title: How a submarine returns to periscope depth: analysing complex socio-technical systems using Cognitive Work Analysis.
abstract: This paper presents the application of Cognitive Work Analysis to the description of the functions, situations, activities, decisions, strategies, and competencies of a Trafalgar class submarine when performing the function of returning to periscope depth. All five phases of Cognitive Work Analysis are presented, namely: Work Domain Analysis, Control Task Analysis, Strategies Analysis, Social Organisation and Cooperation Analysis, and Worker Competencies Analysis. Complex socio-technical systems are difficult to analyse but Cognitive Work Analysis offers an integrated way of analysing complex systems with the core of functional means-ends analysis underlying all of the other representations. The joined-up analysis offers a coherent framework for understanding how socio-technical systems work. Data were collected through observation and interviews at different sites across the UK. The resultant representations present a statement of how the work domain and current activities are configured in this complex socio-technical system. This is intended to provide a baseline, from which all future conceptions of the domain may be compared. The strength of the analysis is in the multiple representations from which the constraints acting on the work may be analysed. Future research needs to challenge the assumptions behind these constraints in order to develop new ways of working.
authors.affiliation: Transportation Research Group, Civil, Maritime, Environmental Engineering and Science, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK. Electronic address: n.stanton@soton.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Neville A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Stanton
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bessell
mesh_terms: D003071:Cognition; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008889:Military Personnel; D009326:Naval Medicine; D012767:Ships; D013597:Systems Analysis; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D006113:United Kingdom
keywords: Cognitive Work Analysis; Socio-technical systems; Submarine; Team work