title: Botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and potential application of Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb.et Zucc.: a review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc. (Polygonum cuspidatum), also known as Reynoutria japonica Houtt and Huzhang in China, is a traditional and popular Chinese medicinal herb. Polygonum cuspidatum with a wide spectrum of pharmacological effects has been used for treatment of inflammation, favus, jaundice, scald, and hyperlipemia, etc.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present paper reviews the traditional applications as well as advances in botany, phytochemistry, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics and toxicology of this plant. Finally, the tendency and perspective for future investigation of this plant are discussed, too.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic review of literature about Polygonum cuspidatum is carried out using resources including classic books about Chinese herbal medicine, and scientific databases including Pubmed, SciFinder, Scopus, the Web of Science and others.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Polygonum cuspidatum is widely distributed in the world and has been used as a traditional medicine for a long history in China. Over 67 compounds including quinones, stilbenes, flavonoids, counmarins and ligans have been isolated and identified from this plant. The root of this plant is used as the effective agent in pre-clinical and clinical practice for regulating lipids, anti-endotoxic shock, anti-infection and anti-inflammation, anti-cancer and other diseases in China and Japan.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As an important traditional Chinese medicine, Polygonum cuspidatum has been used for treatment of hyperlipemia, inflammation, infection and cancer, etc. Because there is no enough systemic data about the chemical constituents and their pharmacological effects or toxicities, it is important to investigate the pharmacological effects and molecular mechanisms of this plant based on modern realization of diseases' pathophysiology. Drug target-guided and bioactivity-guided isolation and purification of the chemical constituents from this plant and subsequent evaluation of their pharmacologic effects will promote the development of new drug and make sure which chemical constituent or multiple ingredients contributes its pharmacological effects. Additionally, chemicals and their pharmacological effects of the other parts such as the aerial part of this plant should be exploited in order to avoid resource waste and find new chemical constituents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Rongxin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Xiaoli
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045468:Fallopia japonica / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008516:Medicine, Chinese Traditional; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D028321:Plant Preparations
keywords: 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate; ACAT; Botany; CCSP; Clara cell secretory protein; EBV; ERs; Epstein–Barr virus; HBV; HIV; HSV; IZ; LC; LDLC; LPS; MAGI; MBC; MIC; N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase; NAG; PCE; PV; Pharmacology; Phytochemistry; Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc.; TC; TC/HDLC; TNF; TPA; Traditional uses; VSV; VV; acyl-coenzyme A-cholesterol acyltransferase; estrogen receptors; ethanol extract of Polygonum cuspidatum; hepatitis B virus; herpes simplex virus; human immunodeficiency virus; iNOS; inducible nitric oxide synthase; inhibition zones; intraperitoneal injection; intravenous injection; ip; iv; lipopolysaccharide; liver coefficient; low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; minimal bactericidal concentration; minimal inhibitory concentration; parainfluenza virus; per os; po; sc; subcutaneous injection; ter in die; tid; total cholesterol; total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; transactivation in multinuclear activation of galactosidase indicator; tumor necrosis factor; vaccinia virus; vesicular stomatitis virus