title: HIV-1 drug resistance in treatment-naive chronically infected patients in Jamaica.
abstract: HIV-1 drug resistance in treatment-naive patients has a significant impact on the individual patient as well as implications for the wider population. These effects are amplified in the context of resource-limited settings, which are rapidly expanding access to antiretroviral therapy.
  
  
  
  This cross-sectional survey at a single treatment site in Kingston, Jamaica was designed to identify the prevalence of HIV-1 drug-resistant mutations in chronically infected, treatment-naive patients. Mutations were identified using the Stanford HIV database algorithm and the World Health Organization (WHO) HIV Drug Resistance (HIVDR) surveillance mutations.
  
  
  
  The inclusion of 103 cases in the study resulted in 79 (76.6%) amplifiable samples. Genotype analysis revealed that 12.6% (95% CI 5.3, 19.9) were identified as having clinically significant mutations, while 10.1% (95% CI 3.5, 16.7) had WHO HIVDR surveillance mutations.
  
  
  
  According to the WHO standard, this study population has a moderate level of HIVDR in treatment-naive patients and strongly implies the need to introduce HIVDR surveillance in Jamaica.
authors.forename: Geoffrey J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Barrow
authors.forename: Tina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hylton-Kong
authors.forename: Nayra
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamamura
authors.forename: J Peter
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Figueroa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007563:Jamaica; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D019562:Viral Load; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents