title: UK Renal Registry 15th annual report: Chapter 4 demography of the UK paediatric renal replacement therapy population in 2011.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the demographics of the paediatric RRT population under the age of 16 years in the UK and to analyse changes in demography with time.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected from all 13 paediatric renal centres within the UK. A series of cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses were performed to describe the demographics of paediatric RRT patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 856 children and young people under 18 with ERF were receiving treatment at paediatric nephrology centres in 2011. At the census date, 80.1% had a functioning transplant, 10.5% were receiving peritoneal dialysis (PD) and 9.4% were receiving haemodialysis (HD). In patients aged <16 years the prevalence of ERF was 56.8 pmarp and the incidence 8.3 pmarp. Analysis of trends over the last 15 years shows that both incidence and prevalence are increasing. A third of the prevalent patients had one or more reported comorbidities. At transfer to adult services, 86% of patients had a functioning renal transplant. Pre-emptive transplantation was seen to occur in 31% of children starting RRT under 16 years, with lower rates seen in girls and ethnic minorities. Survival in childhood amongst children starting RRT was the lowest in those aged less than 2 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data provided in this report show increasing trends over 15 years in the incidence and prevalence of established renal failure. This is important for the planning of the provision of care for children needing renal replacement therapy. Further research is required to understand the gender and ethnic differences in pre-emptive transplantation rates and the reduced survival amongst children aged less than 2 years.
authors.affiliation: UK Renal Registry, Bristol, UK.
authors.forename: Rishi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pruthi
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Casula
authors.forename: Fiona
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Braddon
authors.forename: Malcolm
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Maxwell
authors.forename: Yincent
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tse
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Inward
authors.forename: Manish D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Sinha
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017677:Age Distribution; D000847:Annual Reports as Topic; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000401:mortality* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D008297:Male; D009398:Nephrology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends; D015995:Prevalence; D012042:Registries; D017582:Renal Replacement Therapy / Q000401:mortality* / Q000639:trends*; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology