title: Serum resistin, cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  High serum resistin has been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease in the general population, Only sparse and conflicting results, limited to Asian individuals, have been reported, so far, in type 2 diabetes. We studied the role of serum resistin on coronary artery disease, major cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We tested the association of circulating resistin concentrations with coronary artery disease, major cardiovascular events (cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction and non-fatal stroke) and all-cause mortality in 2,313 diabetic patients of European ancestry from two cross-sectional and two prospective studies. In addition, the expression of resistin gene (RETN) was measured in blood cells of 68 diabetic patients and correlated with their serum resistin levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In a model comprising age, sex, smoking habits, BMI, HbA1c, and insulin, antihypertensive and antidyslipidemic therapies, serum resistin was associated with coronary artery disease in both cross-sectional studies: OR (95%CI) per SD increment = 1.35 (1.10-1.64) and 1.99 (1.55-2.55). Additionally, serum resistin predicted incident major cardiovascular events (HR per SD increment = 1.31; 1.10-1.56) and all-cause mortality (HR per SD increment = 1.16; 1.06-1.26). Adjusting also for fibrinogen levels affected the association with coronary artery disease and incident cardiovascular events, but not that with all cause-mortality. Finally, serum resistin was positively correlated with RETN mRNA expression (rho = 0.343).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first study showing that high serum resistin (a likely consequence, at least partly, of increased RETN expression) is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in diabetic patients of European ancestry.
authors.affiliation: Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy. c.menzaghi@operapadrepio.it
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Menzaghi
authors.forename: Simonetta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bacci
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Salvemini
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mendonca
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Palladino
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fontana
authors.forename: Concetta
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: De Bonis
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marucci
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Goheen
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Prudente
authors.forename: Eleonora
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Morini
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rizza
authors.forename: Alyssa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kanagaki
authors.forename: Grazia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fini
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mangiacotti
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Federici
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: De Cosmo
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pellegrini
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Doria
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Trischitta
mesh_terms: D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality*; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D052243:Resistin / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D052243:Resistin