title: Powder characteristics and biocidal activity of the MnOx-WO₃-TiO₂ system synthesized by a sol-gel method for antifouling agents.
abstract: The TiO₂-system powders were investigated with respect to the crystallinity and the microstructure. The biocidal activity increased from TiO₂ to binary MnOx-TiO₂ to ternary MnOx-WO₃-TiO₂ against Vibrio fischeri as a model of Gram-negative bacteria. Anatase and rutile TiO₂ were not toxic even at 200 mg/L, but anatase has been observed in bacterial growth inhibition due to the different electronic band (lattice) structure. All materials containing manganese oxides were toxic: the toxicity correlation (EC₅₀) of MnOx-WO₃ and MnOx-WO₃-TiO₂ was 7.0, 1.8 ppm, respectively. The high antifouling activity of MnOx-WO₃-TiO₂ was attributed to its redox potential and soluble metal ions originating from tungsten oxides according to the improvements in the powder characteristics.
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea.
authors.forename: Byeongkil
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Sangmin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Heesoo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hyun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D048908:Aliivibrio fischeri / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis; D057219:Biofouling / Q000517:prevention & control; D001681:Biological Assay; D017895:Manganese Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D044367:Phase Transition; D011208:Powders / Q000737:chemistry; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D018675:Toxicity Tests; D014414:Tungsten / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D017895:Manganese Compounds; D010087:Oxides; D011208:Powders; C009495:titanium dioxide; C027424:manganese oxide; C511604:tungsten oxide; D014025:Titanium; D014414:Tungsten