title: Oscillations and the basal ganglia: motor control and beyond.
abstract: Oscillations form a ubiquitous feature of the central nervous system. Evidence is accruing from cortical and sub-cortical recordings that these rhythms may be functionally important, although the precise details of their roles remain unclear. The basal ganglia share this predilection for rhythmic activity which, as we see in Parkinson's disease, becomes further enhanced in the dopamine depleted state. While certain cortical rhythms appear to penetrate the basal ganglia, others are transformed or blocked. Here, we discuss the functional association of oscillations in the basal ganglia and their relationship with cortical activity. We further explore the neural underpinnings of such oscillatory activity, including the important balance to be struck between facilitating information transmission and limiting information coding capacity. Finally, we introduce the notion that synchronised oscillatory activity can be broadly categorised as immutability promoting rhythms that reinforce incumbent processes, and mutability promoting rhythms that favour novel processing.
authors.affiliation: Experimental Neurology Group, Charles Wolfson Clinical Research Facility, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
authors.forename: John-Stuart
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Brittain
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brown
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000502:physiology*; D058256:Brain Waves / Q000502:physiology*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D004298:Dopamine / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000502:physiology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D004298:Dopamine
keywords: Basal ganglia; Cross-frequency; Deep brain stimulation; Immutable; Information theory; Parkinson's disease