title: Novel high-temperature and pressure-compatible ultrasonic levitator apparatus coupled to Raman and Fourier transform infrared spectrometers.
abstract: We describe an original apparatus comprising of an acoustic levitator enclosed within a pressure-compatible process chamber. To characterize any chemical and physical modifications of the levitated particle, the chamber is interfaced to complimentary, high-sensitivity Raman (4390-170 cm(-1)), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) (10,000-500 cm(-1)) spectroscopic probes. The temperature of the levitated particle can be accurately controlled by heating using a carbon dioxide laser emitting at 10.6 μm. The advantages of levitating a small particle combined with the two spectroscopic probes, process chamber, and infrared laser heating makes novel experiments possible relevant to the fields of, for example, planetary science, astrobiology, and combustion chemistry. We demonstrate that this apparatus is well suited to study the dehydration of a variety of particles including minerals and biological samples; and offers the possibility of investigating combustion processes involving micrometer-sized particles such as graphite. Furthermore, we show that the FTIR spectrometer enables the study of chemical reactions on the surfaces of porous samples and scientifically and technologically relevant, micrometer-thick levitated sheets. The FTIR spectrometer can also be used to investigate non-resonant and resonant scattering from small, irregularly-shaped particles across the mid-infrared range from 2.5 μm to 25 μm, which is relevant to scattering from interplanetary dust and biological, micrometer-sized samples but cannot be accurately modelled using Mie theory.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA.
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Brotton
authors.forename: Ralf I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Kaiser
mesh_terms: D003545:Cysteine / Q000737:chemistry; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry; D020959:Polyethylene / Q000737:chemistry; D011312:Pressure; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013431:Sulfates / Q000737:chemistry; D013696:Temperature; D014465:Ultrasonics / Q000295:instrumentation*
chemical_list: D013431:Sulfates; D006108:Graphite; D020959:Polyethylene; D003545:Cysteine