title: Simultaneous multislice excitation by parallel transmission.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A technique is described for simultaneous multislice (SMS) excitation using radiofrequency (RF) parallel transmission (pTX).
  
  
  METHODS
  Spatially distinct slices are simultaneously excited by applying different RF frequencies on groups of elements of a multichannel transmit array. The localized transmit sensitivities of the coil geometry are thereby exploited to reduce RF power. The method is capable of achieving SMS-excitation using single-slice RF pulses, or multiband pulses. SMS-pTX is demonstrated using eight-channel parallel RF transmission on a dual-ring pTX coil at 3 T. The effect on B(1)(+) homogeneity and specific absorption rate (SAR) is evaluated experimentally and by simulations. Slice-GRAPPA reconstruction was used for separation of the collapsed slice signals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Phantom and in vivo brain data acquired with fast low-angle shot (FLASH) and blipped-controlled aliasing results in higher acceleration (CAIPIRINHA) echo-planar imaging are presented at SMS excitation factors of two, four, and six. We also show that with our pTX coil design, slice placement, and binary division of transmitters, SMS-pTX excitations can achieve the same mean flip angles excitations at ∼30% lower RF power than a conventional SMS approach with multiband RF pulses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The proposed SMS-pTX allows SMS excitations at reduced RF power by exploiting the local B(1)(+) sensitivities of suitable multielement pTX arrays.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.
authors.forename: Benedikt A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Poser
authors.forename: Robert James
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Bastien
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Guérin
authors.forename: Kawin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Setsompop
authors.forename: Weiran
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Azma
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mareyam
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Serano
authors.forename: Lawrence L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Wald
authors.forename: V Andrew
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Stenger
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
keywords: GRAPPA; SMS-pTX; parallel RF transmission; simultaneous multislice excitation