title: The impact of COPD on health status: findings from the BOLD study.
abstract: The aim of this study was to describe the impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on health status in the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) populations. We conducted a cross-sectional, general population-based survey in 11 985 subjects from 17 countries. We measured spirometric lung function and assessed health status using the Short Form 12 questionnaire. The physical and mental health component scores were calculated. Subjects with COPD (post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity <0.70, n = 2269) had lower physical component scores (44±10 versus 48±10 units, p<0.0001) and mental health component scores (51±10 versus 52±10 units, p = 0.005) than subjects without COPD. The effect of reported heart disease, hypertension and diabetes on physical health component scores (-3 to -4 units) was considerably less than the effect of COPD Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease grade 3 (-8 units) or 4 (-11 units). Dyspnoea was the most important determinant of a low physical and mental health component scores. In addition, lower forced expiratory volume in 1 s, chronic cough, chronic phlegm and the presence of comorbidities were all associated with a lower physical health component score. COPD is associated with poorer health status but the effect is stronger on the physical than the mental aspects of health status. Severe COPD has a greater negative impact on health status than self-reported cardiovascular disease and diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Christer
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Janson
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Marks
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Buist
authors.forename: Louisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gnatiuc
authors.forename: Thorarinn
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gislason
authors.forename: Mary Ann
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: McBurnie
authors.forename: Rune
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Studnicka
authors.forename: Brett
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Toelle
authors.forename: Bryndis
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Benediktsdottir
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Burney
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007391:International Cooperation; D008168:Lung / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013147:Spirometry; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014797:Vital Capacity