title: Paraneoplastic hormones: parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) and erythropoietin (EPO) are related to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: To investigate the correlation between parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), erythropoietin (EPO), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Immunohistochemical studies on PTHrP, EPO and VEGF were performed in 249 patients with ccRCC. Serum calcium level and haematocrit were analyzed. The expression of the factors and clinicopathological parameters were studied statistically for possible correlations. The incidence for hypercalcaemia and polycythaemia were 15.3% and 2.0% respectively. Expression of PTHrP, EPO, and VEGF were respectively related to advanced stage (P < 0.0001 respectively). PTHrP was not related to tumour grade. Expressions of EPO and VEGF were correlated to tumour grade significantly. All factors were expressed higher in hypercalcaemic patients. PTHrP, EPO, and VEGF were positively correlated with each other in non-hypercalcaemic patients yet not in hypercalcaemic ones. PTHrP and EPO are related to VEGF expression and to the progression of ccRCC. This finding offers us new insight on the behaviour of ccRCC and offers possible targets in RCC treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Chen-chen
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Guan-xiong
authors.initials: GX
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Ning-hong
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Xuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Zhong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Hao-wen
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ding
mesh_terms: D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006934:Hypercalcemia / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D044162:Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D044162:Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D004921:Erythropoietin; D002118:Calcium