title: ABCC1, an ATP binding cassette protein from grape berry, transports anthocyanidin 3-O-Glucosides.
abstract: Accumulation of anthocyanins in the exocarp of red grapevine (Vitis vinifera) cultivars is one of several events that characterize the onset of grape berry ripening (véraison). Despite our thorough understanding of anthocyanin biosynthesis and regulation, little is known about the molecular aspects of their transport. The participation of ATP binding cassette (ABC) proteins in vacuolar anthocyanin transport has long been a matter of debate. Here, we present biochemical evidence that an ABC protein, ABCC1, localizes to the tonoplast and is involved in the transport of glucosylated anthocyanidins. ABCC1 is expressed in the exocarp throughout berry development and ripening, with a significant increase at véraison (i.e., the onset of ripening). Transport experiments using microsomes isolated from ABCC1-expressing yeast cells showed that ABCC1 transports malvidin 3-O-glucoside. The transport strictly depends on the presence of GSH, which is cotransported with the anthocyanins and is sensitive to inhibitors of ABC proteins. By exposing anthocyanin-producing grapevine root cultures to buthionine sulphoximine, which reduced GSH levels, a decrease in anthocyanin concentration is observed. In conclusion, we provide evidence that ABCC1 acts as an anthocyanin transporter that depends on GSH without the formation of an anthocyanin-GSH conjugate.
authors.affiliation: University of Zurich, Institute of Plant Biology, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Rita Maria
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Francisco
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Regalado
authors.forename: Agnès
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ageorges
authors.forename: Bo J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Burla
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bassin
authors.forename: Cornelia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Eisenach
authors.forename: Olfa
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Zarrouk
authors.forename: Sandrine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vialet
authors.forename: Thérèse
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Marlin
authors.forename: Maria Manuela
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Chaves
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Martinoia
authors.forename: Réka
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nagy
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D001692:Biological Transport; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D005638:Fruit / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D005960:Glucosides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D007425:Intracellular Membranes / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D015394:Molecular Structure; D027425:ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010802:Phylogeny; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D014617:Vacuoles / Q000378:metabolism; D027843:Vitis / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D005960:Glucosides; D005978:Glutathione; D027425:ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins; D010940:Plant Proteins