title: Usefulness of real-time 3-dimensional echocardiography to identify and quantify left ventricular dyssynchrony in patients with Kawasaki disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The role of left ventricular (LV) dyssynchrony in Kawasaki disease is unknown. This study sought to establish values for real-time 3-dimensional (3D) echocardiographically derived LV dyssynchrony parameters and identify and quantify LV dyssynchrony in patients with Kawasaki disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty patients hospitalized for Kawasaki disease were analyzed retrospectively, and 40 sex- and age-matched healthy control volunteers were also enrolled. The systolic dyssynchrony index (percentage of the cardiac cycle) from 16 and 12 LV segments on real-time 3D echocardiography was analyzed to calculate LV dyssynchrony (defined as the standard deviation of the time to reach the minimum systolic volume for 16 LV segments) according to a 17-segment model. We analyzed the 3D LV ejection fraction (LVEF), end-diastolic volume, and end-systolic volume in the patients with Kawasaki disease compared to the controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 16-segment systolic dyssynchrony index ± SD was significantly higher in the patients with Kawasaki disease: 2.73% ± 0.96% compared to 2.01% ± 0.85% in the controls (P < .05). The 12-segment systolic dyssynchrony index in the patients with Kawasaki disease was 2.65% ± 0.93% compared to 1.98% ± 0.81% in the controls (P< .05). Patients with Kawasaki disease and an LVEF of less than 50% had a significantly higher systolic dyssynchrony index compared to patients with an LVEF of 50% or greater (2.89% ± 0.79% versus 2.26% ± 0.73%; P < .05). The LVEF measured by echocardiography was decreased in the patients with Kawasaki disease, and global systolic function was impaired. The LVEF measured by a biplane method was sufficiently related to the LVEF measured by echocardiography.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Real-time 3D echocardiography is a noninvasive and feasible method for identifying and evaluating LV dyssynchrony in children with Kawasaki disease. Left ventricular dyssynchrony is significantly impaired and related to LV systolic function in patients with Kawasaki disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrasound, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Haihong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: Sun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jianping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003199:Computer Systems / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009080:Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013318:Stroke Volume; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology*
keywords: Kawasaki disease; dyssynchrony; heart function; real-time 3-dimensional echocardiography