title: Adhesion and biofilm formation by oral streptococci on different commercial brackets.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare early bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation in vitro by different oral streptococci on a variety of commercial brackets.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adhesion and biofilm formation in vitro of 6 Streptococcus spp. on 15 different commercial brackets, in standard culture medium and in human saliva were evaluated by the MTT reduction assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant differences were evidenced in both early adhesion and biofilm formation among the studied brackets and between the two conditions of growth. Gold brackets resulted less prone to colonisation compared to composite brackets. The growth rates of the tested species on the different tested materials were significantly different.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The adopted experimental plan, dissecting the two phases of plaque formation on different brackets in different conditions, showed that composite brackets are more susceptible to adhesion and colonisation by streptococci, while the remaining tested brackets did not show differences that could be clinically relevant. Data suggest that different personal behaviours affecting the oral environment could significantly affect colonisation of brackets by oral streptococci.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy. claudio.passariello@uniroma1.it
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Passariello
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gigola
mesh_terms: D000537:Aluminum Oxide / Q000737:chemistry; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000502:physiology*; D001431:Bacteriological Techniques; D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development*; D002516:Ceramics / Q000737:chemistry; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D003470:Culture Media; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000382:microbiology; D006047:Gold Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D009055:Mouth / Q000382:microbiology*; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets / Q000382:microbiology*; D011076:Polycarboxylate Cement / Q000737:chemistry; D012463:Saliva / Q000382:microbiology; D013193:Stainless Steel / Q000737:chemistry; D013291:Streptococcus / Q000145:classification / Q000502:physiology*; D054773:Streptococcus gordonii / Q000502:physiology; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000502:physiology; D019533:Streptococcus oralis / Q000502:physiology; D013298:Streptococcus sanguis / Q000502:physiology; D016986:Streptococcus sobrinus / Q000502:physiology; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D003188:Composite Resins; D003470:Culture Media; D003764:Dental Materials; D006047:Gold Alloys; D011076:Polycarboxylate Cement; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles; D013193:Stainless Steel; C005506:polycarbonate; D014025:Titanium; C022616:thiazolyl blue; D000537:Aluminum Oxide