title: Agitation by suffocation: how hypoxia activates innate immunity via the Warburg effect.
abstract: A hypoxic microenvironment can enhance the function of innate immune cells; however, the mechanisms remain unclear. Tannahill et al. (2013) find that in macrophages, the accumulation of succinate, an intermediate metabolite of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, stabilizes the transcription factor HIF-1α, leading to activation of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β.
authors.affiliation: Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
authors.forename: Haitao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. Electronic address: jenny_ting@med.unc.edu.
authors.forename: Jenny P-Y
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Ting
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000378:metabolism*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D019802:Succinic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D019802:Succinic Acid