title: Evaluation of intima media thickness of carotid arteries in 40-60 years old persons with type d personality and its comparison with normal ones.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In some studies, the involvement of dangerous psychological and behavioral factors in etiology and physiotherapy of vascular disturbances have been shown. In other studies, the relationship between the personality type and increase in cardiovascular disease has been demonstrated. The type D personality is defined as having two characteristics of negative affect and social inhibition. It is thought that individuals with type D personality are at increased risk of carotid artery intima-media thickening which predisposes them to vascular disease that is one of the most important factors for the stroke. In this study, we try to determine whether type D personality is a contributing factor to an increase in the intima-media of the carotid artery. This study was done in 2012 in the teaching hospital of Alzahra in Isfahan Iran.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a case/control study which is done at Alzahra hospital in Isfahan in 2011-12. The statistical population in this study is composed of individuals who do not have any risk factors for stroke and are randomly selected among the hospital staff or the patient's family members who accompanied the patient at the hospital. They filled out a questioner that would assist in detecting type D personality. A carotid Doppler ultrasound that measures the intima-media thickness in the selected individuals was performed. The information obtained from the study was evaluated by Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) software and the intima-media thicknesses were compared in two groups of patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average thickness of intima media in two groups, consist of placebo and patients, was 0.739 ± 0.12 and 0.759 ± 0.14 millimeter, respectively. There was no meaningful difference between the two groups based on t-test values (P = 0.19). It is important to note that based on the results, 22.9% of placebos and 48.6% of individuals with type D personality presented with abnormal thickness. The difference between the two groups were meaningful based on Chi-Squared test (P = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that type D personality increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases specially the stroke and myocardial infarction due to the higher prevalence of hormonal imbalances leading to arterial vasospasm and atherosclerotic disease. As a result, it is necessary to evaluate and treat these patients due to increased risk of atherosclerotic diseases, stoke, and myocardial infarction.
authors.affiliation: Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Fariborz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Khorvash
authors.forename: Marzieh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rahimi
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bagherian-Sararoudi
authors.forename: Sayed Ali
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Mousavi
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ebneshahidi
authors.forename: Afshin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amirpour
authors.forename: Mansoureh Alsadat
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mirabdollahi
keywords: Cardiovascular events; carotid artery; intima media thickening; stroke; type D personality