title: Specificity in monosynaptic and disynaptic bulbospinal connections to thoracic motoneurones in the rat.
abstract: The respiratory activity in the intercostal nerves of the rat is unusual, in that motoneurones of both branches of the intercostal nerves, internal and external, are activated during expiration. Here, the pathways involved in that activation were investigated in anaesthetised and in decerebrate rats by cross-correlation and by intracellular spike-triggered averaging from expiratory bulbospinal neurones (EBSNs), with a view to revealing specific connections that could be used in studies of experimental spinal cord injury. Decerebrate preparations, which showed the strongest expiratory activity, were found to be the most suitable for these measurements. Cross-correlations in these preparations showed monosynaptic connections from 16/19 (84%) of EBSNs, but only to internal intercostal nerve motoneurones (24/37, 65% of EBSN/nerve pairs), whereas disynaptic connections were seen for external intercostal nerve motoneurones (4/19, 21% of EBSNs or 7/25, 28% of EBSN/nerve pairs). There was evidence for additional disynaptic connections to internal intercostal nerve motoneurones. Intracellular spike-triggered averaging revealed excitatory postsynaptic potentials, which confirmed these connections. This is believed to be the first report of single descending fibres that participate in two different pathways to two different groups of motoneurones. It is of interest compared with the cat, where only one group of motoneurones is activated during expiration and only one of the pathways has been detected. The specificity of the connections could be valuable in studies of plasticity in pathological situations, but care will be needed in studying connections in such situations, because their strength was found here to be relatively weak.
authors.affiliation: Sobell Department for Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK.
authors.forename: Anoushka T R
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: de Almeida
authors.forename: Peter A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Kirkwood
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007367:Intercostal Nerves / Q000502:physiology*; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000502:physiology; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000502:physiology*; D013569:Synapses / Q000502:physiology