title: Anti-VEGF response in macular hemorrhage and incidence of retinal pigment epithelial tears.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the visual and anatomic outcomes of serial anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy for severe macular hemorrhage in eyes with exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive retrospective analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty eyes from 20 patients with severe macular hemorrhage (greater than 50% blockage with formal fluorescein angiography [FA]) secondary to wet AMD were studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a chart review of patients at a single centre from May 2006 to September 2009. Presenting visual acuity and diameter of hemorrhage were recorded as well as number of injections, time by which no hemorrhage was remaining, and final anatomic outcome. Cardiovascular risk factors and use of antiplatelet medication or anticoagulation were noted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Average presenting visual acuity was 1.55 (20/710), and number of injections needed for resolution of hemorrhage was 4. Visual acuity significantly improved from 1.55 (20/710) to 0.70 (20/100) after injections. Thirty-five percent of eyes were found to have an associated retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) tear, and these eyes were found to have received more injections. Final visual acuity was not significantly different in eyes with RPE tears compared with nontear eyes. Eighty-one percent of patients had associated cardiovascular risk factors; antiplatelet therapy and anticoagulation were not found to play a role in hemorrhage size.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RPE tears are found in a significant number of individuals with large macular hemorrhages secondary to exudative macular degeneration, but with continued treatment with anti-VEGF therapy, visual acuity can significantly improve even in the presence of these tears. Eyes with severe macular hemorrhage thus should be considered candidates for anti-VEGF therapy.
authors.affiliation: Jules Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Neeta
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Varshney
authors.forename: Atul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.forename: Vicki
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Le
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sarraf
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D058449:Intravitreal Injections; D008297:Male; D000069579:Ranibizumab; D012166:Retinal Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012167:Retinal Perforations / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D019233:Retreatment; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology; D057135:Wet Macular Degeneration / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D000069579:Ranibizumab