title: Eubacterial rhodopsins - unique photosensors and diverse ion pumps.
abstract: Since the discovery of proteorhodopsins, the ubiquitous marine light-driven proton pumps of eubacteria, a large number of other eubacterial rhodopsins with diverse structures and functions have been characterized. Here, we review the body of knowledge accumulated on the four major groups of eubacterial rhodopsins, with the focus on their biophysical characterization. We discuss advances and controversies on the unique eubacterial sensory rhodopsins (as represented by Anabaena sensory rhodopsin), proton-pumping proteorhodopsins and xanthorhodopsins, as well as novel non-proton ion pumps. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Retinal Proteins - You can teach an old dog new tricks.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Biophysics Interdepartmental Group, University of Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada. Electronic address: lebrown@uoguelph.ca.
authors.forename: Leonid S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Brown
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001436:Bacteriorhodopsins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D000458:Cyanobacteria / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification / Q000502:physiology; D017136:Ion Transport; D008027:Light; D055537:Light Signal Transduction; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D011487:Protein Conformation; D020560:Proteobacteria / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification / Q000502:physiology; D012172:Retinaldehyde / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D012243:Rhodopsin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D025604:Rhodopsins, Microbial; D025603:Sensory Rhodopsins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D025604:Rhodopsins, Microbial; D025603:Sensory Rhodopsins; C413548:proteorhodopsin; D001436:Bacteriorhodopsins; D012243:Rhodopsin; D012172:Retinaldehyde
keywords: Biospectroscopy; Eubacterial rhodopsins; Photosensory transduction; Proton pumping; Retinal-binding proteins