title: Effects of caffeinated versus decaffeinated energy shots on blood pressure and heart rate in healthy young volunteers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of a caffeinated 5-hour Energy shot compared with a decaffeinated 5-hour Energy shot as assessed by changes in blood pressure and heart rate in healthy, nonhypertensive volunteers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, double-blind, controlled, crossover study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University campus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty healthy volunteers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were randomized to receive either the caffeinated 5-hour Energy shot or the decaffeinated 5-hour Energy shot; after a washout period of at least 6 days, subjects were given the alternate energy shot.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures were recorded for each subject at baseline and at 1, 3, and 5 hours after consumption of the energy shot. Heart rate, adverse effects, and energy levels were also assessed. Mean ± standard deviation (SD) baseline SBP for all study subjects was 114.06 ± 11.30 mm Hg and DBP was 69.53 ± 7.63 mm Hg. Mean changes in SBP between the caffeinated arm and the decaffeinated arm at the 1- and 3-hour time points were significantly increased compared with baseline (mean ± SD 6.08 ± 7.71 mm Hg at 1 hour [p=0.001] vs 3.33 ± 6.99 mm Hg at 3 hours [p=0.042]). Similarly, mean DBP changes between the caffeinated arm and the decaffeinated arm were significantly increased at the 1- and 3-hour time points compared with baseline (mean ± SD 5.18 ± 8.38 mm Hg at 1 hour [p=0.007] and 5.43 ± 7.21 mm Hg at 3 hours [p=0.005]). Heart rate, adverse effects, and energy levels were similar between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Caffeinated energy shots significantly increased SBP and DBP over a 3-hour period compared with decaffeinated energy shots in healthy, nonhypertensive individuals.
authors.affiliation: Doctor of Pharmacy Program, Thomas J Long School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, California, USA.
authors.forename: Abigail M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kurtz
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leong
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Anand
authors.forename: Anthony E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Dargush
authors.forename: Sachin A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Shah
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D002110:Caffeine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D061215:Energy Drinks / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D002110:Caffeine
keywords: 5-hour Energy shot; blood pressure; caffeine; energy drinks; heart rate