title: Immunomodulatory effects of nanocurcumin in arsenic-exposed rats.
abstract: We evaluated whether the nanoformulation of curcumin could be more effective than free curcumin against arsenic-induced immune dysfunction in rats. Curcumin was encapsulated in polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA). Nanocurcumin (CUR-NP) exhibited a spherical shape with the mean particle size of 130.8 nm. Rats were randomly divided into five groups of six each. Group I was kept as the control. In Group II, rats were exposed to sodium arsenite (25 ppm) daily through drinking water for 42 days. Groups III, IV and V were treated with arsenic as in Group II, however, they were administered with nanoparticle, curcumin (100 mg/kg bw) and CUR-NP (100 mg/kg bw), respectively, by oral gavage during the last 14 days of arsenic exposure. At term, serum and spleen were collected. Immune dysfunction was evaluated by assessing cellular and humoral immunities. Arsenic significantly decreased the splenic lymphocyte proliferation in response to the antigen -- Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin (KLH) and mitogen -- concanavalin-A. Arsenic reduced both the delayed type hypersensitivity response and secondary antibody (IgG) response to KLH. It also reduced the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated nitric oxide production in splenic lymphocytes. Free curcumin and CUR-NP treatment significantly attenuated these arsenic-mediated effects. However, the magnitude of the effects indicates that CUR-NP has better ameliorative potential than free curcumin at the equivalent dose level.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India. drpsankarster@gmail.com
authors.forename: Palanisamy
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sankar
authors.forename: Avinash Gopal
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Telang
authors.forename: Subramaniyam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suresh
authors.forename: Manickam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kesavan
authors.forename: Kandasamy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kannan
authors.forename: Ramya
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kalaivanan
authors.forename: Souvendra Nath
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Sarkar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001151:Arsenic / Q000633:toxicity*; D003474:Curcumin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D009573:Nitrites; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D009573:Nitrites; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019344:Lactic Acid; D003474:Curcumin; D001151:Arsenic
keywords: (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide); Arsenic; CUR-NP; Con-A; Curcumin; DMSO; DTH; ELISA; Immunotoxicity; KLH; Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin; LPS; MTT; NO; Nanocurcumin; OD; PBS; PBST; PLGA; RBMI; Rats; Roswell Park Memorial Institute medium; SI; Tween-20 phosphate buffer solution; concanavalin-A; delayed type of hypersensitivity reaction; dimethyl-sulphoxide; eNPs; empty nanoparticles; enzyme-linked immunosorbent; lipopolysaccharide; nanoparticle encapsulated curcumin; nitric oxide; optical density; phosphate buffered saline; poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid); stimulation index