title: Oxygenation-sensitive cardiovascular magnetic resonance.
abstract: Oxygenation-sensitive cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is a non-contrast technique that allows the non-invasive assessment of myocardial oxygenation. It capitalizes on the fact that deoxygenated hemoglobin in blood can act as an intrinsic contrast agent, changing proton signals in a fashion that can be imaged to reflect the level of blood oxygenation. Increases in O(2) saturation increase the BOLD imaging signal (T2 or T2*), whereas decreases diminish it. This review presents the basic concepts and limitations of the BOLD technique, and summarizes the preclinical and clinical studies in the assessment of myocardial oxygenation with a focus on recent advances. Finally, it provides future directions and a brief look at emerging techniques of this evolving CMR field.
authors.affiliation: Montreal Heart Institute, Departments of Cardiology and Radiology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada. mgwfriedrich@gmail.com
authors.forename: Matthias G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Friedrich
authors.forename: Theodoros D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Karamitsos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008833:Microcirculation; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen