title: An analysis of the suitability of public spaces to physical activity practice in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the physical characteristics of public spaces designed for sport/physical activity/leisure in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and their relationship to the socioeconomic indicators.
  
  
  METHODS
  Public spaces (n = 38) spread across the city were evaluated between December 2011 and January 2012 using the Physical Activity Resource Assessment (PARA) instrument. Based on PARA results, a Quality Indicator (QI) was prepared and the sample was grouped into "High QI" and "Low QI" using a k-means clustering algorithm. The association between QI and the local Social Development Index (SDI) was tested using a Chi-square test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average QI was 13.6 ± 4.91 and the median was equal to 13 points. The High QI group, composed of sites with a QI above median, reached 17.9 ± 2.35 points, while the Low QI group reached 9.3 ± 2.16 points. Pearson's Chi-square tests identified a significant association between QI and SDI when the value of SDI 0.7 was used as a criterion for separation (χ(2) = 17.84, p < 0.001). In neighborhoods with lower levels of SDI, public spaces usually had a lower QI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Policies to encourage physical activity need to focus attention on the built environment also, particularly in socially vulnerable areas.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Saneamento e Saúde Ambiental, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Leopoldo Bulhões 1480, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21041-210, Brazil. vieiramc@yahoo.com.br
authors.forename: Marcelo Carvalho
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.forename: Sandro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sperandei
authors.forename: Arianne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.forename: Cláudia Gonçalves Thaumaturgo
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: da Silva
mesh_terms: D001938:Brazil; D004779:Environment Design; D015444:Exercise; D006801:Humans; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
keywords: Environment; Leisure activities; Public health; Sedentary lifestyle; Socioeconomic factors