title: Evaluation of cariogenic potential of dry powder inhalers: A case-control study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) are commonly employed in the management of asthma and other diseases with airway obstruction. A causal relationship of DPI use and occurrence of dental caries has been speculated. The present case-control study was therefore designed to examine the potential link between dental caries and specific use of dry powder inhalers in patients with bronchial asthma.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present study was conducted on 100 asthmatic patients aged between 10 and 45 years who were using DPIs for at least one year. The control group (n = 100) was selected from non-asthmatic individuals and were matched with the study group with respect to age, gender, and socio-economic status.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results revealed that asthmatic subjects exhibited higher occurrence of dental caries in comparison to control group, but the difference was statistically non-significant. The mean decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) indices scores in asthmatic and control group were found to be 1.71 ± 2.34 SD and 1.46 ± 1.89 SD (P = 0.408), respectively. Likewise, the mean decayed, missing, and filled surfaces (DMFS) indices scores in both the groups were 2.41 ± 3.84 SD and 2.34 ± 4.48 SD (P = 0.90). However, increased frequency of DPI use was associated with significant risk of caries (P = 0.01). It has been observed that oral rinsing after an inhaler use limited the occurrence of dental caries to a certain extent although was non significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dry powder inhaler use in patients with bronchial asthma was not associated with significant risk of dental caries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Jaipur Dental College, Dhand, Rajasthan, India.
authors.forename: Navneet
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Godara
authors.forename: Megha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khullar
authors.forename: Ramya
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Godara
authors.forename: Virendra
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Singh
keywords: Asthma; dental caries; dry powder inhalers