title: Measuring the reliability of sagittal facial anthropometric measurements under soft tissue displacement using a modified ruler.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Despite the current use of radiography for quantifying sagittal skeletal measurements, it is an unsuitable way for screening or epidemiologic purposes. Although not fully approved, anthropometric measurements have been suggested as a substitute, and considering displacement of soft tissues, could possibly lead to more consistent results. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability of anthropometric anteroposterior facial measurements under soft tissue compression using a special ruler.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anthropometric measurements were done with a specifically designed sliding ruler twice on 36 adult patients with a 14 day lag between two measurements. The ruler measured the distance between the external acoustic meatus and the nasion (Na), subnasal (Sn) point and the soft tissue pogonion (Pog). The soft tissue was displaced during measurements only to the extent that the underlying hard tissue resistance was felt subjectively by each assessor. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated for both inter- and intra- rater measurements using SPSS software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All measurements had inter- and intrarater agreements above 0.9, with only a few parameters having lower bound confidence intervals below 0.9, but more than 0.8.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sagittal facial anthropometric measurements under soft tissue displacement using the specific ruler are valid and reliable and could possibly aid orthodontists in chairside craniofacial assessments.
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute and Department of Orthodontics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Faramarz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mojtahedzadeh
authors.forename: Saeed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Alizadeh
authors.forename: Bahareh
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Riazi
authors.forename: Ahmad Reza
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Shamshiri
keywords: Anatomy; Anthropometry; Face; Reproducibility of Measurements