title: The Piper Fatigue Scale-Revised: translation and psychometric evaluation in Spanish-speaking breast cancer survivors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is the most common and distressing symptom reported by breast cancer survivors. The primary aim of this study was to translate and evaluate psychometrically for the first time a Spanish version of the Piper Fatigue Scale-Revised (S-PFS-R).
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and eleven women with stage I-IIIA breast cancer who had completed their primary cancer therapy in the previous 6 months with the exception of hormone therapy completed the S-PFS-R, the Profile of Mood States (POMS) Fatigue (POMS-F) and Vigor subscales (POMS-V), and bilateral force handgrip testing. Data analysis included test-retest reliability, construct validity, criterion-related validity, and exploratory factor analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Test-retest reliability was satisfactory (r > 0.86), and all subscales showed moderate to high construct validity estimates [corrected item-subscale correlations (Pearson r = ≥ 0.65)]. The exploratory factor analysis revealed four dimensions with 75.5% of the common variance explained. The S-PFS-R total score positively correlated with the POMS-F subscale (r = 0.50-0.78) and negatively with the POMS-V subscale (r = -0.13 to -0.44) confirming criterion-related validity. Negative correlations among force handgrip testing, subscales, and total scores were weak (r = -0.26 to -0.29).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Spanish version of PFS-R shows satisfactory psychometric properties in a sample of breast cancer survivors. This is the first study to translate the PFS-R into Spanish and further testing is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Physical Therapy Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Madrid, s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Cantarero-Villanueva
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fernández-Lao
authors.forename: Lourdes
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Díaz-Rodríguez
authors.forename: Antonio Ignacio
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Cuesta-Vargas
authors.forename: César
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fernández-de-las-Peñas
authors.forename: Barbara F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Piper
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arroyo-Morales
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005221:Fatigue / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000592:standards*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D057566:Self Report; D013030:Spain; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D017741:Survivors / Q000523:psychology*; D014175:Translating