title: Spinal posture and pelvic position in three hundred forty-five elementary school children: a rasterstereographic pilot study.
abstract: Children's posture has been of growing concern due to observations that it seems to be impaired compared to previous generations. So far there is no reference data for spinal posture and pelvic position in healthy children available. Purpose of this pilot study was to determine rasterstereographic posture values in children during their second growth phase. Three hundred and forty-five pupils were measured with a rasterstereographic device in a neutral standing position with hanging arms. To further analyse for changes in spinal posture during growth, the children were divided into 12-month age clusters. A mean kyphotic angle of 47.1°±7.5 and a mean lordotic angle of 42.1°±9.9 were measured. Trunk imbalance in girls (5.85 mm±0.74) and boys (7.48 mm± 0.83) varied only little between the age groups, with boys showing slightly higher values than girls. The trunk inclination did not show any significant differences between the age groups in boys or girls. Girls' inclination was 2.53°±1.96 with a tendency to decreasing angles by age, therefore slightly smaller compared to boys (2.98°±2.18). Lateral deviation (4.8 mm) and pelvic position (tilt: 2.75 mm; torsion: 1.53°; inclination: 19.8°±19.8) were comparable for all age groups and genders. This study provides the first systematic rasterstereographic analysis of spinal posture in children between 6 and 11 years. With the method of rasterstereography a reliable three-dimensional analysis of spinal posture and pelvic position is possible. Spinal posture and pelvic position does not change significantly with increasing age in this collective of children during the second growth phase.
authors.affiliation: Medical Clinic, Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital Tuebingen, Germany;
authors.forename: Thimm Christoph
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Furian
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Rapp
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eckert
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wild
authors.forename: Marcel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Betsch
keywords: back pain; children; pelvic position.; posture; rasterstereography; spine