title: Antioxidant activity, lipophilicity and extractability of polyphenols from pig skin - development of analytical methods for skin permeation studies.
abstract: Permeation of polyphenols through the stratum corneum barrier is a precondition for the protective action of polyphenols against oxidative skin damage. Prior to in vitro skin permeation experiments, we developed a method for the quantification of polyphenols in pig skin, including organic solvent extraction and HPLC analysis. Catechine hydrate, epigallocatechin gallate, trans-resveratrol, quercetin, rutin and protocatechuic acid were chosen for this study as representatives of phenolics with different lipophilicity and molecular weight. The antioxidative activities of polyphenols as well as their octanol-water partition coefficients at different pH values were determined. Extraction of polyphenols from pig skin was optimized by variation of solvent composition, homogenization intensity and time, as well as partial exclusion of oxygen during extraction. The highest recovery rates could be reached by extraction with the methanol-water mixture (90:10, v/v), containing 0.2 g/L l-ascorbic acid, after the cryo-milling for 4 min. Recoveries of 72% for total phenolics, 96% for quercetin and protocatechuic acid, 90% for rutin and 74% for trans-resveratrol, were achieved. These extraction parameters will be selected for the polyphenol extraction from pig skin for further in vitro drug permeation studies.
authors.affiliation: Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging, Giggenhauser Str. 35, D-85354, Freising, Germany.
authors.forename: Olesya V
authors.initials: OV
authors.lastname: Zillich
authors.forename: Ute
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Schweiggert-Weisz
authors.forename: Katrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hasenkopf
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Eisner
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kerscher
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D010539:Permeability; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005609:Free Radicals; D059808:Polyphenols
keywords: HPLC-DAD; antioxidant power; extraction; pig skin; polyphenols