title: Imprinting on empty hard gelatin capsule shells containing titanium dioxide by application of the UV laser printing technique.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the application of ultraviolet (UV) laser irradiation to printing hard gelatin capsule shells containing titanium dioxide (TiO2) and to clarify how the color strength of the printing by the laser could be controlled by the power of the irradiated laser. Hard gelatin capsule shells containing 3.5% TiO2 were used in this study. The capsules were irradiated with pulsed UV laser at a wavelength of 355 nm. The color strength of the printed capsule was determined by a spectrophotometer as total color difference (dE). The capsules could be printed gray by the UV laser. The formation of many black particles which were agglomerates of oxygen-defected TiO2 was associated with the printing. In the relationship between laser peak power of a pulse and dE, there were two inflection points. The lower point was the minimal laser peak power to form the black particles and was constant regardless of the dosage forms, for example film-coated tablets, soft gelatin capsules and hard gelatin capsules. The upper point was the minimal laser peak power to form micro-bubbles in the shells and was variable with the formulation. From the lower point to the upper point, the capsules were printed gray and the dE of the printing increased linearly with the laser peak power. Hard gelatin capsule shells containing TiO2 could be printed gray using the UV laser printing technique. The color strength of the printing could be controlled by regulating the laser energy between the two inflection points.
authors.affiliation: Manufacturing Department Misato Plant, Eisai Co., Ltd. , Misato, Kodama, Saitama , Japan .
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hosokawa
authors.forename: Yoshiteru
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Katsuhide
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Terada
mesh_terms: D002214:Capsules / Q000737:chemistry*; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D003116:Color; D005780:Gelatin / Q000737:chemistry*; D007834:Lasers; D013607:Tablets / Q000737:chemistry; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods*; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D002214:Capsules; D013607:Tablets; C009495:titanium dioxide; D005780:Gelatin; D014025:Titanium
keywords: Color strength; UV laser; hard gelatin capsules; peak power; printing; titanium dioxide; total color difference