title: Insulin-like growth factor 1 gene (CA)n repeats and a variable number of tandem repeats of the insulin gene in Brazilian children born small for gestational age.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the influence of (CA)n repeats in the insulin-like growth factor 1 gene and a variable number of tandem repeats of the insulin gene on birth size in children who are small or adequate-sized for gestational age and to correlate these polymorphisms with serum insulin-like growth factor 1 levels and insulin sensitivity in children who are small for gestational age, with and without catch-up growth.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated 439 infants: 297 that were adequate-sized for gestational age and 142 that were small for gestational age (66 with and 76 without catch-up). The number of (CA)n repeat in the insulin-like growth factor 1 gene and a variable number of tandem repeats in the insulin gene were analyzed using GENESCAN software and polymerase chain reaction followed by enzymatic digestion, respectively. Clinical and laboratory data were obtained from all patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The height, body mass index, paternal height, target height and insulin-like growth factor 1 serum levels were higher in children who were small for gestational age with catch-up. There was no difference in the allelic and genotypic distributions of both polymorphisms between the adequate-sized and small infants or among small infants with and without catch-up. Similarly, the polymorphisms were not associated with clinical or laboratory variables.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Polymorphisms of the (CA)n repeats of the insulin-like growth factor 1 gene and a variable number of tandem repeats of the insulin gene, separately or in combination, did not influence pre- or postnatal growth, insulin-like growth factor 1 serum levels or insulin resistance.
authors.affiliation: Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormonios e Genetica Molecular LIM/42, São Paulo/SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rocio R D
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Coletta
authors.forename: Alexander A L
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Jorge
authors.forename: Catarina Brasil
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: D'Alva
authors.forename: Emília M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.forename: Ana Elisa C
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Billerbeck
authors.forename: Paulo R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Pachi
authors.forename: Carlos A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Longui
authors.forename: Ricardo M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boguszewski
authors.forename: Ivo J P
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Arnhold
authors.forename: Berenice B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Mendonca
authors.forename: Elaine M F
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Costa
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine; D001724:Birth Weight / Q000235:genetics; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000235:genetics; D001827:Body Height / Q000235:genetics; D001835:Body Weight / Q000235:genetics; D001938:Brazil; D003596:Cytosine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age; D007328:Insulin / Q000235:genetics*; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012307:Risk Factors; D020080:Tandem Repeat Sequences / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D003596:Cytosine; D000241:Adenosine