title: Mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and differentiation on load-bearing trabecular Nitinol scaffolds.
abstract: Bone tissue regeneration in load-bearing regions of the body requires high-strength porous scaffolds capable of supporting angiogenesis and osteogenesis. 70% porous Nitinol (NiTi) scaffolds with a regular 3-D architecture resembling trabecular bone were produced from Ni foams using an original reactive vapor infiltration technique. The "trabecular Nitinol" scaffolds possessed a high compressive strength of 79 MPa and high permeability of 6.9×10(-6) cm2. The scaffolds were further modified to produce a near Ni-free surface layer and evaluated in terms of Ni ion release and human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) proliferation (AlamarBlue), differentiation (alkaline phosphatase activity, ALP) and mineralization (Alizarin Red S staining). Scanning electron microscopy was employed to qualitatively corroborate the results. hMSCs were able to adhere and proliferate on both as-produced and surface-modified trabecular NiTi scaffolds, to acquire an osteoblastic phenotype and produce a mineralized extracellular matrix. Both ALP activity and mineralization were increased on porous scaffolds compared to control polystyrene plates. Experiments in a model coculture system of microvascular endothelial cells and hMSCs demonstrated the formation of prevascular structures in trabecular NiTi scaffolds. These data suggest that load-bearing trabecular Nitinol scaffolds could be effective in regenerating damaged or lost bone tissue.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel. gotman@tx.technion.ac.il
authors.forename: Irena
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gotman
authors.forename: Dror
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ben-David
authors.forename: Ronald E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Unger
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Böse
authors.forename: Elazar Y
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Gutmanas
authors.forename: C James
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Kirkpatrick
mesh_terms: D000497:Alloys / Q000737:chemistry*; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D048091:Guided Tissue Regeneration / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D013499:Surface Properties; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; D018786:Bone Substitutes; C013616:nitinol
keywords: 3-D scaffolds; Endothelial cells; Load bearing; Mesenchymal stem cells; Trabecular Nitinol