title: Economic analyses of the Be Fit Be Well program: a weight loss program for community health centers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force has released new guidelines on obesity, urging primary care physicians to provide obese patients with intensive, multi-component behavioral interventions. However, there are few studies of weight loss in real world nonacademic primary care, and even fewer in largely racial/ethnic minority, low-income samples.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the recruitment, intervention and replications costs of a 2-year, moderate intensity weight loss and blood pressure control intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  A comprehensive cost analysis was conducted, associated with a weight loss and hypertension management program delivered in three community health centers as part of a pragmatic randomized trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hundred and sixty-five high risk, low-income, inner city, minority (71 % were Black/African American and 13 % were Hispanic) patients who were both hypertensive and obese.
  
  
  METHODS
  Measures included total recruitment costs and intervention costs, cost per participant, and incremental costs per unit reduction in weight and blood pressure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Recruitment and intervention costs were estimated $2,359 per participant for the 2-year program. Compared to the control intervention, the cost per additional kilogram lost was $2,204 /kg, and for blood pressure, $621 /mmHg. Sensitivity analyses suggest that if the program was offered to a larger sample and minor modifications were made, the cost per participant could be reduced to the levels of many commercially available products.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The costs associated with the Be Fit Be Well program were found to be significantly more expensive than many commercially available products, and much higher than the amount that the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid reimburse physicians for obesity counseling. However, given the serious and costly health consequences associated with obesity in high risk, multimorbid and socioeconomically disadvantaged patients, the resources needed to provide interventions like those described here may still prove to be cost-effective with respect to producing long-term behavior change.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, P.O. Box 378066, Denver, CO, 80237-8066, USA, Debra.Ritzwoller@kp.org.
authors.forename: Debra P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Ritzwoller
authors.forename: Russell E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Glasgow
authors.forename: Anna Y
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Sukhanova
authors.forename: Gary G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.forename: Erica T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Warner
authors.forename: Mary L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Greaney
authors.forename: Sandy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Askew
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Goldman
authors.forename: Karen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Emmons
authors.forename: Graham A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Colditz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003151:Community Health Centers / Q000191:economics*; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000191:economics / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000191:economics* / Q000628:therapy*; D018579:Patient Selection; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000502:physiology; D061217:Weight Reduction Programs / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods