title: A novel metabolic balance model for describing the metabolic disruption of and interactions between cardiovascular-related markers during acute myocardial infarction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  After acute myocardial infarction (AMI), an integral evaluation of risk using multimarker approach and the understanding of the pathophysiological processes involved have recently received much attention. This study aimed to develop a model to integrally evaluate the metabolic disruption of cardiovascular-related markers and unveil their interactions after AMI.
  
  
  METHODS
  AMI was induced in rats by coronary artery ligation. Several cardiovascular-related markers in plasma and the heart were determined during AMI. A metabolic balance model was developed using matrix equations to assess the metabolic disturbance of, and interactions between, these markers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Metabolic balance maps intuitively depicted the metabolic disruption of cardiovascular-related markers after AMI. The deviation and magnitude of the disruption were quantitatively and integrally described by φ and k (the dynamic parameter of metabolic balance disruption), respectively. The metabolic balance was disturbed in both the circulatory system and the heart post-AMI. All of the measured markers appeared to be interactional. Among these markers, kidney function and dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) activity in the heart showed a potent effect on the other markers, whereas asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) levels in plasma and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) contents in the heart were susceptible to the effects of the other markers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A metabolic balance model was developed to integrally evaluate the disruption of cardiovascular-related markers after AMI, which proposes a new method for evaluating the disease state post-AMI using a multimarker approach. The unveiled interactions between these cardiovascular-related markers are helpful in understanding the pathophysiological processes.
authors.affiliation: Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Shijun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Haidong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Wenting
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Linhua
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Xiaoquan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000581:Amidohydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000378:metabolism*; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C018524:N,N-dimethylarginine; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D001120:Arginine; D000581:Amidohydrolases; C059999:dimethylargininase
keywords: ADMA; ADP; AMI; AMP; ATP; CAT; Cardiovascular disease; DDAH; GRA; Hcy; Metabolic module; Multimarker; NO; NOS; Rat; SDMA; SVD; acute myocardial infarction; adenosine diphospate; adenosine monophosphate; adenosine triphosphate; asymmetric dimethylarginine; cationic amino acid transporters; dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase; grey relational analysis; homocysteine; nitric oxide; nitric oxide synthase; singular value decomposition; symmetric dimethylarginine