title: Surfactant-dependent macrophage response to polypyrrole-based coatings electrodeposited on Ti6Al7Nb alloy.
abstract: In this study, polypyrrole (PPy) films were successfully synthesized on Ti6Al7Nb alloy by potentiostatic polymerization in the presence of poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (NaPSS), t-octylphenoxy polyethoxyethanol (Triton X-100) and N-dodecyl-β-D-maltoside (DM) surfactants. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis of the PPy/surfactant composite films revealed a granular structure characterized by a lower surface roughness than un-modified PPy films. The results demonstrated that addition of surfactants, namely Triton X-100 and DM, can improve electrochemical film stability and corrosion resistance. Further, Triton X-100 enhanced the adhesive strength of PPy films to the substrate. The surfactant type also showed a great influence on the surface wettability, the highest hydrophilic character being observed in the case of PPy/PSS film. Few studies have been devoted to the elucidation of inflammatory cell response to PPy-based materials. Therefore, RAW 264.7 macrophages were cultured on PPy-surfactant films to determine whether they elicit a differential cell behavior in terms of cell adhesion, proliferation, cellular morphology and cytokine secretion. Our results highlight the dependence of macrophage response on the surfactants used in the pyrrole polymerization process and suggest that the immune response to biomaterials coated with PPy films might be controlled by the choice of surfactant molecules.
authors.affiliation: University Polytechnica of Bucharest, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, Bucharest, Romania.
authors.forename: Mihaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mindroiu
authors.forename: Raluca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ion
authors.forename: Cristian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pirvu
authors.forename: Anisoara
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cimpean
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D017830:Octoxynol / Q000737:chemistry; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000737:chemistry; D013451:Sulfonic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D017155:Wettability
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D016207:Cytokines; D011108:Polymers; D011758:Pyrroles; D013451:Sulfonic Acids; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; C070282:Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy; C067635:polypyrrole; D017830:Octoxynol; D014025:Titanium; C077114:styrenesulfonic acid polymer