title: A comparative study of risk factors and the occurrence rate of coronary atherosclerosis in extra- and intracranial atherosclerotic lesions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The risk factors and epidemiology of extracranial and intracranial atherosclerotic lesions may be different. We evaluated the importance of perioperative management of coronary atherosclerotic lesions in carotid endarterectomy (CEA) or carotid artery stenting (CAS) for extracranial cervical carotid artery stenosis and superior temporal artery (STA)-middle cerebral artery (MCA) bypass for intracranial severe MCA stenosis/occlusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  The medical records of patients who underwent cerebrovascular surgery at Aizu Chuo Hospital between January 2000 and September 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. Preoperative cardiovascular screening was performed for all patients to prevent perioperative ischemic heart disease-related complications. The number of patients requiring preoperative treatment of the coronary artery was compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 320 patients underwent surgery for cervical carotid stenosis (IC group; 259 patients with CEA and 61 patients with CAS), and 92 patients underwent STA-MCA bypass for MCA stenosis/occlusion (MC group). Treatment for coronary lesions was required in 35 of 320 patients (10.9%) in the IC group and 14 of 92 patients (15.2%) in the MC group. Surgery was safely performed in both groups without any ischemic heart disease-related complications during the perioperative period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows the importance of perioperative management of coronary atherosclerotic lesions for STA-MCA bypass, similar to that for CEA/CAS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Aizu Chuo Hospital, Aizuwakamatsu, Fukushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miyawaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Aizu Chuo Hospital, Aizuwakamatsu, Fukushima, Japan. Electronic address: maeda@onchikai.jp.
authors.forename: Keiichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maeda
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017130:Angioplasty / Q000295:instrumentation; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D016894:Endarterectomy, Carotid; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery; D002537:Intracranial Arteriosclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019990:Perioperative Care; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015607:Stents
keywords: Carotid artery stenting; carotid endarterectomy; coronary atherosclerosis; extracranial atherosclerosis; intracranial atherosclerosis; superior temporal artery–middle cerebral artery bypass