title: Assessment of oxidant/antioxidant status in saliva of cell phone users.
abstract: Hazardous health effects resulting from exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) emitted from cell phones have been reported in the literature. However, the cellular and molecular targets of RF-EMR are still controversial. The aim of this study was to examine the oxidant/antioxidant status in saliva of cell phone users. Saliva samples collected before using a cell phone as well as at the end of 15 and 30 min calls were tested for two commonly used oxidative stress biomarkers: malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-Oxo-dG). The 8-oxo-dG levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) competitive assay, while the MDA levels were measured using the OxiSelect MDA adduct ELISA Kit. The antioxidant capacity of the saliva was evaluated using the oxygen radical absorption capacity (ORAC) and the hydroxyl radical averting capacity (HORAC) assays according to the manufacture instructions. The mean 8-oxo-dG and the Bradford protein concentrations (ng/ml and mg/ml, respectively) peaked at 15 min. The levels of HORAC, ORAC and MDA progressively increased with time and reached maximum at 30 min. However, there was no significant effect of talking time on the levels of 8-OxodG and MDA. Similarly, there was no statistically significant effect of talking time on the oxygen and hydroxyl radicals averting capacities, (ORAC) and (HORAC), respectively. These findings suggest that there is no relationship between exposure to radio frequency radiation (RFR) and changes in the salivary oxidant/antioxidant profile.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Taibah University , Almadina Almunawwarah , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia .
authors.forename: Ahmad M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Khalil
authors.forename: Khalid M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Abu Khadra
authors.forename: Ahmad M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Aljaberi
authors.forename: Marwan H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Gagaa
authors.forename: Hamzah S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Issa
mesh_terms: D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D065638:Absorption, Radiation; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D040421:Cell Phone; D003849:Deoxyguanosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D016877:Oxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000528:radiation effects; D011846:Radio Waves / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012463:Saliva / Q000528:radiation effects*; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D016877:Oxidants; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D003849:Deoxyguanosine