title: Providing traceability for neuroimaging analyses.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  With the increasingly digital nature of biomedical data and as the complexity of analyses in medical research increases, the need for accurate information capture, traceability and accessibility has become crucial to medical researchers in the pursuance of their research goals. Grid- or Cloud-based technologies, often based on so-called Service Oriented Architectures (SOA), are increasingly being seen as viable solutions for managing distributed data and algorithms in the bio-medical domain. For neuroscientific analyses, especially those centred on complex image analysis, traceability of processes and datasets is essential but up to now this has not been captured in a manner that facilitates collaborative study.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Few examples exist, of deployed medical systems based on Grids that provide the traceability of research data needed to facilitate complex analyses and none have been evaluated in practice. Over the past decade, we have been working with mammographers, paediatricians and neuroscientists in three generations of projects to provide the data management and provenance services now required for 21st century medical research. This paper outlines the finding of a requirements study and a resulting system architecture for the production of services to support neuroscientific studies of biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The paper proposes a software infrastructure and services that provide the foundation for such support. It introduces the use of the CRISTAL software to provide provenance management as one of a number of services delivered on a SOA, deployed to manage neuroimaging projects that have been studying biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the neuGRID and N4U projects a Provenance Service has been delivered that captures and reconstructs the workflow information needed to facilitate researchers in conducting neuroimaging analyses. The software enables neuroscientists to track the evolution of workflows and datasets. It also tracks the outcomes of various analyses and provides provenance traceability throughout the lifecycle of their studies. As the Provenance Service has been designed to be generic it can be applied across the medical domain as a reusable tool for supporting medical researchers thus providing communities of researchers for the first time with the necessary tools to conduct widely distributed collaborative programmes of medical analysis.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Complex Cooperative Systems, CEMS Faculty, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Frenchay, Bristol BS16 1QY, United Kingdom. richard.mcclatchey@cern.ch
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: McClatchey
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Branson
authors.forename: Ashiq
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Anjum
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bloodsworth
authors.forename: Irfan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Habib
authors.forename: Kamran
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Munir
authors.forename: Jetendr
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shamdasani
authors.forename: Kamran
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Soomro
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D003199:Computer Systems / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008492:Medical Informatics Computing; D059906:Neuroimaging; D012984:Software; D057188:Workflow
keywords: Analysis tracking; Grid computing; Neuroimaging; Provenance data; Service-oriented architectures