title: Characterization of the Variability of Nucleoli in the Cells of Panax ginseng Meyer In Vivo and In Vitro.
abstract: Results of karyological study of intact plants and some callus lines of Panax ginseng are presented. In the native plants of P. ginseng the nucleus with 1 nucleolus (90%) dominate, and nucleus with 2 nucleoli is rare. One nucleolar nucleus also dominate in interphase nuclei of cells of cultivated P. ginseng (from 2006), but we also found nucleus with 2 to 3 nucleoli in the same cell lines. Interphase nuclei of P. ginseng in long cultivated lines (from 1988) contain 1 to 9 nucleoli, with a predominance of nuclei containing from 3 to 4 nucleoli. It was shown that long-time cells (cultivated since 1988) had cytogenetic changes such as increase level of polyploid and aneuploid cells, increase of nucleoli number into interphase nucleus and decrease of nuclei/nucleoli ratio. These long-time cultivated cells had very low ginsenoside content.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biology and Soil Science, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Science, Vladivostok 690-022, Russia.
authors.forename: Yuliya A
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Khrolenko
authors.forename: Olga L
authors.initials: OL
authors.lastname: Burundukova
authors.forename: Lyudmila S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Lauve
authors.forename: Tamara I
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Muzarok
authors.forename: Vyacheslav V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Makhan'kov
authors.forename: Yuri N
authors.initials: YN
authors.lastname: Zhuravlev
keywords: Ginsenoside content; In vitro; In vivo; Nucleoli; Panax ginseng