title: ART do not increase the risk of Y-chromosome microdeletion in 19 candidate genes at AZF regions.
abstract: Y-chromosome microdeletions (YCMs) have been found at a much higher rate in infertile men than fertile controls. A specific deletion in the azoospermia factor locus (AZF) at Yq11 is significantly associated with male infertility. Whether assisted reproductive technology (ART) increases the risk of YCM in ART-derived offspring remains unclear. In this study the occurrence of YCM in 199 fathers and their 228 sons (Chinese, Han ethnicity), including 85 offspring conceived by IVF, 73 by intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and 70 by natural conception, was investigated. Nineteen candidate genes related to YCM were analysed by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. We identified one de novo YCM from 70 naturally-conceived offspring and none from 158 ART-conceived offspring and found no statistical significance between these two groups. There was no statistically-significant difference in the detection rate of the father's Y-chromosome microdeletion group: IVF 10.7% (8/75), ICSI 3.2% (2/63), natural conception 8.2% (5/61). These results suggest that ART does not increase the risk of YCM in male offspring.
authors.affiliation: Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, Huayuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Hong
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, Huayuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Li-Ying
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, Huayuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Cui-Ling
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, Huayuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, Huayuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Hui
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, Huayuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Hong-Yan
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, Huayuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, Huayuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Wen-Xin
authors.initials: WX
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Beijing Haidian Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No.33, Haidian South Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100080, China.
authors.forename: Su-Hong
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49, Huayuan North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qiao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D053713:Azoospermia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000628:therapy; D002872:Chromosome Deletion; D041322:Chromosomes, Human, Y / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D056426:Genetic Loci; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007248:Infertility, Male; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D027724:Reproductive Techniques, Assisted / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012307:Risk Factors; D012729:Sex Chromosome Aberrations; D058533:Sex Chromosome Disorders of Sex Development / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic