title: Evidence for crossing the blood barrier of adult rat brain by human adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells during a 6-month period of post-transplantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Therapeutic promises of adult stem cells have been overshadowed by an elicited immune response, low maintenance of implanted cells or concerns regarding their migration to non-target sites. These problems might be lessened by the use of immune privilege cells and tissues for implantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, human adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hADMSCs) were stably transfected with a vector containing Turbo green fluorescent protein (GFP) and JRed, which allows tracing the cells after transplantation. Labeled hADMSCs were transplanted into the adult rat brain followed by assessment of their survival and migration during 6 months after transplantation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results indicate that there were no postsurgical complications, and the animals thrived after transplantation. The lesions of the surgical process were remarkable at the first weeks, and a high number of transplanted cells were accumulated around them. Cell populations declined over time as they partly migrated away from the injection sites; nonetheless, they were detectable at each examination time point. Although the cells could survive and remain at the injection site for up to 6 months, some of them drifted to spleen, which is an indication of their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the high survival rate of hADMSCs in the xenogenic condition, which is an ideal criterion in cell therapy, irregular migration tendency must be handled with caution.
authors.affiliation: Cell and Molecular Biotechnology Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Aliakbar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haddad-Mashadrizeh
authors.forename: Ahmad Reza
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Bahrami
authors.forename: Maryam M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Matin
authors.forename: Mohammad Amin
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Edalatmanesh
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zomorodipour
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fallah
authors.forename: Mossa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gardaneh
authors.forename: Naghmeh
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ahmadian Kia
authors.forename: Naser
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sanjarmoosavi
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology; D000818:Animals; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000166:cytology*; D002465:Cell Movement; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival; D064987:Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy / Q000379:methods; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006085:Graft Survival; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins
keywords: cell migration; cell survival; immune privilege; mesenchymal stromal cells; stem cell therapy; xenotransplantation