title: Combined information from resting-state functional connectivity and passive movements with functional magnetic resonance imaging differentiates fast late-onset motor recovery from progressive recovery in hemiplegic stroke patients: a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the value of combining information from resting-state functional connectivity and passive movements, measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), in acute stroke patients with severe motor impairment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight patients with severe left upper limb motor impairment underwent a passive movement task with fMRI and resting-state fMRI, 3 weeks following stroke onset. According to the patterns of motor recovery, patients were divided into groups with, respectively, good or poor motor recovery. Patients with good recovery were further divided into two subgroups: progressive and fast late-onset motor recovery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Activation and deactivation maps from a passive movement task with fMRI were obtained. Interhemispheric connectivity analysis was conducted using resting-state fMRI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Interhemispheric connectivity score in patients with progressive motor recovery was much greater than the scores in patients with fast late-onset and poor motor recovery. For passive movement, patients with progressive recovery exhibited activation in the ipsilesional sensorimotor area and no deactivation in the contralesional sensorimotor area. Patients with fast late-onset motor recovery showed strong deactivation in both sensorimotor areas. Patients with poor recovery showed no activation or deactivation in either of the sensorimotor areas.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Interhemispheric connectivity alone is not enough to predict delayed motor recovery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kyungpook National University Hospital/Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, 200 Dongduk-Ro Jung-Gu Daegu, South Korea.
authors.forename: Tae-Du
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Ji-Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jee-Hye
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Seong-Uk
authors.initials: SU
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Hui Joong
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: So-Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Yang-Soo
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Yongmin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001931:Brain Mapping; D056228:Feedback, Sensory; D005260:Female; D006429:Hemiplegia / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology; D009068:Movement; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation