title: Inclusion Complex of Zerumbone with Hydroxypropyl- β -Cyclodextrin Induces Apoptosis in Liver Hepatocellular HepG2 Cells via Caspase 8/BID Cleavage Switch and Modulating Bcl2/Bax Ratio.
abstract: Zerumbone (ZER) isolated from Zingiber zerumbet was previously encapsulated with hydroxypropyl- β -cyclodextrin (HP β CD) to enhance ZER's solubility in water, thus making it highly tolerable in the human body. The anticancer effects of this new ZER-HP β CD inclusion complex via apoptosis cell death were assessed in this study for the first time in liver hepatocellular cells, HepG2. Apoptosis was ascertained by morphological study, nuclear stain, and sub-G1 cell population accumulation with G2/M arrest. Further investigations showed the release of cytochrome c and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, proving mitochondrial dysfunction upon the ZER-HP β CD treatment as well as modulating proapoptotic and anti-apototic Bcl-2 family members. A significant increase in caspase 3/7, caspase 9, and caspase 8 was detected with the depletion of BID cleaved by caspase 8. Collectively, these results prove that a highly soluble inclusion complex of ZER-HP β CD could be a promising anticancer agent for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma in humans.
authors.affiliation: UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Nabilah
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authors.lastname: Muhammad Nadzri
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authors.lastname: Abdul
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authors.lastname: Sukari
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authors.lastname: Abdelwahab
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authors.lastname: Mohan
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authors.lastname: Kamalidehghan
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authors.lastname: Anasamy
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authors.lastname: Syam
authors.forename: Ismail Adam
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authors.lastname: Arbab
authors.forename: Heshu Sulaiman
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authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.forename: Hapipah Mohd
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authors.lastname: Ali