title: Albumin reduces thrombogenic potential of single-walled carbon nanotubes.
abstract: Reduction of thrombogenicity of carbon nanotubes is an important prerequisite for their biomedical use. We assessed the thrombogenic activity of carboxylated single-walled carbon nanotubes (c-SWCNTs) and covalently PEGylated c-SWNCTs (PEG-SWCNTs) by testing the clotting time of platelet poor plasma and platelet aggregation in whole blood samples, and evaluated the impact of human serum albumin on thrombogenicity of carbon nanotubes. Both types of SWCNTs exhibited considerable thrombogenic activity. SWCNTs accelerated plasma clotting, with a lesser effect seen for PEG-SWCNTs. Treatment of SWCNTs with albumin did not affect the SWCNT-induced shortening of clotting time. In whole blood, no discernible differences in the effect of c-SWCNTs and PEG-SWCNTs on platelets were observed. Upon addition of SWCNTs to blood, dose- and time-dependent formation of agglomerates of nanotubes and platelets was demonstrated. Pretreatment of SWCNTs with albumin reduced the platelet aggregation: the number of single platelets increased, and the size of platelet-SWCNT agglomerates decreased dramatically. Hence, addition of albumin may serve to attenuate the adverse, thrombogenic effect of CNTs.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Physico-Chemical Medicine, Federal Medico-Biological Agency, ul. Malaya Pirogovskaya 1a, 119435 Moscow, Russia. Electronic address: tvvakhrusheva@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Tatyana V
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Vakhrusheva
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Physico-Chemical Medicine, Federal Medico-Biological Agency, ul. Malaya Pirogovskaya 1a, 119435 Moscow, Russia. Electronic address: gus_a_a@mail.ru.
authors.forename: Alexandr A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Gusev
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Physico-Chemical Medicine, Federal Medico-Biological Agency, ul. Malaya Pirogovskaya 1a, 119435 Moscow, Russia. Electronic address: ser_gus@mail.ru.
authors.forename: Sergey A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Gusev
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Physico-Chemical Medicine, Federal Medico-Biological Agency, ul. Malaya Pirogovskaya 1a, 119435 Moscow, Russia. Electronic address: irina.vlasova@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Irina I
authors.initials: II
authors.lastname: Vlasova
mesh_terms: D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D010314:Partial Thromboplastin Time; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000139:chemically induced*
chemical_list: D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D012709:Serum Albumin
keywords: Albumin; Blood biocompatibility; Carbon nanotubes; Clotting time; Nanoparticle agglomerate; Platelet aggregation