title: A pilot study of screening, brief intervention, and referral for treatment (SBIRT) in non-treatment seeking smokers with HIV.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  PLHIV have higher rates of smoking and lower motivation to quit smoking; thus to impact smoking rates, cessation interventions need to be acceptable to a wider range of PLHIV smokers as well as feasible to implement in a busy clinical setting. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the acceptability, feasibility, and effects of a Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral for Treatment (SBIRT) model in an HIV/AIDS clinic among a sample of PLHIV.
  
  
  METHODS
  PLHIV smokers (N=40) were randomized at baseline, irrespective of their self-reported discrete smoking cessation motivation status, to receive either 8-weeks of combination nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) in conjunction with brief counseling (SBIRT framework) (n=23) or usual care (n=17). Smoking outcome measures included cigarettes smoked per day, nicotine dependence, smoking urge, and smoking withdrawal symptoms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The SBIRT intervention appeared to be acceptable and feasible, and produced medium to large reductions in cigarettes smoked per day, physical nicotine dependence, smoking urge, and smoking withdrawal symptoms, even for smokers not ready to quit within 6months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings provide preliminary support for the integration of an SBIRT model in an HIV/AIDS clinic setting to screen and provide active treatment to all smokers, regardless of readiness to quit smoking. Given the high prevalence and incredible health burden of continued smoking in this population, identifying brief and effective interventions that are easily translated into clinical practice represents an enormous challenge that if met, will yield significant improvements to overall patient outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35209, USA. kcropsey@uab.edu
authors.forename: Karen L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Cropsey
authors.forename: Peter S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Hendricks
authors.forename: Bianca
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jardin
authors.forename: C Brendan
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Nandan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Katiyar
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Willig
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mugavero
authors.forename: James L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Raper
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saag
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Carpenter
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000407:Alabama; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003376:Counseling; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D057194:Intention to Treat Analysis; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D008960:Models, Psychological; D009042:Motivation; D009538:Nicotine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000523:psychology*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods* / Q000523:psychology; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D061485:Tobacco Use Cessation Devices
chemical_list: D018722:Nicotinic Agonists; D009538:Nicotine
keywords: AIDS; HIV; Pilot Study; SBIRT; Smoking Cessation