title: A test-based method for the assessment of pre-crash warning and braking systems.
abstract: In this paper, a test-based assessment method for pre-crash warning and braking systems is presented where the effectiveness of a system is measured by its ability to reduce the number of injuries of a given type or severity in car-to-car rear-end collisions. Injuries with whiplash symptoms lasting longer than 1 month and MAIS2+ injuries in both vehicles involved in the crash are considered in the assessment. The injury reduction resulting from the impact speed reduction due to a pre-crash system is estimated using a method which has its roots in the dose-response model. Human-machine interaction is also taken into account in the assessment. The results reflect the self-protection as well as the partner-protection performance of a pre-crash system in the striking vehicle in rear-end collisions and enable a comparison between two or more systems. It is also shown how the method may be used to assess the importance of warning as part of a pre-crash system.
authors.affiliation: Division of Vehicle Safety, Department of Applied Mechanics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. Electronic address: andras.balint@chalmers.se.
authors.forename: András
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bálint
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fagerlind
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kullgren
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001331:Automation; D001336:Automobiles / Q000592:standards*; D003654:Deceleration; D006801:Humans; D008328:Man-Machine Systems; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D015599:Trauma Severity Indices; D014911:Whiplash Injuries / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*
keywords: Active safety assessment; Dose–response model; Pre-crash system; Rear-end collision; Test-based assessment; Warning function