title: A predictive nomogram for recurrence of carcinoma of the major salivary glands.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This nomogram quantifies the risk of recurrence in patients with carcinoma of the major salivary glands. It may facilitate patient counseling on prognosis and may help guide management and posttreatment surveillance in these patients.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify factors predictive of recurrence after primary surgical treatment of carcinoma of the major salivary glands and create a nomogram that could be used to predict the risk of recurrence in an individual patient. DESIGN Retrospective case series. SETTING Single institution tertiary care cancer center.
  
  
  METHODS
  After institutional review board approval, 301 patients with previously untreated malignant salivary gland tumors treated at our institution between the years 1985 and 2009 were identified. Among the 301 patients, the median age was 62 (range, 9-89) years and 156 (52%) were male. Patient, tumor, and treatment characteristics were recorded from a retrospective analysis of patient medical charts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Overall mortality was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Disease-specific mortality and recurrence risk were estimated with cumulative incidence rate. Factors predictive of recurrence were identified using univariate analysis. A Cox proportional hazard model was used to select predictors for the predictive nomogram.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With a median follow-up of 43 (range, 1-264) months, the 5-year overall mortality, disease-specific mortality, and recurrence rate were 30%, 28%, and 33%, respectively. There were 70 recurrences (18 local, 12 regional, and 56 distant). The 5 variables most predictive for recurrence were age, grade, vascular and perineural invasion, and nodal metastasis. These variables were selected to generate the nomogram, which had a high concordance index of 0.85.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We introduce a clinically useful nomogram that quantifies the risk of recurrence in carcinomas of the major salivary gland. By quantifying risk for an individual patient, this would enable the clinician to give more accurate prognostic information to the patient resulting in better patient counseling.
authors.affiliation: Head and Neck Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Safina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: Frank L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: Changhong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: DiLorenzo
authors.forename: Jatin P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Michael W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Kattan
authors.forename: Snehal G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ganly
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000473:pathology*; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000401:mortality; D049451:Nomograms; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012468:Salivary Gland Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D015996:Survival Rate