title: Combination treatment with Fructus Ligustri Lucidi and Puerariae radix offsets their independent actions on bone and mineral metabolism in ovariectomized rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Fructus Ligustri Lucidi (FLL) and Puerariae radix (PR) combination treatment in bone and mineral metabolism in ovariectomized (OVX) rats in our search for an alternative regimen for the management of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six-month-old OVX rats were used as postmenopausal osteoporotic models, and PR water extract (PR) and FLL water extract (WE) were added to commercial diets individually or in combination and administered to OVX rats for 12 weeks. Bone properties, calcium and phosphorus absorption, and bone biochemical markers were measured to investigate the potential interactions between the actions of PR and the actions of WE on bone and mineral metabolism in OVX rats.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Long-term treatment with PR did not significantly improve bone properties but greatly ameliorated the secondary hyperparathyroidism induced by ovariectomy in the animals. WE significantly enhanced the intestinal calcium absorption rate and decreased the enlarged trabecular bone surface at the site of metaphysic tibia in OVX rats. However, the positive effects of WE or PR alone on bone and mineral metabolism were diminished when OVX rats were cotreated with WE and PR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of these two herbs offsets their independent actions on bone and mineral metabolism in vivo. The results of the present study could provide insights to medical professionals to further their understanding of the potential negative impact of herb-herb interactions when a combination of herbal mixtures is used for the management of osteoporosis.
authors.affiliation: From the 1Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR; 2Nestlé Research Center Beijing, Haidian District, Beijing, China; 3Shenzhen Research Institute of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), Shenzhen, China; and 4Nestlé Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Xiao-Li
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Si-Si
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Quan-Gui
authors.initials: QG
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Hao-Tian
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Man-Sau
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Liya
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Denney
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D006961:Hyperparathyroidism / Q000517:prevention & control; D007408:Intestinal Absorption / Q000187:drug effects; D031659:Ligustrum / Q000737:chemistry*; D008903:Minerals / Q000378:metabolism*; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; D010052:Ovariectomy; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000378:metabolism; D008517:Phytotherapy; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D017698:Postmenopause; D029908:Pueraria / Q000737:chemistry*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014599:Uterus / Q000033:anatomy & histology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D008903:Minerals; D028321:Plant Preparations; D010758:Phosphorus; D002118:Calcium