title: [Diagnostic accuracy of a standardized carbohydrate-rich breakfast compared to an oral glucose tolerance test in occupational medicine].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus is not only a problem for the health care system but also impairs working environment. In order to reduce costs by illness and early retirement and the development of diabetic complications occupational medicine is important for early diabetes detection. However, the diagnostic gold standard, oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT), is rarely accepted. Aim of our investigation was to evaluate diagnostic accuracy of a standardizable and cost-effective test-breakfast in comparison to oGTT which might be accepted in workplace.
  
  
  METHODS
  During a workplace health promotion program diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity and specificity) of a test-breakfast (index test) was analyzed in a random-cross-over-design with healthy volunteers in comparison to an oGTT (reference test).
  
  
  RESULTS
  278 subjects participated and rated the health promotion program to be useful (99%). 74% stated that they preferred the test-breakfast in contrast to the oGTT. Both screening methods showed comparable plasma glucose and insulin curves. The plasma glucose levels measured capillary and venously during test-breakfast and oGTT were very consistent. Differences were only seen for the 2 h plasma glucose values in the fully adjusted model. The test-breakfast demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity for diabetes diagnosis compared to the reference test with highly comparable results, i. e. 8 persons (2,9%) newly diagnosed with diabetes by the test-breakfast vs. 7 (2,5%) by oGTT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A test-breakfast seems to be a useful first screening instrument to increase the compliance of occupational health promotions and might improve early diabetes diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Westdeutsches Diabetes- und Gesundheitszentrum, Verbund Katholischer Kliniken Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf. kerstin.kempf@wdgz.de
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kempf
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Haastert
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schneider
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D062408:Breakfast; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000191:economics / Q000517:prevention & control; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000191:economics; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000378:metabolism*; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test / Q000191:economics; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D008875:Middle Aged; D009786:Occupational Health Services / Q000191:economics; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human