title: A flexible base electrode array for intraspinal microstimulation.
abstract: In this paper, we report the development of a flexible base array of penetrating electrodes which can be used to interface with the spinal cord. A customizable and feasible fabrication protocol is described. The flexible base arrays were fabricated and implanted into surrogate cords which were elongated by 12%. The resulting strains were optically measured across the cord and compared to those associated with two types of electrodes arrays (one without a base and one with a rigid base connecting the electrodes). The deformation behavior of cords implanted with the flexible base arrays resembled the behavior of cords implanted with individual microwires that were not connected through a base. The results of the strain test were used to validate a 2-D finite element model. The validated model was used to assess the stresses induced by the electrodes of the three types of arrays on the cord, and to examine how various design parameters (thickness, base modulus, etc.,) impact the mechanical behavior of the electrode array. Rigid base arrays induced higher stresses on the cord than the flexible base arrays which in turn imposed higher stresses than the individual microwire implants. The developed flexible base array showed improvement over the rigid base array; however, its stiffness needs to be further reduced to emulate the mechanical behavior of individual microwire arrays without a base.
authors.forename: Imad
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Khaled
authors.forename: Salma
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Elmallah
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Walied A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Moussa
authors.forename: Vivian K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Mushahwar
authors.forename: Anastasia L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Elias
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation; D017076:Computer-Aided Design; D055119:Elastic Modulus; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D008839:Microelectrodes; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D062187:Spinal Cord Stimulation / Q000295:instrumentation*