title: Cardiovascular disease risk factors associated with low level of physical activity in postmenopausal Polish women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether physical activity level could have an effect on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in Polish postmenopausal women.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied the associations of physical activity (PA) level with obesity indices, unfavorable lipid profile parameters and the insulin resistance index HOMA in 343 postmenopausal Polish women selected from an urban population, aged 50-60.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the tested sample, a low level of PA significantly increased odds ratios for CVD risk factors such as BMI ≥ 30 kg/m(2), total body fat (TBF) > 75 th percentile, gynoid fat deposit (GFD) > 75 th percentile, total cholesterol (TC) ≥ 5 mM, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) > 3 mM and HOMA ≥ 1.95.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Obesity and some metabolic CVD risk factors in postmenopausal women are directly associated with low PA level. Postmenopausal urban women should be persuaded to be physically active, as even moderate activity level seems to be sufficient to reduce the CVD risk in this group of individuals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Promotion, University School of Physical Education, Wroclaw, Poland. felicitas1@wp.pl
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lwow
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jedrzejuk
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dunajska
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Milewicz
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Szmigiero
mesh_terms: D050218:Body Fat Distribution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000502:physiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires