title: The Steep Ramp Test in Dutch white children and adolescents: age- and sex-related normative values.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Steep Ramp Test (SRT), a feasible, reliable, and valid exercise test on a cycle ergometer, may be more appealing for use in children in daily clinical practice than the traditional cardiopulmonary exercise test because of its short duration, its resemblance to children's daily activity patterns, and the fact that it does not require respiratory gas analysis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to provide sex- and age-related normative values for SRT performance in Dutch white children and adolescents who were healthy and 8 to 19 years old.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a cross-sectional, observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 252 Dutch white children and adolescents, 118 boys (mean age=13.4 years, SD=3.0) and 134 girls (mean age=13.4 years, SD=2.9), performed the SRT (work rate increment of 10, 15, or 20 W·10 s(-1), depending on body height) to voluntary exhaustion to assess peak work rate (WRpeak). Normative values are presented as reference centiles developed by use of generalized additive models for location, scale, and shape.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Peak work rate correlated highly with age (r=.915 and r=.811), body mass (r=.870 and r=.850), body height (r=.922 and r=.896), body surface area (r=.906 and r=.885), and fat free mass (r=.930 and r=.902) in boys and girls, respectively. The reference curves demonstrated an almost linear increase in WRpeak with age in boys, even when WRpeak was normalized for body mass. In contrast, absolute WRpeak in girls increased constantly until the age of approximately 13 years, when it started to level off. Peak work rate normalized for body mass in girls showed only a slight increase with age until 14 years of age, when a slight decrease in relative WRpeak was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The sample may not have been entirely representative of the Dutch population.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study provides sex- and age-related normative values for SRT performance in terms of both absolute WRpeak and relative WRpeak, thereby facilitating the interpretation of SRT results by clinicians and researchers.
authors.affiliation: B.C. Bongers, PhD, Child Development and Exercise Center, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Bart C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Bongers
authors.forename: Sanne I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: de Vries
authors.forename: Joyce
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Obeid
authors.forename: Stef
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: van Buuren
authors.forename: Paul J M
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Helders
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takken
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001827:Body Height / Q000502:physiology; D001830:Body Surface Area; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D001837:Body Weights and Measures; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005080:Exercise Test; D017079:Exercise Tolerance / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009426:Netherlands; D012016:Reference Values; D012737:Sex Factors; D044465:White People; D055815:Young Adult