title: Efficacy of video capsule endoscopy with flexible spectral imaging color enhancement at setting 3 for differential diagnosis of red spots in the small bowel.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Red spots on the small bowel mucosa are observed in patients with angioectasia and enteritis. The present study investigated the effectiveness of capsule endoscopy (CE)-flexible spectral imaging color enhancement (FICE) as a method for differential diagnosis of the two conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects were 30 patients who underwent CE and double-balloon endoscopy at Dokkyo Medical University Hospital between February 2007 and January 2013. Of these 30 patients, those diagnosed with angioectasia were assigned to Group A (n = 13) and those diagnosed with enteritis were assigned to Group E (n = 17).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using FICE at setting 3 and comparing the color intensity of the red spots on a four-step scale (0-3), no statistically significant (P = 0.712) difference was found between the twogroups (Group A: 2.69 ± 0.48, Group E: 2.76 ± 0.56). Subjects were considered to show a positive blue sign when areas of blue were observed against the yellow-green background and surrounding the red spots. A comparison of the ratio of positive blue sign for both groups (Group A: 15.4% ± 37.6%, Group E: 94.1% ± 24.2%) showed a statistically significant increase in the ratio in Group E (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the present study suggest that blue sign may be effective in the differential diagnosis of angioectasia and enteritis in patients with red spots.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsunori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hiraishi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016888:Angiodysplasia / Q000175:diagnosis*; D053704:Capsule Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D058582:Double-Balloon Enteroscopy / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007410:Intestinal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000098:blood supply*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies
keywords: angioectasia; blue sign; capsule endoscopy; flexible spectral imaging color enhancement (FICE); red spot