title: Rapid clinical evaluation: an early warning cardiac surgical scoring system for hand-held digital devices.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to develop a new scoring system for the prompt recognition of clinical deterioration and early treatment in postoperative cardiac surgical patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  All consecutive adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery between 1st January 2007 and 31st December 2010 were included. The new score was calculated daily until intensive care unit (ICU) discharge. The score consists of 11 variables representing six different organ systems. Performance was assessed using receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves and calibration tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 5207 patients with a mean age of 67.2 ± 10.9 years were admitted to the ICU after cardiac surgery. The operations performed covered the whole spectrum of cardiac surgery. ICU mortality was 5.9%. The mean length of ICU stay was 4.6 ± 7.0 days. The new score had an excellent discrimination with areas under the ROC curves between 0.91 and 0.96. Calibration was also excellent reflected by observed/expected mortality ratios ranging between 1.0 and 1.26.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The new score is a simple and reliable scoring system to assess organ dysfunction in cardiac intensive care patients. It is designed especially for personal digital assistants to simplify and accelerate the process of risk stratification in cardiac surgical ICUs.
authors.affiliation: CardioCliniC Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Akmal M A
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Badreldin
authors.forename: Fabian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Doerr
authors.forename: Edward M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Bender
authors.forename: Ole
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bayer
authors.forename: Bernhard R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Brehm
authors.forename: Thorsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wahlers
authors.forename: Khosro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hekmat
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D034201:Computers, Handheld; D003422:Critical Care; D005260:Female; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012372:ROC Curve; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014584:User-Computer Interface
keywords: Cardiac surgery; Outcome; Personal digital assistant; Risk stratification