title: Neurodevelopmental, educational and behavioral outcome at 8 years after neonatal ECMO: a nationwide multicenter study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Reporting neurodevelopmental outcome of 8-year-old children treated with neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).
  
  
  METHODS
  In a follow-up study in 135 8-year-old children who received neonatal ECMO between 1996 and 2001 we assessed intelligence (Revised Amsterdam Intelligence Test), concentration (Bourdon-Vos test), eye-hand coordination (Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration) and behavior (Child Behavior Checklist and Teacher Report Form).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intelligence fell within normal range (mean IQ 99.9, SD 17.7, n = 125) with 91 % of the children following regular education. Significantly more children attended special education (9 %) or received extra support in regular education (39 %) compared with normative data. Slower working speed (χ(2) = 132.36, p < 0.001) and less accuracy (χ(2) = 12.90, p < 0.001) were found on the Bourdon-Vos test (n = 123) compared with normative data. Eye-hand coordination fell within the normal range (mean 97.6, SD 14.3, n = 126); children with congenital diaphragmatic hernia scored lowest but still normally (mean 91.0, SD 16.4, n = 28). Mothers (n = 117) indicated more somatic and attention behavior problems; teachers (n = 115) indicated more somatic, social, thought, aggression and total problems compared with normative data. Mothers indicated more somatic problems than teachers (p = 0.003); teachers reported more attention problems than mothers (p = 0.036; n = 111).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Eight-year-old children treated with neonatal ECMO fall in the normal range of intelligence with problems with concentration and behavior. Long-term follow-up for children treated with neonatal ECMO should focus on early detection of (subtle) learning deficits.
authors.affiliation: Intensive Care and Department of Paediatric Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Room Sk 1280; dr. Molewaterplein 60, 3015 GJ, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marlous J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Madderom
authors.forename: Jolanda J C M
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Reuser
authors.forename: Elisabeth M W J
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Utens
authors.forename: Joost
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van Rosmalen
authors.forename: Marlou
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Raets
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Govaert
authors.forename: Katerina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Steiner
authors.forename: Saskia J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Gischler
authors.forename: Dick
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tibboel
authors.forename: Arno F J
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: van Heijst
authors.forename: Hanneke
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ijsselstijn
mesh_terms: D001288:Attention; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior; D004522:Educational Status; D015199:Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007360:Intelligence; D008297:Male; D009426:Netherlands; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D016896:Treatment Outcome