title: [Experience of Icelandic adults of corporal punishment and abuse in childhood].
abstract: Corporal punishment and abuse of children can have a negative impact on their health and well-being. The aim is to examine on Icelandic adults, experience of corporal punishment as children, its prevalence, justification as victims, and its impact on the assessment of their upbringing.
  
  
  
  From the national population register, out of 1500 randomly selected adults 18 years and older, 977 (65%) participated. In a telephone interview, they appraised their upbringing, followed by questions regarding 5 specific forms of corporal punishment in addition to an open-ended question about other forms experienced.
  
  
  
  Out of 968 respondents, 810 (84%) regarded their upbringing as good. In total, 465 (48%) reported at least one form of corporal punishment in childhood, with spanking being the most prevalent one (29%). Respondents 30 years and older were 1.9 times more likely to have experienced corporal punishment compared to those who were younger (95% CI 1.4-2.6) and males were 1.6 times more likely to report it compared to females (95% CI 1.2-2.0). Those who had frequently been punished were significantly more likely to hold of the opinion that it had never been justified (OR=6.5; 95% CI 1.8-22.9) and were more likely to judge their upbringing to have been reasonable or bad (OR=10.2; 95% CI 4.7-21.9) compared to those who had no such experience.
  
  
  
  The practice of corporal punishment of Icelandic children was significantly less prevalent among respondents born about 1980 and later compared to those born earlier. Increased public debate and awareness of children's rights and changed ideas about their upbringing has facilitated such development.
authors.affiliation: Embaetti landlaeknis og haskolanum i Reykjavik. geir@landlaeknir.is
authors.forename: Geir
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gunnlaugsson
authors.forename: Jonina
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Einarsdottir
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D041923:Adolescent Development; D000328:Adult; D054523:Adult Survivors of Child Abuse / Q000523:psychology*; D000367:Age Factors; D001364:Awareness; D002648:Child; D002649:Child Abuse / Q000523:psychology*; D002652:Child Behavior; D002657:Child Development; D005260:Female; D006806:Human Rights; D006801:Humans; D007055:Iceland; D007600:Judgment; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D015995:Prevalence; D011639:Public Opinion; D011678:Punishment / Q000523:psychology*; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult