title: Transplantation tolerance.
abstract: Tolerance has been defined as graft-specific survival in the absence of continued immunosuppression. The mechanisms of central and peripheral tolerance are discussed in this review, as well as the barriers and limitations in achieving graft-specific tolerance. The need remains for definitive laboratory assays to determine the presence of a tolerant state. Genetic biomarker analysis pre-transplant may allow for better donor: recipient matching, lessening the need for immunosuppression, while post-transplant analysis of biomarkers, certain cytokines, and regulatory leukocytes may permit minimally invasive assessment of graft function and potentially, of graft-specific tolerance.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Surgery and Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Colin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brinkman
authors.forename: Bryna
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Burrell
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Scalea
authors.forename: Jonathan S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Bromberg
mesh_terms: D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D005819:Genetic Markers / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D006084:Graft Rejection; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy; D008967:Molecular Biology / Q000379:methods*; D014019:Tissue Donors; D023001:Transplantation Tolerance / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D005819:Genetic Markers