title: Tension adjusted multivectorial static suspension with plantaris tendon in facial paralysis.
abstract: Facial paralysis in the midface causes loss of cheek tonus, asymmetry at rest, and inability to smile. Static suspension is generally performed in patients who cannot tolerate time-consuming dynamic reanimation. Current methods for static slings are overly simplistic. A sling, which is generally fascia lata or palmaris tendon, is placed between the modiolus and the zygomatic arch or the temporalis fascia, with further extension to the midline of the upper end lower lips in 1 vector. Recently, sutures are placed in a multivectorial approach, but suture failure via breakage is the main problem. In this study, the long, thin, and powerful plantaris tendon was used and divided into 3 slips. Placement of these slips and their tension adjustment were revised to provide strong and long-lasting upper lip and the modiolus pull, along with creation of a well-defined nasolabial fold, and to create sufficient cheek tonus. The first slip was positioned at 35 to 45 degrees to the horizontal plane between the modiolus and the upper preauricular area, second slip at 55 to 60 degrees between the upper lip and the deep temporal fascia, and the third slip at 0 to 10 degrees between the lower lip and lower preauricular area with gradually decreasing tension from above to below in 9 patients. Upper 2 slings were also sutured to the dermis of the nasolabial fold to define it optimally. Results were assessed both objectively and subjectively. Symmetry at rest, sufficient cheek tightness to prevent drooling, and a well-defined fold were obtained.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Celal Bayar University Medical School, Manisa, Turkey.
authors.forename: Levent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yoleri
authors.forename: Melike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Güngör
authors.forename: Ayşen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Usluer
authors.forename: Diren
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Celik
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005146:Facial Asymmetry / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D005158:Facial Paralysis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D000071938:Fasciotomy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005528:Foot / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008046:Lip / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009129:Muscle Tonus / Q000502:physiology; D060052:Nasolabial Fold / Q000601:surgery; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D013703:Temporal Muscle / Q000601:surgery; D013710:Tendons / Q000637:transplantation*; D060053:Transplant Donor Site / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome