title: Negative emotions and risk for type 2 diabetes among Korean immigrants.
abstract: The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between negative emotions and bio-behavioral risk factors among Korean immigrants at risk for type 2 diabetes (T2DM).
  
  
  
  Data were collected from 148 Korean immigrant adults who are "at risk" for T2DM as defined by having family history of T2DM in first-degree relatives, body mass index greater than 23, or history of gestational diabetes in women. Participants completed questionnaires and underwent biological measures. Negative emotions included feeling nervous, hopeless, restless, anxious, and stressed as well as depressive symptoms.
  
  
  
  High percentages of participants had T2DM risk factors including overweight, greater than normal waist to hip ratio, and blood glucose readings that are indicative of T2DM. Feeling stressed was the most commonly reported negative emotion (66%), followed by feeling anxious (51%), restless (38%), nervous (30%), and hopeless (13%). Experience of negative emotions was significantly related to behavioral risk factors; higher levels of experiencing negative emotions were related to increased soda intake and a decreased likelihood of doing at least 10 minutes of moderate exercise. Stress and anxiety were each negatively related to moderate exercise, and depressive symptoms were negatively related to both moderate and vigorous exercise. No significant relationship was found between negative emotions and biological risk factors.
  
  
  
  Findings suggest that negative emotions, individually and taken together, may be related to T2DM risk behaviors in high-risk Korean immigrants. Behavioral interventions to prevent T2DM in this population should consider assessing and addressing negative emotions.
authors.affiliation: Program in Nursing Science, College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California (Dr Choi)
authors.forename: Sarah E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, School of Social Ecology, University of California, Irvine, California (Ms Rush, Ms Henry)
authors.forename: Elizabeth B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Rush
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, School of Social Ecology, University of California, Irvine, California (Ms Rush, Ms Henry)
authors.forename: Shayna L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Henry
mesh_terms: D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D001213:Asian / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D044466:Asian People; D001786:Blood Glucose; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D004032:Diet / Q000523:psychology; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants / Q000523:psychology*; D015444:Exercise / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior / Q000208:ethnology; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D012307:Risk Factors; D012648:Self Care / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose