title: CO2 mitigation potential of mineral carbonation with industrial alkalinity sources in the United States.
abstract: The availability of industrial alkalinity sources is investigated to determine their potential for the simultaneous capture and sequestration of CO2 from point-source emissions in the United States. Industrial alkalinity sources investigated include fly ash, cement kiln dust, and iron and steel slag. Their feasibility for mineral carbonation is determined by their relative abundance for CO2 reactivity and their proximity to point-source CO2 emissions. In addition, the available aggregate markets are investigated as possible sinks for mineral carbonation products. We show that in the U.S., industrial alkaline byproducts have the potential to mitigate approximately 7.6 Mt CO2/yr, of which 7.0 Mt CO2/yr are CO2 captured through mineral carbonation and 0.6 Mt CO2/yr are CO2 emissions avoided through reuse as synthetic aggregate (replacing sand and gravel). The emission reductions represent a small share (i.e., 0.1%) of total U.S. CO2 emissions; however, industrial byproducts may represent comparatively low-cost methods for the advancement of mineral carbonation technologies, which may be extended to more abundant yet expensive natural alkalinity sources.
authors.affiliation: Department of Energy Resources Engineering, Stanford University, 367 Panama Street, Stanford, California 94305, United States.
authors.forename: Abby
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kirchofer
authors.forename: Austin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brandt
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wilcox
mesh_terms: D000397:Air Pollution / Q000517:prevention & control; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D057965:Carbon Sequestration; D060729:Coal Ash; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007220:Industrial Waste; D008277:Magnesium Oxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry*; D013232:Steel; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D017610:Calcium Compounds; D060729:Coal Ash; D007220:Industrial Waste; D010087:Oxides; D013232:Steel; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D008277:Magnesium Oxide; C016538:lime