title: The significance of heat-shock protein gp96 and its receptors' CD91 and Toll-like receptor 4 expression at the maternal foetal interface.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Differences in the expression of gp96 and its receptors were analysed in normal and pathological human pregnancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunohistology and immunofluorescence of sections from decidual part of term placenta, first trimester normal decidua, missed abortion and blighted ovum decidua were performed together with reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In missed abortion, gp96 was intensively stained, when compared to normal early pregnancy. The intensity of CD91 and TLR4 was higher in the first trimester pregnancy and blighted ovum, when compared to missed abortion. Decidual part of the term placenta is invaded with gp96⁺ , CD91⁺ and TLR4+ trophoblast. Progesterone-induced blocking factor (PIBF) decreased the frequency of TLR4⁺ T lymphocytes, CD91⁺ T, natural killer (NK) and mature dendritic cells after an 18-h culture. Decidual mononuclear cells (DMCs) treated with PIBF down-regulated CD91, TLR4 and gp96 gene expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of gp96, CD91 and TLR4 at the maternal-foetal interface provides a molecular basis for their interaction, particularly in the absence of PIBF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.
authors.forename: Tamara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gulic
authors.forename: Gordana
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Laskarin
authors.forename: Arnela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Redzovic
authors.forename: Senija
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eminović
authors.forename: Herman
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Haller
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rukavina
mesh_terms: D000030:Abortion, Missed / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003656:Decidua / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000166:cytology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007633:Keratins / Q000378:metabolism; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D026503:Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011257:Pregnancy Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D013491:Suppressor Factors, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014327:Trophoblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; C475476:LRP1 protein, human; D026503:Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-1; C110058:PIBF1 protein, human; D011257:Pregnancy Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D013491:Suppressor Factors, Immunologic; C495345:TLR4 protein, human; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; C052646:sarcoma glycoprotein gp96 rejection antigens; D007633:Keratins