title: Deep brain stimulation for obsessive-compulsive disorder affects language: a case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective treatment for patients with refractory neuropsychiatric disorders. Along with symptom improvement, DBS may have concurrent behavioral effects that help to unravel the role of specific brain circuitries in complex human behavior.
  
  
  METHODS
  This article reports on 2 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder who received DBS targeted at the nucleus accumbens that resulted in a temporary change of accent and use of vocabulary.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Changes in accent and speaking manners are most likely related to direct DBS stimulation effects of the electrode targeted at the nucleus accumbens. The shift in accent, resembling foreign accent syndrome after injuries in brain language centers, has not been reported before in the course of DBS. Induction of aggressive vocabulary may be related to transient hypomanic behavior after DBS.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Psychiatry and §Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; ‡Arq Psychotrauma Expert Group, Diemen, the Netherlands; ¶Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: A Rosaura
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Polak
authors.forename: Anke B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Witteveen
authors.forename: Mariska
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mantione
authors.forename: Martijn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Figee
authors.forename: Pelle
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: de Koning
authors.forename: Miranda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Olff
authors.forename: Pepijn
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: van den Munckhof
authors.forename: P Richard
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Schuurman
authors.forename: Damiaan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Denys
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007806:Language Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009714:Nucleus Accumbens / Q000502:physiology*; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000628:therapy*