title: Impact of priming the infusion system on the performance of target-controlled infusion of remifentanil.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The start-up behavior of syringe and syringe pump is known to be one of the causes of inaccurate intravenous infusion. This study evaluated the method of priming the infusion system (PRIMING), and its impact on the target-controlled infusion (TCI) of two remifentanil diluents.
  
  
  METHODS
  PRIMING was performed using an evacuation of 2.0 ml to the atmosphere prior to TCI. Forty-eight TCI, using 50 µg/ml (Remi50) or 20 µg/ml (Remi20) of diluents, were performed targeting 4.0 ng/ml of effect-site concentration (Ceff), with PRIMING or not. The gravimetrical measurements of the delivered infusates reproduced actual Ceff. The bolus amount and time to reach 95% target were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Without PRIMING, Remi50 infused less bolus (43 ± 23 %) than Remi20 (19 ± 9 %) (P = 0.003), and showed more delayed increase of Ceff (11.2 ± 4.0 min) than Remi20 (7.4 ± 0.4 min) (P = 0.028). However, PRIMING significantly decreased the deficit of the bolus (2 ± 1%), as well as the delay of the increase of Ceff in Remi50 (1.2 ± 0.2 min) (both P < 0.001). In addition, with PRIMING, the start-up bolus showed minimal difference to the nominal bolus (1 and 2%), and Ceff were increased to 4.0 ± 0.1 ng/ml at the expected time of peak effect, irrespective of the diluents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Proper operation of the syringe pump used in the priming of the syringe may be helpful in reduction of the inaccuracy of TCI, particularly during the early phase of infusion, or the infusion of a more concentrated diluent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
authors.forename: Jong-Yeop
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Bong-Ki
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: Jong Hyuk
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Youn Yi
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Jo
authors.forename: Sang-Kee
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Min
keywords: Drug delivery; Priming; Target-controlled infusion