title: Risk factors for postoperative mortality and morbidities in emergency surgeries.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Emergency surgery itself induces high risk for postoperative mortality and morbidities; however, it remains unknown which concomitant pathological conditions of emergency surgeries are causative factors of deteriorating outcomes. This study examined the causal factors of postoperative mortality and morbidity in cases of emergency surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients undergoing emergency surgery from January to December 2007 were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study. Causal relationships were analyzed by stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis between possible independent factors (sex, age, kind of surgical department, timing of surgery, duration of surgery, blood transfusion, deteriorated consciousness level, shock state, abnormal coagulate state, and history of hypertension, diabetes, ischemic heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, renal failure, and anemia) and postoperative mortality or morbidities (failure of removal of tracheal tube after operation, tracheotomy, cerebral infarction, massive hemorrhage, severe hypotension, severe hypoxemia, and severe arrhythmia during or after surgery).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Shock, deteriorated consciousness level, chronic obstructive lung disease, and ischemic heart disease were significant risk factors for mortality (OR 14.2, 7.9, 6.4, and 3.8, respectively), and deteriorated consciousness level, blood transfusion, shock, chronic obstructive lung disease, diabetes, cardiovascular surgery, and operation longer than 2 h were significant risk factors for morbidity (OR 19.1, 3.3, 3.0, 2.5, 2.4, 2.4, and 1.8, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  State of shock, deteriorated consciousness level, chronic obstructive lung disease, ischemic heart disease, hemorrhage requiring blood transfusion, age over 80 years, cardiovascular surgery, surgeries at night, and surgeries of duration more than 2 h cause patients to be strongly susceptible to postoperative mortality or morbidity in emergency surgeries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomonori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsuyama
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iranami
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.forename: Mariko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Reiko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: Kohei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawashima
mesh_terms: D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009017:Morbidity; D011184:Postoperative Period; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000401:mortality*