title: [Breast cancer in monozygotic twins].
abstract: CONCLUSIONS
  Breast cancer is a multifactorial disease. Twin studies comparing the disease concordance rate in identical twin pairs serve to differentiate the influence of genetic and environmental factors in the disease development.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess breast cancer risk for an identical twin sister of a patient with breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five monozygotic twin families were examined during 2005- 2011 in which at least one of the monozygotic sisters developed breast cancer.In 4 breast cancer women from 4 families, molecular genetic analysis of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median followup period was 12.6 years (7 to 24 years). No pair of monozygotic sisters was concordant for breast cancer. Familial breast/ ovarian cancer syndrome due to BRCA1 gene mutation was confirmed in one pair. These twins were phenotypically discordant, the first one developing breast cancer at the age of 54 years, her co sister suffering from ovarian cancer at the age of 43 years. In the other 4 nonBRCA families, breast cancer was diagnosed at the age of 38- 50 years (median 44 years) in one of the sisters; the other twins remain healthy through the followup period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We did not observe concordance for breast cancer in 5 pairs of monozygotic twins. Based on results of published studies, the life  time breast cancer risk for a healthy identical twin of a breast cancer nonBRCA woman is around 20- 30 %. Other nonhereditary risk factors must exist to explain the discordant phenotype. This highlights that environmental factors play an important role in breast cancer development. In case of BRCA associated breast cancer, breast cancer risk for the healthy co twin is the same as that for other BRCA mutation carriers, i.e. 45- 85%.
authors.affiliation: Oddeleni Lékarské Genetiky, FN Ostrava. andrea.hladikova1@seznam.cz
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hladíková
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Plevová
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Macháčková
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D004200:Diseases in Twins / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D004777:Environment; D005260:Female; D019398:Genes, BRCA1; D024522:Genes, BRCA2; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014430:Twins, Monozygotic / Q000235:genetics