title: Hypertriglyceridemia accompanied by increased serum complement component 3 and proteinuria in non-nephrotic chronic kidney disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hypertriglyceridemia (hTG) is a risk factor for progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD); however, it remains unknown whether the adipocytokine complement component 3 (C3) is involved in the association between hTG and CKD.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 138 patients (54 % male) with non-nephrotic (serum albumin ≥3 g/dl) CKD who had undergone a renal biopsy and did not have hypocomplementemic disease. Renal arteriolopathy was assessed semi-quantitatively. We examined the cross-sectional associations between proteinuria and hTG with or without a higher serum C3 level (hC3), defined as equal or above the median value.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean (SD) age of the patients was 42 (±17) years and urine protein was 1.2 (±1.2) g/gCr. Patients with hTG had a significantly higher urine protein than those without hTG. Subgroup analysis showed that the hTG+/hC3+ group had higher grade arteriolopathy and urine protein levels. Multiple logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, and diabetes mellitus showed that hC3+ alone was associated significantly with higher levels of urine protein [odds ratio (OR), 2.98; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.19-7.46, p = 0.02]; however, hTG alone showed no such association. hTG+/hC3+ was a significant factor when hTG-/hC3- was used as the reference (adjusted OR 5.32; 95 % CI 1.40-20.17, p = 0.01), with this OR being decreased by adjustment for arteriolopathy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  hTG accompanied by hC3 was associated with proteinuria in non-nephrotic CKD. Arteriolopathy may influence this association. A prospective study is needed to determine the predictive value of this association in CKD progression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nephrology and Neurology, University of the Ryukyus School of Medicine, 207 Uehara, Nishihara-cho, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan, kohagura@med.u-ryukyu.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kohagura
authors.forename: Masako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kochi
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyagi
authors.forename: Takanori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kinjyo
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Maehara
authors.forename: Kojiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kinjyo
authors.forename: Kazufumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagahama
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sakima
authors.forename: Kunitoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Iseki
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohya
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D015897:Comorbidity; D003176:Complement C3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015228:Hypertriglyceridemia / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015233:Models, Statistical; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D003176:Complement C3