title: Molecular evolution of attachment glycoprotein (G) gene in human respiratory syncytial virus detected in Japan 2008-2011.
abstract: We investigated the evolution of the C-terminal 3rd hypervariable region of G gene in the prevalent human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) subgroups A (RSV-A) and B (RSV-B) in Japan in 2008-2011. Phylogenetic analysis and the evolutionary timescale was obtained by the Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo method. All 38 RSV-A strains detected were classified into genotype NA1 and the 17 RSV-B strains detected belonged to genotypes BA and GB2. NA1 subdivided around 1998 in the present phylogenetic tree. Genotype BA subdivided around 1994. The evolutionary rates for RSV-A and RSV-B were estimated at 3.63×10⁻³ and 4.56×10⁻³ substitutions/site/year, respectively. The mean evolutionary rate of RSV-B was significantly faster than that of RSV-A during all seasons. The pairwise distance was relatively short (less than 0.06). In addition, some unique sites under positive selection were found. The results suggested that this region of the RSV strains rapidly evolved with some unique amino acid substitutions due to positive pressure.
authors.affiliation: Tochigi Prefectural Institute of Public Health, 2145-13 Shimookamoto-cho, Utsunomiya-shi, Tochigi 329-1196, Japan.
authors.forename: Izumi
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kushibuchi
authors.forename: Miho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kusaka
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsukagoshi
authors.forename: Akihide
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ryo
authors.forename: Ayako
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Haruyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saraya
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kurai
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kanou
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saitoh
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Noda
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuroda
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.forename: Kunihisa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kozawa
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oishi
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tashiro
authors.forename: Hirokazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kimura
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D015233:Models, Statistical; D010802:Phylogeny; D018357:Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D018113:Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human / Q000235:genetics*; D012641:Selection, Genetic; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; C116204:attachment protein G
keywords: ARI; Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo method; ESS; FEL; G gene; HPD; IFEL; MCMC; Markov Chain Monte Carlo; Pairwise distance; Positively selected site; REL; RSV; Respiratory syncytial virus; SLAC; Time-scaled phylogeny; acute respiratory infection; effective sample size; fixed effects likelihood; highest posterior density; internal fixed effects likelihood; random effects likelihood; respiratory syncytial virus; single likelihood ancestor counting; tMRCA; time of the most recent common ancestor