title: Mucosal application of cationic poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) microparticles as carriers of DNA vaccine and adjuvants to protect chickens against infectious bursal disease.
abstract: Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is an immunosuppressive virus of chickens. The virus protein (VP) 2 induces neutralizing antibodies, which protect chickens against the disease. The aim of this study was to develop a cationic poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microparticle (MP) based IBDV-VP2 DNA vaccine (MP-IBDV-DNA) for chickens to be delivered orally and by eye drop route. The tested IBDV-VP2 DNA vaccines were immunogenic for specific-pathogen-free chickens and induced an antibody response after intramuscular application. Co-inoculation with a plasmid encoding chicken IL-2 (chIL-2) or CpG-ODN did not significantly improve protection against IBDV challenge. However, the application of a MP-IBDV-DNA vaccine alone or in combination with a delayed oral and eye drop application of cationic MP loaded with CpG-ODN or chIL-2 improved protection against challenge. The MP-IBDV-DNA-vaccinated chickens showed less pathological and histopathological bursal lesions, a reduced IBDV antigen load as well as T-cell influx into the bursa of Fabricius (BF) compared to the other groups (p<0.05). The addition of chIL-2 loaded MP improved challenge virus clearance from the BF as demonstrated by lower neutralizing antibody titers and reduced IL-4 and IFN-α mRNA expression in the bursa at 7 days postchallenge compared to the other challenged groups. Overall, the efficacy of the IBDV-DNA vaccine was improved by adsorption of the DNA vaccine onto cationic PLGA-MP, which also allowed mucosal application of the DNA vaccine.
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Tamiru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Negash
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liman
authors.forename: Silke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rautenschlein
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D058956:Administration, Mucosal; D000818:Animals; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000097:blood; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D018175:Birnaviridae Infections / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D002060:Bursa of Fabricius / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D002645:Chickens / Q000276:immunology; D007243:Infectious bursal disease virus; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000276:immunology; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000276:immunology; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014611:Vaccination / Q000662:veterinary; D019444:Vaccines, DNA / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D019562:Viral Load; D015678:Viral Structural Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D000956:Antigens, Viral; C408982:CPG-oligonucleotide; D007376:Interleukin-2; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; C082513:VP2 protein, infectious bursal disease virus; D019444:Vaccines, DNA; D015678:Viral Structural Proteins; D014765:Viral Vaccines; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D015847:Interleukin-4; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; D007371:Interferon-gamma
keywords: Adjuvant; ChIL-2; Chicken; CpG-ODN; DNA; DNA vaccine; IBDV; MP; PLGA; Poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) microparticles; Tregs; VP2; chicken interleukin 2; deoxyribonucleic acid; infectious bursal disease virus; microparticles; oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) containing CpG; poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide); regulatory T-cells; virus protein 2