title: Stabilization of lead and copper contaminated firing range soil using calcined oyster shells and fly ash.
abstract: A stabilization/solidification treatment scheme was devised to stabilize Pb and Cu contaminated soil from a firing range using renewable waste resources as additives, namely waste oyster shells (WOS) and fly ash (FA). The WOS, serving as the primary stabilizing agent, was pre-treated at a high temperature to activate quicklime from calcite. Class C FA was used as a secondary additive along with the calcined oyster shells (COS). The effectiveness of the treatment was evaluated by means of the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) and the 0.1 M HCl extraction tests following a curing period of 28 days. The combined treatment with 10 wt% COS and 5 wt% FA cause a significant reduction in Pb (>98 %) and Cu (>96 %) leachability which was indicated by the results from both extraction tests (TCLP and 0.1 M HCl). Scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) analyses are used to investigate the mechanism responsible for Pb and Cu stabilization. SEM-EDX results indicate that effective Pb and Cu immobilization using the combined COS-FA treatment is most probably associated with ettringite and pozzolanic reaction products. The treatment results suggest that the combined COS-FA treatment is a cost effective method for the stabilization of firing range soil.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju, 501-759, Korea, dmoon10@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Deok Hyun
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: Jae-Woo
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Kyung Hoon
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Cheong
authors.forename: Seunghun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hyun
authors.forename: Agamemnon
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koutsospyros
authors.forename: Jeong-Hun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Yong Sik
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Ok
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000818:Animals; D002119:Calcium Carbonate / Q000737:chemistry; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D060729:Coal Ash / Q000737:chemistry; D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D004787:Environmental Pollution / Q000032:analysis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010125:Ostreidae; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry; D056910:Republic of Korea; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission
chemical_list: D017610:Calcium Compounds; D060729:Coal Ash; D010087:Oxides; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D007854:Lead; D003300:Copper; C016538:lime; D002119:Calcium Carbonate