title: No excess of mitochondrial DNA deletions within muscle in progressive multiple sclerosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mitochondrial dysfunction is an established feature of multiple sclerosis (MS). We recently described high levels of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletions within respiratory enzyme-deficient (lacking mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV with intact complex II) neurons and choroid plexus epithelial cells in progressive MS.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this paper is to determine whether respiratory enzyme deficiency and mtDNA deletions in MS were in excess of age-related changes within muscle, which, like neurons, are post-mitotic cells that frequently harbour mtDNA deletions with ageing and in disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  In progressive MS cases (n=17), known to harbour an excess of mtDNA deletions in the central nervous system (CNS), and controls (n=15), we studied muscle (paraspinal) and explored mitochondria in single fibres. Histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, laser microdissection, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), long-range PCR and sequencing were used to resolve the single muscle fibres.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The percentage of respiratory enzyme-deficient muscle fibres, mtDNA deletion level and percentage of muscle fibres harbouring high levels of mtDNA deletions were not significantly different in MS compared with controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings do not provide support to the existence of a diffuse mitochondrial abnormality involving multiple systems in MS. Understanding the cause(s) of the CNS mitochondrial dysfunction in progressive MS remains a research priority.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Neuroregeneration, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, UK.
authors.forename: Graham R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Amy K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Reeve
authors.forename: Iryna
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ziabreva
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.forename: Doug M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Turnbull
authors.forename: Don J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Mahad
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000032:analysis*; D045222:Electron Transport Chain Complex Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D017353:Gene Deletion; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008931:Mitochondria, Muscle / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D020528:Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D045222:Electron Transport Chain Complex Proteins
keywords: Mitochondria; multiple sclerosis; muscle