title: Effect of wearing compression stockings on recovery after mild exercise-induced muscle damage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Compression garments are increasingly popular in long-distance running events where they are used to limit cumulative fatigue and symptoms associated with mild exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). However, the effective benefits remain unclear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study examined the effect of wearing compression stockings (CS) on EIMD indicators. Compression was applied during or after simulated trail races performed at competition pace in experienced off-road runners.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven highly trained male runners participated in 3 simulated trail races (15.6 km: uphill section 6.6 km, average gradient 13%, and downhill section 9.0 km, average gradient -9%) in a randomized crossover trial. The effect of wearing CS while running or during recovery was tested and compared with a control condition (ie, run and recovery without CS; non- CS). Indicators of muscle function, muscle damage (creatine kinase; CK), inflammation (interleukin-6; IL-6), and perceived muscle soreness were recorded at baseline (1 h before warm-up) and 1, 24, and 48 h after the run.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Perceived muscle soreness was likely to be lower when participants wore CS during trail running compared with the control condition (1 h postrun, 82% chance; 24 h postrun, 80% chance). A likely or possibly beneficial effect of wearing CS during running was also found for isometric peak torque at 1 h postrun (70% chance) and 24 h postrun (60% chance) and throughout the recovery period on countermovement jump, compared with non-CS. Possible, trivial, or unclear differences were observed for CK and IL-6 between all conditions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Wearing CS during simulated trail races mainly affects perceived leg soreness and muscle function. These benefits are visible very shortly after the start of the recovery period.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Sport, Expertise and Performance, National Inst of Sport (INSEP), Paris, France.
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bieuzen
authors.forename: Jeanick
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brisswalter
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Easthope
authors.forename: Fabrice
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vercruyssen
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bernard
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hausswirth
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D007537:Isometric Contraction; D008297:Male; D018763:Muscle Fatigue; D053580:Muscle Strength; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000293:injuries / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D063806:Myalgia / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D010465:Perception; D010807:Physical Endurance; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012420:Running; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D053828:Stockings, Compression; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D019415:Torque; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D015850:Interleukin-6; D003402:Creatine Kinase