title: Analysis of urinary metabolites for breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy by CE-MS coupled with on-line concentration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to explore the relationship between urinary metabolites and clinical chemotherapy response in breast cancer by CE-MS coupled with on-line concentration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Urine samples were obtained from patients with advanced or locally advanced breast cancer (n=21) before and after chemotherapy and healthy volunteers (n=21). A rapid and sensitive hexadimethrine bromide-coating CE-MS method coupled with normal stacking is developed for the determination of organic acids in human urine. Another CE-MS method coupled with pH-mediated sample stacking is used for the analysis of amino acids and organic acids.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After receiving chemotherapy, chemotherapy-sensitive patients showed 30% change in metabolite levels compared to healthy people, while chemotherapy-insensitive patients showed only 9% change in metabolite levels compared to healthy people showing recurrence. The extent of energy insufficiency for chemotherapy-insensitive patients was greater than that for chemotherapy-sensitive patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Urinary metabolic products may be new potential predictive markers for therapy efficacy. However, more studies with a larger sample size are required to confirm these conclusions.
authors.affiliation: The First Affiliated Hospital of College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, PR China.
authors.forename: Lanfang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: The First Affiliated Hospital of College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, PR China.
authors.forename: Sui
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
authors.forename: Xingchu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
authors.forename: Shufang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: The First Affiliated Hospital of College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, PR China. Electronic address: shenp@zju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000032:analysis; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000652:urine*; D002264:Carboxylic Acids / Q000032:analysis; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006583:Hexadimethrine Bromide / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D055442:Metabolome; D008875:Middle Aged; D009862:Online Systems; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D012015:Reference Standards; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012996:Solutions
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D002264:Carboxylic Acids; D012996:Solutions; D006583:Hexadimethrine Bromide
keywords: Amino acid; Breast cancer; CE-MS; Organic acid; Urine