title: Evolution of the K65R, K103N and M184V/I reverse transcriptase mutations in HIV-1-infected patients experiencing virological failure between 2005 and 2010.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the prevalence of the K65R, K103N and M184V/I resistance mutations in the reverse transcriptase (RT) region in HIV-1-infected patients failing antiretroviral-based regimens between the years 2005 and 2010.
  
  
  METHODS
  HIV-1-infected patients experiencing virological failure between 2005 and 2010 with RT genotypic resistance tests available at the time of virological failure were analysed. K65R, K103N and M184V/I mutation frequencies were determined each year. Statistical analyses were performed using Fisher's exact test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 9586 patients failing their antiretroviral-based regimens from 2005 to 2010, the prevalence of K65R tended to decrease (P = 0.054), while K103N and M184V/I mutation frequencies decreased significantly over time (P < 0.001). The increased use of a tenofovir/emtricitabine/efavirenz single-tablet regimen was associated with decreased selection of these mutations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The global prevalence of resistance-associated mutations to tenofovir, lamivudine/emtricitabine and efavirenz decreased over time between 2005 and 2010. Despite a stable rate of efavirenz and protease inhibitor use, this phenomenon can be explained by an increased use of single-tablet regimens, which simplify drug intake and maximize adherence.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Virologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Groupe Hospitalier Bichat-Claude Bernard, HUPNVS, Université Paris Diderot, Paris 7, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, EA4409, 75018 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Charpentier
authors.forename: Sidonie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lambert-Niclot
authors.forename: Benoit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Visseaux
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Morand-Joubert
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Storto
authors.forename: Lucile
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Larrouy
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Landman
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Calvez
authors.forename: Anne-Geneviève
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Marcelin
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Descamps
mesh_terms: D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014943:Global Health; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase / Q000235:genetics*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D020125:Mutation, Missense; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; C514824:reverse transcriptase, Human immunodeficiency virus 1; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase
keywords: resistance prevalence; single-tablet regimens