title: Visual hallucinations in photographs in Parkinson's disease.
abstract: Visual hallucinations are reported in 16-37% of drug-treated patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and are the most common hallucinations in PD. We report two patients with PD with symptoms that uniquely integrate visual hallucinations and delusions. We report two cases of patients with PD with visual hallucinations who saw the persistence of these hallucinations in photographs. These pictures were taken to prove the absence of these hallucinations. We believe this is the first description of this peculiar phenomenon, in which hallucinations or illusions could be replicated in photographs. Both patients had delusions associated with the images and we speculate that the images they saw in the photographs represent a further delusion, hence a 'delusional hallucination' or 'delusional illusion.' We believe that delusions fostering hallucinations are rare.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. dimiark@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Okeanis
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Vaou
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saint-Hilaire
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Friedman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003702:Delusions / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D015259:Dopamine Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006212:Hallucinations / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D007088:Illusions; D008297:Male; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D010781:Photography
chemical_list: D015259:Dopamine Agents