title: Removal of natural hormones in dairy farm wastewater using reactive and sorptive materials.
abstract: The objective of this study was to examine the oestrogen and androgen hormone removal efficiency of reactive (Connelly zero-valent iron (ZVI), Gotthart Maier ZVI) and sorptive (AquaSorb 101 granular activated carbon (GAC) and OrganoLoc PM-100 organoclay (OC)) materials from HPLC grade water and constructed wetland system (CWS) treated dairy farm wastewater. Batch test studies were performed and hormone concentration analysis carried out using highly sensitive reporter gene assays (RGAs). The results showed that hormonal interaction with these materials is selective for individual classes of hormones. Connelly ZVI and AquaSorb 101 GAC were more efficient in removing testosterone (Te) than 17β-estradiol (E2) and showed faster removal rates of oestrogen and androgen than the other materials. Gotthart Maier ZVI was more efficient in removing E2 than Te. OrganoLoc PM-100 OC achieved the lowest final concentration of E2 equivalent (EEQ) and provided maximum removal of both oestrogens and androgens.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, BT9 5AG Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Debra H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: Christopher T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Elliott
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muller
authors.forename: Marie-Louise
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Scippo
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Connolly
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003612:Dairying; D017930:Genes, Reporter / Q000235:genetics; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008156:Luciferases; D062065:Wastewater / Q000032:analysis*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones; D007501:Iron; D008156:Luciferases; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Dairy farm wastewater; Granular activated carbon; Organoclay; Reporter gene assay; Sorption; Zero-valent iron