title: Contributions of muscle fatigue to a neuromuscular neck injury in female ballroom dancers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the etiology of a loss-of-control neck injury in international modern (IM) dancesport dancers. A comparison to identify if dancers with neck injury have a greater decrease in median frequency in electromyography (EMG) than non-injured dancers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty female subjects (mean age 21.6 ± 3.0 yrs, height 167.1 ± 4.3 cm, weight 59.1 ± 5.2 kg, mean BMI 21.1 ± 1.2) with minimum 1-year experience in competitive IM dancesport. measurements: EMG activity from the left upper trapezius, left splenius capitius, and right sternocleidomastoid muscles before and after dancing the five IM dances. Extension, lateral flexion, and neck length were also measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference in all measurements.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although we did not find the etiology of this neck injury, this was the first research into this injury. Future research could study the different IM dances, compare different competition levels, or the amount of force placed on the neck when dancing.
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Exercise, Sport and Performance, University of Wolverhampton, WH224 Walsall Campus, Walsall WS1 3BD, UK. Teri.Riding2@wlv.ac.uk
authors.forename: Teri R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: McCabe
authors.forename: J Ty
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Hopkins
authors.forename: Pat
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vehrs
authors.forename: David O
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Draper
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003615:Dancing / Q000293:injuries* / Q000502:physiology*; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018763:Muscle Fatigue / Q000502:physiology*; D019838:Neck Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009334:Neck Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology; D011187:Posture; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult