title: Interaction between topographic/tomographic parameters and dry eye disease in keratoconus patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the interaction between corneal topographic and tomographic parameters and dry eye syndrome (DES) in keratoconus (KC) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-seven eyes of 49 patients with KC (age 34.4 ± 11.6 years) were enrolled in this study. In these 77 eyes we recorded surface regularity index (SRI), surface asymmetry index (SAI) and Klyce/Maeda KC index (KCI) using the Topographic Modeling System (TMS-5, Tomey, Tennenlohe, Germany), Index of Surface Variance (ISV), Index of Vertical Asymmetry (IVA), KC Index (KI), Center KC Index (CKI), Index of Height Asymmetry (IHA) and Index of Height Decentration (IHD) using Pentacam (Pentacam HR, Oculus, Germany). Patients were subdivided into mild (grade 1-2) and severe stage (grade 3-4) KC groups according to Pentacam grading. To analyse tear film parameters we assessed in 77 KC eyes McMonnies questionnaire, Schirmer test and break-up time and in 26 eyes (10 eyes with mild KC, 16 eyes with severe KC) high-speed videokeratoscopy (during interblinking interval) using a novel commercially not available system (Tear Inspect). With Tear Inspect the analysed tear film parameters were (1) time of first irregularities of Placido rings and (2) time of eyelid closure. Patients were also subdivided into McMonnies questionnaire positive and negative groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We did not find significant difference between patients with mild and severe KC in any of the examined tear film parameters (p > 0.66). There was no significant difference in SRI, SAI, KCI, ISV, IVA, KI, CKI, IHA and IHD in McMonnies test positive and negative KC patients (p > 0.07). There was no correlation between SRI, SAI, KCI, ISV, IVA, KI, CKI, IHA and IHD and any of the examined tear film parameters (without high-speed videokeratoscopy) neither in 77 KC patients nor in mild or severe KC eyes (r < 0.3).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is no interaction between DES and topographic/tomographic changes in KC-patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Saarland University Medical Center , Homburg/Saar , Germany .
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zemova
authors.forename: Timo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Eppig
authors.forename: Berthold
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Seitz
authors.forename: Sergey
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Toropygin
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arnold
authors.forename: Achim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Langenbucher
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gräber
authors.forename: Nóra
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Szentmáry
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003315:Cornea / Q000473:pathology; D019781:Corneal Topography; D018450:Disease Progression; D015352:Dry Eye Syndromes / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007640:Keratoconus / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013666:Tears