title: Noninvasive three-dimensional live imaging methodology for the spindles at meiosis and mitosis.
abstract: The spindle plays a crucial role in normal chromosome alignment and segregation during meiosis and mitosis. Studying spindles in living cells noninvasively is of great value in assisted reproduction technology (ART). Here, we present a novel spindle imaging methodology, full-field optical coherence tomography (FF-OCT). Without any dye labeling and fixation, we demonstrate the first successful application of FF-OCT to noninvasive three-dimensional (3-D) live imaging of the meiotic spindles within the mouse living oocytes at metaphase II as well as the mitotic spindles in the living zygotes at metaphase and telophase. By post-processing of the 3-D dataset obtained with FF-OCT, the important morphological and spatial parameters of the spindles, such as short and long axes, spatial localization, and the angle of meiotic spindle deviation from the first polar body in the oocyte were precisely measured with the spatial resolution of 0.7 μm. Our results reveal the potential of FF-OCT as an imaging tool capable of noninvasive 3-D live morphological analysis for spindles, which might be useful to ART related procedures and many other spindle related studies.
authors.affiliation: Tsinghua University, Department of Physics and State Key Lab of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Beijing 100084, China.
authors.forename: Jing-gao
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Tiancheng
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Huo
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Tianyuan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chengming
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Fengying
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Danyu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Dieyan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Wanyun
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Jia-lin
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Xue
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008540:Meiosis / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D008938:Mitosis / Q000502:physiology*; D009865:Oocytes / Q000166:cytology; D008941:Spindle Apparatus / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000379:methods*; D015053:Zygote / Q000166:cytology