title: Effect of smoking on the survival of dental implants.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although the long-term success of implant treatment has been well- established, failures can still occur and the smoking habit has been reported as a risk factor for implant loss. A literature review on the effects of smoking on the survival of dental implants was undertaken.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Medline database was used to carry out the review with the keywords "osseointegration", "smoking" and "bone healing". The cigarette has more than 4,000 bioactive chemical components with potential toxic effects to human tissues including bone. Nicotine is the main component of the cigarette and it is frequently associated with bone healing failures. Since smoking negatively affects the osseointegration of dental implants, the main target is to quit the consumption of cigarettes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nevertheless, the smoking habit should not be an absolute contraindication for implant treatment, but, patients should be advised that they are at a greater risk of implant failure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Aracatuba Dental School, University of State of Sao Paulo, Aracatuba, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Aline Satie
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Takamiya
authors.forename: Marcelo Coelho
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Goiato
authors.forename: Humberto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gennari Filho
mesh_terms: D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D015921:Dental Implants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D009538:Nicotine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants; D009538:Nicotine