title: Endurance training improves insulin sensitivity and body composition in prostate cancer patients treated with androgen deprivation therapy.
abstract: Insulin resistance and changes in body composition are side effects of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) given to prostate cancer patients. The present study investigated whether endurance training improves insulin sensitivity and body composition in ADT-treated prostate cancer patients. Nine men undergoing ADT for prostate cancer and ten healthy men with normal testosterone levels underwent 12 weeks of endurance training. Primary endpoints were insulin sensitivity (euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamps with concomitant glucose-tracer infusion) and body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and magnetic resonance imaging). The secondary endpoint was systemic inflammation. Statistical analysis was carried out using two-way ANOVA. Endurance training increased VO2max (ml(O2)/min per kg) by 11 and 13% in the patients and controls respectively (P<0.0001). The patients and controls demonstrated an increase in peripheral tissue insulin sensitivity of 14 and 11% respectively (P<0.05), with no effect on hepatic insulin sensitivity (P=0.32). Muscle protein content of GLUT4 (SLC2A4) and total AKT (AKT1) was also increased in response to the training (P<0.05 and P<0.01 respectively). Body weight (P<0.0001) and whole-body fat mass (FM) (P<0.01) were reduced, while lean body mass (P=0.99) was unchanged. Additionally, reductions were observed in abdominal (P<0.01), subcutaneous (P<0.05), and visceral (P<0.01) FM amounts. The concentrations of plasma markers of systemic inflammation were unchanged in response to the training. No group × time interactions were observed, except for thigh intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) (P=0.01), reflecting a significant reduction in the amount of IMAT in the controls (P<0.05) not observed in the patients (P=0.64). In response to endurance training, ADT-treated prostate cancer patients exhibited improved insulin sensitivity and body composition to a similar degree as eugonadal men.
authors.affiliation: The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism, Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark. thvid@inflammationmetabolism.dk
authors.forename: Thine
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hvid
authors.forename: Kamilla
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Winding
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rinnov
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dejgaard
authors.forename: Carsten
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Thomsen
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Iversen
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Brasso
authors.forename: Kari J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Mikines
authors.forename: Gerrit
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: van Hall
authors.forename: Birgitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lindegaard
authors.forename: Thomas P J
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Solomon
authors.forename: Bente K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Pedersen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001823:Body Composition; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000819:agonists*; D017273:Goserelin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010807:Physical Endurance; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D017273:Goserelin; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D013739:Testosterone
keywords: androgen deprivation therapy; endurance training; insulin sensitivity and body composition; prostate cancer