title: Adequacy of niacin, folate, and vitamin B12 intakes from foods among Newfoundland and Labrador adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Adequacy of intake for niacin, folate, and vitamin B12 from food was estimated in an adult population in Newfoundland and Labrador (NL). Also considered was whether study findings support current Canadian food fortification policies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four hundred randomly selected adult NL residents were surveyed by telephone. Secondary analysis was performed on two 24-hour food recalls for each participant. Mean daily intakes of niacin, folate, and vitamin B12 were estimated from foods only and compared by sex/age subgroup. Adequacy of intakes was estimated. Contributions of folate by ready-to-eat cereal and bread products were also estimated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intakes of all three nutrients were higher in men. In comparison with recommendations, daily niacin intakes were as follows: excessive for 21.9% of all participants (and for 56.8% of men aged 28 to 54), within the recommended range for 73.6%, and less than adequate for 4.5%. In comparison with recommendations, daily folate intakes were as follows: within the recommended range for 18.1% of participants and less than adequate for 81.9%. In comparison with recommendations, daily vitamin B12 intakes were less than adequate for 36.3% of participants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  More than 20% of those surveyed were consuming, from food alone, niacin at levels above the maximum recommended. Food fortification policies pertaining to niacin should be revisited. In addition, despite fortification, NL adults may be consuming inadequate amounts of folate from foods.
authors.affiliation: Division of Community Health and Humanities, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Colbourne
authors.forename: Natasha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tucker
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Roebothan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002523:Edible Grain; D005260:Female; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D005527:Food, Fortified; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009523:Newfoundland and Labrador; D009525:Niacin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D009752:Nutritional Status; D010865:Pilot Projects; D064167:Recommended Dietary Allowances; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014805:Vitamin B 12 / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D009525:Niacin; D005492:Folic Acid; D014805:Vitamin B 12