title: Rational design of lyophilized high concentration protein formulations-mitigating the challenge of slow reconstitution with multidisciplinary strategies.
abstract: An increasing number of protein therapies require chronic administration at high doses (>200 mg) by subcutaneous (sc) injection. Due to the injection volume limitation (<1.5 mL) associated with sc administration, high protein concentration formulations at or exceeding 100 mg/mL are required to achieve the dose. Development of a high concentration protein formulation can be challenging due to increased aggregation at higher concentration and/or chemical instability, which necessitates the development of lyophilized formulation for high protein concentration drug products. Unique challenges, such as long reconstitution time for a lyophilized high protein concentration drug product, can limit practical usage and commercial marketability of the product. In this paper, a systematic approach is presented to develop a lyophilized high concentration protein formulation. The focus is on achieving reasonable reconstitution times with multidisciplinary strategies. Many strategies have been shown to provide nominal improvement in reconstitution times, such as adding wetting agents in the diluents, incorporating high annealing steps in the lyophilization cycle and reconstituting under vacuum. The reconstitution strategy of reduced diluent volume, however, has enabled significant decrease in reconstitution time (4-7-fold) of lyophilized high protein concentration formulations.
authors.affiliation: Drug Product Development, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA. Electronic address: wcao@amgen.com.
authors.forename: Wenjin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Sampathkumar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Krishnan
authors.forename: Margaret Speed
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Ricci
authors.forename: Liang-Yu
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Shih
authors.forename: Dingjiang
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jian Hua
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Feroz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jameel
mesh_terms: D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D004355:Drug Stability; D005612:Freeze Drying / Q000379:methods; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D014906:Wetting Agents / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D011506:Proteins; D014906:Wetting Agents
keywords: Annealing; BET; Brunauer–Emmett–Teller; Diluent; Fc-fusion protein; Formulation; High concentration; Lyophilized; Reconstitution; SEC; SEM; Scanning Electron Microscopy; Stability; UF/DF; Ultrafiltration/Diafiltration; X-ray powder diffraction; XRPD; mAb; monoclonal antibody; sc; size-exclusion chromatography; subcutaneous