title: Evolutionary change driven by metal exposure as revealed by coding SNP genome scan in wild yellow perch (Perca flavescens).
abstract: Pollution can drive rapid evolutionary change in wild populations. This study targets functional polymorphisms of chronically metal-contaminated wild yellow perch (Perca flavescens). A de novo transcriptome scan contrasted subsets of individuals from clean (n = 16) and contaminated (n = 16) lakes to identify 87 candidate annotated coding SNPs. Candidate genotypes and liver [metal] were obtained in 10 populations (n = 1,052) and a genome scan distinguished outliers: one nuclear (cyclin G1 gene) and two mitochondrial (cytochrome b and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 genes) also displaying allelic correlation to mean population [cadmium]. Whole mtDNA and 17 kb surrounding cyclin G1 were characterised through 454 sequencing thus revealing two non-synonymous substitutions involving dissimilar amino acids. Based on associated functions and inter-population differentiation, contaminated perch may have been selected for fast life cycle completion (p53 pathway) and memorization impairment mitigation (long-term potentiation pathway). In accordance with predicted evolutionary trajectory for stressed and energy deprived organisms, adapted perch would not compensate for repair mechanism inhibition, instead reallocating energy towards growth and favouring inexpensive impairment mitigation adaptations over costly detoxification. Overall, 85 years of selection could have driven rapid, potentially adaptive evolution by selecting alleles increasing perch fitness in polluted environments.
authors.affiliation: Département de Biologie, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, 1030 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada. sebastien.belanger-deschenes.1@ulaval.ca
authors.forename: Sébastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bélanger-Deschênes
authors.forename: Patrice
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Couture
authors.forename: Peter G C
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Louis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bernatchez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019187:Cadmium Compounds / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D056766:Cyclin G1; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005618:Fresh Water; D016678:Genome; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D008018:Life Cycle Stages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010471:Perches / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D012641:Selection, Genetic; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D019187:Cadmium Compounds; D056766:Cyclin G1; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D003300:Copper