title: Nematicidal activity of nonacosane-10-ol and 23a-homostigmast-5-en-3β-ol isolated from the roots of Fumaria parviflora (Fumariaceae).
abstract: Two bioactive nematicidal phytochemicals, viz., nonacosane-10-ol and 23a-homostigmast-5-en-3β-ol, were isolated from the n-hexane fraction of the roots of Fumaria parviflora through activity-guided isolation. The structures of the compounds were elucidated using ¹³C and ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance. Activity of the two compounds against eggs and juveniles (J2s) of Meloidogyne incognita was evaluated in vitro at the concentrations of 50, 100, 150, and 200 μg mL⁻¹. Over 120 h of incubation, the cumulative percent mortality and hatch inhibition of both of the compounds tested ranged from 20 to 100% and from 15 to 95.0%, respectively. In pot trials with tomato cultivar Riogrande, the two compounds, applied as soil drenches at the concentrations of 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg, significantly decreased the nematodes and plant growth parameters. Nonacosane-10-ol and 23a-homostigmast-5-en-3β-ol reduced the numbers of galls (42.6 and 60.3), galling index (1.6 and 2.8), females per gram of root (37.3 and 57.0), eggs per gram of root (991.3 and 1273.0), reproduction factor (Rf) (0.1 and 0.2), and fresh root weight (14.33 and 17.0 g) at 300 mg/kg concentration and increased fresh shoot weight (49.0 and 48.4 g), dry shoot weight (28.0 and 25.3 g), and plant height (53.5 and 49.6 cm), respectively. These compounds could provide new insight in the search for novel nematicides against M. incognita.
authors.affiliation: The University of Agriculture , Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 25120, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Ishrat
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Naz
authors.lastname: Saifullah
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Khan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000969:Antinematodal Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002622:Chemistry, Agricultural / Q000379:methods; D005233:Fatty Alcohols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D031312:Fumaria / Q000737:chemistry*; D008018:Life Cycle Stages / Q000187:drug effects; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000469:parasitology; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010154:Pakistan; D010575:Pesticides / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D035261:Plant Components, Aerial / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000469:parasitology; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000469:parasitology; D018520:Plant Shoots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000469:parasitology; D010941:Plant Tumors / Q000469:parasitology; D013265:Stigmasterol / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D014431:Tylenchoidea / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: C000591132:23a-homostigmast-5-en-3beta-ol; D000969:Antinematodal Agents; D005233:Fatty Alcohols; D010575:Pesticides; C000591131:nonacosane-10-ol; D013265:Stigmasterol