title: Effects of moderate exercise over different phases on age-related physiological dysfunction in testes of SAMP8 mice.
abstract: Oxidative stress and chronic inflammation have been implicated in the testicular aging process. Different types and moderate-intensity of regular exercise may reduce age-related physiological dysfunction associated with inflammation and oxidative stress, but such effects of moderate-intensity of exercise over different phases of life in testes have not been reported. In this study, male SAMP8 mice, a senescence-accelerated strain, were maintained as sedentary (sed) or subjected to daily 15-min periods of swimming exercise between ages of 2-7 months (lifelong), 2-4 months (earlier) or 5-7 months (late). Age-related changes, including serum testosterone levels and biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress were analyzed at the end of the experiment. All exercise groups showed significantly greater serum testosterone levels and decreased age-related inflammation and oxidative stress compared with the sedentary group. Exercise also increased expression and activity of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2), a transcriptional regulator of the cellular anti-oxidant system, and decreased expression and activity of nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κB), a mediator of inflammatory molecules, in the nucleus of testicular cells. However, lifelong and earlier groups generally showed significantly better protective effects than the late group against age-related physiological dysfunction in testes. Thus, lifelong exercise and earlier phase exercise were most effective in counteracting oxidative stress and inflammation and in preserving testes function through regulation of Nrf2 and NF-κB. These results advocate the benefits of lifelong exercise and emphasize a greater protection against male aging by instituting exercise earlier rather than late in life.
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Embryology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China.
authors.forename: Xiujun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Yanqing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bian
authors.forename: Yichong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Lixuan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Chunfang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Yongqing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Qingliang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Yine
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.forename: Siyun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.forename: Wenshuang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Fulu
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D019588:Aging, Premature / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009920:Orchitis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal; D013737:Testis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood; D000098682:Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2; D016328:NF-kappa B; C495636:Nfe2l2 protein, mouse; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D000098682:Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein; D013739:Testosterone; C077623:Ptgs2 protein, mouse; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2
keywords: Aging; CAT; Exercise; GPX; Inflammation; MDA; NF-κB; Nrf2; Nuclear factor kappa beta; Oxidative stress; P450scc; SAMP; StAR; Testosterone; catalase; cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme; glutathione peroxidase; malondialdehyde; nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor; senescence-accelerated strain; steroidogenic acute regulatory protein