title: [Results of revision after failed surgical treatment for traumatic anterior shoulder instability].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Persistent or recurrent glenohumeral instability after a previous operative stabilization can be a complex problem. Our aim is to establish the incidence of recurrence and its revision surgery, and to analyse the functional results of the revision instability surgery, as well as to determine surgical protocols to perform it.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis was conducted on 16 patients with recurrent instability out of 164 patients operated on between 1999 and 2011. The mean follow-up was 57 months and the mean age was 29 years. To evaluate functional outcome we employed Constant, Rowe, UCLA scores and the visual analogue scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 12 patients who failed the initial arthroscopic surgery, 6 patients underwent an arthroscopic antero-inferior labrum repair technique, 4 using open labrum repair techniques, and 2 coracoid transfer. The two cases of open surgery with recurrences underwent surgery for coracoid transfer. Results of the Constant score were excellent or good in 64% of patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surgical revision of instability is a complex surgery essentially for two reasons: the difficulty in recognising the problem, and the technical demand (greater variety and the increasingly complex techniques).
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Traumatología y Cirugía Ortopédica, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain. yaizalopiz@gmail.com
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lópiz-Morales
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alcobe-Bonilla
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: García-Fernández
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Francés-Borrego
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Otero-Fernández
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Marco-Martínez
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003663:Decision Trees; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012008:Recurrence; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D000070599:Shoulder Injuries; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000601:surgery*; D017211:Treatment Failure; D055815:Young Adult