title: Anesthetic isoflurane posttreatment attenuates experimental lung injury by inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis.
abstract: We investigated the effect of 1.4% isoflurane (ISO) on the development of inflammation and apoptosis caused by zymosan (ZY) in mice. We found that ZY-challenged mice exhibited significant body weight loss, markedly high mortality, and significant lung injury characterized by the deterioration of histopathology, histologic scores, and wet-to-dry ratio after ISO treatment. ISO dramatically attenuated ZY-induced lung neutrophil recruitment and inflammation, as evidenced by the reduced levels of total cells, neutrophils, and proinflammatory cytokines (i.e., tumor necrosis factor- α , interleukin- (IL-) 1 β , IL-6, and macrophage inflammatory protein-2) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and of their mRNA expression in lung tissues. ISO also inhibited ZY-induced expression and activation of nuclear factor-kappaB p65 and inducible nitric oxide synthase in pulmonary tissue. ZY administration also resulted in the upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 expression and activity in the lung, which was further enhanced by ISO treatment. Moreover, ISO markedly prevented ZY-induced pulmonary cell apoptosis in mice, as reflected by the decrease in expression of procaspase-8, procaspase-3, cleaved caspase-8, and cleaved caspase-3, as well as in caspase-3 activity and Bcl-2-associated X/B-cell lymphoma 2 ratio. These results indicate that ISO is a potential therapeutic drug for treating ZY-induced lung injury, and further investigations are warranted.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Anal-Colorectal Surgery, No. 150 Central Hospital of PLA, Luoyang, Henan 451000, China.
authors.forename: Jun-tang
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Li-feng
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Li-chao
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: Jing-lan
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Mu
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Hui-juan
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ke-lang
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Nan-lin
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Chun-fang
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D015153:Blotting, Western; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007249:Inflammation / Q000235:genetics / Q000517:prevention & control*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D055370:Lung Injury / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D020556:Neutrophil Infiltration / Q000187:drug effects; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D015054:Zymosan / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D015054:Zymosan; D007530:Isoflurane