title: Ocular injuries caused by metal caps of carbonated mineral water bottles.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bottles containing carbonated drinks are potentially hazardous to the eye. In this study, we aimed to document the clinical characteristics and visual outcomes in a series of patients with ocular injury from flying metal caps of carbonated mineral water bottles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of ocular injuries due to metal caps of carbonated mineral water bottles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixteen eyes of sixteen patients were included in the study. All of the patients were male, with a mean age of 24 years. Ten of the patients had a history of using improper tools for bottle cap removal. The left eye was involved in twelve cases and the right eye in four cases. All patients had contusion-type closed-globe injury. Varying degrees of hyphema were observed in all patients, and vitreous hemorrhage was present in four. The visual acuity at the last follow-up was 20/20 in 15 of the patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of a bottle cap opener is essential for preventing ocular damage from pressed metal caps of carbonated drinks. In addition to popularising the use of screw cap bottles, warning labels that alert consumers about the possibility of eye injury should be placed on carbonated drinks with pressed metal caps.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Çanakkale Military Hospital, Çanakkale, Turkey. erdurman@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Fazıl Cüneyt
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Erdurman
authors.forename: Osman Melih
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Ceylan
authors.forename: Volkan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hürmeriç
authors.forename: Alfrida
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pellumbi
authors.forename: Ali Hakan
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Durukan
authors.forename: Güngör
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sobacı
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001753:Blast Injuries / Q000209:etiology*; D061545:Carbonated Water; D005131:Eye Injuries / Q000209:etiology*; D018857:Food Packaging; D005898:Glass; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008670:Metals; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D061545:Carbonated Water; D008670:Metals