title: Invited commentary.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. marshall.jacobs@comcast.net
authors.forename: Marshall L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Jacobs
mesh_terms: D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000601:surgery*; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006345:Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular / Q000601:surgery*; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*