title: Effect of guidance during cardiac catheterization on emotional, cognitive and behavioral outcomes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) may be perceived as a frightening experience. Some psychological factors are known correlates of recovery and rehabilitation of cardiac patients. Our objective was to investigate the emotional, cognitive and behavioral effects of patient guidance during their cardiac catheterization.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a randomized trial comparing a patient group that was instructed while watching the monitor screen during their PCI (study group) and another group that was not (controls). Replies to questionnaires measuring emotional, cognitive and behavioral variables known to be associated with cardiac patients' health status, rehabilitation and quality of life were collected 1 day and 1 month after the procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study group included 57 patients and the control group included 51 patients. Most patients (∼87%) were men at the mean age of 60. They were well matched for reasons for referral to PCI. The study group reported less pain, a more positive affect, greater self-efficacy and stronger intentions to change health-related behaviors than the control group. At 1 month following the procedure, the study group evaluated their general health as significantly better, and reported a less negative affect, less cardiac anxiety, greater functional self-efficacy and more positive outcome expectancies regarding diet, and quitting smoking than the controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A simple adjustment in the standard PCI protocol can become a highly beneficial psychological intervention for enhancing patient outcomes.
authors.affiliation: aThe Gordon Faculty of Social Sciences, School of Psychological Sciences bDepartment of Cardiology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel *Shoshana Shiloh and Arie Steinvil contributed equally to this work.
authors.forename: Shoshana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shiloh
authors.forename: Arie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Steinvil
authors.forename: Erga
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Drori
authors.forename: Shira
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Peleg
authors.forename: Yigal
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Abramowitz
authors.forename: Shmuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Banai
authors.forename: Ariel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Finkelstein
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D001294:Attitude to Health; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology*; D003071:Cognition; D016287:Computer Peripherals; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life; D020377:Self Efficacy; D016896:Treatment Outcome