title: Activity of chitosan-encapsulated Eucalyptus staigeriana essential oil on Haemonchus contortus.
abstract: Phytotherapy has been described as an alternative method for the control of gastrointestinal nematodes in small ruminants. Goal of the encapsulation of essential oils in biopolymer matrices is to optimize the biological effects of these oils. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo anthelmintic activity of encapsulated Eucalyptus staigeriana essential oil (EncEs) on the eggs and larvae of Haemonchus contortus. Therefore, the egg hatching test (EHT), larval development test (LDT) and worm load evaluation were performed to evaluate Meriones unguiculatus experimentally infected with H. contortus. The chemical constituents of E. staigeriana essential oil (EsEO) and the in vitro oil release profile from the chitosan matrix at a pH of 1.2 and 7.0 were also characterized. EncEs and EsEO inhibited larval hatching by 97.19% and 99.96% at doses of 1.5 and 1.0 mg ml(-1), respectively. In the LDT, EncEs and EsEO induced a larvicidal effect greater than 95% at concentrations of 5.8 and 8 mg ml(-1), respectively. EncEs and EsEO decreased H. contortus load in M. unguiculatus by 40.51% and 46.44%, respectively. The major chemical constituents of EsEO were (+)-Limonene (72.9%), 1,8-Cineole (9.5%) and o-Cimene (4.6%). The release profile of EsEO was 30% in acid and 25% at neutral pH. The similar efficacy of EncEs and EsEO demonstrates that there was no optimization of anthelmintic action following the encapsulation process. Therefore, the use of new encapsulation matrices with controlled release in the pH of the abomasum should be investigated.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Wesley Lyeverton Correia
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.forename: Iara Tersia Freitas
authors.initials: IT
authors.lastname: Macedo
authors.forename: Jessica Maria Leite
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: dos Santos
authors.forename: Erick Falcão
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.forename: Ana Lourdes Fernandes
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Camurça-Vasconcelos
authors.forename: Haroldo Cesar Beserra
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: de Paula
authors.forename: Claudia Maria Leal
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Bevilaqua
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D048271:Chitosan; D005052:Eucalyptus / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000469:parasitology; D005849:Gerbillinae; D006188:Haemonchiasis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000469:parasitology; D006189:Haemonchus / Q000187:drug effects*; D020100:Hydrogels; D008297:Male; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011897:Random Allocation
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D020100:Hydrogels; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010938:Plant Oils; D048271:Chitosan
keywords: Anthelmintic; Biopolymer; Meriones unguiculatus; Phytotherapy