title: Persistent inflammation and endothelial activation in HIV-1 infected patients after 12 years of antiretroviral therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study investigated markers of inflammation and endothelial activation in HIV infected patients after 12 years of successful combination antiretroviral treatment (cART).
  
  
  METHODS
  Inflammation and endothelial activation were assessed by measuring levels of immunoglobulins, β2-microglobulin, interleukin (IL) 8, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), sE-Selectin, and sP-Selectin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HIV infected patients had higher levels of β2-microglobulin, IL-8, TNFα, and sICAM-1 than uninfected controls, and HIV infected patients lacked correlation between platelet counts and sP-Selectin levels found in uninfected controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Discrete signs of systemic and vascular inflammation persist even after very long term cART.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark. frederikkefr@gmail.com
authors.forename: Frederikke F
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Rönsholt
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ullum
authors.forename: Terese L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Katzenstein
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gerstoft
authors.forename: Sisse R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Ostrowski
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000097:blood; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007136:Immunoglobulins / Q000097:blood; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019007:P-Selectin / Q000097:blood; D010976:Platelet Count; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood; D001613:beta 2-Microglobulin / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D019040:E-Selectin; D007136:Immunoglobulins; D016209:Interleukin-8; D019007:P-Selectin; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D001613:beta 2-Microglobulin; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1