title: Photorespiration and carbon concentrating mechanisms: two adaptations to high O2, low CO2 conditions.
abstract: This review presents an overview of the two ways that cyanobacteria, algae, and plants have adapted to high O2 and low CO2 concentrations in the environment. First, the process of photorespiration enables photosynthetic organisms to recycle phosphoglycolate formed by the oxygenase reaction catalyzed by ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco). Second, there are a number of carbon concentrating mechanisms that increase the CO2 concentration around Rubisco which increases the carboxylase reaction enhancing CO2 fixation. This review also presents possibilities for the beneficial modification of these processes with the goal of improving future crop yields.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA, btmoro@lsu.edu.
authors.forename: James V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Moroney
authors.forename: Nadine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jungnick
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Dimario
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Longstreth
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects*; D002244:Carbon / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019069:Cell Respiration / Q000187:drug effects; D010100:Oxygen / Q000494:pharmacology*; D055668:Photochemical Processes / Q000187:drug effects*; D010944:Plants / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D002244:Carbon; D010100:Oxygen