title: [18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose accumulation as a biological marker of hypoxic status but not glucose transport ability in gastric cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The use of [18F] 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) for detection of gastric cancer is often debated because FDG uptake varies for each patient. The purpose of this study was to clarify the molecular mechanisms involved in FDG uptake.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty patients with gastric cancer who underwent FDG-PET and gastrectomy were studied. Snap-frozen tumor specimens were collected and examined by real-time PCR for relationships between maximum standardized uptake value (SUV) and mRNA expression of the following genes: glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), hexokinase 2 (HK2), hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α), and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tumor size was the only clinicopathological parameter that significantly correlated with SUV. Transcripts for the genes evaluated were about three-fold higher in malignant specimens than in normal mucosa, although only HIF1α was significantly correlated with SUV. When divided into intestinal and non-intestinal tumors, there was a significant correlation between SUV and tumor size in intestinal tumors. Interestingly, the weak association between SUV and HIF1α expression in intestinal tumors was substantially stronger in non-intestinal tumors. No correlation was found between SUV and mRNA expression of other genes in intestinal or non-intestinal tumors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SUV was correlated with HIF1α, but not PCNA, HK2, or GLUT1 expression. FDG accumulation could therefore represent tissue hypoxia rather than glucose transport activity for aggressive cancer growth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kagawa University, Miki, Kita, Kagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryusuke
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Takebayashi
authors.forename: Kunihiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Izuishi
authors.forename: Yuka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Reiko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kameyama
authors.forename: Hirohito
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Masaki
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suzuki
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001692:Biological Transport; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 / Q000378:metabolism*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005952:Glucose-6-Phosphatase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006593:Hexokinase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D047368:Tumor Burden
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D006593:Hexokinase; D005952:Glucose-6-Phosphatase; D005947:Glucose