title: Atmospheric moisture variability and transmission of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Changsha City, Mainland China, 1991-2010.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The transmission of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is influenced by environmental determinants. This study aimed to explore the association between atmospheric moisture variability and the transmission of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) for the period of 1991-2010 in Changsha, China.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Wavelet analyses were performed by using monthly reported time series data of HFRS cases to detect and quantify the periodicity of HFRS. A generalized linear model with a Poisson distribution and a log link model were used to quantify the relationship between climate and HFRS cases, highlighting the importance of moisture conditions. There was a continuous annual oscillation mode and multi-annual cycle around 3-4 years from 1994 to 1999. There was a significant association of HFRS incidence with moisture conditions and the Multivariate El Niño-Southern Oscillation Index (MEI). Particularly, atmospheric moisture has a significant effect on the propagation of HFRS; annual incidence of HFRS was positively correlated with annual precipitation and annual mean absolute humidity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The final model had good accuracy in forecasting the occurrence of HFRS and moisture condition can be used in disease surveillance and risk management to provide early warning of potential epidemics of this disease.
authors.affiliation: College of Resources and Environment Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China. xiaohong.hnnu@gmail.com
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Huai-Yu
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cazelles
authors.forename: Xiu-Jun
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Shi-Lu
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.forename: Li-Dong
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Jian-Xin
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Xiao-Ling
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Hai-Ning
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xi-Xing
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D006480:Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission*; D006801:Humans; D006813:Humidity; D015233:Models, Statistical