title: Vitamin D status and bone mineral density in African American children with Crohn disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vitamin D deficiency and low bone mineral density (BMD) are complications of inflammatory bowel disease. Vitamin D deficiency is more prevalent among African Americans compared with whites. There are little data comparing differences in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentrations and BMD between African American and white children with Crohn disease (CD).
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared serum 25OHD concentrations of African American children with CD (n = 52) to white children with CD (n = 64) and healthy African American controls (n = 40). We also analyzed BMD using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry results from our pediatric CD population.
  
  
  RESULTS
  African American children with CD had lower serum 25OHD concentrations (16.1 [95% confidence interval, CI 14.5-17.9] ng/mL) than whites with CD (22.3 [95% CI 20.2-24.6] ng/mL; P < 0.001). African Americans with CD and controls exhibited similar serum 25OHD concentration (16.1 [95% CI 14.5-17.9] vs 16.3 [95% CI 14.4-18.4] ng/mL; NS). African Americans with CD exhibited no difference in serum 25OHD concentration when controlling for seasonality, disease severity, and surgical history, although serum 25OHD concentration was significantly decreased in overweight children (body mass index ≥85%, P = 0.003). Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that obese African American girls with CD had the lowest serum 25OHD concentrations (9.6 [95% CI 6.8-13.5] ng/mL). BMD was comparable between African American and white children with CD (z score -0.4 ± 0.9 vs -0.7 ± 1.2; NS).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  African American children with CD are more likely to have vitamin D deficiency compared with white children with CD, but have similar BMD. CD disease severity and history of surgery do not affect serum 25OHD concentrations among African American children with CD. African American children have low serum 25OHD concentrations, independent of CD, compared with white children. Future research should focus on how race affects vitamin D status and BMD in children with CD.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Emory School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta †Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids ‡Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA.
authors.forename: Jeremy P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Middleton
authors.forename: Anita P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Bhagavathula
authors.forename: Bilkisu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gaye
authors.forename: Jessica A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.forename: Clifton S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Cary G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Sauer
authors.forename: Gayathri
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tenjarla
authors.forename: Bess T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Schoen
authors.forename: Archana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Mahadev
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.forename: David T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Okou
authors.forename: Walter C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Ifeadike
authors.forename: Tanvi A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Dhere
authors.forename: Karen N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Conneely
authors.forename: Thomas R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Ziegler
authors.forename: Vin
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tangpricha
authors.forename: Subra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kugathasan
mesh_terms: D015652:25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2 / Q000097:blood; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015519:Bone Density; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002112:Calcifediol / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005845:Georgia / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009752:Nutritional Status / Q000208:ethnology; D050177:Overweight / Q000150:complications; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D044465:White People; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015652:25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2; D002112:Calcifediol