title: Inhibitory effect of a standardized pomegranate fruit extract on Wnt signalling in 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine induced rat colon carcinogenesis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  De-regulation of Wnt signalling is increasingly being implicated in both experimental and human carcinogenesis including colon cancer.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our goal was to identify possible dietary agents that block Wnt signalling as a step toward investigating new strategies for suppression of colon cancer. Pomegranate extract has emerged as an intriguing candidate due to its polyphenolic content.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used a 1,2-dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride (DMH)-induced rat colon carcinogenesis model to investigate the expression pattern of the main key players in Wnt signalling by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results showed that many Wnt-target genes, e.g., Wnt5a, frizzled receptor (FRZ)-8, β-catenin, T cell factor/lymphoid enhancer binding protein (Tcf4/Lef1), c-myc and cyclin D1, were up-regulated whereas adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) and axin1 exhibited down-regulation in colonic tissues of our DMH-colon cancer group compared with the normal group. Standardized pomegranate extract minimised all the aberrant alterations observed in the studied Wnt genes in colonic tissues of the DMH+pomegranate group as compared with the DMH-induced colon cancer group. This effect was also confirmed by the normalization of survival rate, inhibition of tumour incidence and a reduction of serum tumour marker carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level. Histopathological observations provided supportive evidence for the biochemical and molecular analyses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Standardized pomegranate extract holds great promise in the field of colon cancer prevention by dietary agents.
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Eini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt. nerminsadik@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Nermin Abdel Hamid
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Sadik
authors.forename: Olfat Gamil
authors.initials: OG
authors.lastname: Shaker
mesh_terms: D019813:1,2-Dimethylhydrazine; D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000818:Animals; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000032:analysis*; D002273:Carcinogens; D003106:Colon / Q000473:pathology; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D029561:Lythraceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D051153:Wnt Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D002273:Carcinogens; D010936:Plant Extracts; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D019813:1,2-Dimethylhydrazine