title: Critical appraisal of the accuracy of Acuros-XB and Anisotropic Analytical Algorithm compared to measurement and calculations with the compass system in the delivery of RapidArc clinical plans.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The accuracy of the two dose calculation engines available for RapidArc planning (both released for clinical use) is investigated in comparison to the COMPASS data.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two dose calculation algorithms (Acuros-XB and Anisotropic Analytic Algorithm (AAA)) were used to calculate RA plans and compared to calculations with the Collapsed Cone Convolution algorithm (CC) from the COMPASS system (IBA Dosimetry). CC calculations, performed on patient data, are based on experimental fluence measurements with a 2D array of ion chambers mounted on the linac head. The study was conducted on clinical cases treated with RA. Five cases for each of the following groups were included: Brain, Head and Neck, Thorax, Pelvis and stereotactic body radiation therapy for hypo-fractionated treatments with small fields. COMPASS measurements were performed with the iMatrixx-2D array. RapidArc plans were optimized for delivery using 6MV photons from a Clinac-iX (Varian, Palo Alto, USA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  For almost all parameters, the better agreement was between Acuros-XB and COMPASS independently from the anatomical site and fractionation. The same result was obtained from the mean dose difference per organ with Acuros-CC average differences below 0.5% while for AAA-CC data, average deviations exceeded 0.5% and in the case of the pelvis 1%. Relevance of observed differences determined with the 3D gamma analysis resulted in a pass rate exceeding 99.5% for Acuros-CC and exceeding 97.5% for AAA-CC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated that i) a good agreement exists between COMPASS-CC calculations based on measured fluences with respect to dose distributions obtained with both Acuros-XB and AAA algorithms; ii) 3D dose distributions reconstructed from actual delivery coincide very precisely with the planned data; iii) a slight preference in favor of Acuros-XB was observed suggesting the preference for this algorithm in clinical applications.
authors.forename: Murugesan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kathirvel
authors.forename: Shanmuga
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Subramanian
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Clivio
authors.forename: Gandhi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Arun
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fogliata
authors.forename: Giorgia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nicolini
authors.forename: Vellaiyan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Subramani
authors.forename: Shanmugam Thirumalai
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Swamy
authors.forename: Eugenio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vanetti
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cozzi
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D050397:Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated / Q000379:methods*