title: Impact of short term consumption of diets high in either non-starch polysaccharides or resistant starch in comparison with moderate weight loss on indices of insulin sensitivity in subjects with metabolic syndrome.
abstract: This study investigated if additional non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) or resistant starch (RS), above that currently recommended, leads to better improvement in insulin sensitivity (IS) than observed with modest weight loss (WL). Obese male volunteers (n = 14) were given an energy-maintenance (M) diet containing 27 g NSP and 5 g RS daily for one week. They then received, in a cross-over design, energy-maintenance intakes of either an NSP-enriched diet (42 g NSP, 2.5 g RS) or an RS-enriched diet (16 g NSP, 25 g RS), each for three weeks. Finally, a high protein (30% calories) WL diet was provided at 8 MJ/day for three weeks. During each dietary intervention, endogenous glucose production (EGP) and IS were assessed. Fasting glycaemia was unaltered by diet, but plasma insulin and C-peptide both decreased with the WL diet (p < 0.001), as did EGP (-11%, p = 0.006). Homeostatis model assessment of insulin resistance improved following both WL (p < 0.001) and RS (p < 0.05) diets. Peripheral tissue IS improved only with WL (57%-83%, p < 0.005). Inclusion of additional RS or NSP above amounts currently recommended resulted in little or no improvement in glycaemic control, whereas moderate WL (approximately 3 kg fat) improved IS.
authors.affiliation: Obesity and Metabolic Health Division, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB21 9SB, UK. g.lobley@abdn.ac.uk
authors.forename: Gerald E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Lobley
authors.forename: Grietje
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Holtrop
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Bremner
authors.forename: A Graham
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Calder
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Milne
authors.forename: Alexandra M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Johnstone
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000097:blood; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004038:Diet, Reducing / Q000379:methods; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002149:Energy Intake; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005215:Fasting; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D007930:Leucine / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000178:diet therapy*; D008954:Models, Biological; D009765:Obesity / Q000178:diet therapy; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013213:Starch / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002096:C-Peptide; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D007328:Insulin; D011134:Polysaccharides; D013213:Starch; D007930:Leucine