title: Regulation of ion channels by membrane lipids.
abstract: The major membrane lipid regulators of ion channel function include cholesterol, one of the main lipid components of the plasma membranes, phosphoinositides, a group of regulatory phospholipids that constitute a minor component of the membrane lipids but are known to play key roles in regulation of multiple proteins and sphingolipids, particularly sphingosine-1-phosphate, a signaling biolipid that is generated from ceramide and is known to regulate multiple cellular functions. Furthermore, specific effects of all the lipid modulators are highly heterogeneous varying significantly between different types of ion channels, as well as between different cell types. In terms of the mechanisms, three general mechanisms have been shown to underlie lipid regulation of ion channels: specific lipid-protein interactions, changes in the physical properties of the membrane, and facilitating the association of the channel proteins with other regulatory proteins within multiproteins signaling complexes termed membrane rafts. In this article, we present comprehensive analysis of the roles of several lipid modulators, including cholesterol, bile acids, phosphoinositides, and sphingolipids on ion channel function.
authors.affiliation: Section of Respiratory, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA. dantsker@uic.edu
authors.forename: Avia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rosenhouse-Dantsker
authors.forename: Dolly
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mehta
authors.forename: Irena
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Levitan
mesh_terms: D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000502:physiology; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000502:physiology; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000502:physiology*; D008563:Membrane Lipids / Q000502:physiology*; D010716:Phosphatidylinositols / Q000502:physiology; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000502:physiology; D015222:Sodium Channels / Q000502:physiology; D013107:Sphingolipids / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001647:Bile Acids and Salts; D015220:Calcium Channels; D007473:Ion Channels; D008563:Membrane Lipids; D010716:Phosphatidylinositols; D015221:Potassium Channels; D015222:Sodium Channels; D013107:Sphingolipids; D002784:Cholesterol