title: Antioxidant support in composite musculo-adipose-fasciocutaneous flap applications: an experimental study.
abstract: Free radicals are chemicals that play roles in the etio-pathogenesis of ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Various antioxidants have been used in an attempt to mitigate the damage induced by these chemicals. In the present study, the antioxidative effects of grape seed extract (proanthocyanidin), tomato extract (lycopene), and vitamin C (ascorbic acid) on a composite re-established-flow inferior epigastric artery based rectus abdominis muscle-skin flap model on which experimental ischaemia was induced were investigated. The rats have been administered antioxidants for 2 weeks prior to the surgery and for 2 more weeks thereafter. Macroscopic, histopathological, and biochemical analyses were carried out at the decision of the experiment. It was found that flap skin island necrosis was significantly reduced in the proanthocyanidin, lycopene, vitamin C groups (p < 0.001). Statistical analyses showed significant decreases in inflammation, oedema, congestion, and granulation tissue in the proanthocyanidin and lycopene groups compared to the vitamin C and control groups (p < 0.001). When the viability rates of fat and muscle tissues were examined, significant improvements were found in the proanthocyanidin and lycopene groups in comparison to the other groups (p < 0.001). Serum antioxidant capacity measurements revealed significant differences in the lycopene group compared to all other groups (p < 0.001). It is concluded that lycopene and proanthocyanidin are protective antioxidants in rat composite muscle-skin flap ischaemia-reperfusion models.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery and Burn Center, Dicle University Medical Faculty , Diyarbakir , Turkey and Kartal Dr. Lufti Kirdar Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bozkurt
authors.forename: Emin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kapi
authors.forename: Yalcin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kulahci
authors.forename: Ercan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gedik
authors.forename: Selver
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ozekinci
authors.forename: Fatma Birgul
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Isik
authors.forename: Yusuf
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Celik
authors.forename: Caferi Tayyar
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Selcuk
authors.forename: Samet Vasfi
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Kuvat
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D064595:Composite Tissue Allografts; D056604:Grape Seed Extract / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077276:Lycopene; D008297:Male; D009336:Necrosis; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D056604:Grape Seed Extract; D002338:Carotenoids; D001205:Ascorbic Acid; D000077276:Lycopene