title: Phenotypic characterization of metastatic anaplastic thyroid cancer stem cells.
abstract: Emerging evidence suggests cancer stem cells (CSCs) may initiate new tumors in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC), one of the most aggressive solid tumors in humans. However, the involvement of CSCs in human tumorigenesis has not been previously studied in authenticated ATC cell lines. Here we demonstrate a functional role of CSCs in four new validated human ATC cell lines (THJ-11T, THJ-16T, THJ-21T and THJ-29T). We identified and enriched CSCs using a spheroid-forming assay. About 3 to 9% of cells from four ATC cell lines formed thyrospheres. The thyrospheres expressed the stem cell markers NANOG and Oct4 and possessed the ability to self-renew. Injection of these thyrospheres into the thyroids of NOD/SCID Il2rg-/- mice resulted in the formation of metastatic tumors that recapitulated the clinical features of human ATC. To our knowledge, this is the first in vivo characterization of thyroid CSCs using validated human ATC cell lines. The availability of disease-specific thyrospheres and our orthotopic tumor models will enable the elucidation of disease mechanisms and the environmental niche of CSCs. They may also be useful for preclinical therapeutic screening and for monitoring the effects of biological therapies on ATC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America.
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ashley N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Reeb
authors.forename: William A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Sewell
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Elhomsy
authors.forename: Reigh-Yi
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D063646:Carcinogenesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002999:Clone Cells; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary*; D051379:Mice; D016688:Mice, Inbred NOD; D016513:Mice, SCID; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D010641:Phenotype; D018874:Spheroids, Cellular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D065646:Thyroid Carcinoma, Anaplastic; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D002945:Cisplatin