title: The effects of simulated fog and motion on simulator sickness in a driving simulator and the duration of after-effects.
abstract: In the study, we checked: 1) how the simulator test conditions affect the severity of simulator sickness symptoms; 2) how the severity of simulator sickness symptoms changes over time; and 3) whether the conditions of the simulator test affect the severity of these symptoms in different ways, depending on the time that has elapsed since the performance of the task in the simulator. We studied 12 men aged 24-33 years (M = 28.8, SD = 3.26) using a truck simulator. The SSQ questionnaire was used to assess the severity of the symptoms of simulator sickness. Each of the subjects performed three 30-minute tasks running along the same route in a driving simulator. Each of these tasks was carried out in a different simulator configuration: A) fixed base platform with poor visibility; B) fixed base platform with good visibility; and C) motion base platform with good visibility. The measurement of the severity of the simulator sickness symptoms took place in five consecutive intervals. The results of the analysis showed that the simulator test conditions affect in different ways the severity of the simulator sickness symptoms, depending on the time which has elapsed since performing the task on the simulator. The simulator sickness symptoms persisted at the highest level for the test conditions involving the motion base platform. Also, when performing the tasks on the motion base platform, the severity of the simulator sickness symptoms varied depending on the time that had elapsed since performing the task. Specifically, the addition of motion to the simulation increased the oculomotor and disorientation symptoms reported as well as the duration of the after-effects.
authors.affiliation: Technical Department of Aeromedical Research and Flight Simulators, Military Institute of Aviation Medicine, ul. Zygmunta Krasińskiego 54/56, Warszawa 01-755, Poland. Electronic address: ldziuda@wiml.waw.pl.
authors.forename: Lukasz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dziuda
authors.affiliation: Department of Aviation Psychology, Military Institute of Aviation Medicine, ul. Zygmunta Krasińskiego 54/56, Warszawa 01-755, Poland. Electronic address: mbiernacki@wiml.waw.pl.
authors.forename: Marcin P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Biernacki
authors.affiliation: Department of Aviation Bioengineering, Military Institute of Aviation Medicine, ul. Zygmunta Krasińskiego 54/56, Warszawa 01-755, Poland. Electronic address: pbaran@wiml.waw.pl.
authors.forename: Paulina M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Baran
authors.affiliation: Department of Flight Safety, Military Institute of Aviation Medicine,ul. Zygmunta Krasińskiego 54/56, Warszawa 01-755, Poland. Electronic address: otrusz@wiml.waw.pl.
authors.forename: Olaf E
authors.initials: OE
authors.lastname: Truszczyński
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000523:psychology*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D006804:Ergonomics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009038:Motion; D009041:Motion Sickness / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D013997:Time Factors; D014887:Weather; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Disorientation symptoms; Driving task; Nausea; Oculomotor disturbance; Simulator sickness