title: Pharmacokinetics of a multipurpose pod-intravaginal ring simultaneously delivering five drugs in an ovine model.
abstract: Multipurpose technologies that simultaneously protect from sexually transmitted infections and unintended pregnancy are urgently needed. Pod-intravaginal rings (IVRs) formulated with the antiretroviral agents (ARVs) tenofovir, nevirapine, and saquinavir and the contraceptives etonogestrel and estradiol were evaluated in sheep. Steady-state concentrations were maintained for 28 days with controlled, sustained delivery. This proof-of-principle study demonstrates that pod IVRs can deliver three ARVs from different mechanistic classes and a progestin-estrogen combination over the wide range needed for putative preventative efficacy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Oak Crest Institute of Science, Pasadena, California, USA.
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Moss
authors.forename: Amanda M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Malone
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Sean
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.forename: Cali
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Kathleen L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Vincent
authors.forename: Massoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Motamedi
authors.forename: Marc M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Baum
mesh_terms: D000225:Adenine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000282:Administration, Intravaginal; D000818:Animals; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001706:Biopsy; D003270:Contraceptive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D017135:Desogestrel / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D004958:Estradiol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005260:Female; D007436:Intrauterine Devices, Medicated; D023421:Models, Animal; D019829:Nevirapine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D063065:Organophosphonates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D019258:Saquinavir / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D015229:Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral / Q000517:prevention & control; D012756:Sheep; D000068698:Tenofovir; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents; D003270:Contraceptive Agents; D063065:Organophosphonates; C044815:etonogestrel; D004958:Estradiol; D017135:Desogestrel; D019829:Nevirapine; D000068698:Tenofovir; D000225:Adenine; D019258:Saquinavir