title: Soccer ball related posterior segment closed-globe injuries in outdoor amateur players.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study is to report the characteristics, treatment, and anatomical and functional outcomes of outdoor amateur soccer players with soccer ball-related posterior segment ocular trauma.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a retrospective chart review of 22 patients with diagnoses of closed-globe ocular trauma caused by soccer play activity from 2004 through 2008. Injuries were classified according to Ocular Trauma Classification.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients (n=22) were male, and all injuries were caused by contact with the soccer ball itself. Sixteen (72%) patients did not require any treatment. Surgery was performed on 5 (22%) patients. Twenty (91%) patients had 5/200 or better visual acuity (VA) at presentation and 2 (9%) had hand movements or worse VA. At the final visit, all patients had 5/200 or better VA (p<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A soccer ball can cause significant posterior segment trauma, and using eye protection equipment might be an appropriate solution.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Sarıkamış Military Hospital, Kars, Turkey. drgokcengokce@gmail.com
authors.forename: Gökçen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gökçe
authors.forename: Osman Melih
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Ceylan
authors.forename: Fazil Cüneyt
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Erdurman
authors.forename: Ali Hakan
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Durukan
authors.forename: Güngör
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sobacı
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005131:Eye Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012916:Soccer / Q000293:injuries*; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology; D014949:Wounds, Nonpenetrating / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D055815:Young Adult