title: Effect of topical administration of 0.8% nalbuphine on the cornea in dogs after phacoemulsification.
abstract: It is suggested that topical application of opioids may provide localized analgesia without delay in corneal wound healing. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of topical application of 0.8% nalbuphine on post-operative ocular pain in dogs. Twelve eyes from 11 dogs undergoing phacoemulsification cataract surgery were divided into a nalbuphine group (n=6) and saline group (n=6). Postoperatively, the nalbuphine group received 0.1 ml of topical 0.8% alkalinized nalbuphine (pH 5.6) every 8 hr, and the saline group received 0.1 ml of topical saline (pH 5.9) as a placebo. All dogs received systemic postoperative pain managements with oral tramadol (4 mg/kg) and prednisolone (0.5 mg/kg) every 8 hr. All dogs received pre- and post-ophthalmic examinations. Pain was scored in the dogs using a pain scoring system modified from the University of Melbourne pain scale at 15, 30 and 60 min following the topical treatment on days 1 and 2 (24 and 48 hr after surgery). Eye blink frequency and corneal touch threshold (CTT) were recorded at the same time. There was no statistical difference in the pain score between groups. Significant decreases in CTT, blepharospasm and eye blink frequency were observed after the topical nalbuphine treatment. This indicated that topical application of 0.8% nalbuphine solution can produce a rapid reduction of corneal discomfort in dogs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, 250-1 Kuo Kuang Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chen-Han
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Shiun-Long
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Ting-Ting
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.forename: Shu-Hao
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Hsien-Chi
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D004285:Dogs; D009266:Nalbuphine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000662:veterinary*; D018918:Phacoemulsification / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000662:veterinary*; D011239:Prednisolone; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013997:Time Factors; D014147:Tramadol
chemical_list: D014147:Tramadol; D011239:Prednisolone; D009266:Nalbuphine