title: Plug-and-play modules for flexible radiosynthesis.
abstract: We present a plug-and-play radiosynthesis platform and accompanying computer software based on modular subunits that can easily and flexibly be configured to implement a diverse range of radiosynthesis protocols. Modules were developed that perform: (i) reagent storage and delivery, (ii) evaporations and sealed reactions, and (iii) cartridge-based purifications. The reaction module incorporates a simple robotic mechanism that removes tubing from the vessel and replaces it with a stopper prior to sealed reactions, enabling the system to withstand high pressures and thus provide tremendous flexibility in choice of solvents and temperatures. Any number of modules can rapidly be connected together using only a few fluidic connections to implement a particular synthesis, and the resulting system is controlled in a semi-automated fashion by a single software interface. Radiosyntheses of 2-[(18)F]fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose ([(18)F]FDG), 1-[(18)F]fluoro-4-nitrobenzene ([(18)F]FNB), and 2'-deoxy-2'-[(18)F]fluoro-1-β-d-arabinofuranosyl cytosine (d-[(18)F]FAC) were performed to validate the system and demonstrate its versatility.
authors.affiliation: Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Herman
authors.forename: Graciela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Flores
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Quinn
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eddings
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Olma
authors.forename: Melissa D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Huijiang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Krzysztof P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Bobinski
authors.forename: Mingwei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Darin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wiliams
authors.forename: Clifton Kwang-Fu
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Phelps
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Michael van Dam
mesh_terms: D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D017022:Flow Injection Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D007553:Isotope Labeling / Q000295:instrumentation*; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012371:Robotics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D018511:Systems Integration
chemical_list: D005462:Fluorine Radioisotopes; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals