title: Possible ameliorative effect of breastfeeding and the uptake of human colostrum against coeliac disease in autistic rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the possible ameliorative effect of breastfeeding and the uptake of human colostrum against coeliac disease in autistic rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Female rats were fed a standard diet and received a single intraperitoneal injection of 600 mg/kg sodium valproate on day 12.5 after conception. In study 1, neonatal rats were randomly subjected to blood tests to investigate autism. In study 2, the 1(st) group was fed by the mother after an injection of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and administration of gliadin. The pups in the 2(nd) group were prevented from accessing maternal milk, injected IFN-γ, administered gliadin, and hand-fed human colostrum. The normal littermates fed by the table mothers were injected with physiological saline and served as normal controls in this study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The protein concentration was higher in group 2 than in group 1 in the duodenum (161.6 ± 9 and 135.4 ± 7 mg/g of tissue, respectively, P < 0.01). A significant increase (P < 0.001) in body weight was detected in human colostrum-treated pups on post natal day (PND) 7 and 21 vs suckling pups in group 1. A delay in eye opening was noticed in the treated rats in group 1 on PND 13 compared with the control group and group 2. Administration of a single intraperitoneal injection of 600 mg/kg sodium valproate on day 12.5 after conception resulted in significantly reduced calcium and vitamin D levels in study 1 compared with the control groups (P < 0.001). However, human colostrum uptake inhibited increases in the level of transglutaminase antibody in autistic pups with coeliac disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The effects of early-life nutrition and human colostrum on the functional maturation of the duodenal villi in autistic rats with coeliac disease that might limit or prevent the coeliac risk with autism.
authors.affiliation: Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Autism Research and Treatment Centre, Riyadh 11459, Saudi Arabia. manar.selim@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Manar E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Selim
authors.forename: Laila Y
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Al-Ayadhi
mesh_terms: D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D000833:Animals, Suckling; D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications*; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001903:Bottle Feeding; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003126:Colostrum / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004386:Duodenum / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005260:Female; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D005865:Gestational Age; D005903:Gliadin; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D008297:Male; D009752:Nutritional Status; D011247:Pregnancy; D000091345:Protein Glutamine gamma Glutamyltransferase 2; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011503:Transglutaminases / Q000276:immunology; D014635:Valproic Acid; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D015415:Biomarkers; D014807:Vitamin D; D014635:Valproic Acid; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D005903:Gliadin; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D; D000091345:Protein Glutamine gamma Glutamyltransferase 2; D011503:Transglutaminases; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins; D002118:Calcium
keywords: Autism; Breastfeeding; Coeliac disease; Human colostrum