title: Internal mammary artery and vein as recipient vessels in head and neck reconstruction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Free-tissue transfer for head and neck reconstruction has evolved since the mid-1950s. A variety of different recipient arteries and veins have been described for use in head and neck reconstruction. In our experience, the internal mammary artery (IMA) and internal mammary vein (IMV) have become increasingly important for achieving successful microvascular reconstruction.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To illustrate the efficacy of the IMA and IMV recipient vessels in head and neck reconstruction, highlighting the different techniques used to harvest these vessels and outline decision making when approaching a neck where commonly used vessels are unavailable.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective medical record review.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outpatient clinic setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  All free-tissue transfers performed between 2005 and 2011. All patients in whom the IMA or IMV recipient vessels were used were included.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve cases were performed with IMA and IMV harvest.
  
  
  METHODS
  Donor site, flap used, recipient artery and vein, success of transfer, flap survival, and presence of donor site complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The IMA and IMV were harvested in 12 patients, with 11 successful free-tissue transfers. In 1 patient, the vessels were unusable, and a regional tissue transfer was performed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The IMA and IMV are excellent recipient vessels for use in head and neck reconstruction and should be considered for use in challenging reconstructive cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Beth Israel Medical Center, 10 Union Square E, Ste 5B, New York, NY 10003, USA. ajacobson@chpnet.org
authors.forename: Adam S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Jacobson
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Mark L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Urken
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006085:Graft Survival; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008323:Mammary Arteries / Q000637:transplantation*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000098:blood supply; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014680:Veins / Q000637:transplantation*