title: [An electromyographic study on the development of optimal tactics of botulinum toxin type A injections in children with spastic forms of cerebral palsy].
abstract: We studied 67 children, aged 2-9 years, with cerebral palsy including 56 children with a spastic form. An electromyographic method was used for the development of optimal tactics of botulinum toxin type A injections in different clinical presentations of spasticity. The best clinical results were obtained in children with the following changes on EMG: 1) the tonic muscle activity in resting state was minimal (&lt;10 microvolts) and had local or regional distribution; 2) the pathological synkinetic activity during voluntary movements was minimal (synergetic activity coefficient for shin muscles was less than 0.45); 3) the disturbance of interactions between synergistic and antagonistic muscles was moderate (reciprocity coefficient was not less than 0.4); 4) EMG amplitude in voluntary muscle contraction should not be less than 150 microvolts. This approach to the treatment allowed to reach higher levels on The Gross Motor Function Classification System in part of children.
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Kurenkov
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Kuzenkova
authors.forename: B I
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Burgasova
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Petrova
authors.forename: O A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Klochkova
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Nikitin
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Artemenko
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Mamed'iarov
mesh_terms: D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004576:Electromyography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D007866:Leg / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects*; D009128:Muscle Spasticity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic / Q000592:standards*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A