title: Claudin-11 and connexin-43 display altered spatial patterns of organization in men with primary seminiferous tubule failure compared with controls.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the spatial organization of two proteins involved in the Sertoli cell junctional complex in men with primary seminiferous tubule failure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical research institute.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen men total, six with meiotic arrest, seven with the Sertoli cell-only phenotype, and three with normal spermatogenesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  METHODS
  Differences in claudin-11 and connexin-43 organization as detected using confocal microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In men with primary seminiferous tubule failure, four organizational patterns (I-IV) were recognized and quantified for claudin-11. Across these patterns, claudin-11 changed from a basal filamentous staining pattern to a punctate staining pattern with diffuse localization throughout the entire epithelium. Similar changes in staining patterns for connexin-43 were observed. Major differences were seen in the spatial organization of claudin-11 and connexin-43 in tubules from control men compared with tubules with primary seminiferous tubule failure, but we observed no differences in the spatial organization of these proteins in tubules from men with meiotic arrest and Sertoli cell-only phenotypes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The spatial organization of claudin-11 and connexin-43 is altered in men with primary seminiferous tubule failure. Disorganization of the proteins composing the Sertoli cell junctional complex may be involved in the spermatogenic impairment, possibly via loss of blood-testis barrier function.
authors.affiliation: Prince Henry's Institute, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Jenna Trish
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Haverfield
authors.forename: Sarah Jayne
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Meachem
authors.forename: Moira Kathleen
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: O'Bryan
authors.forename: Robert Ian
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: McLachlan
authors.forename: Peter Gordon
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Stanton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D057167:Claudins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018031:Connexin 43 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012671:Seminiferous Tubules / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D012708:Sertoli Cells; D013091:Spermatogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: C120453:CLDN11 protein, human; D057167:Claudins; D018031:Connexin 43; C500216:GJA1 protein, human
keywords: Blood-testis barrier; Sertoli cell; infertility; spermatogenesis