title: Newer therapeutic strategies to alter high-density lipoprotein level and function.
abstract: Measurements of low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol have been identified as a risk factor for premature coronary artery disease, however, to date, current pharmacologic approaches for raising HDL have provided little benefit, if at all, in reducing cardiovascular outcomes. It has been shown that HDL can modify many aspects of plaque pathogenesis. Its most established role is in reverse cholesterol transportation, but HDL can also affect oxidation, inflammation, cellular adhesion, and vasodilatation. Considering these potential benefits of HDL, newer treatments have been developed to modify HDL activity, which include the use of oral cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitors, apolipoprotein (apo)A-I infusions, apoA-I mimetics, drugs to increase apoA-I synthesis, and agonists of the liver X receptor. These new therapies are reviewed in this article.
authors.affiliation: From the *Department of Internal Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston University, Boston, MA; and †New York Medical College, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY.
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bosch
authors.forename: William H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Frishman
mesh_terms: D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D053480:Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006801:Humans; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000097:blood* / Q000187:drug effects*; D000071518:Liver X Receptors; D057093:Orphan Nuclear Receptors / Q000819:agonists*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; D015415:Biomarkers; D053480:Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D000071518:Liver X Receptors; D057093:Orphan Nuclear Receptors