title: High prevalence of HIV-1 intersubtype B'/C recombinants among injecting drug users in Dehong, China.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the distribution of HIV-1 genotypes among injecting drug users (IDUs) from Dehong, Yunnan province.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood samples from a total of 95 HIV-positive IDUs were retrospectively analyzed. Samples were collected between 2005 and 2009 from four cities in Dehong prefecture, western Yunnan province, the geographical origin of the HIV epidemic in China. HIV-1 gag, partial pol, vpr-env fragment, half-genome, or near-full-length sequences were analyzed to determine the HIV-1 genotypes of each subject. Results were compared with findings from past studies of IDUs in Dehong and in neighboring Myanmar.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed a high prevalence of B'/C recombinants (82.4%) among IDUs in Dehong, the structural profiles of which do not match those previously reported in Dehong or in Myanmar. Furthermore, statistically significant differences in geographical and temporal distributions of HIV-1 genotypes were characterized by a predominance of HIV-1 B'/C recombinant forms among older subjects(p = 0.034), subjects from Longchuan district (p = 0.022), and subjects diagnosed between 2000 and 2004 (p = 0.004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The increasing prevalence of multiple, new B'/C recombinant forms suggest that HIV-1 intersubtype recombination is substantial and ongoing in western Yunnan. This reflects the high-risk behavior of IDUs in this region and argues the need for stronger monitoring and prevention measures in Dehong and other high-prevalence areas around China.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Ministry of Health, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoxu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Minghui
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: An
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Song
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.forename: Shaomin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Junjie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jennifer M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: McGoogan
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takebe
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D055030:Drug Users; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D005843:Geography; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D058974:Phylogeography; D015995:Prevalence; D012367:RNA, Viral; D011995:Recombination, Genetic
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral