title: Physical properties and depth of cure of a new short fiber reinforced composite.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the physical properties and curing depth of a new short fiber composite intended for posterior large restorations (everX Posterior) in comparison to different commercial posterior composites (Alert, TetricEvoCeram Bulk Fill, Voco X-tra base, SDR, Venus Bulk Fill, SonicFill, Filtek Bulk Fill, Filtek Superme, and Filtek Z250). In addition, length of fiber fillers of composite XENIUS base compared to the previously introduced composite Alert has been measured.
  
  
  METHODS
  The following properties were examined according to ISO standard 4049: flexural strength, flexural modulus, fracture toughness, polymerization shrinkage and depth of cure. The mean and standard deviation were determined and all results were statistically analyzed with analysis of variance ANOVA (a=0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  XENIUS base composite exhibited the highest fracture toughness (4.6MPam(1/2)) and flexural strength (124.3MPa) values and the lower shrinkage strain (0.17%) among the materials tested. Alert composite revealed the highest flexural modulus value (9.9GPa), which was not significantly different from XENIUS base composite (9.5GPa). Depth of cure of XENIUS base (4.6mm) was similar than those of bulk fill composites and higher than other hybrid composites. The length of fiber fillers in XENIUS base was longer (1.3-2mm) than in Alert (20-60μm).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The new short fiber composite differed significantly in its physical properties compared to other materials tested. This suggests that the latter could be used in high-stress bearing areas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterial Center, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. sufgar@utu.fi
authors.forename: Sufyan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Garoushi
authors.forename: Eija
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Säilynoja
authors.forename: Pekka K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Vallittu
authors.forename: Lippo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lassila
mesh_terms: D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D055119:Elastic Modulus; D005898:Glass / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D018583:Pliability; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D058105:Polymerization; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: C406265:Alert composite resin; D003188:Composite Resins; D003764:Dental Materials; C000618653:EverX Posterior; C474035:Filtek Supreme; C444701:Filtek Z250; D008689:Methacrylates; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; C501891:Tetric EvoCeram; C488393:Venus (composite resin); C009753:fiberglass; C020946:triethylene glycol dimethacrylate; C041979:2,2-bis-(4-(2-methacryloxyethoxy)phenyl)propane; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; C074277:ethoxylated bis-phenol A dimethacrylate; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate
keywords: Depth of cure; Physical properties; Short fiber composite