title: Potent immunomodulatory effects of the trifunctional antibody catumaxomab.
abstract: Catumaxomab (CatmAb), a trifunctional bispecific antibody directed against the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) and the T-cell antigen CD3, is approved as intraperitoneal therapy for the treatment of malignant ascites in patients with EpCAM-positive carcinomas. The immunomonitoring results of a phase II/III study using CatmAb revealed a tumoricidal effect associated with reduced VEGF levels, CD69-expressing T cells, and the release of T-helper cell (TH)-1 cytokines. We comprehensively dissected the immunomodulatory effects of the CatmAb on the major subsets of malignant ascites-infiltrating leukocytes and the molecular fingerprint of tumor cell death. Herein we show that in the presence of EpCAM-positive tumor targets, CatmAb markedly enhanced T-cell activation [CD69, CD107A (LAMP1), HLA-DR and PD-1(PDCD1) expression] and stimulated inflammatory CD4(+) TH1 and CD8(+) TH1 to release IFN-γ but failed to trigger TH17 cells. Engagement of CD16-expressing cells caused upregulation of TRAIL (TNFSF10) and costimulatory CD40 and CD80 molecules. CatmAb promoted tumor cell death associated with ATP release and strongly synergized with oxaliplatin for the exposure of the three hallmarks of immunogenic cell death (calreticulin, HMGB1, and ATP). These findings warrant validation as potential biomarkers of efficacy of CatmAb.
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paris-Sud, Kremlin Bicêtre, France.
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Goéré
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Flament
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rusakiewicz
authors.forename: Vichnou
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Poirier-Colame
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kepp
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pesquet
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eggermont
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Elias
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chaput
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zitvogel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018033:Antibodies, Bispecific / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001201:Ascites / Q000276:immunology; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D008875:Middle Aged; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D018033:Antibodies, Bispecific; D016207:Cytokines; C522419:catumaxomab