title: Role of ionic strength on n-butanol partitioning into anionic dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylglycerol vesicles.
abstract: Bacteria adjust their membrane lipid composition to counteract the fluidizing effects of alcohol and to adapt to elevated alcohol concentrations during fermentation. Bacterial membranes are rich in anionic phosphatidylglycerols (PGs), but little is known regarding alcohol partitioning into anionic membranes, particularly for n-butanol. This work examines the effects of lipid charge on n-butanol partitioning into anionic membrane vesicles composed of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and dipalmitoyl phosphatidylglycerol (DPPG) in the absence and presence of salt (phosphate-buffered saline, PBS; 0.152 and 1.52 M). Above 0.135 M n-butanol, the membranes were interdigitated irrespective of DPPG or salt concentration, consistent with previous results for neutral membranes, such as DPPC. Increasing salt concentration led to greater n-butanol partitioning in DPPC membranes and caused aggregation/fusion. However, aggregation/fusion was prevented with increasing DPPG concentration (i.e., increasing membrane charge) and small vesicles were observed. The results suggest that n-butanol partitioning, and subsequent changes in membrane and vesicle structure, was driven by a balance between the "salting-out" of n-butanol, interlipid electrostatic interactions, and interfacial cation binding and hydration. This is the first study to the best of our knowledge to examine the effects of n-butanol partitioning on model cell membranes composed of negatively charged lipids in the presence of salts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, 16 Greenhouse Road, Kingston, Rhode Island, United States.
authors.forename: Yogi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kurniawan
authors.forename: Keerthi P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Venkataramanan
authors.forename: Mar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Piernavieja
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Scholz
authors.forename: Geoffrey D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Bothun
mesh_terms: D015060:1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine / Q000737:chemistry*; D020001:1-Butanol / Q000737:chemistry*; D000838:Anions; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D008954:Models, Biological; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010715:Phosphatidylglycerols / Q000737:chemistry*; D022161:Transport Vesicles / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000838:Anions; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; D010715:Phosphatidylglycerols; D015060:1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine; D020001:1-Butanol