title: Long-term outcomes of a cell phone-delivered intervention for smokers living with HIV/AIDS.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  People living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS (PLWHA) have a substantially higher prevalence of cigarette smoking compared to the general population. In addition, PLWHA are particularly susceptible to the adverse health effects of smoking. Our primary objective was to design and test the efficacy over 12 months of a smoking cessation intervention targeting PLWHA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were enrolled from an urban HIV clinic with a multiethnic and economically disadvantaged patient population. Participants received smoking cessation treatment either through usual care (UC) or counseling delivered by a cell phone intervention (CPI). The 7-day point prevalence abstinence was evaluated at 3, 6, and 12 months using logistic regression and generalized linear mixed models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We randomized 474 HIV-positive smokers to either the UC or CPI group. When evaluating the overall treatment effect (7-day abstinence outcomes from 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-ups), participants in the CPI group were 2.41 times (P = .049) more likely to demonstrate abstinence compared to the UC group. The treatment effect was strongest at the 3-month follow-up (odds ratio = 4.3, P < .001), but diminished at 6 and 12 months (P > .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cell phone-delivered smoking cessation treatment has a positive impact on abstinence rates compared to a usual care approach. Future research should focus on strategies for sustaining the treatment effect in the long term.
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030-1439, USA. egritz@mdanderson.org
authors.forename: Ellen R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Gritz
authors.forename: Heather E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Danysh
authors.forename: Faith E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Fletcher
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tami-Maury
authors.forename: Michelle Cororve
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Fingeret
authors.forename: Rachel Marks
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: Roberto C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Arduino
authors.forename: Damon J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Vidrine
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology; D000328:Adult; D001521:Behavior Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D040421:Cell Phone; D003376:Counseling / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods*; D017216:Telemedicine / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014505:Urban Population
keywords: HIV/AIDS; cell phone intervention; smoking cessation