title: Determination of fossil carbon content in Swedish waste fuel by four different methods.
abstract: This study aimed to determine the content of fossil carbon in waste combusted in Sweden by using four different methods at seven geographically spread combustion plants. In total, the measurement campaign included 42 solid samples, 21 flue gas samples, 3 sorting analyses and 2 investigations using the balance method. The fossil carbon content in the solid samples and in the flue gas samples was determined using (14)C-analysis. From the analyses it was concluded that about a third of the carbon in mixed Swedish waste (municipal solid waste and industrial waste collected at Swedish industry sites) is fossil. The two other methods (the balance method and calculations from sorting analyses), based on assumptions and calculations, gave similar results in the plants in which they were used. Furthermore, the results indicate that the difference between samples containing as much as 80% industrial waste and samples consisting of solely municipal solid waste was not as large as expected. Besides investigating the fossil content of the waste, the project was also established to investigate the usability of various methods. However, it is difficult to directly compare the different methods used in this project because besides the estimation of emitted fossil carbon the methods provide other information, which is valuable to the plant owner. Therefore, the choice of method can also be controlled by factors other than direct determination of the fossil fuel emissions when considering implementation in the combustion plants.
authors.affiliation: aÅbo Akademi University, Åbo, Finland.
authors.forename: Frida C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Evalena W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Blomqvist
authors.forename: Mattias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bisaillon
authors.forename: Daniel K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Lindberg
authors.forename: Mikko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hupa
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005579:Fossil Fuels; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis*; D055110:Radiometric Dating / Q000379:methods; D012037:Refuse Disposal; D062611:Solid Waste / Q000032:analysis*; D018505:Waste Management
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D005579:Fossil Fuels; D007220:Industrial Waste; D062611:Solid Waste
keywords: Waste combustion; Waste-to-Energy plant; fossil CO2-emission; radiocarbon method; solid waste