title: The use of bioreactors as in vitro models in pharmaceutical research.
abstract: Bringing a new drug to market is costly in terms of capital and time investments, and any development issues encountered during late-stage clinical trials can often be the result of in vitro-in vivo extrapolations (IVIVE) not accurately reflecting clinical outcome. In the discipline of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics (DMPK), current in vitro cellular methods do not provide the 3D structure and function of organs found in vivo; therefore, new dynamic methods need to be established to aid improvement of IVIVE. In this review, we highlight the importance of model progression into dynamic systems for use within drug development, focusing on devices developed currently in the areas of the liver and blood-brain barrier (BBB), and the potential to develop models for other organ systems, such as the kidney. We discuss the development of dynamic 3D bioreactor-based systems as in vitro models for use in DMPK studies.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Biological Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK.
authors.forename: Maaria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ginai
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Elsby
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Hewitt
authors.forename: Dominic
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Surry
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fenner
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Coopman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D021522:Bioartificial Organs / Q000639:trends*; D035843:Biomedical Research; D019149:Bioreactors; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends*