title: Kidney injury and alterations of inflammatory cytokine expressions in mice following long-term exposure to cerium chloride.
abstract: It has been demonstrated that the organic damages of animals can be caused by exposure to lanthanide oxides or compounds. However, the molecular mechanism of CeCl3 -induced kidney injury remains unclear. In this study, the mechanism of nephric damage in mice induced by an intragastric administration of CeCl3 was investigated. The results showed that Ce(3+) was accumulated in the kidney, which in turn led to oxidative stress, severe nephric inflammation, and dysfunction in mice. Furthermore, CeCl3 activated nucleic factor κB, which in turn increased the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor α, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, interleukin-2, interleukin-4, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, interleukin-10, interleukin-18, interleukin-1β, cross-reaction protein, transforming growth factor-β, interferon-γ, and CYP1A1, while suppressed heat shock protein 70 expression. These findings implied that Ce(3+) -induced kidney injury of mice might be associated with oxidative stress, alteration of inflammatory cytokine expression, and reduction of detoxification of CeCl3 .
authors.affiliation: Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
authors.forename: Xuezi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sang
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ze
authors.forename: Suxin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gui
authors.forename: Xiaochun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Yuguan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ze
authors.forename: Xiaoyang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sheng
authors.forename: Qingqing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Xiaohong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Fashui
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002563:Cerium / Q000633:toxicity*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D007378:Interleukins / Q000378:metabolism; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D009393:Nephritis / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D007378:Interleukins; D002563:Cerium; C026690:cerous chloride
keywords: cerium chloride; cytokines; inflammation; kidney; oxidative stress