title: The "firing cannons" of Dipodascopsis uninucleata var. uninucleata.
abstract: According to literature, the elongated ascospores of Dipodascopsis uninucleata var. uninucleata exhibit smart movement when forcefully ejected from bottle-shaped asci. This type of movement is defined as the unique patterns of non-random movement of ascospores with specialized morphology thereby facilitating release from asci. Smart movement is required to actively release ascospores individually through the narrow ascus neck, without causing an obstruction and blocking ascospore release. However, little is known about the propulsion mechanism of this cannon-type release system. We show that asci of this yeast contain a central channel (barrel) filled with ascospores. These are surrounded by a sheath-like structure that lines the inner surface of the ascus wall. We found that this sheath is responsible for forcing the naked ascospores out of the ascus by exerting turgor pressure from the bottom towards the tip of the ascus. This cannon firing system is in contrast to that found in Dipodascus geniculatus, where no sheaths lining the ascus interior were observed. Instead, sheaths were found enveloping each ascospore.
authors.affiliation: UNESCO MIRCEN, Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa.
authors.forename: Andries P S
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Olivier
authors.forename: Chantel W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Swart
authors.forename: Carolina H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Pohl
authors.forename: Pieter W J
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: van Wyk
authors.forename: Hendrik C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Swart
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Coetsee
authors.forename: Schalk W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Schoombie
authors.forename: Jon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Smit
authors.forename: Johan Lodewyk F
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Kock
mesh_terms: D011312:Pressure; D004718:Saccharomycetales / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology*; D013172:Spores, Fungal / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure