title: Impact of early incentive spirometry in an enhanced recovery program after laparoscopic donor nephrectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study aimed to assess the impact of early incentive spirometry on the incidence of chest infection in patients undergoing laparoscopic donor nephrectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review on all consecutive laparoscopic donor nephrectomies (LDN) performed at a single institution from January 2008 to August 2012 was performed. We performed 84 LDN. Seventy patients had epidural analgesia continued for 48 hours postoperatively and 14 had a combination of spinal followed by oral analgesia. Incentive spirometry was introduced from July 2010 and 45 of the 84 donors used the spirometer as taught, both pre- and postoperatively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We performed 84 LDN; 39 patients did not receive incentive spirometers and had postoperative chest physiotherapy started on postoperative day 1. Of the 45 patients given incentive spirometers, 44 started using their spirometers as taught, after recovery once they were settled in the ward, 1 patient started the exercises the following day. In the group who received no spirometer, 5 patients had a chest infection. In the group of patients who started using their spirometers in the early perioperative period (44/45), no patient developed a chest infection. One patient in this group was excluded from the analysis because he started spirometer exercises on postoperative day 1. This patient did develop a chest infection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that early introduction of incentive spirometry after LDN significantly reduces the incidence of chest infection (P < .05); however, this benefit may be lost if the introduction of spirometry is delayed.
authors.affiliation: Transplant Unit, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK. krollins@doctors.org.uk
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Rollins
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aggarwal
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fletcher
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Knight
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rigg
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhattacharjya
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017053:Infection Control / Q000379:methods*; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D009392:Nephrectomy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013147:Spirometry; D014019:Tissue Donors; D055815:Young Adult