title: Congenital and infantile skin lesions affecting the hand and upper extremity, part 1: vascular neoplasms and malformations.
abstract: Many dermatologic conditions may be present on a newborn infant's upper extremity that can evoke concern for parents and/or primary caregivers. Although the pediatrician typically remains the first care provider, often these children are referred to specialists to diagnose and treat these lesions. Hand surgeons should be familiar with different infantile skin lesions on an upper extremity. Some lesions are best observed, whereas others require treatment with nonoperative measures, lasers, or surgical interventions. A 2-part series is presented to aid the hand surgeon in becoming familiar with these lesions. This part 1 article focuses on vascular neoplasms and malformations. Particular attention is paid to the multiple types of hemangiomas and hemangioendotheliomas, telangiectasias, angiokeratomas, as well as capillary, venous, and lymphatic malformations. Diagnostic tips and clinical photographs are provided to help differentiate among these lesions. In addition, the recommended treatment for each is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Florida; Shriners Hospital for Children of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and the Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Katherine J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Willard
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Cappel
authors.forename: Scott H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kozin
authors.forename: Joshua M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Abzug
mesh_terms: D000794:Angiokeratoma; D001165:Arteriovenous Malformations; D017789:Granuloma, Pyogenic; D006222:Hamartoma / Q000151:congenital / Q000175:diagnosis; D006225:Hand; D006390:Hemangioendothelioma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D006391:Hemangioma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007223:Infant; D008209:Lymphedema / Q000235:genetics; D009383:Neoplasms, Vascular Tissue / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D019339:Port-Wine Stain; D013684:Telangiectasis; D034941:Upper Extremity; D054079:Vascular Malformations / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*
keywords: Hemangioma; capillary malformation; lymphangioma; telangiectasia; venous malformation