title: Effect of temperature on the orthodontic clinical applications of NiTi closed-coil springs.
abstract: NiTi spring coils were used to obtain large deformation under a constant force. The device consists on a NiTi coil spring, superelastic at body temperature, in order to have a stress plateau during the austenitic retransformation during the unloading. The temperature variations induced changes in the spring force.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the temperature variations in the spring forces and corrosion behaviour simulating the ingestion hot/cold drinks and food.
  
  
  METHODS
  The springs were subjected to a tensile force using universal testing machine MTS-Adamel (100 N load cell). All tests were performed in artificial saliva maintained at different temperatures. The corrosion tests were performed according to the ISO-standard 10993-15:2000.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The increase in temperature of 18 °C induced an increase in the spring force of 30%. However, when the temperature returns to 37 °C the distraction force recovers near the initial level. After cooling down the spring to 15 °C, the force decreased by 46%. This investigation show as the temperature increase, the corrosion potential shifts towards negative values and the corrosion density is rising.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The changes of the temperatures do not modify the superelastic behaviour of the NiTi closed-coil springs. The corrosion potential of NiTi in artificial saliva is decreasing by the rise of the temperatures.
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Ortodoncia, Facultad de Odontología. Universidad de Sevilla, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Espinar-Escalona
authors.forename: José-María
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Llamas-Carreras
authors.forename: José-María
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Barrera-Mora
authors.forename: Camilo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Abalos-Lasbrucci
authors.forename: Francisco-Javier
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Gil-Mur
mesh_terms: D008422:Materials Testing; D009969:Orthodontic Wires; D055585:Physical Phenomena; D013696:Temperature