title: Genome and proteome analysis of phage E3 infecting the soil-borne actinomycete Rhodococcus equi.
abstract: We report on the characterization and genomic analysis of bacteriophage E3 isolated from soil and propagating in Rhodococcus equi strains. Phage E3 has a circular genome of 142 563 bp and is the first Myoviridae reported for the genus Rhodococcus and for a non-mycobacterial actinomycete. Phylogenetic analyses placed E3 in a distinct Myoviridae clade together with Mycobacterium phages Bxz1 and Myrna. The highly syntenic genomes of this myoviridal group comprise vertically evolving core phage modules flanked by hyperplastic regions specific to each phage and rich in horizontally acquired DNA. The hyperplastic regions contain numerous tRNA genes in the mycobacteriophages which are absent in E3, possibly reflecting bacterial host-specific translation-related phage fitness constraints associated with rate-limiting tRNAs. A structural proteome analysis identified 28 E3 polypeptides, including 15 not previously known to be virion-associated proteins. The E3 genome and comparative analysis provide insight into short-term genome evolution and adaptive plasticity in tailed phages from the environmental microbiome.
authors.affiliation: School of Life, Sport and Social Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, UK.
authors.forename: Samson P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Salifu
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Valero-Rello
authors.forename: Samantha A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Neil F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Inglis
authors.forename: Mariela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scortti
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Foley
authors.forename: José A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Vázquez-Boland
mesh_terms: D001435:Bacteriophages / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D016679:Genome, Viral; D017900:Myoviridae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016366:Open Reading Frames; D010802:Phylogeny; D020543:Proteome / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods; D016929:Rhodococcus equi / Q000821:virology*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D014771:Virion / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D020543:Proteome; D014764:Viral Proteins