title: Oral Candida spp carriers: its prevalence in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prevalence of oral candidiasis in diabetic patients is 13.7-64%. Candida albicans was the most frequently isolated species (75-86.5%).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To obtain the prevalence of Candida carriers among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus to identify the species of the yeast.
  
  
  METHODS
  It is an open, observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, and prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  We included voluntary patients from the National Diabetes Marathon and performed a blood glucose measurement, sialometry test, Gram-stained exfoliative cytology, and culture on Sabouraud dextrose agar and CHROMagar Candida TM. Results were analyzed using descriptive statistics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We examined 141 patients (mean age 57 years): 103 women (73%) and 38 men (26.9%). Exfoliative cytology was positive in 32 cases (23 with oral lesions); 78 had oral lesions but no Candida (93.9%). Candida was isolated in 58 patients (41.1%), 21 (45.6 %) had blood glucose greater than 126 mg/dl, and 37 (38.9%) had less than 126 mg/dl. The most frequent species was C. albicans (82.7%). Forty-two Candida carriers had salivary flow greater than 20 mm (72.4%), and 16 (27.5%) had hyposalivation. Candida was isolated in 25 of 79 patients with dental prosthesis (31.6%), 9 of 15 were smokers (60%), and 22 of 71 had symptoms (30.9%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prevalence of oral Candida carriers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Mexico was similar to that found in other countries; exfoliative cytology was effective in finding Candida; salivary flow rate, use of prosthesis, and presence of oral lesions and symptoms were similar in oral Candida carriers and negative patients. Most smokers were Candida carriers.
authors.affiliation: Mycology Section, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez, Delegación Tlalpan, Mexico. ramfer2@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Ramon Felipe Fernandez
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.forename: Alejandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jaimes-Aveldañez
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hernández-Pérez
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Arenas
authors.forename: Guadalupe Fabián-San
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Miguel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002175:Candida / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002180:Candidiasis, Oral / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D002353:Carrier State / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009055:Mouth / Q000382:microbiology; D012472:Salivation