title: Premenopausal vasomotor symptoms in an ethnically diverse population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The prevalence of vasomotor symptoms (VMS) among women aged 45 years or older who report regular menses has not been described well. Variability by race/ethnicity is expected.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional analysis of Group Health enrollees was performed among women ages 45-56 y with regular and no skipped menses, and not taking hormones. Data were collected from electronic databases and mailed surveys, including a soy food questionnaire. Associations between race/ethnicity and VMS (ever/never; past 2 wk) were assessed using generalized linear models, controlling for age and body mass index. The prevalence of headache and joint pain, and VMS associations within race by soy intake were explored.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1,513 premenopausal women with a mean age of 48.5 years responded to the survey; 75% were white. Native American women were most likely to report ever having VMS (66.7%), followed by black (61.4%), white (58.3%), Hawaiian/Pacific Islander (45.5%), mixed-ethnicity (42.1%), Vietnamese (40.0%), Filipino (38.9%, P < 0.05), Japanese (35.9%, P < 0.01), East Indian (31.3%, P < 0.05), Chinese (29.0%, P < 0.001), and other Asian (25.6%, P < 0.001) women, as compared with white women. Hispanic women were less likely to have VMS (41.7%) than non-Hispanic white women (58.8%, P < 0.001). Among white women, but not among other women, soy intake was associated with VMS (P = 0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among a diverse population of premenopausal women, VMS prevalence is high at 55%. Asian (vs white) and Hispanic (vs non-Hispanic white) women are less likely to report ever having VMS, a pattern similar to that observed during the menopausal transition and early postmenopause in our studies. White women with more VMS seem to include more soy in their diet.
authors.affiliation: From the 1Group Health Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; and 2Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA.
authors.forename: Susan D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: Johanna W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Lampe
authors.forename: Conghui
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.forename: Wade K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Copeland
authors.forename: Gabrielle
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gundersen
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fuller
authors.forename: Katherine M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Newton
mesh_terms: D018771:Arthralgia / Q000208:ethnology; D001213:Asian; D044383:Black People; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D006261:Headache / Q000208:ethnology; D019584:Hot Flashes / Q000208:ethnology; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000208:ethnology; D007198:Indians, North American; D008875:Middle Aged; D044468:Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander; D010679:Philippines / Q000208:ethnology; D017697:Premenopause / Q000502:physiology*; D030262:Soybean Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D013025:Glycine max / Q000009:adverse effects; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013546:Sweating; D014666:Vasomotor System / Q000502:physiology*; D014744:Vietnam / Q000208:ethnology; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D030262:Soybean Proteins