title: A psychological perspective on male rejuvenation.
abstract: Male rejuvenation, defined as a process in men to both limit the impact of aging on body image and experience greater virility, is growing among middle-aged and older men. While rejuvenation was primarily in the domain of the younger male athlete with the use of performance enhancing hormones or in the aging woman through the use of cosmetic surgery, it is now more common among middle-aged and older men. Male rejuvenation can occur both through aesthetic surgical means and hormonal manipulation through anabolic steroid use. In this article, the authors review the psychological issues and perceptions surrounding male aesthetic surgeries and the resulting alteration of perception by peers and family; highlight the motives and desires behind the use of anabolic hormones at often supra-physiologic levels, and the intent to improve body image; and clarify the needs that remain to be examined in future research in this field.
authors.affiliation: Men's Health Center, The Miriam Hospital, Family Medicine and Urology, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA. Martin_Miner@brown.edu
authors.forename: Martin M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Miner
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Perelman
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000523:psychology*; D045930:Anabolic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000728:Androgens / Q000627:therapeutic use; D057215:Body Dysmorphic Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D001828:Body Image / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy / Q000523:psychology; D006728:Hormones / Q000172:deficiency / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D012060:Rejuvenation / Q000523:psychology*; D012651:Self Medication; D013521:Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male / Q000523:psychology
chemical_list: D045930:Anabolic Agents; D000728:Androgens; D006728:Hormones; D013287:Illicit Drugs