title: Ventilatory response to hypoxia of the 1-day old chicken hatchling after prenatal cold-induced hypometabolism.
abstract: Sustained prenatal hypoxia decreases the growth and metabolic rate of the embryo and causes a blunted hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) in the newborn. The most likely interpretation is that the sustained hypoxic stimulation may interfere with the normal prenatal development of the chemoreceptors. However, we wanted to consider the possibility that the prolonged hypoxic hypometabolism may be a contributing factor. Chicken embryos were incubated at 35°C (Cold group, N=14), which is known to lower the embryonic oxygen consumption (VO2) by ≈ 30% throughout incubation, or at 37.5°C (Controls, N=16). Cold incubation delayed hatching by ≈ 2 days. The 1-day old hatchlings had normal pulmonary ventilation (VE), measured by the barometric technique, and oxygen consumption (VO2), simultaneously measured by an open flow methodology. During acute hypoxia (≈ 15% or ≈ 11% O2) the hyperventilation (increase in VO2), the hyperpnea and the hypometabolism were almost identical between the two groups of hatchlings. We conclude that a sustained decrease in metabolic rate during the embryonic period by itself does not carry obvious consequences on the newborn's resting VE and HVR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada. jacopo.mortola@mcgill.ca
authors.forename: Jacopo P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Mortola
authors.forename: Paula Andrea
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Toro-Velasquez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D002642:Chick Embryo; D003080:Cold Temperature / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012123:Pulmonary Ventilation / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Avian embryos; Embryonic development; Hypometabolism; Hypoxic ventilatory response