title: The changing character of household waste in the Czech Republic between 1999 and 2009 as a function of home heating methods.
abstract: The authors of this paper report on the changing character of household waste, in the Czech Republic between 1999 and 2009 in households differentiated by their heating methods. The data presented are the result of two projects, financed by the Czech Ministry of Environment, which were undertaken during this time period with the aim of focusing on the waste characterisation and complete analysis of the physicochemical properties of the household waste. In the Czech Republic, the composition of household waste varies significantly between different types of households based on the methods of home heating employed. For the purposes of these studies, the types of homes were divided into three categories - urban, mixed and rural. Some of the biggest differences were found in the quantities of certain subsample categories, especially fine residue (matter smaller than 20 mm), between urban households with central heating and rural households that primarily employ solid fuel such coal or wood. The use of these solid fuels increases the fraction of the finer categories because of the higher presence of ash. Heating values of the residual household waste from the three categories varied very significantly, ranging from 6.8 MJ/kg to 14.2 MJ/kg in 1999 and from 6.8 MJ/kg to 10.5 MJ/kg in 2009 depending on the type of household and season. The same factors affect moisture of residual household waste which varied from 23.2% to 33.3%. The chemical parameters also varied significantly, especially in the quantities of Tl, As, Cr, Zn, Fe and Mn, which were higher in rural households. Because knowledge about the properties of household waste, as well as its physicochemical characteristics, is very important not only for future waste management, but also for the prediction of the behaviour and influence of the waste on the environment as the country continues to streamline its legislation to the European Union's solid waste mandates, the results of these studies were employed by the Czech Ministry of Environment to optimise the national waste management strategy.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Benatska 2, 128 01 Prague 2, Czech Republic. mdolezalova@email.cz
authors.forename: Markéta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Doležalová
authors.forename: Libuše
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Benešová
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Závodská
mesh_terms: D003031:Coal; D018153:Czech Republic; D005062:European Union; D005191:Family Characteristics; D006361:Heating / Q000379:methods*; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis; D010209:Paper; D010969:Plastics; D012424:Rural Population; D012621:Seasons; D062611:Solid Waste / Q000032:analysis*; D014505:Urban Population; D018505:Waste Management / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003031:Coal; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D010969:Plastics; D062611:Solid Waste
keywords: Household waste; Municipal solid waste; Physicochemical analysis; Sieve analysis; Waste characterisation; Waste sampling