title: Effects of chronic swimming training and oestrogen therapy on coronary vascular reactivity and expression of antioxidant enzymes in ovariectomized rats.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of swimming training (SW) and oestrogen replacement therapy (ERT) on coronary vascular reactivity and the expression of antioxidant enzymes in ovariectomized rats. Animals were randomly assigned to one of five groups: sham (SH), ovariectomized (OVX), ovariectomized with E2 (OE2), ovariectomized with exercise (OSW), and ovariectomized with E2 plus exercise (OE2+SW). The SW protocol (5×/week, 60 min/day) and/or ERT were conducted for 8 weeks; the vasodilator response to bradykinin was analysed (Langendorff Method), and the expression of antioxidant enzymes (SOD-1 and 2, catalase) and eNOS and iNOS were evaluated by Western blotting. SW and ERT improved the vasodilator response to the highest dose of bradykinin (1000 ng). However, in the OSW group, this response was improved at 100, 300 and 1000 ng when compared to OVX (p<0,05). The SOD-1 expression was increased in all treated/trained groups compared to the OVX group (p<0,05), and catalase expression increased in the OSW group only. In the trained group, eNOS increased vs. OE2, and iNOS decreased vs. SHAM (p<0,05). SW may represent an alternative to ERT by improving coronary vasodilation, most likely by increasing antioxidant enzyme and eNOS expression and augmenting NO bioavailability.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória-ES, Brazil. erick_edf@yahoo.com.br
authors.forename: Erick R G
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Claudio
authors.forename: Patrick W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Endlich
authors.forename: Roger L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Margareth R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Moysés
authors.forename: Nazaré S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Bissoli
authors.forename: Sônia A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Gouvêa
authors.forename: Josiane F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Virginia S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Lemos
authors.forename: Glaucia R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Abreu
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D001823:Body Composition / Q000187:drug effects; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D001920:Bradykinin / Q000494:pharmacology; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000502:physiology*; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D004967:Estrogens / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D010052:Ovariectomy; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D013550:Swimming / Q000502:physiology*; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004967:Estrogens; D007527:Isoenzymes; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D001920:Bradykinin