title: Hazardous waste characterization among various thermal processes in South Korea: a comparative analysis.
abstract: Ministry of Environment, Republic of Korea (South Korea) is in progress of converting its current hazardous waste classification system to harmonize it with the international standard and to set-up the regulatory standards for toxic substances present in the hazardous waste. In the present work, the concentrations along with the trend of 13 heavy metals, F(-), CN(-) and 19 PAH present in the hazardous waste generated among various thermal processes (11 processes) in South Korea were analyzed along with their leaching characteristics. In all thermal processes, the median concentrations of Cu (3.58-209,000 mg/kg), Ni (BDL-1560 mg/kg), Pb (7.22-5132.25mg/kg) and Zn (83.02-31419 mg/kg) were comparatively higher than the other heavy metals. Iron & Steel thermal process showed the highest median value of the heavy metals Cd (14.76 mg/kg), Cr (166.15 mg/kg) and Hg (2.38 mg/kg). Low molecular weight PAH (BDL-37.59 mg/kg) was predominant in sludge & filter cake samples present in most of the thermal processes. Comparatively flue gas dust present in most of the thermal processing units resulted in the higher leaching of the heavy metals.
authors.affiliation: Resource Recirculation Research Division, Environmental Resources Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Hwangyeong-ro 42, Seo-gu, Incheon 404-708, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sun Kyoung
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Woo-Il
authors.initials: WI
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Tae-Wan
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.forename: Young-Yeul
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Seong-Kyeong
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Jin-Mo
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Yeon
authors.forename: Swarnalatha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Somasundaram
mesh_terms: D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D006256:Hazardous Waste / Q000032:analysis / Q000145:classification*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007220:Industrial Waste; D007501:Iron / Q000032:analysis; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009532:Nickel / Q000032:analysis; D012037:Refuse Disposal / Q000379:methods*; D056910:Republic of Korea; D012722:Sewage; D013232:Steel / Q000032:analysis; D015032:Zinc / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D006256:Hazardous Waste; D007220:Industrial Waste; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D012722:Sewage; D013232:Steel; D007854:Lead; D003300:Copper; D009532:Nickel; D007501:Iron; D015032:Zinc
keywords: 1-Mnap; 1-methyl naphthalene; 2-Mnap; 2-methyl naphthalene; 3-MChl; 3-methylcholanthrene; AcNy; Acne; AlM; An; BaA; BaP; BbF; BghiP; BkF; Cer; Chr; CuM; DBahA; FGD; FLA; Fecas; Fl; G; HMW-PAH; Hazardous waste; Heavy metals; IP; IS; LMW-PAH; Metallurgy; NFe; NFecas; Nap; P; PbM; Phe; Poly aromatic hydrocarbon; Py; S&F; SW; T-PAH; Thermal process; ZnM; acenaphthene; acenapthylene; aluminium thermal metallurgy; anthracene; benzo(a)anthracene; benzo(a)pyrene; benzo(b)fluoranthene; benzo(g,h,i)perylene; benzo(k)fluoranthene; casting of ferrous pieces; casting of non-ferrous pieces; copper thermal metallurgy; crysene; dibenzo(a,h)anthracene; flue-gas dust; fluoranthene; fluorene; high molecular weight PAH; indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene; iron and steel industry; lead thermal metallurgy; low molecular weight PAH; manufacture of ceramic goods; manufacture of glass and glass products; naphthalene; other non-ferrous thermal metallurgy; phenanthrene; power stations; pyrene; sludges & filter cakes collected from gas treatment equipments; solid waste from gas treatment equipments; total PAHs; zinc thermal metallurgy