title: Metabolic, hemodynamic and structural adjustments to low intensity exercise training in a metabolic syndrome model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The increase in fructose consumption is paralleled by a higher incidence of metabolic syndrome, and consequently, cardiovascular disease mortality. We examined the effects of 8 weeks of low intensity exercise training (LET) on metabolic, hemodynamic, ventricular and vascular morphological changes induced by fructose drinking in male rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Wistar rats were divided into (n = 8 each) control (C), sedentary fructose (F) and ET fructose (FT) groups. Fructose-drinking rats received D-fructose (100 g/l). FT rats were assigned to a treadmill training protocol at low intensity (30% of maximal running speed) during 1 h/day, 5 days/week for 8 weeks. Measurements of triglyceride concentrations, white adipose tissue (WAT) and glycemia were carried out together with insulin tolerance test to evaluate metabolic profile. Arterial pressure (AP) signals were directly recorded. Baroreflex sensitivity (BS) was evaluated by the tachycardic and bradycardic responses. Right atria, left ventricle (LV) and ascending aorta were prepared to morphoquantitative analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LET reduced WAT (-37.7%), triglyceride levels (-33%), systolic AP (-6%), heart weight/body weight (-20.5%), LV (-36%) and aortic (-76%) collagen fibers, aortic intima-media thickness and circumferential wall tension in FT when compared to F rats. Additionally, FT group presented improve of BS, numerical density of atrial natriuretic peptide granules (+42%) and LV capillaries (+25%), as well as the number of elastic lamellae in aorta compared with F group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that LET, a widely recommended practice, seems to be particularly effective for preventing metabolic, hemodynamic and morphological disorders triggered by MS.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Morvan
authors.forename: Nathalia Edviges Alves
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.forename: Jacqueline Freire
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Machi
authors.forename: Cristiano
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mostarda
authors.forename: Kátia
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: De Angelis
authors.forename: Maria Cláudia
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Irigoyen
authors.forename: Rogério Brandão
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Wichi
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.forename: Laura Beatriz Mesiano
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Maifrino
mesh_terms: D052436:Adipose Tissue, White / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D050154:Adiposity; D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D062186:Arterial Pressure; D017704:Baroreflex; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005632:Fructose; D006339:Heart Rate; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006439:Hemodynamics; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D013997:Time Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D066253:Vascular Remodeling; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D014280:Triglycerides; D005632:Fructose