title: Cardiorespiratory fitness and nutritional status of schoolchildren: 30-year evolution.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the changes in cardiorespiratory fitness in evaluations performed every ten years since 1978/1980, according to the nutritional status and gender of students in the city of Ilhabela, Brazil.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study is part of the Mixed Longitudinal Project on Growth, Development and Physical Fitness of Ilhabela. The study included 1,291 students of both genders, aged 10 to 11 years old. The study periods were: 1978/1980, 1988/1990, 1998/2000, and 2008/2010. The variables analyzed were: body weight, height, and cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max - L.min-1 and mL.kg-1.min-1) performed using a submaximal progressive protocol on a cycle ergometer. Individuals were classified as normal weight and overweight according to curves proposed by the World Health Organization of body mass index for age and gender. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) with three factors followed by the Bonferroni method were used to compare the periods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The number of normal weight individuals (61%) was higher than that of overweight. There was a significant decrease in cardiorespiratory fitness in both genders. Among the schoolchildren with normal weight, there was a decrease of 22% in males and 26% in females. In overweight schoolchildren, males showed a decrease of 12.7% and females, of 18%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  During a 30-year analysis with reviews every ten years from 1978/1980, there was a significant decrease in cardiorespiratory fitness in schoolchildren of both genders, which cannot be explained by the nutritional status. The decline in cardiorespiratory fitness was greater in individuals with normal weight than in overweight individuals.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Estudos do Laboratório de Aptidão Física de São Caetano do Sul, São Caetano do Sul, SP, Brazil. gerson@celafiscs.org.br
authors.forename: Gerson Luis de
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Moraes Ferrari
authors.forename: Mario Maia
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Bracco
authors.forename: Victor K Rodrigues
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Matsudo
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fisberg
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002320:Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; D002648:Child; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D009752:Nutritional Status / Q000502:physiology*; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology; D050177:Overweight / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology*; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012737:Sex Factors
keywords: Aerobic exercise; Aptidão física; Atividade física; Estado nutricional; Exercício aeróbico; Nutritional status; Physical activity; Physical fitness