title: Blood pressure and stroke risk among diabetic patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Blood pressure (BP) control can reduce the risk of stroke among diabetic patients; however, it is not known whether the lowest risk of stroke is among diabetic patients with the lowest BP level.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our objective was to investigate the race-specific association of different levels of BP with stroke risk among diabetic patients in the Louisiana State University Hospital-based longitudinal study.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively investigated the race-specific association of different levels of BP at baseline and during an average of 6.7 years of follow-up with incident stroke risk among 17,536 African American and 12,618 white diabetic patients within the Louisiana State University Hospital System.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated incident stroke until May 31, 2012.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During follow-up, 2949 incident cases of stroke were identified. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios of stroke associated with different levels of systolic/diastolic BP at baseline (<110/65, 110-119/65-69, 120-129/70-80 [reference group], 130-139/80-90, 140-159/90-100, and ≥160/100 mm Hg) were 1.88 (95% confidence interval = 1.38-2.56), 1.05 (0.80-1.42), 1.00, 1.05 (0.86-1.27), 1.12 (0.94-1.34), and 1.47 (1.24-1.75) for African American diabetic patients and 1.42 (1.06-1.91), 1.22 (0.95-1.57), 1.00, 0.88 (0.72-1.06), 1.02 (0.86-1.21), and 1.28 (1.07-1.54) for white diabetic patients, respectively. A U-shaped association of isolated systolic or diastolic BP at baseline and during follow-up with stroke risk was observed among both African American and white diabetic patients. The U-shaped association was confirmed in both patients who were and were not taking antihypertensive drugs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current study suggests a U-shaped association between BP and the risk of stroke. Aggressive BP control (<110/65 mm Hg) and high BP (≥160/100 mm Hg) are associated with an increased risk of stroke among both African American and white patients with type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808, USA.
authors.forename: Wenhui
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Peter T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Katzmarzyk
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Horswell
authors.forename: Yujie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jolene
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: William T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Cefalu
authors.forename: Donna H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000368:Aged; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology; D015994:Incidence; D008145:Louisiana / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020521:Stroke / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents