title: Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis.
abstract: Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis is a rare auto-inflammatory condition that primarily affects children and adolescents. It presents with recurrent episodes of pain related to the presence of foci of sterile bone inflammation. The long bones of the lower extremities are more frequently affected and the spine can also be involved. Imaging studies, including whole-body magnetic resonance, are important for diagnosis and detection of asymptomatic lesions. Bone biopsies may be necessary to exclude other diseases, including malignancy and infections. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs cause relief of symptoms in the majority of cases. Bisphosphonates and TNF-α blockers are alternatives for patients who do not respond or who have spinal involvement.
authors.affiliation: The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. pcr.patricia@gmail.com
authors.forename: Patrícia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Costa-Reis
authors.forename: Kathleen E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Sullivan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015551:Autoimmunity; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000276:immunology*; D002648:Child; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010019:Osteomyelitis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D012008:Recurrence; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D004164:Diphosphonates; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha