title: Salivary surrogates of plasma nitrite and catecholamines during a 21-week training season in swimmers.
abstract: The collection of samples of saliva is noninvasive and straightforward, which turns saliva into an ideal fluid for monitoring the adaptive response to training. Here, we investigated the response of the salivary proteins alpha-amylase (sAA), chromogranin A (sCgA), and the concentration of total protein (sTP) as well as salivary nitrite (sNO2) in relation to plasma catecholamines and plasma nitrite (pNO2), respectively. The variation in these markers was compared to the intensity and load of training during a 21-week training season in 12 elite swimmers. Overall, the salivary proteins tracked the concentration of plasma adrenaline and were inversely correlated with the training outcomes. No correlations were observed between sNO2 and pNO2. However, sNO2 correlated positively with the intensity and load of training. We argue that the decrease in sympathetic activity is responsible for the decrease in the concentration of proteins throughout the training season. Furthermore, the increase in nitrite is likely to reflect changes in hemodynamics and regulation of vascular tone. The association of the salivary markers with the training outcomes underlines their potential as noninvasive markers of training status in professional athletes.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Miguel Mauricio
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Díaz Gómez
authors.forename: Olga Lucia
authors.initials: OL
authors.lastname: Bocanegra Jaramillo
authors.forename: Renata Roland
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.forename: Foued Salmen
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Espindola
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D056352:Athletes; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000097:blood*; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009573:Nitrites / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism; D055291:Salivary alpha-Amylases / Q000378:metabolism*; D012621:Seasons; D013550:Swimming / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002395:Catecholamines; D009573:Nitrites; D055291:Salivary alpha-Amylases