title: Vitamin D status and dietary intake in a Swedish COPD population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Emerging evidence indicates that patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have a poorer vitamin D status than the general population, possibly affecting several comorbidities. In northern latitudes, these problems could be even more accentuated in wintertime because of the low ultraviolet B radiation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the dietary intake of vitamin D and the levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D) in a COPD population compared with a reference group in Swedish settings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-eight COPD patients (forced expiratory volume in 1 s/vital capacity ratio < 0.65) recruited from the outpatient clinics at the university hospitals in Gothenburg and Uppsala, Sweden were included in this cross-sectional study. The reference group (149 individuals) was randomly selected from the Swedish National Registry. The serum concentrations of 25-OH-D, intact parathyroid hormone, creatinine and calcium were measured. A trained dietitian conducted a dietary history interview to evaluate food intake of vitamin D, prescribed drugs and supplements containing vitamin D.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The mean serum concentration of 25-OH-D was significantly higher in the reference group (57.6 ± 23 nmol/L) compared with the COPD group (51.5 ± 22 nmol/L) (P = 0.039). The dietary intake was predominantly below the recommendations in both groups. Mean total daily intake of vitamin D and mean daily supplementation of vitamin D was significantly higher in the COPD group (P = 0.012 and P = 0.030, respectively). Low intake of vitamin D and low serum levels of 25-OH-D are common in both COPD patients and an elderly Swedish population. Monitoring vitamin D status and possibly routinely treating COPD patients with vitamin D and calcium should be considered to minimise the risk of severe vitamin D deficiency among COPD patients.
authors.affiliation: Kvarterskliniken Lorensberg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Måhlin
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: von Sydow
authors.forename: Amra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Osmancevic
authors.forename: Margareta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Emtner
authors.forename: Anne M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Grönberg
authors.forename: Sven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Larsson
authors.forename: Frode
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Slinde
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D015897:Comorbidity; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D014807:Vitamin D; D003404:Creatinine; D002118:Calcium
keywords: 25-OH-D; COPD; seasons; vitamin D; vitamin D deficiency