title: Impact of pretreatments on morphology and enzymatic saccharification of shedding bark of Melaleuca leucadendron.
abstract: The effects of subcritical water (SCW) and dilute acid pretreatments on the shedding bark of Melaleuca leucadendron (paper bark tree, PBT) biomass morphology, crystallinity index (CrI) and enzymatic saccharification were studied. The morphology of PBT bark was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. SCW pretreatment mainly extracted amorphous parts of the biomass hence its CrI increased, partial decrystallization of cellulose and exposing of intact nanofibers of cellulose were observed for SCW pretreatment at 180°C. On the other hand, dilute acid pretreatment at 160°C exhibited a large decrease in CrI, an increase in surface area, a decrease in lignin content and decrystallization of cellulose as well as the peel-off and degradation of some nanofiber bundles. Dilute acid and SCW pretreatments of PBT biomass resulted in about 4.5 fold enhancement in glucose release relative to the untreated one.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 43 Keelung Rd., Sec. 4, Taipei 106-07, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ibrahim Nasser
authors.initials: IN
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: Shella Permatasari
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Santoso
authors.forename: Phuong Lan
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Tran-Nguyen
authors.forename: Lien Huong
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Huynh
authors.forename: Suryadi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ismadji
authors.forename: Yi-Hsu
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Ju
mesh_terms: D018533:Biomass; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D002480:Cellulase / Q000378:metabolism*; D003460:Crystallization; D006868:Hydrolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D031650:Melaleuca / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D024301:Plant Bark / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013464:Sulfuric Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D014867:Water / Q000494:pharmacology; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction; D001617:beta-Glucosidase / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D013464:Sulfuric Acids; D014867:Water; D001617:beta-Glucosidase; D002480:Cellulase; C033158:sulfuric acid