title: New-concept batteries based on aqueous Li+/Na+ mixed-ion electrolytes.
abstract: Rechargeable batteries made from low-cost and abundant materials operating in safe aqueous electrolytes are attractive for large-scale energy storage. Sodium-ion battery is considered as a potential alternative of current lithium-ion battery. As sodium-intercalation compounds suitable for aqueous batteries are limited, we adopt a novel concept of Li(+)/Na(+) mixed-ion electrolytes to create two batteries (LiMn2O4/Na0.22MnO2 and Na0.44MnO2/TiP2O7), which relies on two electrochemical processes. One involves Li(+) insertion/extraction reaction, and the other mainly relates to Na(+) extraction/insertion reaction. Two batteries exhibit specific energy of 17 Wh kg(-1) and 25 Wh kg(-1) based on the total weight of active electrode materials, respectively. As well, aqueous LiMn2O4/Na0.22MnO2 battery is capable of separating Li(+) and Na(+) due to its specific mechanism unlike the traditional "rocking-chair" lithium-ion batteries. Hence, the Li(+)/Na(+) mixed-ion batteries offer promising applications in energy storage and Li(+)/Na(+) separation.
authors.affiliation: Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P R China.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Qingwen
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Xufeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Saixi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Yonggao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Zhaoping
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D011211:Electric Power Supplies; D004563:Electrochemistry; D004573:Electrolytes / Q000737:chemistry*; D017736:Ion-Selective Electrodes; D008094:Lithium / Q000737:chemistry*; D008345:Manganese / Q000737:chemistry; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry; D012964:Sodium / Q000737:chemistry*; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D004573:Electrolytes; D010087:Oxides; C488552:lithium manganese oxide; D008345:Manganese; D008094:Lithium; D012964:Sodium; D014025:Titanium