title: Activation and regulation of the inflammasomes.
abstract: Inflammasomes are key signalling platforms that detect pathogenic microorganisms and sterile stressors, and that activate the highly pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18. In this Review, we discuss the complex regulatory mechanisms that facilitate a balanced but effective inflammasome-mediated immune response, and we highlight the similarities to another molecular signalling platform - the apoptosome - that monitors cellular health. Extracellular regulatory mechanisms are discussed, as well as the intracellular control of inflammasome assembly, for example, via ion fluxes, free radicals and autophagy.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn 53127, Germany. eicke.latz@uni-bonn.de
authors.forename: Eicke
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Latz
authors.forename: T Sam
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stutz
mesh_terms: D001343:Autophagy / Q000276:immunology; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D058847:Inflammasomes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D020382:Interleukin-18 / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D018448:Models, Immunological; D000071199:NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1 / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D058847:Inflammasomes; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D020382:Interleukin-18; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D000071199:NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein; C453881:NLRP3 protein, human; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1