title: Risk assessment of xenoestrogens in a typical domestic sewage-holding lake in China.
abstract: Release of domestic sewage leads to accumulation of xenoestrogens in holding waters, especially in closed or semi-enclosed waters such as lakes. In the study, the occurrence, distribution, estrogenic activity and risk of eight xenoestreogens were evaluated in Lake Donghu, China. Nonylphenol (NP), octylphenol (OP), and bisphenol A (BPA) were identified as the main xenoestrogens ranging from tens of ngL(-1) (in the surface water) or ng g(-1)dw (in the suspended particles and sediment) to tens of μgL(-1) or μg g(-1)dw. The sum of 17β-estradiol equivalents (∑EEQs) ranged from 0.32 to 45.02 ngL(-1) in the surface water, 0.53 to 71.86 ng g(-1)dw in the suspended particles, and 0.09 to 24.73 ng g(-1)dw in the sediment. Diethylstilbestrol (DES) was determined as the main contributor to ∑EEQs followed by NP. The risk assessment showed a higher risk in the surface water than in the suspended particles and sediment in such domestic sewage-holding lake.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China.
authors.forename: Shiwei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Fangxing
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Heping
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Weiping
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000032:analysis; D002681:China; D004054:Diethylstilbestrol / Q000032:analysis; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004958:Estradiol / Q000032:analysis; D004967:Estrogens / Q000032:analysis*; D004970:Estrone / Q000032:analysis; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry; D060106:Lakes / Q000737:chemistry; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry*; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D004054:Diethylstilbestrol; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D004958:Estradiol; D004967:Estrogens; D004970:Estrone; D010636:Phenols; D012722:Sewage; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C474055:octylphenol; C025256:nonylphenol; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
keywords: 17α-ethinylestradiol; 17β-Estradiol equivalent; 17β-estradiol; 17β-estradiol equivalency factor; 17β-estradiol equivalent; BPA; DES; E1; E2; E3; EE2; EEF; EEQ; MSTFA; N-methyl-N-trimethylsilyl trifluoroacetamide; NP; OP; PNEC; RQ; Risk assessment; Sediment; Surface water; Suspended particles; TOC; Xenoestrogens; bisphenol A; diethylstilbestrol; estriol; estrone; nonylphenol; octylphenol; predicted no effect concentration; risk quotient; total organic carbon