title: Patient-derived tumor xenografts: transforming clinical samples into mouse models.
abstract: Tumor graft models (also known as patient-derived xenografts or PDX) are based on the transfer of primary tumors directly from the patient into an immunodeficient mouse. Because PDX mice are derived from human tumors, they offer a tool for developing anticancer therapies and personalized medicine for patients with cancer. In addition, these models can be used to study metastasis and tumor genetic evolution. This review examines the development, challenges, and broad use of these attractive preclinical models.
authors.affiliation: New York University Cancer Institute; and Watson School of Biological Sciences, Howard Hughes Medical Institute Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY 11742, USA.
authors.forename: Despina
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Siolas
authors.forename: Gregory J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Hannon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000473:pathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D057285:Precision Medicine; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays