title: Risk factors of breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: The etiology of breast cancer might be explained by 2 mechanisms, namely, differentiation and proliferation of breast epithelial cells mediated by hormonal factors. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to update effects of risk factors for both mechanisms. MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched up to January 2011. Studies that assessed association between oral contraceptives (OC), hormonal replacement therapy (HRT), diabetes mellitus (DM), or breastfeeding and breast cancer were eligible. Relative risks with their confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted. A random-effects method was applied for pooling the effect size. The pooled odds ratios of OC, HRT, and DM were 1.10 (95% CI = 1.03-1.18), 1.23 (95% CI = 1.21-1.25), and 1.14 (95% CI = 1.09-1.19), respectively, whereas the pooled odds ratio of ever-breastfeeding was 0.72 (95% CI = 0.58-0.89). Our study suggests that OC, HRT, and DM might increase risks, whereas breastfeeding might lower risks of breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: 1Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Thunyarat
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Anothaisintawee
authors.forename: Cholatip
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wiratkapun
authors.forename: Panuwat
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lerdsitthichai
authors.forename: Vijj
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kasamesup
authors.forename: Sansanee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wongwaisayawan
authors.forename: Jiraporn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Srinakarin
authors.forename: Siriporn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hirunpat
authors.forename: Piyanoot
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Woodtichartpreecha
authors.forename: Sarawan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Boonlikit
authors.forename: Yot
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Teerawattananon
authors.forename: Ammarin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thakkinstian
mesh_terms: D001942:Breast Feeding; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology*; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral / Q000009:adverse effects; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D005260:Female; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D003276:Contraceptives, Oral
keywords: breast cancer; meta-analysis; risk factor; systematic review