title: Public place smoke-free regulations, secondhand smoke exposure and related beliefs, awareness, attitudes, and practices among Chinese urban residents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the association between smoke-free regulations in public places and secondhand smoke exposure and related beliefs, awareness, attitudes, and behavior among urban residents in China.
  
  
  METHODS
  We selected one city (Hangzhou) as the intervention city and another (Jiaxing) as the comparison. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection, and implemented at two time points across a 20-month interval. Both unadjusted and adjusted logistic methods were considered in analyses. Multiple regression procedures were performed in examining variation between final and baseline measures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Smoke-free regulations in the intervention city were associated with a significant decline in personal secondhand smoke exposure in government buildings, buses or taxis, and restaurants, but there was no change in such exposure in healthcare facilities and schools. In terms of personal smoking beliefs, awareness, attitudes, and practices, the only significant change was in giving quitting advice to proximal family members.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was a statistically significant association between implementation of smoke-free regulations in a city and inhibition of secondhand tobacco smoking exposure in public places. However, any such impact was limited. Effective tobacco control in China will require comprehensive laws implemented fully and supported by penalties and a combination of strong public health education.
authors.affiliation: Center for Tobacco Control Research, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China. Tingzhongyang@zju.edu.cn
authors.forename: Tingzhong
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Abu S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Abdullah
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ian R H
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Rockett
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ying
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Mu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002681:China; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D006268:Health Facilities; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018986:Motor Vehicles; D015995:Prevalence; D012147:Restaurants; D012574:Schools; D061845:Smoke-Free Policy / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution