title: Mechanography in childhood: references for force and power in counter movement jumps and chair rising tests.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to procure age- and gender- related reference data and study the characteristics of body weight related peak force (pFrel), body mass related peak power (pPrel) for counter movement jumps (single two-legged jumps, s2LJ) and chair rising tests (CRT) in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined 868 healthy participants (436 female) aged 3 to 19 years. Weight-related results of the s2LJ and CRT Mechanography parameters were reported.
  
  
  RESULTS
  pPrel during s2LJ (pPrel(s2LJ)) increased linearly with age for males age 5 to 19 and female age 5 to 11 at a rate of 4.6 W/kg per year. pPrel(s2LJ) for females age 12 to 19 increased only by 2.5 W/kg. CRT time per repetition was 1.065 s, independent of age and gender. pPrel per body mass during the rise phase (pPrel(CRT)) showed similar but smaller age and gender relations as peak power during s2LJ. pFrel was 2.5 g (multiples of earth's gravity) for s2LJ and 1.5 g for CRT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This data from normal children from a healthy Caucasian population provide reference values for tests that reflect everyday motor function.
authors.affiliation: University Children's Hospital Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Busche
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rawer
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rakhimi
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena / Q000502:physiology*; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D009626:Terminology as Topic; D055815:Young Adult