title: Responses of RAW264.7 macrophages to water-dispersible gold and silver nanoparticles stabilized by metal-carbon σ-bonds.
abstract: Nanometals are currently receiving considerable attention for industrial and biomedical applications, but their potentially hazardous and toxic effects have not been extensively studied. This study evaluated the biological responses of novel water-dispersible gold (Au-NPs) and silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) stabilized by Au-C or Ag-C σ-bonds in cultured macrophages (RAW264.7), via analysis of the cell viability, the integrity of the plasma membrane, and the inflammatory and morphological properties. The cultured RAW264.7 was exposed to metal-NPs at various concentrations. The Ag-NPs showed cytotoxicity at high NP concentrations, but the cytotoxic effects of the Au-NPs were smaller than those of the Ag-NPs. For the microscopic analysis, both types of particles were internalized into cells, the morphological changes in the cells which manifested as an expansion of the vesicles' volume, were smaller for the Au-NPs compared with the Ag-NPs. For the Ag-NPs, the endocytosis abilities of the macrophages might have induced harmful effects, because of the expansion of the cell vesicles. Although an inflammatory response was observed for both the Au- and Ag-NPs, the harmful effects of the Au-NPs were smaller than those of the Ag-NPs, with minor morphological changes observed even after internalization of the NPs into the cells.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, 061-0293, Japan.
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: Hirokazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Toshima
authors.forename: Tetsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yonezawa
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawai
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Narushima
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaga
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Endo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012995:Solubility; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D014867:Water; D012834:Silver; D002244:Carbon; D006046:Gold
keywords: endocytosis; gold; macrophage; nanoparticle; silver