title: Optically transparent electrorheological fluid with urea-modified silica nanoparticles and its haptic display application.
abstract: A transparent electrorheological (ER) fluid was fabricated by dispersing urea-modified silica nanoparticles in a mixture of halocarbon oil and silicone oil, whose refractive index could be tuned to be the same as that of the dispersed particles. The ER fluid showed considerable enhancement in shear stress and shear viscosity, as determined by a rotational rheometer, as well as improved dielectric spectra measured using a LCR meter. Morphological and thermal characterization by scanning electron microscopy and thermal gravimetric analysis confirmed the modification by urea. The potential applications of the transparent ER fluid as haptic displays were also investigated.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
authors.forename: Ying Dan
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Bo Mi
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Tae-Sang
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Ji Eun
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hyoung Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Seong Woon
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Booh