title: Pathological gambling in eating disorders: prevalence and clinical implications.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pathological gambling (PG) and eating disorders (ED) rarely co-occur. We explored the prevalence of lifetime PG in ED, compared severity of ED symptoms, personality traits, and psychopathological profiles across individuals with ED and PG (ED+PG) and without PG (ED-PG). Finally, we assessed the incremental predictive value of gender on the presentation of a comorbid PG.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total sample of 1681 consecutively admitted ED patients (1576 females and 105 males), participated in the current study (25 ED+PG and 1656 ED-PG). All participants were diagnosed according to DSM-IV criteria. Assessment measures included the Symptom Checklist and the Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised, as well as other clinical and psychopathological indices.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The observed lifetime prevalence of PG was 1.49%. ED subtype was associated with lifetime PG (p=.003), with PG being more frequent in binge eating disorder (5.7%). ED+PG was more prevalent in males than in females (16% vs. 1.26%, respectively). Additionally, ED+PG patients exhibited more impulsive behaviours, lower impulse regulation and higher novelty seeking. Best predictors of ED+PG were novelty seeking (OR 1.030, p=.035), sex (OR 3.295, p=.048) and BMI (OR 1.081, p=.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Some personality traits (novelty seeking), being male and higher BMI are strongly related to the presence of lifetime PG in specific ED subtypes (namely binge eating disorder).
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, 08907, Spain; Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain; Clinical Sciences Department, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: sjimenez@bellvitgehospital.cat.
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jiménez-Murcia
authors.forename: Howard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Steiger
authors.forename: Mimi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Isräel
authors.forename: Roser
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Granero
authors.forename: Remei
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Prat
authors.forename: Juan José
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Santamaría
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Moragas
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sánchez
authors.forename: Núria
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Custal
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Orekhova
authors.forename: Ana B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Fagundo
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Menchón
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fernández-Aranda
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015897:Comorbidity; D001068:Feeding and Eating Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005715:Gambling / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010551:Personality; D010555:Personality Inventory; D015995:Prevalence; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012720:Severity of Illness Index