title: An association between gestational diabetes mellitus and long-term maternal cardiovascular morbidity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether a diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a risk factor for subsequent long-term cardiovascular morbidity.
  
  
  METHODS
  A population-based study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Soroka University Medical Center, a tertiary centre in the southern region of Israel.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort of women with and without a diagnosis of GDM who delivered during the years 1988-1999 with a follow-up period until 2010.
  
  
  METHODS
  A comparison of the incidence of cardiovascular morbidity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 47 909 deliveries that met the inclusion criteria, 4928 (10.3%) occurred in patients who were diagnosed with GDM. During a follow-up period of more than 10 years, compared with women who gave birth at the same time period, after adjustment for age and ethnicity, patients with GDM had higher rates of cardiovascular morbidity including non-invasive cardiac diagnostic procedures (OR=1.8; 95% CI 1.4 to 2.2), simple cardiovascular events (OR=2.7; 95% CI 2.4 to 3.1) and total cardiovascular hospitalisations (OR=2.3; 95% CI 2.0 to 2.5). In a Cox proportional hazards model, adjusted for comorbidities such as pre-eclampsia and obesity, GDM was independently associated with cardiovascular hospitalisations (adjusted HR 2.6, 95% CI 2.3 to 3).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GDM is an independent risk factor for long-term cardiovascular morbidity in a follow-up period of more than a decade.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soroka University Medical Center, POB 151, Beer Sheva 84101, Israel. kessousr@bgu.ac.il
authors.forename: Roy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kessous
authors.forename: Ilana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Shoham-Vardi
authors.forename: Gali
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pariente
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sherf
authors.forename: Eyal
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sheiner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018912:Arabs; D001724:Birth Weight; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology; D003935:Diagnostic Techniques, Cardiovascular; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007557:Israel / Q000453:epidemiology; D007585:Jews; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D009765:Obesity / Q000208:ethnology; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000208:ethnology; D011247:Pregnancy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013995:Time