title: Association between psychological stress and stimulation of inflammatory responses in periodontal disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Based on the evidence regarding the relationship between inflammatory processes and stress responses, the present study investigated the association between psychological stress and elevation of inflammatory mediators related to periodontal disease in adult patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study consisted of 50 patients including 25 patients with chronic periodontitis and 25 cases with aggressive periodontitis. Twenty-five healthy subjects without any evidence of periodontal disorder were also randomly selected as the control group. The clinical parameters including plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PPD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL) were recorded and GCF samples were collected for analysis of GCF contents of IL-6 and IL-1β levels. The Kettle stress questionnaire was also used to determine stress severity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IL-1β was significantly higher, but IL-6 was only slightly higher(marginal p-value=0.058)The median score of stress was higher in aggressive periodontitis than the chronic disorder and also in the two periodontal disease groups than the healthy subjects. Among studied clinical parameters, CAL and PPD were positively correlated with the GCF IL-1β level. No significant correlations were found between clinical parameters and GCF IL-6 level. There were strong positive relationships between stress severity and in both aggressive and chronic periodontitis; however stress did not influence GCF contents of IL-6.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Psychological stress has a pivotal role in the stimulation of inflammatory processes via IL-1β increase in aggressive and chronic periodontitis.
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Dental Research Center and Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mahvash
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mousavijazi
authors.forename: Aniseh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Naderan
authors.forename: Mitra
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ebrahimpoor
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sadeghipoor
keywords: Cytokines; Interleukin-1α; Periodontitis; Stress