title: Genetic diversity and structure in the Sado captive population of the Japanese crested ibis.
abstract: The Japanese crested ibis Nipponia nippon is a critically threatened bird. We assessed genetic diversity and structure in the Sado captive population of the Japanese crested ibis based on 24 and 50 microsatellite markers developed respectively for the same and related species. Of a total of 74 loci, 19 showed polymorphisms in the five founder birds of the population, and therefore were useful for the analysis of genetic diversity and structure. Genetic diversity measures, A, ne, He, Hoand PIC, obtained by genotyping of the 138 descendants were similar to those of other species with population bottlenecks, and thus considerably low. The low level of genetic diversity resulting from such bottlenecks was consistent with the results of lower genetic diversity measures for the Sado captive relative to the Chinese population that is the source population for the Sado group as determined using previously reported data and heterozygosity excess by Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium tests. Further, individual clustering based on the allele-sharing distance and Bayesian model-based clustering revealed that the founder genomes were equally at population in total, and with various admixture patterns at individual levels inherited by the descendants. The clustering results, together with the result of inheritance of all alleles of the microsatellites from the founders to descendants, suggest that planned mating in captive-breeding programs for the population has succeeded in maintaining genetic diversity and minimizing kinship. In addition, the Bayesian model-based clustering assumed two different components of genomes in the Sado captive Japanese crested ibis, supporting a considerably low level of genetic diversity.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
authors.forename: Kensuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Urano
authors.forename: Kanako
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsubono
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
authors.forename: Hirokazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.forename: Takahisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Toshie
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugiyama
authors.forename: Kosuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Homma
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kaneko
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamagishi
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iwaisaki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000836:Animals, Zoo; D001717:Birds / Q000235:genetics*; D014644:Genetic Variation; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D010802:Phylogeny