title: The nature of outsourced preclinical research--the example of chemical synthesis.
abstract: The possibility to buy standardized external services or even new and innovative methods within drug discovery has increased dramatically during the last decades. Service providers are able to provide timely and efficient solutions to any given problem within preclinical research. The outsourcing behavior depends on the specific company type. Generally, the outsourcing level of emerging pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies is much higher than established companies due to low or missing internal resources. Whereas the "make-or-buy" decisions of large and fully integrated pharmaceutical companies are mainly competency driven, those of mid-size and small pharmaceutical, as well as biotech companies show a specific combination of cost/capacity and competency. The three different cooperation models "price competition", "project selection," and "strategic partnership" were identified. For all types of companies, the cooperation model of "strategic partnership" offers access to high-level expertise while reducing fixed costs and complexity. This was shown using chemical synthesis as an example but is also true for other areas of preclinical research.
authors.forename: Gunter W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Festel
mesh_terms: D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D004345:Drug Industry; D020416:Outsourced Services; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000138:chemical synthesis
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations