title: Prevalence and trends of human papillomavirus in oropharyngeal cancer in a predominantly north Indian population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence in oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer (SCC) remains variable and studies have estimated that up to 60% may be positive.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred five treatment-naïve oropharyngeal SCC patients were included. HPV genotyping was done by consensus polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse line-blot hybridization assay. HPV prevalence was co-related with sex, age, tobacco consumption, alcohol use, and high-risk sexual behavior.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HPV prevalence was 22.8%. No significant associations were seen between tobacco or alcohol consumption with HPV status. The mean number of lifetime sexual partners and indulgence in high-risk sexual behavior was significantly more in patients who are HPV positive. There were no significant associations between the 2 groups with respect to the stage of the tumor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results of this study confirms that patients who are HPV positive are younger, and with high-risk sexual behavior. We did not find any impact of smoking and alcohol consumption on HPV status.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B. R. A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Ankur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bahl
authors.forename: Pankaj
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Lalit
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dar
authors.forename: Bidhu K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Mohanti
authors.forename: Atul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Alok
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thakar
authors.forename: Venkat
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Karthikeyan
authors.forename: Kapil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sikka
authors.forename: Chiromamit
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Kamala
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Poo
authors.forename: Jaini
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lodha
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009959:Oropharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000235:genetics; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D012747:Sexual Partners; D014030:Tobacco, Smokeless / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
keywords: Indian patients; human papillomavirus; oropharyngeal cancer; prevalence; trends