title: Dietary flavonoid intake, black tea consumption, and risk of overall and advanced stage prostate cancer.
abstract: Flavonoids are natural antioxidants found in various foods, and a major source is black tea. Some experimental evidence indicates that flavonoids could prevent prostate cancer. We investigated the associations between flavonoid intake, black tea consumption, and prostate cancer risk in the Netherlands Cohort study, which includes 58,279 men who provided detailed baseline information on several cancer risk factors. From 1986 to 2003, 3,362 prostate cancers were identified, including 1,164 advanced (stage III/IV) cancers. Cox proportional hazards regression using the case-cohort approach was used to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Intake of total catechin, epicatechin, kaempferol, and myricetin and consumption of black tea were associated with a decreased risk of stage III/IV or stage IV prostate cancer. Hazard ratios of stage III/IV and stage IV prostate cancer for the highest versus the lowest category of black tea consumption (≥5 versus ≤1 cups/day) were 0.75 (95% confidence interval: 0.59, 0.97) and 0.67 (95% confidence interval: 0.50, 0.91), respectively. No associations were observed for overall and nonadvanced prostate cancer. In conclusion, dietary flavonoid intake and black tea consumption were associated with a decreased risk of advanced stage prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology,Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands. milan.geybels@maastrichtuniversity.nl
authors.forename: Milan S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Geybels
authors.forename: Bas A J
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Verhage
authors.forename: Ilja C W
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Arts
authors.forename: Frederik J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: van Schooten
authors.forename: R Alexandra
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Goldbohm
authors.forename: Piet A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: van den Brandt
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002392:Catechin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004032:Diet; D015444:Exercise; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D044949:Kaempferols / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009426:Netherlands; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000187:drug effects; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013662:Tea
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005419:Flavonoids; D044949:Kaempferols; D013662:Tea; C006552:kaempferol; C040015:myricetin; D002392:Catechin; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen
keywords: advanced prostate cancer; black tea; catechins; flavonoids; flavonols; prostate cancer