title: Biceps instability and Slap type II tear in overhead athletes.
abstract: Type II lesions are common lesions encountered in overhead athletes with controversies arising in term of timing for treatment, surgical approach, rehabilitation and functional results. The aim of our study was to evaluate the outcomes of arthroscopic repair of type II SLAP tears in overhead athletes, focusing on the time elapsed from diagnosis and treatment, time needed to return to sport, rate of return to sport and to previous level of performance, providing an overview concerning evidence for the effectiveness of different surgical approaches to type II SLAP tears in overhead athletes. A internet search on peer reviewed Journal from 1990, first descriprion of this pathology, to 2012, have been conducted evaluating the outcomes for both isolated Slap II tear overhead athletes and those who presented associated lesions treated. The results have been analyzed according to the scale reported focusing on return to sport and level of activity. Apart from a single study, non prospective level I and II studies were detected. Return to play at the same level ranged form 22% to 94% with different range of technique utilized with the majority of the authors recommending the fixation of these lesions but biceps tenodesis can lead to higher satisfaction racte when directly compated to the anchor fixation. Associated pathologies such as partial or full tickness rotator cuff tear did not clearly affect the outcomes and complications rate. There is no consensus regarding timing and treatment for type II SLAP, especially in overhead athletes who need to regain a high level of performance.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Arthroscopy and Sports Medicine, Hesperia Hospital, Modena, Italy.
authors.forename: Leonardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Osti
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Soldati
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cheli
authors.forename: Carlotta
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pari
authors.forename: Leo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Massari
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Maffulli
keywords: SLAP; overhead athletes; overhead sport; superior labrum