title: Nitric oxide regulates polarity of guinea pig distal colon pellet propagation and circular muscle motor response.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Peristaltic reflex does not fully explain the polarity of peristalsis. In the distal colon, we propose that the balance of circular muscle contraction proximal and distal to the pellet is a local reflex that predicts polarity of peristalsis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Guinea pig distal colon segments were harvested, and fecal pellet transit was measured. Photographs of fecal pellet propagation were taken, colonic radius proximal and distal to the moving pellet was measured, and the ratio of radius proximal to pellet to radius distal to pellet was measured. Isometric transducers were attached 1 cm proximal and distal to a fixed intraluminal balloon, and circular muscle (CM) response to balloon distension was recorded. N (G)-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME) was used to elicit an effect in experimental preparations and compared to controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fecal pellet transit was delayed after L-NAME treatment (163 ± 23.9 vs. 41.5 ± 1.9 s in control, n = 6, p < 0.001). Photo-analysis revealed a ratio of proximal/distal colonic radius in control colon to be 0.72 ± 0.02 (n = 17) and in L-NAME treated colon 1.0 ± 0.02 (n = 10, p < 0.01). The dominant CM response pattern was a large contraction proximal to the inflated balloon and a smaller contraction distal to the balloon. In the presence of L-NAME, distal contraction was larger than the proximal contraction in 66% of the experiments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pellet propulsion in the guinea pig's distal colon depends on nitric oxide to provide appropriate balance of force between proximal and distal contraction, resulting in pellet propagation toward the anus. CM contracts both proximal and distal to the pellet, and the polarity of pellet progression depends on the balance of the two forces.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin and Clement J Zablocki VA Medical Center, 5000 West National Avenue, Milwaukee, WI, 53295, USA.
authors.forename: Irena
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gribovskaja-Rupp
authors.forename: Jung-Myun
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kwak
authors.forename: Toku
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Kirk
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ludwig
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003106:Colon / Q000378:metabolism*; D005243:Feces; D005772:Gastrointestinal Transit / Q000502:physiology*; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D010528:Peristalsis / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester