title: Incidence trends and long-term survival analysis of sinonasal rhabdomyosarcoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sinonasal rhabdomyosarcoma (SNRMS) is a rare malignancy which often presents with nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea and epistaxis. It is the most common sarcoma in children. In this study, we analyze the incidence and long-term survival for SNRMS using a national population-based database.
  
  
  METHODS
  The United States National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry was utilized to calculate incidence and survival trends for SNRMS between 1973 and 2009. In addition, data were grouped by age, gender, race, and histopathological subtype.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 181 cases of SNRMS were analyzed for incidence trends, showing a 1.23:1 female to male ratio. While the overall incidence of SNRMS increased by 1.02% annually over the last 20years, this pattern was not equal amongst gender and racial groups. The incidence in males has increased, while in females incidence has decreased. An increase in incidence was noted in white and "others," but decreased in blacks. Using a total of 314 cases for survival analysis, we found that the rate in the white population has been consistently highest with a 5-year survival of 49.45%, 10- and 20-year survival of 48.81%. Survival rates in cases of embryonal SNRMS were also consistently higher than in cases of alveolar SNRMS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall incidence of SNRMS is increasing. Histologic subtype and race are important considerations in the long-term prognosis of SNRMS. Future studies will further elucidate gender and race related trends.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Saurin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sanghvi
authors.forename: Poonam
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Misra
authors.forename: Neal R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Evelyne
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kalyoussef
authors.forename: Soly
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baredes
authors.forename: Jean Anderson
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Eloy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010039:Otorhinolaryngologic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D044469:Racial Groups / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012208:Rhabdomyosarcoma / Q000453:epidemiology*; D018426:SEER Program; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult