title: Proanthocyanidins rapidly stabilize the demineralized dentin layer.
abstract: While proanthocyanidins (PA) are effective in improving collagen's resistance to collagenolytic degradation, the direct incorporation of PA into an adhesive system is detrimental to the light-curing thereof. Conversely, the use of PA as a primer could circumvent this issue, but little is known about the efficacy of PA in stabilizing collagen when applied in a clinically relevant manner. This study investigated the pre- and post-digestion morphology of an acid-etched dentin collagen layer that underwent PA treatment for time periods on a scale of seconds. The null hypothesis, that there is no difference between the PA-treated and untreated control group, had to be rejected, since it was revealed that the untreated control could not survive 1 hr of exogenous collagenase digestion, while the PA-treated collagen could sustain at least 16 hrs of digestion with no perceptible changes in collagen structure. In addition, the stabilizing effect of the gold-standard cross-linker glutaraldehyde at comparable experimental conditions was found to be almost non-existent within the 5, 15, or 30 sec of cross-linking permitted. Therefore, PA have been proven to be extraordinarily efficient in stabilizing demineralized dentin collagen against enzymatic challenges in a clinically relevant setting, likely due to the non-covalent nature of their interaction with collagen molecules.
authors.affiliation: University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Dentistry, 650 E 25th Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dusevich
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000379:methods*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017554:Carbon Compounds, Inorganic / Q000737:chemistry; D003094:Collagen / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D017364:Collagenases / Q000494:pharmacology; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000494:pharmacology; D003804:Dentin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D024022:Fibrillar Collagens / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005976:Glutaral / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D010756:Phosphoric Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017655:Silicon Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D016369:Smear Layer; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D017554:Carbon Compounds, Inorganic; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D024022:Fibrillar Collagens; D010756:Phosphoric Acids; D044945:Proanthocyanidins; D017655:Silicon Compounds; D003094:Collagen; C030242:phosphoric acid; D017364:Collagenases; D005976:Glutaral; C022088:silicon carbide
keywords: collagen; collagenase; cross-linking reagents; dental acid etching; scanning electron microscopy; transmission electron microscopy