title: Assessing preoperative anxiety using a questionnaire and clinical rating: a prospective observational study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Preoperative anxiety and need for information can be detected during preoperative consultation via structured and standardised screening by the Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS) questionnaire.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify the prevalence of preoperative anxiety and need for information, with regard to influencing factors such as age, sex, previous operation and grade of surgery, and to examine the level of agreement between patients' self-rating and physicians' ratings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Department of Anaesthesiology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred seventeen patients scheduled for elective surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patients completed questionnaires prior to the interaction with the anaesthesiologist. Physicians were blinded to the patients' ratings and provided their subjective ratings about patients' anxiety and need for information immediately after seeing the patient.
  
  
  METHODS
  Degree of anxiety and need for information, agreement of patients' self-reports and physician's rating.
  
  
  RESULTS
  18.9% of patients were classified as 'anxiety cases' (31.8% in women and 10.6% in men). The grade of the intended surgery but no other investigated factor was related to patients' anxiety. Age (older patients) was correlated with information requirement (r = 0.21, P = 0.002). Analysis of agreement showed only weak correlations between patients' self-reports and physicians' ratings, demonstrated in low weighted Kappa-coefficients (0.12 to 0.32).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The APAIS is a useful instrument to assess the level of patients' preoperative anxiety and the need for information. Given the relationship between preoperative anxiety and postoperative outcome, it seems justified to incorporate this approach into the preoperative consultation.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00003084.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Laufenberg-Feldmann
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kappis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D017558:Elective Surgical Procedures / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010820:Physicians; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D057566:Self Report; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires