title: Coaching interprofessional health care improvement teams: the coachee, the coach and the leader perspectives.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate health care improvement team coaching activities from the perspectives of coachees, coaches and unit leaders in two national improvement collaboratives.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Despite numerous methods to improve health care, inconsistencies in success have been attributed to factors that include unengaged staff, absence of supportive improvement resources and organisational inertia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mixed methods sequential exploratory study design, including quantitative and qualitative data from interprofessional improvement teams who received team coaching. The coachees (n = 382), coaches (n = 9) and leaders (n = 30) completed three different data collection tools identifying coaching actions perceived to support improvement activities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Coachees, coaches and unit leaders in both collaboratives reported generally positive perceptions about team coaching. Four categories of coaching actions were perceived to support improvement work: context, relationships, helping and technical support.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All participants agreed that regardless of who the coach is, emphasis should include the four categories of team coaching actions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Leaders should reflect on their efforts to support improvement teams and consider the four categories of team coaching actions. A structured team coaching model that offers needed encouragement to keep the team energized, seems to support health care improvement.
authors.affiliation: Student, School of Health Sciences, and Jönköping Academy for Improvement of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden; The Dartmouth Institute Microsystem Academy, The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA.
authors.forename: Marjorie M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Godfrey
authors.forename: Boel
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Andersson-Gare
authors.forename: Eugene C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: Mats
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.forename: Gerd
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ahlstrom
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D017144:Focus Groups; D006801:Humans; D007400:Interprofessional Relations; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D007857:Leadership; D010348:Patient Care Team / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards; D058996:Quality Improvement / Q000458:organization & administration
keywords: coaching; collaboratives; facilitation; health care quality improvement; interprofessional teams; leadership