title: Chromatin and epigenetic features of long-range gene regulation.
abstract: The precise regulation of gene transcription during metazoan development is controlled by a complex system of interactions between transcription factors, histone modifications and modifying enzymes and chromatin conformation. Developments in chromosome conformation capture technologies have revealed that interactions between regions of chromatin are pervasive and highly cell-type specific. The movement of enhancers and promoters in and out of higher-order chromatin structures within the nucleus are associated with changes in expression and histone modifications. However, the factors responsible for mediating these changes and determining enhancer:promoter specificity are still not completely known. In this review, we summarize what is known about the patterns of epigenetic and chromatin features characteristic of elements involved in long-range interactions. In addition, we review the insights into both local and global patterns of chromatin interactions that have been revealed by the latest experimental and computational methods.
authors.affiliation: MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London W12 0NN, UK, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London W12 0NN, UK and Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Thromøhlensgate 55, N-5008 Bergen, Norway.
authors.forename: Nathan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Harmston
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lenhard
mesh_terms: D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002843:Chromatin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D042002:Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly; D002877:Chromosomes, Human / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D015894:Genome, Human; D006657:Histones / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; D006657:Histones