title: Exhaled biomarker pattern is altered in children with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) is a common disorder in children, which is associated with enhanced inflammatory status. Inflammation-associated changes could be monitored by the assessment of exhaled biomarker profile. This study aimed to compare the exhaled biomarker profile in children with OSAS and habitual snorers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen children with OSAS (8 ± 2 years, mean ± SD) and ten non-OSAS subjects with habitual snoring (9 ± 2 years) were recruited. Exhaled breath was collected from the lower airways, processed using an electronic nose (E-nose) and analyzed off-line using principal component analysis, followed by discrimination analysis and logistic regression to build a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exhaled biomarker pattern of OSAS patients was discriminated from that of control subjects (p = 0.03, cross-validation accuracy: 64%), ROC curve analysis (area: 0.83) showed 78% sensitivity and 70% specificity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The altered exhaled biomarker pattern in OSAS might reflect accelerated airway and/or systemic inflammation in diseased state. Breath pattern analysis by an E-nose can serve as a new tool to monitor inflammation in children with OSAS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Bronchology, Heim Pál Children's Hospital, 86 Üllői Str., 1089 Budapest, Hungary. dr.benedek.palma@gmail.com
authors.forename: Pálma
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Benedek
authors.forename: Zsófia
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lázár
authors.forename: András
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bikov
authors.forename: László
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kunos
authors.forename: Gábor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Katona
authors.forename: Ildikó
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Horváth
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001944:Breath Tests; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D045853:Exhalation / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017286:Polysomnography; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D012372:ROC Curve; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000378:metabolism*; D012913:Snoring / Q000378:metabolism; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds
keywords: Breath analysis; Electronic nose; Exhaled volatile; Inflammation; Polysomnography; Sleep-disordered breathing