title: Controlling cholesterol synthesis beyond 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR).
abstract: 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR) is the target of the statins, important drugs that lower blood cholesterol levels and treat cardiovascular disease. Consequently, the regulation of HMGCR has been investigated in detail. However, this enzyme acts very early in the cholesterol synthesis pathway, with ∼20 subsequent enzymes needed to produce cholesterol. How they are regulated is largely unexplored territory, but there is growing evidence that enzymes beyond HMGCR serve as flux-controlling points. Here, we introduce some of the known regulatory mechanisms affecting enzymes beyond HMGCR and highlight the need to further investigate their control.
authors.affiliation: School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.
authors.forename: Laura J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Sharpe
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Brown
mesh_terms: D017398:Alternative Splicing; D000818:Animals; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006903:Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases / Q000378:metabolism*; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000378:metabolism; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D050603:Squalene Monooxygenase / Q000378:metabolism; D051779:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D020033:Protein Isoforms; D051779:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Proteins; D002784:Cholesterol; D006903:Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases; D050603:Squalene Monooxygenase
keywords: Cholesterol; Cholesterol Regulation; ER-associated Degradation; NSDHL; Post-translational Modification; SREBP; Squalene Monooxygenase; Sterol