title: Assessment of skeletal muscle microcirculation in type 2 diabetes mellitus using dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound: a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate muscular micro-perfusion by employing dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and performing transient arterial occlusion in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM-2).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty DM-2 patients (mean age, 58 ± 8.6 years; duration of diabetes, 15.4 ± 12.1 years) and 20 healthy volunteers (mean age, 54 ± 5.4 years) participated. CEUS was applied to the calf, while 4.8 mL of SonoVue(®) was injected intravenously. At the thigh level, arterial occlusion (60 s) was performed. CEUS parameters (tmax, max, AUCpost and m) were evaluated and Pearson-product-moment correlation coefficients were computed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A moderate negative correlation of HbA1c and max was established (-0.53). Max in patients with DM-2 >10 years was 79.89 ± 37.4. Max in patients with DM-2 duration <10 years was 137.62 ± 71.72 (p = 0.04). AUCpost in patients with DM-2 duration >10 years was 3924.01 ± 1630.52. AUCpost in patients with DM-2 duration <10 years was 6453.59 ± 3206.23 (p = 0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with long history of DM-2 present with impaired muscular perfusion. CEUS and transient arterial occlusion may provide appropriate methods for semi-quantitative evaluation of muscular micro-perfusion in patients with DM-2.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. erick.amarteifio@med.uni-heidelberg.de
authors.forename: Erick
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Amarteifio
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wormsbecher
authors.forename: Serdar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Demirel
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krix
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Braun
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rehnitz
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Delorme
authors.forename: Hans-Ulrich
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Kauczor
authors.forename: Marc-André
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Weber
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003287:Contrast Media; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D010477:Perfusion / Q000379:methods; D010865:Pilot Projects; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media
keywords: Muscle perfusion; contrast-enhanced ultrasound; diabetes mellitus; transient arterial occlusion