title: Recent advances towards the clinical application of DNA vaccines.
abstract: DNA vaccination is an attractive method for therapeutic vaccination against intracellular pathogens and cancer. This review provides an introduction into the DNA vaccination field and discusses the pre-clinical successes and most interesting clinical achievements thus far. Furthermore, general attributes, mechanism of action and safety of DNA vaccination will be discussed. Since clinical results with DNA vaccination so far show room for improvement, possibilities to improve the delivery and immunogenicity of DNA vaccines are reviewed. In the coming years, these new developments should show whether DNA vaccination is able to induce clinically relevant responses in patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Bins
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: van den Berg
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oosterhuis
authors.forename: J B A G
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Haanen
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms; D014611:Vaccination; D019444:Vaccines, DNA
chemical_list: D019444:Vaccines, DNA