title: Candida sake CPA-1 and other biologically based products as potential control strategies to reduce sour rot of grapes.
abstract: Sour rot of grapes is becoming increasingly important disease in many wine-growing regions, while consistent chemical or biological control has not been reported. Authors evaluated relative incidence and severity of sour rot in untreated grapevines and the effect of different biologically based treatments on sour rot at harvest. Applications of Candida sake CPA-1 plus Fungicover® , Ulocladium oudemansii and chitosan were carried out in an organic vineyard in Lleida area, Spain, during the 2009 and 2010 growing seasons. At harvest, incidence and severity of sour rot were assessed. Significantly higher incidence and severity of sour rot were observed in untreated plots in 2009, when meteorological conditions after veraison were warmer. All treatments including C. sake CPA-1 significantly reduced (P < 0·05) severity of sour rot in both seasons, ranging from 40 to 67% compared with the untreated control. Incidence of sour rot was not significantly reduced by any treatment. This study helps to characterize development of sour rot in the dry Mediterranean climate conditions of the experiment, whereas also represents the first report of biological control of sour rot. Treatments with the tested biologically based products are a promising strategy to control sour rot.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Studies on sour rot of grapes are scarce in literature, and this is the first work specifically evaluating sour rot in Spanish vineyards. Sour rot control in field conditions through applications of antagonistic micro-organisms is reported for first time in this study, showing elevated severity reductions (40-67% compared with control). As there are no options available for sour rot control in vineyards, results point Candida sake CPA-1 as an interesting control strategy against grape bunch rots.
authors.affiliation: Food Technology Department, Lleida University, XaRTA-Postharvest, Agrotecnio Center, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Calvo-Garrido
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Viñas
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Elmer
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Usall
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Teixidó
mesh_terms: D000898:Antibiosis; D001203:Ascomycota / Q000502:physiology; D061046:Biological Control Agents; D002175:Candida / Q000502:physiology*; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003904:Mitosporic Fungi / Q000187:drug effects; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013030:Spain; D027843:Vitis / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D061046:Biological Control Agents; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial
keywords: Vitis vinifera; antagonist; biocontrol; grey mould; yeast