title: Evaluation of the adverse reactions of antiretroviral drug regimens in a tertiary care hospital.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Antiretroviral toxicity is an increasingly important issue in the management of HIV-infected patients. The objective of our study was to evaluate the toxicity profile of currently used antiretroviral regimens and to compare these toxicities among males and females.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis with a one year follow-up was done at a tertiary care hospital by reviewing the record. Patients who were >18 years of age attending the hospital and were initiated an antiretroviral drug regimen were included in the analysis. Data regarding demographic details, medical history, details of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection including most recent CD4 count, details of antiretroviral therapy (ART) collected from patient's records. Adverse drug reactions were recorded by reviewing patient records.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 99 patients were included in study. Among them, 71 (71.7%) were males and 28(28.3%) were females. Common adverse effects observed included anemia (58.6%), pruritus(23.2%), skin rash(18.2%), hypertriglyceridemia(15.2%), and hepatitis (60.6%), peripheral neuropathy (14.1%). Prevalence of skin rash was more in females than males, the difference being statistically significant. Pruritus was also commonly seen in females than males though the difference observed in our study is statistically insignificant. Hypertriglyceridemia was more in males compared to females, the difference is statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The most common adverse effects associated with currently used ART regimens are anemia, hepatic toxicity, itching, skin rash, elevated triglycerides, and peripheral neuropathy. Gender differences were seen mainly with skin rash, which was significantly more in females.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Zahoor A
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Rather
authors.forename: Mukta N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Chowta
authors.forename: G J K
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Prakash Raju
authors.forename: Faheem
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mubeen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000740:Anemia / Q000139:chemically induced*; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000209:etiology; D005076:Exanthema / Q000139:chemically induced*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010523:Peripheral Nervous System Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D062606:Tertiary Care Centers; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents; D014280:Triglycerides
keywords: Adverse effects; HIV; antiretroviral therapy