title: Comparison of mineral trioxide aggregate and diluted formocresol in pulpotomized human primary molars: 42-month follow-up and survival analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that there is no significant difference in the clinical and radiographic outcomes of diluted formocresol (DFC) compared to gray mineral trioxide aggregate (GMTA) pulpotomy in human primary molars.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 152 children with 252 primary molars met selection criteria. Of those, 119 and 133 teeth were randomly assigned to the GMTA and DFC groups, respectively. Periapical radiographs, taken pre- and/or postoperatively and at each 6-month follow-up, were digitized and evaluated by three blinded and calibrated examiners.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over a 42-month period, a total of 865 clinical and radiographic evaluations were conducted. There was no significant difference in clinical success, with the cumulative proportion of GMTA-treated teeth surviving at 0.98 vs DFC-treated teeth at 0.95 (P>.05). Radiographic success, however, was significantly greater for GMTA vs DFC, with the cumulative proportion of GMTA-treated teeth surviving at 0.90 vs DFC-treated teeth at 0.47 (P<.001). Overall, DFC-treated teeth were 5.1 times more likely to fail than GMTA-treated teeth. Radiographic pathologies were observed more frequently in the DFC-treated teeth (P<.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gray mineral trioxide aggregate can be considered an acceptable replacement for diluted formocresol when used as a medicament for primary molar pulpotomies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich., USA.
authors.forename: Sarah E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Mettlach
authors.forename: Cameron M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Zealand
authors.forename: Tatiana M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Botero
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Boynton
authors.forename: Robert F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Majewski
authors.forename: Jan ChingChun
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005566:Formocresols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008963:Molar / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D010087:Oxides / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011672:Pulpotomy / Q000379:methods*; D011859:Radiography; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017640:Silicates / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014094:Tooth, Deciduous / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005566:Formocresols; D010087:Oxides; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D017640:Silicates; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate