title: An evidence-based systematic review of kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) by the Natural Standard Research Collaboration.
abstract: An evidence-based systematic review of kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) by the Natural Standard Research Collaboration consolidates the safety and efficacy data available in the scientific literature using a validated, reproducible grading rationale. This article includes written and statistical analysis of clinical trials, plus a compilation of expert opinion, folkloric precedent, history, pharmacology, kinetics/dynamics, interactions, adverse effects, toxicology, and dosing.
authors.affiliation: Natural Standard Research Collaboration, Somerville, MA, USA. ulbricht@naturalstandard.com
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ulbricht
authors.forename: Dawn
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dao
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Isaac
authors.forename: Yvonne C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: LeBlanc
authors.forename: Jenna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rhoades
authors.forename: Regina C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Windsor
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D000996:Antitussive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000009:adverse effects; D020834:Ethnopharmacology; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D041743:Herb-Drug Interactions; D006801:Humans; D032065:Mitragyna / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry*; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D046948:Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000996:Antitussive Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs; D046948:Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids; C001801:mitragynine