title: Ecological risk of estrogenic endocrine disrupting chemicals in sewage plant effluent and reclaimed water.
abstract: The long-term ecological risk of micropollutants, especially endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) has threatened reclaimed water quality. In this study, estrogenic activity and ecological risk of eight typical estrogenic EDCs in effluents from sewage plants were evaluated. The estrogenic activity analysis showed that steroidal estrogens had the highest estrogenic activity (ranged from 10(-1) to 10(3) ng-E2/L), phenolic compounds showed weaker estrogenic activity (mainly ranged from 10(-3) to 10 ng-E2/L), and phthalate esters were negligible. The ecological risk of the estrogenic EDCs which was characterized by risk quotient ranged from 10(-4) to 10(3), with an order in descending: steroids estrogens, phenolic compounds and phthalate esters. The eight estrogenic EDCs were scored and sorted based on the comparison of the estrogenic activity and the ecological risk, suggesting that 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2), estrone (E1) and estradiol (E2) should be the priority EDCs to control in municipal sewage plants.
authors.affiliation: State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Huang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xiao-Lei
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Hong-Ying
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kameya
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujie
mesh_terms: D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000032:analysis*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000032:analysis; D004967:Estrogens / Q000032:analysis; D004970:Estrone / Q000032:analysis; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol / Q000032:analysis; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry*; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D014877:Water Pollution, Chemical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018508:Water Purification
chemical_list: D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D004967:Estrogens; D010636:Phenols; D012722:Sewage; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D004970:Estrone; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol; D004958:Estradiol
keywords: Ecological risk; Estrogenic activity; Estrogenic endocrine disrupting chemicals; Reclaimed water; Sewage plant; Water reuse