title: Cortical phase changes in Alzheimer's disease at 7T MRI: a novel imaging marker.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Postmortem studies have indicated the potential of high-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to visualize amyloid depositions in the cerebral cortex. The aim of this study is to test this hypothesis in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD).
  
  
  METHODS
  T2*-weighted MRI was performed in 16 AD patients and 15 control subjects. All magnetic resonance images were scored qualitatively by visual assessment, and quantitatively by measuring phase shifts in the cortical gray matter and hippocampus. Statistical analysis was performed to assess differences between groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with AD demonstrated an increased phase shift in the cortex in the temporoparietal, frontal, and parietal regions (P < .005), and this was associated with individual Mini-Mental State Examination scores (r = -0.54, P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased cortical phase shift in AD patients demonstrated on 7-tesla T2*-weighted MRI is a potential new biomarker for AD, which may reflect amyloid pathology in the early stages.
authors.affiliation: C.J. Gorter Center for High-Field MRI, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands. Electronic address: S.van_Rooden@lumc.nl.
authors.forename: Sanneke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: van Rooden
authors.affiliation: C.J. Gorter Center for High-Field MRI, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Maarten J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Versluis
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Michael K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Liem
authors.affiliation: Division of Image Processing, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Milles
authors.affiliation: Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Andrea B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Maier
authors.affiliation: Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ania M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Oleksik
authors.affiliation: C.J. Gorter Center for High-Field MRI, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Andrew G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Webb
authors.affiliation: C.J. Gorter Center for High-Field MRI, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: van Buchem
authors.affiliation: C.J. Gorter Center for High-Field MRI, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jeroen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van der Grond
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000473:pathology*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
keywords: AD pathology; Alzheimer's disease; Biomarker; Brain imaging; Human 7T MRI; Phase changes