title: A novel pharmacokinetic approach to predict virologic failure in HIV-1-infected paediatric patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to develop in children an HIV dynamic model able to predict simultaneously the viral load and CD4 lymphocyte evolutions, and to take into account, through a composite inhibition score, the relative contribution of each drug of the combination efavirenz-didanosine-lamivudine and use this score as a predictor of treatment failure in a multidrug therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Open phase II trial (BURKINAME - ANRS 12103) registered in the ClinicalTrials.gov database (http://clinicaltrials.gov) with the no. NCT00122538.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-nine children aged from 2.5 to 15 years were administered once-daily dose of lamivudine, didanosine and efavirenz. The three drugs effect was then characterized by a composite inhibition score combining the effect of each drug, according to their site and mechanism of action and their relative contribution.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Efavirenz was the most potent antiretroviral and was responsible for 65% of the total effect, and then didanosine for 23% and lamivudine was the less potent with 12% of the total observed effect. An EC90 for efavirenz was determined (3.3 mg/l). AUC90 was estimated for lamivudine and didanosine: 8.4 and 1.5 mg h/l, respectively. The composite inhibition score was the best predictor of virologic failure compared with the concentrations of each drug taken independently [hazard ratio (HR) 0.6 per 10% increase, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.41-0.88].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The relative contributions of three combined drugs were assessed on plasma viral load and CD4 lymphocyte count kinetics in HIV-1-infected children. Pharmacokinetics targets have been suggested for lamivudine and didanosine. A composite inhibition score has been determined to be a high predictor of treatment failure in a multidrug therapy.
authors.affiliation: Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris, France. naim.bouazza@cch.aphp.fr
authors.forename: Naïm
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bouazza
authors.forename: Jean-Marc
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Tréluyer
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Msellati
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Van de Perre
authors.forename: Serge
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Diagbouga
authors.forename: Boubacar
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nacro
authors.forename: Hervé
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hien
authors.forename: Emmanuelle
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zoure
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rouet
authors.forename: Adama
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ouiminga
authors.forename: Stephane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Blanche
authors.forename: Déborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hirt
authors.forename: Saik
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Urien
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000480:Alkynes; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D048588:Benzoxazines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D016049:Didanosine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D019259:Lamivudine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D017211:Treatment Failure; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D000480:Alkynes; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D048588:Benzoxazines; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D019259:Lamivudine; C098320:efavirenz; D016049:Didanosine