title: Dose planning study of target volume coverage with intensity- modulated radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Penang General Hospital experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To compare the dosimetric coverage of target volumes and organs at risk in the radical treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) between intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and three- dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from 10 consecutive patients treated with IMRT from June-October 2011 in Penang General Hospital were collected retrospectively for analysis. For each patient, dose volume histograms were generated for both the IMRT and 3DCRT plans using a total dose of 70Gy. Comparison of the plans was accomplished by comparing the target volume coverage (5 measures) and sparing of organs at risk (17 organs) for each patient using both IMRT and 3DCRT. The means of each comparison target volume coverage measures and organs at risk measures were obtained and tested for statistical significance using the paired Student t-test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All 5 measures for target volume coverage showed marked dosimetric superiority of IMRT over 3DCRT. V70 and V66.5 for PTV70 showed an absolute improvement of 39.3% and 24.1% respectively. V59.4 and V56.4 for PTV59.4 showed advantages of 18.4% and 16.4%. Moreover, the mean PTV70 dose revealed a 5.1 Gy higher dose with IMRT. Only 4 out of 17 organs at risk showed statistically significant difference in their means which were clinically meaningful between the IMRT and 3DCRT techniques. IMRT was superior in sparing the spinal cord (less 5.8Gy), V30 of right parotid (less 14.3%) and V30 of the left parotid (less 13.1%). The V55 of the left cochlea was lower with 3DCRT (less 44.3%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IMRT is superior to 3DCRT due to its dosimetric advantage in target volume coverage while delivering acceptable doses to organs at risk. A total dose of 70Gy with IMRT should be considered as a standard of care for radical treatment of NPC.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Oncology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. vince_phua@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Phua Chee Ee
authors.forename: Boon Seang
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Ai Lian
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Kae Yann
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Eng
authors.forename: Bong Seng
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: Ngie Min
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Ung
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002277:Carcinoma; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077274:Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma; D009303:Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal; D050397:Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated; D012189:Retrospective Studies