title: Osteoporosis in men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review information pertinent to bone health and osteoporosis in men.
  
  
  METHODS
  A review of pertinent literature was conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Osteoporosis affects approximately 2 million men in the US and accounts for an estimated 600,000 fractures each year. There are significant differences in skeletal size and structure between men and women that account for differences in fracture incidence, location, and outcomes. Bone density testing is appropriate for men age 70 and older and younger men (50-69) who have risk factors for osteoporosis. Lifestyle management, including adequate calcium and vitamin D intake, appropriate physical activity, and avoidance of tobacco and heavy alcohol use, is appropriate for all men. Pharmacologic therapy to reduce fracture risk is advisable for men with a clinical diagnosis of osteoporosis (a spine or hip fracture) or a T-score of -2.5 or below in the spine, femoral neck, total hip or 1/3 radius; however, the majority of men at high risk will only be identified using a fracture risk assessment tool, such as FRAX. Alendronate, risedronate, zoledronic acid, denosumab, and teriparatide are Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved therapeutic options.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Osteoporosis in men presents an important public health problem with significant morbidity and mortality. There are recommended strategies for identifying men at high risk of fracture, and effective agents are available for treatment.
authors.affiliation: Mercy Health Osteoporosis and Bone Health Services, Cincinnati, Ohio.
authors.forename: Nelson B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Watts
mesh_terms: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents