title: Growth and photosynthetic responses to copper in wild grapevine.
abstract: The present study evaluates the tolerance and accumulation potential of Vitis vinifera ssp. sylvestris under moderate and high external Cu levels. A greenhouse experiment was conducted in order to investigate the effects of a range of external Cu concentrations (0-23mmolL(-1)) on growth and photosynthetic performance by measuring gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and photosynthetic pigments. We also measured the total copper, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur, calcium, magnesium, iron, potassium and sodium concentrations in the plant tissues. All the experimental plants survived even with external Cu concentrations as high as 23mmolL(-1) (1500mg Cu L(-1)), although the excess of metal resulted in a biomass reduction of 35%. The effects of Cu on growth were linked to a reduction in net photosynthesis, which may be related to the effect of the high concentration of the metal on photosynthetic electron transport. V. vinifera ssp. sylvestris survived with leaf Cu concentrations as high as 80mgkg(-1) DW and growth parameters were unaffected by leaf tissue concentrations of 35mg Cu kg(-1) DW. The results of our study indicate that plants of V. vinifera ssp. sylvestris from the studied population are more tolerant to Cu than the commercial varieties of grapevine that have been studied in the literature, and could constitute a basis for the genetic improvement of Cu tolerance in grapevine.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (C.S.I.C.), P.O. Box 1052, 41080 Sevilla, Spain. cambrolle@us.es
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cambrollé
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: García
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ocete
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Figueroa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cantos
mesh_terms: D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000378:metabolism; D003300:Copper / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010788:Photosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D045332:Photosystem II Protein Complex / Q000378:metabolism; D010860:Pigments, Biological / Q000378:metabolism; D027843:Vitis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D045332:Photosystem II Protein Complex; D010860:Pigments, Biological; D002734:Chlorophyll; D003300:Copper
keywords: 6-benzylaminopurine; A; BAP; Chl a; Chl b; Ci; Copper; Cx+c; F(0); F(m); F(s); F(v); F(v)/F(m); G(s); NAA; Photosynthesis; RGR; Tolerance; Vitis vinifera; carotenoids; chlorophyll a; chlorophyll b; intercellular CO(2) concentration; maximal fluorescence level in the dark-adapted state; maximum quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry; minimal fluorescence level in the dark-adapted state; naphthaleneacetic acid; net photosynthetic rate; quantum efficiency of PSII; relative growth rate; steady state fluorescence yield; stomatal conductance; variable fluorescence level in the dark-adapted state; ΦPSII