title: Differential response of the cynomolgus macaque gut microbiota to Shigella infection.
abstract: Little is known about the role of gut microbiota in response to live oral vaccines against enteric pathogens. We examined the effect of immunization with an oral live-attenuated Shigella dysenteriae 1 vaccine and challenge with wild-type S. dysenteriae 1 on the fecal microbiota of cynomolgus macaques using 16 S rRNA analysis of fecal samples. Multi-dimensional cluster analysis identified different bacterial community types within macaques from geographically distinct locations. The fecal microbiota of Mauritian macaques, observed to be genetically distinct, harbored a high-diversity community and responded differently to Shigella immunization, as well as challenge compared to the microbiota in non-Mauritian macaques. While both macaque populations exhibited anti-Shigella antibody responses, clinical shigellosis was observed only among non-Mauritian macaques. These studies highlight the importance of further investigation into the possible protective role of the microbiota against enteric pathogens and consideration of host genetic backgrounds in conducting vaccine studies.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.
authors.forename: Anna M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Seekatz
authors.forename: Aruna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Panda
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Rasko
authors.forename: Franklin R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Toapanta
authors.forename: Emiley A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Eloe-Fadrosh
authors.forename: Abdul Q
authors.initials: AQ
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Zhenqiu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Steven T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Shipley
authors.forename: Louis J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Detolla
authors.forename: Marcelo B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Sztein
authors.forename: Claire M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Fraser
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D004405:Dysentery, Bacillary / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000382:microbiology; D014644:Genetic Variation; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D008252:Macaca fascicularis / Q000382:microbiology*; D008297:Male; D064307:Microbiota / Q000235:genetics*; D058889:Molecular Typing; D010802:Phylogeny; D012329:RNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D022281:Shigella Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012762:Shigella dysenteriae / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D014611:Vaccination; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D012329:RNA, Bacterial; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D022281:Shigella Vaccines; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated