title: Recommendations for preclinical research in hemorrhagic transformation.
abstract: Hemorrhagic transformation (HT) is an important complication of ischemic stroke and is responsible for most of the mortality associated with acute reperfusion therapy. Although many important publications address the preclinical models of ischemic stroke, there are no current recommendations on the conduct of research aimed at understanding the mechanisms and consequences of HT. The purpose of this review is to present the various models used in HT research, the clinical correlates, and the experimental variables known to influence the quantitation of HT in preclinical investigation. Lastly, recommendations for the conduct of preclinical research in HT are provided.
authors.affiliation: Program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Augusta, GA ; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA ; Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA.
authors.forename: Susan C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Fagan
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Lapchak
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Liebeskind
authors.forename: Tauheed
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishrat
authors.forename: Adviye
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ergul
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator
keywords: animal models; hemorrhagic infarction; hemorrhagic transformation; ischemic stroke; tissue plasminogen activator