title: Butyric acid attenuates intestinal inflammation in murine DSS-induced colitis model via milk fat globule-EGF factor 8.
abstract: Butyric acid, a short-chain fatty acid and one of the main metabolites of intestinal microbial fermentation of dietary fiber, has been shown to have an important role in maintaining the integrity of the intestinal mucosa, while it also has been shown to exert potent anti-inflammatory effects both in vitro and in vivo. However, the precise mechanisms underlying those effects have not been fully identified. We exposed colonic epithelial cells to butyric acid, then extracted total RNA samples, and subsequently hybridized them to microarray chips. Among the upregulated genes, milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor 8 (MFG-E8) was elevated by approximately fivefold. We previously reported that the potential therapeutic benefits of MFG-E8 in intestinal tissue injury were dependent not only on enhanced clearance of apoptotic cells but also required diverse cellular events for maintaining epithelial integrity. The influence of butyric acid on cell function is often attributed to its inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACs). We found that acetylation on histone 3 lysine 9 (acetyl-H3K9) around the MFG-E8 promoter was significantly increased with butyric acid exposure. Experimental colitis was induced by administration of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in C57BL/6N (MFG-E8+/+) and MFG-E8-/- mice. Although the colonic bacterial compositions in wild-type (WT) and MFG-E8-/- mice were not significantly different, intrarectal administration of butyric acid during an acute phase of colitis attenuated intestinal inflammatory parameters and inhibited body weight loss in the WT mice. Our novel findings suggest that butyric acid has significant anti-inflammatory effects partly via MFG-E8 on DSS-induced murine experimental colitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Shimane, Japan. tmishiro@med.shimane-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mishiro
authors.forename: Ryusaku
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kusunoki
authors.forename: Aya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Otani
authors.forename: Md Mesbah Uddin
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Ansary
authors.forename: Miki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tongu
authors.forename: Nanae
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Harashima
authors.forename: Takaya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Shuichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Amano
authors.forename: Kazuhito
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.forename: Shunji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ishihara
authors.forename: Yoshikazu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
mesh_terms: D000285:Administration, Rectal; D000818:Animals; D000954:Antigens, Surface / Q000378:metabolism*; D020148:Butyric Acid / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002460:Cell Line; D003092:Colitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D016264:Dextran Sulfate; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006633:Histamine Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D054892:Metagenome / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D000954:Antigens, Surface; D006633:Histamine Antagonists; D006657:Histones; C490919:Mfge8 protein, mouse; D008894:Milk Proteins; D020148:Butyric Acid; D016264:Dextran Sulfate