title: The effect of polaprezinc on gastric mucosal protection in rats with ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage: comparison study with rebamipide.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Polaprezinc (PZ), which consists of l-carnosine and zinc, is widely used to treat gastric ulcers. We compared the effects of PZ with those of rebamipide (RM) on the expression of inflammatory cytokines, antioxidants, growth factors, and heat shock proteins (HSP) in a rat model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to test groups according to the dose of PZ at 5, 10, or 30 mg/kg or RM at 10, 30, or 100 mg/kg. Next, we obtained ulcer indices from rats with ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage. Western blot analysis was used to evaluate the expression of various target proteins.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pathological ulcer indices in the PZ and RM groups were significantly lower than those in the control group. The levels of inflammatory cytokines (interleukin 1β [IL-1β], IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor α) decreased, whereas the levels of platelet-derived growth factor-B, vascular endothelial growth factor, and nerve growth factor significantly increased after PZ administration. Furthermore, the expression of antioxidants (superoxide dismutase 1 [SOD-1], SOD-2, heme oxygenase-1, glutathione S-transferase, peroxidredoxin-1, and peroxidredoxin-5) was significantly higher in the PZ group, and the levels of HSP 90, 70, 60, 47, 27, and 10 significantly increased with an increase in PZ dose.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In a rat model of ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage, PZ administration ameliorated ethanol-induced mucosal injury and showed protective effects on the mucosa by reducing the levels of inflammatory cytokines and increasing the expression of antioxidant enzymes and growth factors. Furthermore, PZ showed cytoprotective effects by increasing the HSP levels.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Digestive Disease and Nutrition, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyuk Soon
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Ji-Youn
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Hoon Jai
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Chun
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Eun Sun
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Bora
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Keum
authors.forename: Yeon Seok
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Yoon-Tae
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Jeen
authors.forename: Soon Ho
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Um
authors.forename: Hong Sik
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Chang Duck
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ho Sang
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.forename: Donggeun
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sul
mesh_terms: D000409:Alanine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D002336:Carnosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D000431:Ethanol / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D054464:Peroxiredoxins / Q000378:metabolism; D015363:Quinolones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013276:Stomach Ulcer / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D000072105:Superoxide Dismutase-1; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism; D017967:Zinc Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D016207:Cytokines; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D015363:Quinolones; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D017967:Zinc Compounds; C467498:vascular endothelial growth factor A, rat; C061957:polaprezinc; D000431:Ethanol; D002336:Carnosine; D054464:Peroxiredoxins; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1; C000606292:Sod1 protein, rat; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D000072105:Superoxide Dismutase-1; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; C052785:rebamipide; D000409:Alanine
keywords: Carnosine; Gastric ulcer; Polaprezinc; Rebamipide; Zinc