title: Enhancement of immune activation activities of Spirulina maxima grown in deep-sea water.
abstract: In this study, the immuno-modulatory and anticancer activities of marine algae, Spirulina maxima grown in deep-sea water (DSW), were investigated. It was found that the extract of S. maxima, cultured in DSW, effectively suppressed the expression of Bcl2 in A549 cells as well as inhibiting various human cancer cells with concentration dependency, which possibly implies that the extracts may play more important roles in controlling cancer cell growth. The secretion of cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α from human B cells was also greatly increased, compared to those of the extract grown in conventional sea-water. The growth of Human Natural Killer (NK) cells in the presence of the extracts from DSW was significantly higher (12.2 × 104 viable cells/mL) when compared to the control (1.1 × 104 viable cells/mL). Based on HPLC analysis, the increase in the biological activities of the extracts from DSW was caused by considerably high amounts of β-carotene and ascorbic acid because the DSW contained high concentrations and good ratios of several key minerals for biosynthesizing β-carotene and ascorbic acid, as well as maintaining high cell growth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biomaterials Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Korea. HYEONL@seowon.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Woon Yong
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Do Hyung
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Hyeon Yong
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D006801:Humans; D007109:Immunity / Q000187:drug effects; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000187:drug effects; D008903:Minerals / Q000032:analysis; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D012623:Seawater; D053545:Spirulina / Q000254:growth & development*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008903:Minerals; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D014867:Water