title: Comparison of histological and three-dimensional characteristics of porous titanium granules and deproteinized bovine particulate grafts used for sinus floor augmentation in humans: a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Slow-resorbing deproteinized bovine bone grafts have presented high success rates when used for sinus augmentation. However, histologic evaluation shows that this material is eventually excreted as a result of a foreign body reaction. The purpose of this study was to compare and to evaluate the performance of a recently introduced particulate porous graft material, consisting of pure titanium granule (PTG) to the deproteinized bovine bone grafts, when used as a sinus augmentation material.
  
  
  METHODS
  To understand the histological aspects of PTG, deproteinized bovine particulates (Bio-Oss) and PTG were placed contralaterally as sinus grafting materials in 2 patients. After 9 months, biopsies were performed for histologic and 3-dimensional analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both materials were in contact with newly formed bone. The Bio-Oss showed signs of foreign body reaction. In contrast, bone filled the space between the single PTG particulates, and no foreign body reaction was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  From a bone formation perspective, PTG grafts were comparable with the commonly used Bio-Oss grafts and may be regarded as a possible alternative for permanent grafting in sinus augmentation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Dental School, Faculty of Medicine and Health sciences, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vandeweghe
authors.forename: Carole
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Leconte
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.forename: Paulo G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Coelho
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jimbo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D001706:Biopsy / Q000379:methods; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D002417:Cattle; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005549:Foreign-Body Reaction / Q000473:pathology; D064593:Heterografts / Q000637:transplantation*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D008437:Maxilla / Q000473:pathology; D008443:Maxillary Sinus / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D008903:Minerals / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D010865:Pilot Projects; D016062:Porosity; D059546:Sinus Floor Augmentation / Q000379:methods*; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: C077540:Bio-Oss; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D008903:Minerals; D014025:Titanium