title: IL-34 and CSF-1: similarities and differences.
abstract: Colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) is widely expressed and considered to regulate the development, maintenance, and function of mononuclear phagocyte lineage cells such as monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), Langerhans cells (LCs), microglia, and osteoclasts. Interleukin-34 (IL-34) was recently identified as an alternative ligand for the CSF-1 receptor (CSF-1R) through functional proteomics experiments. It is well established that the phenotype of CSF-1R-deficient (CSF-1R⁻/⁻) mice is more severe than that of mice bearing a spontaneous null mutation in CSF-1 (CSF-1(op/op)). CSF-1R⁻/⁻ mice are severely depleted of macrophages and completely lack LCs, microglia, and osteoclasts during their lifetime. In contrast, CSF-1(op/op) mice exhibit late-onset macrophage development and osteoclastogenesis, whereas they show modestly reduced numbers of microglia and a relatively normal LC development. In contrast, IL-34-deficient (IL-34⁻/⁻) mice show a marked reduction of LCs and a decrease in microglia. IL-34 and CSF-1 display different spatiotemporal expression patterns and have distinct biological functions. In this review, we focus on the functional similarities and differences between IL-34 and CSF-1 in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Oral Science, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Hiro-oka Gobara, Shiojiri, Nagano, 399-0781, Japan, nakamichi@po.mdu.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakamichi
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Udagawa
authors.forename: Naoyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takahashi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D007378:Interleukins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D007378:Interleukins; C552364:interleukin-34, mouse; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor