title: Loving-kindness in the treatment of traumatized refugees and minority groups: a typology of mindfulness and the nodal network model of affect and affect regulation.
abstract: This article discusses how loving-kindness can be used to treat traumatized refugees and minority groups, focusing on examples from our treatment, culturally adapted cognitive-behavioral therapy (CA-CBT). To show how we integrate loving-kindness with other mindfulness interventions and why loving-kindness should be an effective therapeutic technique, we present a typology of mindfulness states and the Nodal Network Model (NNM) of Affect and Affect Regulation. We argue that mindfulness techniques such as loving-kindness are therapeutic for refugees and minority populations because of their potential for increasing emotional flexibility, decreasing rumination, serving as emotional regulation techniques, and forming part of a new adaptive processing mode centered on psychological flexibility. We present a case to illustrate the clinical use of loving-kindness within the context of CA-CBT.
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, 15 Parkman Street, WACC 812, Boston, MA 02114, USA. devon_hinton@hms.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Devon E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Hinton
authors.forename: Rebecca A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Ojserkis
authors.forename: Baland
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jalal
authors.forename: Sonith
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Peou
authors.forename: Stefan G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Hofmann
mesh_terms: D044466:Asian People / Q000523:psychology; D002016:Buddhism; D002160:Cambodia / Q000208:ethnology; D004644:Emotions; D004645:Empathy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008149:Love; D019122:Meditation; D026441:Mind-Body Therapies / Q000379:methods*; D008913:Minority Groups / Q000523:psychology*; D011613:Psychotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D012036:Refugees / Q000523:psychology*; D012069:Religion and Psychology; D012649:Self Concept; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000628:therapy*; D014481:United States
keywords: acceptance; cross-cultural; meditation; mindfulness; posttraumatic stress disorder