title: Bicellar systems as vehicle for the treatment of impaired skin.
abstract: This study assesses the potential usefulness of bicellar systems to retard the penetration of drugs into damaged skin. The active compound used in this study was diclofenac diethylamine (DDEA). Initially, physicochemical characterisation of the DDEA bicellar systems was performed at different temperatures by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques. Subsequently, in vitro percutaneous absorption of bicellar systems into in vitro damaged skin was studied. SAXS results indicated a slight decrease in the width of their bilayers with increasing temperature, with no apparent stacking in those systems. WAXS patterns were compatible with an orthorhombic lateral packing of the nanoaggregates. The thermogram obtained by DSC indicated a decrease in gel-to-liquid crystalline transition temperature (Tm) when the drug was included into bicellar systems. A retardation effect for DDEA was detected by in vitro percutaneous absorption studies when DDEA was vehiculised in the bicellar systems with respect to an aqueous solution of the drug. It seems that the use of bicellar systems as a vehicle for topical application of DDEA on skin with an impaired barrier function may inhibit the penetration of DDEA to the systemic level. Such systems may consequently repair stratum corneum barrier function to some extent. The use of these systems could be considered a new alternative strategy to treat topically pathological skin with different drugs.
authors.affiliation: IQAC-CSIC, Department of Chemical and Surfactants Technology, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: laia.rubio@iqac.csic.es.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rubio
authors.affiliation: IQAC-CSIC, Department of Chemical and Surfactants Technology, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alonso
authors.affiliation: IQAC-CSIC, Department of Chemical and Surfactants Technology, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: IQAC-CSIC, Department of Chemical and Surfactants Technology, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cócera
authors.affiliation: IQAC-CSIC, Department of Chemical and Surfactants Technology, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Barbosa-Barros
authors.affiliation: IQAC-CSIC, Department of Chemical and Surfactants Technology, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Coderch
authors.affiliation: IQAC-CSIC, Department of Chemical and Surfactants Technology, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de la Maza
authors.affiliation: IQAC-CSIC, Department of Chemical and Surfactants Technology, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Parra
authors.affiliation: IQAC-CSIC, Department of Chemical and Surfactants Technology, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: López
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D014677:Pharmaceutical Vehicles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053838:Scattering, Small Angle; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects*; D012869:Skin Absorption; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013552:Swine; D044366:Transition Temperature; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D014677:Pharmaceutical Vehicles; D004008:Diclofenac
keywords: Bicellar systems; DDEA; DSC; Diclofenac diethylamine; Impaired skin; In vitro percutaneous absorption; SAXS–WAXS