title: Personalized cytomic assessment of vascular health: Evaluation of the vascular health profile in diabetes mellitus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  An inexpensive and accurate blood test does not currently exist that can evaluate the cardiovascular health of a patient. This study evaluated a novel high dimensional flow cytometry approach in combination with cytometric fingerprinting (CF), to comprehensively enumerate differentially expressed subsets of pro-angiogenic circulating progenitor cells (CPCs), involved in the repair of vasculature, and microparticles (MPs), frequently involved in inflammation and thrombosis. CF enabled discovery of a unique pattern, involving both MPs and CPCs and generated a personalized signature of vascular health, the vascular health profile (VHP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Levels of CPCs and MPs were measured with a broad panel of cell surface markers in a population with atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and age-similar Healthy controls (HC) using an unbiased computational approach, termed CF.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Circulating hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (CHSPCAng) levels were detected at significantly lower concentrations in DM (P < 0.001), whereas levels of seven phenotypically distinct MPs were present at significantly higher concentrations in DM patients and one MP subset was present at significantly lower concentration in DM patients. Collectively, the combination of CHSPC(Ang) and MP levels was more informative than any one measure alone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This work provides the basis for a personalized cytomic vascular health profile that may be useful for a variety of applications including drug development, clinical risk assessment and companion diagnostics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kurtzman
authors.forename: Lifeng
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: French
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jonas
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bantly
authors.forename: Wade T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: Jonni S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Rickels
authors.forename: Emile R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Mohler
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D055252:Cell-Derived Microparticles / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D057285:Precision Medicine; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*