title: Four different strategies for repair of aortic coarctation accompanied by cardiac lesions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Coarctation accompanied by cardiac lesions is a complex clinical situation due to the presence of two different pathologies that necessitate surgical treatment. An individual strategy, according to the severity of the disease, is important to reduce perioperative mortality and morbidity.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report here on 25 patients with coarctation accompanied by cardiac lesions who were treated by various surgical approaches. Coarctation and associated disease were treated in 14 patients in a single stage by an ascending-to-descending bypass (n = 11) or by a hybrid procedure (n = 3). The remaining 11 patients underwent a two-stage operation for their treatment. Six of these 11 patients who had coronary artery disease or signs of congestive heart failure were first operated for their cardiac disease, whereas in the remaining five patients, who did not have any congestive signs, coarctation repair was performed first.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All the patients were male, between the ages of 20 and 24 years, except for one 45-year-old woman. The mean cross-clamp times, cardiopulmonary bypass times and operation times were 52 ± 14.5, 102.3 ± 28.5 and 174 ± 24.8 min in the extra-anatomical bypass group; 29.8 ± 11.7, 55.5 ± 17.6 and 116 ± 22 min in the two-stage groups and 49 ± 19.8, 63 ± 18.7 and 159 ± 21.3 min in the hybrid patients, respectively. One patient who underwent extra-anatomical bypass died on the 14th postoperative day. There were no events during the follow-up period for the other patients. Also, there were no gradients between the extremities and no graft-related complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As a consequence of the progress in the development of endovascular techniques, hybrid treatment is becoming a more popular option for the treatment of coarctation accompanied by cardiac diseases. Two-stage procedures and extra-anatomical bypass might be alternative techniques if endovascular procedures are contraindicated or failing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, GATA Haydarpasa Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. drmugur@gmail.com
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ugur
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Alp
authors.forename: Gokhan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Arslan
authors.forename: Veysel
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Temizkan
authors.forename: Alper
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ucak
authors.forename: Ahmet Turan
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
mesh_terms: D001017:Aortic Coarctation / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D001027:Aortography / Q000379:methods; D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality; D057510:Endovascular Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Aortic aneurysm; Coarctation; Endovascular procedures