title: UK dentists' experience of iatrogenic trigeminal nerve injuries in relation to routine dental procedures: why, when and how often?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the frequency of trigeminal nerve injuries associated with local anaesthetic administration, as experienced by UK dentists.
  
  
  METHODS
  A convenience sample of clinicians attending 12 study days over the UK was invited to complete an anonymised questionnaire exploring the nature of professional practice, dentists' practice demographics, experience of nerve injuries and related factors. Dental procedures related to reported trigeminal nerve injuries (TNIs) were divided into low risk, likely local anaesthetic (LA) related nerve injury, and high risk procedures, more likely to be direct nerve damage by the procedure (procedural related nerve injury). Data were analysed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS V17.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall 79% of attendees completed a questionnaire (n = 415); clinicians held an average of 19 years' clinical experience. The numbers of clinicians surveyed included general dental practitioners (n = 290; 64%) and oral surgery (OS) specialists (n = 125; 36%). The estimated incidence of TNIs for the UK GDP workforce was 3,770 TNIs per year or 0.13 TNI per dentist per year. For specialists the incidence was increased to 0.39 TNI per specialist per year. Of all injuries only half were reported, mainly to indemnity organisations. LA-related injuries were most common for GDPs and third molar surgery for OS specialists. It is estimated that TNIs will occur in 1 in 3,289 high risk procedures such as third molar surgery and 1 in 14,330 for low risk procedures, such as restorative dentistry, most likely LA-related. From 25% to 29% of these dental procedures related TNIs were permanent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nerve-related injuries in dentistry are not uncommon. Dental practitioners should be aware of the significant disability associated with iatrogenic nerve injuries and risk factors relating to LA-related trigeminal nerve injury. Clinicians should familiarise themselves with infiltration LA-techniques that may reduce these nerve injuries and with the Care Quality Commission regulations for reporting injuries to patients as a result of treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department Oral Surgery, Kings Health Parners Dental Institute, Kings College Hospital, Denmark Hill Campus, Bessemer Road, London, SE5 9RS, UK. Tara.renton@kcl.ac.uk
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Renton
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Janjua
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Gallagher
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dalgleish
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
mesh_terms: D000766:Anesthesia, Dental / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002355:Carticaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003815:Dentists / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005792:General Practice, Dental / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007049:Iatrogenic Disease / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015994:Incidence; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008964:Molar, Third / Q000601:surgery; D009407:Nerve Block / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D013515:Surgery, Oral / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014081:Tooth Extraction / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D061221:Trigeminal Nerve Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008012:Lidocaine; D002355:Carticaine