title: The biological activity of propolis-containing toothpaste on oral health environment in patients who underwent implant-supported prosthodontic rehabilitation.
abstract: The soft and periodontal tissues surrounding dental implants are particularly susceptible to bacteria invasion and inflammatory reactions due to complex histological structures. This study was carried out to investigate the influence of a propolis-containing hygienic agent on selected oral health parameters, oral microflora, and the condition of periodontal health. Sixteen subjects who underwent an oral rehabilitation with dental implants were selected and randomly assigned into two groups, which received a newly formulated propolis-containing toothpaste (3% (CA)) or a negative control without an active ingredient (CC). Approximal plaque index (API), oral hygiene index (OHI, debris component), and sulcus bleeding index (SBI) were assessed in three subsequent stages. During the first and last examinations, the swabs were employed for microbiological inoculation. Propolis-containing toothpaste was found to be distinctively effective in improving oral health and the occurrence of gingivitis triggered by dental plaque. The qualitative and quantitative changes in oral bacteria spectrum were observed. Antibacterial measures containing propolis might be used as a natural adjuvant to other active substances in individuals with a high risk of periodontal problems against pathogenic oral microflora.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Surgery, Medical University of Silesia, Plac Akademicki 17, 41-902 Bytom, Poland.
authors.forename: Tadeusz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Morawiec
authors.forename: Arkadiusz
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dziedzic
authors.forename: Iwona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Niedzielska
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mertas
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanasiewicz
authors.forename: Dariusz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Skaba
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kasperski
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Machorowska-Pieniążek
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kucharzewski
authors.forename: Karolina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Szaniawska
authors.forename: Włodzimierz
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Więckiewicz
authors.forename: Mieszko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Więckiewicz