title: Simulators for training in ultrasound guided procedures.
abstract: The four major categories of skill sets associated with proficiency in ultrasound guided regional anaesthesia are 1) understanding device operations, 2) image optimization, 3) image interpretation and 4) visualization of needle insertion and injection of the local anesthetic solution. Of these, visualization of needle insertion and injection of local anaesthetic solution can be practiced using simulators and phantoms. This survey of existing simulators summarizes advantages and disadvantages of each. Current deficits pertain to the validation process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Cork University Hospital and University College Cork, Ireland.
authors.forename: Syed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Farjad Sultan
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shorten
authors.forename: Gabrielle
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Iohom
mesh_terms: D000765:Anesthesia, Conduction / Q000295:instrumentation*; D000776:Anesthesiology / Q000193:education* / Q000295:instrumentation; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D032701:Biomimetics / Q000295:instrumentation; D003194:Computer-Assisted Instruction / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D007494:Ireland; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local