title: Prospective evaluation of term neonate brain damage following preceding hypoxic sentinel events using enhanced T₂* weighted angiography (eSWAN).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the brain damage of term neonates with evidence of a preceding hypoxic sentinel event using eSWAN prospectively.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was approved by the institutional research ethics committee. Among the neonates who were examined during the first 8 days after birth with conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and eSWAN, 39 neonates with a preceding acute hypoxic sentinel event were divided into two groups: the hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) group and the high-risk group. Twenty-five neonates were normal control subjects. Conventional MRI, DWI, and T₂* and R₂* maps from eSWAN were assessed. T₂* and R₂* values from T₂* and R₂* maps were calculated in predefined regions in the HIE and high-risk groups and then compared with those in control subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The neonates in the HIE and high-risk groups showed a high percentage of cerebral oedema and periventricular white-matter (PWM) lesions. Cerebral oedema and haemorrhagic lesions of PWM were more highly visible on the T₂* map compared with conventional MRI: cerebral oedema was illustrated as a high T₂* area and haemorrhagic lesions had a significantly lower T₂* on the T₂* map. Lower R₂* values of lentiform nuclei (LN) and a higher T₂* and lower R₂* of frontal white matter (FWM) were found in neonates in the HIE group relative to those of normal controls. The T₂* value of LN in the high-risk group was higher than that of the normal controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The T₂* map from eSWAN is useful in detecting cerebral oedema and haemorrhagic lesions of PWM in neonates. The measurement of T₂* and R₂* values is helpful in assessing the LN and FWM damage in neonates following a hypoxic sentinel event.
authors.affiliation: 1Medical Imaging Center, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University , Guangzhou , China.
authors.forename: Xueying
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Guosheng
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Xiaofei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Bingxiao
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Hejia
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Sirun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000792:Angiography; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020925:Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain / Q000150:complications*; D007223:Infant; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies