title: Animal models of gastric bleeding induced by dual antiplatelet therapy using aspirin and clopidogrel--prophylactic effect of antiulcer drugs.
abstract: We set up two models of gastric bleeding in rats using low-dose aspirin (ASA) and the antiplatelet drug clopidogrel, a P2Y₁₂ receptor antagonist, and examined the effect of antiulcer drugs on gastric bleeding and ulcerogenic responses under such conditions. Under urethane anesthesia, two catheters were inserted into the rat stomach, one from the esophagus and another through the pylorus via an incision in the duodenum. In the first model, the stomach was perfused with 25 mM ASA dissolved in 50 mM HCl using an infusion pump, and gastric bleeding was measured as the hemoglobin concentration in perfusate collected every 15 min. In the second model, the stomach was perfused with ASA under stimulation of acid secretion by a continuous i.v. infusion of histamine (8 mg/kg/hr). Clopidogrel (30 mg/kg) was given p.o. 24 h before the ASA perfusion, while antiulcer drugs were given i.d. or i.v. 30 min before. Perfusion of the stomach with acidified ASA or ASA under histamine-stimulated acid secretion caused minimal bleeding in the stomach with few lesions. The ulcerogenic and bleeding responses to ASA under these conditions were markedly aggravated by pretreatment with clopidogrel, which by itself provoked neither bleeding nor damage. Antiulcer drugs, such as prostaglandin E₂, irsogladine, rebamipide and teprenone, reduced the severity of gastric bleeding and damage in response to ASA plus clopidogrel in the presence of both exogenous and endogenous acid. In contrast, antisecretory drugs such as a proton pump inhibitor and histamine H₂ receptor antagonists markedly suppressed the gastric bleeding and lesion responses to ASA plus clopidogrel under histamine-stimulated acid secretion, but had no effect on the responses to acidified ASA plus clopidogrel. These results suggest that clopidogrel increases gastric bleeding induced by ASA and that antiulcer drugs are useful for preventing gastric bleeding caused by the dual antiplatelet therapy.
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.forename: Chitose
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Izuhara
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takayama
authors.forename: Takumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Momode
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kojo
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Pathological Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan. takeuchi@mb.kyoto-phu.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Kikuko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Amagase
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001241:Aspirin / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004357:Drug Synergism; D006635:Histamine H2 Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010438:Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D013276:Stomach Ulcer / Q000150:complications* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013988:Ticlopidine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*
chemical_list: D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents; D006635:Histamine H2 Antagonists; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D013988:Ticlopidine; D001241:Aspirin