title: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in commercial squids from different geographical origins: levels and risks for human consumption.
abstract: The concentrations of 18 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in five commercially valuable squid species from different geographical origins (Atlantic, Indic and Pacific Oceans). Out of the 18 quantified PAHs (the 16 PAHs considered by US EPA as priority pollutants, dibenzo(a,l)pyrene and benzo(j)fluoranthene) only dibenz(a,h)anthracene was not detected. The total concentrations of PAHs varied by a factor of more than 100-fold, from 0.22 (Loligo gahi) to 60.9 μg/kg ww (Loligo reynaudii). Intra- and inter-specific variability of PAH levels was statistically assessed. Nine carcinogenic (probable/possible) PAHs accounted for 1% (L. reynaudii) to 26% (Loligo opalescens) of the total PAHs content being the main contributors naphthalene (in Loligo duvaucelii, L. reynaudii and Loligo vulgaris species), chrysene (in L. opalescens) and indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene (in L. gahi). PAHs source analysis indicated that four of the five zones of capture of the different squid species are significantly affected by both petrogenic and pyrolytic sources. Assessment of the target carcinogenic risks, established by the US EPA, suggested that L. gahi (Atlantic Ocean) and L. opalescens (from Pacific Ocean) may pose additional risks for consumers, if not eaten in moderation, derived from benzo(a)pyrene ingestion.
authors.affiliation: REQUIMTE, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Filipa
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: Maria João
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Ramalhosa
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Delerue-Matos
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morais
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001267:Atlantic Ocean; D002274:Carcinogens, Environmental / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005506:Food Contamination; D005517:Foodborne Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D014943:Global Health; D006801:Humans; D019156:Indian Ocean; D049834:Loligo / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development; D009153:Mutagens / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D010140:Pacific Ocean; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D011174:Portugal / Q000453:epidemiology; D012306:Risk; D012758:Shellfish / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D002274:Carcinogens, Environmental; D009153:Mutagens; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Atlantic; Health risks for human consumption; Indic and Pacific Oceans; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Squids