title: There's more to the picture than meets the eye: nitric oxide cross talk with Ca2+ signaling.
abstract: Calcium and nitric oxide (NO) are two important biological messengers. Increasing evidence indicates that Ca(2+) and NO work together in mediating responses to pathogenic microorganisms and microbe-associated molecular patterns. Ca(2+) fluxes were recognized to account for NO production, whereas evidence gathered from a number of studies highlights that NO is one of the key messengers mediating Ca(2+) signaling. Here, we present a concise description of the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the cross talk between Ca(2+) and NO in plant cells exposed to biotic stress. Particular attention will be given to the involvement of cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels and Ca(2+) sensors. Notably, we provide new evidence that calmodulin might be regulated at the posttranslational level by NO through S-nitrosylation. Furthermore, we report original transcriptomic data showing that NO produced in response to oligogalacturonide regulates the expression of genes related to Ca(2+) signaling. Deeper insight into the molecules involved in the interplay between Ca(2+) and NO not only permits a better characterization of the Ca(2+) signaling system but also allows us to further understand how plants respond to pathogen attack.
authors.affiliation: AgroSup Dijon, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, BP 86510, F-21000 Dijon, France.
authors.forename: Sylvain
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jeandroz
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Lamotte
authors.forename: Jérémy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Astier
authors.forename: Sumaira
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rasul
authors.forename: Pauline
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Trapet
authors.forename: Angélique
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Besson-Bard
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bourque
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Nicolas-Francès
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Gerald A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Berkowitz
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wendehenne
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D020013:Calcium Signaling; D002147:Calmodulin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D057865:Plant Immunity / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D002147:Calmodulin; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D002118:Calcium