title: Navigation to the graveyard-induction of various pathways of necrosis and their classification by flow cytometry.
abstract: Apoptosis and necrosis reflect the program of cell death employed by a dying cell and the final stage of death, respectively. Whereas apoptosis is defined as a physiological, highly organized cell death process, necrosis is commonly considered to be accidental and uncontrolled. Physiological and weak pathological death stimuli preferentially induce apoptosis, while harsh non-physiological insults often immediately instigate (primary) necrosis. If an apoptosing cell transits into a phase of plasma membrane disintegration, this stage of death is referred to as secondary or post-apoptotic necrosis.Here, we present several conditions that stimulate primary and/or secondary necrosis and show that necrosis displays considerably different time courses. For subclassification of necrotic phenotypes we employed a flow cytometric single-tube 4-color staining technique including annexin A5-FITC, propidium iodide, DiIC1(5), and Hoechst 33342.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Janko
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Munoz
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chaurio
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maueröder
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Berens
authors.forename: Kirsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lauber
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Herrmann
mesh_terms: D017304:Annexin A5 / Q000378:metabolism; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000378:metabolism; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D004249:DNA Damage; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods*; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D005615:Freezing; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D007700:Kinetics; D008555:Melitten / Q000494:pharmacology; D008627:Mercuric Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D009336:Necrosis / Q000473:pathology*; D010641:Phenotype; D011419:Propidium / Q000378:metabolism; D011489:Protein Denaturation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D017304:Annexin A5; D001562:Benzimidazoles; C492760:FITC-annexin A5; D008555:Melitten; D011419:Propidium; D008627:Mercuric Chloride; D004247:DNA; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate; C017807:bisbenzimide ethoxide trihydrochloride