title: How baseline, new-onset, and persistent depressive symptoms are associated with cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular mortality in incident patients on chronic dialysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Depressive symptoms are associated with mortality among patients on chronic dialysis therapy. It is currently unknown how different courses of depressive symptoms are associated with both cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular mortality.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a Dutch prospective nation-wide cohort study among incident patients on chronic dialysis, 1077 patients completed the Mental Health Inventory, both at 3 and 12months after starting dialysis. Cox regression models were used to calculate crude and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for mortality for patients with depressive symptoms at 3months only (baseline only), at 12months only (new-onset), and both at 3 and 12months (persistent), using patients without depressive symptoms at 3 and 12months as reference group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Depressive symptoms at baseline only seemed to be a strong marker for non-cardiovascular mortality (HRadj 1.91, 95% CI 1.26-2.90), whereas cardiovascular mortality was only moderately increased (HRadj 1.41, 95% CI 0.85-2.33). In contrast, new-onset depressive symptoms were moderately associated with both cardiovascular (HRadj 1.66, 95% CI 1.06-2.58) and non-cardiovascular mortality (HRadj 1.46, 95% CI 0.97-2.20). Among patients with persistent depressive symptoms, a poor survival was observed due to both cardiovascular (HRadj 2.14, 95% CI 1.42-3.24) and non-cardiovascular related mortality (HRadj 1.76, 95% CI 1.20-2.59).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed that different courses of depressive symptoms were associated with a poor survival after the start of dialysis. In particular, temporary depressive symptoms at the start of dialysis may be a strong marker for non-cardiovascular mortality, whereas persistent depressive symptoms were associated with both cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular mortality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands. dijk@lumc.nl
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: van Dijk
authors.forename: Tessa O
authors.initials: TO
authors.lastname: van den Beukel
authors.forename: Adrian A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Kaptein
authors.forename: Adriaan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Honig
authors.forename: Saskia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: le Cessie
authors.forename: Carl E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Siegert
authors.forename: Els W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Boeschoten
authors.forename: Ray T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Krediet
authors.forename: Friedo W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Dekker
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000401:mortality / Q000523:psychology*; D002423:Cause of Death; D003863:Depression / Q000401:mortality / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000401:mortality / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000401:mortality / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires