title: Significance of urinary incontinence, age, and consciousness level on arrival among patients with stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We retrospectively investigated prognostic factors including urinary incontinence on arrival among the patients with stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  A medical chart review was retrospectively performed for patients with stoke admitted between January 2010 and December 2010 in Ken-o Tokorozawa Hospital which had stroke care unit. The subjects were divided into a control group (functional outcome with modified Rankin scale (mRS) 0-3 at 3 months) and a poor group (severe disability or death, mRS 4-6).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 160 cases that had favorable outcome (the Control group) and 77 cases that had poor outcome (the Poor group). There were no significant differences between the two groups concerning the sex ratio, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, temperature, ratio of diabetes mellitus. However, the average age, ratio of hemorrhagic stroke, ratio of patients with a previous stroke, ratio of urinary incontinence upon admission, and duration of hospitalization in the Poor group was significantly higher than in the Control group. The Glasgow Coma Scale upon admission and ratio of hypertension in the Poor group were significantly lower than that in the Control group. Using a multiple logistic regression analysis, urinary incontinence (odds ratio, 3.17; 95% confidence interval, 1.45-6.93; P = 0.002), age (odds ratio, 1.04; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.07; P = 0.003) and Glasgow Coma Scale (odds ratio, 0.87; 95% confidence interval, 0.78-0.97; P = 0.01) were found to be factors independently associated with a poor outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among the patients with strokes, the presence of urinary incontinence on arrival, the old age, and the level of consciousness are important prognostic factors. Physicians should therefore check for these factors when evaluating a patient who has experienced a stroke or suspected stroke.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Youichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yanagawa
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshihara
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iba
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanaka
keywords: Outcome; stroke; urinary incontinence