title: Survey on knowledge and attitudes related to the relation between tobacco, alcohol abuse and cancer in the northern state of Sudan.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiology of tobacco smoking, toombak dipping and alcohol consumption as risk factors for cancer in the adult population of the northern state of Sudan.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional survey from March to April 2010, covering 963 adults, was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only 207 had responded, and the male female prevalence was 20.8% and 0.73%. Out of 207 respondents, 29.5% had smoked tobacco in their lifetime, 38% were toombak dippers, while 14% were consumers of alcoholic beverages.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of toombak dipping was higher than tobacco smoking among the adult population in the northern state of Sudan. Female participation in tobacco and alcohol related studies was found to suffer from major obstacles since these habits are considered as social stigma. Appreciation of the full impact of smoking on population health will definitely make a major contribution to improvement of the poor public health situation in Sudan.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Saudi Arabia. Hussaingad1972@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Hussain Gadelkarim
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Ahmed
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000150:complications*; D001294:Attitude to Health; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D011379:Prognosis; D013397:Sudan; D055815:Young Adult; D014026:Nicotiana