title: Disseminated granuloma annulare: study on eight cases.
abstract: Granuloma annulare (GA) is classified as localized, generalized/disseminated, subcutaneous, and perforating types. The studies show connection with diabetes mellitus, lipidic metabolic disorders, malignant diseases, thyroid disorders, infections (HBV, HCV, HIV). We performed a retrospective study between 2010-2011, regarding disseminated GA (GAD), and the relationship between GAD and other comorbidities. We clinically and histologically diagnosed eight cases of GAD. The patients were also investigated for the diagnosis of associated diseases. The treatment included topical corticosteroids, antihistamines, Calcipotriol/Betamethasone, Tacrolimus 0.03%, Pentoxifylline, Hydroxychloroquine. Therapeutic response was assessed one month and three months after hospitalization. Our patients were five women and three men, aged 46-68 years, mean age 57.25 years, with a disease history of one year and a half (between three months and four years). The lesions occurred in the upper extremities (eight cases), distal extremities (three cases), cervical area (two cases), and trunk (five cases). In seven cases, we found annular appearance and one patient had disseminated small papules eruption. Associated pathology was diabetes mellitus type II (five cases), overweight and obesity (five cases), dyslipidemia (three cases), hypothyroidism (one case), rheumatoid arthritis (one case), external ear canal basal carcinoma (one case). Although there is controversy regarding the relationship between GAD and associated diseases, it is accepted that it is significantly associated with diabetes mellitus, also found in our study in five out of eight cases. We noticed obvious improvements after local and general treatment. It is confirmed that GAD is prevalent in women, over 40-year-old. GAD is often associated with diabetes and dyslipidemia, therefore it is necessary to investigate patients in this direction. The histopathological exam is essential for an accurate confirmation of GA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania. vm.patrascu@gmail.com
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pătraşcu
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Giurcă
authors.forename: Raluca Niculina
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Ciurea
authors.forename: Claudia Valentina
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Georgescu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D003879:Dermatologic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D016460:Granuloma Annulare / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D006633:Histamine Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010431:Pentoxifylline / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D003879:Dermatologic Agents; D006633:Histamine Antagonists; D010431:Pentoxifylline