title: Graphene nanoribbon and nanostructured SnO2 composite anodes for lithium ion batteries.
abstract: A composite made from graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) and tin oxide (SnO2) nanoparticles (NPs) is synthesized and used as the anode material for lithium ion batteries (LIBs). The conductive GNRs, prepared using sodium/potassium unzipping of multiwall carbon nanotubes, can boost the lithium storage performance of SnO2 NPs. The composite, as an anode material for LIBs, exhibits reversible capacities of over 1520 and 1130 mAh/g for the first discharge and charge, respectively, which is more than the theoretical capacity of SnO2. The reversible capacity retains ~825 mAh/g at a current density of 100 mA/g with a Coulombic efficiency of 98% after 50 cycles. Further, the composite shows good power performance with a reversible capacity of ~580 mAh/g at the current density of 2 A/g. The high capacity, good power performance and retention can be attributed to uniformly distributed SnO2 NPs along the high-aspect-ratio GNRs. The GNRs act as conductive additives that buffer the volume changes of SnO2 during cycling. This work provides a starting point for exploring the composites made from GNRs and other transition metal oxides for lithium storage applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Zhiwei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Changsheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.forename: Gedeng
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ruan
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Natelson
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Tour
mesh_terms: D011211:Electric Power Supplies; D004566:Electrodes; D004735:Energy Transfer; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry*; D007477:Ions; D008094:Lithium / Q000737:chemistry*; D008422:Materials Testing; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D017971:Tin Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D007477:Ions; D017971:Tin Compounds; D006108:Graphite; D008094:Lithium; C045358:stannic oxide