title: Association of vitamin D concentrations with adiposity indices among preadolescent children in Korea.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to investigate the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and anthropometric indicators of adiposity among Korean preadolescent children aged 7-9 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children aged 7 to 9 from the Ewha Birth & Growth Cohort were followed up from July to August 2011. Serum 25(OH)D concentration was measured using radio immunoassay. We assessed the magnitude of cross-sectional association with vitamin D concentrations and indicators of adiposity [body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), mid-arm circumference (MAC), body fat mass (BFM), percent body fat (PBF), and triceps skinfold thickness (TSF)] using multiple linear and logistic regression analyses adjusted for sex, age, birth order, maternal education, and fruit/fruit juice intake.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-two (16%) out of a total of 205 children showed an optimal level of serum 25(OH)D, but most children did not reach a sufficient level (<30 ng/mL) even in summer. The level of 25(OH)D was inversely associated with BMI (β=-0.10, p<0.01), WC (β=-0.28, p<0.01), and BFM (β=-0.12, p=0.02) after adjusting for confounding factors and showed marginal boundary with PBF (β=-0.20, p=0.06) and TSF (β=-0.11, p=0.08). Regarding the risk of overweight, a 13% protective effect per 1 ng/mL increase of 25(OH)D was shown even after adjusting for relevant confounding factors (adjusted odds ratio=0.87, 95% confidence interval 0.78-0.98).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found that the 25(OH)D concentrations were inversely associated with adiposity indices in preadolescent children. This study suggests that adequate vitamin D intake in growing children is crucial to maintain an optimal vitamin D level to prevent obesity and obesity-related health problems later in life.
authors.forename: Hye Ah
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Young Ju
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hwayoung
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hye Sun
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Gwak
authors.forename: Eun Ae
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Su Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Se Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Eun Hee
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.forename: Hae Soon
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hyesook
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D015652:25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2 / Q000097:blood; D050154:Adiposity; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002112:Calcifediol / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D050177:Overweight / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D012306:Risk; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000097:blood* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D; D015652:25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2; D002112:Calcifediol