title: Comparative genotoxicity of airborne particulate matter (PM2.5) using Salmonella, plants and mammalian cells.
abstract: This study compared genotoxicity in bacteria, plants and cell cultures in areas at risk of exposure to airborne pollution. Genotoxicity of moderately polar organic extracts of PM2.5 from areas with urban airborne pollution (Site 1) and urban-industrial pollution (Site 2) was evaluated using microsuspension assays in Salmonella/microsome, micronucleus test with Tradescantia pallida (Trad-MN) with acute exposure, and in V79 (V79-MN) cells, Comet assay in V79 and human lymphocyte, besides Trad-MN in situ at Site 1. In the Salmonella/microsome assay all samples presented frameshift mutagenic activity (-/+S9), most intense at Site 2 (rev/m(3)). The presence of nitro-PAHs and hydroxylamines in PM2.5 was shown by positive mutagenic responses with YG1021 and YG1024. In tests with Trad-MN, no significant genotoxic responses were found (MN %). In V79-MN a genotoxic response was not found. The Comet assay damages were found in the DNA at Site 1 in both cell systems. Non-detection of genotoxicity with Trad-MN at sites or in environmental samples from polluted areas detected using other biomarkers suggests the need for careful evaluation when biomonitoring genotoxic compounds using plants. The microsuspension assay in Salmonella/microsome was sensitive to detect and identify different classes of airborne mutagenic compounds present in fine particulate matter in Porto Alegre city, showing that monitoring air quality with PM2.5 using this methodology is relevant.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pesquisas Ambientais, Fundação Estadual de Proteção Ambiental Henrique Luís Roessler (FEPAM), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. kelly_tagliari@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Kelly Cristina Tagliari
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: de Brito
authors.forename: Clarice Torres
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: de Lemos
authors.forename: Jocelita Aparecida Vaz
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.forename: Ana Cristina
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Mielli
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Matzenbacher
authors.forename: Vera Maria Ferrão
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Vargas
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D001681:Biological Assay; D002460:Cell Line; D002947:Cities; D004249:DNA Damage; D006801:Humans; D007221:Industry; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000633:toxicity*; D010944:Plants / Q000187:drug effects; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000633:toxicity; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012475:Salmonella / Q000187:drug effects; D034823:Tradescantia
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D009153:Mutagens; D052638:Particulate Matter; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons