title: DDT, DDE, and 1-hydroxypyrene levels in children (in blood and urine samples) from Chiapas and Oaxaca, Mexico.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the DDT, DDE, and 1-hydroxypyrene exposure levels of children living in communities located in southeastern Mexico. The study communities were Lacanja and Victoria in Chiapas state and Ventanilla in Oaxaca state. Children living in Lacanja had total blood DDT levels (mean ± SD, 29,039.6 ± 11,261.4 ng/g lipid) that were significantly higher than those of children in Victoria (10,220.5 ± 7,893.1 ng/g lipid) and Ventanilla (11,659.7 ± 6,683.7 ng/g lipid). With respect to the 1-hydroxypyrene levels in urine samples, the levels in Lacanja (4.8 ± 4.1 μg/L or 4.5 ± 3.9 μmol/mol creatinine) and Victoria (4.6 ± 3.8 μg/L or 3.9 ± 3.0 μmol/mol Cr) were significantly higher than levels found in Ventanilla (3.6 ± 1.4 μg/L or 2.5 ± 0.5 μmol/mol Cr). In conclusion, our data indicate high levels of exposure in children living in the communities studied in this work. The evidence found in this study could be further used as a trigger to revisit local policies on environmental exposures.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Toxicología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACYT), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, San Luis Potosí, 78210, SLP, México, ivan.perez@uaslp.mx.
authors.forename: Iván N
authors.initials: IN
authors.lastname: Pérez-Maldonado
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Trejo-Acevedo
authors.forename: Lucia Guadalupe
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Pruneda-Alvarez
authors.forename: Octavio
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gaspar-Ramirez
authors.forename: Selene
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ruvalcaba-Aranda
authors.forename: Francisco Javier
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Perez-Vazquez
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003634:DDT / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine; D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007306:Insecticides / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico; D011721:Pyrenes / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D007306:Insecticides; D011721:Pyrenes; D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene; D003634:DDT; C033146:1-hydroxypyrene