title: Oleuropein protects against dextran sodium sulfate-induced chronic colitis in mice.
abstract: The anti-inflammatory effect of oleuropein (1), the major phenolic secoiridoid in Olea europaea, was evaluated in an experimental model of chronic colitis in mice. Animals were exposed to four repeated cycles of dextran sodium sulfate in drinking water followed by a 7-day rest period. Animals receiving a standard diet supplemented with 0.25% of 1 (equivalent to 500 mg/kg/day) for 56 days exhibited a decrease of inflammatory symptoms, as reflected by improvement of disease activity index and histopathological changes. It was found that 1 decreased inflammatory cell recruitment and the release of inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 with increased IL-10 levels in colon tissue. Colon expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase was reduced significantly by 1. The anti-inflammatory molecular mechanism of 1 was associated with the suppression of the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and might be mediated by up-regulation of annexin A1. In addition, 1 ameliorated intestinal wound healing in IEC-18 monolayers. Therefore, oleuropein seems to be a promising active molecule in experimental ulcerative colitis.
authors.affiliation: Departament de Farmacologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València , Burjassot, Spain.
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Giner
authors.forename: María-Carmen
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Recio
authors.forename: José-Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Ríos
authors.forename: Rosa-María
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Giner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D003092:Colitis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016264:Dextran Sulfate / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D057888:Iridoid Glucosides; D039823:Iridoids; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D015394:Molecular Structure; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000187:drug effects; D031658:Olea / Q000737:chemistry; D011714:Pyrans / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D057888:Iridoid Glucosides; D039823:Iridoids; D011714:Pyrans; D016753:Interleukin-10; C002769:oleuropein; D016264:Dextran Sulfate; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases