title: Treatment effects of the Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device used with miniscrew anchorage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the dentofacial effects of the Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device (FRD) used with miniscrew anchorage (FRDMS) and compare them with those of conventional FRD and an untreated Class II control group.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample consisted of 48 Class II subjects. Sixteen patients (13.68 ± 1.09 years of age) were treated with FRDMS, whereas 17 subjects (14.64 ± 1.56 years of age) were treated with only FRD. Also, a control sample of 15 untreated Class II subjects (14.13 ± 1.50 years of age) was constructed. Angular and linear measurements were made on 96 lateral cephalograms. Paired t, one-way analysis of variance, and Tukey tests were used for statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Class I molar relationship and overjet correction were achieved in an average period of 6.5 ± 1.97 and 5.5 ± 1.80 months in the FRDMS and FRD groups, respectively. No skeletal effect was determined in both treatment groups. Greater overbite correction was found in the FRD group. Retrusion and extrusion of maxillary incisors, distalization of maxillary molars, and extrusion of mandibular molars were significant in both treatment groups. Labial tipping of mandibular incisors was significantly greater in the FRD group than in the FRDMS group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overjet and molar correction was totally dentoalveolar. Unfavorable labial tipping of mandibular incisors was effectively minimized with the usage of miniscrews.
authors.affiliation: a  Research Assistant, Gazi University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Belma I
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Aslan
authors.forename: Ebru
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kucukkaraca
authors.forename: Cagri
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Turkoz
authors.forename: Mufide
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dincer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001863:Bone Screws; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000628:therapy*; D008334:Mandible / Q000473:pathology; D008437:Maxilla / Q000473:pathology; D008904:Miniaturization; D008963:Molar / Q000473:pathology; D009295:Nasal Bone / Q000473:pathology; D052280:Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation*; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D017289:Orthodontic Appliances, Functional; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D009969:Orthodontic Wires; D057887:Overbite / Q000628:therapy; D012658:Sella Turcica / Q000473:pathology; D013193:Stainless Steel / Q000737:chemistry; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D013193:Stainless Steel