title: Glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms (GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1) and their susceptibility to renal cell carcinoma: an evidence-based meta-analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The association of the three Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) polymorphisms (GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1) genotypes with their individual susceptibilities to renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has not been well established. We performed a quantitative meta-analysis to assess the possible associations between the GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 genotypes and their individual susceptibilities to renal cell carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  We systematically searched the PubMed, CNKI and Embase databases to identify the relevant studies. Finally, 11 eligible studies were selected. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the association between the GSTs polymorphisms and the risk of RCC. Multiple subgroup analyses and quality assessment of the included studies were performed based on the available information.
  
  
  RESULTS
  None of the GSTs polymorphisms had a significant association with the RCC risk. Similar results were found in the subgroup analyses, except for the GSTs polymorphisms in the situations described below. The GSTM1 and GSTT1 active genotypes in subjects exposed to pesticides (GSTM1: OR = 3.44; 95% CI, 2.04-5.80; GSTT1: OR = 2.84; 95% CI, 1.75-4.60), most of the GSTs genotypes in Asian populations (GSTT1: OR = 2.39, 95% CI = 1.63-3.51; GSTP1: Dominant model: OR = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.14-1.99; Additive model: OR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.12-1.73; AG vs. AA: OR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.10-1.97; GG vs. AA: OR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.07-3.09) and the dual null genotype of GSTT1-GSTP1 (OR = 2.84, 95% CI = 1.75-4.60) showed positive associations with the RCC risk.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our present study provides evidence that the GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 polymorphisms are not associated with the development of RCC. However, more case-control studies are needed for further confirmation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Xingliang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Shuyu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Long
authors.forename: Jianping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Tianxing
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Zhihua
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hao
mesh_terms: D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D005838:Genotype; D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi / Q000235:genetics*; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D012306:Risk
chemical_list: D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; C413545:glutathione S-transferase T1; C496556:GSTP1 protein, human