title: Effect of winter school breaks on influenza-like illness, Argentina, 2005-2008.
abstract: School closures are used to reduce seasonal and pandemic influenza transmission, yet evidence of their effectiveness is sparse. In Argentina, annual winter school breaks occur during the influenza season, providing an opportunity to study this intervention. We used 2005-2008 national weekly surveillance data of visits to a health care provider for influenza-like illness (ILI) from all provinces. Using Serfling-specified Poisson regressions and population-based census denominators, we developed incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for the 3 weeks before, 2 weeks during, and 3 weeks after the break. For persons 5-64 years of age, IRRs were <1 for at least 1 week after the break. Observed rates returned to expected by the third week after the break; overall decrease among persons of all ages was 14%. The largest decrease was among children 5-14 years of age during the week after the break (37% lower IRR). Among adults, effects were weaker and delayed. Two-week winter school breaks significantly decreased visits to a health care provider for ILI among school-aged children and nonelderly adults.
authors.affiliation: Office of Public Health Preparedness and Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Mailstop D14, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. RGarza@cdc.gov
authors.forename: Roberto C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Garza
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Basurto-Dávila
authors.forename: Ismael R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Ortega-Sanchez
authors.forename: Luis Oreste
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: Carlino
authors.forename: Martin I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Meltzer
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Albalak
authors.forename: Karina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Balbuena
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Orellano
authors.forename: Marc-Alain
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Widdowson
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Averhoff
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001118:Argentina / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000266:history; D008875:Middle Aged; D062486:Public Health Surveillance; D012574:Schools; D012621:Seasons; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Argentina; Influenza; community mitigation; respiratory infections; school closure; social isolation; viruses; winter