title: HIV type 1 subtype C remains the predominant subtype in men having sex with men in Senegal.
abstract: HIV-1 epidemics are expanding among men who have sex with men in low- and middle-income countries. To confirm and further explore preliminary data in Senegal, we aimed to determine 3 years after a first study the HIV-1 genetic diversity in three different viral regions. From 109 samples available in 2007, 93 were sequenced in gag, 77 in env, and 60 in pol. Phylogenetic analysis showed that subtype C predominated (38-52%), followed by CRF02_AG (30-40%), subtype B (13-17%), and CRF09_cpx (2.6-5%). Subsubtype A3 and strains tightly linked to CRF43_02G were identified in env and gag, respectively, and 12% of the samples were unique recombinants. Six transmission chains involving two to seven individuals were identified. Some strains carried resistance mutations inside transmission chains. This study confirmed the existence of a dual epidemic in Senegal and emphasized the need to strengthen prevention programs to avoid strains intermixing between low-risk women and high-risk men.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire of Bacteriology-Virology, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal.
authors.forename: Halimatou Diop
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Ndiaye
authors.forename: Edmond
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tchiakpe
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vidal
authors.forename: Ousseynou
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ndiaye
authors.forename: Abdou Khoudia
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Diop
authors.forename: Martine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peeters
authors.forename: Souleymane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mboup
authors.forename: Coumba
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Toure-Kane
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001483:Base Sequence; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018451:Homosexuality, Male; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D010802:Phylogeny; D015995:Prevalence; D012675:Senegal / Q000453:epidemiology; D017423:Sequence Analysis, RNA; D055815:Young Adult; D054299:env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000235:genetics; D054301:gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000235:genetics; D054302:pol Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D054299:env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; D054301:gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; D054302:pol Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus