title: High-fat diet induces dynamic metabolic alterations in multiple biological matrices of rats.
abstract: Obesity is a condition resulting from the interactions of individual biology and environmental factors causing multiple complications. To understand the system's metabolic changes associated with the obesity development and progression, we systematically analyzed the dynamic metabonomic changes induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) in multiple biological matrices of rats using NMR and GC-FID/MS techniques. Clinical chemistry and histopathological data were obtained as complementary information. We found that HFD intakes caused systematic metabolic changes in blood plasma, liver, and urine samples involving multiple metabolic pathways including glycolysis, TCA cycle, and gut microbiota functions together with the metabolisms of fatty acids, amino acids, choline, B-vitamins, purines, and pyrimidines. The HFD-induced metabolic variations were detectable in rat urine a week after HFD intake and showed clear dependence on the intake duration. B-vitamins and gut microbiota played important roles in the obesity development and progression together with changes in TCA cycle intermediates (citrate, α-ketoglutarate, succinate, and fumarate). 83-day HFD intakes caused significant metabolic alterations in rat liver highlighted with the enhancements in lipogenesis, lipid accumulation and lipid oxidation, suppression of glycolysis, up-regulation of gluconeogenesis and glycogenesis together with altered metabolisms of choline, amino acids and nucleotides. HFD intakes reduced the PUFA-to-MUFA ratio in both plasma and liver, indicating the HFD-induced oxidative stress. These findings provided essential biochemistry information about the dynamic metabolic responses to the development and progression of HFD-induced obesity. This study also demonstrated the combined metabonomic analysis of multiple biological matrices as a powerful approach for understanding the molecular basis of pathogenesis and disease progression.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, PR China.
authors.forename: Yanpeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: An
authors.forename: Wenxin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Huihui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Hehua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.forename: Limin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Fuhua
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.forename: Yixuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.forename: Xing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Junfang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Yulan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Huiru
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism; D002952:Citric Acid Cycle; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000652:urine*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011687:Purines / Q000378:metabolism; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014233:Tricarboxylic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D014803:Vitamin B Complex / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D011687:Purines; D011743:Pyrimidines; D014233:Tricarboxylic Acids; D014803:Vitamin B Complex