title: Development of Reproducible EST-derived SSR Markers and Assessment of Genetic Diversity in Panax ginseng Cultivars and Related Species.
abstract: Little is known about the genetics or genomics of Panax ginseng. In this study, we developed 70 expressed sequence tag-derived polymorphic simple sequence repeat markers by trials of 140 primer pairs. All of the 70 markers showed reproducible polymorphism among four Panax speciesand 19 of them were polymorphic in six P. ginseng cultivars. These markers segregated 1:2:1 manner of Mendelian inheritance in an F2 population of a cross between two P. ginseng cultivars, 'Yunpoong' and 'Chunpoong', indicating that these are reproducible and inheritable mappable markers. A phylogenetic analysis using the genotype data showed three distinctive groups: a P. ginseng-P. japonicus clade, P. notoginseng and P. quinquefolius, with similarity coefficients of 0.70. P. japonicus was intermingled with P. ginseng cultivars, indicating that both species have similar genetic backgrounds. P. ginseng cultivars were subdivided into three minor groups: an independent cultivar 'Chunpoong', a subgroup with three accessions including two cultivars, 'Gumpoong' and 'Yunpoong' and one landrace 'Hwangsook' and another subgroup with two accessions including one cultivar, 'Gopoong' and one landrace 'Jakyung'. Each primer pair produced 1 to 4 bands, indicating that the ginseng genome has a highly replicated paleopolyploid genome structure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Science, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul 151-921, Korea.
authors.forename: Hong-Il
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Nam Hoon
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jun Ha
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Beom Soon
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: In-Ok
authors.initials: IO
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Joon-Soo
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Tae-Jin
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Yang
keywords: Cultivar authentication; Expressed sequence tag-simple sequence repeat; Genetic diversity; Ginseng cultivars; Panax species