title: Investigation of the role of transporters on the hepatic elimination of an LAT1 selective inhibitor JPH203.
abstract: JPH203 has been developed as an anticancer drug that inhibits L-type amino acid transporter 1-mediated essential amino acid uptake into tumor cells. This study sought to elucidate which drug transporters may be involved in JPH203 hepatic elimination, and to estimate human hepatic clearance. In Sprague-Dawley rats, JPH203 total body clearance approached blood flow rate. JPH203 biotransformation via phase II metabolism produces N-acetyl-JPH203 (NAc-JPH203). NAc-JPH203 accumulates in the bile, and NAc-JPH203 canalicular efflux was significantly decreased in Mrp2-deficient mutant rats (Eisai hyperbilirubinemic rats). JPH203 and NAc-JPH203 are organic anion transporters [organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP)1B1, OATP1B3, OATP2B1, and OAT3] substrates. In human cryopreserved hepatocytes, JPH203 uptake was saturable and inhibited by rifampicin, a prototypical OATP inhibitor. JPH203 metabolic clearance was larger than influx clearance and eventually passive clearance; JPH203 uptake appears to be the rate-determining process in overall hepatic elimination. Furthermore, unlike rats, the human hepatic clearance was predicted to be intrinsic clearance rate limited. These results suggest that the hepatic uptake transporters are determinant factors to determine JPH203 systemic exposure.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Toyoshima
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kusuhara
authors.forename: Michael F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Wempe
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Endou
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sugiyama
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001583:Benzoxazoles / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001646:Bile / Q000378:metabolism; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D027283:Large Neutral Amino Acid-Transporter 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: C548172:2-amino-3-(4-((5-amino-2-phenylbenzo(d)oxazol-7-yl)methoxy)-3,5-dichlorophenyl)propanoic acid; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001583:Benzoxazoles; D027283:Large Neutral Amino Acid-Transporter 1; D014443:Tyrosine
keywords: ADME; biliary excretion; bioavailability; cancer chemotherapy; hepatocytes; transporters