title: Molecular cytogenetic evaluation of the efficacy of photodynamic therapy by indocyanine green in breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7 cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is used for the treatment of many types of predominantly epithelial cancers. Photosensitizer is taken up by fast growing tumor cells more actively than by other body cells and is activated by light, generating reactive oxygen species that cause cell death by necrosis or apoptosis. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of PDT with indocyanine green (ICG) through the investigation of TP53, HER-2 and TOP2A genes signals as breast cancer gene markers by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (nuc-FISH).
  
  
  METHODS
  The photosynthetizer ICG (200 μM) was applied to breast cancer cell line MCF-7 cells (adenocarcinoma) in combination with laser irradiation (807 nm) exposure for 20 min and then incubated for 12, 24 and 48 h. Cell viability was evaluated using trypan blue. The signals for nuc-FISH was investigated and counted for probes specific for the genes TP53 (17p13), HER-2 (17q11.2-q12), and TOP2A (17q21-q22), and BAC-probes RP11-746M1 in 17p11.2 and RP11-403E9 in 17q11.2.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cell viability of MCF-7 did not reduced significantly when the cells were treated with ICG (200 μM) or exposed to laser irradiation for 20 min followed by incubation for 24 h. ICG/PDT treatment with laser irradiation exposure for 20 min reduced the cell viability after incubating cells for 12, 24 and 48 h highly significantly in a time dependent manner. For nuc-FISH analysis, TP53, HER-2, TOP2A, RP11-746M1 and RP11-403E9 signals did not reduce or increase in a significant manner when the cells were treated with ICG or exposed to laser irradiation for 20 min then incubated for 24h. PDT enhanced amplification of TP53 signals from nuc ish 17p13(TP53×2) to nuc ish 17p13(TP53×3) or nuc ish 17p13(TP53×4). However, the signals of HER-2 gene, TOP2A gene and BAC probes were reduced highly significantly when MCF-7 cells were treated with PDT with all time intervals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ICG/PDT and laser induced cytotoxic effect in MCF-7 cells. Also, PDT enhanced TP53 gene amplification, and reduced HER-2, TOP2A, and BAC probes RP11-746M1 and RP11-403E9 signals. Therefore ICG/PDT can be used for breast cancer treatment. It has the potential to induce apoptotic effect and reduce HER-2 and TOP2A genes propagation. Further in vivo studies are needed to evaluate ICG/PDT as a promising therapeutic approach for breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Genetics and Cytology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division, National Research Center, Dokki 12622, Cairo, Egypt. monaabozeid@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Mona A M
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Abo-Zeid
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Liehr
authors.forename: Sherien M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: El-Daly
authors.forename: Amira M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Gamal-Eldeen
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Glei
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shabaka
authors.forename: Samarth
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhatt
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hamid
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics*; D020732:Cytogenetic Analysis / Q000379:methods; D005819:Genetic Markers / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D005819:Genetic Markers; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D007208:Indocyanine Green