title: Threading immobilized DNA molecules through a solid-state nanopore at >100 μs per base rate.
abstract: In pursuit of developing solid-state nanopore-based DNA sequencing technology, we have designed and constructed an apparatus that can place a DNA-tethered probe tip near a solid-state nanopore, control the DNA moving speed, and measure the ionic current change when a DNA molecule is captured and released from a nanopore. The probe tip's position is sensed and controlled by a tuning fork based feedback force sensor and a nanopositioning system. Using this newly constructed apparatus, a DNA strand moving rate of >100 μs/base or <1 nm/ms in silicon nitride nanopores has been accomplished. This rate is 10 times slower than by manipulating DNA-tethered beads using optical tweezers and 1000 times slower than free DNA translocation through solid-state nanopores reported previously, which provides enough temporal resolution to read each base on a tethered DNA molecule using available single-channel recording electronics on the market today. This apparatus can measure three signals simultaneously: ionic current through a nanopore, tip position, and tip vibrational amplitude during the process of a DNA molecule's capture and release by a nanopore. We show results of this apparatus for measuring λ DNA's capture and release distances and for current blockage signals of λ DNA molecules biotinylated with one end and with both ends tethered to a tip.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA.
authors.forename: Changbae
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hyun
authors.forename: Harpreet
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kaur
authors.forename: Ryan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rollings
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Jiali
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D003217:Conductometry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D008365:Manometry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D055617:Micro-Electrical-Mechanical Systems / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008846:Micromanipulation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D010316:Particle Size
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral