title: The "GENESIS" of modern orthopaedics: portraits of three illustrious pioneers.
abstract: There are some key figures in medical history whose achievements can be regarded as crucial in the definition of new knowledge and in setting new standards for clinical practice. This manuscript depicts the lives and work of three eminent physicians who were forerunners in the foundation of orthopaedics as an independent medical specialty. They are: Nicholas Andry, Jean-Andrè Venel, and John Ball Brown. The first was the inventor of the name of our discipline, whereas the other two, besides being renowned practitioners, were also the founders, respectively, of the first orthopaedic institutions in Europe and the United States. Therefore, they can be included among the illustrious fathers of modern orthopaedic practice.
authors.affiliation: Biomechanics Laboratory, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Via di Barbiano n. 1/10, 40136, Bologna, Italy. berardo.dimatteo@gmail.com
authors.forename: Berardo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Di Matteo
authors.forename: Vittorio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tarabella
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Filardo
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tomba
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Viganò
authors.forename: Maurilio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marcacci
mesh_terms: D005602:France; D049671:History, 18th Century; D049672:History, 19th Century; D009985:Orthopedics / Q000266:history*; D013557:Switzerland; D014481:United States