title: Enhancement of ANAMMOX activity by low-intensity ultrasound irradiation at ambient temperature.
abstract: This paper aims to investigate the enhancement effect of low intensity intermittent ultrasound irradiation on the efficiency of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) process at ambient temperature. With intermittently irradiated (ultrasound intensity of 0.19 w/cm(2), exposure time of 0.2 min), the reactor (RU) had a nitrogen removal rate (NRR) of 5.49 kgTN/m(3)/d at 14.8°C, while the NRR was 1.53 kgTN/m(3)/d in the control reactor (RC). At the end of operation, the contents of polysaccharide, protein, TTC-dehydrogenase and VSS were 6.82 mg/mgVSS, 26.79 mg/mgVSS, 0.58 mgTF/L/H and 10.11 gVSS/L in RU, higher than the levels in the RC. These results demonstrated that it is possible to achieve stable and highly efficient operation in an ANAMMOX reactor at low ambient temperature by implementation of ultrasonication.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, PR China.
authors.forename: Jin-Jin
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jue
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yu-Xin
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Qi-Zhen
authors.initials: QZ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Ren-Cun
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Jin
mesh_terms: D064751:Ammonium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019149:Bioreactors; D012722:Sewage; D013696:Temperature; D014465:Ultrasonics
chemical_list: D064751:Ammonium Compounds; D012722:Sewage
keywords: ANAMMOX; Ambient temperature; Sludge characteristic; Ultrasound irradiation