title: Research on the practical parameters of sex pheromone traps for the oriental fruit moth.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The oriental fruit moth (OFM) is a worldwide fruit-boring insect pest. In China, OFM monitoring traps use a sex pheromone lure, but their overall design is varied. As such, there is a critical need to develop a standardised OFM trap design. In this field study, ten different trap shapes in varying combinations of colours and sizes (such as trap length and surface area) were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that there was no significant difference in the trapping efficiency between eight colours. The ship-shaped trap could kill more OFM in a short period, whereas the automatic watering basin trap could be more effective in the long run. The optimal trapping diameter of the basin trap was 25 cm. The trapping efficiency of triangle traps with diameters of less than 10 cm was better than that of triangle traps with diameters of over 30 cm. The trapping number of pasteboard traps obviously declined when the surface area increased, and the pasteboard trap with a single board possessed excellent trapping efficiency.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results provide useful information for the design of standardised sex pheromone traps for monitoring as well as trapping of OFM in the field.
authors.affiliation: College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China.
authors.forename: Zhi-guo
authors.initials: ZG
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Er-hua
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Rong
authors.forename: Sheng-Cai
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Li-jun
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Wei-na
authors.initials: WN
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.forename: Rong-shan
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Jin-tong
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Rui-yan
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002681:China; D005638:Fruit / Q000469:parasitology*; D007300:Insect Control / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D009036:Moths / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000469:parasitology*; D012724:Sex Attractants / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D012724:Sex Attractants
keywords: monitoring and mass trapping; oriental fruit moth; parameters of traps; sex pheromone trap