title: Acute inflammation induced by the biopsy of mouse mammary tumors promotes the development of metastasis.
abstract: Development of metastasis in peripheral tissues is a major problem in the fight to cure breast cancer. Although it is becoming evident that chronic inflammation can contribute to tumor progression and metastasis, the effect of acute inflammation in primary tumor is less known. Using mouse models for breast cancer here we show that biopsy of mammary tumors increases the frequency of lung metastases. This effect is associated with the recruitment of inflammatory cells to the lung and elevated levels of certain cytokines such as IL-6 in the lung airways. Antiinflammatory treatment prior to and after the biopsy reduces the development of metastases triggered by the biopsy. In addition, while lack of IL-6 does not affect primary tumor development, it protects from increasing number of metastases upon biopsy. Thus, our studies show that in addition to chronic inflammation, acute immune response caused by invasive procedures in the primary tumor may cause an increased risk on peripheral metastases, but the risk could be decreased by anti-inflammatory treatments.
authors.affiliation: Division of Immunobiology, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hobson
authors.forename: Phani
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gummadidala
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Silverstrim
authors.forename: Dore
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Grier
authors.forename: Janice
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bunn
authors.forename: Ted
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: James
authors.forename: Mercedes
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rincon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001706:Biopsy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary; D015674:Mammary Neoplasms, Animal / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000188:drug therapy; D047368:Tumor Burden
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D015850:Interleukin-6; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens