title: [Analysis of clinical and genetic characteristics of 20 cases of children with Silver Russell syndrome].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To improve the accuracy of the diagnosis of the disease on the basis of the clinical features and genetic characteristics of patients with Silver Russell syndrome (SRS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients diagnosed with SRS by Price criteria in 2006 to 2011 were reviewed for their clinical manifestations, physical signs, laboratory examinations and treatments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty cases with SRS were 0.08-12.17 yr old. Fifteen were male and 5 were female. The clinical characteristics included more than 80% of cases had postnatal growth retardation 100% (20/20), craniofacial dysmorphism 100% (20/20), small for gestation age 95% (19/20), asymmetry and thinning of the face and/or limbs 90% (18/20), fifth finger clinodactyly 80% (16/20), BMI < -2 SDS 80% (16/20). Their height was obviously lagging behind in the bone age. HD SDS/average of bone retardation was 3.08. The two patients with the chief complaint of external genital abnormalities would have aggressive surgical treatment and they did not use the growth hormone (GH) treatment. Only six patients had used the GH treatment. GH treatment at a dose of 0.1 IU/(kg·d) used in 2 cases achieved a growth velocity (GV) 8 - 11 cm/yr but in another 2 cases < 5 cm/yr. In genetic study, 6 patients were found to have 11p15 low methylation, 1 had low and high methylation, 1 had duplication, no relation between clinical and methylation of 11p15 was found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There were great variations of clinical features in SRS characterized by small for gestation age and/or postnatal growth retardation, craniofacial dysmorphism, asymmetry of the face and/or limbs or ultrafine limbs, fifth finger clinodactyly. Severely low BMI was seen and height was obviously lagging behind in the bone age. The findings of laboratory tests and imaging of SRS were not specific. Some of SRS had 11p15 imprinting defects. The treatment of SRS is mainly symptomatic.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100045, China.
authors.forename: Ming-qiang
authors.initials: MQ
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Chun-xiu
authors.initials: CX
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: Di
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Shu-yue
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Bing-yan
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Cao
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics; D000293:Adolescent; D001827:Body Height; D015519:Bone Density; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002880:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11 / Q000235:genetics*; D019175:DNA Methylation; D005260:Female; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D018392:Genomic Imprinting; D006130:Growth Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D056730:Silver-Russell Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics