title: An evaluation of costs and benefits of a vehicle periodic inspection scheme with six-monthly inspections compared to annual inspections.
abstract: Although previous research suggests that safety benefits accrue from periodic vehicle inspection programmes, little consideration has been given to whether the benefits are sufficient to justify the often considerable costs of such schemes. Methodological barriers impede many attempts to evaluate the overall safety benefits of periodic vehicle inspection schemes, including this study, which did not attempt to evaluate the New Zealand warrant of fitness scheme as a whole. Instead, this study evaluated one aspect of the scheme: the effects of doubling the inspection frequency, from annual to biannual, when the vehicle reaches six years of age. In particular, reductions in safety-related vehicle faults were estimated together with the value of the safety benefits compared to the costs. When merged crash data, licensing data and roadworthiness inspection data were analysed, there were estimated to be improvements in injury crash involvement rates and prevalence of safety-related faults of respectively 8% (95% CI 0.4-15%) and 13.5% (95% CI 12.8-14.2%) associated with the increase from annual to 6-monthly inspections. The wide confidence interval for the drop in crash rate shows considerably statistical uncertainty about the precise size of the drop. Even assuming that this proportion of vehicle faults prevented by doubling the inspection frequency could be maintained over the vehicle age range 7-20 years, the safety benefits are very unlikely to exceed the additional costs of the 6-monthly inspections to the motorists, valued at $NZ 500 million annually excluding the overall costs of administering the scheme. The New Zealand warrant of fitness scheme as a whole cannot be robustly evaluated using the analysis approach used here, but the safety benefits would need to be substantial--yielding an unlikely 12% reduction in injury crashes--for benefits to equal costs.
authors.affiliation: Wellington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Otago University, PO Box 7343, Wellington South, New Zealand. Michael.Keall@otago.ac.nz
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Keall
authors.forename: Stuart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Newstead
mesh_terms: D000056:Accident Prevention / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods; D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D018986:Motor Vehicles / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009520:New Zealand; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: Cost–benefit analysis; Crash reduction; Periodic vehicle inspection; Vehicle faults