title: A 14-year experience with aortic endograft infection: management and results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The management of thoracic and abdominal aortic endograft infection is complex and associated with high mortality. Cases are rare: a recent systematic review identified 117 reported cases; the largest reported series comprises 12 infected endografts.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report 22 consecutive patients with infected abdominal or thoracic aortic endovascular devices implanted from 1998 to 2012. Management included extension with new devices, aneurysm sac drainage of pus/irrigation with antibiotics, endograft explantation, and axillo-(bi)femoral reconstruction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-two patients (16 men) were identified. Median age was 71 years (range, 43-88 years). Index devices were infra-renal endovascular repair (n = 13), and thoracic endovascular repair (n = 9) all for aneurysmal or pseudoaneurysmal disease. Seven (32%) had prior aortic surgery. Follow-up was complete in all cases; in survivors follow-up was a median of 29 (range, 12-45) months. The mortality from explantation of ten infra-renal devices was 1/10 (10%) on-table and a further 2/10 (20%) within 30 days. Device retention led to disease progression and death in all patients with infected endografts. Sac drainage/irrigation provided only temporary control of sepsis. Device extension can treat rupture, but additional devices became infected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Abdominal endograft explantation is high risk but may be curative. Appropriate selection of patients for infected endograft explantation remains a major challenge.
authors.affiliation: Vascular Surgery Unit, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, King's Health Partners, London, United Kingdom. oliver.lyons@kcl.ac.uk
authors.forename: O T A
authors.initials: OT
authors.lastname: Lyons
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Saha
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Clough
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Taylor
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017544:Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal / Q000601:surgery*; D017545:Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic / Q000601:surgery*; D001807:Blood Vessel Prosthesis; D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation; D020878:Device Removal; D018450:Disease Progression; D004322:Drainage; D057510:Endovascular Procedures; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018579:Patient Selection; D016459:Prosthesis-Related Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000935:Antifungal Agents
keywords: Endograft infection; Explantation; Reconstruction