title: Dietary intake following experimentally restricted sleep in adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relationship between sleep and dietary intake in adolescents using an experimental sleep restriction protocol.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized crossover sleep restriction-extension paradigm.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sleep obtained and monitored at home, diet measured during an office visit.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-one typically developing adolescents age 14-16 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  The 3-week protocol consisting of a baseline week designed to stabilize the circadian rhythm, followed randomly by 5 consecutive nights of sleep restriction (6.5 hours in bed Monday-Friday) versus healthy sleep duration (10 hours in bed), a 2-night washout period, and a 5-night crossover period.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sleep was monitored via actigraphy and teens completed validated 24-hour diet recall interviews following each experimental condition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Paired-sample t-tests examined differences between conditions for consumption of key macronutrients and choices from dietary categories. Compared with the healthy sleep condition, sleep-restricted adolescents' diets were characterized by higher glycemic index and glycemic load and a trend toward more calories and carbohydrates, with no differences in fat or protein consumption. Exploratory analyses revealed the consumption of significantly more desserts and sweets during sleep restriction than healthy sleep.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chronic sleep restriction during adolescence appears to cause increased consumption of foods with a high glycemic index, particularly desserts/sweets. The chronic sleep restriction common in adolescence may cause changes in dietary behaviors that increase risk of obesity and associated morbidity.
authors.affiliation: Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA. dean.beebe@cchmc.org
authors.forename: Dean W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Beebe
authors.forename: Stacey
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Summer
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hemmer
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Strotman
authors.forename: Lawrence M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Dolan
mesh_terms: D056044:Actigraphy; D000293:Adolescent; D004032:Diet / Q000523:psychology*; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000378:metabolism; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005518:Food Preferences / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000523:psychology*
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates
keywords: Adolescence; glycemic index; glycemic load; obesity; pediatrics; sleep deprivation