title: Cholinesterase activity in the tissues of bivalves Noah's ark shell (Arca noae) and warty venus (Venus verrucosa): characterisation and in vitro sensitivity to organophosphorous pesticide trichlorfon.
abstract: Cholinesterase (ChE, EC 3.1.1.7) activity was investigated in gills and adductor muscle of two bivalve species: Arca noae and Venus verrucosa. The properties of ChEs were investigated using acetylcholine iodide (ASCh), butyrylcholine iodide (BSCh) and propionylcholine iodide (PrSCh) as substrates and eserine, BW254c51 and iso-OMPA as specific inhibitors. The highest level of ChE activity in crude tissue extracts was detected with PrSCh followed by ASCh, while values obtained with BSCh were apparently low, except in A. noae adductor muscle. The enzyme activity in A. noae gills and V. verrucosa gills and adductor muscle was significantly inhibited by BW254c51, but not with iso-OMPA. ChE activity in adductor muscle of A. noae was significantly reduced by both diagnostic inhibitors. The effect of organophosphorous pesticide trichlorfon on ChE activity was investigated in vitro in both species as well as in the gills of mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis. The highest sensitivity of ChE to trichlorfon was observed in A. noae gills and adductor muscle (IC50 1.6×10(-7)M and 1.1×10(-7)M, respectively), followed by M. galloprovincialis gills (IC50 1.0×10(-6)M) and V. verrucosa gills and adductor muscle (IC50 1.7×10(-5)M and 0.9×10(-5)M, respectively). The results of this study suggest the potential of ChE activity measurement in the tissues of A. noae as effective biomarker of OP exposure in marine environment.
authors.affiliation: Ruđer Bošković Instititute, Center for Marine Research, G. Paliaga 5, 52210 Rovinj, Croatia. lorena.peric@cim.irb.hr
authors.forename: Lorena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Perić
authors.forename: Luka
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ribarić
authors.forename: Vedrana
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Nerlović
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine; D000818:Animals; D049872:Bivalvia / Q000201:enzymology*; D002794:Choline / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D002802:Cholinesterases / Q000378:metabolism*; D005880:Gills / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D009132:Muscles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D010575:Pesticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D013045:Species Specificity; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013770:Tetraisopropylpyrophosphamide / Q000494:pharmacology; D014236:Trichlorfon / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D010575:Pesticides; C017100:butyrylcholine; C009062:propionylcholine; D013770:Tetraisopropylpyrophosphamide; D014236:Trichlorfon; D002802:Cholinesterases; D002794:Choline; D000109:Acetylcholine