title: [Adaptation and validation of the Spanish version of the Pain Evaluation Scale in patients with advanced dementia: PAINAD-Sp].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pain in elderly people is considered a major concern in nursing home facilities affecting between 49% and 83% of the residents. Progression of Alzheimer's Disease causes more communication difficulties in patients with advanced dementia and therefore more problems to understand even the most simple pain evaluation scales. Identification and implementation of appropriate pain management strategies depends on an adequate pain assessment.
  
  
  METHODS
  The main objective of the study was to validate the Spanish version of the PAINAD Scale (PAINAD-Sp) and to assess its applicability in Spanish Geriatric Nursing Homes. The 20 patients diagnosed with severe dementia from a Geriatric Centre in Spain were observed by five observers with different professional profiles for 5 minutes to each participant, and PAINAD-Sp Scale was administered simultaneously to a Visual Analogical Scale-VAS. Three different observational conditions were established: resting condition, during presumably pleasant activity and during presumable painful activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cronbach's alpha ranged between 0.467 and 0.827 (average 0.692), and rose if Breathing item was deleted. Inter-rater reliability ranged between 0.587 and 0.956. Correlation between PAINAD-Sp Scale total measures and VAS was statistically significant (P<.05) in all measures and ranged from 0.517 to 0.868.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings in the study showed that the scale is useful to measure pain in non communicative patients suffering from dementia. The scale maintains good levels of reliability for different healthcare professionals even when they have little training.
authors.affiliation: Departamento I+D, Fundación Instituto Gerontológico Matia-INGEMA, Madrid, España; Grupo de demencias, Fundación Instituto Gerontológico Matia-INGEMA, San Sebastián-Donostia, Guipúzcoa, España. Electronic address: alvaro.garcia@ingema.es.
authors.forename: Álvaro
authors.initials: Á
authors.lastname: García-Soler
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: Iván
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Iglesias
authors.affiliation: Grupo de demencias, Fundación Instituto Gerontológico Matia-INGEMA, San Sebastián-Donostia, Guipúzcoa, España; Centro Gerontológico Julián Rezola, Fundación Matia, San Sebastián-Donostia, Guipúzcoa, España.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Buiza
authors.affiliation: Grupo de demencias, Fundación Instituto Gerontológico Matia-INGEMA, San Sebastián-Donostia, Guipúzcoa, España; Centro Gerontológico Txara I, Fundación Matia, San Sebastián-Donostia, Guipúzcoa, España.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alaba
authors.affiliation: Grupo de demencias, Fundación Instituto Gerontológico Matia-INGEMA, San Sebastián-Donostia, Guipúzcoa, España; Departamento de Psicología Evolutiva y de la Educación, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, España.
authors.forename: Ana Belén
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Navarro
authors.affiliation: Grupo de demencias, Fundación Instituto Gerontológico Matia-INGEMA, San Sebastián-Donostia, Guipúzcoa, España; Centro Gerontológico Ricardo Bermingham, Fundación Matia, San Sebastián-Donostia, Guipúzcoa, España.
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Arriola
authors.affiliation: Grupo de demencias, Fundación Instituto Gerontológico Matia-INGEMA, San Sebastián-Donostia, Guipúzcoa, España; Centro de Atención Especializada para Discapacitados IZA, Fundación Matia, San Sebastián-Donostia, Guipúzcoa, España.
authors.forename: Amaia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zulaica
authors.affiliation: Departamento I+D, Fundación Instituto Gerontológico Matia-INGEMA, Madrid, España; Grupo de demencias, Fundación Instituto Gerontológico Matia-INGEMA, San Sebastián-Donostia, Guipúzcoa, España.
authors.forename: Raúl
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vaca
authors.affiliation: Grupo de demencias, Fundación Instituto Gerontológico Matia-INGEMA, San Sebastián-Donostia, Guipúzcoa, España; Centro de Recursos Sociales Elizarán, Fundación Matia, San Sebastián-Donostia, Guipúzcoa, España.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hernández
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003704:Dementia; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D010147:Pain Measurement; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
keywords: Assessment; Demencia; Dementia; Dolor; Escala; Evaluación; Observación; Observation; Pain; Reliability; Scale; Validez