title: The effects of a pour-on formulation of fluazuron 2.5 % and flumethrin 1 % on populations of Rhipicephalus decoloratus and Rhipicephalus microplus both on and off bovine (Bonsmara breed) hosts.
abstract: The present study demonstrated the efficacy of a pour-on formulation of fluazuron 2.5 % and flumethrin 1 % (Drastic Deadline eXtreme®) against Rhipicephalus decoloratus and Rhipicephalus microplus on cattle on pasture previously grazed by experimentally infested animals. Six tick-free cattle were placed on the pasture and treated 7 days later (Day 0) with the pour-on. They were retreated on Days 63, 126 and 189 and monthly tick counts were done. Mean numbers of adult R. decoloratus and/or R. microplus decreased from 53 and 14 on Days 56 and 112 respectively to 2 or less on all other occasions including Day 254. Compared to the numbers of R. decoloratus and/or R. microplus larvae collected from vegetation in the previous year, larval numbers declined by 40.7 % on Day 28, and thereafter reduction remained between 84 % and 100 %. Pairs of tracer calves placed on the pasture for 7 days each month were then held in pens and adult ticks that detached collected. Reduction in the numbers of R. decoloratus collected from tracer animals was 75 % on Day 56 and remained above 93 % except for Day 224 when it temporarily decreased to 78.5 %. Reduction in the numbers of R. microplus was 97.5 % on Day 28 and remained above 98 % until the conclusion of the study on Day 254. Treatment with the pour-on formulation of fluazuron and flumethrin resulted in a marked decrease in the numbers of R. decoloratus and/or R. microplus on treated cattle followed by a reduction in the numbers of larvae questing on the vegetation and ticks picked up by tracer calves. No other potential host species for R. decoloratus and/or R. microplus were present in the camps.
authors.affiliation: ClinVet International, Universitas, South Africa.
authors.forename: Josephus J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Fourie
authors.forename: Julian E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Liebenberg
authors.forename: Nnkululeko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nyangiwe
authors.forename: Clinton
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Austin
authors.forename: Ivan G
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Horak
authors.forename: Chandra
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bhushan
mesh_terms: D056810:Acaricides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D059208:Parasite Load; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D048494:Rhipicephalus / Q000187:drug effects*; D013984:Tick Infestations / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D056810:Acaricides; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D011722:Pyrethrins; C041392:flumethrin; C104929:fluazuron