title: Lung resection for lung cancer after pleural empyema.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The association of pleural empyema and lung cancer has traditionally been considered as a contraindication for lung resection. However, several aspects of this problem still remain controversial.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study was conducted including 15 patients (12 pneumonectomies and 3 lobectomies) who underwent a lung resection for primary lung cancer after previous pleural empyema.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all but one patient, empyema was treated by chest tube for 15 to 40 days. In only two patients, the diagnosis of empyema preceded the diagnosis of lung cancer. Among patients with pneumonectomy, a good intrapleural cleavage plane existed in only one patient with no signs of infection. In each patient with a lobectomy, preoperative chest tube aspiration took 20 to 30 days and in none of them intraoperative signs of infection existed. In patients with pneumonectomy, empyema without bronchopleural fistula occurred in two patients, while in one patient, empyema was associated with fistula. The operative morbidity after pneumonectomy was 33.3%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Association of pleural empyema and lung cancer is not an absolute contraindication for surgery. Potentially curative operation is possible, provided a full control of infection is achieved.
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Thoracic Surgery, Clinical Center of Serbia, University of Belgrade, School of Medicine, Visegradska, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Dragan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Subotic
authors.forename: Danail
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Petrov
authors.forename: Milan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gajic
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015505:Chest Tubes; D000075202:Contraindications; D004322:Drainage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000401:mortality; D016724:Empyema, Pleural / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018579:Patient Selection; D011013:Pneumonectomy / Q000401:mortality; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D055771:Serbia; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome