title: An assessment of validity and responsiveness of generic measures of health-related quality of life in hearing impairment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This review examines psychometric performance of three widely used generic preference-based measures, that is, EuroQol 5 dimensions (EQ-5D), Health Utility Index 3 (HUI3) and Short-form 6 dimensions (SF-6D) in patients with hearing impairments.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic search was undertaken to identify studies of patients with hearing impairments where health state utility values were measured and reported. Data were extracted and analysed to assess the reliability, validity (known group differences and convergent validity) and responsiveness of the measures across hearing impairments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fourteen studies (18 papers) were included in the review. HUI3 was the most commonly used utility measures in hearing impairment. In all six studies, the HUI3 detected difference between groups defined by the severity of impairment, and four out of five studies detected statistically significant changes as a result of intervention. The only study available suggested that EQ-5D only had weak ability to discriminate difference between severity groups, and in four out of five studies, EQ-5D failed to detected changes. Only one study involved the SF-6D; thus, the information is too limited to conclude on its performance. Also evidence for the reliability of these measures was not found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, the validity and responsiveness of the HUI3 in hearing impairment was good. The responsiveness of EQ-5D was relatively poor and weak validity was suggested by limited evidence. The evidence on SF-6D was too limited to make any judgment. More head-to-head comparisons of these and other preference measures of health are required.
authors.affiliation: Health Economics Research Group, Brunel University, Uxbridge, UK, yaling.yang@brunel.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Yaling
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Longworth
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brazier
mesh_terms: D006305:Health Status Indicators; D034381:Hearing Loss / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*