title: Fracture resistance of single-tooth implant-supported zirconia-based indirect composite-layered molar restorations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluated the fracture resistance of single-tooth implant-supported zirconia-based indirect composite-layered molar restorations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-four titanium abutments (GingiHue Post) were placed on dental implants (Osseotite Implant). Standardized single-tooth cement-retained implant-supported mandibular molar restorations were fabricated for each of four test groups (n = 11) as follows: porcelain-fused-to-metal crowns (PFM), zirconia-based all-ceramic crowns (ZAC), zirconia-based indirect composite-layered crowns primed with Estenia Opaque Primer for zirconia frameworks (ZIC-E), and zirconia-based indirect composite-layered crowns (ZIC). The crowns were luted with a glass-ionomer cement (Ketac Cem Easymix). Fracture resistance (N) was determined by force application of a perpendicular load to the crowns with a universal testing machine. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey's HSD test were used to assess differences in fracture resistance values (α = 0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean fracture resistances (SD) were 3.09 (0.22) kN, 3.11 (0.34) kN, 2.84 (0.21) kN, and 2.50 (0.36) kN for the PFM, ZAC, ZIC-E, and ZIC groups, respectively. Fracture resistance in the ZIC specimens was significantly lower (P < 0.044) than that in the other groups, which did not significantly differ.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The fracture resistance of single-tooth implant-supported zirconia-based indirect composite-layered molar crowns primed with Estenia Opaque Primer for zirconia frameworks (ZIC-E) is comparable to that of porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM) and zirconia-based all-ceramic (ZAC) restorations. Application of Estenia Opaque Primer to zirconia ceramic framework provides superior fracture resistance in implant-supported zirconia-based indirect composite-layered molar crowns.
authors.affiliation: Major in Fixed Prosthodontics, Nihon University Graduate School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kohei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Taguchi
authors.forename: Futoshi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Komine
authors.forename: Ryosuke
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fushiki
authors.forename: Markus B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Blatz
authors.forename: Shingo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kamio
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsumura
mesh_terms: D000044:Dental Abutments; D019250:Dental Implants, Single-Tooth; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D019094:Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008963:Molar / Q000601:surgery*; D014025:Titanium; D015040:Zirconium
chemical_list: D015040:Zirconium; D014025:Titanium; C028541:zirconium oxide
keywords: dental implant; fracture resistance; implant framework; indirect composite material; zirconia ceramics