title: Regulation of food intake after surgery and the gut brain axis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To highlight recent developments relating control of food intake after surgery and the gut-brain axis by reviewing clinically relevant English language articles mainly from January 2011 to March 2013.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The gut-brain axis involves a number of complex interactions between hypothalamic nuclei and the gastrointestinal tract. In the postoperative period, release of cytokines and neuromodulators are involved in the control of food intake. Analogues of neuromodulators have been developed and tested in animal studies. The emerging field of metabolic surgery has allowed study of these mechanisms in greater detail.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current epidemic of worldwide obesity demands further research into the mechanisms underlying control of food intake.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Unit, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: Nilanjana
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tewari
authors.forename: Sherif
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Awad
authors.forename: Dileep N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Lobo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001066:Appetite / Q000502:physiology; D050110:Bariatric Surgery; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology*; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000378:metabolism*; D054439:Ghrelin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000378:metabolism*; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D020738:Leptin / Q000378:metabolism; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D009765:Obesity / Q000601:surgery; D011184:Postoperative Period
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D054439:Ghrelin; D007328:Insulin; D020738:Leptin; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents