title: Endophthalmitis caused by Citrobacter species: a case series.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the clinical profile and drug sensitivity patterns in Citrobacter endophthalmitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective interventional case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis of all the cases of Citrobacter endophthalmitis presenting to a tertiary referral ophthalmic centre in eastern India from January 2009 to December 2011 was done.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five cases were included in the study. Of these 5, 1 was posttraumatic, 1 was of endogenous origin, and the rest were postoperative. Vitreous surgery was done for 3 cases, whereas 1 patient declined surgery. The endogenous case received only intravitreal antibiotics. All isolates were sensitive to ciprofloxacin. Only 1 of the 5 isolates was sensitive to ceftazidime. Only 1 eye achieved a final visual acuity of 20/60 and the rest became phthisical at final follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Citrobacter is a rare cause of endophthalmitis with poor outcome. Ciprofloxacin should be considered as the first line of treatment.
authors.affiliation: Vitreo Retina Services, Aditya Birla Sankara Nethralaya, Kolkata, West Bengal. rayrupak@gmail.com
authors.forename: Rupak
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.forename: Panigrahi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pradeep Kumar
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Malathi
authors.forename: Pal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Swakshyar Saumya
authors.forename: Nandi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Krishnendu
authors.forename: Patil
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Abhinandan
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002954:Citrobacter / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D009877:Endophthalmitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D004756:Enterobacteriaceae Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D015818:Eye Infections, Bacterial / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D058449:Intravitreal Injections; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology; D014821:Vitrectomy
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002939:Ciprofloxacin