title: EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR LIKE5 peptide represses stomatal development by inhibiting meristemoid maintenance in Arabidopsis thaliana.
abstract: Stomatal development in Arabidopsis epidermis is both positively and negatively regulated by a family of Cys-rich peptides, EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR LIKEs (EPFLs). We synthesized biologically active synthetic EPFL5 (sEPFL5) peptide, which reduced the number of stoma in leaves and cotyledons. The sEPFL5 possesses three disulfide bonds at positions identical to those of a positive development factor, stomagen. Application of sEPFL5 had little inhibitory effect on protodermal cells entering the stomatal lineage, but did inhibit the maintenance of meristemoid activity, resulting in the differentiation of arrested meristemoids into pavement cells. This phenotype was enhanced in the too many mouths (tmm) mutant background. RNA analysis revealed that sEPFL5 application halved SPEECHLESS expression and abolished MUTE expression in tmm mutants, explaining the phenotype observed. The action of sEPFL5 was mediated by ERECTA family receptors. We propose that EPFL5 functions to establish the differentiation of stomatal lineage cells to pavement cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Mechanisms and Functions, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Niwa
authors.forename: Tatsuhiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: Michi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nishizawa
authors.forename: Ryoko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kajita
authors.forename: Tatsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kakimoto
authors.forename: Sumie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ishiguro
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D019070:Cell Lineage; D018548:Cotyledon / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D018519:Meristem / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D009154:Mutation; D010455:Peptides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000235:genetics; D063245:Plant Development / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D019441:Plant Epidermis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; C576217:EPFL5 protein, Arabidopsis; D010455:Peptides; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; C457763:ER protein, Arabidopsis; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases