title: Alpha-galactosidase versus active charcoal for improving sonographic visualization of abdominal organs in patients with excessive intestinal gas.
abstract: Intestinal gas is a frequent cause of poor visualization during gastrointestinal ultrasound (US). The enzyme alpha-galactosidase may reduce intestinal gas production, thereby improving abdominal US visualization. We compared the efficacies of alpha-galactosidase and active charcoal in improving US visualization in patients with previous unsatisfactory abdominal US scans caused by excessive intestinal gas.
  
  
  METHODS
  45 patients with poor visualization of at least one target organ: pancreas, hepatic lobes (score 0-2) or common bile duct (CBD) (score 0-1) were enrolled in a prospective randomized, crossover, observer-blinded study. The patients received alpha-galactosidase (Sinaire Forte, Promefarm, Milan, Italy) 600 GalU t.i.d. for 2 days before abdominal US plus 900 GalU the morning of exam or active charcoal 448 mg t.i.d., for 2 days before the exam plus 672 mg the morning of the exam. Visualization was graded as follows: 0 = none (complete gas interference); 1 = severe interference, 2 = moderate interference, 3 = mild interference; 4 = complete (no gas interference).
  
  
  RESULTS
  42 patients completed the study. Both alpha-galactosidase and active charcoal improved the visualization of target organs. Visualization of the right hepatic lobe, CBD and pancreatic tail was significantly improved (vs. baseline) only by alpha-galactosidase (p < 0.01). Scores ≥3 for all parts of the pancreas and both hepatic lobes were achieved in only 12.5% of the patients after both treatments. Both products were well tolerated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Alpha-galactosidase and active charcoal can improve US visualization of abdominal organs in patients whose scans are frequently unsatisfactory due to excessive intestinal gas. Visualization of the pancreatic tail and right hepatic lobe was significantly improved only by alpha-galactosidase. However, both treatments allowed adequate visualization of all target organs during the same examination only in a few patients.
authors.affiliation: Chair of Gastroenterology, Department of Clinical Sciences, L. Sacco University Hospital, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Maconi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bolzacchini
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Radice
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marzocchi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Badini
keywords: Abdominal ultrasonography; Active charcoal; Alpha-galactosidase; Intestinal gas