title: Determination of chlorobenzenes in water samples based on fully automated microextraction by packed sorbent coupled with programmed temperature vaporization-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
abstract: A fully automated method consisting of microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS) coupled directly to programmed temperature vaporizer-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (PTV-GC-MS) has been developed to determine the 12 chlorobenzene congeners (chlorobenzene; 1,2-, 1,3-, and 1,4-dichlorobenzene; 1,2,3-, 1,2,4-, and 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene; 1,2,3,4-, 1,2,3,5-, and 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene; pentachlorobenzene; and hexachlorobenzene) in water samples. The effects of the variables on MEPS extraction, using a C18 sorbent, and the instrumental PTV conditions were studied. The internal standard 1,4-dichlorobenzene d4 was used as a surrogate. The proposed method afforded good reproducibility, with relative standard deviations (RSD %) lower than 12%. The limits of detection varied between 0.0003 μg L(-1) for 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobenzene and 0.07 μg L(-1) for 1,3- and 1,4-dichlorobenzene, while those of quantification varied between 0.001 μg L(-1) and 0.2 μg L(-1) for the same compounds. Accuracy of the proposed method was confirmed by applying it to the determination of chlorobenzenes in different spiked water samples, including river, reservoir, and effluent wastewater.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus da Zapateira s/n, 15071 A, Coruña, Spain.
authors.forename: Gloria
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Grueiro Noche
authors.forename: María Esther
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Fernández Laespada
authors.forename: José Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Pérez Pavón
authors.forename: Bernardo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Moreno Cordero
authors.forename: Soledad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Muniategui Lorenzo