title: Change in kidney damage biomarkers after 13 weeks of exposing rats to the complex of Paecilomyces sinclairii and its host Bombyx mori larvae.
abstract: Complex of Paecilomyces sinclairii and host larvae, Bombyx mori, is a well known health food; however, concerns about nephrotoxicity have been raised. Kidney toxicity was investigated after 13 weeks of administering the complex orally to rats with parameters including blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and kidney damage biomarkers, beta-2-microglobulin (β2m), glutathione S-transferase alpha (GST-α), kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1), tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), calbindin, clusterin, cystatin C, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), and osteopontin. Dose-dependent kidney cell karyomegaly and tubular hypertrophy were observed, with higher severity in males. There was a dose-dependent increase in KIM-1 and TIMP-1 levels in kidney and urinary KIM-1, cystatin C, β2m, and osteopontin levels. KIM-1 and TIMP-1 increased in male kidneys had not recovered by 2 weeks after stopping exposure. Cystatin C in kidney was significantly lowered in all treatment groups at 13 weeks of administration. All the changes were more noticeable in males. These data indicate that the complex damage renal tubule cells with histopathological lesions and changes in biomarker levels. Kidney and urinary KIM-1 and cystatin C were the most markedly affected and early increased indicators among biomarkers tested, whereas BUN and creatinine were not affected.
authors.affiliation: Agro-Material Safety Evaluating Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-707, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Mihye
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Young-Won
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jeong-Ran
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Min
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Beom-Suk
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Jeong-Gyu
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sang-Hee
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Jeong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine; D012831:Bombyx / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine; D004306:Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic; D005260:Female; D058870:Food, Organic / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005517:Foodborne Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006984:Hypertrophy; D007668:Kidney / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007684:Kidney Tubules / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D007814:Larva / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D008297:Male; D010143:Paecilomyces / Q000276:immunology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D056910:Republic of Korea; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013047:Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; C110936:Havcr1 protein, rat; C576839:TIMP1 protein, rat
keywords: Bombyx mori larvae; Cystatin C; Kidney damage biomarkers; Kidney injury molecule 1; Kidney toxicity; Paecilomyces sinclairii