title: Community knowledge and perceptions about indoor residual spraying for malaria prevention in Soroti district, Uganda: a cross-sectional study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Malaria is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Uganda. The Ministry of Health (MoH) plans to scale up indoor residual spraying (IRS) for malaria vector control. However, there is limited information on community knowledge and perceptions towards IRS. This study assessed community knowledge and perceptions about IRS in Soroti district, eastern Uganda.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was cross-sectional and it covered 770 randomly selected households in urban and rural settings in Soroti district, Eastern Uganda. The respondents were heads of household and or their proxies. The data were collected on the sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge of the insecticides that could be used for IRS, parts of the houses that would be sprayed, importance of IRS, role of household heads in IRS programme, frequency and the time of spraying. Responses to the questions on these areas were used to create a composite dependent variable categorized as knowledgeable if they had responded correctly to at least three questions or not knowledgeable about IRS if they responded correctly to less than three questions. In addition, respondents were asked if they thought the IRS programme would be beneficial or not. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were carried out using SPSS version 17.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Less than half, (48.6%, 374/770) of the respondents were knowledgeable about IRS. Urban residents (AOR 1.92, 95% CI 1.04-3.56) and those with secondary education or higher (AOR 4.81, 95% CI 2.72-8.52) were knowledgeable about IRS. Three-quarters, (74.4%, 354/473) of respondents who had ever heard of IRS, perceived it as beneficial. Two-thirds, (66.4%, 314/473) reported that IRS would have negative effects. Respondents who reported that, IRS programme is beneficial were: 23 years or older (AOR 2.17, 95% CI 1.07-4.38), had attained secondary education or higher (AOR 2.16, 95% CI 1.22-3.83) and were knowledgeable about IRS (AOR 2.21, 95% CI 1.17-4.17).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Knowledge about IRS is inadequate and negative perceptions about its use are prominent especially among the rural and less educated individuals. To ensure householders' cooperation and participation in the IRS programme, adequate community mobilization and sensitization is needed prior to use of IRS for effective malaria control.
authors.affiliation: Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda. ediau2000@yahoo.co.uk
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ediau
authors.forename: Juliet N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Babirye
authors.forename: Nazarius M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Tumwesigye
authors.forename: Joseph K B
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Matovu
authors.forename: Simba
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Machingaidze
authors.forename: Olico
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Okui
authors.forename: Rhoda K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Wanyenze
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Waiswa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007306:Insecticides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008288:Malaria / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D009032:Mosquito Control / Q000379:methods*; D014454:Uganda; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides