title: Near-infrared fluorescence goggle system with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor imaging sensor and see-through display.
abstract: We have developed a near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence goggle system based on the complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor active pixel sensor imaging and see-through display technologies. The fluorescence goggle system is a compact wearable intraoperative fluorescence imaging and display system that can guide surgery in real time. The goggle is capable of detecting fluorescence of indocyanine green solution in the picomolar range. Aided by NIR quantum dots, we successfully used the fluorescence goggle to guide sentinel lymph node mapping in a rat model. We further demonstrated the feasibility of using the fluorescence goggle in guiding surgical resection of breast cancer metastases in the liver in conjunction with NIR fluorescent probes. These results illustrate the diverse potential use of the goggle system in surgical procedures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Raphael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Njuguna
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matthews
authors.forename: Walter J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Akers
authors.forename: Gail P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Sudlow
authors.forename: Suman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mondal
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Viktor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gruev
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Achilefu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004867:Equipment Design; D005135:Eye Protective Devices; D005260:Female; D006651:Histocytochemistry; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000601:surgery; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008954:Models, Biological; D057054:Molecular Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D045663:Quantum Dots; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012666:Semiconductors; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods