title: Age- and sex-based hematological and biochemical parameters for Macaca fascicularis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) has been increasingly used in biomedical research, making knowledge of its blood-based parameters essential to support the selection of healthy subjects and its use in preclinical research. As age and sex affect these blood-based parameters, it is important to establish baseline indices for these parameters on an age and sex basis and determine the effects of age and sex on these indices.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 917 cynomolgus monkeys (374 males and 543 females) were selected and segregated by age (five groups) and sex. A total of 30 hematological and 22 biochemical parameters were measured, and the effects of age and sex were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline indices for hematological and biochemical parameters were separately established by age and sex. Significant effects by age, sex, and age-sex interaction were observed in a number of blood parameters. In the 49-60 months and 61-72 months age groups, red blood cell count, hemoglobulin, and hematocrit showed significantly lower values (P<0.01) in females than males. Serum alkaline phosphatase varied with age in both sexes (P<0.01) and was significantly higher in females than males (P<0.05) in the groups aged 13-24 months and 25-36 months; however, in the three groups aged over 25-36 months, serum alkaline phosphatase was significantly lower in females than males (P<0.01). Creatinine concentration increased with age (P<0.01) in all age groups; specifically in the groups aged 49-60 months and 61-72 months, creatinine was significantly higher (P<0.01) in males than females. Total protein and globulin both increased with age (P<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The baseline values of hematological and biochemical parameters reported herein establish reference indices of blood-based parameters in the cynomolgus monkey by age and sex, thereby aiding researchers in selecting healthy subjects and evaluating preclinical studies using this species.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Shigang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yongjia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Qinming
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Qingyuan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Leilei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Linke
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Xie
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood*; D000818:Animals; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood*; D004906:Erythrocyte Count; D005260:Female; D005916:Globulins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006403:Hematologic Tests; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis*; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D005916:Globulins; D006454:Hemoglobins; D003404:Creatinine; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase