title: Human immunodeficiency virus-related retinal microangiopathy and systemic cytomegalovirus disease association.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether there is a significant association between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related retinal microangiopathy and systemic cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease in HIV-infected patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants in this single-center, cross-sectional, retrospective study were 383 HIV-infected patients assessed for ocular manifestations before the beginning of antiretroviral therapy. The presence of HIV-related retinal microangiopathy, the presence of systemic CMV disease, laboratory data, and demographic information were determined by referring to medical records. The significance of any association between HIV-related retinal microangiopathy and systemic CMV disease was determined by use of the Chi-squared test and by multivariate analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HIV-related retinal microangiopathy was present in 85 patients, and was significantly associated with systemic CMV disease both by use of the Chi-squared test (P = 0.006) and by multivariate analysis (P = 0.045, odds ratio 2.03, 95 % confidence interval 1.02-4.06 adjusted for CD4+ cell count and plasma HIV-RNA level).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings indicate that microangiopathy may be involved in the development of CMV disease in HIV-infected patients. Thus, detection of the presence of HIV-related retinal microangiopathy is important in the management of HIV-infected patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Metropolitan Komagome Hospital, 18-22, Honkomagome 3chome, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0021, Japan. sahnya96@gmail.com
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Iwasaki
authors.forename: Narumichi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Tatsushi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawaguchi
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ozaki
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tomita
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ajisawa
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mochizuki
authors.forename: Kimio
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Murakami
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000235:genetics*; D017726:Cytomegalovirus Retinitis / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006678:HIV / Q000235:genetics*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis*; D012160:Retina / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D019562:Viral Load; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral