title: Phenol photocatalytic degradation by advanced oxidation process under ultraviolet radiation using titanium dioxide.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The main objective of this study was to examine the photocatalytic degradation of phenol from laboratory samples and petrochemical industries wastewater under UV radiation by using nanoparticles of titanium dioxide coated on the inner and outer quartz glass tubes.
  
  
  METHODS
  The first stage of this study was conducted to stabilize the titanium dioxide nanoparticles in anatase crystal phase, using dip-coating sol-gel method on the inner and outer surfaces of quartz glass tubes. The effect of important parameters including initial phenol concentration, TiO2 catalyst dose, duration of UV radiation, pH of solution, and contact time was investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the dip-coat lining stage, the produced nanoparticles with anatase crystalline structure have the average particle size of 30 nm and are uniformly distributed over the tube surface. The removal efficiency of phenol was increased with the descending of the solution pH and initial phenol concentration and rising of the contact time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results showed that the light easily passes through four layers of coating (about 105 nm). The highest removal efficiency of phenol with photocatalytic UV/TiO2 process was 50% at initial phenol concentration of 30 mg/L, solution pH of 3, and 300 min contact time. The comparison of synthetic solution and petrochemical wastewater showed that at same conditions the phenol removal efficiency was equal.
authors.affiliation: Islamic Azad University, Bandar Abbas Branch, Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nickheslat
authors.forename: Mohammad Mehdi
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Amin
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Izanloo
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fatehizadeh
authors.forename: Seyed Mohammad
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Mousavi
mesh_terms: D005898:Glass; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D019800:Phenol / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D010782:Photolysis; D011791:Quartz; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D019800:Phenol; D011791:Quartz; D014025:Titanium; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C009495:titanium dioxide