title: Pathologist workforce in the United States: I. Development of a predictive model to examine factors influencing supply.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Results of prior pathology workforce surveys have varied between a state of equilibrium and predictions of shortage.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the current and future supply of pathologists, and apply a dynamic modeling tool for assessing the effects of changing market forces and emerging technologies on the supply of pathologists' services through 2030.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data came from various sources, including the literature, College of American Pathologists' internal data, and primary research through custom-developed surveys for the membership and for pathology practice managers
  
  
  RESULTS
  Through 2010, there were approximately 18 000 actively practicing pathologists in the United States (5.7 per 100 000 population), approximately 93% of whom were board certified. Our model projects that the absolute and per capita numbers of practicing pathologists will decrease to approximately 14 000 full-time equivalent (FTE) pathologists or 3.7 per 100 000 in the coming 2 decades. This projection reflects that beginning in 2015, the numbers of pathologists retiring will increase precipitously, and is anticipated to peak by 2021. Including all types of separation, the net pathologist strength will begin falling by year 2015. Unless workforce entry or exit rates change, this trend will continue at least through 2030. These changes reflect the closure of many training programs 2 to 4 decades ago and the substantially decreased number of graduating residents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This comprehensive analysis predicts that pathologist numbers will decline steadily beginning in 2015. Anticipated population growth in general and increases in disease incidence owing to the aging population, to be presented in a companion article on demand, will lead to a net deficit in excess of more than 5700 FTE pathologists. To reach the projected need in pathologist numbers of nearly 20 000 FTE by 2030 will require an increase from today of approximately 8.1% more residency positions. We believe a pathologist shortage will negatively impact both patient access to laboratory services and health care providers' abilities to deliver more effective health care to their patient populations.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (Drs Robboy and Bean); College of American Pathologists, Waukegan, Illinois (Mses Weintraub and Cantor-Weinberg, and Dr Gross); the Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico (Dr Horvath); the Department of Pathology, Southwest Washington Medical Center, Vancouver, Washington (Dr Jensen); the Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (Dr Alexander); the Department of Pathology, Holland Hospital, Holland, Michigan (Dr Fody); the Department of Pathology, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, New York (Dr Crawford); ACL Labs, West Allis, Wisconsin (Dr Clark); the Department of Pathology, Lawrence General Hospital, Winchester, Massachusetts (Dr Joshi); the Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (Dr Cohen); the Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York (Dr Prystowsky); Grail Research, Mumbai, India (Mr Gupta); the Department of Pathology, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas (Dr Powell); the Department of Pathology, Scott and White Memorial Hospital, Temple, Texas (Dr Speights); and the Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (Dr Black-Schaffer).
authors.forename: Stanley J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Robboy
authors.forename: Sally
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Weintraub
authors.forename: Andrew E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Horvath
authors.forename: Bradden W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: C Bruce
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.forename: Edward P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Fody
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Crawford
authors.forename: Jimmy R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cantor-Weinberg
authors.forename: Megha G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Joshi
authors.forename: Michael B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Michael B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Prystowsky
authors.forename: Sarah M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Bean
authors.forename: Saurabh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Suzanne Z
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Powell
authors.forename: V O
authors.initials: VO
authors.lastname: Speights
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Gross
authors.forename: W Stephen
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Black-Schaffer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005257:Fellowships and Scholarships / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends; D005260:Female; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends*; D006280:Health Workforce / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends*; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends; D008297:Male; D008389:Marketing of Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends; D008875:Middle Aged; D015233:Models, Statistical; D010336:Pathology; D014481:United States