title: Fatty acids regulation of inflammatory and metabolic genes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Fatty acids influence human health and diseases in various ways. In recent years, much work has been carried out to elucidate the mechanisms by which dietary fatty acids control short-term and long-term cellular functions. We have reviewed herein the most recent studies on modulation of gene expression by fatty acids. A number of genes respond to transcription factors and present a transcription factor response element in their promoter regions. Fatty acids may exert their effects on metabolism by regulating gene transcription via transcription factors. Understanding how fatty acids control expression of metabolic genes is a promising strategy to be investigated by aiming to treat metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance, obesity, and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fatty acids exert many of their biological effects through the modulation of the activity of transcription factors, such as sterol regulatory element-binding proteins, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, and liver X receptors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fatty acid action through transcription factors controls the expression of several inflammatory and metabolic genes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Laureane N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Masi
authors.forename: Alice C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Curi
mesh_terms: D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D000071518:Liver X Receptors; D009765:Obesity / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics; D057093:Orphan Nuclear Receptors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D047492:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D051779:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D000071518:Liver X Receptors; D057093:Orphan Nuclear Receptors; D047492:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors; D051779:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors