title: Increased bisecting N-acetylglucosamine and decreased branched chain glycans of N-linked glycoproteins in expressed prostatic secretions associated with prostate cancer progression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Using prostatic fluids rich in glycoproteins like prostate-specific antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), the goal of this study was to identify the structural types and relative abundance of glycans associated with prostate cancer status for subsequent use in emerging MS-based glycopeptide analysis platforms.
  
  
  METHODS
  A series of pooled samples of expressed prostatic secretions (EPS) and exosomes reflecting different stages of prostate cancer disease were used for N-linked glycan profiling by three complementary methods, MALDI-TOF profiling, normal-phase HPLC separation, and triple quadropole MS analysis of PAP glycopeptides.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Glycan profiling of N-linked glycans from different EPS fluids indicated a global decrease in larger branched tri- and tetra-antennary glycans. Differential exoglycosidase treatments indicated a substantial increase in bisecting N-acetylglucosamines correlated with disease severity. A triple quadrupole MS analysis of the N-linked glycopeptides sites from PAP in aggressive prostate cancer pools was done to cross-reference with the glycan profiling data.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Changes in glycosylation as detected in EPS fluids reflect the clinical status of prostate cancer. Defining these molecular signatures at the glycopeptide level in individual samples could improve current approaches of diagnosis and prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA , USA.|The Leroy T. Canoles, Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School Norfolk, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Julius O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Nyalwidhe
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel Institute for Biotechnology and Virology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Doylestown, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Lucy R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Betesh
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, MUSC Proteomics Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Powers
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, MUSC Proteomics Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
authors.forename: E Ellen
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Krista Y
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: White
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA.|The Leroy T. Canoles, Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School Norfolk, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Tanya C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Burch
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, MUSC Proteomics Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
authors.forename: Jasmin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brooks
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA.|The Leroy T. Canoles, Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School Norfolk, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Megan T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.affiliation: The Leroy T. Canoles, Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School Norfolk, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Raymond S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Lance
authors.affiliation: The Leroy T. Canoles, Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School Norfolk, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Dean A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Troyer
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA.|The Leroy T. Canoles, Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School Norfolk, VA, USA.
authors.forename: O John
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: Semmes
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel Institute for Biotechnology and Virology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Doylestown, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Anand
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mehta
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, MUSC Proteomics Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
authors.forename: Richard R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Drake
mesh_terms: D000117:Acetylglucosamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D018450:Disease Progression; D054794:Glycomics; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D011467:Prostate / Q000378:metabolism*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D006023:Glycoproteins; D011134:Polysaccharides; D000117:Acetylglucosamine
keywords: Expressed prostatic secretion; Glycomics; N-linked glycosylation; Prostate cancer; Urine exosome