title: Quality assurance of rapid arc treatments: performances and pre-clinical verifications of a planar detector (MapCHECK2).
abstract: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the use of MapCHECK2 in a patient-specific quality assurance (QA) procedure for Rapid Arc (RA) radiotherapy and to obtain reference values of gamma index (γ) for different irradiation geometries. Dose distributions of 386 patients, optimized with Eclipse treatment planning system for RA on Varian Clinac 2300IX were exported and measured with MapCHECK2 detector array inserted in a MapPHAN dedicated phantom. Gamma index analysis was used to evaluate differences between calculated and delivered doses; collected data were analysed on the basis of complexity of plans and type of disease. Angular dependence and dose drift of detectors were estimated. The overall mean passing rate (percentage of points with γ < 1) was equal to 97.0% ± 3.1%; plan-specific evaluation of %γ < 1 showed significant differences among different treatment protocols (pancreas 98.6% ± 1.5%, prostate 96.6% ± 2.8% and rectum 92.8% ± 5.7%). MapCHECK2 demonstrated a strong angular dependence over a restricted range of angles (90° ± 5° and 270° ± 5°); this condition affected the result of pre-treatment QA only for plans with intense lateral fluence. The drift of diode array response due to the accumulated dose was found to be comparable with the manufacturer's declaration (0.5% per 1000 Gy). MapCHECK2 proved to be a useful and accurate tool in the process of patient-specific QA for RA treatment. Excluding the irradiation geometries with a high contribution of lateral fluence, the mean percentage of cases with γ-index > 95% equal to 90.3% was obtained instead of 81.7% including all plans.
authors.affiliation: Medical Physics Department, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy. Electronic address: giuseppe.rinaldin@gmail.com.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rinaldin
authors.affiliation: Medical Physics Department, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Perna
authors.affiliation: Medical Physics Department, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Agnello
authors.affiliation: Medical Physics Department, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pallazzi
authors.affiliation: Medical Physics Department, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Cattaneo
authors.affiliation: Medical Physics Department, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fiorino
authors.affiliation: Medical Physics Department, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Calandrino
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D050397:Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012984:Software; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: MapCHECK; QA; Rapid arc; Rotational IMRT