title: A study of caloric restriction versus standard diet in overweight men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Obese men have an increased risk of prostate cancer (PCa)-specific mortality. Potential mechanisms include insulin and related proteins. We investigate whether a short-term caloric restriction diet in overweight/obese men with newly diagnosed PCa can lead to measurable changes in patient anthropometrics and insulin-related proteins.
  
  
  METHODS
  Overweight and obese PCa patients choosing active surveillance or radical prostatectomy were randomized to a 6-week, caloric-restricted diet or to continue their current diet. Changes from baseline to end of study in anthropometrics, dietary constituents and serum proteins (insulin, c-peptide, IGF-1, adiponectin, IGF-BP3) were compared between the intervention and control groups using a Generalized Estimating Equation model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nineteen patients were randomized to the intervention (N = 10) or control (N = 9) group. Men in the intervention group had a 1.7% (3.7 lbs) mean decline in weight versus 1.0% (2.0 lbs) in controls (P < 0.05), and a reduced intake of calories, total and saturated fat, protein and starch (all P < 0.1 compared to controls). There was a significant difference (P = 0.002) in mean serum IGFBP-3 between the intervention (+2.8%) and control group (-6.9%). Other biomarkers changed with the diet intervention to a degree similar to previous weight loss studies but were not statistically significant compared with controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this small pilot study, a 6-week caloric restricted diet in men with newly diagnosed PCa produced changes in weight, diet and serum proteins possibly related to prognosis. These results support larger-scale trials testing longer-term weight loss effects on potential PCa progression biomarkers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98109-1024, USA. jlwright@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: Jonathan L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Plymate
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: D'Oria-Cameron
authors.forename: Carolyn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bain
authors.forename: Kathy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Haugk
authors.forename: Liren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Daniel W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Janet L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Stanford
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McTiernan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D031204:Caloric Restriction / Q000379:methods*; D018752:Diet, Fat-Restricted / Q000379:methods; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D050177:Overweight / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000502:physiology
keywords: diet; obesity; prostate cancer; randomized