title: Determination and confirmation of metronidazole, dimetridazole, ronidazole and their metabolites in bovine muscle by LC-MS/MS.
abstract: Nitroimidazoles are a class of veterinary drugs used for the treatment and prevention of certain bacterial and protozoal diseases in poultry, swine dysentery and genital trichomoniasis in cattle. Since the safety assessment of nitroimidazoles showed them to be genotoxic, carcinogenic and mutagenic, a number of nitroimidazoles have been banned for therapeutic purposes in different countries. Moreover, nitroimidazoles have also been extensively used as growth promoters in food-producing animals. Due to their efficacious improvement in meat production and feed conversion, deliberate use still exists. Therefore, the illegal use of nitroimidazoles in animal husbandry must be monitored. A sensitive method based on LC-MS/MS for the simultaneous determination and confirmation of five banned nitroimidazole drugs including metronidazole, ronidazole, dimetridazole, metronidazole-OH (metabolite of metronidazole), and 2-hydroxymethyl-1-methyl-5-nitroimidazole (metabolite of ronidazole and dimetridazole) in bovine muscle, using ronidazole-d3 as an internal standard, was developed and validated. After extraction with ethyl acetate and evaporation, the nitroimidazoles were reconstituted in petroleum ether and purified, and LC-MS/MS analysis was performed. The method was validated according to Brazilian Regulation 24/2009 (equivalent to European Union Decision 2002/657/EC). Parameters such as decision limit (CCα), detection capability (CCβ), precision, accuracy, uncertaincy and ruggedness were determined. Average accuracy of the five nitroimidazoles from bovine muscle fortified at 5 levels (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 μg kg(-1)) ranged from 96% to 103%. The calculated CCα ranged from 0.0 to 0.17 μg kg(-1); CCβ ranged from 0.08 to 0.41 μg kg(-1). A complete statistical analysis was performed and the results indicate that the method is robust when subjected to day-to-day analytical variations.
authors.affiliation: Microbioticos Laboratories, Campinas, Brazil. rodrigo@microbioticos.com
authors.forename: Rodrigo H M M
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Granja
authors.forename: Alfredo M M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Nino
authors.forename: Karine V G
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Reche
authors.forename: Fabio M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Giannotti
authors.forename: Andreia C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: de Lima
authors.forename: Amarylis C B A
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Wanschel
authors.forename: Alessandro G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Salerno
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000032:analysis*; D002417:Cattle; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D004350:Drug Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D009132:Muscles / Q000737:chemistry*; D012015:Reference Standards; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents