title: Strontium enhances osseointegration of calcium phosphate cement: a histomorphometric pilot study in ovariectomized rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Calcium phosphate cements are used frequently in orthopedic and dental surgeries. Strontium-containing drugs serve as systemic osteoblast-activating medication in various clinical settings promoting mechanical stability of the osteoporotic bone.
  
  
  METHODS
  Strontium-containing calcium phosphate cement (SPC) and calcium phosphate cement (CPC) were compared regarding their local and systemic effects on bone tissue in a standard animal model for osteoporotic bone. A bone defect was created in the distal femoral metaphysis of 60 ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley rats. CPC and SPC were used to fill the defects in 30 rats in each group. Local effects were assessed by histomorphometry at the implant site. Systemic effects were assessed by bone mineral density (BMD) measurements at the contralateral femur and the spine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Faster osseointegration and more new bone formation were found for SPC as compared to CPC implant sites. SPC implants exhibited more cracks than CPC implants, allowing more bone formation within the implant. Contralateral femur BMD and spine BMD did not differ significantly between the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The addition of strontium to calcium phosphate stimulates bone formation in and around the implant. Systemic release of strontium from the SPC implants did not lead to sufficiently high serum strontium levels to induce significant systemic effects on bone mass in this rat model.
authors.affiliation: Division of Osteology, Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baier
authors.forename: Patric
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Staudt
authors.forename: Roman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Sommer
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wenz
authors.forename: Ingo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Grafe
authors.forename: Peter Jürgen
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Meeder
authors.forename: Peter P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Nawroth
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kasperk
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001843:Bone Cements / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000187:drug effects*; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010052:Ovariectomy; D010865:Pilot Projects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013324:Strontium / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D001843:Bone Cements; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; C020243:calcium phosphate; D013324:Strontium