title: Dietary patterns and relationship to obesity-related health outcomes and mortality in adults 75 years of age or greater.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prevalence of obesity-related adverse health outcomes is increasing among older adults. Because it is thought that nutrition plays an important role in successful aging, there has been considerable interest in the association between dietary patterns of older adults and obesity-related health outcomes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study examined the association between dietary patterns and mortality and prevalence of obesity-related health outcomes, namely cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome (MetSyn), over a 5-year follow-up period in adults aged 75 years or greater.
  
  
  METHODS
  A longitudinal observational study with cross-sectional dietary assessment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rural Central Pennsylvania.
  
  
  METHODS
  Community-dwelling older adults (N = 449; 76.5 years old; 57% female).
  
  
  METHODS
  Multiple, unannounced, 24-hour dietary recalls were used to collect dietary intake. Cluster analysis was used to derive dietary patterns. Prevalence of CVD, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and MetSyn was extracted from outpatient electronic medical records. Logistic regression was used to examine the associations between dietary patterns and health outcomes and mortality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  'Sweets and Dairy', 'Health-Conscious' and 'Western' dietary patterns were identified. Compared to the 'Health-Conscious' pattern, those in the 'Sweets and Dairy' pattern had increased odds of hypertension over the follow-up period; adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) was 2.18 (1.11-4.30). No significant associations were found for CVD, diabetes mellitus, MetSyn or mortality with dietary patterns.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings support the potential value of healthy dietary patterns in the management of hypertension in older adults. We did not observe any other strong associations between dietary patterns and health outcomes or mortality in persons ≥ 75 years of age; thus failing to support the use of overly restrictive diet prescriptions for older persons, especially where food intake may be inadequate.
authors.affiliation: The Pennsylvania State University, 110 Chandlee Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802, USA. plh156@psu.edu
authors.forename: P Y
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Hsiao
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Coffman
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Craig Wood
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Hartman
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Still
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Jensen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D009752:Nutritional Status; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010414:Pennsylvania; D015995:Prevalence; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome