title: Predictive factors for comorbid psychiatric disorders and their impact on vision-related quality of life in patients with high myopia.
abstract: To determine the incidence of depression and anxiety disorders in patients with high myopia as well as the factors that would predict the development of psychiatric complications and their impact on vision-related quality of life (VR-QoL). Two hundred and five patients with pathologic myopia (axial length ≥26.50 mm) were studied. Incidence of depression and anxiety disorders was determined using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). VR-QoL was determined by the 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire. Incidence of depression was 22.0 % and incidence of anxiety disorder was 25.9 %. Absence of children was the only factor significantly associated with the presence of depression, and a past history of cataract surgery was the only factor significantly associated with the presence of anxiety disorder. Factors which decreased the VR-QoL were in order of importance--anxiety disorder, decreased visual acuity in the best eye, depression, and being female. Responses of the subjects to two HADS statements 'I can laugh and see the funny side of things' and 'I can enjoy a good book or radio or television program' identified 82.2 % of depressed patients, and 'I get sudden feelings of panic' and 'I can sit at ease and feel relaxed' identified 71.7 % of patients with anxiety disorder. Twenty-two to 26 % of highly myopic patients had psychiatric disorders which had a strong negative impact on their VR-QoL. Two statements from the HADS questionnaire can be used to screen highly myopic patients for depression or anxiety disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.
authors.forename: Tae
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yokoi
authors.forename: Muka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moriyama
authors.forename: Kengo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Noriaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tomita
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishikawa
authors.forename: Kyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohno-Matsui
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009216:Myopia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011788:Quality of Life; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires