title: Functional characterization of fission yeast transcription factors by overexpression analysis.
abstract: In Schizosaccharomyces pombe, over 90% of transcription factor genes are nonessential. Moreover, the majority do not exhibit significant growth defects under optimal conditions when deleted, complicating their functional characterization and target gene identification. Here, we systematically overexpressed 99 transcription factor genes with the nmt1 promoter and found that 64 transcription factor genes exhibited reduced fitness when ectopically expressed. Cell cycle defects were also often observed. We further investigated three uncharacterized transcription factor genes (toe1(+)-toe3(+)) that displayed cell elongation when overexpressed. Ectopic expression of toe1(+) resulted in a G1 delay while toe2(+) and toe3(+) overexpression produced an accumulation of septated cells with abnormalities in septum formation and nuclear segregation, respectively. Transcriptome profiling and ChIP-chip analysis of the transcription factor overexpression strains indicated that Toe1 activates target genes of the pyrimidine-salvage pathway, while Toe3 regulates target genes involved in polyamine synthesis. We also found that ectopic expression of the putative target genes SPBC3H7.05c, and dad5(+) and SPAC11D3.06 could recapitulate the cell cycle phenotypes of toe2(+) and toe3(+) overexpression, respectively. Furthermore, single deletions of the putative target genes urg2(+) and SPAC1399.04c, and SPBC3H7.05c, SPACUNK4.15, and rds1(+), could suppress the phenotypes of toe1(+) and toe2(+) overexpression, respectively. This study implicates new transcription factors and metabolism genes in cell cycle regulation and demonstrates the potential of systematic overexpression analysis to elucidate the function and target genes of transcription factors in S. pombe.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Biocomplexity and Informatics and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
authors.forename: Lianne
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vachon
authors.forename: Justin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: Eun-Joo Gina
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Laderoute
authors.forename: Kate
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chatfield-Reed
authors.forename: Jim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Karagiannis
authors.forename: Gordon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chua
mesh_terms: D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000235:genetics; D059585:G1 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints; D005800:Genes, Fungal; D056084:Genetic Fitness; D012568:Schizosaccharomyces / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D029702:Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D059467:Transcriptome
chemical_list: D029702:Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors
keywords: Schizosaccharomyces pombe; cell cycle; fission yeast; microarray; overexpression; transcription factor