title: Relations of depressive symptoms and antidepressant use to body mass index and selected biomarkers for diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated whether depressive symptoms and antidepressant use are associated with biomarkers for glucose dysregulation and inflammation, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference.
  
  
  METHODS
  Postmenopausal women were recruited into the Women's Health Initiative from 1993 to 1998, and data were collected at regular intervals through 2005. We used multiple linear regression models to examine whether depressive symptoms and antidepressant use are associated with BMI, waist circumference, and biomarkers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analysis of data from 71, 809 women who completed all relevant baseline and year 3 assessments showed that both elevated depressive symptoms and antidepressant use were significantly associated with higher BMI and waist circumference. Among 1950 women, elevated depressive symptoms were significantly associated with increased insulin levels and measures of insulin resistance. Analyses of baseline data from 2242 women showed that both elevated depressive symptoms and antidepressant use were associated with higher C-reactive protein levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Monitoring body habitus and other biomarkers among women with elevated depression symptoms or taking antidepressant medication may be prudent to prevent diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
authors.affiliation: Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA. Yunsheng.Ma@umassmed.edu
authors.forename: Yunsheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Raji
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Balasubramanian
authors.forename: Sherry L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Pagoto
authors.forename: Kristin L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Hébert
authors.forename: Lawrence S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: Joseph S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Goveas
authors.forename: Annie L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Culver
authors.forename: Barbara C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Olendzki
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Beck
authors.forename: Jordan W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Smoller
authors.forename: Deidre M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Sepavich
authors.forename: Judith K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Ockene
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Uebelacker
authors.forename: Martha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zorn
authors.forename: Simin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001827:Body Height; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003863:Depression / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D016014:Linear Models; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008055:Lipids; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002097:C-Reactive Protein