title: Endoscopic fluorescence lifetime imaging for in vivo intraoperative diagnosis of oral carcinoma.
abstract: A clinically compatible fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) system was developed. The system was applied to intraoperative in vivo imaging of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The endoscopic FLIM prototype integrates a gated (down to 0.2 ns) intensifier imaging system and a fiber-bundle endoscope (0.5-mm-diameter, 10,000 fibers with a gradient index lens objective 0.5 NA, 4-mm field of view), which provides intraoperative access to the surgical field. Tissue autofluorescence was induced by a pulsed laser (337 nm, 700 ps pulse width) and collected in the 460 ± 25 nm spectral band. FLIM experiments were conducted at 26 anatomic sites in ten patients during head and neck cancer surgery. HNSCC exhibited a weaker florescence intensity (~50% less) when compared with healthy tissue and a shorter average lifetime (τ(HNSCC) = 1.21 ± 0.04 ns) than the surrounding normal tissue (τN = 1.49 ± 0.06 ns). This work demonstrates the potential of FLIM for label-free head and neck tumor demarcation during intraoperative surgical procedures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Yinghua
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Jennifer E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Phipps
authors.forename: Jeremy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Meier
authors.forename: Nisa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hatami
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Poirier
authors.forename: Daniel S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Elson
authors.forename: D Gregory
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Farwell
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Marcu
mesh_terms: D002277:Carcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods*; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D061848:Optical Imaging / Q000379:methods*