title: [Protective effect of grape seed proanthocyanidin on spermatogenesis following testicular torsion/detorsion in mice].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the protective effect of grape seed proanthocyanidin (GSP) on spermatogenesis following testicular torsion/detorsion in mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four healthy male Kunming mice, aged 8 weeks and weighing 25 - 27 g, were randomly divided into a control, a torsion and a treatment group, each containing 8 animals. The unilateral testicular torsion/detorsion model was established in the treatment and torsion groups. Thirty minutes before detorsion, the animals of the treatment group were injected intraperitoneally with 50 mg/kg GSP, and those of the torsion group with normal saline at the same dose, both for 3 days postoperatively. On the 4th day after surgery, ipsilateral orchiectomy were performed to detect histopathological changes, the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and the apoptotic index (AI) of germ cells in all the mice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the torsion group, the treated mice showed significantly increased Johnsen score (5.00 +/- 1.85 vs 7.38 +/- 0.92, P < 0.05), seminiferous tubule diameter ([176.50 +/- 1.60]microm vs [178.75 +/- 1.58] microm, P > 0.05), spermatogenic cell layers (3.75 +/- 1.03 vs 5.75 +/- 0.71, P < 0.05) and SOD activity ([29.04 +/- 4.46] U/mg prot vs [52.67 +/- 3.57] U/mg prot, P < 0.05), but remarkably reduced level of MDA ([4.63 +/- 0.05] nmol/mg prot vs [2.91 +/- 0.04] nmol/mg prot, P < 0.05) and AI of germ cells ([40.50 +/- 1.60]% vs [16.25 +/- 1.67] %, P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Grape seed proanthocyanidin has a protective effect against spermatogenic injury in mice, the mechanisms of which may be related to its actions of scavenging oxygen free radicals, inhibiting lipid peroxidation and improving the antioxidant ability of the body.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China. shangree@126.com
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shang
authors.forename: Xin-Min
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Zhi-Ping
authors.initials: ZP
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xue-Jiao
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D056604:Grape Seed Extract / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013086:Spermatic Cord Torsion / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D013091:Spermatogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D027843:Vitis
chemical_list: D056604:Grape Seed Extract; C511402:Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins; D044945:Proanthocyanidins; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase