title: The impact of non-surgical periodontal treatment on serum levels of long chain-polyunsaturated fatty acids: a pilot randomized clinical trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our group recently found higher levels of serum long chain-polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) in patients with chronic periodontitis compared to controls. However, the effect of periodontal treatment on LC-PUFA serum levels has not been investigated. The primary aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of periodontal treatment on LC-PUFA serum levels. A secondary aim was to assess the effect of dietary ω-3 supplementation on clinical outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  The test group was composed of 10 patients with generalized chronic periodontitis (mean age 44 ± 6.4 years) treated with scaling and root planing associated with 4 mo of ω-3 supplementation eicosapetaenoic acid (EPA) plus docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), 3 g/d. The placebo group was composed of 11 patients (47.9 ± 10.5 years) that received scaling and root planing plus placebo. The periodontal examination included probing depth, clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing and visible plaque index. Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), EPA, DHA and arachidonic acid (AA) were detected using gas chromatograph.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the placebo group, all LC-PUFAs levels reduced significantly (DHA, DPA and AA, p = 0.004; EPA, p = 0.008). In the test group, only DPA and AA showed a significant reduction (p = 0.005). Moreover, a significant decrease in the ratios AA/EPA and AA/DHA (p = 0.005) was observed in the test group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Non-surgical periodontal treatment reduced significantly the serum levels of all analyzed LC-PUFAs except those presented in the supplementation. The ω-3 dietary supplementation had no effect on clinical outcome of treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Koury
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Brito
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gustafsson
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Figueredo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000097:blood; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy*; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D012534:Dental Scaling / Q000379:methods; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy; D010865:Pilot Projects; D010919:Placebos; D016745:Root Planing / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D010919:Placebos; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid; C026219:docosapentaenoic acid
keywords: non-surgical periodontal treatment; omega-3 supplementation; periodontitis; polyunsaturated fatty acid