title: Evaluation of air-particle abrasion of Y-TZP with different particles using microstructural analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study evaluated the effect of air-particle abrasion with different particle sizes on the surface roughness and phase transformation of yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia ceramics (Y-TZP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-four Y-TZP discs of 15 mm diameter and 1.0 mm thickness were fabricated. The samples were divided into four groups (n = 21): (1) air-particle abrasion with 30 μm CoJet sand blast coating agent (CoJet, 3M ESPE); (2) 50 μm Al2O3 particles; (3) 110 μm Al2O3 particles; and (4) 250 μm Al2O3 particles. Each group was further divided into three subgroups each (n = 7) and treated for 5 seconds, 15 seconds and 30 seconds. Mean surface roughness was determined using a profilometer. The surfaces were analysed with a scanning electron microscope. XRD analysis was employed and the relative amount of the monoclinic phase was calculated. The results were statistically analysed by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA, p < 0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Air-particle abrasion with 250 μm Al2O3 particles for 30 seconds had the highest surface roughness (p < 0.001) and a significantly higher amount of monoclinic phase compared to air-particle abrasion with 30 μm, 50 μm and 110 μm particles (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Duration and particle size of air-particle abrasion affects the roughness and phase transformation of Y-TZP. Longer treatment times with larger particles may result in degradation of material.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey. vturp@istanbul.edu.tr
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Turp
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sen
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tuncelli
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Goller
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Özcan
mesh_terms: D000537:Aluminum Oxide / Q000737:chemistry; D002516:Ceramics / Q000737:chemistry*; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D008422:Materials Testing / Q000379:methods*; D010316:Particle Size; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties; D015019:Yttrium / Q000737:chemistry*; D015040:Zirconium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: C499362:yttria stabilized tetragonal zirconia; D015019:Yttrium; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D015040:Zirconium; D000537:Aluminum Oxide