title: Portable INR analysis prior to dental procedures: technique instruction outcomes for senior dental students.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to teach dental students to use an INRatio® (HemoSense) device, to apply the results to patients, and to evaluate the outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective convenience data study that used student surveys.
  
  
  METHODS
  The research was conducted at The Ohio State University College of Dentistry Geriatric Dental Program in Columbus, Ohio.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 105 senior dental students participated in an INRatio training program.
  
  
  METHODS
  The instructions involved the following: 1) a table showing INRatio protocol and dental procedures versus international normalized ratio (INR) guidelines; 2) an online technique training course, 3) a trial INRatio test on another senior dental student; and 4) INRatio for a dental patient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The clinical outcomes including INR values were a retrospective convenience data study. Instructional outcomes were obtained from student surveys.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 79% of students indicated they would use portable INR testing in their future practices; however, 73% of students had difficulty obtaining an adequate blood sample. All patient surgical procedures were completed successfully without serious complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study indicates the INRatio analysis can be included in dental student training, providing safe, efficient, and successful patient care. Difficulty obtaining blood samples suggests the need for extra training, additional clinical experience, and INR devices requiring smaller blood samples.
authors.affiliation: Section of Primary Care, Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, OH, USA.
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: Abdel R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Mohammad
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical; D001800:Blood Specimen Collection; D003194:Computer-Assisted Instruction; D003729:Dental Care; D004497:Education, Dental; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D019934:International Normalized Ratio / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008297:Male; D013511:Minor Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D009862:Online Systems; D019647:Oral Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D019095:Point-of-Care Systems; D019106:Postoperative Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013335:Students, Dental; D013663:Teaching / Q000379:methods; D013664:Teaching Materials; D014859:Warfarin / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D014859:Warfarin