title: Amla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.) extract inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced procoagulant and pro-inflammatory factors in cultured vascular endothelial cells.
abstract: Amla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.) has been used for many centuries in traditional Indian Ayurvedic formulations for the prevention and treatment of many inflammatory diseases. The present study evaluated the anti-inflammatory and anticoagulant properties of amla fruit extract. The amla fruit extract potentially and significantly reduced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced tissue factor expression and von Willebrand factor release in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in vitro at clinically relevant concentrations (1-100 μg/ml). In a leucocyte adhesion model of inflammation, it also significantly decreased LPS-induced adhesion of human monocytic cells (THP-1) to the HUVEC, as well as reduced the expression of endothelial-leucocyte adhesion molecule-1 (E-selectin) in the target cells. In addition, the in vivo anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated in a LPS-induced endotoxaemia rat model. Oral administration of the amla fruit extract (50 mg/kg body weight) significantly decreased the concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and IL-6 in serum. These results suggest that amla fruit extract may be an effective anticoagulant and anti-inflammatory agent.
authors.affiliation: Nutrition Division, Taiyo Kagaku Company Limited, 1-3 Takaramachi, Yokkaichi, Mie 510-0844, Japan.
authors.forename: Theertham Pradyumna
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Akita
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Naomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kato-Yasuda
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suzuki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000097:blood; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D019446:Endotoxemia / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005638:Fruit; D061307:Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008297:Male; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D029842:Phyllanthus emblica; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013925:Thromboplastin / Q000378:metabolism; D014841:von Willebrand Factor / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000925:Anticoagulants; D016207:Cytokines; D019040:E-Selectin; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010936:Plant Extracts; C029417:Von Willebrand antigen; D014841:von Willebrand Factor; D013925:Thromboplastin