title: Lack of polysomnographic Non-REM sleep changes in early Parkinson's disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Polysomnography (PSG) data are rare in patients who have early stage idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-three patients who had IPD with a disease duration ≤ 3 years and 37 age-matched controls were recruited. PSG analysis was performed on current medication.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with IPD had a reduced mean percentage of muscle atonia during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep (80% vs 93%; P < 0.05). Total sleep time, sleep efficiency, indices/hour of arousals, awakenings, apnea/hypopnea, and periodic leg movements were similar in both groups. Age, but not dopaminergic medication, had a negative impact on sleep architecture in patients with IPD. There was no correlation between sleep efficiency assessed by PSG and sleep quality assessed by questionnaire.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results confirmed a reduction in muscle atonia during REM sleep as a characteristic finding in early IPD. However, there were no further disease-inherent or medication-induced changes in sleep architecture. Although sleep disturbances are considered to be an integral part of IPD, PSG cannot yet identify them objectively at an early stage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg-City, Luxembourg; Interdisciplinary Sleep Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg-City, Luxembourg; Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg.
authors.forename: Nico J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Diederich
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Rufra
authors.forename: Vannina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pieri
authors.forename: Géraldine
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hipp
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vaillant
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000978:Antiparkinson Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017286:Polysomnography; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D012895:Sleep, REM / Q000502:physiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents
keywords: Parkinson's disease; REM sleep behavior disorder; polysomnography; sleep; sleep questionnaire