title: Release and systemic accumulation of heavy metals from preformed crowns used in restoration of primary teeth.
abstract: Preformed crowns for restoration of primary teeth are used in various treatments and are essential for restoring the crowns of primary molars. However, there are concerns that mechanical, chemical, and thermal stimulation may cause release of components of such crowns. We examined systemic accumulation of heavy metals associated with preformed crowns (3M Stainless Steel Primary Molar Crowns) used in primary tooth restoration. The participants were 37 children who had visited the Pediatric Dental Clinic of Tsurumi University Dental Hospital. They were divided into two groups: 22 participants without a history of being fitted with a preformed crown for primary tooth restoration (controls), and 15 participants with preformed crowns for primary tooth restoration. Analysis of hair samples showed a significant difference in the level of the trace element Cr - an important component of the preformed crowns - between children with and without preformed crowns, but no significant differences in Fe or Ni levels. Levels of the trace elements Ni, Cr, and Fe were within allowable ranges, indicating that these minerals were not likely to be harmful.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan. kodaira-h@tsurumi-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hiroe
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kodaira
authors.forename: Kohachiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohno
authors.forename: Naoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fukase
authors.forename: Midori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuroda
authors.forename: Shiki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Adachi
authors.forename: Motohiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kikuchi
authors.forename: Yoshinobu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Asada
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002857:Chromium / Q000032:analysis; D003442:Crowns; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D006197:Hair / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000032:analysis; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000737:chemistry*; D009532:Nickel / Q000032:analysis; D013193:Stainless Steel / Q000737:chemistry; D014094:Tooth, Deciduous / Q000473:pathology*; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000032:analysis; D014639:Vanadium / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D003722:Dental Alloys; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D014131:Trace Elements; D014639:Vanadium; D002857:Chromium; D013193:Stainless Steel; D009532:Nickel; D007501:Iron