title: Evaluation of p53, caspase-3, Bcl-2, and Ki-67 markers in oral squamous cell carcinoma and premalignant epithelium in a sample from Alava Province (Spain).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to determine whether alterations in the expression of p53, caspase-3 Bcl-2, and ki-67 appear early in premalignant oral epithelium and show clonal behavior.
  
  
  METHODS
  Samples from 41 tumors with their adjacent non-tumor epithelia were immunohistochemically analyzed using monoclonal antibodies that recognize p53, caspase-3, Bcl-2, and Ki-67 RESULTS: A statistically significant association was found between the expression in tumor and adjacent epithelium of p53, caspase-3, and Bcl-2 but not of k-67. A significant association was observed between the expression of ki-67 and p53 in both localizations. In non-tumor (premalignant) epithelium samples, there was a significant inverse relationship between the expressions of p53 and caspase-3 and a significant direct relationship between the expressions of p53 and Bcl-2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Alterations in these proteins appear to operate in combination with premalignant epithelia to create hyperproliferative cell states that favor the acquisition of summative oncogenic errors that confer invasive capacity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Bucofacial Surgery, Dental School, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal 3, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040-Madrid, Spain, antbasco@odon.ucm.es.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bascones-Martínez
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Gutierrez
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Gómez
authors.forename: José-Antonio
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Gil-Montoya
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gómez-Font
authors.forename: Miguel-Ángel
authors.initials: MÁ
authors.lastname: González-Moles
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis* / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D004848:Epithelium; D006801:Humans; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D013030:Spain; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D053148:Caspase 3