title: Esophagogastric Junction pressure morphology: comparison between a station pull-through and real-time 3D-HRM representation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Esophagogastric junction (EGJ) competence is the fundamental defense against reflux making it of great clinical significance. However, characterizing EGJ competence with conventional manometric methodologies has been confounded by its anatomic and physiological complexity. Recent technological advances in miniaturization and electronics have led to the development of a novel device that may overcome these challenges.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine volunteer subjects were studied with a novel 3D-HRM device providing 7.5 mm axial and 45° radial pressure resolution within the EGJ. Real-time measurements were made at rest and compared to simulations of a conventional pull-through made with the same device. Moreover, 3D-HRM recordings were analyzed to differentiate contributing pressure signals within the EGJ attributable to lower esophageal sphincter (LES), diaphragm, and vasculature.
  
  
  RESULTS
  3D-HRM recordings suggested that sphincter length assessed by a pull-through method greatly exaggerated the estimate of LES length by failing to discriminate among circumferential contractile pressure and asymmetric extrinsic pressure signals attributable to diaphragmatic and vascular structures. Real-time 3D EGJ recordings found that the dominant constituents of EGJ pressure at rest were attributable to the diaphragm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  3D-HRM permits real-time recording of EGJ pressure morphology facilitating analysis of the EGJ constituents responsible for its function as a reflux barrier making it a promising tool in the study of GERD pathophysiology. The enhanced axial and radial recording resolution of the device should facilitate further studies to explore perturbations in the physiological constituents of EGJ pressure in health and disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611-2951, USA. fnicodeme@gmail.com
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nicodème
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Pandolfino
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Kahrilas
mesh_terms: D003679:Deglutition / Q000502:physiology; D049630:Esophageal Sphincter, Lower / Q000502:physiology*; D004943:Esophagogastric Junction / Q000502:physiology*; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008365:Manometry / Q000379:methods
keywords: esophagogastric junction; gastroesophageal reflux disease; high pressure zone; lower esophageal sphincter; three-dimensional high-resolution manometry