title: Prevalence of ventricular arrhythmia and its associated factors in nondialyzed chronic kidney disease patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sudden cardiac death is the most common cause of mortality in chronic kidney disease patients, and it occurs mostly due to ventricular arrhythmias. In this study, we aimed at investigating the prevalence of ventricular arrhythmia and the factors associated with its occurrence in nondialyzed chronic kidney disease patients.
  This cross-sectional study evaluated 111 chronic kidney disease patients (estimated glomerular filtration rate 34.7±16.1 mL/min/1.73 m(2), 57±11.4 years, 60% male, 24% diabetics). Ventricular arrhythmia was assessed by 24-hour electrocardiogram. Left ventricular hypertrophy (echocardiogram), 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, and coronary artery calcification (multi-slice computed tomography) and laboratory parameters were also evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ventricular arrhythmia was found in 35% of the patients. Non-controlled hypertension was observed in 21%, absence of systolic decency in 29%, left ventricular hypertrophy in 27%, systolic dysfunction in 10%, and coronary artery calcification in 49%. Patients with ventricular arrhythmia were older (p<0.001), predominantly men (p = 0.009), had higher estimated glomerular filtration rate (p = 0.03) and hemoglobin (p = 0.005), and lower intact parathyroid hormone (p = 0.024) and triglycerides (p = 0.011) when compared to patients without ventricular arrhythmia. In addition, a higher left ventricular mass index (p = 0.002) and coronary calcium score (p = 0.002), and a lower ejection fraction (p = 0.001) were observed among patients with ventricular arrhythmia. In the multiple logistic regression analysis, aging, increased hemoglobin levels and reduced ejection fraction were independently related to the presence of ventricular arrhythmia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ventricular arrhythmia is prevalent in nondialyzed chronic kidney disease patients. Age, hemoglobin levels and ejection fraction were the factors associated with ventricular arrhythmia in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fabiana Oliveira Bastos
authors.initials: FO
authors.lastname: Bonato
authors.forename: Marcelo Montebello
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Lemos
authors.forename: José Luiz
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Cassiolato
authors.forename: Maria Eugênia Fernandes
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Canziani
mesh_terms: D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*