title: Own- and other-race face identity recognition in children: the effects of pose and feature composition.
abstract: We used a matching-to-sample task and manipulated facial pose and feature composition to examine the other-race effect (ORE) in face identity recognition between 5 and 10 years of age. Overall, the present findings provide a genuine measure of own- and other-race face identity recognition in children that is independent of photographic and image processing. The current study also confirms the presence of an ORE in children as young as 5 years of age using a recognition paradigm that is sensitive to their developing cognitive abilities. In addition, the present findings show that with age, increasing experience with familiar classes of own-race faces and further lack of experience with unfamiliar classes of other-race faces serves to maintain the ORE between 5 and 10 years of age rather than exacerbate the effect. All age groups also showed a differential effect of stimulus facial pose in their recognition of the internal regions of own- and other-race faces. Own-race inner faces were remembered best when three-quarter poses were used during familiarization and frontal poses were used during the recognition test. In contrast, other-race inner faces were remembered best when frontal poses were used during familiarization and three-quarter poses were used during the recognition test. Thus, children encode and/or retrieve own- and other-race faces from memory in qualitatively different ways.
authors.affiliation: Center for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, University of London.
authors.forename: Gizelle
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Anzures
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Kent.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Université Pierre Mendès France.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Pascalis
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Delaware.
authors.forename: Paul C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Quinn
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Exeter.
authors.forename: Alan M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Slater
authors.affiliation: DIMPS, Université de la Réunion.
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: de Viviés
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Toronto.
authors.forename: Kang
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D044466:Asian People; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004192:Discrimination, Psychological; D005145:Face; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual / Q000502:physiology*; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D002666:Psychology, Child; D044469:Racial Groups; D021641:Recognition, Psychology / Q000502:physiology*; D044465:White People