title: Cervical necrotizing fasciitis and diabetic ketoacidosis: literature review and case report.
abstract: Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a rare polymicrobial infection that can be life-threatening. It is a rapidly progressive inflammatory process affecting the deep fascia, with secondary necrosis of the subcutaneous tissue. It is characterized by its fulminant course and its high mortality rate. Most cases of NF affect the abdomen, groin, and extremities. NF in the neck is reported to be rare and most cases are odontogenic in origin. Misdiagnosis and delayed treatment can result in death from sepsis, mediastinitis, carotid artery erosion, jugular vein thrombophlebitis, or aspiration pneumonia. The diagnosis is based on a combination of clinical history and predisposing factors, Gram staining and culture, imaging, and surgical exploration. Early and aggressive surgical treatment and intensive medical care are essential. The aim of this article is to report a case of severe and extensive cervical NF worsened by a diabetic ketoacidosis as a first appearance of diabetes mellitus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: pdeleyva@gmail.com.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Leyva
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Herrero
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Eslava
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Acero
mesh_terms: D058365:Candidiasis, Invasive / Q000150:complications*; D016883:Diabetic Ketoacidosis / Q000150:complications*; D019115:Fasciitis, Necrotizing / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009333:Neck / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000150:complications*
keywords: cervical necrotizing fasciitis; diabetes mellitus; skin graft