title: Association between polymorphisms in leptin, leptin receptor, and β-adrenergic receptor genes and bone mineral density in postmenopausal Korean women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms in leptin (LEP), leptin receptor (LEPR), and β-adrenergic receptor (ADRB) genes and bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal Korean women.
  
  
  METHODS
  LEP c.280G>A, LEPR c.326A>G, LEPR c.668A>G, LEPR c.1968G>C, LEPR c.2096C>T, ADRB2 c.46A>G, ADRB2 c.79C>G, ADRB2 c.718T>C, ADRB2 c.741G>T, ADRB2 c.769G>A, and ADRB3 c.190T>C polymorphisms were analyzed in 592 postmenopausal Korean women. Serum levels of leptin, soluble leptin receptor, osteoprotegerin, soluble receptor activator of the nuclear factor-κB ligand, bone alkaline phosphatase, and carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen were measured, and BMDs at the lumbar spine and femoral neck were also examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the polymorphisms measured, only the LEPR c.1968G>C polymorphism was found to be associated with BMD at the femoral neck, and higher BMD was observed with increasing number of G alleles (P = 0.04). Osteoporosis at the femoral neck was 3.27 and 3.89 times more frequently observed in the AG and GG genotypes than in the AA genotype in the ADRB2 c.46A>G polymorphism (P = 0.024 and P = 0.015, respectively). However, no significant differences in serum levels of leptin, soluble leptin receptor, free leptin index, osteoprotegerin, soluble receptor activator of the nuclear factor-κB ligand, and bone turnover markers were detected among single and haplotype genotypes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that the LEPR c.1968G>C polymorphism may be one of the genetic factors affecting femoral neck BMD in postmenopausal Korean women and that an analysis of the ADRB2 c.46A>G polymorphism may be useful in identifying women at risk for osteoporosis at the femoral neck.
authors.affiliation: From the 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; 2Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea; and 3Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Woman's University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hee Jun
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hoon
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Seung-Yup
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Ku
authors.forename: Young Min
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Jong Hak
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jung Gu
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics*; D015415:Biomarkers; D015519:Bone Density / Q000235:genetics*; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005272:Femur Neck / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D053244:Osteoprotegerin / Q000097:blood; D010455:Peptides / Q000097:blood; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000235:genetics*; D053245:RANK Ligand / Q000097:blood; D011859:Radiography; D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2 / Q000235:genetics*; D022702:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3 / Q000235:genetics; D054411:Receptors, Leptin / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D056910:Republic of Korea
chemical_list: C553443:ADRB2 protein, human; C568534:ADRB3 protein, human; D015415:Biomarkers; D024042:Collagen Type I; D020738:Leptin; D053244:Osteoprotegerin; D010455:Peptides; D053245:RANK Ligand; D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2; D022702:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3; D054411:Receptors, Leptin; C052929:collagen type I trimeric cross-linked peptide; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase