title: Objectively measured physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiometabolic risk factors in the Health Survey for England.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study aims to test the hypothesis that physical activity (PA) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) are associated with cardiometabolic risk factors; and to test the hypothesis that CRF modifies (changes the direction and/or strength of) the associations between PA and cardiometabolic risk factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  PA and CRF were objectively measured in the 2008 Health Survey for England and the present study included 536 adults who completed at least 4 min of the eight-minute sub-maximal step test and wore an accelerometer for at least 10 h on at least four days. Linear regression models were fitted to examine the relationship between PA and cardiometabolic risk factors and between CRF and cardiometabolic risk factors. A test of interaction was performed to examine whether CRF modifies the associations between PA and cardiometabolic risk factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PA and CRF were associated with HDL cholesterol, the ratio of total to HDL cholesterol, glycated haemoglobin and BMI after adjustment for potential confounders. There was little evidence that CRF changed the direction or strength of associations between PA and cardiometabolic risk factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PA and CRF are associated with cardiometabolic risk factors. A larger sample is required to determine if CRF modifies associations between PA and cardiometabolic risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK. g.odonovan@uea.ac.uk
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: O'Donovan
authors.forename: Melvyn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hillsdon
authors.forename: Obioha C
authors.initials: OC
authors.lastname: Ukoumunne
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stamatakis
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hamer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin
keywords: Accelerometry; Exercise; Physical fitness; Step test