title: Identification of tubulin beta chain, thymosin beta-4-like protein 3, and cytochrome b-c₁ complex subunit 1 as serological diagnostic biomarkers of gastric cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Despite major advances in its diagnosis and treatment, gastric cancer (GC) remains a major life-threatening disease. Treatment of the disease is further aggravated by the lack of diagnostic biomarkers that can aid in the early detection of GC and promote its favorable prognosis. The present work aims to identify novel diagnostic biomarkers for GC.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present work is a case-control study that focuses on proteomic analysis of serum from healthy volunteers and GC patients using ClinProt profiling technology based on mass spectrometry. A pattern of proteins/peptides with the ability to differentiate the studied populations was identified. Deregulated proteins/peptides differentially expressed in the serum of patients compared with healthy volunteers were identified by mass spectroscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A pattern of proteins/peptides consisting of four protein/peptide peaks at m/z 1467, 1867, 2701, and 2094 was identified. These protein/peptide peaks were able to differentiate the studied populations with close to 100% sensitivity and specificity. Three of the deregulated proteins/peptides at m/z 1867, 2701, and 2094 were identified by mass spectroscopy (LTQ Orbitrap XL) as tubulin beta chain, thymosin beta-4-like protein 3, and cytochrome b-c₁ complex subunit 1, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pattern of proteins/peptides identified in the present work shows great potential for GC diagnosis. Deregulated proteins of tubulin beta chain, thymosin beta-4-like protein 3, and cytochrome b-c₁ complex subunit 1 may be involved in the pathogenesis of GC and serve as potential serological diagnostic biomarkers.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Anal-Colorectal Surgery, No. 150 Central Hospital of PLA, Luoyang, PR China.
authors.forename: Nai-Jun
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Qing-Yin
authors.initials: QY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xiu-Li
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Jun-Tang
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Chun-Fang
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008875:Middle Aged; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics; D013947:Thymosin / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D014404:Tubulin / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D000099201:Thymosin beta(4)
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D013947:Thymosin; D014404:Tubulin; D000099201:Thymosin beta(4); C027208:ubiquinone-binding proteins
keywords: Biological markers; Cytochrome b–c(1) complex subunit 1; Diagnosis; Proteomics; Stomach neoplasms; Thymosin beta-4-like protein 3; Tubulin beta chain