title: The unexpected roles of eukaryotic translation elongation factors in RNA virus replication and pathogenesis.
abstract: The prokaryotic translation elongation factors were identified as essential cofactors for RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity of the bacteriophage Qβ more than 40 years ago. A growing body of evidence now shows that eukaryotic translation elongation factors (eEFs), predominantly eEF1A, acting in partially characterized complexes sometimes involving additional eEFs, facilitate virus replication. The functions of eEF1A as a protein chaperone and an RNA- and actin-binding protein enable its "moonlighting" roles as a virus replication cofactor. A diverse group of viruses, from human immunodeficiency type 1 and West Nile virus to tomato bushy stunt virus, have adapted to use eEFs as cofactors for viral transcription, translation, assembly, and pathogenesis. Here we review the mechanisms used by viral pathogens to usurp these abundant cellular proteins for their replication.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Dongsheng
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Catherine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Abbott
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Harrich
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D039642:Eukaryotic Initiation Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016679:Genome, Viral; D006801:Humans; D020648:Peptide Elongation Factor 1 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011487:Protein Conformation; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D021122:Protein Subunits / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012328:RNA Viruses / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017864:Tombusvirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology; D019065:Virus Assembly; D014779:Virus Replication; D014902:West Nile virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: C094814:EEF1A1 protein, human; D039642:Eukaryotic Initiation Factors; D020648:Peptide Elongation Factor 1; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D021122:Protein Subunits; D012367:RNA, Viral