title: Cytokine profiling of young overweight and obese female African American adults with prediabetes.
abstract: Approximately 5-10% of subjects with prediabetes become diabetic every year. Inflammation is involved in the development of obesity-related type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, to date, the relationship between inflammation and prediabetes, defined by hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) ≥5.7 and <6.5%, remains largely unexplored, especially in African Americans. Therefore, in this study we examined a comprehensive panel of 13 cytokines involved in the inflammatory response in overweight/obese subjects with prediabetes. A total of 21 otherwise healthy, overweight/obese, young adult African American females with prediabetes, together with 20 matched overweight/obese controls, were selected for this study. Plasma cytokines were assessed by multiplex cytokine profiling. Plasma concentrations of interleukin (IL)-5, IL-6, IL-7, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) were significantly higher in the prediabetic group, as compared to the control group (all p<0.05). Plasma concentrations of all the other cytokines, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70 and IL-13, seemed to be elevated in the prediabetic group, but failed to reach statistical significances. Upon merging both groups, HbA1c was found to be positively correlated with IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-5, IL-7, IL-8, TNF-α and GM-CSF. This study demonstrates elevated levels of various pro-inflammatory cytokines in overweight/obese young subjects with prediabetes, which place them at higher risk of developing T2D and cardiovascular diseases. Our data also call for further investigations in animal models and population cohorts to establish the roles of a variety of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the early development of obesity-related T2D.
authors.affiliation: Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, United States; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, United States; Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, United States. Electronic address: rlucas@gru.edu.
authors.forename: Rudolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lucas
authors.forename: Samip J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Parikh
authors.forename: Supriya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sridhar
authors.forename: De-Huang
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Jigar
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bhagatwala
authors.forename: Yutong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Caldwell
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mellor
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Caldwell
authors.forename: Haidong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Yanbin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dong
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D049628:Body Size; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism*; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000378:metabolism*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human
keywords: African American; CVD; Cardiovascular diseases; Cytokines; GM-CSF; Granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor; HbA1c; IFN; IL; Interferon; Interleukin; Obesity; Prediabetes; T2D; TNF; Tumor necrosis factor; Type 2 diabetes