title: Maternal dietary omega-3 fatty acid intake increases resolvin and protectin levels in the rat placenta.
abstract: Placental inflammation is associated with several pregnancy disorders. Inflammation is limited by anti-inflammatory and proresolving mechanisms, the latter partly mediated by resolvins and protectins derived from omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3PUFA). We examined effects of dietary n-3PUFAs on levels of resolvins, protectins, and lipoxygenase (ALOX) enzymes in the rat placenta. Rats consumed standard (Std) or high n-3PUFA (Hn3) diets from day 1 of pregnancy; tissues were collected on day 17 or 22 (term = day 23). Maternal Hn3 diet increased resolvin and protectin precursors, 18R/S-HEPE (P < 0.001), and 17R/S-HDHA (P < 0.01) at both days. Resolvins (17R-RvD1 and RvD1) increased at day 22 (P < 0.001) after Hn3 consumption, coincident with higher Alox15b and Alox5 mRNA expression, while RvD2 increased at both days (P < 0.05). Protectins, PD1, and 10S,17S-DiHDHA increased over late gestation (P < 0.001), coincident with higher Alox15 mRNA expression (P < 0.001) and further increased with Hn3 diet (P < 0.05). Maternal systemic and placental proinflammatory mediators were not suppressed by Hn3 diet; systemic IL1β, placental Il1β, and Il6 mRNA expression increased marginally with Hn3 at day 22 (P < 0.001), while Ptgs1 (Cox1) expression increased both days (P < 0.05). Our data indicate that maternal n-3PUFA supplementation enhances expression of enzymes in the n-3PUFA metabolic pathway and increases placental levels of resolvins and protectins.
authors.affiliation: Schools of Anatomy, Physiology & Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia.
authors.forename: Megan L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: Schools of Anatomy, Physiology & Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia.
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Mark
authors.affiliation: Women's & Infants' Health, and The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia.
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Keelan
authors.affiliation: Medicine & Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barden
authors.affiliation: Medicine & Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia.
authors.forename: Emilie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mas
authors.affiliation: Medicine & Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia.
authors.forename: Trevor A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.affiliation: Schools of Anatomy, Physiology & Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia. Electronic address: brendan.waddell@uwa.edu.au.
authors.forename: Brendan J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Waddell
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018957:CD59 Antigens / Q000032:analysis*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000032:analysis*; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D008084:Lipoxygenase / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010920:Placenta / Q000098:blood supply / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000201:enzymology; D011247:Pregnancy; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D018957:CD59 Antigens; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D008084:Lipoxygenase
keywords: inflammation; lipoxygenase; n-3PUFA; pregnancy