title: Lower docosahexaenoic acid concentrations in the postmortem prefrontal cortex of adult depressed suicide victims compared with controls without cardiovascular disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A growing body of evidence suggests that deficits in long-chain omega-3 (LCn-3) fatty acids may contribute to major depressive disorder (MDD) and principal causes of excess mortality including suicide and cardiovascular disease. In the present study we compared concentrations of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3), the principal LCn-3 fatty acid in brain, in the postmortem prefrontal cortex (BA10) of adult depressed suicide victims and controls with and/or without cardiovascular disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  DHA concentrations (μmol/g) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC, BA10) of adult male and female suicide victims (n = 20) and controls with (n = 8) or without (n = 12) cardiovascular disease were determined by gas chromatography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a non-significant trend for lower DHA concentrations in suicide victims compared with all controls (-10%, p = 0.06, d = 0.5). Significantly lower DHA concentrations were observed in suicide victims compared with controls without cardiovascular disease (-14%, p = 0.03, d = 0.7) but not controls with cardiovascular disease (-4%, p = 0.71, d = 0.1). There was a non-significant trend for lower DHA concentrations in controls with cardiovascular disease compared with controls without cardiovascular disease (-11%, p = 0.1, d = 0.6).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adult depressed suicide victims exhibit lower postmortem PFC DHA concentrations compared with controls without cardiovascular disease. These data add to a growing body of evidence implicating DHA deficits in the pathophysiology of MDD, suicide, and cardiovascular disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Medical Science Building, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0559, USA. robert.mcnamara@uc.edu
authors.forename: Robert K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: McNamara
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jandacek
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tso
authors.forename: Yogesh
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dwivedi
authors.forename: Xinguo
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Ghanshyam N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Pandey
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D003863:Depression / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011180:Postmortem Changes; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000378:metabolism*; D013405:Suicide / Q000523:psychology*
chemical_list: D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids
keywords: Adolescent; Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA); Omega-3 fatty acid; Postmortem brain; Prefrontal cortex; Suicide