title: Use of whole grain and refined flour from tannin and non-tannin sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) varieties in frybread.
abstract: Frybreads were prepared using wheat flour and wheat-sorghum composite flours (refined and whole grain; white, tannin-free and red, tannin-containing) at 0, 25, 50, and 75% sorghum flour. Hardness, volume, specific volume, color, and oil uptake were determined. Frybreads made with refined white, tannin-free sorghum were also evaluated in a sensory panel. Substitution of sorghum flour for wheat flour reduced the volume and increased the darkness of the fried dough pieces compared with wheat flour controls. Oil absorption was unaffected when using white, tannin-free sorghum. When using red, tannin-containing sorghum, oil absorption increased for refined flour and decreased for whole grain flour, suggesting that a component only present in the whole grain tannin-containing Sorghum--perhaps tannins themselves--may decrease oil uptake. Panelists rated frybreads containing up to 50% white, tannin-free sorghum flour as not significantly different from control frybreads made with refined wheat flour.
authors.forename: Devin J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Rose
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Nyambe L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Mkandawire
authors.forename: Curtis L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Weller
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Jackson
mesh_terms: D065966:Absorption, Physicochemical; D000818:Animals; D001939:Bread / Q000032:analysis*; D003258:Consumer Behavior; D003296:Cooking; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; D002523:Edible Grain; D005433:Flour; D006801:Humans; D012677:Sensation; D045868:Sorghum / Q000737:chemistry*; D013634:Tannins / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; D013634:Tannins