title: Pneumothorax in the newborn: clinical presentation, risk factors and outcomes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to compare clinical presentation and risk factors associated with the development of pneumothorax among newborns of different birth weight (BW) categories.
  
  
  METHODS
  We collected clinical and respiratory data on all newborns diagnosed with pneumothorax over a 10-year period. Infants were classified into two groups with BW ≥ 2500 g and <2500 g.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From 13,811 infants, we identified 77 with pneumothorax (BW ≥ 2500 g in 33 and BW <2500 g in 44 infants). The prevalence of pneumothorax in the two BW categories was 0.27% and 2.5%, respectively. Infants with BW ≥ 2500 g were diagnosed with neumothorax at a median age of 5.5 h, and mostly (70%) did not require intubation. Infants with BW <2500 g were diagnosed with pneumothorax at a median age of 34 h, presenting with hypercarbia and increased requirement for supplemental oxygen. The majority of these infants (89%) received mechanical ventilation after pneumothorax. When compared to matched controls, there was a lower proportion of African-American infants in the pneumothorax group (48% versus 73%, p = 0.029) and a higher rate of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (30% versus 7%, p = 0.004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Onset, presentation and management of pneumothorax varied according to BW. Preterm infants with pneumothorax are at increased risk for developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, The George Washington University and the Children's National Medical Center , Washington, DC , USA.
authors.forename: Hany
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aly
authors.forename: An
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Massaro
authors.forename: Ceyda
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Acun
authors.forename: Maide
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ozen
mesh_terms: D001724:Birth Weight; D001997:Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia / Q000209:etiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D045422:Continuous Positive Airway Pressure; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D016555:Matched-Pair Analysis; D011030:Pneumothorax / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D012307:Risk Factors