title: Expression of PAR-4 and PHLDA1 is prognostic for overall and disease-free survival in oral squamous cell carcinomas.
abstract: PAR-4 is a tumor suppressor protein with a pro-apoptotic function and down-regulation of PAR-4 is seen in a variety of tumors. PHLDA1 gene overexpression has been shown to reduce cell proliferation and induce cell death in a variety of cell types. In this study, 229 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), arranged in a tissue microarray, were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. PAR-4 expression was predominantly moderate to strong and expression of PHLDA1 was predominantly negative or weak. Cytoplasmic expression of PAR-4 was associated with advanced clinical stage. Expression of PHLDA1 was associated with advanced clinical stage of the tumour. Five-year overall and disease-free survival rates differed significantly between cases that did and cases that did not express PHLDA1, and by multivariate analysis, expression of PHLDA1 and PAR-4 were independent prognostic factors in OSCC patients. Expression of PAR-4 and PHLDA1 is altered in OSCC and might be a valuable prognostic indicator for this disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomic Pathology, AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil. claumcc@terra.com.br
authors.forename: Cláudia Malheiros
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Coutinho-Camillo
authors.forename: Silvia Vanessa
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Lourenço
authors.forename: Suely
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nonogaki
authors.forename: José Guilherme
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Vartanian
authors.forename: Maria Aparecida
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Nagai
authors.forename: Luiz Paulo
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Kowalski
authors.forename: Fernando Augusto
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Soares
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000737:chemistry / Q000401:mortality*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000401:mortality*; D011379:Prognosis; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; C491923:PHLDA1 protein, human; D014157:Transcription Factors; C101296:prostate apoptosis response-4 protein