title: Histopathological findings of an uncommon co-infection: Echinococcus vogeli, HIV, hepatitis C virus, and hepatitis B virus.
abstract: Our work represents the first case report of polycystic echinococcosis co-infection with HIV, hepatitis C virus (HCV), and hepatitis B virus (HBV). Structural liver alterations were found to be related to parasitic structures and necroinflammatory foci (karyopyknosis, karyorrhexis, and karyolysis), consistent with Echinococcus vogeli. Visceral adipose tissue and intrahepatic triglyceride droplets (macrovesicular and microvesicular steatosis) indicated abnormal fat anabolism, which probably resulted from both viral-induced hepatopathy and drug-related toxicity. In summary, our results suggest that the observed liver abnormalities reflected the coincident exposure to hepatotropic viruses and parasites causing polycystic echinococcosis and were not indicative of opportunistic relationships among these pathogens.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Helminth Parasites of Vertebrates, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernanda Barbosa
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: de Almeida
authors.forename: Christiane Leal
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Corrêa
authors.forename: Nilton Ghiotti
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: de Siqueira
authors.forename: Nellysie Virgínia F M dos S Castro
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: de Carvalho
authors.forename: Rosângela
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rodrigues-Silva
authors.forename: Arnaldo Feitosa B
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: de Andrade
authors.forename: José Roberto
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Machado-Silva
mesh_terms: D015766:Albendazole / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000923:Anticestodal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D060085:Coinfection / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D004443:Echinococcosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000473:pathology*; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D000923:Anticestodal Agents; D015766:Albendazole
keywords: Co-infection; HBV; HCV; HIV; Polycystic echinococcosis