title: Comparison of the right and left ventricular performance during the fetal development using velocity vector imaging.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Studies on myocardial characteristics examined by speckle-tracking echocardiography are limited.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare myocardial performance between the right and left ventricles during the fetal development using velocity vector imaging (VVI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Echocardiograms of 95 uncomplicated singleton fetuses (19-36 weeks pregnancy) were retrospectively analyzed by VVI to measure global longitudinal peak velocity, strain, and strain rate of both the right ventricle (RV) and left ventricle (LV). The regional values were calculated for three segments (base, mid, and apex) of the ventricular free wall and segment.
  
  
  METHODS
  The VVI-derived measurements were examined for gestational age and compared between ventricles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The global peak systolic and diastolic velocity values of both ventricles significantly increased over gestation examined, whereas the global systolic strain and strain rate were stable (RV: strain -22.6 ± 5.0%, strain rate -2.6 ± 0.7/s; LV: strain -21.5 ± 5.6%, strain rate -2.5 ± 0.7/s). Compared to the LV, the RV showed significantly higher global velocity in systole and diastole (P = 0.001 for systole, P < 0.001 for diastole). The global systolic velocity of the LV increased close to the RV toward term, whereas the RV was dominant in diastole throughout the examined gestation. Basal strain and strain rate in the RV were significantly greater than that of the LV, although there were no significant differences in the middle and apical values between ventricles.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest the RV predominance of longitudinal contraction and dilatation, compared to the LV in uncomplicated fetuses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Seon-Hye
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyakoshi
authors.forename: Ikuko
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kadohira
authors.forename: Mamoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Minegishi
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Yasunori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005318:Fetal Heart / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D005865:Gestational Age; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left; D016278:Ventricular Function, Right
keywords: Fetus; Myocardial performance; Peak velocity; Speckle tracking; Strain; Strain rate; Velocity vector imaging