title: Autoimmune retinopathies: a report of 3 cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe 3 representative cases of autoimmune retinopathy (AIR).
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical records of patients with a diagnosis of AIR were analyzed for demographic data, clinical findings, ancillary and laboratory tests, and treatment employed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three female patients diagnosed with AIR had bilateral reduction of electroretinogram amplitudes and elevation of visual field threshold within the central 30 degrees of the visual field that was disproportionately more severe than the clinical findings of retinal degeneration. The diagnoses were cancer-associated retinopathy, non-neoplastic AIR, and hereditary retinal dystrophy with secondary inflammation. Optic nerve involvement was also present in all cases. The patient with non-neoplastic AIR was successfully treated with systemic corticosteroids and immunomodulatory agents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High index of suspicion is essential for an early diagnosis of AIR. Visual function and electrophysiological tests should be included in the initial workup of patients who present with suggestive clinical signs and symptoms of AIR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Mus Public Hospital , Mus , Turkey .
authors.forename: Merih
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oray
authors.forename: Nur
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kir
authors.forename: Samuray
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tuncer
authors.forename: Sumru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Onal
authors.forename: Ilknur
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tugal-Tutkun
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004596:Electroretinography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D014792:Visual Acuity; D014794:Visual Fields