title: Flavonoid constituents in the leaves of Myrica rubra sieb. et zucc. with anti-inflammatory activity.
abstract: The leaves of Myrica rubra sieb. et zucc. have been used in oriental traditional medicine for the treatment of burns, skin diseases, and as an antidiarrheal in China, Japan, and Korea. Activity guided isolation of the leaves of M. rubra has led to the isolation of five flavonoid: myricetin (1), myricitrin (2), myricetin 3-O-(2″-O-galloyl)-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (3), myricetin 3-O-(2″-O-galloyl)-β-D-galactopyranoside (4), and quercetin 3-O-(2″-O-galloyl)-β-D-galactopyranoside (5). All isolates were evaluated for their antioxidant potency against the superoxide anion (O2 (-)), and compounds 3-5 showed potent scavenging activities with 50 % inhibition concentration (IC50) values compared to the positive control, allopurinol. Compounds 1-5 were evaluated as inhibitors of various macrophage functions involved in the inflammatory process. These five compounds significantly and dose dependently inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated nitric oxide (NO), pro-inflammatory cytokines, and the protein levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Our results suggest that galloyl flavonol glycosides (3-5) isolated from M. rubra might be beneficial for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 156-756, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Han Hyuk
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Dong Hee
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Manh Heun
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Myoeng Hwan
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: So Ra
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kwang Jun
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Min Won
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D031641:Myrica; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D005419:Flavonoids; D010936:Plant Extracts