title: [Interaction of mutagens in binary mixtures using the alkaline comet assay in human lymphocytes].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mutagens contained in complex mixtures can present synergistic interactions, either additive or antagonistic. Therefore, development of experimental approaches is necessary to elucidate which is the responsible agent for the effect in the mixtures.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  An experimental design was developed that allowed an understanding of the processes between the compounds of complex mixtures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human lymphocytes were exposed to binary mixtures of the mutagens B[a]P, DMBA, Trp-P-1 and MX for 1 hour with or without S9. Viability was assessed with trypan blue dye and the genotoxicity by the comet assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All of the hydrocarbon showed an effect with furanone. With and without S9, the most toxic interactions were observed between hydrocarbons. Synergistic interaction was observed without S9 between B [a] P and Trp-P-1 and between DMBA and Trp-P-1 with metabolic activity. Without S9 antagonistic interaction was observed only between Trp-P-1+DMBA, and with S9 between Trp-P-1+MX and MX+DMBA. It observed an increase dose dependent in tail length. Half the cultures showed genotoxic damage and increased cell damage. For each mixture, minimum concentrations were determined at which adverse effects are observed; for some only the maximum concentration was determined at which no adverse effects are observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The processes between mutagens present in a mixture have become better understood, and the results validated an analytical model that determined which component had an effect on another. The results also showed that the type of compounds in the mixture determined whether or not a risk threshold was present.
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Biología de Sistema, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia. isabel.ortiz@upb.edu.co
authors.forename: Isabel C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Ortiz
authors.forename: Carlos A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Peláez
authors.forename: Luz Yaneth
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Orozco
authors.forename: Margarita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zuleta
mesh_terms: D015127:9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D000328:Adult; D001564:Benzo(a)pyrene / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D001711:Biotransformation; D002243:Carbolines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D020552:Comet Assay; D004249:DNA Damage; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005663:Furans / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008297:Male; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D009153:Mutagens / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D002243:Carbolines; D005663:Furans; D009153:Mutagens; D001564:Benzo(a)pyrene; D015127:9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene; C054121:3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone; C019132:3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido(4,3-b)indole