title: Trehalose does not affect the functions of human neutrophils in vitro.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Trehalose, naturally occurring disaccharide, has been reported to prevent postoperative abdominal adhesions in animal models. We investigated whether trehalose affects the function of human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) in vitro to assess the feasibility of its clinical application as an anti-adhesive barrier.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human PMNs were obtained from 17 healthy volunteers. Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were used for the bacterial infection model, whereas lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interleukin (IL)-1β were used for inflammation induction model. The PMN phagocytosis rates of bacteria and apoptosis/necrosis were assessed on trehalose, maltose, and control media. Cytokines; namely, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-1α, IL-1Ra, IL-6, and IL-8; and PMN-elastase were measured on each medium in both models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences in the phagocytosis rates, apoptosis/necrosis rates, or levels of all cytokines or PMN-elastase among the three media in the bacterial infection model. There were also no significant differences in the levels of all cytokines and PMN-elastase among the three media in the IL-1β inflammation induction model. PMN-elastase was lower in trehalose and maltose medium after LPS stimulation, at 3 and 24 h.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that trehalose does not affect the cellular function, cytokine production, or release of PMN-elastase of human PMNs in an in vitro bacterial infection model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan, qouji@clin.medic.mie-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Mikio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawamura
authors.forename: Kohei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Otake
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Toiyama
authors.forename: Yoshinaga
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okugawa
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Keiichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.forename: Toshimitsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Araki
authors.forename: Yasuhiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mohri
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kusunoki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019272:Leukocyte Elastase / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009336:Necrosis; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000267:Tissue Adhesions; D014199:Trehalose / Q000494:pharmacology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D014199:Trehalose; D019272:Leukocyte Elastase