title: Sulfate conjugates are urinary markers of inhalation exposure to 4-chlorobiphenyl (PCB3).
abstract: PCBs are contaminants in the air of older buildings and cities, which raises the concern of inhalation exposure. No reliable biomarker of such exposure is available. We exposed rats to air containing 2 mg/m(3) PCB3 via nose-only inhalation for 2 h, collected urine, and analyzed it by LC/MS. Each rat inhaled an estimated dose of 35 μg PCB3, and excreted 27 ± 2% of it as sulfates within 24 h. Peak excretion occurred within 6 h. PCB sulfates were stable in urine for at least three days at room temperature without chemical preservatives. These data support the use of PCB sulfate conjugates as suitable urinary biomarkers of PCB3 and other airborne PCBs.
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology and Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA.
authors.forename: Kiran
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dhakal
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Adamcakova-Dodd
authors.forename: Hans-Joachim
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lehmler
authors.forename: Peter S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Thorne
authors.forename: Larry W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Robertson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000652:urine; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D019570:Inhalation Exposure; D015394:Molecular Structure; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013431:Sulfates / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D013431:Sulfates; C006983:4-chlorobiphenyl