title: Endothelial dysfunction associated with mild cognitive impairment in elderly population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  According to the original Petersen criteria, we investigated the association between endothelial dysfunction and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) by flow-mediated dilation (FMD). We aimed to verify if endothelial dysfunction occurs in MCI and whether vascular factors are implicated in the MCI pathogenesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a cross-sectional study performed on 34 subjects with clinical diagnosis of MCI and 37 controls, older than 60 years. Patients were enrolled from a geriatric outpatient clinic. All the recognized cardiovascular risk factors and an objective state of cognitive impairment were used as exclusion criteria. Cognitive function was evaluated using a scientific-validated neuropsychological battery, whereas MCI was recognized according to the Petersen criteria. Endothelial function was evaluated according to FMD from the brachial artery. The association between FMD and MCI was evaluated both by using a multivariate analysis and a correlation test. Finally, using the ANOVA analysis of variance, we tested the differences in flow-mediated dilation among MCI subgroups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Brachial FMD was significantly associated with MCI (p < 0.01). The multivariate analysis showed that age, years of education and MMSE independently predicted the FMD variation (r (2)  = 0.73; p < 0.0001). In addition, MCI patients with prevalent amnestic multiple domain impairment showed the worst brachial FMD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This finding suggests that vascular dysfunction may play a role in the pathogenesis of cognitive impairment and underlines the lack of therapeutic strategies targeted to such dysfunctions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Geriatrics, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy. g.vendemiale@unifg.it
authors.forename: Gianluigi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vendemiale
authors.forename: Antonino D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Romano
authors.forename: Mariangela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dagostino
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Matthaeis
authors.forename: Gaetano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Serviddio
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D014463:Ultrasonography