title: Assessment of pain and discomfort during early orthodontic treatment of skeletal Class III malocclusion using the Removable Mandibular Retractor Appliance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the degree of pain and discomfort during the orthodontic treatment of skeletal Class III malocclusion using the Removable Mandibular Retractor (RMR).
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample consisted of 33 skeletal Class III patients (17 males and 16 females; average age: 7.5 ± 1.33 years) who had been assigned to the RMR treatment group in a randomised controlled trial comparing this treatment versus a control group of no treatment at the Orthodontic Department, University of Al-Baath Dental School in Syria. Pain and discomfort were assessed using standardised questionnaires at the following assessment times: 7 days (T1), 14 days (T2), 6 weeks (T3), 3 months (T4) and 6 months (T5) after appliance insertion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Levels of pain and discomfort decreased gradually by time in general. No significant changes in the levels of pain, tooth sensitivity and soft tissues tension were detected, whereas a significant decrease in the levels of pressure, impaired speech, impaired swallowing and lack of confidence in public was observed two weeks following appliance insertion. Mandibular constraint feeling required three months to decrease significantly. No difference was found between males and females with regard to acceptance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The RMR is well accepted by Class III patients in the early mixed dentition.
authors.affiliation: Orthodontic Department, University of Al-Baath Dental School Hamah, Syria.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saleh
authors.forename: M Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Hajeer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al-Jundi
mesh_terms: D001294:Attitude to Health; D002648:Child; D003679:Deglutition / Q000502:physiology; D003818:Dentition, Mixed; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008313:Malocclusion, Angle Class III / Q000628:therapy*; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D017289:Orthodontic Appliances, Functional; D009968:Orthodontic Appliances, Removable; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D010349:Patient Compliance; D011312:Pressure; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology; D012649:Self Concept; D013060:Speech / Q000502:physiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014098:Toothache / Q000209:etiology