title: Anomalies in ovary following oral exposure to oxytocin: mechanistic studies.
abstract: Ovarian anomalies following oral oxytocin (OT) (1 and 10 ng/100 μl) exposure of female Wistar rat pups (10-day old) for 25 days was undertaken as OT injections are illegally used for milk let down in cattle thereby causing oral exposure to human population from early age. OT exposure resulted in increased ovarian weight, γ globulin, total number of follicles, and number of corpus luteum (CLs); indicating higher ovulation. The mechanism may involve over-expression of pEGFR followed by downstream pERK1/2 and subsequently increased ovarian PGE-2 along with enhanced COX-2, HAS-2 & TSG-6 (matrix deposition proteins) and GDF-9 (oocyte factor) proteins, suggesting that oral exposure of OT may affect the physiology and function of the ovary. Further, in vitro studies showed increased internalization of OT in IEC-6 cells which further supports that orally administered OT may cause altered manifestations as shown above following internalization in mucosal membrane.
authors.affiliation: CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (IITR), Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, India.
authors.forename: Manjari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.forename: Vivek
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.forename: Bhushan P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Chaudhuri
authors.forename: Vinay K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Khanna
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mehrotra
authors.forename: Shakir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: Mukul
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Das
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D002460:Cell Line; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005916:Globulins / Q000378:metabolism; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D010053:Ovary / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D010060:Ovulation / Q000187:drug effects; D010121:Oxytocin / Q000633:toxicity*; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000378:metabolism; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D005916:Globulins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D010121:Oxytocin; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C489691:Ptgs2 protein, rat; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; C483803:Egfr protein, rat; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D015232:Dinoprostone
keywords: CLs; Corpus leuteum; DMEM; Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium; GCs; Granulosa cells; IEC-6; Intestinal epithelial cells; OT; OTR; Ovulation; Oxytocin; Oxytocin receptor; PVN; Paraventricular nucleus; SGF; Simulated gastric fluid; pERK1/2