title: Implant Fixture Heat Transfer During Abutment Preparation.
abstract: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of water flow rate on the heat transmission in implants during abutment preparation using a diamond bur in a high-speed dental turbine. Titanium-alloy abutments (n = 32) were connected to a titanium-alloy implant embedded in an acrylic resin within a water bath at a controlled temperature of 37°C. The specimens were equally distributed into 2 groups (16 each) according to the water flow rate used during the preparation phase. Group 1 had a water flow rate of 24 mL/min, and group 2 had a water flow rate of 40 mL/min. Each abutment was prepared in the axial plane for 1 minute and in the occlusal plane for 1 minute with a coarse tapered diamond bur using a high-speed dental handpiece. Thermocouples embedded at the cervix of the implant surface were used to record the temperature of heat transmission from the abutment preparation. Heat generation was measured at 3 distinct times (immediately and 30 seconds and 60 seconds after the end of preparation). Statistical analyses were carried out using 2-way analysis of variance and the Student t test. Water flow rates (24 mL vs 40 mL) and time interval had no statistically significant effect on the implant's temperature change during the abutment preparation stage (P = .431 and P = .064, respectively). Increasing the water flow rate from 24 to 40 mL/min had no influence on the temperature of the implant fixture recorded during preparation of the abutment.
authors.affiliation: 1  Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Khalil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aleisa
authors.affiliation: 2  Dental Center, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Abdullah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alkeraidis
authors.affiliation: 3  Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
authors.forename: Ziad Nawaf
authors.initials: ZN
authors.lastname: Al-Dwairi
authors.affiliation: 2  Dental Center, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Hamdi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Altahawi
authors.affiliation: 4  Warwick Dentistry, Warwick Medical School, University Of Warwick, Warwick, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lynch
mesh_terms: D000044:Dental Abutments; D015921:Dental Implants; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008422:Materials Testing; D013499:Surface Properties; D013821:Thermometers; D014025:Titanium
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants; D014025:Titanium
keywords: abutment preparation; heat transfer; implant abutment; water flow rate