title: In vitro remineralization of enamel subsurface lesions and assessment of dentine tubule occlusion from NaF dentifrices with and without calcium.
abstract: Currently, fluoride is the most effective preventive treatment for remineralization of incipient carious lesions and dentinal hypersensitivity due to wasting disorders. The products containing fluoride, calcium and phosphate are also claim to remineralize early, non-cavitated enamel demineralization. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the efficacy of two such products, Tooth Mousse and Clinpro tooth crème on remineralization and tubule occluding ability with 5000ppm fluoride-containing toothpaste.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty third molar teeth were placed in demineralizing solution for 5 days such that only a window of 1mm x 5mm was exposed to the environment to produce artificial caries-like lesions and randomly assigned to three groups: Group I, 5000ppm sodium fluoride; Group II, GC MI paste plus and Group III, Clinpro tooth crème. Axial longitudinal sections of 140-160 μm of each tooth which included the artificial carious lesion taken and were photographed under polarized light microscope. The demineralized areas were then quantified with a computerized imaging system. The experimental materials were applied onto the tooth sections as a topical coating and subjected to pH-cycling for 28 days. To evaluate tubule occlusion ability, thirty dentin specimens of 2mm thickness were obtained from cervical third of sound third molars. Specimens were ultrasonicated and etched with 6% citric acid for 2 minutes to simulate the hypersensitive dentin. Specimens were randomly divided into above mentioned three groups (n=10). The test agents were brushed over the specimens with an electric toothbrush, prepared and observed under Scanning Electron Microscope for calculation of the percentage of occluded tubules.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Group I showed a significantly greater percentage of remineralization than Group III and Group II. Comparison of the remineralization potential between group II and group III were not significant.In case of dentine hypersensitivity, Group I and group III showed greater percentage of tubule occlusion ability than Group II. Intergroup comparison of the tubule occlusion potential of group I and group III were not significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Within the limitations of our study, sodium fluoride showed relatively greatest remineralizing and dentinal tubule occlusion property when compared with GC MI paste plus and Clinpro tooth crème.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Bapuji Dental College and Hospital, Davangere, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Prabhakar
authors.forename: A Jaiswal
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Manojkumar
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Basappa
mesh_terms: D002118:Calcium / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002364:Caseins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003802:Dentifrices / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003804:Dentin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D057133:Dentin Desensitizing Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003807:Dentin Sensitivity / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019237:Tooth Cervix / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D014089:Tooth Remineralization / Q000379:methods*; D014100:Toothpastes / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D002364:Caseins; D003802:Dentifrices; D057133:Dentin Desensitizing Agents; D014100:Toothpastes; C447032:casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate nanocomplex; D012969:Sodium Fluoride; C018392:tricalcium phosphate; D002118:Calcium