title: Digital optical phase conjugation for delivering two-dimensional images through turbid media.
abstract: Optical transmission through complex media such as biological tissue is fundamentally limited by multiple light scattering. Precise control of the optical wavefield potentially holds the key to advancing a broad range of light-based techniques and applications for imaging or optical delivery. We present a simple and robust digital optical phase conjugation (DOPC) implementation for suppressing multiple light scattering. Utilizing wavefront shaping via a spatial light modulator (SLM), we demonstrate its turbidity-suppression capability by reconstructing the image of a complex two-dimensional wide-field target through a highly scattering medium. Employing an interferometer with a Sagnac-like ring design, we successfully overcome the challenging alignment and wavefront-matching constraints in DOPC, reflecting the requirement that the forward- and reverse-propagation paths through the turbid medium be identical. By measuring the output response to digital distortion of the SLM write pattern, we validate the sub-wavelength sensitivity of the system.
authors.affiliation: G R Harrison Spectroscopy Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
authors.forename: Timothy R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Hillman
authors.forename: Toyohiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamauchi
authors.forename: Wonshik
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Ramachandra R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Dasari
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Feld
authors.forename: YongKeun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Zahid
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yaqoob
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation; D004867:Equipment Design; D008029:Lighting / Q000379:methods*; D050866:Liquid Crystals; D009391:Nephelometry and Turbidimetry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D055096:Optical Devices; D061848:Optical Imaging; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D015034:Zinc Oxide