title: Prevalence of renal disease within an urban HIV-infected cohort in northern Italy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Renal disease is an increasingly recognized noninfectious comorbidity associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our retrospective, cross-sectional study evaluated prevalence of nephropathy among HIV-infected patients followed up in our outpatient clinic during the year 2011. Renal dysfunction and chronic kidney disease (CKD) were defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <90 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) and as renal damage or eGFR <60 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) over a 3-month or greater period, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We enrolled 894 HIV-infected patients with a mean age of 44.2 years and a mean current CD4 lymphocyte count of 508 cells/mm(3). The prevalence of renal dysfunction and CKD was 27.4 and 21.3 %, respectively. Older age, male gender, hypertension, diabetes, proteinuria, hypertriglyceridemia, lower nadir CD4 cell count, current use of tenofovir or tenofovir plus a ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor were independently associated with renal dysfunction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Renal dysfunction is a frequent comorbidity among HIV-infected persons and requires a careful clinical and laboratory monitoring of renal function.
authors.affiliation: Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, "Alma Mater Studiorum" University of Bologna, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, via G. Massarenti 11, 40138, Bologna, Italy, leonardo.calza@unibo.it.
authors.forename: Leonardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Calza
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vanino
authors.forename: Eleonora
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Magistrelli
authors.forename: Caterina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Salvadori
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cascavilla
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Colangeli
authors.forename: Maria Assunta
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Di Bari
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Manfredi
authors.forename: Pierluigi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Viale
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014504:Urban Health
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents