title: The natural history of cervical human papillomavirus infections and cervical cancer: gaps in knowledge and future horizons.
abstract: Genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the most common sexually transmitted infection. Most HPV infections are benign and resolve on their own, but some women develop persistent HPV infections. Persistent HPV infection with certain high-risk HPV genotypes is the necessary cause of most epithelial lesions of the uterine cervix. The importance of latent or quiescent HPV, waning immunity, hormonal milieu, microbiota, and other factors modifying the natural history of HPV infections across a woman's lifetime deserves further study. Promising biomarkers are emerging that may aid in defining which HPV-infected women are at risk of developing invasive cervical cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA. cwheeler@salud.unm.edu
authors.forename: Cosette Marie
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Wheeler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001003:Anal Canal / Q000821:virology; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005831:Genital Diseases, Female / Q000821:virology; D005838:Genotype; D052162:Human papillomavirus 16 / Q000235:genetics; D052161:Human papillomavirus 18 / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000639:trends; D051379:Mice; D008875:Middle Aged; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology; D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines; D012307:Risk Factors; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D012747:Sexual Partners; D015229:Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral; D002577:Uterine Cervical Diseases / Q000821:virology*; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology*; D014621:Vagina / Q000821:virology; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines