title: A randomized controlled trial of multimodal music therapy for children with anxiety disorders.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Music therapy has been shown to be effective for children with psychopathology, providing an alternative nonverbal approach to the treatment of children with anxiety disorders.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This pilot study investigates the efficacy of Multimodal Music Therapy (MMT), a combination of music therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy, compared to treatment as usual (TAU).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six children aged 8-12 years with a primary diagnosis of an anxiety disorder were randomly assigned to 15 sessions of MMT or to TAU. Diagnostic status and dimensional outcome variables were assessed at the end of treatment and 4 months later.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MMT was superior compared to TAU according to the remission rates after treatment (MMT 67%; TAU 33%; chi2 = 4.0; p = 0.046) and remissions persisted until four months post-treatment. Dimensional measures showed equivalent improvement after either MMT or TAU.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results regarding the efficacy of MMT are promising for children with anxiety disorders. Further evaluation with larger samples and comparisons to pure CBT are recommended.
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent, Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University Ulm.
authors.forename: Lutz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Goldbeck
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ellerkamp
mesh_terms: D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D002648:Child; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009147:Music Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D016896:Treatment Outcome