title: Chondrosarcoma of the hyoid bone: case report and review of current management options.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We describe a 53-year-old man who presented with a painless neck mass and underwent a resection that identified the tumor as a low-grade chondrosarcoma of the hyoid bone. We reviewed the literature for diagnosis and management options of this exceptionally rare diagnosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a search of the published medical literature before September 2012 in MEDLINE and PubMed using the terms "chondrosarcoma" and "hyoid." The search led to 19 case reports. We then searched for recent advances in diagnosis and treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Chondrosarcomas of the hyoid bone present as slow-growing, painless masses of the neck. CT and MRI are useful for imaging, but definitive diagnosis is made by biopsy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The preferred treatment is complete surgical removal, whereas radiation is used as adjuvant therapy. Positive surgical margin is a significant risk factor for recurrence. Long-term follow-up is recommended because of recurrences many years later.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Isabella
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Nicholas G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Zaorsky
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Abraham
authors.forename: Madalina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tuluc
authors.forename: Joseph M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Curry
authors.forename: Voichita
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bar-Ad
mesh_terms: D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D002813:Chondrosarcoma / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D006928:Hyoid Bone / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D035583:Rare Diseases; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
keywords: chondrosarcoma; hyoid bone; radiation therapy; review; surgery