title: Rhodiola crenulata Extract Alleviates Hypoxic Pulmonary Edema in Rats.
abstract: Sudden exposure of nonacclimatized individuals to high altitude can easily lead to high altitude illnesses. High altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) is the most lethal form of high altitude illness. The present study was designed to investigate the ability of Rhodiola crenulata extract (RCE), an herbal medicine traditionally used as an antiacute mountain sickness remedy, to attenuate hypoxia-induced pulmonary injury. Exposure of animals to hypobaric hypoxia led to a significant increase in pathological indicators for pulmonary edema, including the lung water content, disruption of the alveolar-capillary barrier, and protein-rich fluid in the lungs. In addition, hypobaric hypoxia also increased oxidative stress markers, including (ROS) production, (MDA) level, and (MPO) activity. Furthermore, overexpression of plasma (ET-1), (VEGF) in (BALF), and (HIF-1 α ) in lung tissue was also found. However, pretreatment with RCE relieved the HAPE findings by curtailing all of the hypoxia-induced lung injury parameters. These findings suggest that RCE confers effective protection for maintaining the integrity of the alveolar-capillary barrier by alleviating the elevated ET-1 and VEGF levels; it does so by reducing hypoxia-induced oxidative stress. Our results offer substantial evidence to support arguments in favor of traditional applications of Rhodiola crenulata for antihigh altitude illness.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan ; Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shih-Yu
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Min-Hui
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Li-Shian
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Hsin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: Cheng-Wen
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Tsu-Chung
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Chang