title: Change in proportional protein intake in a 10-week energy-restricted low- or high-fat diet, in relation to changes in body size and metabolic factors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate in a secondary analysis of a randomised trial the effects of a low-/high-fat diet and reported change from baseline in energy% from protein (prot%), in relation to changes in body size and metabolic factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Obese adults (n = 771) were randomised to a 600 kcal energy-deficient low-fat (20-25 fat%) or high-fat (40-45 fat%) diet over 10 weeks. Dietary intake data at baseline and during the intervention were available in 585 completers. We used linear regression to calculate the combined effects of randomised group and groups of prot% change (<-2 /-2 to 2/>2) on outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The low-fat group with >2 prot% increase lost 1.1 kg more weight (p = 0.03) and reduced cholesterol by 0.25 mmol/l more (p = 0.003) than the high-fat group with >2 prot% decrease. These differences were 2.5-fold and 1.8-fold greater than the differences between the low-fat and high-fat groups while not considering prot% change. The high-fat group reduced plasma triglycerides more than the low-fat group, but not compared to those in the low-fat group with >2 units prot% increase (p fat-protein interaction = 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Under energy restriction, participants on a low-fat diet who had increased the percentage energy intake from protein showed the greatest reduction in weight and cholesterol, and a triglyceride reduction equally large to that of participants on a high-fat diet.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals-Part of the Copenhagen University Hospital, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark. tanja.stocks@umu.se
authors.forename: Tanja
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stocks
authors.forename: Moira A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Angquist
authors.forename: Ian A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Macdonald
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Arner
authors.forename: Claus
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Holst
authors.forename: Jean-Michel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Oppert
authors.forename: J Alfredo
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rössner
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Polak
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Langin
authors.forename: Wim H M
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Saris
authors.forename: Arne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Astrup
authors.forename: Thorkild I A
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Sørensen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D031204:Caloric Restriction; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D018752:Diet, Fat-Restricted; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D004038:Diet, Reducing; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002149:Energy Intake; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D008055:Lipids; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol