title: Acute oral toxicity and genotoxicity of Dryopteris crassirhizoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dryopteris crassirhizoma has been traditionally used for the treatment of tapeworm infestation, the common cold and cancer in Korea, China and Japan. Despite various pharmacological properties of Dryopteris crassirhizoma, there is no available information about the safety of Dryopteris crassirhizoma.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To ensure more information about the safety of Dryopteris crassirhizoma, we performed the acute oral toxicity and genotoxicity tests of Dryopteris crassirhizoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  The acute oral toxicity test of Dryopteris crassirhizoma was performed in rats. Genotoxicity of Dryopteris crassirhizoma was evaluated by bacterial reverse mutation, chromosomal aberration and bone marrow micronucleus tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In acute toxicity test, Dryopteris crassirhizoma exhibited no mortality, body weight and behavioral changes and adverse effects in male and female rats. Dryopteris crassirhizoma did not significantly increase the number of the bacterial revertant and chromosomal aberration in both in vitro assays. Moreover, the Dryopteris crassirhizoma-related increases of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE) in mouse bone marrow were not observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Therefore, Dryopteris crassirhizoma is non-genotoxic in a three standard battery of tests and the oral LD50 of Dryopteris crassirhizoma is >2000 mg/kg.
authors.affiliation: KM-Based Herbal Drug Research Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, South Korea.
authors.forename: Youn-Hwan
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Hyunil
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.forename: Jin Yeul
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D016466:CHO Cells; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations / Q000139:chemically induced; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D032492:Dryopteris / Q000737:chemistry*; D020834:Ethnopharmacology; D005260:Female; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D008297:Male; D008518:Medicine, East Asian Traditional; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D048629:Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective / Q000139:chemically induced; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Acute oral toxicity; Bacterial reverse mutation; Chromosomal aberration; Dryopteris crassirhizoma; Mouse micronucleus