title: Higher isolation of NDM-1 producing Acinetobacter baumannii from the sewage of the hospitals in Beijing.
abstract: Multidrug resistant microbes present in the environment are a potential public health risk. In this study, we investigate the presence of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase 1 (NDM-1) producing bacteria in the 99 water samples in Beijing City, including river water, treated drinking water, raw water samples from the pools and sewage from 4 comprehensive hospitals. For the bla NDM-1 positive isolate, antimicrobial susceptibility testing was further analyzed, and Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) was performed to determine the genetic relationship among the NDM-1 producing isolates from sewage and human, as well as the clinical strains without NDM-1. The results indicate that there was a higher isolation of NDM-1 producing Acinetobacter baumannii from the sewage of the hospitals, while no NDM-1 producing isolates were recovered from samples obtained from the river, drinking, or fishpond water. Surprisingly, these isolates were markedly different from the clinical isolates in drug resistance and pulsed field gel electrophoresis profiles, suggesting different evolutionary relationships. Our results showed that the hospital sewage may be one of the diffusion reservoirs of NDM-1 producing bacteria.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chuanfu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Shaofu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Lihua
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.forename: Rongzhang
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.forename: Xuelin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Xiaofeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Daizhi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: An
authors.forename: Zhenjun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ligui
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jiajun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Pan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Liuyu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Klena
authors.forename: Hongbin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D040981:Acinetobacter baumannii / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D015780:Carbapenems / Q000494:pharmacology; D002681:China; D003227:Conjugation, Genetic; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000378:metabolism; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial / Q000187:drug effects; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010802:Phylogeny; D010957:Plasmids / Q000378:metabolism; D012722:Sewage / Q000382:microbiology*; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D015780:Carbapenems; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D012722:Sewage; D001618:beta-Lactamases; C552864:beta-lactamase NDM-1