title: Different types of toxins targeting TRPV1 in pain.
abstract: The transient receptor potential vanilloid 1(TRPV1) channels are members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) superfamily. Members of this family are expressed in primary sensory neurons and are best known for their role in nociception and sensory transmission. Multiple painful stimuli can activate these channels. In this review, we discussed the mechanisms of different types of venoms that target TRPV1, such as scorpion venom, botulinum neurotoxin, spider toxin, ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP) and neurotoxic shellfish poisoning (NSP). Some of these toxins activate TRPV1; however, some do not. Regardless of TRPV1 inhibition or activation, they occur through different pathways. For example, BoNT/A decreases TRPV1 expression levels by blocking TRPV1 trafficking to the plasma membrane, although the exact mechanism is still under debate. Vanillotoxins from tarantula (Psalmopoeus cambridgei) are proposed to activate TRPV1 via interaction with a region of TRPV1 that is homologous to voltage-dependent ion channels. Here, we offer a description of the present state of knowledge for this complex subject.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, 185 Donghu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, PR China.
authors.forename: Jia-Wei
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Min
authors.forename: Wan-Hong
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xiao-Hua
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Bi-Wen
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Peng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000633:toxicity; D006801:Humans; D010146:Pain / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology*; D012604:Scorpion Venoms / Q000633:toxicity; D013111:Spider Venoms / Q000633:toxicity; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D050916:TRPV Cation Channels / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014118:Toxins, Biological / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D012604:Scorpion Venoms; D013111:Spider Venoms; D050916:TRPV Cation Channels; D014118:Toxins, Biological; D001905:Botulinum Toxins
keywords: Ion channels; TRPV1; Toxin; Vanillotoxins