title: Developing CollaboRATE: a fast and frugal patient-reported measure of shared decision making in clinical encounters.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Measuring the process of shared decision making is a challenge, which constitutes a barrier to research and implementation. The aim of the study was to report the development of CollaboRATE, brief patient-reported measure of shared decision making.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used the following stages: (1) item formulation; (2) cognitive interviews; (3) item refinement; and (4) pilot testing of final items. Participants were over 18 years old, recruited from the public areas of the Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The key finding of this study is that developing a brief patient-reported measure of shared decision making requires a move away from terms such as 'decisions', 'options' and 'preferences'. Although technically correct, these terms act as barriers. They are often unfamiliar, and they also implicitly assume that patients are willing to take active roles in decision making; whereas patients are often unaware that decisions are required, or have taken place, never mind feel that they could or should have participated in them.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These methods have allowed us to develop a brief, patient-reported measure of shared decision making that is highly accessible to intended users.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The potential strength of the CollaboRATE will be the ability for completion in less than 30s, and across a range of routine settings.
authors.affiliation: The Dartmouth Center for Health Care Delivery Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA. glynelwyn@gmail.com
authors.forename: Glyn
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Elwyn
authors.forename: Paul James
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Barr
authors.forename: Stuart W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Grande
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Thom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.forename: Elissa M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Ozanne
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003142:Communication; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D003657:Decision Making; D003661:Decision Support Techniques; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D063868:Patient Outcome Assessment; D010358:Patient Participation / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods* / Q000523:psychology; D018802:Patient-Centered Care; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: Cognitive interviewing; Measurement; Shared decision making