title: Lead concentrations in sediments and blue-winged teals (Anas discors) from El Palmar State Reserve, Yucatan, Mexico.
abstract: Reserve regulations at El Palmar State Reserve, Yucatan, Mexico, prohibit the use of lead (Pb) shot, but hunters continue to use it, and no enforcement is implemented. Pb was quantified in sediments and in blue-winged teal Anas discors. No shot pellets were found in the sediment samples, nor were differences in sediment Pb concentrations observed within the reserve between popular hunting sites and those no longer used for hunting. However, there were differences between the hunting sites and sediments from an adjacent area where hunting is prohibited. Average Pb concentrations were highest at hunting entrances (15.69 ± 18.69 mg/kg) and lowest at decoy locations (5.24 ± 4.84 mg/kg). These averages are lower than the lowest effects level (31 mg/kg), although 10 samples exceeded this level. Pb-shot prevalence in gizzards was 4.88% (n = 41). Pb levels exceeded 5.0 mg/kg dry weight in one or more of the tested tissues (liver, gizzard, and bone) in 14 (34.14%; 7 female, 7 male; 11 adult, 3 juvenile) of the total birds. Bird weight, sex, and age had no effect on Pb concentration. Hunting using Pb shot in the reserve clearly affects Pb levels in sediments and in A. discors that winter there.
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Resources, Cinvestav Unidad Merida, Km 6 Antigua Carretera a Progreso, 97310 Merida, YUC, Mexico.
authors.forename: Echeverría-García
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Adán
authors.forename: Gold-Bouchot
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Gerardo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism; D004372:Ducks / Q000378:metabolism*; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005260:Female; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000032:analysis*; D005895:Gizzard, Avian / Q000378:metabolism; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D007854:Lead