 0.001). Significant improvements in the delay of the pubertal growth spurt, age at menarche, bone maturation and body mass index (BMI) were noted in the recent German group compared to the EDTA group (each p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings demonstrate a marked improvement of growth and maturation in paediatric patients on RRT during the past 20 years.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Doris
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Franke
authors.forename: Stella
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Winkel
authors.forename: Jutta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gellermann
authors.forename: Uwe
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Querfeld
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pape
authors.forename: Jochen H H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Ehrich
authors.forename: Dieter
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Haffner
authors.forename: Leo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pavičić
authors.forename: Miroslav
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zivičnjak
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D041923:Adolescent Development; D000367:Age Factors; D001827:Body Height; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001846:Bone Development; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006130:Growth Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011627:Puberty; D011628:Puberty, Delayed / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012042:Registries; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects; D017582:Renal Replacement Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult