title: Are thiopurines always contraindicated after thiopurine-induced pancreatitis in inflammatory bowel disease?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Thiopurine use in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is well established for maintenance of disease remission. Approximately 3% of patients with IBD develop thiopurine-induced pancreatitis (TIP) as an idiosyncratic reaction. Patients diagnosed as having TIP are largely considered not to be candidates for future use of this drug. We hypothesize that previous TIP is not an absolute contraindication to retrialing a different thiopurine.
  
  
  METHODS
  This case series is a retrospective chart review of those patients with IBD in whom thiopurines were successfully reintroduced following suspected TIP. The patients were all cared for in 2 Australasian pediatric IBD services. Four cases are presented of TIP appropriately related temporally to azathioprine commencement, with no other apparent cause of pancreatitis identified. All of these patients were trialled on 6-mercaptopurine according to clinical need and this was well tolerated in all cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This report is the largest case series to date focusing on the reintroduction of a thiopurine following suspected thiopurine induced pancreatitis. All of the patients had a typical presentation of TIP. This case series should call into question the assumption that suspected TIP is an absolute contraindication for the future use of this class of drug. Cautious reintroduction of a thiopurine, in a controlled setting, should be considered in certain circumstances. The clinical relevance of this option is most marked in patients with complicated disease requiring long-term immunosuppression, in whom other therapies are poorly tolerated or contraindicated.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Shaare Zedek Medical Centre, Jerusalem, Israel †Department of Gastroenterology, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Oren D
authors.initials: OD
authors.lastname: Ledder
authors.forename: Daniel A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Lemberg
authors.forename: Chee Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Ooi
authors.forename: Andrew S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Day
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001379:Azathioprine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D000075202:Contraindications; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016903:Drug Monitoring; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy; D008297:Male; D008499:Medical Records; D015122:Mercaptopurine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000517:prevention & control; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055502:Secondary Prevention
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D015122:Mercaptopurine; D001379:Azathioprine