title: Stress fractures of the tibia and medial malleolus.
abstract: Tibial diaphyseal stress fractures are rare in the general population, but are more frequently seen in the athletic and military communities. The diagnosis of this problem may be problematic and needs to be considered in all athletes and military recruits who present with shin or ankle pain. The female triad in athletes (low-energy availability/disordered eating, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis/osteopenia) should be considered in those women who sustain this injury. Management is usually conservative with a variety of rehabilitation programs suggested, but a pragmatic approach is to manage the patient symptomatically.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chelsea & Westminister Hospital, 369 Fulham Road, London SW10 9NH, UK.
authors.forename: Benjamin C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Caesar
authors.forename: Graham A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: McCollum
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Elliot
authors.forename: Andy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: James D F
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Calder
mesh_terms: D064386:Ankle Fractures; D056352:Athletes; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D015775:Fractures, Stress / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D013977:Tibia / Q000293:injuries*