title: Origins of increased airway smooth muscle mass in asthma.
abstract: Asthma is characterized by both chronic inflammation and airway remodeling. Remodeling--the structural changes seen in asthmatic airways--is pivotal in the pathogenesis of the disease. Although significant advances have been made recently in understanding the different aspects of airway remodeling, the exact biology governing these changes remains poorly understood. There is broad agreement that, in asthma, increased airway smooth muscle mass, in part due to smooth muscle hyperplasia, is a very significant component of airway remodeling. However, significant debate persists on the origins of these airway smooth muscle cells. In this review article we will explore the natural history of airway remodeling in asthma and we will discuss the possible contribution of progenitors, stem cells and epithelial cells in mesenchymal cell changes, namely airway smooth muscle hyperplasia seen in the asthmatic airways.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Lung Health, Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK.
authors.forename: Rachid
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Berair
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Saunders
authors.forename: Christopher E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Brightling
mesh_terms: D056151:Airway Remodeling / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D001249:Asthma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000473:pathology* / Q000502:physiology; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000473:pathology* / Q000502:physiology; D020545:Respiratory Mucosa / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000502:physiology*