title: Cisplatin loaded PMMA: mechanical properties, surface analysis and effects on Saos-2 cell culture.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Despite wide resection and systemic chemotherapy, bone tumors may present with local recurrences, metastases and pathological fractures. Application of bone cement containing antineoplastic drug to fill the defect after resection of metastatic lesions and to support implants has been suggested to prevent local tumor growth and implant failures. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate the effects of the addition of cisplatin which is a widely used antineoplastic drug for osteosarcoma, on the mechanical properties of bone cement, and to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of eluted cisplatin on Saos-2 cell culture.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two cement samples were prepared by mixing 100 mg and 300 mg of cisplatin powder with 40 g cement powder. The bone cement of the control group did not contain cisplatin. Mechanical analyses included 4-point bending, compression and shear testing. For cytotoxicity analysis, samples were incubated in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's medium for 15 days. Mediums were applied to Saos-2 cell culture and cell viability was measured. Surface analyses were performed by scanning electron microscope (SEM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The addition of cisplatin did not alter the mechanical properties of bone cement. It was observed that the eluted cisplatin had cytotoxic effects on Saos-2 cells. SEM analyses demonstrated cisplatin granules on the surface of cement samples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cisplatin maintains its cytotoxic property when released from bone cement without compromising the mechanical stability. Application of cisplatin loaded bone cement may help local control of tumor growth. We believe that our study will shed light on to these new practices for the treatment of bone cancers and will encourage future studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hand Surgery and Microsurgery, University Hospital, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy. hakanozben@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Hakan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Özben
authors.forename: Levent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Eralp
authors.forename: Gökhan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Baysal
authors.forename: Ayşegül
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cort
authors.forename: Nazli
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sarkalkan
authors.forename: Tomris
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Özben
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001843:Bone Cements / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D012516:Osteosarcoma / Q000188:drug therapy; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001843:Bone Cements; D004337:Drug Carriers; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate; D002945:Cisplatin