title: Bioaccessibility of Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn in hazelnut and walnut kernels investigated by an enzymolysis approach.
abstract: Bioaccessibility of four essential (Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn) and two toxic (Cd, Pb) elements in kernels of four walnut and four hazelnut cultivars was investigated using sequential enzymolysis approach and atomic absorption spectrometry. It was found that the assimilable part of elements was not dependent on nut cultivar. The bioaccessible fraction of Cu, Mn, and Zn was definitely higher for hazelnuts (62% Cu, 39% Mn, 58% Zn) than for walnuts (14% Cu, 21% Mn, 15% Zn). Bioaccessible Fe was 20-24% from its total content for both nut types. Solubility in the simulated intestinal juice is affected by both formation of stable soluble complexes and back sorption of dissolved elements on nut solid residues. Lead shows strong insolubility due to the high sorption affinity of lead ions to the insoluble fraction of nuts. Thus, walnuts and hazelnuts could act as effective biosorbents for lead detoxication.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sofia , J. Bourchier Boulevard 1, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria.
authors.forename: Sonja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arpadjan
authors.forename: Svetlana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Momchilova
authors.forename: Tony
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Venelinov
authors.forename: Elitsa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Blagoeva
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nikolova
mesh_terms: D002104:Cadmium / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D031211:Corylus / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D004063:Digestion; D004798:Enzymes / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D007422:Intestines / Q000201:enzymology*; D007501:Iron / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D031324:Juglans / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D015032:Zinc / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004798:Enzymes; D002104:Cadmium; D007854:Lead; D003300:Copper; D007501:Iron; D015032:Zinc