title: Adherence to WCRF/AICR cancer prevention recommendations and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In 2007, the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) and the American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) released eight recommendations related to body fatness, physical activity, and diet aimed at preventing the most common cancers worldwide. However, limited information exists on the association between meeting these recommendations and risks of specific cancers, including breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  We operationalized six recommendations (related to body fatness, physical activity, foods that promote weight gain, plant foods, red and processed meats, and alcohol) and examined their association with invasive breast cancer incidence over 6.7 years of follow-up in the Vitamins and Lifestyle (VITAL) study cohort. Participants included 30,797 postmenopausal women, ages 50-76 years at baseline in 2000-2002 with no history of breast cancer. Breast cancers (n = 899) were tracked through the Western Washington Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Breast cancer risk was reduced by 60% in women who met at least five recommendations compared with those who met none [HR: 0.40; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.25-0.65; Ptrend < 0.001]. Further analyses that sequentially removed individual recommendations least associated with reduced risk suggested that this reduction is due to meeting recommendations related to body fatness, plant foods, and alcohol (HR for meeting vs. not meeting these three recommendations: 0.38; 95% CI: 0.25-0.58; Ptrend < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Meeting the WCRF/AICR cancer prevention recommendations, specifically those related to alcohol, body fatness, and plant foods, is associated with reduced postmenopausal breast cancer incidence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased adherence to the WCRF/AICR cancer prevention recommendations could substantially reduce postmenopausal breast cancer risk in U.S. women.
authors.affiliation: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. thastert@umich.edu
authors.forename: Theresa A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Hastert
authors.forename: Shirley A A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Beresford
authors.forename: Ruth E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Patterson
authors.forename: Alan R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Kristal
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: White
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000502:physiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology