title: Novel gel-niosomes formulations as multicomponent systems for transdermal drug delivery.
abstract: The percutaneous permeation profiles of sulfadiazine sodium salt, propranolol hydrochloride and tyrosol from novel liquid crystal-niosomes formulations as multicomponent systems, were investigated. The new carriers were prepared from mixture of water/surfactant, AOT or Pluronic L64 as anionic and nonionic surfactants, respectively, in order to obtain lamellar LLC phases. The same surfactants were used to prepare also the vesicular systems (niosomes) that were added to the corresponding gel. The obtained multicomponent drug carrier was characterized by deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, in order to understand if the introduction of the drug or drug-loaded niosomal suspension, as third component in the formulations, could influence the microstructure of the system and then the drug delivery across the skin. Simple AOT and L64-based niosomal formulations and LLCs phases were then prepared and used as control. Different drugs percutaneous availability was achieved, and the results revealed that the obtained gel-niosomes carriers were affected by the chemical structure of the drugs and by their affinity for the components. As a consequence these systems could be proposed as novel transdermal drug delivery systems, since they were found able to control the percutaneous permeation of small drugs across the skin.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione, Università della Calabria, Ed. Polifunzionale, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy.
authors.forename: Lorena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tavano
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gentile
authors.forename: Cesare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Oliviero Rossi
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Muzzalupo
mesh_terms: D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D005782:Gels / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D008081:Liposomes / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D013499:Surface Properties; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D005782:Gels; D008081:Liposomes; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D014867:Water