title: The role of TLR4 in the pathogenesis of indirect acute lung injury.
abstract: Indirect acute lung injury (IALI) manifests as rapid-onset respiratory failure following secondary clinical events to the parenchyma or lung vasculature, such as hemorrhage shock, extra-pulmonary sepsis, trauma, ischemia-reperfusion, and burn injury. Accumulating evidence demonstrates the pivotal role of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in the innate immune system of lung diseases. Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4), one of the well characterized PRRs, recognizes not only the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Gram-negative bacteria, but also the endogenous ligands in IALI. In this review, we summarize a variety of reports concerning the role of TLR4 and IALI pathogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthetics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China.
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D055371:Acute Lung Injury / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002056:Burns / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D018805:Sepsis / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D012771:Shock, Hemorrhagic / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: C495345:TLR4 protein, human; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4