title: Kisspeptin activation of TRPC4 channels in female GnRH neurons requires PIP2 depletion and cSrc kinase activation.
abstract: Kisspeptin signaling via its Gαq-coupled receptor GPR54 plays a crucial role in modulating GnRH neuronal excitability, which controls pituitary gonadotropins secretion and ultimately reproduction. Kisspeptin potently depolarizes GnRH neurons primarily through the activation of canonical transient receptor potential (TRPC) channels, but the intracellular signaling cascade has not been elucidated. Presently, we have established that kisspeptin activation of TRPC channels requires multiple membrane and intracellular signaling molecules. First, phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP(2)) hydrolysis by phospholipase Cβ is required because whole-cell dialysis of Dioctanoylglycerol-PIP(2) (DiC8-PIP(2)) inhibited the kisspeptin activation of TRPC channels, and the phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase inhibitor wortmannin, which attenuates PIP(2) synthesis, prolonged TRPC channel activation. Using single cell RT-PCR, we identified that the mRNA for the PIP(2)-interacting TRPC channel subunit, TRPC4α, is expressed in GnRH neurons. Depletion of intracellular Ca(2+) stores by thapsigargin and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate had no effect, indicating that the TRPC channels are not store-operated. Neither removing extracellular Ca(2+) nor buffering intracellular Ca(2+) with EGTA or BAPTA had any effect on the kisspeptin activation of the TRPC channels. However, the Ca(2+) channel blocker Ni(2+) inhibited the kisspeptin-induced inward current. Moreover, inhibition of protein kinase C by bisindolylmaleimide-I or calphostin C had no effect, but activation of protein kinase C by phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate occluded the kisspeptin-activated current. Finally, inhibition of the cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase cSrc by genistein or the pyrazolo-pyrimidine PP2 blocked the activation of TRPC channels by kisspeptin. Therefore, TRPC channels in GnRH neurons are receptor-operated, and kisspeptin activates TRPC channels through PIP(2) depletion and cSrc tyrosine kinase activation, which is a novel signaling pathway for peptidergic excitation of GnRH neurons.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
authors.forename: Chunguang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Martha A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bosch
authors.forename: Oline K
authors.initials: OK
authors.lastname: Rønnekleiv
authors.forename: Martin J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kelly
mesh_terms: D000730:Androstadienes / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000081247:CSK Tyrosine-Protein Kinase; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D019833:Genistein / Q000494:pharmacology; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D059648:Kisspeptins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D010052:Ovariectomy; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D019269:Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate / Q000378:metabolism*; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D050052:TRPC Cation Channels / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000077191:Wortmannin; D019061:src-Family Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000730:Androstadienes; D000081247:CSK Tyrosine-Protein Kinase; D002118:Calcium; D019833:Genistein; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D059648:Kisspeptins; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D019269:Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011743:Pyrimidines; D050052:TRPC Cation Channels; D000077191:Wortmannin; D019061:src-Family Kinases; C412373:AG 1879; C489571:TRPC4 ion channel