title: Study of process variables in supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of soybeans.
abstract: Soybean flakes were extracted using supercritical carbon dioxide at 48.3 MPa and 80 °C, which is a higher temperature than previously reported. Several operational parameters were explored to determine their effect on extractions. Flakes, as typically used in this industry, provided the best extraction performance. Particle size distributions were created through grinding. Reducing average particle diameters smaller than 0.069 mm had no appreciable effect on increasing extraction efficiencies. Exploration of flow rate indicated that a residence time of less than 60 s for the supercritical carbon dioxide would be sufficient for complete extractions. A solvent mass to load mass ratio of 10:1 was found to be sufficient for extraction of oils from soybean flakes. Increasing moisture in the soybeans led to decreasing extraction efficiency of oils. Finally, soybean hulls had no effect on extraction efficiency. Thus, the de-hulling procedure can be removed from the extraction process without decreasing extraction efficiency.
authors.affiliation: 1Biological Engineering Department, University of Missouri, USA.
authors.forename: Nikolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wilkinson
authors.forename: Ramsey
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hilton
authors.forename: Doug
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hendry
authors.forename: Chandrasekar
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Venkitasamy
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jacoby
mesh_terms: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D025924:Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D010316:Particle Size; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry*; D012997:Solvents; D013025:Glycine max / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D010938:Plant Oils; D012997:Solvents; D002245:Carbon Dioxide
keywords: Supercritical CO2; extraction; soybean; soybean flakes