title: Effects of alternate-day fasting on high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance in rat skeletal muscle.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of alternate-day fasting (ADF) on insulin-stimulated glucose transport activity in skeletal muscle in rats fed a high-fat diet.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Wistar rats were placed on a high-fat diet (n=24) or standard chow diet (Chow, n=12) for 10weeks. Rats fed the high-fat diet were separated into two groups after 4weeks. One group was subjected to ADF for the subsequent 6weeks (HF-ADF, n=12), and the other group was maintained on an ad libitum diet (HF-AL, n=12). After the 10-week dietary intervention, measurements of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and insulin tolerance test (ITT) were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Whereas the total intra-abdominal fat mass in the HF-AL group was significantly higher than in the Chow and HF-ADF groups, there was no significant difference between the Chow and HF-ADF groups. However, insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscles was significantly lower in both high-fat fed groups than in the Chow group. Muscle GLUT-4 protein content in HF-AL is significantly lower (~30%) than in Chow, and further reduction (~42%) was observed in the HF-ADF group rats. The HF-ADF and HF-AL group rats had less reduction in glycemia than did the Chow group rats during ITT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ADF was unable to eliminate high-fat diet-induced muscle insulin resistance, despite a substantial decrease in total intra-abdominal fat mass. This might have resulted from a reduction in GLUT-4 protein in both HF-AL and HF-ADF rats compared to the Chow group.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192, Japan. a026519@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Higashida
authors.forename: Eri
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
authors.forename: Mitsuru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Higuchi
authors.forename: Shin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Terada
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood*; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose
keywords: Alternate-day fasting; GLUT-4; Insulin resistance; Intra-abdominal fat; Rat; Skeletal muscle