title: Factors associated with persistent smoking after the diagnosis of cardiovascular disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although cigarette smoking is a major modifiable risk factor for the occurrence of primary and secondary cardiovascular disease (CVD), not all survivors from CVD attacks can successfully stop smoking. However, little is known about the factors associated with the change in smoking behavior after CVD attack.
  
  
  METHODS
  Study subjects included 16,807 participants (≥19 years) in the fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. From them, we selected 180 persons who had previous CVD diagnosis (angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, or stroke) and were smoking at the time of CVD diagnosis. Then, we categorized the 180 persons into two groups according to change in smoking status after the CVD: quitter and non-quitter. Logistic regression analysis was done to evaluate multivariable-adjusted association.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Even after CVD diagnosis, 63.60% continued to smoke. Fully-adjusted analysis revealed that regular drinking (odds ratio [OR], 4.44) and presence of smokers among family members (OR, 5.86) were significantly (P < 0.05) associated with greater risk of persistent smoking, whereas lower education level (OR, 0.20), larger amount of smoking (OR, 0.95), longer time since diagnosis (OR, 0.88), and diabetes (OR, 0.36) were significantly (P < 0.05) associated with decreased risk of persistent smoking after CVD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A great proportion of CVD patients tended to continue smoking in the Korean population. In order to reduce smoking rates among CVD patients further, more aggressive efforts towards smoking cessation should be continuously made with consideration of individual socioeconomic, behavioral, and clinical characteristics of CVD patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyo-Eun
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Yun-Mi
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Bo-Kyoung
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Yong-Soon
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Mi-Hyun
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Kim
keywords: Cardiovascular Diseases; Health Surveys; Korean; Risk Factors; Smoking Cessation