title: Assessment of palatal rugae patterns in Manipuri and Kerala population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Palatal rugae comprises three to seven ridges radiating out tangentially from the incisive papilla on the anterior part of the palate. These rugae patterns are studied for various reasons, mainly in the fields of anthropology, genetics, orthodontics, prosthodontics, and forensic science.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the palatal rugae pattern in two different populations (Manipuri and Kerala), and to assess the predominant pattern if any in the selected groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty maxillary study models (30 from each group including males and females) were examined in the age group ranging from 17 to 23 years. Palatal rugae pattern were analyzed on the right and left sides of the palate for total number, length, shape, direction, and unification.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After analyzing the rugae patterns in both the groups and between the two sides of the palate, the wavy pattern was found to be predominant followed by curved, straight, and circular in overall population. Manipuri population showed predominant curved shape than the Kerala population and was statistically significant. Females in general had slightly more rugae than males and the left side of the palate showed comparatively more number of rugae than on the right side.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A statistically significant association between the shape of the rugae and population exists although, subtle. Parameters like direction and unification need more attention for better understanding.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Pathology, Navodaya Dental College, Raichur, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Surekha
authors.forename: Koneru
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Anila
authors.forename: Vikram S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: Santosh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hunasgi
authors.forename: Shamala
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ravikumar
authors.forename: Neela
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ramesh
keywords: Forensic odontology; individual identification; palatal rugae pattern; population identification