title: The daily living self-efficacy scale: a new measure for assessing self-efficacy in stroke survivors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop and examine the psychometric properties of the Daily Living Self-Efficacy Scale (DLSES) designed to assess stroke survivors' self-efficacy in daily functioning.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two groups of participants (N = 424) were recruited, a stroke survivor group (n = 259) who were recruited through two stroke associations in Australia and a non-stroke group (n = 165) who were the partners/carers of the stroke survivors (n = 93) and members of the community in Queensland, Australia (n = 72). Principal Component Analyses (PCA) were used to assess the factor structure of the scale and investigations of internal consistency, test-retest reliability, convergent and discriminant validity were conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The final measure is a 12-item scale comprising two subscales: self-efficacy for psychosocial functioning and self-efficacy for activities of daily living. The scale demonstrated high internal consistency, temporal stability and convergent validity, and it discriminated well between the stroke and non-stroke groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The DLSES is a psychometrically sound measure of self-efficacy in psychosocial functioning and self-efficacy in activities of daily living appropriate for stroke survivors, regardless of level of physical impairment. Implications for Rehabilitation A key factor that may influence outcome following a stroke is the level of self-efficacy that stroke survivors have in their ability to function in their daily life. The DLSES provides a measure of this ability that may be useful in enhancing preparation for the return to the community. The DLSES assesses self-efficacy in two important areas of daily functioning--activities of daily living and psychosocial functioning. This new measure can be administered to stroke individuals regardless of the nature or degree of physical impairment.
authors.affiliation: Centre for National Research on Disability Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Human Services and Social Work, Griffith University , Australia .
authors.forename: Annick
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maujean
authors.forename: Penelope
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kendall
authors.forename: Leanne
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Casey
authors.forename: Natalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Loxton
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011594:Psychometrics; D011793:Queensland; D020377:Self Efficacy; D020521:Stroke / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D017741:Survivors