title: Screening for active tuberculosis: methodological challenges in implementation and evaluation.
abstract: As active screening strategies for tuberculosis (TB) continue to rise globally, it has become increasingly important to consider the methodological challenges in designing and implementing these strategies. The key challenges associated with TB screening can be summarized in terms of four continua or spectra, namely those of 1) TB disease and diagnostic yield, 2) TB risk and resource availability, 3) TB screening strategies, and 4) outcomes and impact measurements of screening programs. In this review, we provide a discussion of these challenges to help guide development of TB screening strategies that will be effective in a given epidemiological setting.
authors.affiliation: Center for Tuberculosis Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. jgolub@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Golub
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Dowdy
mesh_terms: D014943:Global Health; D006801:Humans; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods*; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D016730:Program Development; D012307:Risk Factors; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology