title: Ocular manifestations of autism in ophthalmology.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To highlight the ocular manifestations of autism spectrum disorders in a retrospective chart review of the Greater Baltimore Medical Center (GBMC) among children in the pediatric ophthalmology practice setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective chart review. Forty-four patients diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) between January 2007 and October 2011 were examined by an orthoptist, orthoptic student, and a pediatric ophthalmologist.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-two percent of patients with ASD at GBMC were found to have an ocular abnormality, with 41% having strabismus, 27% with significant refractive error, 7% with anisometropia, and 11% with amblyopia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of strabismus, amblyopia, and anisometropia were found to be higher among patients with ASD seen at the GBMC pediatric ophthalmology practice than in the general population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Kelsey
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Black
authors.forename: Cheryl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: McCarus
authors.forename: Mary Louise Z
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.forename: Allison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jensen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008396:Maryland / Q000453:epidemiology; D009988:Orthoptics / Q000379:methods; D015995:Prevalence; D012030:Refractive Errors / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013285:Strabismus / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D055815:Young Adult