title: Outpatient utilization by infants auto-assigned to Medicaid managed care plans.
abstract: To test the hypothesis that infants auto-assigned to a Medicaid managed care plan would have lower primary care and higher emergency department (ED) utilization compared to infants with a chosen plan. Retrospective cohort study. Medicaid administrative data were used to identify all children 0-3 months of age at enrollment in Michigan Medicaid managed care in 2005-2008 with 18-months of subsequent enrollment. Medicaid encounter and state immunization registry data were then acquired. Auto-assigned infants were compared versus chosen plan infants on: (1) well-child visits (WCVs); (2) immunizations; (3) acute office visits; and (4) ED visits. Chi squared and rank-sum tests and logistic and negative binomial regression were used in bivariate and multivariable analyses for dichotomous and count data, respectively. 18% of infants were auto-assigned. Auto-assigned infants were less likely to meet goal number of WCVs in 18-months of managed care enrollment (32 vs. 53%, p < 0.001) and to be up-to-date on immunizations at 12 months of age (75 vs. 85%, p < 0.001). Auto-assigned infants had fewer acute office visits (median: 4 vs. 5, p < 0.001) but were only slightly more likely to have 2 or more ED visits (51 vs. 46%, p < 0.001) in 18-months of enrollment. All results were significant in multivariable analyses. Auto-assigned infants were less likely to use preventive and acute primary care but only slightly more likely to use emergency care. Future work is needed to understand mechanisms of differences in utilization, but auto-assigned children may represent a target group for efforts to promote pediatric preventive care in Medicaid.
authors.affiliation: Child Health Evaluation and Research Unit, Division of General Pediatrics, University of Michigan, 300 North Ingalls, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA, jzickafoose@mathematica-mpr.com.
authors.forename: Joseph S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Zickafoose
authors.forename: Lisa M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Cohn
authors.forename: Sarah J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Clark
mesh_terms: D000553:Ambulatory Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016208:Databases, Factual; D004608:Eligibility Determination / Q000458:organization & administration*; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007115:Immunization Schedule; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008329:Managed Care Programs; D008484:Medicaid; D008824:Michigan; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014481:United States