title: Apixaban as an alternate oral anticoagulant for the management of patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.
abstract: Due to the pronounced hypercoagulable state in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), alternatives to heparin that do not interact with HIT antibodies are needed for anticoagulation management. This study was designed to determine whether the oral factor Xa inhibitor apixaban could be used. Functional platelet activation with apixaban in the presence of HIT antibodies was evaluated by the (14)C-serotonin release assay (SRA; washed platelets) and the heparin-induced platelet aggregation assay (PA-HIT; platelet-rich plasma). A consistent absence of platelet activation by apixaban (0.05-50 μg/mL) was observed: SRA (n = 35) 11 ± 4% and PA-HIT (n = 37) 8 ± 3% (mean ± standard error of the mean; positive is >20%) versus heparin (0.1 U/mL) 82 ± 3% SRA and 78 ± 6% PA-HIT (P < 0.01) versus enoxaparin (10 μg/mL) 73 ± 5% SRA and 62 ± 7% PA-HIT. Apixaban may provide an option for oral anticoagulation in patients with HIT, particularly for extended management and prevention.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Jeanine M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Walenga
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Prechel
authors.forename: Debra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hoppensteadt
authors.forename: Vicki
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Escalante
authors.forename: Talhah
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chaudhry
authors.forename: Walter P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Jeske
authors.forename: Mamdouh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bakhos
mesh_terms: D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006493:Heparin / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D011728:Pyridones / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D012701:Serotonin / Q000097:blood; D013921:Thrombocytopenia / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D011720:Pyrazoles; D011728:Pyridones; D012701:Serotonin; C522181:apixaban; D006493:Heparin
keywords: anticoagulant; apixaban; heparin; heparin-induced thrombocytopenia; platelets