title: Is plasma alpha-tocopherol associated with electronegative LDL in obese adolescents?
abstract: Obesity has increased in children and adolescents. What is reflected in the early occurrence of cardiometabolic alterations, like hypertension and type 2 diabetes, where the oxLDL formation is stimulated. Various studies have shown that plasma α-tocopherol (α-TP) can protect LDL against oxidation. Nevertheless, the action of plasma α-TP in cardiovascular diseases remains controversial. We conducted a cross-sectional study to evaluate plasma α-TP and its impact on the concentration of LDL(-). Adolescents (n=150) of both sexes were classified into three groups: healthy weight (HW; 50%), overweight (OV; 22%), and obese (OB; 28%). Lipid profile, LDL(-), anti-oxLDL and anti-LDL(-) antibodies, CRP (ELISA) and plasma α-TP (HPLC) were analyzed. Demographic, anthropometric, and food intake data were evaluated. Crude and energy-adjusted intake of vitamin E in the OB group were higher than in the HW group (p<0.001). Crude and energy-adjusted vitamin E intakes were not correlated with plasma α-TP (r=-0.07; p=0.412 and r=-0.064; p=0.467, respectively). Subjects in the OB group had higher TC and LDL-C and lower HDL-C than in the HW and OV groups. C-reactive protein and anti-oxLDL antibodies changed as a function of BMI. The impact of obesity was reinforced by high values for LDL(-) and low content of plasma α-TP in comparison with the HW (p<0.001) and OV groups (p=0.03). This negative profile was maintained for the ratio between α-TP and TC or LDL-C. Plasma α-TP, α-TP/TC and α-TP/LDL-C were negatively associated with LDL(-) and other cardiometabolic risk factors (BMI, WC, AC and anti-oxLDL). Our results demonstrate that obesity in adolescents is associated with high levels of LDL(-) and low plasma α-TP content.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil. tande.isis@gmail.com
authors.forename: Isis Tande da
authors.initials: IT
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Ana Paula de Queiroz
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Mello
authors.forename: Letícia Bertoldi
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Sanches
authors.forename: Dulcineia Saes Parra
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Abdalla
authors.forename: Nágila Raquel Teixeira
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Damasceno
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000886:Anthropometry; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002648:Child; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D050177:Overweight / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol