title: The genomic landscape of the somatic linker histone subtypes H1.1 to H1.5 in human cells.
abstract: Human cells contain five canonical, replication-dependent somatic histone H1 subtypes (H1.1, H1.2, H1.3, H1.4, and H1.5). Although they are key chromatin components, the genomic distribution of the H1 subtypes is still unknown, and their role in chromatin processes has thus far remained elusive. Here, we map the genomic localization of all somatic replication-dependent H1 subtypes in human lung fibroblasts using an integrative DNA adenine methyltransferase identification (DamID) analysis. We find in general that H1.2 to H1.5 are depleted from CpG-dense regions and active regulatory regions. H1.1 shows a DamID binding profile distinct from the other subtypes, suggesting a unique function. H1 subtypes can mark specific domains and repressive regions, pointing toward a role for H1 in three-dimensional genome organization. Our work integrates H1 subtypes into the epigenome maps of human cells and provides a valuable resource to refine our understanding of the significance of H1 and its heterogeneity in the control of genome function.
authors.affiliation: Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR 7104, INSERM U 964, Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France.
authors.forename: Annalisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Izzo
authors.forename: Kinga
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kamieniarz-Gdula
authors.forename: Fidel
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ramírez
authors.forename: Nighat
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Noureen
authors.forename: Jop
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kind
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Manke
authors.forename: Bas
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: van Steensel
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schneider
mesh_terms: D002843:Chromatin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019175:DNA Methylation; D023281:Genomics / Q000379:methods; D006657:Histones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D011485:Protein Binding; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; D006657:Histones