title: A primer on the unique challenges of female soldiers' reproductive issues in a war-ready culture.
abstract: In 1951, a U.S. Presidential Executive Order outlined regulations governing the involuntary separation of women from military service in the event of pregnancy, parenting, or giving live birth while on commissioned service. Subsequent public law and court decisions have changed the rules on female soldier pregnancy and parenting. Initially capped at 2%, maximum allowable percentage of the military, female soldiers now comprise over 14% of the U.S. active duty military, numbering over 200,000. The issues of sexuality, family planning, pregnancy, breast feeding, and family care are unique in this population and affect soldier readiness and deployment planning. Many of these challenges are amenable to physician intervention and guidance to ameliorate the barriers to service. Both clinicians and policy makers should be attentive to advancing a system that affords equal opportunity and optimizes health for all service members.
authors.affiliation: Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 601 North Caroline Street, Suite 7143, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
authors.forename: April S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Fitzgerald
authors.forename: Rita L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Duboyce
authors.forename: Joan B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Ritter
authors.forename: Deborah J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Omori
authors.forename: Barbara A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: Patrick G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: O'Malley
mesh_terms: D005193:Family Planning Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008889:Military Personnel / Q000523:psychology*; D016487:Parenting / Q000523:psychology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D014481:United States; D014857:Warfare