title: Four-dimensional real-time cine images of wrist joint kinematics using dual source CT with minimal time increment scanning.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To validate the feasibility of real time kinematography with four-dimensional (4D) dynamic functional wrist joint imaging using dual source CT.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two healthy volunteers performed radioulnar deviation and pronation- supination wrist motions for 10 s and 4 s per cycle in a dual source CT scanner. Scan and reconstruction protocols were set to optimize temporal resolution. Cine images of the reconstructed carpal bone of the moving wrist were recorded. The quality of the images and radiation dosage were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 4D cine images obtained during 4 s and 10 s of radioulnar motion showed a smooth stream of movement with good quality and little noise or artifact. Images from the pronation-supination motion showed noise with a masked surface contour. The temporal resolution was optimized at 0.28 s.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using dual source CT, 4D cine images of in vivo kinematics of wrist joint movement were obtained and found to have a shorter scan time, improved temporal resolution and lower radiation dosages compared with those previously reported.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Korea.
authors.forename: Yoon Seong
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Young Han
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sungjun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hee Woo
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Ho-Taek
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Jin-Suck
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Suh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016477:Artifacts; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002348:Carpal Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D033281:Nontherapeutic Human Experimentation; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D014955:Wrist Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Dual source; carpal kinematics; computed tomography; dynamic imaging; four dimensional