title: Aminosilanization nanoadhesive layer for nanoelectric circuits with porous ultralow dielectric film.
abstract: An ultrathin layer is investigated for its potential application of replacing conventional diffusion barriers and promoting interface adhesion for nanoelectric circuits with porous ultralow dielectrics. The porous ultralow dielectric (k ≈ 2.5) substrate is silanized by 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS) to form the nanoadhesive layer by performing oxygen plasma modification and tailoring the silanization conditions appropriately. The high primary amine content is obtained in favor of strong interaction between amino groups and copper. And the results of leakage current measurements of metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitor structure demonstrate that the aminosilanization nanoadhesive layer can block copper diffusion effectively and guarantee the performance of devices. Furthermore, the results of four-point bending tests indicate that the nanoadhesive layer with monolayer structure can provide the satisfactory interface toughness up to 6.7 ± 0.5 J/m(2) for Cu/ultralow-k interface. Additionally, an annealing-enhanced interface toughness effect occurs because of the formation of Cu-N bonding and siloxane bridges below 500 °C. However, the interface is weakened on account of the oxidization of amines and copper as well as the breaking of Cu-N bonding above 500 °C. It is also found that APTMS nanoadhesive layer with multilayer structure provides relatively low interface toughness compared with monolayer structure, which is mainly correlated to the breaking of interlayer hydrogen bonding.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
authors.forename: Zhongkai
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Yongyong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Haifang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Xinping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.forename: Xinchun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Jianbin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Luo