title: 2,4-dichlorophenol induces apoptosis in primary hepatocytes of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) through mitochondrial pathway.
abstract: 2,4-Dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), a major type of chlorophenols, has been widely used to produce some herbicides and pharmaceuticals, yet due to its incomplete degradation and bioaccumulation characteristics, it is toxic to aquatic organisms. Apoptosis is one of the most severe outcomes of cell poisoning and injury. So far, the potential molecular mechanism of 2,4-DCP-induced apoptosis has not been reported. This study showed that 2,4-DCP significantly induced apoptosis in primary hepatocytes of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). 2,4-DCP exposure upregulated mRNA of caspase-3, reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, while protection of mitochondria with acetyl-l-carnitine hydrochloride (ALC) rescued 2,4-DCP-induced apoptosis, restored the Δψm and reduced the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Taken together, this is the first study that has identified that 2,4-DCP exposure induced apoptosis through the mitochondria-dependent pathway in primary hepatocytes of grass carp.
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xiaoning
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: An
authors.forename: Yongmei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.forename: Dejun
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Yingmei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002347:Carps / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002733:Chlorophenols / Q000633:toxicity*; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D002733:Chlorophenols; D029941:Fish Proteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C004762:2,4-dichlorophenol
keywords: 2,4-DCP; Apoptosis; Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella); Mitochondria-dependent pathway