title: Current progress in dengue vaccines.
abstract: Dengue is one of the most important emerging vector-borne viral diseases. There are four serotypes of dengue viruses (DENV), each of which is capable of causing self-limited dengue fever (DF) or even life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). The major clinical manifestations of severe DENV disease are vascular leakage, thrombocytopenia, and hemorrhage, yet the detailed mechanisms are not fully resolved. Besides the direct effects of the virus, immunopathological aspects are also involved in the development of dengue symptoms. Although no licensed dengue vaccine is yet available, several vaccine candidates are under development, including live attenuated virus vaccines, live chimeric virus vaccines, inactivated virus vaccines, and live recombinant, DNA and subunit vaccines. The live attenuated virus vaccines and live chimeric virus vaccines are undergoing clinical evaluation. The other vaccine candidates have been evaluated in preclinical animal models or are being prepared for clinical trials. For the safety and efficacy of dengue vaccines, the immunopathogenic complications such as antibody-mediated enhancement and autoimmunity of dengue disease need to be considered.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shu-Wen
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.forename: Chiou-Feng
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Shuying
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yu-Hung
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Trai-Ming
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.forename: Hsiao-Sheng
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Yee-Shin
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003715:Dengue / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D053059:Dengue Vaccines / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D003716:Dengue Virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D053059:Dengue Vaccines; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated