title: Levels of pesticides and their metabolites in Wistar rat amniotic fluids and maternal urine upon gestational exposure.
abstract: Concentrations of pesticides and selected metabolites in rat urine and amniotic fluid were determined as biomarker upon oral administration of Wistar rats to two pesticide mixtures consisting of three to five pesticides (bitertanol, propiconazole, cypermethrin, malathion, and terbuthylazine). The pesticides and their metabolites were found in rat amniotic fluid and urine, generally in dose-response concentrations in relation to dosage. The measurement of the substances in the amniotic fluid indicated that the fetus was exposed to the pesticides as well as their metabolites. Moreover, the pesticides detected in urine demonstrated the exposure as well as the ability of the rat to excrete these compounds.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, Roskilde, Denmark. rbo@dmu.dk
authors.forename: Rossana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bossi
authors.forename: Anne Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Vinggaard
authors.forename: Camilla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Taxvig
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Boberg
authors.forename: Eva Cecilie
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Bonefeld-Jørgensen
mesh_terms: D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D018811:Maternal Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D010575:Pesticides / Q000633:toxicity / Q000652:urine*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000652:urine*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D010575:Pesticides