title: Characterization of alpha-2-macroglobulin from groupers.
abstract: Alpha-2-macroglobulin (α-2-M) is a protease inhibitor broadly present in the plasma of vertebrates and invertebrates, and is an important non-specific humoral factor in defence system of the animals. This study conducted the immuno-analysis and mass spectrometric analysis methods to investigate the characteristics of the protease inhibitor, α-2-M, among groupers and related species. Rabbit antiserum to the purified α-2-M of Epinephelus coioides was used in different immunological methods to determine the immune cross-reactions of the α-2-M in samples. Plasma of Epinephelus bruneus, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus, Epinephelus lanceolatus, and Epinephelus quoyanus exhibited high protease inhibitory activities by BAPNA-trypsin assay. To purify the α-2-M protein, plasma protein of grouper E. coioides was first precipitated by using PEG 6000, then Blue Sepharose 6 Fast Flow, DEAE Sephacel, Con A Separose 4B and Phenyl Sepharose High Performance columns were used on FPLC system for purification. The molecular mass of grouper plasma α-2-M was determined as a 180 kDa protein on non-reduced SDS-PAGE. In addition, it was determined as 97 and 80 kDa protein on reduced SDS-PAGE. Enzymatic and chemical deglycosylation of glycogen revealed that the contents of glycogen in 97 and 80 kDa subunits were 12.4% and 15%, respectively, and were all belonging to N-linked type. Only one precipitation arc was visualized in all plasma of Epinephelus spp. using the rabbit antiserum to the purified α-2-M of E. coioides, on crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) gels. The plasma of Epinephelus spp. and seawater fish species showed stronger responses than freshwater fish species while that of other animal species showed no response by dot-blot assay. One single band was detected on Native PAGE-Western blotting assay, one single 180 kDa band was detected on non-reduced SDS-PAGE-Western blotting, and four bands (80, 97, 160, 250 kDa) were detected on reduced SDS-PAGE when various grouper plasma was performed respectivity. However, no band was detected using plasma from the freshwater fish species and other animal species. Thus, further indicates that the protein structure of α-2-M of Epinephelus spp. was closely related among seawater fish species. In addition the identity of the two subunits was identified using LC/MS/MS which was similar to α-2-M of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) on the protein hit.
authors.affiliation: Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2 Pei-Ning Road, Keelung 202, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wen-Hsiao
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.forename: Kuo-Kau
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ping-Chung
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001492:Bass / Q000378:metabolism*; D001586:Benzoylarginine Nitroanilide / Q000378:metabolism; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000662:veterinary; D004586:Electrophoresis / Q000662:veterinary; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D005399:Fishes / Q000378:metabolism; D007106:Immune Sera / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D015151:Immunoblotting / Q000662:veterinary; D008970:Molecular Weight; D011817:Rabbits; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000662:veterinary; D014357:Trypsin / Q000378:metabolism; D000511:alpha-Macroglobulins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D029941:Fish Proteins; D007106:Immune Sera; D000511:alpha-Macroglobulins; D001586:Benzoylarginine Nitroanilide; D014357:Trypsin
keywords: Alpha-2-macroglobulin; Epinephelus spp.; Immunological; Plasma; Protease inhibitor