title: A wireless beta-microprobe based on pixelated silicon for in vivo brain studies in freely moving rats.
abstract: The investigation of neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the functional specificity of brain regions requires the development of technologies that are well adjusted to in vivo studies in small animals. An exciting challenge remains the combination of brain imaging and behavioural studies, which associates molecular processes of neuronal communications to their related actions. A pixelated intracerebral probe (PIXSIC) presents a novel strategy using a submillimetric probe for beta(+) radiotracer detection based on a pixelated silicon diode that can be stereotaxically implanted in the brain region of interest. This fully autonomous detection system permits time-resolved high sensitivity measurements of radiotracers with additional imaging features in freely moving rats. An application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) allows for parallel signal processing of each pixel and enables the wireless operation. All components of the detector were tested and characterized. The beta(+) sensitivity of the system was determined with the probe dipped into radiotracer solutions. Monte Carlo simulations served to validate the experimental values and assess the contribution of gamma noise. Preliminary implantation tests on anaesthetized rats proved PIXSIC's functionality in brain tissue. High spatial resolution allows for the visualization of radiotracer concentration in different brain regions with high temporal resolution.
authors.affiliation: CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France. julia.maerk@charite.de
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Märk
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Benoit
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Balasse
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Benoit
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Clémens
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fieux
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fougeron
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Graber-Bolis
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Janvier
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jevaud
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Genoux
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gisquet-Verrier
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Menouni
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pain
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pinot
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tourvielle
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zimmer
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Morel
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Laniece
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D008297:Male; D008904:Miniaturization; D057054:Molecular Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000662:veterinary; D018670:Monitoring, Ambulatory / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000662:veterinary; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000662:veterinary; D011868:Radioisotopes / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012825:Silicon / Q000737:chemistry*; D014159:Transducers / Q000662:veterinary; D059015:Wireless Technology / Q000295:instrumentation*
chemical_list: D011868:Radioisotopes; D012825:Silicon