title: A comprehensive analysis of transfection-assisted delivery of iron oxide nanoparticles to dendritic cells.
abstract: Polylysine (PL) has been used to facilitate dendritic cell (DC) uptake of super paramagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles for use in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In this work, we examined the effect of PL on cell toxicity and induction of cell maturation as manifested by the up-regulation of surface molecules. We found that PL became toxic to bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs) at the 10 μg/ml threshold. Incubation of BMDCs with 20 μg/ml of PL for 1h resulted in approximately 90% cell death. However, addition of SPIO nanoparticles rescued DCs from PL-induced death as the combination of SPIO with PL did not cause cytotoxicity until the PL concentration was 1000 μg/ml. Prolonged exposure to PL induced BMDC maturation as noted by the expression of surface molecules such as MHC class II, CD40, CCR7 and CD86. However, the combination of SPIO and PL did not induce BMDC maturation at 1h. However prolonged exposure to SPIO nanoparticles induced CD40 expression and protein expression of TNFα and KC. The data suggest that the use of PL to enhance the labeling of DCs with SPIO nanoparticles is a dedicated work. Appropriate calibration of the incubation time and concentrations of PL and SPIO nanoparticles is crucial to the development of MRI technology for noninvasive imaging of DCs in vivo.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The authors of this study present detailed data on toxicity and efficiency of polylysine-facilitated uptake of USPIO-s by dendritic cells for cell-specific MR imaging.
authors.affiliation: Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Toki
authors.forename: Reed A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Omary
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Gore
authors.forename: R Stokes
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Peebles
authors.forename: Wellington
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Pham
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D011107:Polylysine / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D016207:Cytokines; D004337:Drug Carriers; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; C000499:ferric oxide; D011107:Polylysine
keywords: Dendritic cells; Iron oxide nanoparticles; Nanotechnology; Polylysine; Transfection