title: Bone disease during chronic antiepileptic drug therapy: general versus specific risk factors.
abstract: An increasing number of studies suggest a direct effect of antiepileptic drug (AED) therapy on bone health: Patients on chronic AED therapy may have an increased risk of fractures, reduced bone mineral density, osteopenia, and osteoporosis. In an attempt to distinguish general and specific risk factors, this review examines the available empirical research. The pathophysiology is discussed and guidelines for early detection and treatment options are proposed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Beerhorst
authors.forename: Sylvie J M
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: van der Kruijs
authors.forename: Pauline
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Verschuure
authors.forename: I Y Francis
authors.initials: IY
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Albert P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Aldenkamp
mesh_terms: D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015519:Bone Density; D001847:Bone Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control; D016208:Databases, Factual / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants
keywords: Anticonvulsant; Bone disease; Bone mineral density; Epilepsy; Fracture risk; Osteopenia; Osteoporosis; Rickets