title: Personalized management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes: reflections from a Diabetes Care Editors' Expert Forum.
abstract: In June 2012, 13 thought leaders convened in a Diabetes Care Editors' Expert Forum to discuss the concept of personalized medicine in the wake of a recently published American Diabetes Association/European Association for the Study of Diabetes position statement calling for a patient-centered approach to hyperglycemia management in type 2 diabetes. This article, an outgrowth of that forum, offers a clinical translation of the underlying issues that need to be considered for effectively personalizing diabetes care. The medical management of type 2 diabetes has become increasingly complex, and its complications remain a great burden to individual patients and the larger society. The burgeoning armamentarium of pharmacological agents for hyperglycemia management should aid clinicians in providing early treatment to delay or prevent these complications. However, trial evidence is limited for the optimal use of these agents, especially in dual or triple combinations. In the distant future, genotyping and testing for metabolomic markers may help us to better phenotype patients and predict their responses to antihyperglycemic drugs. For now, a personalized ("n of 1") approach in which drugs are tested in a trial-and-error manner in each patient may be the most practical strategy for achieving therapeutic targets. Patient-centered care and standardized algorithmic management are conflicting approaches, but they can be made more compatible by recognizing instances in which personalized A1C targets are warranted and clinical circumstances that may call for comanagement by primary care and specialty clinicians.
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Itamar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Raz
authors.forename: Matthew C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Riddle
authors.forename: Julio
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rosenstock
authors.forename: John B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Buse
authors.forename: Silvio E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Inzucchi
authors.forename: Philip D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Home
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Del Prato
authors.forename: Ele
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ferrannini
authors.forename: Juliana C N
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Lawrence A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Leiter
authors.forename: Derek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Leroith
authors.forename: Ralph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Defronzo
authors.forename: William T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Cefalu
mesh_terms: D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia; D018802:Patient-Centered Care; D057285:Precision Medicine