title: Role of tranexamic acid in reducing postoperative blood loss and transfusion requirement in patients undergoing hip and femoral surgeries.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pharmacological agents are used to reduce postoperative blood loss.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effects of tranexamic acid on prevention of bleeding and requirement of blood transfusion after major hip and femoral surgeries.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, randomized, double blinded study was conducted in the tertiary care teaching hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety ASA grade I-II patients undergoing hip fracture surgery were included in this prospective study. Forty-five patients received tranexamic acid (TA) given in a bolus dose of 500 mg 15 min before surgical incision followed by continuous infusion. The remaining, 45 patients were allocated as a control group. Postoperative bleeding (volume of blood in the drain), percentage fall of hemoglobin, transfusions and complications were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean volume of blood in the drain was 39.33±10.09 ml (mean±SD) as compared to 91.11±17.61 ml in placebo group showing a P<0.001. Mean percentage fall in Hb at day 0 was 2.99±3.45 in the study group as compared to 7.70±6.05 in the placebo group (P<0.001), and fall at day 2 in the study group was 0.35±0.74, compared to 2.72±2.70 in the placebo group (P<0.001). The number of patients required blood transfusions were lower in the study group than in the placebo group (P=0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that tranexamic acid significantly reduces postoperative blood loss and transfusion requirements during major hip and femoral surgeries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, A.M.U. Aligarh, India.
authors.forename: Bhavani S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Vijay
authors.forename: Vikram
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bedi
authors.forename: Subhro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mitra
authors.forename: Bikramjit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Das
keywords: Blood loss; blood transfusion; hip and femoral surgery; tranexamic acid