title: Lung cytokine gene expression is correlated with increased severity of disease in a novel H4N8 influenza virus isolated from shorebirds.
abstract: The lung cytokine gene expression profiles of mice infected with 2 strains of H4N8 viruses isolated from shorebirds and reference H4 viruses from ducks are compared. Major differences between the two H4N8 strains of shorebirds, one of which causes a severe respiratory disease in mice, are in the PB1 and NS1 genes. In mice with H4N8 virus induced pneumonia, overall expression of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-12 genes was markedly higher than in mice infected with other H4 viruses tested, although gene expression of type I interferon was not increased until day 4 post viral infection. In contrast, in mice infected with a comparison H4N8 strain, gene expression of type I interferon peaked on day 1 post viral infection. Overall, the cytokine response corresponds with the severity of disease caused by shorebird H4N8 virus. The results obtained in this study provide valuable information to understand the immunopathology induced by a low pathogenic avian influenza virus, which may be useful in preparation for outbreaks of novel influenza A virus.
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Animal Hygiene and Food Safety, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuha
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Arai
authors.forename: Vuong N
authors.initials: VN
authors.lastname: Bui
authors.forename: Yohei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: Dai Q
authors.initials: DQ
authors.lastname: Trinh
authors.forename: Sayo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nibuno
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Runstadler
authors.forename: Haruko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: Kunitoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Imai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D046091:Charadriiformes; D005260:Female; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral / Q000276:immunology*; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D007370:Interferon Type I / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D007370:Interferon Type I; D015850:Interleukin-6; D012367:RNA, Viral; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D018664:Interleukin-12