title: Analysis of finite dose dermal absorption data: implications for dermal exposure assessment.
abstract: A common dermal exposure assessment strategy estimates the systemic uptake of chemical in contact with skin using the fixed fractional absorption approach: the dermal absorbed dose is estimated as the product of exposure and the fraction of applied chemical that is absorbed, assumed constant for a given chemical. Despite the prominence of this approach there is little guidance regarding the evaluation of experiments from which fractional absorption data are measured. An analysis of these experiments is presented herein, and limitations to the fixed fractional absorption approach are discussed. The analysis provides a set of simple algebraic expressions that may be used in the evaluation of finite dose dermal absorption experiments, affording a more data-driven approach to dermal exposure assessment. Case studies are presented that demonstrate the application of these tools to the assessment of dermal absorption data.
authors.affiliation: Health Effects Laboratory, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA.
authors.forename: H Frederick
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Frasch
authors.affiliation: Education and Information Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
authors.forename: G Scott
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Dotson
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA.
authors.forename: Annette L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Bunge
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Safety and Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chen-Peng
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Occupational Medicine, Edinburgh, UK.
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Cherrie
authors.affiliation: Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Gerald B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Kasting
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Kissel
authors.affiliation: ChemRisk, Boulder, CO, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sahmel
authors.affiliation: Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Division of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
authors.forename: Sean
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Semple
authors.affiliation: Medical Toxicology Centre, Institute for Cellular Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wilkinson
mesh_terms: D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D012869:Skin Absorption / Q000502:physiology*; D014116:Toxicology