title: Tailored rectal cancer treatment--a time for implementing contemporary prognostic factors?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report data supporting the development of tailored treatment strategies for rectal cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  A comprehensive review of the literature on the impact of prognostic factors cur-rently not included in international guidelines in rectal cancer management.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There is considerable variation in treatment guidelines for rectal cancer worldwide, especially for Stage II and Stage III disease. Long-term side effects of chemoradiotherapy are not considered in any guideline. Detailed knowledge, and the prognostic impact, of the circumferential resection margin, tumour grade and venous invasion should be factored into the development of a treatment strategy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Factors additional to the TNM system should improve decision making for contemporary rectal cancer treatment. Optimized radiological and pathological evaluations, and a focus on detailed clinical factors, should be the basis for treatment decisions. International guidelines should consider all known prognostic factors for long-term oncological and functional outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Surgery, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wibe
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Law
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fazio
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Delaney
mesh_terms: D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D019160:Endosonography; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D018365:Neoplasm, Residual; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011379:Prognosis; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*
keywords: MRI; Rectal cancer; prognostic factors; tailored treatment