title: Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma as a second malignancy in a pediatric osteosarcoma survivor: case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Primary lung cancer is extremely rare in children, while secondary malignancies reportedly develop in 2% to 3% of pediatric osteosarcoma survivors.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 14-year-old girl was found to have two pulmonary lesions on computed tomography. These tumors had developed 1 year after osteosarcoma surgery. Segmentectomy of right segment 1 and wedge resection of right segment 9 were performed. Both lesions were completely resected and postoperative histopathological examination revealed metastasis of osteosarcoma and bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma may present as a solitary pulmonary lesion indistinguishable from a metastatic lesion and should be included in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary lesions in survivors of pediatric cancer. Thus, pulmonary lesions identified in these patients should be biopsied or resected to establish a histological diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okui
authors.forename: Taichiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: Yuichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.forename: Mitsutomo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kohno
mesh_terms: D002282:Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D000293:Adolescent; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery; D016609:Neoplasms, Second Primary / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D012516:Osteosarcoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D011379:Prognosis; D017741:Survivors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed