title: Short and long term mortality after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is influenced by socioeconomic position but not by migration status in Sweden, 1995-2007.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There are no nationwide studies on mortality after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) among foreign-born populations that include detailed information about country of birth and information about socioeconomic position. The objective was to investigate the risk of mortality after CABG considering socioeconomic position, sex and country of birth.
  
  
  METHODS
  We included all 72 333 patients undergoing a first isolated CABG in Sweden, during 1995 - 2007 of whom 12.7% were foreign-born. The patients were classified according to educational level, sex, and country of birth and were followed up to December 2007. We estimated the risk of short and long term mortality after CABG in a multivariable model adjusted for age, calendar year of surgery, diabetes, educational level, and waiting time for surgery. Hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated based on the Cox proportional hazard model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 15,284 deaths during the follow-up, 10.4% of whom were foreign-born. The foreign-born patients were 3 to 4 years younger than Sweden-born patients at the time of CABG surgery. There were no significant differences in overall early or late mortality between foreign-born and Sweden-born men and women after CABG. All-cause mortality differed in between regions and was highest in foreign-born men from Eastern Africa (HR 3.80, 95% CI 1.58-9.17), China (HR 3.61, 95% CI 1.50-8.69), and in Chile (HR 2.12, 95% CI 1.01-4.47). Patients with low level of education had worse survival compared to those with longer than 12 years of education irrespective of sex and country of birth. This difference was more pronounced among foreign-born women (HR 1.50, 95% CI 1.00-2.33).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This national study showed higher CABG mortality in patients from lower socioeconomic position. Early and late mortality did not differ after isolated CABG in foreign-born and Sweden-born patients.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. Dashti.dzayee@ki.se
authors.forename: Dashti Ali M
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Dzayee
authors.forename: Torbjörn
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ivert
authors.forename: Omid
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Beiki
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Alfredsson
authors.forename: Rickard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ljung
authors.forename: Tahereh
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Moradi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000401:mortality*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012306:Risk; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013548:Sweden