title: Parental socio-economic position during childhood as a determinant of self-harm in adolescence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Socio-economic position (SEP) during childhood and parental social mobility have been associated with subsequent health outcomes in adolescence and adulthood. This study investigates whether parental SEP during childhood is associated with subsequent self-harm in adolescence.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study uses data from a prospective birth-cohort study (the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children) which followed 14,610 births in 1991-1992 to age 16-18 years (n = 4,810). The association of parental SEP recorded pre-birth and throughout childhood with self-harm was investigated using logistic regression models, with analyses conducted separately for those reporting self-harm (a) with and (b) without suicidal intent. The impact of missing data was investigated using multiple imputation methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lower parental SEP was associated with increased risk of offspring self-harm with suicidal intent, with less consistent associations evident for self-harm without suicidal intent. Associations were somewhat stronger in relation to measures of SEP in later childhood. Depressive symptoms appeared to partially mediate the associations. Adolescents of parents reporting consistently low income levels during childhood were approximately 1.5 times more likely to engage in SH than those never to report low income.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lower SEP during childhood is associated with the subsequent risk of self-harm with suicidal intent in adolescence. This association is stronger in those experiencing consistently lower SEP.
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Herston Road, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia, a.page@uws.edu.au.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Page
authors.forename: Glyn
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: Judi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kidger
authors.forename: Jon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Heron
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chittleborough
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gunnell
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D016015:Logistic Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016728:Self-Injurious Behavior / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D012923:Social Class; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D059020:Suicidal Ideation