title: Ductal carcinoma in situ: morphology-based knowledge and molecular advances.
abstract: Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is an established precursor of invasive breast carcinoma. Immunoperoxidase stains for selected markers can assist pathologists in the diagnosis of challenging ductal epithelial proliferations, but they cannot replace morphologic evaluation as the primary and critical assessment of this disease. Molecular studies provide further insight into how DCIS progresses to invasive carcinoma and also confirm the heterogeneity of this lesion. Morphology-based knowledge, immunohistochemistry, and molecular advances in DCIS are the subjects of this review.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Dara S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: Yong Hannah
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: Edi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Brogi
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001706:Biopsy; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D002285:Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005821:Genetic Techniques; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D010641:Phenotype; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor