title: Metabolic syndrome, vitamin D deficiency and hypoadiponectinemia among nondiabetic patients early after kidney transplantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is common among kidney transplant patients. We studied the relationship between MetS, vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency and hypoadiponectinemia early posttransplantation and their impact on clinical outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-four previously nondiabetic kidney transplant patients were enrolled in a prospective cohort study between February and November 2008. Participants underwent a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test and had their plasma levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D), adiponectin, insulin, intact parathyroid hormone and lipids measured at 11 weeks posttransplantation. Clinical events including cardiovascular events, new-onset diabetes after transplantation, acute rejection, graft loss and death were recorded during the follow-up to December 2012.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-four study patients (45.9%) had MetS. Patients with MetS had lower plasma concentrations of 25[OH]D (20.5 ± 7.2 vs. 24.8 ± 11.1 ng/ml, p = 0.049) and adiponectin (8.2 ± 4.5 vs. 14.6 ± 8.0 μg/ml, p < 0.0001) early on, and higher composite clinical event rate (61.8 vs. 27.5%, p = 0.003) during the follow-up. Multivariate analysis showed that the presence of MetS early after transplantation was independently associated with 25[OH]D deficiency/insufficiency (OR: 14.0, 95% CI: 1.8, 107.5; p = 0.011), depressed plasma adiponectin levels (β -6.39, r(2) 0.195, p < 0.0001) and increased risk for clinical events (OR: 5.6, 95% CI: 1.9, 16.5; p = 0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Kidney transplant patients with MetS early after transplantation had lower levels of 25[OH]D and adiponectin, and unfavorable clinical outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Satyarth
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kulshrestha
authors.forename: Akinlolu O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Ojo
authors.forename: Fu L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Luan
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood / Q000172:deficiency*; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology*; D008661:Metabolism, Inborn Errors / Q000150:complications*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000097:blood; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D014807:Vitamin D