title: Co-delivery of a hydrophobic small molecule and a hydrophilic peptide by porous silicon nanoparticles.
abstract: Nanoparticulate drug delivery systems offer remarkable opportunities for clinical treatment. However, there are several challenges when they are employed to deliver multiple cargos/payloads, particularly concerning the synchronous delivery of small molecular weight drugs and relatively larger peptides. Since porous silicon (PSi) nanoparticles (NPs) can easily contain high payloads of drugs with various properties, we evaluated their carrier potential in multi-drug delivery for co-loading of the hydrophobic drug indomethacin and the hydrophilic human peptide YY3-36 (PYY3-36). Sequential loading of these two drugs into the PSi NPs enhanced the drug release rate of each drug and also their amount permeated across Caco-2 and Caco-2/HT29 cell monolayers. Regardless of the loading approach used, dual or single, the drug permeation profiles were in good correlation with their drug release behaviour. Furthermore, the permeation studies indicated the critical role of the mucus intestinal layer and the paracellular resistance in the permeation of the therapeutic compounds across the intestinal wall. Loading with PYY3-36 also greatly improved the cytocompatibility of the PSi NPs. Conformational analysis indicated that the PYY3-36 could still display biological activity after release from the PSi NPs and permeation across the intestinal cell monolayers. These results are the first demonstration of the promising potential of PSi NPs for simultaneous multi-drug delivery of both hydrophobic and hydrophilic compounds.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland. dongfei.liu@helsinki.fi
authors.forename: Dongfei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Luis M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Bimbo
authors.forename: Ermei
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mäkilä
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Villanova
authors.forename: Martti
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaasalainen
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Herranz-Blanco
authors.forename: Carla M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Caramella
authors.forename: Vesa-Pekka
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Lehto
authors.forename: Jarno
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Salonen
authors.forename: Karl-Heinz
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Herzig
authors.forename: Jouni
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hirvonen
authors.forename: Hélder A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Santos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D019073:HT29 Cells; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D051379:Mice; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D019894:Peptide YY / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D010539:Permeability; D016062:Porosity; D012825:Silicon / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D004337:Drug Carriers; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D019894:Peptide YY; C061785:peptide YY (3-36); D007213:Indomethacin; D012825:Silicon
keywords: Co-delivery; Drug release; Indomethacin; Nanoparticles; PYY3-36; Porous silicon; and permeation