title: Regulatory cells and transplantation tolerance.
abstract: Transplantation tolerance is a continuing therapeutic goal, and it is now clear that a subpopulation of T cells with regulatory activity (Treg) that express the transcription factor foxp3 are crucial to this aspiration. Although reprogramming of the immune system to donor-specific transplantation tolerance can be readily achieved in adult mouse models, it has yet to be successfully translated in human clinical practice. This requires that we understand the fundamental mechanisms by which donor antigen-specific Treg are induced and function to maintain tolerance, so that we can target therapies to enhance rather than impede these regulatory processes. Our current understanding is that Treg act via numerous molecular mechanisms, and critical underlying components such as mTOR inhibition, are only now emerging.
authors.affiliation: Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom. stephen.cobbold@path.ox.ac.uk
authors.forename: Stephen P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Cobbold
authors.forename: Herman
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Waldmann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015551:Autoimmunity; D015415:Biomarkers; D057890:Epigenomics; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000502:physiology; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000276:immunology; D006086:Graft vs Host Disease / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance / Q000502:physiology; D064789:Immunity, Heterologous / Q000502:physiology; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D023001:Transplantation Tolerance / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C418974:FOXP3 protein, human; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors