title: Exposure to parvalbumin allergen and aerosols among herring processing workers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There are increasing reports of allergies and respiratory symptoms among workers in the fish processing industry, coinciding with an increasing use of high-pressure water in the processing plants. However, few studies have measured exposure in these work environments.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to characterize the occupational exposure of workers to herring antigen and to screen environmental factors at a herring (Clupea harengus) plant in which new and more encapsulated filleting machines had been installed. To assist in this, a method to assess airborne exposure to herring allergen was needed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Exposure to airborne herring antigen, mould spores, and endotoxin were measured during work. Antigen exposure was assessed using a newly developed sensitive (detection limit, 0.1 ng ml(-1)) rabbit polyclonal sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay against the major herring muscle protein allergen, parvalbumin. Aerosols were measured by mass concentration (DataRAM) and number of particles (Climet I-500).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Personal geometric mean herring allergen exposure was 986 ng m(-3) at the old filleting workstations and 725 ng m(-3) at the new workstations (difference not significant). Outside the production room, the level was ~130 ng m(-3). Number of particles and mass concentration were both significantly lower around the new machines than around the old machines (P < 0.001 and P < 0.0001, respectively). The highest particle count was seen for the 0.3-0.5 μm fraction, with more than 400,000 particles per cubic metre air. Endotoxin concentration in the air varied between 3 and 92 EU m(-3), with the highest levels when the catch mainly contained herring that had eaten krill or seaweed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We developed a sensitive method to detect herring antigen. High exposure to herring antigen was measured during filleting work. The particles in the air around the fillet machines were mainly <0.5 μm and the newer encapsulated machines generated fewer particles. It is important to reduce occupational exposure of workers to aerosols by improving the ventilation system, machines, and organization of work.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Box 414, SE 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden;
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dahlman-Höglund
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Renström
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Acevedo
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Andersson
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000032:analysis*; D000485:Allergens / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D059366:Asthma, Occupational / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology; D005399:Fishes; D005525:Food-Processing Industry; D006801:Humans; D019570:Inhalation Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D010320:Parvalbumins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology; D012137:Respiratory System
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D000485:Allergens; D010320:Parvalbumins
keywords: allergens; endotoxin; fish; measurements; moulds; particles