title: Reliability and validity of the Dutch version of the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) is a patient-reported questionnaire measuring symptoms and functional limitations of the foot and ankle. Aim is to translate and culturally adapt the Dutch version of the FAOS and to investigate internal consistency, validity, repeatability and responsiveness.
  
  
  METHODS
  According to the Cross Cultural Adaptation of Self-Report Measures guideline, the FAOS was translated into Dutch. Eighty-nine patients who had undergone an ankle arthroscopy, ankle arthrodesis, ankle ligament reconstruction or hallux valgus correction completed the FAOS, FFI, WOMAC and SF-36 questionnaires and were included in the validity study. Sixty-five of them completed the FAOS a second time to determine repeatability. Responsiveness was analysed in an additional 15 patients who were being treated for foot or ankle problems.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Internal consistency of the FAOS is high (Cronbach's alphas varying between 0.90 and 0.96). Repeatability can be considered good, with ICC's ranging from 0.90 to 0.96. Construct validity can be classified as good with moderate-to-high correlations between the FAOS subscales and subscales of the FFI (0.55 to 0.90), WOMAC (0.57 to 0.92) and SF-36 subscales physical functioning, pain, social functioning and role-physical (0.33 to 0.81). Low standard response means were found for responsiveness (0.0 to 0.4).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study show that the Dutch version of the FAOS is a reliable and valid questionnaire to assess symptoms and functional limitations of the foot and ankle.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. i.scheek@umcg.nl
authors.forename: Inge
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: van den Akker-Scheek
authors.forename: Arnoud
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Seldentuis
authors.forename: Inge H F
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Reininga
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stevens
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000842:Ankle / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016512:Ankle Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000601:surgery; D001174:Arthrodesis / Q000379:methods; D001182:Arthroscopy; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D005260:Female; D006215:Hallux Valgus / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D017844:Lateral Ligament, Ankle / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult