title: Methods for the design of vasomotor symptom trials: the menopausal strategies: finding lasting answers to symptoms and health network.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This report describes the Menopausal Strategies: Finding Lasting Answers to Symptoms and Health network and methodological issues addressed in designing and implementing vasomotor symptom trials.
  
  
  METHODS
  Established in response to a National Institutes of Health request for applications, the network was charged with conducting rapid throughput randomized trials of novel and understudied available interventions postulated to alleviate vasomotor and other menopausal symptoms. Included are descriptions of and rationale for criteria used for interventions and study selection, common eligibility and exclusion criteria, common primary and secondary outcome measures, consideration of placebo response, establishment of a biorepository, trial duration, screening and recruitment, statistical methods, and quality control. All trial designs are presented, including the following: (1) a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial designed to evaluate the effectiveness of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor escitalopram in reducing vasomotor symptom frequency and severity; (2) a two-by-three factorial design trial to test three different interventions (yoga, exercise, and ω-3 supplementation) for the improvement of vasomotor symptom frequency and bother; and (3) a three-arm comparative efficacy trial of the serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor venlafaxine and low-dose oral estradiol versus placebo for reducing vasomotor symptom frequency. The network's structure and governance are also discussed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The methods used in and the lessons learned from the Menopausal Strategies: Finding Lasting Answers to Symptoms and Health trials are shared to encourage and support the conduct of similar trials and to encourage collaborations with other researchers.
authors.affiliation: From the 1Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA; 2School of Nursing, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN; 3Data Coordinating Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; 4Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente of Northern California, Oakland, CA; 5Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; 6VA Medical Center/University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; 7Departments of Obstetrics/Gynecology and Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; 8Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology and Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; 9National Institute on Aging, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; 10Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Statistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; and 11VA Center of Excellence for Implementing Evidence-Based Practice and Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN.
authors.forename: Katherine M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Newton
authors.forename: Janet S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Carpenter
authors.forename: Katherine A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Guthrie
authors.forename: Garnet L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Bette
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Caan
authors.forename: Lee S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Kristine E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Ensrud
authors.forename: Ellen W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Freeman
authors.forename: Hadine
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Joffe
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sternfeld
authors.forename: Susan D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: Sheryl
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sherman
authors.forename: Mary D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Sammel
authors.forename: Kurt
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kroenke
authors.forename: Joseph C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Larson
authors.forename: Andrea Z
authors.initials: AZ
authors.lastname: Lacroix
mesh_terms: D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000458:organization & administration*; D015283:Citalopram / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003511:Cyclohexanols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004958:Estradiol / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004967:Estrogens / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D019584:Hot Flashes / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008593:Menopause / Q000502:physiology*; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D018579:Patient Selection; D010919:Placebos; D011786:Quality Control; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D012107:Research Design; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013546:Sweating; D013997:Time Factors; D000069470:Venlafaxine Hydrochloride; D015013:Yoga
chemical_list: D015283:Citalopram; D003511:Cyclohexanols; D004958:Estradiol; D004967:Estrogens; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D010919:Placebos; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; D000069470:Venlafaxine Hydrochloride