title: Use of fluorescence, a novel technique to determine reduction in Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) nymph feeding when exposed to Benevia and other insecticides.
abstract: The sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), is an economically important pest in the United States and other countries. Growers in many places rely on the use of insecticides to reduce populations of B. tabaci. However, insecticides may take a few days to cause B. tabaci mortality and some do not reduce feeding before death. Earlier reduction of feeding of whiteflies would decrease the physiological effects on plants, reduce the production of sooty mold and potentially reduce the transmission of viruses. Measuring the reduction in feeding after the exposure of B. tabaci to an insecticide has proven difficult. This series of laboratory experiments demonstrate the usefulness of fluorescence in determining B. tabaci feeding cessation. Fluorescein sodium salt is systemically transported in the xylem from the roots to the plant leaves and absorbed by B. tabaci nymphs feeding on these plants. Nymphs start fluorescing shortly after the cotton plant root system is submerged in the fluorescein sodium salt. Using this novel technique, the effect of three insecticides with different modes of action, cyantraniliprole, imidacloprid, and spirotetramat on B. tabaci was evaluated and compared to determine reduction in feeding. Results indicate that B. tabaci nymphs feeding on a plant treated with Benevia have a significant reduction of feeding when compared with nymphs feeding on plants treated with imidacloprid or spirotetramat. Both Benevia and spirotetramat caused significant nymphal mortality by 48 h after exposure. This novel technique will be useful to demonstrate the feeding cessation or reduction in feeding produced by different insecticides in several sucking insect groups.
authors.affiliation: DuPont Crop Protection, Stine-Haskell Research Center, 1090 Elkton Road, Newark, DE 19711, USA.
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cameron
authors.forename: Edward B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: I Billy
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Annan
authors.forename: Hector E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Portillo
authors.forename: Juan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Alvarez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001372:Aza Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D003368:Gossypium; D006430:Hemiptera / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D009758:Nymph / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D061848:Optical Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D018515:Plant Leaves; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D013141:Spiro Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D062367:ortho-Aminobenzoates / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D001372:Aza Compounds; D007093:Imidazoles; D007306:Insecticides; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D011720:Pyrazoles; D013141:Spiro Compounds; D062367:ortho-Aminobenzoates; C082359:imidacloprid; C570705:spirotetramat; C558219:cyantraniliprole