title: Effects of gas exchange on acid-base balance.
abstract: This paper describes the interactions between ventilation and acid-base balance under a variety of conditions including rest, exercise, altitude, pregnancy, and various muscle, respiratory, cardiac, and renal pathologies. We introduce the physicochemical approach to assessing acid-base status and demonstrate how this approach can be used to quantify the origins of acid-base disorders using examples from the literature. The relationships between chemoreceptor and metaboreceptor control of ventilation and acid-base balance summarized here for adults, youth, and in various pathological conditions. There is a dynamic interplay between disturbances in acid-base balance, that is, exercise, that affect ventilation as well as imposed or pathological disturbances of ventilation that affect acid-base balance. Interactions between ventilation and acid-base balance are highlighted for moderate- to high-intensity exercise, altitude, induced acidosis and alkalosis, pregnancy, obesity, and some pathological conditions. In many situations, complete acid-base data are lacking, indicating a need for further research aimed at elucidating mechanistic bases for relationships between alterations in acid-base state and the ventilatory responses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada. mlinding@uoguelph.ca
authors.forename: Michael I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Lindinger
authors.forename: George J F
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Heigenhauser
mesh_terms: D000136:Acid-Base Equilibrium / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D011659:Pulmonary Gas Exchange / Q000502:physiology*