title: The effect of ketorolac on pregnancy rates when used immediately after oocyte retrieval.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effect of ketorolac, a potent anti-inflammatory medication, on in vitro fertilization (IVF) pregnancy outcomes when used at the time of oocyte retrieval.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of 454 patients from 2003-2009.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary hospital-affiliated fertility center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive subfertile women undergoing their first IVF cycle.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ketorolac administration immediately after oocyte retrieval.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pregnancy, implantation, live-birth, and miscarriage rates, and postsurgical visual analog pain score.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 454 patients undergoing their first IVF cycle for all indications, 103 received intravenous ketorolac immediately after oocyte retrieval, based on anesthesiologist preference. Patient and procedural characteristics were similar between both groups. The use of ketorolac had no effect on the rates of implantation, miscarriage, pregnancy, live birth, or multiple pregnancy. The patients receiving ketorolac experienced statistically significantly less pain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests ketorolac has no apparent detrimental effect on IVF pregnancy outcomes when administered immediately after oocyte retrieval. Ketorolac appears to be a safe and effective analgesic to use at the time of oocyte retrieval.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA. tolga_mesen@med.unc.edu
authors.forename: Tolga B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Mesen
authors.forename: Lamya
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kacemi-Bourhim
authors.forename: Paul B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Marshburn
authors.forename: Rebecca S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Usadi
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matthews
authors.forename: H James
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Norton
authors.forename: Bradley S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Hurst
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D010064:Embryo Implantation / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007246:Infertility / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D020910:Ketorolac / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D054315:Oocyte Retrieval / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome / Q000453:epidemiology; D018873:Pregnancy Rate; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D020910:Ketorolac
keywords: Implantation; in vitro fertilization; ketorolac; nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents