title: Cationic polyacrylamide as coagulant aid with titanium tetrachloride for low molecule organic matter removal.
abstract: This is the first attempt to use cationic polyacrylamide (PAM) as coagulant aid with titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) to improve the coagulation performance and floc properties. Coagulation-flocculation treatment was applied to simulated water (with fulvic acid (FA) as model organic matter) for both coagulation behavior investigation and floc characterization. The effect of PAM on floc reformation properties after cyclic breakage/regrowth was also investigated. Ultrafiltration experiments were performed to investigate the influence of PAM aided TiCl4 coagulation on the membrane fouling. The results showed that organic removal was enhanced by PAM addition at low TiCl4 doses. Floc growth rate and floc size were significantly affected by dosing sequence. TiCl4-PAM significantly improved the floc strength factors (Sf) and recovery factors (Rf). The dosing sequence of TiCl4 and PAM significantly influenced the floc structure. Characterization of the flocculated sludge indicated that TiO2 with anatase structure and high photocatalytic activity could be obtained from the TiCl4-PAM flocculated sludge.
authors.affiliation: Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Y X
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: B Y
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Q B
authors.initials: QB
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Phuntsho
authors.forename: J-H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Q Y
authors.initials: QY
authors.lastname: Yue
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Shon
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D005427:Flocculation; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*; D000099166:Polyacrylamides
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D014025:Titanium; D014867:Water; D000099166:Polyacrylamides; C009495:titanium dioxide; C025096:titanium tetrachloride