title: Mitochondria protection with ginkgolide B-loaded polymeric nanocapsules prevents diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocarcinoma in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has no successful pharmacotherapeutic remedy. The aim of this study was to ascertain whether ginkgolide B (GB)-loaded polymeric nanocapsules can prevent diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced HCC in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  GB was fabricated in two types of nanocapsules of which one was polyethylene glycol coated (N1GB) and the other was uncoated (N2GB). These nanocapsules were orally gavaged during DEN-induced HCC development in rats.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nanocapsulation of GB enabled aqueous suspension and slow time-dependent release of the compound. Anticarcinogenic potential of N2GB was reflected by its ability in the management of DEN-induced reactive oxygen species generation, mitochondrial dysfunction, p53, NF-κB, inducible nitric oxide synthase, COX-2 and VEGF expressions, and induction of apoptosis in cancer cells in the rat liver.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Positive zeta-potential on N2GB surface might have offered higher hepatic accumulation of GB, especially at the electron-dense organelle mitochondria. Mitochondria protection against DEN-induced oxidative damage ensured HCC prevention.
authors.affiliation: Cell Biology & Physiology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja SC Mullick Road, Kolkata-700032, India.
authors.forename: Swarupa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghosh
authors.forename: Sandhya Rekha
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Dungdung
authors.forename: Somsubhra Thakur
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Choudhury
authors.forename: Somsuta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chakraborty
authors.forename: Nirmalendu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Das
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004052:Diethylnitrosamine; D046934:Ginkgolides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007783:Lactones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D053769:Nanocapsules / Q000737:chemistry; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D046934:Ginkgolides; D007783:Lactones; D053769:Nanocapsules; D011108:Polymers; D004052:Diethylnitrosamine; C045856:ginkgolide B