title: Chronic rhinosinusitis and emerging treatment options.
abstract: This review describes the epidemiology and various treatments in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP). Evidence for short-term use of systemic corticosteroids has been shown to be favorable in CRSwNP, but still limited in CRSsNP. Topical corticosteroids improve symptom scores in both CRS subgroups. The role of microbes in CRS is still controversial. Culture-directed antibiotics are recommended for CRSsNP with exacerbation. Long-term use of low dosage antibiotics is recommended for CRSsNP for their anti-inflammatory effects. Other emerging treatment options are also discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand ; Department of Otolaryngology, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital/University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Patorn
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Piromchai
authors.forename: Pornthep
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kasemsiri
authors.forename: Supawan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Laohasiriwong
authors.forename: Sanguansak
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thanaviratananich
keywords: chronic; nasal polyps; rhinosinusitis; sinus; therapy