title: Oxygen nano-bubble water reduces calcium oxalate deposits and tubular cell injury in ethylene glycol-treated rat kidney.
abstract: Renal tubular cell injury induced by oxalate plays an important role in kidney stone formation. Water containing oxygen nano-bubbles (nanometer-sized bubbles generated from oxygen micro-bubbles; ONB) has anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, we investigated the inhibitory effects of ONB water on kidney stone formation in ethylene glycol (EG)-treated rats. We divided 60 rats, aged 4 weeks, into 5 groups: control, the water-fed group; 100 % ONB, the 100 % ONB water-fed group; EG, the EG treated water-fed group; EG + 50 % ONB and EG + 100 % ONB, water containing EG and 50 % or 100 % ONB, respectively. Renal calcium oxalate (CaOx) deposition, urinary excretion of N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), and renal expression of inflammation-related proteins, oxidative stress biomarkers, and the crystal-binding molecule hyaluronic acid were compared among the 5 groups. In the control and 100 % ONB groups, no renal CaOx deposits were detected. In the EG + 50 % ONB and EG + 100 % ONB groups, ONB water significantly decreased renal CaOx deposits, urinary NAG excretion, and renal monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, osteopontin, and hyaluronic acid expression and increased renal superoxide dismutase-1 expression compared with the EG group. ONB water substantially affected kidney stone formation in the rat kidney by reducing renal tubular cell injury. ONB water is a potential prophylactic agent for kidney stones.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuhiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hirose
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yasui
authors.forename: Kazumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Taguchi
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Niimi
authors.forename: Shuzo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hamamoto
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: Yasue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kubota
authors.forename: Noriyasu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kawai
authors.forename: Yasunori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.forename: Keiichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tozawa
authors.forename: Shoichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Kenjiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kohri
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002129:Calcium Oxalate / Q000378:metabolism*; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000235:genetics; D019855:Ethylene Glycol / Q000633:toxicity; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007684:Kidney Tubules / Q000187:drug effects / Q000293:injuries / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D053040:Nephrolithiasis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D053495:Osteopontin / Q000235:genetics; D010100:Oxygen / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000235:genetics; D000072105:Superoxide Dismutase-1; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: C491766:Ccl2 protein, rat; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; C506897:Spp1 protein, rat; D014867:Water; D053495:Osteopontin; D002129:Calcium Oxalate; C000606292:Sod1 protein, rat; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D000072105:Superoxide Dismutase-1; D019855:Ethylene Glycol; D010100:Oxygen