title: Identification of human bocaviruses in the cerebrospinal fluid of children hospitalized with encephalitis in China.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Encephalitis is a major cause of death and disability in adults and children; different members in the family Parvoviridae are known to be associated with encephalitis to some extent.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the presence of human bocaviruses (HBoVs) and corresponding HBoV-specific immunoglobulins (Igs) in cerebrospinal fluid from children with suspected viral encephalitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Employing real-time PCR and nested touchdown PCR, 67 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from children with suspected viral encephalitis were screened for HBoV and routine encephalitis-causing viruses. Using ELISA, Western blot and IFA, HBoV-specific Ig were determined in the samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine samples (134%) were HBoV1 DNA-positive, while one sample (15%) was HBoV2 DNA-positive. HBoV-specific IgM and IgG antibodies were detected in the CSF samples from three children; two samples were HBoV1 DNA-positive and one sample was negative. One death was recorded; CSF from this child was the only HBoV-IgM-positive CSF samples among the 67 CSF tested.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We screened CSF samples obtained from children with encephalitis for the presence of HBoV1 and HBoV2 and specific IgM- or IgG-responses. Detection of viral DNA and/or immunological response to HBoV1/HBoV2 highlights the significance of these viruses as causes of encephalitis in children. Further studies are needed to examine the role of HBoV infection in children encephalitis.
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 100052, China.
authors.forename: Jie-mei
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Qian-qian
authors.initials: QQ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ye-xia
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.forename: Tian
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Sai-zhen
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Xiao-bing
authors.initials: XB
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zhao-jun
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Duan
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002673:Child, Hospitalized; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D018792:Encephalitis, Viral / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D005260:Female; D056661:Human bocavirus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000276:immunology; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000276:immunology; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M