title: Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of eslicarbazepine acetate and oxcarbazepine at steady state in healthy volunteers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Investigate the pharmacokinetics of once-daily (QD; 900 mg) and twice-daily (BID; 450 mg) regimens of eslicarbazepine acetate (ESL) and BID (450 mg) regimen of oxcarbazepine (OXC) at steady state in healthy volunteers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single-center, open-label, randomized, three-way (n = 12) crossover studies in healthy volunteers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean eslicarbazepine Cmax,ss (in μm) following ESL QD (87.3) was 33.3% higher (p < 0.05) compared to ESL BID (65.5) and 82.1% higher (p < 0.05) compared to OXC BID (48.0). The mean area under the curve (AUC)ss,0-τ (in μmol h/L) following the last dose of an 8-day repeated dosing was 1156.3, 1117.6, and 968.4 for ESL QD, ESL BID, and OXC BID, respectively. The ratio eslicarbazepine plasma exposure (μmol h/L) to ESL daily-dose (μmol) was 0.381 (1156.3:3037.3), 0.368 (1117.6:3037.3), and 0.271 (968.4:3567.6) for ESL-QD, ESL-BID, and OXC-BID, respectively, which translates into a 40.6% increase in the ability of ESL-QD compared to OXC-BID to deliver into the plasma their major active entity eslicarbazepine. The extent of plasma exposure to ESL minor metabolites: (R)-licarbazepine and oxcarbazepine after ESL-QD was 71.5% and 61.1% lower, respectively, than after OXC-BID. Twenty, 24 and 38 treatment emergent adverse events were reported with ESL-QD, ESL-BID, and OXC-BID, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ESL-QD resulted in 33.3% higher peak plasma concentration (Cmax,ss ) of eslicarbazepine and similar extent of plasma exposure (AUCss,0-τ ) when compared to ESL-BID, which may contribute to the efficacy profile reported with once-daily ESL. In comparison to OXC-BID, administration of ESL-QD resulted in 40.6% increase in the delivery of eslicarbazepine into the plasma as well as a significantly lower systemic exposure to (R)-licarbazepine and oxcarbazepine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Elger
authors.forename: Meir
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bialer
authors.forename: Amílcar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Falcão
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vaz-da-Silva
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nunes
authors.forename: Luís
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.forename: Patrício
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Soares-da-Silva
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine; D019540:Area Under Curve; D002220:Carbamazepine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000652:urine; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003984:Dibenzazepines / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004562:Electrocardiography; D004563:Electrochemistry; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D000078330:Oxcarbazepine; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D003984:Dibenzazepines; D002220:Carbamazepine; C416835:eslicarbazepine acetate; D000078330:Oxcarbazepine
keywords: Eslicarbazepine acetate; Healthy volunteers; Once-daily; Oxcarbazepine; Pharmacokinetics; Tolerability; Twice-daily