title: Effects of N-(morpholinomethyl)-p-isopropoxyphenylsuccinimide on the protective action of different classical antiepileptic drugs against maximal electroshock-induced tonic seizures in mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to determine the effects of N-(morpholinomethyl)-p-isopropoxy-phenylsuccinimide (MMIPPS) on the protective action of four classical antiepileptic drugs (AEDs: carbamazepine [CBZ], phenobarbital [PB], phenytoin [PHT] and valproate [VPA]) against maximal electroshock (MES)-induced seizures in mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tonic hind limb extension (seizure activity) was evoked in adult male albino Swiss mice by a current (sine-wave, 25 mA, 500 V, 50 Hz, 0.2 s stimulus duration) delivered via auricular electrodes. Total brain concentrations of AEDs were measured to determine the characteristics of interaction between MMIPPS and classical AEDs in the mouse MES model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MMIPPS administered intraperitoneally (ip) at 100 mg/kg significantly elevated the threshold for electroconvulsions in mice (p < 0.01). MMIPPS at doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg had no impact on the threshold for electroconvulsions in mice. Moreover, MMIPPS (50 mg/kg) significantly enhanced the anticonvulsant activity of PB and VPA (p < 0.05), but not that of CBZ or PHT, in the MES test in mice. Pharmacokinetic studies revealed that MMIPPS (50 mg/kg) did not alter total brain concentrations of PB, but significantly elevated total brain concentrations of VPA in mice (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The enhanced anticonvulsant action of PB by MMIPPS in the mouse MES model and lack of any pharmacokinetic interaction between drugs make the combination of MMIPPS with PB of pivotal importance for further experimental and clinical studies. Pharmacokinetic increase in total brain VPA concentration seems to be responsible for the enhanced anticonvulsant action of VPA by MMIPPS in the mouse MES model. The combinations of MMIPPS with CBZ and PHT are neutral from a preclinical viewpoint.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, UC Davis School of Medicine, 4635 2nd Avenue, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
authors.forename: Dorota
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Żółkowska
authors.forename: Mateusz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kominek
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Florek-Łuszczki
authors.forename: Sergey L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Kocharov
authors.forename: Jarogniew J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Łuszczki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004597:Electroshock; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009025:Morpholines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012640:Seizures / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013388:Succinimides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D009025:Morpholines; C586145:N-(morpholinomethyl)-p-isopropoxyphenylsuccinimide; D013388:Succinimides