title: Effects of Korean ginseng berry extract (GB0710) on penile erection: evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies.
abstract: Several reports have promoted the root-derived Korean red ginseng (KRG; Panax ginseng) as alternative treatment for erectile dysfunction (ED), and ginsenosides are known to be the principal active ingredients of ginseng. Recent studies showed that ginseng berries produce more ginsenosides than KRG; thus, we investigated the ability of the Korean ginseng berry extract GB0710 to relax the penile corpus cavernosum smooth muscle (CCSM) in this study. As a comparative control, the results were compared to those obtained using KRG. In addition, possible mechanisms of action for GB0710 were investigated. While KRG and GB0710 both displayed dose-dependent relaxation effects on precontracted rabbit CCSM in vitro, GB0710 was shown to be more potent than KRG. The GB0710-induced relaxation could be partially reduced by removing the endothelium. In addition, pre-treatment with several nitric oxide (NO) inhibitors significantly inhibited the relaxation of muscle strips. Furthermore, administration of GB0710 increased intracavernosal pressure (ICP) in a rat in vivo model in both a dose- and duration-dependent manner. Intracellular NO production in human microvascular endothelial cells could be induced by GB0710 and inhibited by N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine. In conclusion, GB0710 had a greater relaxation effect on rabbit CCSM than did KRG extract, and increased ICP in a rat model in both a dose- and a duration-dependent manner. This relaxing effect might be mediated by NO production.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Severance Hospital, Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea.
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: H Y
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.forename: W G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Y M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Y D
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005638:Fruit; D061307:Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D005894:Panax / Q000737:chemistry*; D010410:Penile Erection / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D056910:Republic of Korea; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D010936:Plant Extracts; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine; D009569:Nitric Oxide