title: Teaching ultrasound in a curricular course according to certified EFSUMB standards during undergraduate medical education: a prospective study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  As a non-invasive and readily available diagnostic tool, ultrasound is one of the most important imaging techniques in medicine. Ultrasound is usually trained during residency preferable according to German Society of Ultrasound in Medicine (DEGUM) standards. Our curriculum calls for undergraduate training in ultrasound of medical students in their 4th year of undergraduate education. An explorative pilot study evaluated the acceptance of this teaching method, and compared it to other practical activities in medical education at Muenster University.
  
  
  METHODS
  240 medical students in their 4th year of undergraduate medical education participated in the training and completed a pre- and post-questionnaire for self-assessment of technical knowledge, self-assurance of the procedure, and motivation in performing ultrasound using a Likert scale. Moreover, students were asked about their interest in pursuing a career in internal medicine. To compare this training to other educational activities a standardized online evaluation tool was used. A direct observation of procedural skills assessment (DOPS) for the first time applied on ultrasound aimed to independently assess the success of our teaching method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant increase in technical knowledge and self-assurance (p < 0.001) of the students' self-assessments. The clinical relevance and self-motivation of the teaching were evaluated positively. The students' DOPS results demonstrated proficiency in the understanding of anatomic structures shown in ultrasonographic images, including terminology, machine settings, and transducer frequencies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Training ultrasound according to certified DEGUM standards was successful and should be offered in undergraduate medical education. The evaluation of the course affirmed the necessity, quality and clinical relevance of the course with a top ranking score of hands-on training courses within the educational activities of the Medical Faculty of Muenster.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine B, University Hospital Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, A1, 48149, Münster, Germany. hauke.heinzow@ukmuenster.de
authors.forename: Hauke S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Heinzow
authors.forename: Hendrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Friederichs
authors.forename: Philipp
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lenz
authors.forename: Andre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schmedt
authors.forename: Jan C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hengst
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Marschall
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Domagk
mesh_terms: D002983:Clinical Competence / Q000592:standards; D003479:Curriculum; D004504:Education, Medical, Undergraduate / Q000379:methods*; D004521:Educational Measurement; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010865:Pilot Projects; D013663:Teaching / Q000379:methods; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000592:standards; D055815:Young Adult