title: The effects of α-pinene versus toluene-derived secondary organic aerosol exposure on the expression of markers associated with vascular disease.
abstract: To investigate the toxicological effects of biogenic- versus anthropogenic-source secondary organic aerosol (SOA) on the cardiovascular system, the Secondary Particulate Health Effects Research program irradiation chamber was used to expose atherosclerotic apolipoprotein E null (Apo E-/-) mice to SOA from the oxidation of either α-pinene or toluene for 7 days. SOA atmospheres were produced to yield 250-300 μg/m(3) of particulate matter and ratios of 10:1:1 α-pinene:nitrogen oxide (NOx):ammonia (NH3); 10:1:1:1 α-pinene:NOx:NH3:sulfur dioxide (SO2) or 10:1:1 toluene:NOx:NH3; and 10:1:1:1 toluene:NOx:NH3:SO2. Resulting effects on the cardiovascular system were assessed by measurement of vascular lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS)), as well as quantification of heme-oxygenase (HO)-1, endothelin (ET)-1, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 mRNA expression for comparison to previous program exposure results. Consistent with similar previous studies, vascular TBARS were not increased significantly with any acute SOA exposure. However, vascular HO-1, MMP-9, and ET-1 observed in Apo E-/- mice exposed to α-pinene + NOx + NH3 + SO2 increased statistically, while α-pinene + NOx + NH3 exposure to either toluene + NOx + NH3 or toluene +NOx + NH3 + SO2 resulted in a decreased expression of these vascular factors. Such findings suggest that the specific chemistry created by the presence or absence of acidic components may be important in SOA-mediated toxicity in the cardiovascular system and/or progression of cardiovascular disease.
authors.affiliation: Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute , Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA.
authors.forename: Amie K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Lund
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Doyle-Eisele
authors.forename: Ying-Hsuan
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Maiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arashiro
authors.forename: Jason D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Surratt
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Holmes
authors.forename: Katherine A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Schilling
authors.forename: John H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Seinfeld
authors.forename: Annette C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Rohr
authors.forename: Eladio M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Knipping
authors.forename: Jacob D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: McDonald
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000336:Aerosols; D000641:Ammonia / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000378:metabolism; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics; D000081008:Bicyclic Monoterpenes; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000378:metabolism*; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000235:genetics; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1 / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000235:genetics; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000032:analysis*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism; D014050:Toluene / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D000081008:Bicyclic Monoterpenes; D015415:Biomarkers; D019332:Endothelin-1; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D039821:Monoterpenes; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D014050:Toluene; D000641:Ammonia; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1; C496542:Hmox1 protein, mouse; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; C501830:Mmp9 protein, mouse; C005451:alpha-pinene