title: C332C genotype of glyoxalase 1 and its association with late diabetic complications.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Glyoxalase 1 catalyses the detoxification of methylglyoxal, a major precursor of advanced glycation end products associated with aging, neurodegenerative diseases, and microvascular complications of diabetes. Here, we examine a possible association of a single nucleotide polymorphism of glyoxalase 1 gene (Glo1 A332C, rs4746 or rs2736654) with the prevalence of microvascular diabetic complications in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Genotyping was performed in 209 patients with type 1 and 524 patients with type 2 diabetes using polymerase chain reaction and subsequent cleavage by restriction endonuclease Bsa I.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Frequencies of the glyoxalase 1 genotypes were different with respect to diabetes type with a significantly higher prevalence of A332A-genotype in type 1 diabetes (35.9% vs. 27.3%; p=0.03). In type 1 diabetes, there was no correlation of any genotype with diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy or neuropathy. In contrast, type 2 diabetic patients homozygous for the C332C allele showed a significantly increased prevalence of diabetic neuropathy (p=0.03; OR=1.49 [95%-CI: 1.04; 2.11]), while no association with diabetic nephropathy or retinopathy was found. However, the significance of this association was lost after correction for multiple testing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest a possible association of C332C-genotype of the glyoxalase 1 gene with diabetic neuropathy in type 2 diabetes, supporting the hypothesis that methylglyoxal might be an important mediator of diabetic neuropathy in type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Clinical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. jan.groener@med.uni- heidelberg.de
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Groener
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Reismann
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fleming
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kalscheuer
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lehnhoff
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hamann
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Roser
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bierhaus
authors.forename: P P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Nawroth
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rudofsky
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007791:Lactoylglutathione Lyase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
chemical_list: D007791:Lactoylglutathione Lyase