title: Correlations of non-exercise activity thermogenesis to metabolic parameters in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) is the energy expenditure due to physical activities besides active sports-like exercise and resistance training in daily life.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 45 subjects (22 women and 23 men) with type 2 diabetes who did not take any hypoglycemic, anti-hypertensive, or cholesterol-lowering agents and asked them about physical activity concerned with NEAT using an original questionnaire modified from a compendium of physical activities. We studied the association of the NEAT score to body weight, waist circumference, blood pressure, glucose and lipid metabolism, and arterial stiffness.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The NEAT score was negatively correlated with serum insulin levels (r = -0.42, P < 0.05) in all subjects. The NEAT score was also negatively correlated with waist circumference (r = -0.509, P < 0.05) and positively correlated with high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels (r = 0.494, P < 0.05) in women, and negatively associated with serum insulin levels (r = -0.732, p < 0.005), systolic (r = -0.482, P < 0.05) and diastolic blood pressure (r = -0.538, P < 0.05) in patients with abdominal obesity. Furthermore, the NEAT score was negatively associated with pulse wave velocity (r = -0.719, P < 0.005) in smokers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study demonstrated that NEAT is associated with amelioration in insulin sensitivity, waist circumference, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, blood pressure and the marker for atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Kohnodai Hospital, Chiba, Japan. dyanai@hospk.ncgm.go.jp.
authors.forename: Hidetaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hamasaki
authors.forename: Hidekatsu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yanai
authors.forename: Shuichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mishima
authors.forename: Tomoka
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mineyama
authors.forename: Ritsuko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yamamoto-Honda
authors.forename: Masafumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kakei
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ezaki
authors.forename: Mitsuhiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Noda