title: Evolutionary relationship and structural characterization of the EPF/EPFL gene family.
abstract: EPF1-EPF2 and EPFL9/Stomagen act antagonistically in regulating leaf stomatal density. The aim of this study was to elucidate the evolutionary functional divergence of EPF/EPFL family genes. Phylogenetic analyses showed that AtEPFL9/Stomagen-like genes are conserved only in vascular plants and are closely related to AtEPF1/EPF2-like genes. Modeling showed that EPF/EPFL peptides share a common 3D structure that is constituted of a scaffold and loop. Molecular dynamics simulation suggested that AtEPF1/EPF2-like peptides form an additional disulfide bond in their loop regions and show greater flexibility in these regions than AtEPFL9/Stomagen-like peptides. This study uncovered the evolutionary relationship and the conformational divergence of proteins encoded by the EPF/EPFL family genes.
authors.affiliation: Forest Bio-Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Hitachi, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takata
authors.forename: Kiyonobu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yokota
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ohki
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kurita
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005075:Biological Evolution; D019068:Bryopsida / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D029441:Carica / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D046913:Medicago truncatula / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D056004:Molecular Dynamics Simulation; D012275:Oryza / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D028222:Picea / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D054046:Plant Stomata / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000235:genetics*; D011487:Protein Conformation; D032503:Selaginellaceae / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D015398:Signal Transduction; D045868:Sorghum / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C547253:EPF1 protein, Arabidopsis; C542689:EPF2 protein, Arabidopsis; C551854:EPFL9 protein, Arabidopsis; D014157:Transcription Factors