title: Laparoendoscopic single-site surgery with the second-generation single port instrument delivery extended reach surgical system in a porcine model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe our initial experience with the second-generation Single Port Instrument Delivery Extended Reach (SPIDER) laparoendoscopic single-site surgical system in a porcine model.
  
  
  METHODS
  In four swine weighing approximately 32 to 35 kg, five nephrectomies, four adrenalectomies, three pyeloplasties, and three partial cystectomies and closures were performed by a single surgeon. The swine were placed in the lateral flank position under general anesthesia. The SPIDER surgical system was introduced through a single incision and the various urological procures were performed by use of flexible instrumentation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All five nephrectomies, four adrenalectomies, three pyeloplasties, and three partial cystectomies and closures were performed successfully without additional skin incisions. The mean time to set up the SPIDER platform was 3.5 minutes. The mean operative time for the right and left nephrectomies was 45.4 minutes and 47.8 minutes, respectively. The mean operative time for the right and left adrenalectomies was 37.6 minutes and 35.4 minutes, respectively. The mean operative time for the pyeloplasties for one right and two left ureters was 45.6 minutes and 47.3 minutes, respectively. The mean operative time for the partial cystectomies and closures was 18.6 minutes. There were no noticeable intraoperative complications except for minimal urine leakage in the first pyeloplasty.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this initial pilot evaluation, the second-generation SPIDER surgical system offered intuitive instrument maneuverability and restored triangulation. However, retraction was challenging because of the lack of strength and the limited ability for precise manipulation of the tip. Future refinements of the technology and prospective studies are needed to optimize the application of this technology in urology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Dong-A Medical Center, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Soo Dong
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jaime
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Landman
authors.forename: Gyung Tak
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Sung
keywords: Laparoscopy; Robotics; Urologic surgical procedures