title: Noninvasive brain stimulation in the study of the human visual system.
abstract: There are currently two techniques to manipulate brain function non-invasively: transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). These brain stimulation techniques work to cause long-term change within the brain. We have been combining noninvasive brain stimulation with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the plasticity of brain networks. When fMRI is used as an outcome measure, it is possible to identify the specificity of tDCS-modulated plasticity in a visual rehabilitation protocol. Alternatively, fMRI can be used as a guide for stimulation. Brain stimulation with TMS affects neural networks, and fMRI guidance combined with an understanding of network effects of TMS may improve TMS therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Bereson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Halko
authors.forename: Mark C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Eldaief
authors.forename: Alvaro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pascual-Leone
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D014785:Vision, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*