title: Adverse events and complications associated with intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF agents: a review of literature.
abstract: Intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents is increasingly used for the treatment of a wide variety of retinal diseases, including age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy and retinal vascular occlusions, and retinopathy of prematurity. Despite encouraging results in halting the disease and improving the vision, intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF agents may be associated with systemic adverse events and devastating ocular complications. In this review, we provide an overview of safety data for intravitreal injection of common anti-VEGF agents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Research Center, Rassoul Akram Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. drghasemi@yahoo.com
authors.forename: K Ghasemi
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Falavarjani
authors.forename: Q D
authors.initials: QD
authors.lastname: Nguyen
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced; D006801:Humans; D058449:Intravitreal Injections / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A