title: Reduction in the urinary aflatoxin M1 biomarker as an early indicator of the efficacy of dietary interventions to reduce exposure to aflatoxins.
abstract: Aflatoxin B1 is a persistent public health issue in Ghana. Assessment of AFB1 intervention efficacy is currently dependent on long-term biomarkers. This study was designed to determine whether daily AFM1 biomarker levels could be utilized as an early detection method for intervention efficacy. Participants were treated with a refined calcium montmorillonite clay (UPSN) or a placebo (calcium carbonate) in a crossover study. Urine samples were assessed for AFM1 levels daily. UPSN treatment reduced AFM1 biomarkers by 55% compared to the placebo. This is the first study to show that daily urinary AFM1 levels can be used as a biomarker of internal aflatoxin B1 exposure in short-term intervention trials to determine efficacy.
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4458, USA.
authors.forename: Nicole J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: Justice
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kumi
authors.forename: Natalie M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Eunice
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dotse
authors.forename: Alicia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marroquin-Cardona
authors.forename: Jia-Sheng
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Pauline E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Jolly
authors.forename: Nii-Ayi
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Ankrah
authors.forename: Timothy D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Phillips
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000328:Adult; D016604:Aflatoxin B1 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D016607:Aflatoxin M1 / Q000652:urine*; D000368:Aged; D000931:Antidotes / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D001546:Bentonite / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005260:Female; D005506:Food Contamination; D005526:Food, Formulated; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013649:Taste; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000931:Antidotes; D015415:Biomarkers; D001546:Bentonite; D016607:Aflatoxin M1; D016604:Aflatoxin B1