title: A pilot trial on the molecular pathophysiology of traumatic temporomandibular joint bony ankylosis in a sheep model. Part I: Expression of Wnt signaling.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To preliminarily investigate the temporal patterns of the endogenous mRNA expression for members of the Wnt signaling and a series of genes regulating bone formation during the development of traumatic temporomandibular joint (TMJ) bony ankylosis in a sheep model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six sheep were used for the induction of bony ankylosis of TMJ. We performed a condylar fracture, excision of the lateral 2/3 disc and serious injury to the glenoid fossa to induce bony ankylosis on the right TMJ. An isolated condylar fracture was performed on the left side. Two sheep were sacrificed at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after surgery, respectively. The specimens from the ankylosed joint and the condylar fracture were harvested for RNA extraction respectively. In this report (Part I), only the bony ankylosed samples were used for analysis of gene expressions. The specimens 1 month postoperatively were taken as the control, and the changes of expression of target genes over time were examined by real-time PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  mRNA expression of Wnt1, Wnt2b, Wnt3a, β-catenin, Sfrp1, Lrp6, Lef1, CyclinD1, and Runx2 was up-regulated at 3 and 6 months compared with 1 month. The expression of Wnt5a, Sox9, and Osterix was up-regulated with a peak at 3 months, and then fell back to the basal levels at 6 months. The expression of Ocn began to up-regulate until 6 month postoperatively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggested that Wnt signaling was involved in the formation of traumatic TMJ bony ankylosis and thus may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of the disease in the future.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Nandajie, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, PR China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, 75 Dagu Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300041, PR China.
authors.forename: Ying-Bin
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Nandajie, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, PR China.
authors.forename: Jiang-Ming
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Nandajie, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, PR China.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Nandajie, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, PR China.
authors.forename: Jin-Gang
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: An
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Center for Temporomandibular Disorders and Orofacial Pain, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Nandajie, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, PR China. Electronic address: kqyehuagan@bjmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Ye-Hua
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Gan
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Nandajie, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, PR China. Electronic address: zhangyi2000@263.net.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000844:Ankylosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit / Q000032:analysis; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000032:analysis; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000032:analysis; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D060488:Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-6 / Q000032:analysis; D051821:Lymphoid Enhancer-Binding Factor 1 / Q000032:analysis; D008335:Mandibular Condyle / Q000293:injuries; D008337:Mandibular Fractures / Q000503:physiopathology; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000032:analysis; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000235:genetics; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D055758:SOX9 Transcription Factor / Q000032:analysis; D012756:Sheep; D013701:Temporal Bone / Q000293:injuries; D013704:Temporomandibular Joint / Q000293:injuries*; D019224:Temporomandibular Joint Disc / Q000293:injuries; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000032:analysis; D051153:Wnt Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D060449:Wnt Signaling Pathway / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D051155:Wnt1 Protein / Q000032:analysis; D060509:Wnt3A Protein / Q000032:analysis; D051176:beta Catenin / Q000032:analysis; D000099274:Frizzled-Related Proteins
chemical_list: D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit; D019938:Cyclin D1; D006023:Glycoproteins; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D060488:Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-6; D051821:Lymphoid Enhancer-Binding Factor 1; D015675:Osteocalcin; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D055758:SOX9 Transcription Factor; D014157:Transcription Factors; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D051155:Wnt1 Protein; D060509:Wnt3A Protein; D051176:beta Catenin; D000099274:Frizzled-Related Proteins
keywords: Animal model; Bony ankylosis; Sheep; Temporomandibular joint; Trauma; Wnt signaling