title: PCA by proxy: taking the patient out of patient-controlled analgesia: this controversial practice can be done safely in carefully controlled circumstances.
abstract: Among the questions raised about patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) by proxy are as follows: What are the safety issues related to PCA by proxy? Should another type of pain management be used for patients who can not activate the PCA button? This article focuses on safe PCA use and authorized agent-controlled analgesia (AACA).
authors.forename: Yvonne
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: D'Arcy
mesh_terms: D016058:Analgesia, Patient-Controlled / Q000379:methods* / Q000451:nursing; D016903:Drug Monitoring / Q000379:methods / Q000451:nursing; D006801:Humans; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods* / Q000451:nursing; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000451:nursing; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D061214:Patient Safety; D019727:Proxy; D012307:Risk Factors