title: Histological factors for accurately predicting first locoregional recurrence of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast.
abstract: The accurate assessment of the risk of first locoregional recurrence is very important for improving the survival of patients with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. The present study investigated which histological factors (both well-known histological factors and factors that we have proposed) were the most capable of accurately predicting first locoregional recurrence among 1042 patients with invasive ductal carcinoma and various tumor statuses (overall, nodal status, Union Internationale Contre le Cancer pathological TNM stage, adjuvant therapy status, and adjuvant radiotherapy status) using multivariate analyses by the Cox proportional hazard regression model. The present study clearly demonstrated that the best factor for accurately predicting locoregional recurrence was grade 3 lymph vessel tumor embolus (>4 mitotic figures and >6 apoptotic figures in tumor embolus), followed by type 2 invasive ductal carcinoma (negative for fibrotic foci but positive for atypical tumor-stromal fibroblast), grade 2 lymph vessel tumor embolus (1-4 mitotic figures and >0 apoptotic figures in tumor embolus; >0 mitotic figures and 1-6 apoptotic figures in tumor embolus), primary invasive tumor cell-related factors (>19 mitotic figures, presence of tumor necrosis, presence of skin invasion) and >5 mitotic figures in metastatic carcinomas to the lymph node. Our proposed factors were superior to well-known histological factors of primary invasive tumors or clinicopathological factors for the accurate prediction of first locoregional recurrence in patients with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast.
authors.affiliation: Diagnostic Pathology Section, Medical Support and Partnership Division, Center for Cancer Control and Information Services, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan. thasebe@east.ncc.go.jp
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hasebe
authors.forename: Motoki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iwasaki
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hojo
authors.forename: Tatsuhiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsuda
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000473:pathology*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D055815:Young Adult