title: Novel Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolate from a wild chimpanzee.
abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by gram-positive bacteria known as the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC). MTBC include several human-associated lineages and several variants adapted to domestic and, more rarely, wild animal species. We report an M. tuberculosis strain isolated from a wild chimpanzee in Côte d'Ivoire that was shown by comparative genomic and phylogenomic analyses to belong to a new lineage of MTBC, closer to the human-associated lineage 6 (also known as M. africanum West Africa 2) than to the other classical animal-associated MTBC strains. These results show that the general view of the genetic diversity of MTBC is limited and support the possibility that other MTBC variants exist, particularly in wild mammals in Africa. Exploring this diversity is crucial to the understanding of the biology and evolutionary history of this widespread infectious disease.
authors.affiliation: Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Mireia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Coscolla
authors.forename: Astrid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lewin
authors.forename: Sonja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Metzger
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maetz-Rennsing
authors.forename: Sébastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Calvignac-Spencer
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nitsche
authors.forename: Pjotr Wojtek
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Dabrowski
authors.forename: Aleksandar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Radonic
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Niemann
authors.forename: Julian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Parkhill
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Couacy-Hymann
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Feldman
authors.forename: Iñaki
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Comas
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Boesch
authors.forename: Sebastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gagneux
authors.forename: Fabian H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Leendertz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018420:Ape Diseases / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002679:Pan troglodytes / Q000382:microbiology*; D010802:Phylogeny; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000662:veterinary
keywords: Africa; M. tuberculosis; MTBC; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; TB; bacteria; infection; lineage; mammals; nonhuman primate; tuberculosis; tuberculosis and other mycobacteria; wild chimpanzee; zoonoses