title: Raman spectra exploring breast tissues: comparison of principal component analysis and support vector machine-recursive feature elimination.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Raman spectroscopy was explored to diagnose normal, benign, and malignant human breast tissues based on principal component analysis (PCA) and support vector machine-recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE), and SVM-RFE results were compared with PCA.
  
  
  METHODS
  1800 Raman spectra were acquired from fresh samples of human breast tissues (normal, fibroadenoma, adenosis, galactoma, and invasive ductal carcinoma) from 168 patients. After set up the SVM-RFE and PCA models, Mahalanobis distance, spectral residuals, sensitivity, specificity, and Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) were used as the discriminating criteria for evaluating these two methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The comparison shows that SVM-RFE based on the selection of characteristic peaks better reflects the nature of biopsy and it produces better discrimination, sensitivity, specificity, and MCC for normal (1, 1, 1), malignant (0.93, 0.97, 0.91), and benign (0.95, 0.97, 0.91) breast tissues.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Raman spectroscopy combined with SVM-RFE opens great future in the clinical applications of mammary disease diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
authors.forename: Chengxu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Juexin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Shuping
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Haipeng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yanchun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Lirong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bi
authors.forename: Zhimin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Weiqing
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated / Q000379:methods*; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000379:methods*; D060388:Support Vector Machine
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor