title: Three main factors define changes in fecal microbiota associated with feeding modality in infants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There are many differences in the fecal infant microbiota associated with various feeding methods. The aim of this study was to examine the major differences in the fecal microbiota of breast-fed (BF) and formula-fed (FF) infants and to describe the principal bacterial components that would explain the variability in the predominant bacterial families and genus clusters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fecal samples from 58 infants, 31 of whom were exclusively BF and 27 of whom were exclusively FF with a standard formula in agreement with the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition recommendations, were analyzed by fluorescent in situ hybridization combined with flow cytometry. Principal component analysis was used to maximize the information gained for the predominant bacterial families and genus clusters using a minimal number of bacterial groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The predominant detected group was Bifidobacterium, followed by Enterobacteriaceae and Bacteroides in both BF and FF infants. The Lactobacillus group was the only independent variable associated with FF infants. We also found that 3 principal components were sufficient to describe the association between the bacterial group, genus, and species studied in BF and FF infants; however, these components differed between BF and FF infants. For the former, the 3 factors found were Bifidobacterium/Enterobacteriaceae, Lactobacillus/Bacteroides, and Clostridium coccoides/Atopobium; for the latter, Bifidobacterium/Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides and C coccoides were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a clear clustering of components of infant microbiota based on the feeding method.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II †Department of Microbiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "Jose Mataix" Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Armilla, Granada ‡Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Veterinary Faculty, University of Murcia §Hero Global Technology Center for Infant Nutrition, Hero Group, Alcantarilla ||Pediatric Service, Virgen de la Arrixaca Hospital, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gomez-Llorente
authors.forename: Julio
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Plaza-Diaz
authors.forename: Margarita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aguilera
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Muñoz-Quezada
authors.forename: Miriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bermudez-Brito
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Peso-Echarri
authors.forename: Rosario
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Martinez-Silla
authors.forename: M Isabel
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Vasallo-Morillas
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Campaña-Martin
authors.forename: Inmaculada
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Vives-Piñera
authors.forename: Maria J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Ballesta-Martinez
authors.forename: Angel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gil
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria; D001903:Bottle Feeding; D001942:Breast Feeding; D003106:Colon / Q000382:microbiology*; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D041943:Infant Formula; D064307:Microbiota; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D013045:Species Specificity