title: A survey of birthmarks and cutaneous skin lesions in newborns.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prevalence of birthmarks and cutaneous skin lesions in newborns vary among sex and race. There are limited reports of birthmarks and cutaneous lesions among Thai neonates.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of birthmarks and cutaneous lesions in Thai newborns and evaluate the association between age, gender maturity, route of delivery, birth weight and skin lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  All of the subjects were healthy newborn infants, who were born between September 2008 to September 2009. They were enrolled and examined for cutaneous lesions by two dermatologists.
  
  
  RESULTS
  574 neonates were included in this report. The most common pigmentary birthmarks were Mongolian spots (100%), followed by congenital melanocytic nevi (2.4%) and Cafe-au-lait spots (0.3%). The most common vascular birthmarks were salmon patch (16.6%), hemangiomas (0.30%) and vascular malformations (0.3%). Among the cutaneous lesions; the three most common skin lesions were sebaceous gland hyperplasia (78%), Epstein's pearls (71.3%), and erythema toxicum neonatorum (46.5%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mongolian spot was the most frequent birthmark while sebaceous gland hyperplasia was the most frequent cutaneous lesions found among Thai neonates. The prevalence of the cutaneous lesions of newborns differ among countries could possibly be due to race, the age of the infants and the period of observation of the study subjects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakhon Nayok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Suthida
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chaithirayanon
authors.forename: Amornsri
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chunharas
mesh_terms: D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000151:congenital* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000151:congenital / Q000453:epidemiology; D013785:Thailand / Q000453:epidemiology