title: Homocysteine levels and cognitive function scores measured with MMSE and BCAT of middle-aged and elderly subjects in Tianjin City.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  China is proceeding into the aging society. There are near 6 million elderly suffering senile dementia,while cognitive impairment is an important clinical feature in dementia. The factors involved in cognitive dysfunction in the middle-aged and the elderly persons were investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Community dwellers and nursing home residents in Tianjin, China.
  
  
  METHODS
  Total of 662 subjects(284 men and 378 women) aged 55-93.
  
  
  METHODS
  A designed questionnaire was used to collect their demographic data, information of disease and medication, and life style. Mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and Basic Cognitive Aptitude Tests (BCAT) software were applied to evaluate their cognitive function. Serum total homocysteine (tHcy) level was quantified by enzyme conversion method. A multiple linear stepwise regression analysis was applied to find the influencing factors of cognitive function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average serum tHcy concentrations was 15.95±7.29 μmol/L, while the prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia (HHE) was 45.4%. The average serum tHcy level and prevalence of HHE were higher in men than those in women after ruling out the age differences. The mean MMSE and BCAT scores were 26.74±2.71 and 50.26±18.84 respectively. The BCAT score was negatively correlated with age and positively correlated with education. Multiple linear stepwise regression equations showed that the P value was less than 0.001, the BCAT regression equation showed that the R2=0.453. Serum tHcy concentration was negatively correlated with total scores of BCAT, digit copy, Chinese character comparison, mental arithmetic, Chinese character rotation and recall answer of mental arithmetic test. Total scores of BCAT were negatively correlated with education, inhabitancy, serum tHcy concentration and age. In addition, Chinese character rotation was correlated with tea consumption. Remembrance and recognition of dual words and nonsense figures was correlated with income level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hyperhomocysteinemia is associated with cognitive impairment in the middle-aged and the elderly persons in Tianjin. The BCAT scores could well represent the detailed cognitive function in elderly and negatively correlate with age, but positively correlated with education level. Serum tHcy concentration was negatively correlated with total BCAT scores.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Tianjin, 300050, PR China.
authors.forename: H Y
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: C Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Y G
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002681:China; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D020138:Hyperhomocysteinemia / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007361:Intelligence Tests; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D006710:Homocysteine