title: Immunological effects of Anticarsia gemmatalis multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AgMNPV) by stimulation of mice in vivo and in vitro.
abstract: Baculoviruses are highly specific and only capable of replication in arthropod hosts. The Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) is the most studied baculovirus at the molecular level and the Anticarsia gemnatalis multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AgMNPV) is the most used viral insecticide worldwide. AcMNPV have also been shown to stimulate the mammalian immune response acting as an adjuvant. In order to evaluate the effects of AgMNPV in modulating macrophage and lymphocyte activation, we have stimulated these cells in vitro and inoculated BALB/c mice intranasally with the two viral phenotypes (PIBs and BVs) and compared with the response induced by the same phenotypes of AcMNPV. Our results showed that baculoviruses are able to modulate mammalian immune response; in vitro they increase phagocytosis, NO2 production and Th1 cells response. In vivo, AgMNPV BVs or PIBs do not induce an inflammatory reaction in normal lung but during a fungal lung infection they can change the type of adaptive response developed. Considering our data, AgMNPV can be considered more useful as a vaccine vector or immune adjuvant than AcMNPV.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil; Graduate Program in Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil.
authors.forename: Anamelia Lorenzetti
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Bocca
authors.forename: Maria Creuza do Espirito Santos
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Barros
authors.forename: Grace Kelly Menezes
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.forename: Ana Carolina Oliveira
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: de Araújo
authors.forename: Marcio Jerônimo
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.forename: Alice Melo
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.forename: Florêncio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Figueiredo
authors.forename: Bergmann Morais
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D008262:Macrophage Activation; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D017924:Nucleopolyhedroviruses / Q000276:immunology*; D010587:Phagocytosis
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D009569:Nitric Oxide
keywords: AcMNPV; AgMNPV; Baculovirus; Cytokines; Granuloma; Nitric oxide