title: Predictive factors for successful balloon catheter extraction of esophageal foreign bodies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Foreign bodies in the esophagus are common in children. Time from ingestion to presentation is variable, and may not be known. Our center usually performs Foley catheter balloon extraction under fluoroscopy as the first step to attempt removal to prevent all patients from going to the operating room. The efficacy of this procedure has been reported. However, information is lacking about the relationship between presentation variables and the likelihood of success.
  
  
  METHODS
  After IRB approval, we performed a retrospective single-center review from January 1988 to August 2011 of children with an esophageal foreign body. Pearson's correlation was used to evaluate the relationship between variables and successful balloon extraction for P < 0.05. A logistic regression was done to evaluate for independence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  819 patients presented with esophageal foreign bodies, with a mean age of 3.3 years. 572 patients underwent balloon extraction, 83 % successful. Mean ingestion duration was 16.6 h with fluoroscopy time of 2.3 min and mean number of attempts was 1.5. Successful balloon extraction had a negative correlation with refusal to eat, respiratory distress, cough, wheeze, upper respiratory infection symptoms, stridor, fever, duration of ingestion >1 day, unwitnessed ingestion, fluoroscopy time and number of balloon catheter attempts. There was a positive correlation between success and both age and duration of ingestion <1 day. Independent predictive factors were number of balloon catheter attempts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with longer duration of ingestion, symptoms from the foreign body and increased number of removal attempts have a decreased likelihood of success with balloon catheter extraction and should not undergo prolonged efforts of removal.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Mercy Hospital and Clinics, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.
authors.forename: Alessandra C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Gasior
authors.forename: E Marty
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Knott
authors.forename: Susan W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Sharp
authors.forename: Charles L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Snyder
authors.forename: Shawn D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: St Peter
mesh_terms: D002404:Catheterization / Q000295:instrumentation; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004947:Esophagus; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D005547:Foreign Bodies / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D012074:Remission Induction; D012189:Retrospective Studies