title: Profiling the potential tumor markers of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma using 2D-DIGE and MALDI-TOF-MS: up-regulation of Complement C3 and alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal disease with an increasing incidence worldwide. Due to lack of early diagnosis and poor prognosis, it is rather critical to improve the early diagnosis of PDAC. A comparative proteomic method was used to analyze serum proteins to find a new potential specific marker.
  
  
  METHODS
  Comparative analysis of the pancreatic peripheral blood protein profiling from 40 pancreatic cancer patients, 10 pancreatic benign tumor patients, 10 chronic pancreatitis patients and 40 cancer-free controls. The samples were carried out by 2D-differential gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) and differentially expressed proteins were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Two up-regulated proteins were further validation by real time RT-PCR, Western blot analysis and Immunohistochemistry (IHC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified fourteen differently expressed proteins in PDAC group compared with cancer-free control group, including 9 up-regulation and 5 down-regulation proteins. Increased Complement C3 and alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein (AHSG) were further confirmed by real time RT-PCR, Western blot analysis and IHC. The expressions of Complement C3 and AHSG were higher in PDAC than that in other groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that Complement C3 and AHSG might be the potential tumor markers in PDAC screening and diagnosis. The finding of inflammation mediated factor Complement C3 revealed that inflammation might be closely related with the occurrence and development process of PDAC.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, 17 Lujiang Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, China. ch_jiong@126.com
authors.forename: Jiong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Longjiang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Hangcheng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Renbao
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Liwei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D021441:Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003176:Complement C3 / Q000032:analysis* / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015536:Down-Regulation; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D050500:Pancreatitis, Chronic / Q000097:blood; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; D015854:Up-Regulation; D060749:alpha-2-HS-Glycoprotein / Q000032:analysis* / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D003176:Complement C3; D060749:alpha-2-HS-Glycoprotein