title: Validity and reliability of radiological methods to assess proximal hip geometry in children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this systematic review was to assess the current validity and reliability of radiological methods used to measure proximal hip geometry in children with cerebral palsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A search was conducted using relevant keywords and inclusion/exclusion criteria of the MEDLINE, CINALH Plus, Embase, Web of Science, Academic Search Premier, The Cochrane Library, and PsychINFO databases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The migration percentage using X-rays showed excellent reliability and concurrent validity with three-dimensional (3D) measurements from computed tomography (CT) scans. The acetabular index, measured using X-rays had good reliability but moderate concurrent validity with 3D CT measurements; 3D CT scan indexes had greater reliability. The measurement of the neck shaft angle using X-rays showed excellent concurrent validity with measurements from 3D CT scans and excellent reliability. Regarding femoral anteversion, one study found an excellent correlation between two-dimensional CT and clinical assessment and excellent reliability. Two others showed less evidence for the use of CT ultrasounds.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most of the X-ray-based measurements showed good to excellent metrological properties. More metrological evidence is needed for the assessment of femoral anteversion. Magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound-based measurements have great potential although very little metrological evidence is available.
authors.affiliation: Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, University Hospital of Brest, Brest.
authors.forename: Christelle
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pons
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Rémy-Néris
authors.forename: Béatrice
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Médée
authors.forename: Sylvain
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brochard
mesh_terms: D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000473:pathology*; D002648:Child; D016208:Databases, Factual / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006615:Hip / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D025981:Hip Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed