title: Association of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene polymorphism and increased serum VEGF concentration with pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND &AIM: Pancreatic cancer is related to high mortality rate. The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has a strong influence in tumor-related angiogenesis having association with the grade of angiogenesis and the prognosis of different solid tumors including pancreatic cancer. The present study was aimed to analyze the genotype and haplotype distribution of VEGF gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), -460T/C, +405G/C, +936C/T, in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma from South India, and the effect of these SNPs on serum VEGF level.
  
  
  METHODS
  Total 80 patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma and 87 controls were recruited. The genotype of VEGF gene polymorphisms was determined in both patients and controls using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. The serum VEGF protein was estimated by standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The genotype, +405G/G of VEGF gene showed a significant association with the patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma (P = 0.012, Odds ratio: 2.133), whereas no significant difference was found in the genotype distribution of SNPs, -460C/T and +936C/T between patient and control groups (P > 0.05). Serum VEGF level was found to be significantly high in patients (1315.10 pg/Ml, SD ± 230.79) when compared to controls (591.35 pg/mL, SD ± 92.48) (P < 0.0001), which showed a strong genotype-phenotype correlation between genotype +405G/G and serum VEGF level. Further, the haplotype C-G-T showed a strong association with the disease, and no specific haplotype was associated with increased serum VEGF level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The polymorphism, +405G/C but not -460T/C and +936C/T, of VEGF gene is strongly associated with pancreatic adenocarcinoma, and this SNP has significant influence on serum VEGF level.
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Sciences, Asian Healthcare Foundation, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Somajiguda, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. shiv.sidda@gmail.com
authors.forename: Siddapuram
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sivaprasad
authors.forename: Bale
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Govardhan
authors.forename: Ramanujam
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Harithakrishna
authors.forename: Guduru
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Venkat Rao
authors.forename: Rebala
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pradeep
authors.forename: Bharadhwaj
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kunal
authors.forename: Nalla
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ramakrishna
authors.forename: Shekaran
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Anuradha
authors.forename: Duvvuru Nageshwar
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Reddy
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A