title: Sleep problems and work injuries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sleep problems are a potential risk factor for work injuries but the extent of the risk is unclear. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantify the effect of sleep problems on work injuries.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic literature search using several databases was performed. Sleep problems of any duration or frequency as well as work injuries of any severity were of interest. The effect estimates of the individual studies were pooled and relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated through random effects models. Additionally, the population attributable risk was estimated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 27 observational studies (n = 268,332 participants) that provided 54 relative risk estimates were included. The findings of the meta-analysis suggested that workers with sleep problems had a 1.62 times higher risk of being injured than workers without sleep problems (RR: 1.62, 95% CI: 1.43-1.84). Approximately 13% of work injuries could be attributed to sleep problems.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This systematic review confirmed the association between sleep problems and work injuries and, for the first time, quantified its magnitude. As sleep problems are of growing concern in the population, these findings are of interest for both sleep researchers and occupational physicians.
authors.affiliation: Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 55, P.O. Box, CH-4000 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. Electronic address: katrin.uehli@unibas.ch.
authors.forename: Katrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Uehli
authors.affiliation: Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 55, P.O. Box, CH-4000 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Harvard School of Public Health, Landmark Center West 415, 401 Park Dr., Boston, MA 02215, USA.
authors.forename: Amar J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Mehta
authors.affiliation: University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Clinic of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Basel, Petersgraben 4, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Miedinger
authors.affiliation: Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 55, P.O. Box, CH-4000 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hug
authors.affiliation: Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 55, P.O. Box, CH-4000 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schindler
authors.affiliation: University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Psychiatric University Clinics, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, CH-4012 Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Edith
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Holsboer-Trachsler
authors.affiliation: University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Clinic of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Basel, Petersgraben 4, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Jörg D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Leuppi
authors.affiliation: Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 55, P.O. Box, CH-4000 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Nino
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Künzli
mesh_terms: D000062:Accidents, Occupational / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D060051:Occupational Injuries / Q000209:etiology*; D012306:Risk; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000150:complications*
keywords: Accident prevention; Fatigue; Industrial accidents; Industry; Occupational accidents; Occupational safety; Sleep; Sleep disorders; Sleepiness; Workplace