title: A new measure of interpersonal exploitativeness.
abstract: Measures of exploitativeness evidence problems with validity and reliability. The present set of studies assessed a new measure [the Interpersonal Exploitativeness Scale (IES)] that defines exploitativeness in terms of reciprocity. In Studies 1 and 2, 33 items were administered to participants. Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis demonstrated that a single factor consisting of six items adequately assess interpersonal exploitativeness. Study 3 results revealed that the IES was positively associated with "normal" narcissism, pathological narcissism, psychological entitlement, and negative reciprocity and negatively correlated with positive reciprocity. In Study 4, participants competed in a commons dilemma. Those who scored higher on the IES were more likely to harvest a greater share of resources over time, even while controlling for other relevant variables, such as entitlement. Together, these studies show the IES to be a valid and reliable measure of interpersonal exploitativeness. The authors discuss the implications of these studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University at Mansfield , Mansfield, OH , USA.
authors.forename: Amy B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Brunell
authors.forename: Mark S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Dan R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Schley
authors.forename: Abbey L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Eng
authors.forename: Manfred H M
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: van Dulmen
authors.forename: Kelly L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Wester
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Flannery
keywords: exploitativeness; measurement; narcissism; reciprocity; social dilemma