title: Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire 11-14 (CPQ11-14) for the Peruvian Spanish language.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Oral-Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) instruments, such as the Child Perceptions Questionnaire 11-14 (CPQ11-14), are broadly used in oral health surveys around the world. However, there is a lack of these instruments in Spanish language limiting the comparison of OHRQoL outcomes among countries, cultures and ethnic groups. The aim of the present study was to cross-culturally adapt the CPQ11-14 to the Peruvian Spanish language and assess its reliability and validity.
  
  
  METHODS
  To test the translation and cross-cultural adaptation, 60 children aged 11-to-14-years answered the CPQ11-14 in two pilot tests. After that, the questionnaire was tested on 200 children of the same age, who were clinically examined for dental caries. The internal consistency was assessed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient while repeat administration of the CPQ11-14 on the same 200 children facilitated the test-retest reliability via intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Construct and discriminant validity were based on associations of the CPQ11-14 with global ratings of oral health and clinical groups respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean (standard deviation) CPQ11-14 score was 20.18(13.07). Internal consistency was confirmed by a Cronbach's alpha of 0.81. Test-retest reliability revealed excellent reproducibility (ICC= 0.92). Construct validity was confirmed demonstrating statistically significant associations between total CPQ11-14 score and global ratings of oral health (p=0.035) and overall well-being (p<0.001). The measure was also able to discriminate between children with dental caries experience and those without (mean scores: 26.32 and 12.96 respectively; p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Spanish CPQ11-14 has satisfactory psychometric properties and is applicable to children in Peru.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Lineu Prestes, 2227, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil, jennyaa@usp.br.
authors.forename: Jenny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Abanto
authors.forename: Ursula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Albites
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bönecker
authors.forename: Saul
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Martins-Paiva
authors.forename: Jorge-Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Castillo
authors.forename: Denisse
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Aguilar-Gálvez
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D009909:Oral Health; D010568:Peru; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires