title: Efficacy of 3 toothbrush treatments on plaque removal in orthodontic patients assessed with digital plaque imaging: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Good oral hygiene is a challenge for orthodontic patients because food readily becomes trapped around the brackets and under the archwires, and appliances are an obstruction to mechanical brushing. The purpose of this study was to compare plaque removal efficacy of 3 toothbrush treatments in orthodontic subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a replicate-use, single-brushing, 3-treatment, examiner-blind, randomized, 6-period crossover study with washout periods of approximately 24 hours between visits. Forty-six adolescent and young adult patients with fixed orthodontics from a university clinic in Germany were randomized, based on computer-generated randomization, to 1 of 3 treatments: (1) oscillating-rotating electric toothbrush with a specially designed orthodontic brush head (Oral-B Triumph, OD17; Procter & Gamble, Cincinnati, Ohio); (2) the same electric toothbrush handle with a regular brush head (EB25; Procter & Gamble); and (3) a regular manual toothbrush (American Dental Association, Chicago, Ill). The primary outcome was the plaque score change from baseline, which we determined using digital plaque image analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-five subjects completed the study. The differences in mean plaque removal (95% confidence interval) between the electric toothbrush with an orthodontic brush head (6% [4.4%-7.6%]) or a regular brush head (3.8% [2.2%-5.3%]) and the manual toothbrush were significant (P <0.001). Plaque removal with the electric toothbrush with the orthodontic brush head was superior (2.2%; P = 0.007) to the regular brush head. No adverse events were seen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The electric toothbrush, with either brush head, demonstrated significantly greater plaque removal over the manual brush. The orthodontic brush head was superior to the regular head.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Erbe
authors.forename: Malgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Klukowska
authors.forename: Iris
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tsaknaki
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Timm
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Grender
authors.forename: Heinrich
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wehrbein
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000628:therapy*; D055615:Electrical Equipment and Supplies; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D019793:Fluorescein; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D009967:Orthodontic Appliances; D023861:Photography, Dental / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D014099:Toothbrushing / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D019793:Fluorescein