title: The acute, developmental, genetic and inhalation toxicology of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf).
abstract: 2,3,3,3-Tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf) is being developed as a refrigerant because it has a very low global warming potential (less than 10), as contrasted to the hydrofluorocarbons, which is intended to replace with values of over 500. Several toxicology studies were conducted to develop a toxicology profile for this material. There was no lethality in mice and rats receiving single 4-hour exposures up to 101,850 or 405,800 ppm, respectively. Additionally, there was no mortality or clinical signs of toxicity when rabbits were exposed to 100,000 ppm for 1 hour. Exposures up to 120,000 ppm did not induce cardiac sensitization to adrenalin in dogs. Rats were exposed to HFO-1234yf at levels of 5000, 20,000 and 50,000 ppm 6 hours/day 5 days/week for 2 weeks and at levels of 5000, 15,000 and 50,000 ppm for 4 weeks and for 90 days. No treatment-related adverse effects were noted in these studies. HFO-1234yf was not genotoxic in a mouse and a rat micronucleus assay, and unscheduled DNA synthesis assay and was not clastogenic in human lymphocytes. HFO-1234yf was mutagenic to Salmonella typhimurium TA 100 and Escherichia coli (WP2 uvrA) at concentrations of 20% and higher in the presence of metabolic activation only. There were no biologically significant effects in a rat developmental toxicity study with exposures up to 50,000 ppm.
authors.affiliation: Honeywell International, Morristown, NJ 07962-1139, USA. ann.tveit@honeywell.com
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tveit
authors.forename: George M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Rusch
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Muijser
authors.forename: Mariska-M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Tegelenbosch-Schouten
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001985:Bronchial Provocation Tests; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations / Q000139:chemically induced*; D004261:DNA Replication / Q000187:drug effects; D004285:Dogs; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012034:Refrigeration / Q000379:methods; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects*; D013997:Time Factors; D014116:Toxicology / Q000379:methods; D006845:Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated
chemical_list: D005466:Fluorocarbons; C528198:2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene; D006845:Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated