title: Fast and sensitive analysis of dermorphin and HYP6-dermorphin in equine plasma using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.
abstract: Dermorphin and HYP(6) -dermorphin are hepta-peptides and natural opioids originally isolated from the skin of South American frogs. They are more potent than morphine but less likely to produce drug tolerance and addiction. These properties make them ideal candidates for the doping of racehorses to enhance performance during competition. Dermorphin was recently classified as a Class I drug by Racing Commissioners International (RCI), indicating that it is a banned substance in equine athletes. To enforce this ban, a fast and sensitive method was developed for dermorphin and HYP(6)-dermorphin analysis in equine plasma. Equine plasma (2 ml) was extracted on a mixed mode cation exchange solid-phase column. After extraction, dermorphin and HYP(6)-dermorphin were separated and detected using a liquid chromatography (LC) triple quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry in positive multiple-reaction-monitoring (MRM) mode. Each analysis was 3.5 min. Four MRM transitions were used for identification of each compound. The extraction procedure was efficient and the limits of detection (LOD) were 2 pg/ml and 10 pg/ml for dermorphin and HYP(6)-dermorphin, respectively. The method has good selectivity and precision. Results of stability studies showed that both analytes were stable at low temperature. This is the first report of dermorphin and HYP(6)-dermorphin analysis in equine plasma, which could be adopted as a regular screening or confirmation method for controlling the abuse of these compounds in equine sports.
authors.affiliation: Industrial Laboratories, 4046 Youngfield Street, Wheat Ridge, CO, USA.
authors.forename: Caroline C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hartmann-Fischbach
authors.forename: Tim R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Krueger
authors.forename: Terry L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Wells
authors.forename: Amy R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Feineman
authors.forename: Joanne C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Compton
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods; D004300:Doping in Sports; D006736:Horses / Q000097:blood*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D018847:Opioid Peptides / Q000097:blood* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D018847:Opioid Peptides; C030058:dermorphin
keywords: HYP6-dermorphin; dermorphin; equine plasma; liquid chromatography; mass spectrometry; solid-phase extraction