title: Monitoring salt and iodine intakes in Dutch adults between 2006 and 2010 using 24 h urinary sodium and iodine excretions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To monitor the effectiveness of salt-reduction initiatives in processed foods and changes in Dutch iodine policy on Na and iodine intakes in Dutch adults between 2006 and 2010.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two cross-sectional studies among adults, conducted in 2006 and 2010, using identical protocols. Participants collected single 24 h urine samples and completed two short questionnaires on food consumption and urine collection procedures. Daily intakes of salt, iodine, K and Na:K were estimated, based on the analysis of Na, K and iodine excreted in urine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Doetinchem, the Netherlands.
  
  
  METHODS
  Men and women aged 19 to 70 years were recruited through random sampling of the Doetinchem population and among participants of the Doetinchem Cohort Study (2006: n 317, mean age 48·9 years, 43 % men; 2010: n 342, mean age 46·2 years, 45 % men).
  
  
  RESULTS
  While median iodine intake was lower in 2010 (179 μg/d) compared with 2006 (257 μg/d; P < 0·0001), no difference in median salt intake was observed (8·7 g/d in 2006 v. 8·5 g/d in 2010, P = 0·70). In 2006, median K intake was 2·6 g/d v. 2·8 g/d in 2010 (P < 0·01). In this 4-year period, median Na:K improved from 2·4 in 2006 to 2·2 in 2010 (P < 0·001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite initiatives to lower salt in processed foods, dietary salt intake in this population remains well above the recommended intake of 6 g/d. Iodine intake is still adequate, although a decline was observed between 2006 and 2010. This reduction is probably due to changes in iodine policy.
authors.affiliation: 1National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM),PO Box 1,3720 BA Bilthoven,The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marieke A H
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hendriksen
authors.affiliation: 1National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM),PO Box 1,3720 BA Bilthoven,The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Joop M A
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: van Raaij
authors.affiliation: 2Division of Human Nutrition,Wageningen University,Wageningen,The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Johanna M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Geleijnse
authors.affiliation: 1National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM),PO Box 1,3720 BA Bilthoven,The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wilson-van den Hooven
authors.affiliation: 1National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM),PO Box 1,3720 BA Bilthoven,The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marga C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Ocké
authors.affiliation: 1National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM),PO Box 1,3720 BA Bilthoven,The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Daphne L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: van der A
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007455:Iodine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands; D018673:Nutrition Policy; D009752:Nutritional Status; D011188:Potassium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000652:urine; D012964:Sodium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000652:urine; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000652:urine; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary; D007455:Iodine; D012964:Sodium; D011188:Potassium