title: Improving emergency department time to provider, left-without-treatment rates, and average length of stay.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Emergency Department (ED) overcrowding and ensuing concern about patients who leave without treatment have become a mounting national concern. In addition, the Centers for Medicaid and Medicare Services released regulatory standards for EDs requiring reporting of time from initial triage to decision to admit, as well as actual time of admission.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To implement an improved ED patient flow process.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a comparative, pre- and post-intervention ED redesign study evaluating three primary end points between two similar, seasonal time periods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Despite an 11% increase in daily patient volume in 2010, analysis of time to provider pre-ED redesign and post-ED redesign implementation revealed a mean of 126.7 min in 2009 (SD 37.03) vs. a mean of 26.3 min in 2010 (SD 1.17). The p-value was significant at <0.001. Overall ED average length of stay (ALOS) in 2009 was 5.5 h (SD 0.68) and 3.6 h (SD 1.16) in 2010, reflecting a mean reduction in ALOS of 1.9 h. The p-value was significant at <0.01. The proportion of patients who left without treatment (LWOT) also decreased. The proportion of LWOTs during the 2009 study period was 8.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] 6.14-11.26%), compared to 0.2% (95% CI 0.14-0.36%; p < 0.005) in the 2010 study period. Although the overall ED-visit Press Ganey patient-satisfaction scores improved during the 2010 study period, the results were not statistically significant (p < 0.1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study demonstrated that a tailored ED redesign process can dramatically decrease the time to provider, ALOS, and LWOT rates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Scripps Health, 4275 Campus Point Court, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
authors.forename: Ghazala Q
authors.initials: GQ
authors.lastname: Sharieff
authors.forename: Lori
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Burnell
authors.forename: Matt
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cantonis
authors.forename: Valerie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Norton
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tovar
authors.forename: Kimberlee
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: Cynthia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: VanWyk
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Saucier
authors.forename: Jamie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Russe
mesh_terms: D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010343:Patient Admission / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010865:Pilot Projects; D017064:Process Assessment, Health Care; D058996:Quality Improvement; D013997:Time Factors; D013996:Time and Motion Studies; D061665:Time-to-Treatment / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016312:Treatment Refusal / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014218:Triage / Q000592:standards
keywords: ED time to provider; LWOT; average length of stay; left without treatment