title: Cellular communication via nanoparticle-transporting biovesicles.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Endothelial cells are dynamic cells tasked with selective transport of cargo from blood vessels to tissues. Here we demonstrate the potential for nanoparticle transport across endothelial cells in membrane-bound vesicles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cell-free endothelial-derived biovesicles were characterized for cellular and nanoparticle content by electron microscopy. Confocal microscopy was used to evaluate biovesicles for organelle-specific proteins, and to monitor biovesicle engulfment by naive cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nanoparticle-laden biovesicles containing low-density polyethyleneimine nanoparticles appear to be predominately of endosomal origin, combining features of multivesicular bodies, lysosomes and autophagosomes. Conversely, high-density polyethyleneimine nanoparticles stimulate the formation of biovesicles associated with cellular apoptotic breakdown. Secreted LAMP-1-positive biovesicles are internalized by recipient cells, either of the same origin or of novel phenotype.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cellular biovesicles, rich in cellular signals, present an important mode of cell-to-cell communication either locally or through broadcasting of biological messages.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nanomedicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, R7-414, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ferrati
authors.affiliation: Department of Nanomedicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, R7-414, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Kellie I
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: McConnell
authors.affiliation: Department of Nanomedicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, R7-414, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Aaron C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Mack
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology & Anatomy, University of Texas Medical School, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Natalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sirisaengtaksin
authors.affiliation: Department of Nanomedicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, R7-414, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Diaz
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology & Anatomy, University of Texas Medical School, Houston, TX, USA.|Department of Pediatrics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Bean
authors.affiliation: Department of Nanomedicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, R7-414, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.affiliation: Department of Nanomedicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, R7-414, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Rita E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Serda
mesh_terms: D040761:Biomimetic Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D002450:Cell Communication / Q000502:physiology*; D002474:Cell-Free System / Q000737:chemistry; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D011992:Endosomes / Q000737:chemistry*; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D010316:Particle Size; D022161:Transport Vesicles / Q000737:chemistry*
keywords: biovesicle; endothelia; exocytosis; iron oxide; microvesicle; nanoparticle