title: The potential of 1018 ISS adjuvant in hepatitis B vaccines: HEPLISAV™ review.
abstract: Hepatitis B (HBV) virus infects the liver, and upon chronic infection, can cause liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Despite universal vaccination programs against the virus, HBV still affects over 2 billion people worldwide, with over 240 million developing a chronic infection. While current alum-adjuvanted vaccines have shown efficacy in promoting seroprotection in healthy adults, 5-10% of immune-competent populations fail to achieve long-lasting seroprotection from these formulations. Furthermore, a large proportion of immunocompromised patients fail to achieve seroprotective antibody titers after receiving these vaccines. A novel vaccine candidate, HEPLISAV™, uses immunostimulatory sequences (ISS), in its formulation that helps induce a robust humoral and cell mediated immunity against HBV. In Phase III clinical trials, HEPLISAV™ has been shown to elicit seroprotective antibody titers with fewer immunizations. Similar safety profiles are demonstrated when compared with current HBV vaccines. For these reasons, HEPLISAV™ is an attractive vaccine to combat this global disease.
authors.affiliation: Advanced Medical Research Institute of Canada; Sudbury, ON Canada.
authors.forename: Nelson F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Eng
authors.forename: Nitin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bhardwaj
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mulligan
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Diaz-Mitoma
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D017326:Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies / Q000097:blood*; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; C489630:1018 oligonucleotide
keywords: 1018 ISS; adjuvants; alum; hepatitis B; immune responses; immunostimulatory sequences; seroprotection; vaccine