title: The association of recreational space with youth smoking in low-socioeconomic status neighborhoods in Santiago, Chile.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examines the relationship of neighborhood recreational space with youth smoking in mid- to low-income areas in the capital of Chile, Santiago.
  
  
  METHODS
  A unique data set of adolescents (n = 779, mean age = 14, 51 % male) provided home addresses of study participants which were geocoded and mapped. Satellite maps of neighborhoods were used to identify open spaces for recreational use (e.g., soccer fields and plazas). Thiessen polygons were generated to associate study participants with the nearest available open space using ArcGIS. Regression models, with smoking as a dependent variable, were estimated in which age, sex, family socioeconomic status, peer substance usage, neighborhood crime, and accessibility of open space were covariates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results show that residential proximity to recreational space was significantly and inversely associated with tobacco consumption among female, but not male, adolescents. Age and neighborhood crime were both positively associated with tobacco consumption among both male and female adolescents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that recreational spaces in proximity to residences may have a positive impact on reducing adolescents' inclination to consume tobacco. The relationship of the accessibility to such spaces with smoking appears to vary by adolescents' sex.
authors.affiliation: University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, elsalee@umich.edu.
authors.forename: Wonhyung
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grogan-Kaylor
authors.forename: Guillermo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sanhueza
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Andrade
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Delva
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D002677:Chile / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D040362:Geographic Information Systems; D062306:Geography, Medical; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011204:Poverty Areas; D011998:Recreation; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012923:Social Class; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014505:Urban Population