title: GABA networks destabilize genetic oscillations in the circadian pacemaker.
abstract: Systems of coupled oscillators abound in nature. How they establish stable phase relationships under diverse conditions is fundamentally important. The mammalian suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is a self-sustained, synchronized network of circadian oscillators that coordinates daily rhythms in physiology and behavior. To elucidate the underlying topology and signaling mechanisms that modulate circadian synchrony, we discriminated the firing of hundreds of SCN neurons continuously over days. Using an analysis method to identify functional interactions between neurons based on changes in their firing, we characterized a GABAergic network comprised of fast, excitatory, and inhibitory connections that is both stable over days and changes in strength with time of day. By monitoring PERIOD2 protein expression, we provide the first evidence that these millisecond-level interactions actively oppose circadian synchrony and inject jitter into daily rhythms. These results provide a mechanism by which circadian oscillators can tune their phase relationships under different environmental conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
authors.forename: G Mark
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Freeman
authors.forename: Rebecca M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Krock
authors.forename: Sara J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Aton
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Thaben
authors.forename: Erik D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Herzog
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D003078:Colchicine / Q000494:pharmacology; D018756:GABA Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D008156:Luciferases / Q000235:genetics; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009433:Neural Inhibition / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D056950:Period Circadian Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D010507:Periodicity; D011724:Pyridazines / Q000494:pharmacology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D013493:Suprachiasmatic Nucleus / Q000166:cytology; D013997:Time Factors; D050257:Tubulin Modulators / Q000494:pharmacology; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide / Q000172:deficiency; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018756:GABA Antagonists; C513312:Per2 protein, mouse; D056950:Period Circadian Proteins; D011724:Pyridazines; D050257:Tubulin Modulators; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; C049853:gabazine; D008156:Luciferases; D003078:Colchicine