title: Characterization of Salmonella isolated from captive and free-living snakes in Germany.
abstract: Reptiles are well-known reservoirs of Salmonella spp. and cases of reptile-associated salmonellosis (RAS) are increasing since reptiles are becoming more popular as pets. In the present study, the presence, distribution and prevalence of serovars of Salmonella was investigated in captive snakes (n = 87) and in free-living snakes (n = 87) in Germany. A total of 43 S. enterica-isolates were recovered from organ samples and cloacal swabs, predominantly belonging to the subspecies diarizonae (IIIb) (n = 27), enterica (I) (n = 7) and houtenae (IV) (n = 6). S. enterica subsp. enterica (I) serovar Paratyphi B (n = 4) and S. enterica subsp. diarizonae (IIIb) serovar 47:l,v:z (n = 3) were the most frequently isolated serotypes. Nevertheless, the fact that most serotypes were only represented by a single isolate points out the high diversity of Salmonella present among snakes. Salmonella enterica subsp. diarizonae (IIIb) serotype 40:i:z53, which was isolated twice from two free-living Eurasian adders (Vipera berus) captured at different locations, has not been previously described. Our results confirm the role of both free-living and captive snakes as reservoirs of S. enterica in Germany.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Vögel und Reptilien der Universität Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Maria-Elisabeth
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Krautwald-Junghanns
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stenkat
authors.forename: Istvan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Szabo
authors.forename: Falk
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ortlieb
authors.forename: Irmgard
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Blindow
authors.forename: Ann-Kathrin
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Neul
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pees
authors.forename: Volker
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Schmidt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000829:Animals, Domestic; D000835:Animals, Wild; D002988:Cloaca / Q000382:microbiology; D004197:Disease Reservoirs; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012475:Salmonella / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D065288:Serogroup; D012703:Serotyping / Q000662:veterinary; D012911:Snakes