title: Hierarchical CuO nanoflowers: water-required synthesis and their application in a nonenzymatic glucose biosensor.
abstract: For the first time, a facile, one-pot water/ethanol solution-phase transformation of Cu2(NO3)(OH)3 precursors into bicomponent CuO hierarchical nanoflowers is demonstrated by a sequential in situ dissolution-precipitation formation mechanism. The first stage produces a precursory crystal (monoclinic Cu2(NO3)(OH)3) that is transformed into monoclinic CuO nanoflowers during the following stage. Water is a required reactant, and the morphology-controlled growth of CuO nanostructures can be readily achieved by adjusting the volume ratio between water and ethanol. Such a bicomponent CuO hierarchical nanoflower serving as a promising electrode material for a nonenzymatic glucose biosensor shows higher sensitivity and excellent selectivity. The findings reveal that the different Cu(x)M(y)(OH)(z) (M = acidic radical) precursors synthesized in a water/ethanol reaction environment can be utilized to obtain new forms of CuO nanomaterials, and this unique water-dependent precursor-transformation method may be used to effectively control the growth of other metal oxide nanostructures.
authors.affiliation: School of Science, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, ShaanXi, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shaodong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Xiaozhe
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yuexia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Shengchun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Xiaoping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Zhimao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry*; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques; D004566:Electrodes; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry; D005465:Fluorocarbon Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D005947:Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D005465:Fluorocarbon Polymers; D014867:Water; C040402:perfluorosulfonic acid; D000431:Ethanol; D003300:Copper; D005947:Glucose; C030973:cupric oxide