title: A confirmatory factor analysis of the General Health Questionnaire-28 in a Black South African sample.
abstract: This study examined the latent factor structure of the General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28) in a Black South African sample (N = 523). Results of the single-group confirmatory factor analysis support the universal four-factor structure of general psychological health observed in Western samples. However, multigroup confirmatory factor analyses (i.e. split-sample cross-validation approach, conducted with invariance analyses) for a three-factor structure suggest that psychological health could have a less differentiated dimensional structure in some African populations. Theoretical and practical implications of the study results are discussed.
authors.affiliation: University of Cape Town, South Africa Stellenbosch University, South Africa.
authors.forename: Francois S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: de Kock
authors.affiliation: University of Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: Gina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Görgens-Ekermans
authors.affiliation: Military Academy, Stellenbosch University, South Africa.
authors.forename: Thamsanqla J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Dhladhla
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D044383:Black People / Q000208:ethnology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health / Q000208:ethnology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008889:Military Personnel / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013019:South Africa / Q000208:ethnology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: General Health Questionnaire–28; cross-cultural assessment; factor structure; psychological health; test transportability