title: A pilot trial on the molecular pathophysiology of traumatic temporomandibular joint bony ankylosis in a sheep model. Part II: The differential gene expression among fibrous ankylosis, bony ankylosis and condylar fracture.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the study was to preliminarily explore the differential expressions of a series of genes regulating bone formation in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) fibrous ankylosis, bony ankylosis and condylar fracture healing.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cDNA from either the bony ankylosed callus or fracture callus of the 6 sheep, as described in the part I, were both used in the study. The differences of gene expressions between bony ankylosis and condylar fracture at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively were measured by real-time PCR, with 2 samples at each time point. In addition, another 2 sheep were added to have fibrous ankylosis induced on the right TMJ, and 1 sheep was sacrificed at 3 and 6 months after surgery, respectively. The differences of gene expressions between fibrous and bony ankylosis at 3 and 6 months postoperatively were measured by real-time PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bony ankylosis showed higher mRNA expression trends in Wnt2b, Wnt5a, β-Catenin, Lef1, CyclinD1, Runx2, Osterix, Sox9, Col10a1, Alp, Ocn, Bmp2, and Bmp7 compared to fibrous ankylosis, although no statistical analysis was performed due to the very small sample size. Whereas bony ankylosis showed a significant lower expression of Wnt5a, β-Catenin, Lef1, Runx2, Osterix, Sox9, Col10a1, Alp, Ocn and Bmp4 compared to condylar fracture at several time points (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data provided a preliminary molecular evidence for the hypothesis that the development of traumatic TMJ bony ankylosis was the course of delayed bone healing or hypertrophic nonunion, and deserved to be further studied.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Nandajie, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, PR China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, 75 Dagu Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300041, PR China.
authors.forename: Ying-Bin
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Nandajie, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, PR China.
authors.forename: Jiang-Ming
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Nandajie, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, PR China.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Nandajie, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, PR China.
authors.forename: Jin-Gang
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: An
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Center for Temporomandibular Disorders and Orofacial Pain, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Nandajie, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, PR China. Electronic address: kqyehuagan@bjmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Ye-Hua
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Gan
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Nandajie, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, PR China. Electronic address: zhangyi2000@263.net.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D000844:Ankylosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 / Q000032:analysis; D055419:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7 / Q000032:analysis; D002146:Bony Callus / Q000503:physiopathology; D024121:Collagen Type X / Q000032:analysis; D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit / Q000032:analysis; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000032:analysis; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005355:Fibrosis; D017102:Fracture Healing / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000235:genetics; D051821:Lymphoid Enhancer-Binding Factor 1 / Q000032:analysis; D008335:Mandibular Condyle / Q000293:injuries*; D008337:Mandibular Fractures / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000032:analysis; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D055758:SOX9 Transcription Factor / Q000032:analysis; D012756:Sheep; D013704:Temporomandibular Joint / Q000293:injuries*; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000032:analysis; D051153:Wnt Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D051176:beta Catenin / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D055419:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7; D024121:Collagen Type X; D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit; D051821:Lymphoid Enhancer-Binding Factor 1; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D055758:SOX9 Transcription Factor; D014157:Transcription Factors; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D051176:beta Catenin; D015675:Osteocalcin; D019938:Cyclin D1; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase
keywords: Animal model; Ankylosis; Gene expression; Sheep; Temporomandibular joint; Trauma