title: Neurotransmitter-mediated control of neurogenesis in the adult vertebrate brain.
abstract: It was long thought that no new neurons are added to the adult brain. Similarly, neurotransmitter signaling was primarily associated with communication between differentiated neurons. Both of these ideas have been challenged, and a crosstalk between neurogenesis and neurotransmitter signaling is beginning to emerge. In this Review, we discuss neurotransmitter signaling as it functions at the intersection of stem cell research and regenerative medicine, exploring how it may regulate the formation of new functional neurons and outlining interactions with other signaling pathways. We consider evolutionary and cross-species comparative aspects, and integrate available results in the context of normal physiological versus pathological conditions. We also discuss the potential role of neurotransmitters in brain size regulation and implications for cell replacement therapies.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. dberg4@jhu.edu
authors.forename: Daniel A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Berg
authors.forename: Laure
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Belnoue
authors.forename: Hongjun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: András
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Simon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D059330:GABAergic Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D058953:Neural Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D055495:Neurogenesis; D009478:Neuropeptide Y / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D009929:Organ Size; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A / Q000378:metabolism; D012038:Regeneration; D009435:Synaptic Transmission; D014714:Vertebrates / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D009478:Neuropeptide Y; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A; D009569:Nitric Oxide
keywords: Adult neurogenesis; Homeostasis; Neural stem cell; Neurotransmitter; Regeneration