title: Ultrasonography of the liver and kidneys of healthy camels (Camelus dromedarius).
abstract: This study describes the ultrasonography of the liver and kidneys of healthy camels (Camelus dromedarius). Images of the liver were obtained from the 11th to 5th intercostal spaces (ICSs). The distance between the dorsal liver margin and the midline of the back was shortest (39.1 ± 7.4 cm) at the 11th ICS and increased cranially to 5th ICS. The size of the liver was largest at the 9th ICS and smallest at the 5th ICS. In 6 camels the right kidney was visualized from the 10th and 11th ICSs and upper right flank and in the 10th and 11th ICSs in the remaining 16 camels. In all camels, the left kidney was imaged from the caudal left flank. In 21 camels, the differentiation between the renal cortex and medulla was clearly visible in the ultrasonograms. Ultrasonographic description of the liver and kidneys provides a basic reference for diagnosing hepatic and renal disorders in camels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tharwat
authors.forename: Fahd
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Al-Sobayil
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: Sébastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Buczinski
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002162:Camelus; D005260:Female; D007668:Kidney / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008099:Liver / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D014463:Ultrasonography