title: A review on ochratoxin A transcriptomic studies.
abstract: The mycotoxin Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a potent renal carcinogen in male rats. Transcriptomic studies on OTA (4 in vitro, 6 in vivo, 2 in vitro/in vivo) have been reviewed. The aim of 6 of them was mainly mechanistic whereas the rest had mostly predictive (1) or evaluation (5) purposes. An overall tendency towards gene expression downregulation was observed, probably as a result of protein synthesis inhibition. DNA damage response genes were not deregulated in most of the studies. Genes involved in acute renal injury, cell survival and cell proliferation were upregulated in several in vivo studies. Apoptosis genes were deregulated in vitro but less affected in vivo; activation of several MAPKs has been observed. Many genes related to oxidative stress or involved in cell-to-cell interaction pathways (Wnt) or cytoskeleton structure appeared to be deregulated either in vitro or in vivo. Regucalcin was highly downregulated in vivo and other calcium homeostasis genes were significantly deregulated in vitro. Genes related to OTA transport (OATs) and metabolism (CYPs) appeared downregulated in vivo. Overall, the mechanism of action of OTA remains unclear, however transcriptomic data have contributed to new mechanistic hypothesis generation and to in vitro-in vivo comparison.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain. avettora@unav.es
authors.forename: Ariane
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vettorazzi
authors.forename: Joost
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van Delft
authors.forename: Adela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: López de Cerain
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000633:toxicity*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000633:toxicity*; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009793:Ochratoxins / Q000633:toxicity*; D059467:Transcriptome / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D009183:Mycotoxins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D009793:Ochratoxins; C025589:ochratoxin A
keywords: Gene expression; Microarrays; Mycotoxin; Ochratoxin A; Toxicogenomics; Transcriptomics