title: Ectopic pregnancy: a review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ectopic pregnancy (EP) presents a major health problem for women of child-bearing age. EP refers to the pregnancy occurring outside the uterine cavity that constitutes 1.2-1.4 % of all reported pregnancies. All identified risk factors are maternal: pelvic inflammatory disease, Chlamydia trachomatis infection, smoking, tubal surgery, induced conception cycle, and endometriosis. These developments have provided the atmosphere for trials using methotrexate as a non-surgical treatment for EP. The diagnosis measure of EP is serum human chorionic gonadotropin, urinary hCGRP/i-hCG, progesterone measurement, transvaginal ultrasound scan, computed tomography, vascular endothelial growth factor, CK, disintegrin and metalloprotease-12 and hysterosalpingography. The treatment option of EP involves surgical treatment by laparotomy or laparoscopy, medical treatment is usually systemic or through local route, or by expectant treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It was concluded that review data reflect a decrease in surgical treatment and not an actual decline in EP occurrence so that further new avenues are needed to explore early detection of the EP.
authors.affiliation: Siddhartha Institute of Pharmacy, Dehradun, 248001, Uttarakhand, India.
authors.forename: Poonam
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rana
authors.forename: Imran
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kazmi
authors.forename: Rajbala
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Afzal
authors.forename: Fahad A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Al-Abbasi
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aseeri
authors.forename: Rajbir
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Ruqaiyah
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Firoz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Anwar
mesh_terms: D000020:Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011247:Pregnancy; D011271:Pregnancy, Ectopic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D012307:Risk Factors; D058994:Salpingectomy; D012489:Salpingostomy; D057832:Watchful Waiting
chemical_list: D000020:Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal; D008727:Methotrexate