title: The challenge of chronic lung disease in HIV-infected children and adolescents.
abstract: Until recently, little attention has been given to chronic lung disease (CLD) in HIV-infected children. As the HIV epidemic matures in sub-Saharan Africa, adolescents who acquired HIV by vertical transmission are presenting to health services with chronic diseases. The most common is CLD, which is often debilitating. This review summarizes the limited data available on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical picture, special investigations and management of CLD in HIV-infected adolescents. A number of associated conditions: lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis, tuberculosis and bronchiectasis are well described. Other pathologies such as HIV-associated bronchiolitis obliterans resulting in non-reversible airway obstruction, has only recently been described. In this field, there are many areas of uncertainty needing urgent research. These areas include the definition of CLD, pathophysiological mechanisms and common pathologies responsible. Very limited data are available to formulate an effective plan of investigation and management.
authors.affiliation: Rural Clinical School, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Burnie, Tasmania, Australia. heinrich.weber@dhhs.tas.gov.au
authors.forename: Heinrich C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: Robert P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Gie
authors.forename: Mark F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Cotton
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017954:Africa South of the Sahara; D002648:Child; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy
keywords: HIV; LIP; adolescent; bronchiectasis; children; chronic lung disease; tuberculosis (TB)