title: The role of diet and physical activity in post-transplant weight gain after renal transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Long-term survival of renal transplant recipients (RTR) has not improved over the past 20 yr. The question rises to what extent lifestyle factors play a role in post-transplant weight gain and its associated risks after transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six RTR were measured for body weight, body composition, blood lipids, renal function, dietary intake, and physical activity at six wk, and three, six, and 12 months after transplantation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Weight gain ranged between -2.4 kg and 19.5 kg and was largely due to increase in body fat. RTR who remained body fat stable, showed more daily physical activity (p = 0.014), tended to consume less energy from drinks and dairy (p = 0.054), consumed less mono- and disaccharides (sugars) (p = 0.021) and ate more vegetables (p = 0.043) compared with those who gained body fat. Gain in body fat was strongly related to total cholesterol (r = 0.46, p = 0.017) and triglyceride (r = 0.511, p = 0.011) at one yr after transplantation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gain in adiposity after renal transplantation is related to lifestyle factors such as high consumption of energy-rich drinks, high intake of mono- and disaccharides and low daily physical activity. RCTs are needed to investigate potential benefits of lifestyle intervention on long-term morbidity and mortality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, Sector A, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands. d.m.zelle@umcg.nl
authors.forename: Dorien M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Zelle
authors.forename: Trijntje
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kok
authors.forename: Manon L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Dontje
authors.forename: Eva I
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Danchell
authors.forename: Gerjan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Navis
authors.forename: Willem J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: van Son
authors.forename: Stephan J L
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Bakker
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Corpeleijn
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004032:Diet; D002149:Energy Intake; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology / Q000601:surgery*; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000209:etiology; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D015430:Weight Gain
keywords: hyperlipidemia; lifestyle; obesity; overweight; renal transplant recipients; sodium intake