title: Evaluation of hemostatic field dressing for bacteria, mycobacteria, or fungus contamination.
abstract: Infectious complications have a major impact on wounded warriors. Pathogens causing infections include multidrug-resistant bacteria, fungi, and mycobacteria. The potential sources for these pathogens include nosocomial transmission, the environment (e.g., dirt), or the patients (skin flora) themselves. The purpose of this pilot study was to explore the possibility that hemostatic field dressings might act as an inoculation source of pathogens into wounds. To accomplish this, hemostatic field dressings were assessed for the presence of bacterial, fungal, or mycobacterial contamination. We evaluated two samples of QuikClot Combat Gauze and two samples of CELOX Gauze subjected to normal stresses associated with storage after receipt from the manufacturer. We then evaluated 16 samples of QuikClot Combat Gauze that were collected from personnel deployed in Afghanistan and had undergone routine mechanical stress. Samples underwent screening with Trypticase Soy Broth, blood agar plates, MacConkey agar plates, CHROMagar Staphylococcus aureus plates, chocolate agar plates, Potato Flake agar, Lowenstein-Jensen media, and Middlebrook 7H11 media. No bacteria, fungi, or mycobacteria were recovered from the dressings. It does not appear that hemostatic field dressings are contaminated, even after subjected to field conditions. Further research is needed to identify inoculation sources of fungi and mycobacteria, which cause infections.
authors.affiliation: San Antonio Military Medical Center, 3551 Roger Brooke Drive, Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA.
authors.forename: Clinton K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: Tyson
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Brunstetter
authors.forename: Miriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Beckius
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Dunne
authors.forename: Katrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mende
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria; D001458:Bandages / Q000382:microbiology*; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000517:prevention & control; D005658:Fungi; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000628:therapy*; D006489:Hemostatic Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006801:Humans; D009159:Mycobacteriaceae; D010865:Pilot Projects; D013242:Sterilization / Q000379:methods*; D014946:Wound Infection / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000628:therapy