title: Effects of triploidy on growth and protein degradation in skeletal muscle during recovery from feed deprivation in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).
abstract: Identifying physiological differences between diploid and triploid rainbow trout will help define how ploidy affects mechanisms that impact growth and nutrient utilization. Juvenile diploid and triploid female rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were either continually fed or fasted for one week, followed by four weeks of refeeding, and indices of growth and proteolysis-related gene expression in skeletal muscle were measured. Fasting reduced growth, and based on gene expression analysis, increased capacity for protein degradation. Regardless of feeding treatment, triploids displayed slightly greater feed intake and specific growth rates than diploids. Continually fed triploids displayed lower expression of several autophagy-related genes than diploids, suggesting that reduced rates of protein degradation contributed to their faster growth. Reduced expression of ubiquitin ligases fbxo32 and fbxo25 and autophagy-related genes during refeeding implicates reduced proteolysis in recovery growth. At one week of refeeding triploids exhibited greater gains in eviscerated body weight and length, whereas diploids exhibited greater gains in gastrointestinal tract weights. During refeeding two autophagy-related genes, atg4b and lc3b, decreased within one week to continually fed levels in the triploids, but in diploids overshot in expression at one and two weeks of refeeding then rebounding above continually fed levels by week four, suggesting a delayed return to basal levels of proteolysis.
authors.affiliation: National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, ARS/USDA, 11861 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25427, USA. beth.cleveland@ars.usda.gov
authors.forename: Beth M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Cleveland
authors.forename: Gregory M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Weber
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001343:Autophagy / Q000235:genetics; D001835:Body Weight / Q000235:genetics; D002154:Calpain / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020169:Caspases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005508:Food Deprivation; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D017686:Oncorhynchus mykiss / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / Q000378:metabolism; D059748:Proteolysis; D013997:Time Factors; D057885:Triploidy; D025801:Ubiquitin / Q000378:metabolism; D054875:Ubiquitination / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D009124:Muscle Proteins; D025801:Ubiquitin; D002154:Calpain; D020169:Caspases; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex
keywords: Atrogin-1; Compensatory growth; Fish; GeXP; Ploidy; Protein degradation