title: Maternal dietary restriction alters offspring's sleep homeostasis.
abstract: Nutritional state in the gestation period influences fetal growth and development. We hypothesized that undernutrition during gestation would affect offspring sleep architecture and/or homeostasis. Pregnant female mice were assigned to either control (fed ad libitum; AD) or 50% dietary restriction (DR) groups from gestation day 12 to parturition. After parturition, dams were fed AD chow. After weaning, the pups were also fed AD into adulthood. At adulthood (aged 8-9 weeks), we carried out sleep recordings. Although offspring mice displayed a significantly reduced body weight at birth, their weights recovered three days after birth. Enhancement of electroencephalogram (EEG) slow wave activity (SWA) during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep was observed in the DR mice over a 24-hour period without changing the diurnal pattern or amounts of wake, NREM, or rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. In addition, DR mice also displayed an enhancement of EEG-SWA rebound after a 6-hour sleep deprivation and a higher threshold for waking in the face of external stimuli. DR adult offspring mice exhibited small but significant increases in the expression of hypothalamic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (Pparα) and brain-specific carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (Cpt1c) mRNA, two genes involved in lipid metabolism. Undernutrition during pregnancy may influence sleep homeostasis, with offspring exhibiting greater sleep pressure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Physiology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Noriyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Sachiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chikahisa
authors.forename: Yuina
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishi
authors.forename: Saki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.forename: Yohei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Iwaki
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fujihara
authors.forename: Kazuyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kitaoka
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shiuchi
authors.forename: Hiroyoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Séi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D031204:Caloric Restriction; D002334:Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004032:Diet; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006706:Homeostasis; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D047493:PPAR alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D012895:Sleep, REM; D014851:Wakefulness
chemical_list: D047493:PPAR alpha; C558401:CPT1B protein, mouse; D002334:Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase