title: Combined effect of nisin, carvacrol and a previous thermal treatment on the growth of Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella senftenberg.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the combined effect of a previous mild heat treatment (15 min at 55 ) with the use of antimicrobials, nisin and carvacrol, on the growth of Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella senftenberg. Natural antimicrobials, alone or combined with a previous mild heat treatment, affected the growth of these two serovars in Tryptone Soy Broth at 37 . Increasing concentrations of carvacrol had a significant effect on both growth rate and lag phase duration of both strains. The time to reach stationary phase was almost doubled in the case of S. enteritidis when a concentration of 0.77 mM in carvacrol was added. For S. senftenberg the effect was smaller. The effect of nisin and of heat, applied individually, was lower for both microorganisms. A combination of 1.2 µM nisin with 0.77 mM carvacrol significantly delayed the growth of heat treated cells, compared to the control without antimicrobials, showing additive effects.
authors.affiliation: Departamento Ingeniería de Alimentos y del Equipamiento Agrícola, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Spain.
authors.forename: María-Dolores
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Esteban
authors.forename: Arantxa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aznar
authors.forename: Pablo S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Fernández
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Palop
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000081007:Cymenes; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005519:Food Preservation; D006358:Hot Temperature; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009561:Nisin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012475:Salmonella / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D012477:Salmonella enteritidis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000081007:Cymenes; D039821:Monoterpenes; D009561:Nisin; C073316:carvacrol
keywords: Nisin; Salmonella; antimicrobials; carvacrol; combined preservation processes