title: Expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 and effects of ruthenium red on detrusor overactivity associated with bladder outlet obstruction in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) expression and the effects of ruthenium red (RR)-TRPV antagonist-on detrusor overactivity (DO) associated with bladder outlet obstruction (BOO).
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were randomly assigned to 3 groups. The control group (n = 10) included sham-operated rats. The BOO-group without RR (n = 15) and BOO-group with RR (n = 15) underwent partial BOO surgery. Three weeks postoperatively, cystometrography was performed in all rats. After confirming DO, RR was instilled intravesically in the BOO-group with RR. Urodynamic parameters were investigated, including contraction interval (CI) and contraction pressure (CP). TRPV4 expression was evaluated through immunofluorescence staining and western blotting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The BOO-group without RR had significantly shorter CI and significantly higher CP compared to the control. In the BOO-group with RR, CI was significantly longer compared to the BOO-group without RR. However, change in CP between BOO-group without and with RR was not significantly different. Immunofluorescence staining showed that TRPV4 was localized in the urothelium and detrusor muscles. TRPV4 immunofluorescence signals were increased in the urothelium and detrusor muscle in BOO-group without RR, compared with the control. In western blot analysis, immunoreactive bands indicating expression of TRPV4 were detected in the urothelium and detrusor muscle, and those were significantly increased in the BOO-group without RR compared with the control in the urothelium and detrusor muscle.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TRPV4 plays an important role in the pathophysiology of DO, and RR has a beneficial effect on DO associated with BOO.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 327 Sosa-Ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, 420-717, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
authors.forename: Kang Jun
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Eun Young
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Hyo Sin
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jun Sung
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.forename: Joon Chul
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D008297:Male; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012430:Ruthenium Red / Q000494:pharmacology*; D050916:TRPV Cation Channels / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D001748:Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D053201:Urinary Bladder, Overactive / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D014563:Urodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D019459:Urothelium / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D050916:TRPV Cation Channels; C486577:Trpv4 protein, rat; D012430:Ruthenium Red