title: Phylogenetic analysis of vertebrate CXC chemokines reveals novel lineage specific groups in teleost fish.
abstract: In this study, we have identified 421 molecules across the vertebrate spectrum and propose a unified nomenclature for CXC chemokines in fish, amphibians and reptiles based on phylogenetic analysis. Expanding on earlier studies in teleost fish, lineage specific CXC chemokines that have no apparent homologues in mammals were confirmed. Furthermore, in addition to the two subgroups of the CXCL8 homologues known in teleost fish, a third group was identified (termed CXCL8_L3), as was a further subgroup of the fish CXC genes related to CXCL11. Expression of the CXC chemokines found in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, was studied in response to stimulation with inflammatory and antiviral cytokines, and bacterial. Tissue distribution analysis revealed distinct expression profiles for these trout CXC chemokines. Lastly three of the trout chemokines, including two novel fish specific CXC chemokines containing three pairs of cysteines, were produced as recombinant proteins and their effect on trout leucocyte migration studied. These molecules increased the relative expression of CD4 and MCSFR in migrated cells in an in vitro chemotaxis assay.
authors.affiliation: Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Qiaoqing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Tiehui
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Bertrand
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Collet
authors.forename: Yolanda
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Corripio-Miyar
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bird
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Pin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nie
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Secombes
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zou
mesh_terms: D048409:Aeromonas salmonicida / Q000502:physiology; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells; D002460:Cell Line; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000235:genetics; D019743:Chemokines, CXC / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D005399:Fishes / Q000235:genetics* / Q000382:microbiology; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D017686:Oncorhynchus mykiss / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology; D010802:Phylogeny; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D014714:Vertebrates / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D029941:Fish Proteins; D007375:Interleukin-1; D007371:Interferon-gamma
keywords: CXC chemokines; Fish; Teleosts; Vertebrates