title: Formation of perfluorinated surfactants from precursors by indigenous microorganisms in groundwater.
abstract: The formation of perfluorinated surfactants (PFSs) from their precursors in waters is of concern. In this study, the formation of PFSs through biodegradation of precursors was measured in incubation tests. Indigenous microorganisms in groundwater were able to biodegrade perfluorooctane sulfonamide (FOSA) to yield perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS). The addition of nutrients and soil promoted the formation. A 42-d incubation test using sources of groundwater recharge showed that PFOS, perfluorooctanoate, and perfluorononanoate were significantly and remarkably (⩾1.5×) formed from precursors in street runoff through biodegradation, but not in rainwater or wastewater effluent. Significant formation of PFSs from precursors in street runoff was observed.
authors.affiliation: Wisdom of Water (Suntory), Corporate Sponsored Research Program, Organization for Interdisciplinary Research Projects, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan. michio@env.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp
authors.forename: Michio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nishikoori
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: Kumiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oguma
authors.forename: Hideshige
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takada
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takizawa
mesh_terms: D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D060587:Groundwater / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology*; D008829:Microbiology; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011891:Rain / Q000737:chemistry; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D013449:Sulfonamides; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C063900:perfluorooctanesulfonamide; C076994:perfluorooctane sulfonic acid
keywords: Biodegradation; Diffuse pollution; Groundwater; Non-point source; Perfluorochemical (PFC); Urban runoff