title: Analysis of the WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX gene family in the conifer picea abies reveals extensive conservation as well as dynamic patterns.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Members of the WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX (WOX) gene family have important functions during all stages of plant development and have been implicated in the development of morphological novelties during evolution. Most studies have examined the function of these genes in angiosperms and very little is known from other plant species.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study we examine the presence and expression of WOX genes in the conifer Picea abies. We have cloned 11 WOX genes from both mRNA and genomic DNA and examined their phylogenetic relationship to WOX genes from other species as well as their expression during somatic embryogenesis and in adult tissues.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study shows that all major radiations within the WOX gene family took place before the angiosperm-gymnosperm split and that there has been a recent expansion within the intermediate clade in the Pinaceae family. Furthermore, we show that the genes from the intermediate clade are preferentially expressed during embryo development in Picea abies. Our data also indicates that there are clear orthologs of both WUS and WOX5 present in the P. abies genome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biology and Forest Genetics, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant Biology, PO-Box 7080, Uppsala, SE 75007, Sweden.
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hedman
authors.forename: Tianqing
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: von Arnold
authors.forename: Joel J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Sohlberg
mesh_terms: D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D005801:Genes, Homeobox; D005810:Multigene Family; D010802:Phylogeny; D028222:Picea / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins