title: A high-fat diet increases interleukin-3 and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor production by bone marrow cells and triggers bone marrow hyperplasia and neutrophilia in Wistar rats.
abstract: It is well established that the excessive consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) results in overweight, obesity and an increase in leptin concentrations, which triggers a chronic inflammatory condition that is associated with a high white blood cell count. Two-month-old male Wistar rats were fed a control (CON) diet or an HFD for 12 weeks. After this period, hemogram, myelogram and biochemical parameters were evaluated along with the cell cycle and the percentage of CD34(+) cells in the bone marrow as well as cell proliferation and differentiation assays and the production of stem cell factor, interleukin 3 (IL-3), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). The HFD animals exhibited leukocytosis and neutrophilia with increased C-reactive protein, leptin, cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations. In the HFD group, the bone marrow revealed myeloid hyperplasia, especially of the granulocytic compartment with a higher percentage of CD34(+) cells and a higher percentage of cells in the G2/S/M cell cycle phases. In addition, the HFD bone marrow cells had a higher capacity to proliferate and differentiate into granulocytic cells in an in vitro system and a higher capacity to produce IL-3 and G-CSF. These data led us to infer that the HFD induces leukocytosis and neutrophilia suggesting alterations in hematopoiesis system modulation.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-070.
authors.forename: Luciana Simão
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: do Carmo
authors.forename: Marcelo Macedo
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Rogero
authors.forename: Edgar Julian
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Paredes-Gamero
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nogueira-Pedro
authors.forename: Jose Guilherme
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Xavier
authors.forename: Mayara
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cortez
authors.forename: Maria Carolina
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Borges
authors.forename: Tatiane Mieko
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.forename: Primavera
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Borelli
authors.forename: Ricardo Ambrósio
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Fock
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D006965:Hyperplasia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007377:Interleukin-3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D020738:Leptin / Q000378:metabolism; D007964:Leukocytosis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D019089:Stem Cell Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D007377:Interleukin-3; D020738:Leptin; D019089:Stem Cell Factor; D014280:Triglycerides; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D002784:Cholesterol
keywords: CD34 cells; G-CSF; IL-3; high-fat diet; leukocytosis; neutrophilia