title: Influence of gender role attitudes on smoking and drinking among girls from Jujuy, Argentina.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Evaluate effect of gender role attitudes on tobacco and alcohol use among Argentinean girls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional survey of 10th grade students attending 27 randomly selected schools in Jujuy, Argentina. Questions about tobacco and alcohol use were adapted from global youth surveys. Five items with 5-point response options of agreement-disagreement assessed attitude towards egalitarian (higher score) gender roles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  2133 girls, aged 13-18 years, 71% Indigenous, 22% mixed Indigenous/European, and 7% European responded. Of these, 60% had ever smoked, 32% were current smokers, 58% ever drinkers, 27% drank in previous month, and 13% had ≥5 drinks on one occasion. Mean response to the gender role scale was 3.49 (95% Confidence Intervals = 3.41-3.57) out of 5 tending toward egalitarian attitudes. Logistic regression models using the gender role scale score as the main predictor and adjusting for demographic and social confounders showed that egalitarian gender role was associated with ever smoking (Odds Ratio = 1.25; 95% Confidence Intervals 1.09-1.44), ever drinking (Odds Ratio = 1.24; 95% Confidence Intervals 1.10-1.40), drinking in prior month (Odds Ratio = 1.21; 95% Confidence Intervals 1.07-1.37) and ≥5 drinks on one occasion (Odds Ratio = 1.15; 95% Confidence Intervals 1.00-1.33), but was not significant for current smoking.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Girls in Jujuy who reported more egalitarian gender role attitudes had higher odds of smoking or drinking.
authors.affiliation: Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Raul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mejia
authors.forename: Celia P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.forename: Ethel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Alderete
authors.forename: Steven E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Gregorich
authors.forename: Eliseo J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Pérez-Stable
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D001118:Argentina; D001290:Attitude; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005783:Gender Identity; D006801:Humans; D057566:Self Report; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
keywords: Adolescents; Alcohol use; Gender role; Indigenous; Latin America; Tobacco use