title: Plastic in north sea fish.
abstract: To quantify the occurrence of ingested plastic in fish species caught at different geographical positions in the North Sea, and to test whether the fish condition is affected by ingestion of plastics, 1203 individual fish of seven common North Sea species were investigated: herring, gray gurnard, whiting, horse mackerel, haddock, atlantic mackerel, and cod. Plastic particles were found in 2.6% of the examined fish and in five of the seven species. No plastics were found in gray gurnard and mackerel. In most cases, only one particle was found per fish, ranging in size from 0.04 to 4.8 mm. Only particles larger than 0.2 mm, being the diameter of the sieve used, were considered for the data analyses, resulting in a median particle size of 0.8 mm. The frequency of fish with plastic was significantly higher (5.4%) in the southern North Sea, than in the northern North Sea above 55°N (1.2%). The highest frequency (>33%) was found in cod from the English Channel. In addition, small fibers were initially detected in most of the samples, but their abundance sharply decreased when working under special clean air conditions. Therefore, these fibers were considered to be artifacts related to air born contamination and were excluded from the analyses. No relationship was found between the condition factor (size-weight relationship) of the fish and the presence of ingested plastic particles.
authors.affiliation: IMARES Wageningen UR , Department Experimental Ecology, P.O. Box 57, 1780 AB Den Helder, The Netherlands. edwin.foekema@wur.nl
authors.forename: Edwin M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Foekema
authors.forename: Corine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: De Gruijter
authors.forename: Mekuria T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Mergia
authors.forename: Jan Andries
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: van Franeker
authors.forename: Albertinka J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Murk
authors.forename: Albert A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Koelmans
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005399:Fishes / Q000378:metabolism*; D009792:Oceans and Seas; D010969:Plastics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D010969:Plastics; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical