title: Psychosocial health of infertile Ghanaian women and their infertility beliefs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to describe infertile women's psychosocial health problems and their infertility-related beliefs and examine the relationships between their beliefs about infertility and psychosocial health problems.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was a descriptive correlational cross-sectional survey. Women (N = 203) who were receiving treatment for fertility problems in two public hospitals in Ghana were recruited.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants completed a Fertility Belief Questionnaire; measures of infertility-related stress, anxiety, social isolation, perceived stigma, and depressive symptoms; and sociodemographic and infertility-related health questions. Descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlations, and hierarchical regression analyses were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The women reported high levels of infertility-related stress, low levels of anxiety, some social isolation, low levels of perceived stigma, and high levels of depressive symptoms. Beliefs that infertility has negative consequences and that one has a poor understanding of infertility were significantly related to infertility-related stress, social isolation, and depressive symptoms. Belief that infertility could be managed by personal control was significantly related to lower levels of anxiety and perceived stigma. Beliefs about consequences, illness coherence, and personal control explained significant proportions of the variances in anxiety, stress, social isolation, perceived stigma, and depressive symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Infertile women in Ghana have psychosocial health problems that are associated with their beliefs about infertility.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings have implications for nursing care of infertile women in Ghana.
authors.affiliation: Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana. florencenaab@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Naab
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Heidrich
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003469:Culture; D003863:Depression; D005260:Female; D005869:Ghana; D006801:Humans; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000523:psychology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012934:Social Isolation; D057545:Social Stigma; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology