title: Reduced intra-individual reaction time variability during a Go-NoGo task in detoxified alcohol-dependent patients after one right-sided dorsolateral prefrontal HF-rTMS session.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  As alcohol dependency is characterized by severe executive function deficits, we examined the influence of high-frequency (HF) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) applied to the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) on executive functioning in recently detoxified alcohol-dependent patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this randomized, single blind, sham (placebo)-controlled, crossover study, we included 50 detoxified alcohol-dependent patients. We examined the effect of a single right DLPFC HF-rTMS session on commission errors, mean reaction times (RTs) and intra-individual reaction time variability (IIRTV) during a Go-NoGo task (50% Go/50% NoGo condition) in 29 alcohol-dependent patients. Patients completed this cognitive task immediately before and immediately after the stimulation session. In order to avoid carry-over effects between stimulation sessions, a 1-week inter-session interval was respected. Because rTMS treatment has been shown to affect subjective craving, all patients were also assessed with the Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale (OCDS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  After both stimulation conditions, we observed a significant decrease of commission errors, without differences between active and sham HF-rTMS stimulation. No significant difference was observed between active and sham stimulation on mean RT. However, only active stimulation resulted in a significant decrease in IIRTV. No effects of stimulation were found for the craving measurements.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that in recently detoxified alcohol-dependent patients, one right-sided HF-rTMS session stabilizes cognitive performance during executive control tasks, implying that active stimulation reduces patients' proneness to attentional lapses.
authors.affiliation: Psychiatric Department, University Hospital, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (V.U.B.), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium. sarah.herremans@uzbrussel.be
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Herremans
authors.forename: M-A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Vanderhasselt
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: De Raedt
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Baeken
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007206:Individuality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000378:metabolism*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology*; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult