title: MR compatible positioning device for guiding a focused ultrasound system for the treatment of brain deseases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A prototype magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-compatible positioning device that navigates a high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) transducer is presented. The positioning device has three user-controlled degrees of freedom that allow access to brain targets using a lateral coupling approach. The positioning device can be used for the treatment of brain cancer (thermal mode ultrasound) or ischemic stroke (mechanical mode ultrasound).
  
  
  METHODS
  The positioning device incorporates only MRI compatible materials such as piezoelectric motors, ABS plastic, brass screws, and brass rack and pinion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The robot has the ability to accurately move the transducer thus creating overlapping lesions in rabbit brain in vivo. The registration and repeatability of the system was evaluated using tissues in vitro and gel phantom and was also tested in vivo in the brain of a rabbit.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A simple, cost effective, portable positioning device has been developed which can be used in virtually any clinical MRI scanner since it can be placed on the table of the MRI scanner. This system can be used to treat in the future patients with brain cancer and ischemic stroke.
authors.affiliation: City University, London, UK; Frederick Institute of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mylonas
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Damianou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D057086:High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Ablation / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D056888:Patient Positioning / Q000379:methods*; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D020959:Polyethylene / Q000737:chemistry; D011817:Rabbits; D012371:Robotics; D012984:Software; D020521:Stroke / Q000628:therapy; D014159:Transducers; D014464:Ultrasonic Therapy / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D020959:Polyethylene
keywords: Brain; MRI; Ultrasound; positioning