title: Smoking cessation interventions and cessation rates in the oncology population: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate tobacco smoking cessation interventions and cessation rates in the oncology population through a systematic review and meta-analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The literature was searched using PubMed, Google Scholar, Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library (inception to October 2012) by 3 independent review authors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Studies were included if they were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or prospective cohort (PCs) studies evaluating tobacco smoking cessation interventions with patients assigned to a usual care or an intervention group. The primary outcome measure was smoking cessation rates. Two authors extracted data independently for each study. When applicable, disagreements were resolved by consensus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The systematic review identified 10 RCTs and 3 PCs. Statistical analysis was conducted using StatsDirect software (Cheshire, UK). Pooled odds ratios (ORs) for smoking cessation interventions were calculated in 2 groups based on follow-up duration. The therapeutic interventions included counseling, nicotine replacement therapy, buproprion, and varenicline. Smoking cessation interventions had a pooled odds ratio of 1.54 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.909-2.64) for patients in the shorter follow-up group and 1.31 (95% CI, 0.931-1.84) in the longer follow-up group. Smoking cessation interventions in the perioperative period had a pooled odds ratio of 2.31 (95% CI, 1.32-4.07).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrate that tobacco cessation interventions in the oncology population, in both the short-term and long-term follow-up groups, do not significantly affect cessation rates. The perioperative period, though, may represent an important teachable moment with regard to smoking cessation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada. smriti.nayan@medportal.ca
authors.forename: Smriti
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nayan
authors.forename: Michael K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Julie E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Strychowsky
authors.forename: Doron D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Sommer
mesh_terms: D001521:Behavior Therapy; D037001:Directive Counseling / Q000379:methods*; D014943:Global Health; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D009017:Morbidity; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000074606:Smoking Prevention
keywords: cancer; oncology; smoking cessation; tobacco