title: Effects of work surface height on muscle activity and posture of the upper extremity during simulated pipetting.
abstract: In order to examine the effects of work surface height (WSH) on muscle activity, posture and discomfort during simulated pipetting, an experimental study was conducted using electromyography, electrogoniometry, video techniques and also qualitative data. The experimental design consisted of one independent variable (WSH with six heights) and 13 dependent variables. The levels of muscle strain and discomfort were significantly lower at the shoulder when the WSHs were low but thumb muscle activities and neck flexion levels were markedly higher at these WSHs compared to higher WSHs. To reduce shoulder strain, without raising thumb and neck strain beyond acceptable limits, the findings suggest that the height of a laboratory workbench should be at the level of the pipette tip when held in a standing position with the hand at elbow height. It was also found that pipetting should not be done in a seated posture.
  An experimental study was conducted to examine the effects of work surface height on upper extremity muscle activity, posture and discomfort during simulated pipetting. The findings suggest that the laboratory workbench height should be at the pipette-tip level when held in a standing position with the hand at elbow height.
authors.affiliation: Department of Work Environment, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 1 University Ave., Lowell, MA 01854, USA. ergo.jkpark@gmail.com
authors.forename: Jung-Keun
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Bryan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Buchholz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004576:Electromyography; D006804:Ergonomics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007374:Interior Design and Furnishings; D007753:Laboratories; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009333:Neck / Q000502:physiology; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016272:Occupational Health; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology*; D034941:Upper Extremity / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult