title: Unilateral balance training enhances neuromuscular reactions to perturbations in the trained and contralateral limb.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of unilateral balance training on the reactive recovery of balance for both trained and untrained limbs. Twenty-three subjects were randomly assigned to either a control group (CG) or a training group (TG). The latter performed six weeks of balance training for the right leg. The pre- and post-training measurements were based on single leg standing posture on a moveable force platform which moved 6 cm anteriorly. TG subjects were tested on the trained (TR) and untrained leg (UTR), whereas CG subjects were tested on the right leg (CTR). The center of pressure trajectory length (CPLEN) and average speed (CPSPD) as well as onsets of muscular activation and time to peak (EMGTP) from lower limb muscles were calculated and compared by a 2-way ANOVA (three legs×two training status). Muscular onsets were reduced after training for TR (∼19 ms, p<0.05) and UTR (∼17 ms, p<0.05) with no significant changes for CTR. No effects of training for CPLEN and medial-lateral CPSPD were found. Furthermore, the EMGTP of UTR was predominantly greater before training (∼17 ms, p<0.05). However, after training the EMGTP was similar among limbs. These results suggest that concomitant with improved balance recovery and neuromuscular reactions in TR, there is also a cross-education effect in UTR, which might be predominantly related to supraspinal adaptations shared between interconnected structures in the brain.
authors.affiliation: Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark; The CAPES Foundation, Brazilian Education Ministry, Brasilia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Anderson Souza Castelo
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: Priscila
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brito Silva
authors.forename: Dario
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Farina
authors.forename: Uwe Gustav
authors.initials: UG
authors.lastname: Kersting
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*; D000328:Adult; D004576:Electromyography; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000502:physiology*; D011312:Pressure; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Balance training; Cross-education; Perturbations; Standing