title: Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B (RANK) as a determinant of peri-implantitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Peri-implantitis presents inflammatory process that affects soft and hard supporting tissues of osseointegrated implant based on inflammatory osteoclastogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate whether receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B (RANK) concentrations in peri-implant crevicular fluid could be associated with clinical parameters that reflect inflammatory nature of peri-implantitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 67 patients, 22 with diagnosed peri-implantitis, 22 persons with healthy peri-implant tissues and 23 patients with periodontitis. Clinical parameters from each patient were recorded and samples of peri-implant/gingival crevicular fluid were collected for the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RANK concentration was significantly increased in samples from the patients with peri-implantitis when compared to healthy implants (p < 0.0001), where the average levels were 9 times higher. At the same time RANK concentration was significantly higher in peri-implantitis than in periodontitis sites (p < 0.0001). In implant patients pocket depths and bleeding on probing values were positively associated with high RANK concentrations (p < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results revealed association of increased RANK concentration in samples of peri-implant/gingival crevicular fluid with peri-implant inflammation and suggests that RANK could be a pathologic determinant of peri-implantitis, thereby a potential parameter in assessment of peri-implant tissue inflammation and a potential target in designing treatment strategies.
authors.affiliation: Department for Periodontology and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia. mia.rakic@gmail.com
authors.forename: Mia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rakić
authors.forename: Natasa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nikolić-Jakoba
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Struillout
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Petković-Curcin
authors.forename: Novak
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Stamatović
authors.forename: Smiljka
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matić
authors.forename: Sasa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Janković
authors.forename: Zoran
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Aleksić
authors.forename: Djurdja
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vasilić
authors.forename: Vojislav
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Leković
authors.forename: Danilo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vojvodić
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D057873:Peri-Implantitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000473:pathology; D053246:Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D053246:Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B