title: Co-treatment with quercetin and 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose causes cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 and AU565 cells.
abstract: Breast cancer is the most universal cancer in women, but the medications for breast cancer usually cause serious side effects and offer no effective treatment for triple-negative breast cancer. Here, we investigated the growth inhibitory effects of gallic acid (GA), (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), or 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose (5GG) combined with quercetin (Que) on breast cancer cells. In this study, we tested the combined effects of these compounds on estrogen receptor (ER)/human epidermal growth factor 2 (Her2)-negative (MDA-MB-231), ER-positive/Her2-negative (BT483), and ER-negative/Her2-positive (AU565) breast cancer cells. After treatment of each cell line with these compounds, we found that Que combined with 5GG induced S-phase arrest and apoptosis in MDA-BM-231 cells through downregulation of S-phase kinase protein 2 expression, but induced G2/M-phase arrest and apoptosis in AU565 cells through downregulation of Her2 expression. Additionally, Que combined with 5GG was more effective in inhibiting MDA-MB-231 cell growth than Que combined with EGCG (5GG analogue) or GA. The combination of 5GG and Que can offer great potential for the chemoprevention of ER-negative breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Suz-Yi
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Chih-Li
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Tzu-Huei
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.forename: Ling Hsuan
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yi Jing
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Hsiu-Chen
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005260:Female; D059565:G2 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D047348:Hydrolyzable Tannins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011794:Quercetin / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D000975:Antioxidants; D047348:Hydrolyzable Tannins; C435084:pentagalloylglucose; D011794:Quercetin