title: The ethyl acetate fraction of Polytrichum commune L.ex Hedw induced cell apoptosis via reactive oxygen species in L1210 cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Polytrichum commune L.ex Hedw is a traditional Chinese herb for treatment of fever, hemostatic, uterine prolapse and especially for leukemia. Previous studies indicated its anti-leukemia effect but the potential mechanisms have not been fully explained.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study was further to investigate the underlying mechanism of ethyl acetate extract of Polytrichum commune L.ex Hedw (EEF)-induced toxicity and apoptosis in L1210 cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Viability, DNA damage and apoptotic protein expressions of L1210 cells were analyzed by ViaCount, comet assay and western blot, respectively. At different times after EEF treatment, Bax redistribution in L1210 cells was examined using confocal microscopy; loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was monitored by fluorescence microscope using rhodamine 123 staining; Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and DNA fragmentation were measured by flow cytometry using fluorescent dye, DCFH-DA and PI, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  EEF significantly inhibited L1210 cell survival, promoted Bax translocation onto mitochondria, stimulated caspase-9 activation and subsequent DNA damage in L1210 cells. Abundant ROS was detected in L1210 cells after EEF treatment, and the ROS scavenger NAC significantly relieved EEF-induced cell viability decline, MMP loss, and DNA fragmentation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EEF could induce mitochondria-dependent cell apoptosis in L1210 cells, and ROS may play an important role in this action.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoxia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Yaping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Pan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xiaobing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yuetao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Han
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Quanhong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D044002:Bryophyta; D053453:Caspase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D020552:Comet Assay; D004249:DNA Damage; D051379:Mice; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D012997:Solvents; C007650:ethyl acetate; D053453:Caspase 9
keywords: Cell apoptosis; DNA fragment; Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP); Polytrichum commune L.ex Hedw; Reactive oxygen species (ROS)