title: TLR9 promoter polymorphism is associated with both an increased susceptibility to gastric carcinoma and poor prognosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Genetic polymorphisms of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) may influence the effects of H. pylori infection and play important roles in gastric carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to determine whether the polymorphisms of TLR4 and TLR9 are associated with susceptibility to gastric carcinoma and its prognosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study consisted of 314 patients with gastric cancer and 314 healthy controls. The polymorphisms were assessed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis. Survival was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier survival curves.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No variant genotypes of TLR4+896A/G, TLR4+1196C/T, or TLR9 -1237T/C were detected. For TLR9 -1486 T/C, multiple logistic regression analyses revealed that compared with the TT homozygote, patients with both the TC variant (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.47, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.04-2.10) and the CC variant (adjusted OR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.01-2.64) had higher risks of gastric cancer. Further stratification analyses revealed that an increased risk of gastric cancer associated with C carriers was evident among females (adjusted OR = 1.84, 95%CI = 1.02-3.33), in younger subjects aged less than 60 years old (adjusted OR = 1.86, 95%CI = 1.15-3.00), and subjects with H. pylori infection (adjusted OR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.03-2.27). We also observed a significant association between C carriers and noncardia gastric cancer (adjusted OR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.03-2.20). In addition, we demonstrated that the C carrier genotype and H. pylori infection may have a synergistic effect and conferred an OR of 2.44 for developing gastric cancer. TLR9 -1486C was also identified as an independent marker of poor survival of carcinoma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that TLR9 -1486C carriers are associated with an increased risk and poor prognosis of gastric carcinoma in the Chinese population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Changzhou No. 2 Hospital, Affiliated with Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Lening
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Lijuan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Guoxin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000235:genetics*; D002681:China; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D011379:Prognosis; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D012737:Sex Factors; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D051217:Toll-Like Receptor 9 / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; C495371:TLR9 protein, human; D051217:Toll-Like Receptor 9