title: Efficacy of trivalent seasonal influenza vaccination in reducing mortality and hospitalization in Chinese nursing home older adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the clinical efficacy of the trivalent seasonal influenza vaccination among Chinese older adults residing in a nursing home.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 12-month prospective cohort study. Participants were divided into 2 groups based on their own choice on vaccination of trivalent seasonal influenza vaccine: vaccinated group and unvaccinated group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-eight nursing homes in Hong Kong.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1859 older adults residing in a nursing home.
  
  
  METHODS
  All-cause mortality, pneumonia-related mortality, all-cause hospitalization, and pneumonia-related hospitalization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1859 older adults residing in a nursing home were included: 1214 (65.3%) in the vaccinated group and 645 (34.7%) in the unvaccinated group. At 12 months of study, for all-cause mortality, 14.6% (177 of 1214) of the vaccinated group and 20.2% (130 of 645) of the unvaccinated group had died (P < .001). Multivariate analysis showed the hazard ratio for the vaccinated group was 0.72 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.54-0.95; P < .01). For pneumonia-related mortality, 9.4% (114 of 1214) of the vaccinated group and 12.7% (82 of 645) of the unvaccinated group died (P = .033). Multivariate analysis showed the hazard ratio for the vaccinated group was 0.80 (CI: 0.62-0.98; P < .05). The median number of all-cause hospitalizations per 1000 person-months was 55 (0-111) for the vaccinated group and 55 (0-167) for the unvaccinated group (P < .01). The median number of pneumonia-related hospitalizations per 1000 person-months was 0 (0-55) for the vaccinated group and 0 (0-111) for the unvaccinated group (P < .01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vaccination of trivalent seasonal influenza vaccine in Chinese nursing home older adults significantly reduced all-cause and pneumonia-related mortality and hospitalization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, The University of Hong Kong, Fung Yiu King Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China; Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China. Electronic address: tuenching@yahoo.com.hk.
authors.forename: Tuen-Ching
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fan-Ngai Hung
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ka-Hay Luk
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chiu-Yat Woo
authors.forename: Leung-Wing
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: Felix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hon-Wai Chan
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006723:Hong Kong / Q000453:epidemiology; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009735:Nursing Homes; D011024:Pneumonia, Viral / Q000401:mortality*; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D007252:Influenza Vaccines
keywords: Chinese; Efficacy; hospitalization; influenza vaccination; mortality; nursing home