title: Eucapnic voluntary hyperventilation in diagnosing exercise-induced laryngeal obstructions.
abstract: Exercise-induced laryngeal obstructions (EILOs) cause exercise-related respiratory symptoms (ERRS) and are important differential diagnoses to exercise-induced asthma. The diagnostic method for EILOs includes provocation to induce the obstruction followed by a verification of the obstruction and the degree thereof. The objective of the present study was to examine if a eucapnic voluntary hyperventilation (EVH) test could induce laryngeal obstructions laryngoscopically identical in subtypes and development as seen during an exercise test. EVH and exercise testing with continuous laryngoscopy were performed during a screening of two national athletic teams (n = 67). The laryngoscopic recordings were examined for usability, abnormalities and maximal supraglottic and glottic obstruction using two currently available methods (Eilomea and CLE-score). The participants were asked questions on ERRS, and whether the symptoms experienced during each provocation matched those experienced during regular training. A total of 39 completed both tests. There were no significant differences in subtypes and development thereof, the experience of symptoms, and specificity and sensitivity between the methods. Significantly more recordings obtained during the exercise test were usable for evaluation primarily due to resilient mucus on the tip of the fiber-laryngoscope in the EVH test. Only recordings of six athletes from both provocation methods were usable for evaluation using the Eilomea method (high-quality demand). Amongst these, a linear correlation was found for the glottic obstruction. EVH tests can induce EILOs. However, the present test protocol needs adjustments to secure better visualisation of the larynx during provocation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery and Audiology, Rigshospitalet, and Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark, piller82@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Pernille M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Christensen
authors.forename: Niels
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000402:Airway Obstruction / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001250:Asthma, Exercise-Induced / Q000175:diagnosis; D056352:Athletes; D001985:Bronchial Provocation Tests; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006985:Hyperventilation / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007818:Laryngeal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007828:Laryngoscopy; D008297:Male; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires