title: The presence of angiographic collaterals in non-ST elevation myocardial infarction is a predictor of long-term clinical outcomes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether the presence of angiographic coronary collaterals is a predictor of long-term clinical outcomes in patients with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The presence of coronary collaterals on angiography provides prognostic information in patients with STEMI, but it is unknown whether they provide prognostic information in patients with NSTEMI.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective cohort study of 931 consecutive patients undergoing coronary angiography of which 269 (29%) had a NSTEMI. Baseline characteristics, angiographic details, and long-term clinical outcomes including death, recurrent MI, coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG), percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), stroke, and congestive heart failure (CHF) were collected. Each clinical outcome as well as the combined endpoint of death, recurrent MI, CABG, PCI stroke and CHF was compared in subjects with and without collaterals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At one year, individuals with collaterals had significantly increased rates of the combined endpoint compared with those without (25% vs. 16%, P = 0.0001). On multivariate analysis, the presence of collaterals was a strong predictor of the combined endpoint of death, recurrent MI, CABG, PCI, stroke and CHF (HR 1.95, CI 95% 1.08-3.52; P = 0.027). Similarly, in the subset of 115 patients (43%) in whom the culprit artery was identified, the presence of collaterals was a strong negative predictor (HR 3.71, CI 1.31-10.57, P = 0.014), driven by a 13-fold increase in subsequent CABG.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with NSTEMI the presence of angiographic coronary collaterals is a predictor of long-term clinical outcomes primarily driven by increased rates of surgical revascularization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.
authors.forename: Angela M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kloepfer
authors.forename: Lewis C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Lipson
authors.forename: Ellen C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Keeley
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003097:Collateral Circulation; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D062645:Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D012042:Registries; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: coronary collaterals; non-ST elevation myocardial infarction