title: Interleukin-19 in breast cancer.
abstract: Inflammatory cytokines within the tumor microenvironment are linked to progression in breast cancer. Interleukin- (IL-) 19, part of the IL-10 family, contributes to a range of diseases and disorders, such as asthma, endotoxic shock, uremia, psoriasis, and rheumatoid arthritis. IL-19 is expressed in several types of tumor cells, especially in squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, tongue, esophagus, and lung and invasive duct carcinoma of the breast. In breast cancer, IL-19 expression is correlated with increased mitotic figures, advanced tumor stage, higher metastasis, and poor survival. The mechanisms of IL-19 in breast cancer have recently been explored both in vitro and in vivo. IL-19 has an autocrine effect in breast cancer cells. It directly promotes proliferation and migration and indirectly provides a microenvironment for tumor progression, which suggests that IL-19 is a prognostic marker in breast cancer and that antagonizing IL-19 may have therapeutic potential.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Research, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ying-Yin
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chien-Feng
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ching-Hua
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.forename: Ming-Shi
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Chung-Hsi
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Hsing
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D002465:Cell Movement; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007378:Interleukins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D011379:Prognosis; D016019:Survival Analysis; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C421250:IL19 protein, human; D007378:Interleukins