title: The roles of bone morphogenetic proteins and their signaling in the osteogenesis of adipose-derived stem cells.
abstract: Large-size bone defects can severely compromise both aesthetics and musculoskeletal functions. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs)-based bone tissue engineering has recently become a promising treatment strategy for the above situation. As robust osteoinductive cytokines, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are commonly used to promote the osteogenesis of ASCs. In this process, BMP signaling plays a pivotal role. However, it remains ambiguous how the pleiotrophic BMPs are involved in the commitment of ASCs along osteogenesis instead of other lineages, such as adipogenesis. BMP receptor type-IB, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and Wnt5a appear to be the main switches controlling the in vitro osteogenic commitment of ASCs. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, an acute inflammatory cytokine, is reported to play an important role in mediating osteogenic commitment of ASCs in vivo. In addition, various active agents and methods have been used to enhance and accelerate the osteogenesis of ASCs through promoting BMP signaling. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the roles of BMPs and their signaling in the osteogenesis of ASCs in vitro and in vivo.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology , Beijing, P.R. China .
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Yongsheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology*; D000818:Animals; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D019070:Cell Lineage; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D010012:Osteogenesis; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D016207:Cytokines; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha