title: Interleukin-18 can predict pre-clinical atherosclerosis and poor glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Contradictory reports about the role of cytokines, particularly interleukins (IL) in atherosclerosis are found in the literature.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study was aimed to investigate the association between the levels of cytokines notably IL-4, IL-12, IL-18 and, the atherogenicity and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy five patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (25 males and 50 females) attending diabetic clinic during 1st August 2008 to 30th December 2009 as well as seventy healthy subjects (38 males and 32 female) were enrolled in the study. Fasting serum lipid profile and IL-4, IL-12 and IL-18 levels were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The serum lipid profile of diabetic patients was significantly different from healthy subjects, favoring atherogenicity. IL 4, 12, and 18 were significantly higher in diabetic patients compared with healthy subjects. Significant association of high serum IL-18 with poor glycemic control (P < 0.001) assessed by HbA1c, long duration of diabetes and atherogenic index were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IL-18 can serve as a predictor for pre-clinical atherosclerosis and poor glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
authors.affiliation: Senior lecturer in Immunology, Director of Postgraduate Studies and Scientific Affairs, Presidency of Hawler Medical University, Kurdustan, Erbil, Iraq.
authors.forename: Zhian M Ibrahim
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Dezayee
keywords: Atherogenicity; HbA1c; IL-18; type 2 diabetes