title: Femtosecond-laser micromachined optical waveguides in Bi4Ge3O12 crystals.
abstract: The optical waveguides in Bi(4)Ge(3)O(12) (BGO) crystals in both depressed-cladding and dual-line configurations have been produced using femtosecond-laser micromachining. The guiding properties and thermal stabilities of the BGO waveguides have been investigated for both geometries, showing different performance of the fabricated structures. Both depressed-cladding and dual-line waveguides support guidance along both TE and TM polarizations. Thermal annealing treatments up to 600°C reduce the propagation loss of dual-line waveguides to as low as 0.5 dB/cm, while the cladding waveguide is only stable under thermal treatment not higher than 260°C, reaching a propagation loss of 2.1 dB/cm.
authors.affiliation: School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
authors.forename: Ruiyun
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: An
authors.forename: Javier R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Vázquez de Aldana
authors.forename: Qingming
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chen