title: Periodontal disease in HIV-infected adults in the HAART era: Clinical, immunological, and microbiological aspects.
abstract: The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has decreased the incidence and prevalence of several oral manifestations such as oral candidiasis, hairy leukoplakia, and Kaposi's sarcoma in HIV-infected patients. Regarding periodontal disease the findings are not clear. This disease represents a group of chronic oral diseases characterized by infection and inflammation of the periodontal tissues. These tissues surround the teeth and provide periodontal protection (the gingival tissue) and periodontal support (periodontal ligament, root cementum, alveolar bone). Clinical, immunological, and microbiological aspects of these diseases, such as linear gingival erythema (LGE), necrotizing periodontal diseases (NPD) (necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis [NUG], necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis [NUP] and necrotizing stomatitis), and chronic periodontitis, have been widely studied in HIV-infected individuals, but without providing conclusive results. The purpose of this review was to contribute to a better overall understanding of the probable impact of HIV-infection on the characteristics of periodontal infections.
authors.affiliation: Dental School, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. luciogoncalves@yahoo.com.br
authors.forename: Lucio Souza
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.forename: Barbara Mulatinho Lopo
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.forename: Tatiana Vasconcellos
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Fontes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*
keywords: HIV infection; Highly active antiretroviral therapy; Immunology; Microbiology; Periodontal diseases