title: Synovial membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cells supported by platelet-rich plasma can repair osteochondral defects in a rabbit model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine the in vivo effectiveness of synovial membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cell (SDSC)-encapsulated injectable platelet-rich plasma (PRP) gel in the repair of damaged articular cartilage in the rabbit.
  
  
  METHODS
  An osteochondral defect was created in the trochlear groove of the rabbit femur, and the defects were divided into 3 treatment groups: untreated control group, PRP group, and PRP-SDSC group. After 4, 12, and 24 weeks, the tissue specimens were assessed by macroscopic examination and histologic evaluation and stained immunohistochemically for type II collagen and proliferating cell nuclear antigen. In addition, total glycosaminoglycan content was determined at 24 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rabbit PRP contained a high concentration of platelets and high concentration of growth factors compared with those in whole blood. Twenty-four weeks after transplantation, there was fibrous tissue in the control group. In both the PRP group and the PRP-SDSC group, the defects were repaired with hyaline cartilage and exhibited significantly higher safranin O staining, type II collagen immunostaining, glycosaminoglycan content, cumulative histologic scores, and number of proliferating cell nuclear antigen-positive cells. However, incomplete bone regeneration and irregular cartilage surface integration were observed in the PRP group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that SDSC-embedded PRP gel could successfully resurface the defect with cartilage and restore the subchondral bone in the rabbit model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study indicates that in an animal model, the application of PRP and SDSC in combination for the treatment of local cartilage defects appears promising; however, PRP-SDSC products might be more or less appropriate to treat different types of tissues and pathologies. The clinical efficacy of PRP remains under debate. Therefore further research is needed at both the basic science and clinical levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Chul
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hyun Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Min
authors.forename: Hee Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Sahnghoon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sang Cheol
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Seong
authors.forename: Myung Chul
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001861:Bone Regeneration; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000293:injuries* / Q000502:physiology; D024043:Collagen Type II / Q000032:analysis; D005269:Femur; D005782:Gels; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000032:analysis; D051457:Hyaline Cartilage; D008297:Male; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D023421:Models, Animal; D057071:Patellofemoral Joint / Q000293:injuries; D053657:Platelet-Rich Plasma; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D011817:Rabbits; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000166:cytology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D024043:Collagen Type II; D005782:Gels; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; C020341:glucosaminoglycans