title: Urethral strictures following urethral plate and proximal urethral elevation during proximal TIP hypospadias repair.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We previously described urethral plate (UP) dissection and urethral mobilization from the corpora cavernosa to achieve or facilitate straightening ventral curvature while preserving the UP for TIP in boys with proximal hypospadias. The original patients had similar complications to those undergoing proximal TIP without UP elevation. Subsequently an increased occurrence of neourethra strictures in those with UP elevation and urethral mobilization was recognized, and is now reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  Information on consecutive patients with proximal TIP repair with and without UP elevation and urethral mobilization by a single surgeon was reviewed in a database with pre-determined data points entered on the day of service.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 76 proximal TIP patients with follow up, 29 with and 47 without UP elevation and urethral mobilization, with strictures developing in 5 (17%) and 0, respectively, p = 0.01. All strictures were symptomatic (UTI, urinary retention), 0.1-1.0 cm long, and diagnosed at ≤1.5 years after surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  UP elevation and urethral mobilization with TIP resulted in focal devascularization of the neourethra with symptomatic stricture development. Although most patients with these straightening maneuvers did not have stricture, we no longer recommend UP elevation and urethral mobilization with proximal TIP repair.
authors.affiliation: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, USA; Children's Medical Center Dallas, USA; Department of Urology, Division of Pediatric Urology, USA. Electronic address: warren.snodgrass@childrens.com.
authors.forename: Warren T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Snodgrass
authors.forename: Candace
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Granberg
authors.forename: Nicol Corbin
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Bush
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000601:surgery*; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014521:Urethra / Q000601:surgery*; D014525:Urethral Stricture / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D013521:Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods
keywords: Hypospadias; TIP; UP; Urethral plate; Urethral stricture; VC; Ventral curvature; tubularized incised plate; urethral plate; ventral curvature