title: Swedish version of the multi dimensional health assessment questionnaire -- translation and psychometric evaluation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Health assessment measurements for patients with Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have to be meaningful, valid and relevant. A commonly used questionnaire for patients with RA is the Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ), which has been available in Swedish since 1988. The HAQ has been revised and improved several times and the latest version is the Multi Dimensional Health Assessment Questionnaire (MDHAQ). The aim of this study was to translate the MDHAQ to Swedish conditions and to test the validity and reliability of this version for persons with RA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Translation and adaption of the MDHAQ were performed according to guidelines by Guillemin et al. The translated version was tested for face validity and test-retest in a group of 30 patients with RA. Content validity, criterion validity and internal consistency were tested in a larger study group of 83 patients with RA. Reliability was tested with test-retest and Cronbach´s alpha for internal consistency. Two aspects of validity were explored: content and criterion validity. Content validity was tested with a content validity index.Criterion validity was tested with concurrent validity by exploring the correlation between the MDHAQ-S and the AIMS2-SF. Floor and ceiling effects were explored.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Test-retest with intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) gave a coefficient of 0.85 for physical function and 0.79 for psychological properties. Reliability test with Cronbach´s alpha gave an alpha of 0.65 for the psychological dimension and an alpha of 0.88 for the physical dimension of the MDHAQ-S.The average sum of the content validity index for each item was of the MDHAQ-S was 0.94. The MDHAQ-S had mainly a moderate correlation with the AIMS2-SF, except for the social dimension of the AIMS2-SF, which had a very low correlation with the MDHAQ-S.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The MDHAQ-S was considered to be reliable and valid, but further research is needed concerning sensitivity to change.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy, Lund University, Box 157, 221 00, Lund, Sweden. kristina.areskoug@telia.com
authors.forename: Kristina Areskoug
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Josefsson
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ekdahl
authors.forename: Ulf
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Jakobsson
authors.forename: Gunvor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gard
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013548:Sweden; D014177:Translations