title: Barriers and facilitators of cervical cancer screening among women of Hmong origin.
abstract: This qualitative study explored the barriers and facilitators of cancer screening among women of Hmong origin. Using a community-based participatory research approach, we conducted focus groups (n=44) with Hmong women who represented four distinct demographic groups among the Hmong community. The participants described sociocultural barriers to screening, which included a lack of accurate knowledge about the causes of cervical cancer, language barriers, stigma, fear, lack of time, and embarrassment. Structural barriers included attitudes and practices of health care providers, lack of insurance, and negative perceptions of services at clinics for the uninsured. Health care providers may require additional training and increased time per visit to provide culturally sensitive care for refugee groups such as the Hmong. Health-related social marketing efforts aimed at improving health literacy may also help to reduce health inequities related to cancer screening among the Hmong.
authors.affiliation: Hmong Women’s Heritage Association, Sacramento California, USA.
authors.forename: Dao Moua
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Dian L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Baker
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People / Q000523:psychology*; D055812:Community-Based Participatory Research; D003469:Culture; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer / Q000379:methods*; D005239:Fear; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D006266:Health Education / Q000458:organization & administration; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice / Q000208:ethnology; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008518:Medicine, East Asian Traditional; D008875:Middle Aged; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000208:ethnology; D057545:Social Stigma; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology*; D055815:Young Adult