title: Ultra-widefield fluorescein angiography of white without pressure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe ultra-widefield fluorescein angiography (UWFA) findings in eyes with white without pressure (WWOP) and in eyes without any obvious peripheral chorioretinal disease, and to determine if a difference exists between these two groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of 379 eyes undergoing diagnostic UWFA using the Optos 200Tx imaging system. Eyes were excluded if the quality of the color photograph or UWFA prevented reliable evaluation. Eyes were also excluded if there was any evidence of peripheral retinal or choroidal disease, which was thought to have an effect on UWFA (eg, peripheral background diabetic or hypertensive retinopathy, vein occlusion, or any other peripheral vascular disorder). Eyes were determined to have WWOP, based on a dilated fundus examination and color fundus photography that contained areas of peripheral retinal whitening consistent with the diagnosis. UWFA was evaluated by trained masked graders, and determined to have or not have peripheral vascular leakage and/or staining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 379 eyes evaluated, 45 eyes were included in the study. Twelve eyes were determined to have peripheral WWOP; 33 eyes did not have WWOP on examination or color fundus photography. Three common UWFA peripheral patterns were visualized. Eyes with and without WWOP were grouped into one of three patterns. The majority of eyes without WWOP demonstrated UWFA pattern one (69.7%), while those in the WWOP group demonstrated pattern three (50%). The distribution of UWFA patterns is statistically different between those with and without WWOP (P = 0.002). In eyes without WWOP, in patients with no documented systemic microvascular disease (diabetes, hypertension), 71.4% of eyes had UWFA pattern one while 14.3% had both patterns two and three.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study is one of the first to specifically evaluate peripheral vascular leakage/staining in eyes with WWOP as well as in eyes without any obvious peripheral chorioretinal disease. We demonstrate that a significant portion of WWOP eyes exhibit peripheral findings on UWFA (pattern one) compared to eyes without WWOP. Importantly, even in eyes that are apparently unremarkable in the periphery on exam and color photography, UWFA can still show peripheral vascular abnormalities. These results warrant further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Anton
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Orlin
authors.forename: Aalya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fatoo
authors.forename: Joshua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ehrlich
authors.forename: Donald J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: D'Amico
authors.forename: Rv Paul
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Szilárd
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kiss
keywords: ocular imaging; ptos imaging; retina periphery