title: A validated silver-nanoparticle-enhanced chemiluminescence method for the determination of citalopram in pharmaceutical preparations and human plasma.
abstract: A simple and sensitive chemiluminescence (CL) method was developed for the determination of citalopram in pharmaceutical preparations and human plasma. The method is based on the enhancement of the weak CL signal of the luminol-H2 O2 system. It was found that the CL signal arising from the reaction between alkaline luminol and H2 O2 was greatly increased by the addition of silver nanoparticles in the presence of citalopram. Prepared silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Various experimental parameters affecting CL intensity were studied and optimized for the determination of citalopram. Under optimized experimental conditions, CL intensity was found to be proportional to the concentration of citalopram in the range 40-2500 ng/mL, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9997. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of the devised method were 3.78 and 12.62 ng/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the developed method was found to have excellent reproducibility with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 3.65% (n = 7). Potential interference by common excipients was also studied. The method was validated statistically using recovery studies and was successfully applied to the determination of citalopram in the pure form, in pharmaceutical preparations and in spiked human plasma samples. Percentage recoveries were found to range from 97.71 to 101.99% for the pure form, from 97.84 to 102.78% for pharmaceutical preparations and from 95.65 to 100.35% for spiked human plasma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702-701, South Korea; Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad Naeem
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Muhammad Rasul
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Jan
authors.forename: Jasmin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Sang Hak
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D015283:Citalopram / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008163:Luminescent Measurements / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000032:analysis*; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D015283:Citalopram; D012834:Silver
keywords: chemiluminescence; citalopram; luminol; silver nanoparticles; spiked human plasma