title: Pharmacogenomic biomarkers for personalized medicine.
abstract: Pharmacogenomics examines how the benefits and adverse effects of a drug vary among patients in a target population by analyzing genomic profiles of individual patients. Personalized medicine prescribes specific therapeutics that best suit an individual patient. Much current research focuses on developing genomic biomarkers to identify patients, to identify which patients would benefit from a treatment, have an adverse response, or no response at all, prior to treatment according to relevant differences in risk factors, disease types and/or responses to therapy. This review describes the use of the two personalized medicine biomarkers, prognostic and predictive, to classify patients into subgroups for treatment recommendation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Bioinformatics & Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, US FDA, 3900 NCTR Road, HFT-20, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. jamesj.chen@fda.hhs.gov
authors.forename: James J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Wei-Jiun
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Hung-Chia
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D054316:Biomarkers, Pharmacological; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D006801:Humans; D010597:Pharmacogenetics; D057285:Precision Medicine; D011379:Prognosis
chemical_list: D054316:Biomarkers, Pharmacological