title: Clinical and polygraphic study of familial paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia with PRRT2 mutation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia is a neurological condition characterised by brief attacks of involuntary movements triggered by sudden voluntary movements.
  
  
  METHODS
  We describe the clinical, polygraphic, and genetic features of an Italian family with paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia manifested as brief choreoathetosic-dystonic attacks precipitated by sudden movements, varying in severity and frequency, amongst the four affected family members. The disorder follows an autosomal dominant transmission and affects female members. Mutation of SLC2A1, MR1, CACNA1A, and ATP1A2 genes was excluded by direct sequencing. Mutation analysis of the PRRT2 gene revealed a single nucleotide duplication, c.649dupC, resulting in the frameshift mutation p.Arg217Profs*8 in all affected members.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia is the most common type of paroxysmal movement disorder and is often misdiagnosed clinically as epilepsy. We describe a family with paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia associated with PRRT2 gene mutation, mild intrafamilial clinical heterogeneity, and benign course. [Published with video sequences].
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, University of Bologna, Bologna. margheritafabbrimd@gmail.com
authors.forename: Margherita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fabbri
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Marini
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bisulli
authors.forename: Lidia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Di Vito
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Elia
authors.forename: Renzo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Guerrini
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mei
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tinuper
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002819:Chorea / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004421:Dystonia; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D010375:Pedigree; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D014741:Video Recording
chemical_list: D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; C569370:PRRT2 protein, human
keywords: PRRT2; female prevalence; paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia