title: Towards identification of finger flexions using single channel surface electromyography--able bodied and amputee subjects.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This research has established a method for using single channel surface electromyogram (sEMG) recorded from the forearm to identify individual finger flexion. The technique uses the volume conduction properties of the tissues and uses the magnitude and density of the singularities in the signal as a measure of strength of the muscle activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  SEMG was recorded from the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle during four different finger flexions. Based on the volume conduction properties of the tissues, sEMG was decomposed into wavelet maxima and grouped into four groups based on their magnitude. The mean magnitude and the density of each group were the inputs to the twin support vector machines (TSVM). The algorithm was tested on 11 able-bodied and one trans-radial amputated volunteer to determine the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity. The system was also tested to determine inter-experimental variations and variations due to difference in the electrode location.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Accuracy and sensitivity of identification of finger actions from single channel sEMG signal was 93% and 94% for able-bodied and 81% and 84% for trans-radial amputated respectively, and there was only a small inter-experimental variation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Volume conduction properties based sEMG analysis provides a suitable basis for identifying finger flexions from single channel sEMG. The reported system requires supervised training and automatic classification.
authors.affiliation: Bio-signals Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia.
authors.forename: Dinesh Kant
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Sridhar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Poosapadi Arjunan
authors.forename: Vijay Pal
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D000674:Amputees; D004576:Electromyography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005385:Fingers / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology*; D005542:Forearm; D006225:Hand; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D060388:Support Vector Machine; D055815:Young Adult