title: [Relationship between recurrent spontaneous abortion and the level of interferon-γ and interleukin-4 in peripheral blood and gingival crevicular fluid of patients with chronic periodontitis].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relationship between recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) and the level of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) in peripheral blood and gingival crevicular fluid of patients with chronic periodontitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty pregnant women with recurrent spontaneous abortion (gestational age: 5 - 28 weeks) and 40 pregnant women (gestational age: 39 - 41 weeks) were included and their periodontal status was examined. The level of IFN-γ and IL-4 in gingival crevicular fluid and peripheral blood was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine RSA women and 5 in control group had periodontitis. The prevalence of periodontitis in RSA group was 18% (9/50) and 13% (5/40) in the control group (P < 0.05). The probing depth, attachment loss and bleeding index in RSA group were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The level of IFN-γ was (52.98 ± 17.56) ng/L in gingival crevicular fluid of RSA group and (25.25 ± 7.93) ng/L in control group (P < 0.01). The level of IL-4 was (15.43 ± 1.77) ng/L in gingival crevicular fluid of RSA group and (19.62 ± 4.04) ng/L in control group (P < 0.01). The content of IFN-γ was (27.79 ± 3.59) ng/L in peripheral blood of RSA group and (18.39 ± 2.65) ng/L in control group (P < 0.05). The content of IL-4 was (15.88 ± 0.95) ng/L in peripheral blood of RSA group and (22.98 ± 4.30) ng/L in control group (P < 0.001). The content of cytokines in gingival crevicular fluid and peripheral blood in the same group was positively related (r > 0.8, P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pregnant women of RSA have a higher chance of getting periodontitis. The change in the level of cytokines in periodontal tissue could result in excursion of maternal intrauterine immune environment to T-helper 1 (Th1). Periodontitis was related to RSA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Xiang-bo
authors.initials: XB
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.forename: Jiang-yuan
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ruan
mesh_terms: D000026:Abortion, Habitual / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D000328:Adult; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: C573415:IFNG protein, human; C508598:IL4 protein, human; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma