title: Electrolytic removal of ammonia from aqueous phase by Pt/Ti anode.
abstract: This study investigated the mechanism and kinetic modeling of electrolytic degradation of ammonia with Pt/Ti anode. The results show that ammonia oxidation from direct oxidation or indirect oxidation with hydroxyl radicals was slow but can be observed under pH 9 and high initial ammonia concentration of 1,050 mg N L(-1). Indirect oxidation with HOCl was the mechanism for the chloride-mediated electrolytic removal of ammonia. In this process, pH between 3 and 9 had little effect on the ammonia removal rate, but current density (j) and chloride concentration ([Cl(-)]) showed a linear relationship with ammonia removal rate within the range of 3.8-15.4 mA cm(-2) and 30-300 mg L(-1), respectively. The ammonia removal could be described by a pseudo-zero order kinetics with a mathematic equation of k = 0.0003 × [Cl(-)] × j - 0.076. Treatment of the actual wastewater effluent from a secondary clarifier in a local wastewater treatment plant showed an ammonia removal rate of 0.8 mg N L(-1) h(-1) and energy cost of 14 kJ per mg N ammonia.
authors.affiliation: School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yuanxing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yangyang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000737:chemistry*; D002712:Chlorides / Q000737:chemistry; D004566:Electrodes; D004572:Electrolysis; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010984:Platinum / Q000737:chemistry; D013193:Stainless Steel / Q000737:chemistry; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D002712:Chlorides; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D013193:Stainless Steel; D010984:Platinum; D000641:Ammonia; D014025:Titanium