title: The effect of different feed delivery methods on time to consume feed and the resulting changes in postprandial metabolite concentrations in horses.
abstract: Management techniques that reduce the insulin response to feeding in horses have application in preventing insulin resistance (IR) and potential associations (e.g., laminitis). Eight mature idle horses of BCS between 5 and 6.5 and with no previous indication of IR were fed a meal of concentrate under 4 feed delivery treatments in a repeated Latin Square design. Treatments were all based on a bucket of equal dimensions. The treatments included a control (CON) and 3 treatments hypothesized to increase time to consume feed (TCF): mobile obstacles above the feed (BALL), stationary obstacles below the feed (WAFF), and feed with water added (WTR). Jugular venous blood samples were taken at feed delivery, every 10 min for the first hour, and then every 30 min until 300 min after feed delivery. The TCF was different across treatment and was greater (P < 0.05) for BALL and WAFF when compared with CON and WTR. Glucose and insulin concentrations increased after feeding (P < 0.05) and tended to differ among treatments (P < 0.10). Peak insulin and glucose concentrations were affected by treatment as were the time to peak insulin and the area under the curve of insulin (P < 0.05). Therefore, feed delivery methods that include obstacles effectively increase TCF and attenuate postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations. A second experiment was designed to determine if the TCF changes associated with BALL and WAFF in Exp. 1 remain effective over a 4-d period. Four horses with no recent or regular history of consuming concentrates were fed concentrate meals for 4 consecutive d using the same treatments described in Exp. 1 and a Latin square design. Horses were subject to a 4-d adaptation period and were randomly assigned to 4-d treatment periods using the 4 previously described treatments. During adaptation, TCF decreased over time (P = 0.02). After adaptation, WAFF had greater TCF when compared with CON and WTR (P < 0.05) whereas WTR had the lowest TCF overall. Using obstacles to increase TCF on a daily basis may be an effective method to reduce postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations, thereby decreasing the risk of IR development in horses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kutzner-Mulligan
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Eisemann
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Siciliano
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hewitt
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sharlette
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pratt-Phillips
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000822:Animal Husbandry / Q000379:methods*; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006736:Horses / Q000097:blood* / Q000502:physiology*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D019518:Postprandial Period; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose