title: Suprasellar pediatric craniopharyngioma resection via endonasal endoscopic approach.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Purely endoscopic endonasal approaches to surgical resection of pediatric suprasellar craniopharyngiomas are uncommonly performed. The aim of the study is to assess the feasibility and to describe the short-term outcomes of endonasal endoscopic approaches for the gross total resection of suprasellar craniopharyngiomas in the pediatric population.
  
  
  METHODS
  A combined neurosurgical-otolaryngologic team performed gross total resection of craniopharyngiomas in seven pediatric patients (mean age 9.6 years) at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia over 2011-2012. Short-term outcomes were analyzed over a mean follow-up period of 6.3 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All tumors involved the sellar and/or suprasellar space and contained some cystic component. The mean maximal tumor diameter was 31.5 mm (range 18.5-62.0 mm). Using a binostril approach, gross total tumor resection was obtained in all patients (100 %). All patients with preoperative visual dysfunction demonstrated improvement in visual acuity. New or stable panhypopituitarism was observed in all cases. All patients developed postoperative diabetes insipidus, and cerebrospinal fluid leak occurred in one patient (15 %).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Complete radiographic resection of pediatric craniopharyngioma can be achieved via a purely endoscopic endonasal approach. In particular, this approach can be performed safely using the "two-nostrils-four-hands" technique with intraoperative neuronavigation. This approach should be highly considered in patients with progressive visual dysfunction. Further studies are needed to characterize the long-term surgical and clinical outcome of pediatric patients treated with this surgical approach.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, 3rd Floor Silverstein Pavilion, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA, Zarina.Ali@uphs.upenn.edu.
authors.forename: Zarina S
authors.initials: ZS
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: Shih-Shan
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: Ameet R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Kamat
authors.forename: Nithin D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Adappa
authors.forename: James N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: Phillip B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Storm
authors.forename: John Y K
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003397:Craniopharyngioma / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D003919:Diabetes Insipidus / Q000209:etiology; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007018:Hypopituitarism / Q000209:etiology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009296:Nasal Cavity / Q000601:surgery; D059747:Nasal Surgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D044583:Neuroendoscopy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D038361:Neuronavigation / Q000379:methods; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery