title: Effective dose estimates for cone beam computed tomography in interventional radiology.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare radiation doses in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) with those of multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) using manufacturers' standard protocols.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dose-levels in head and abdominal imaging were evaluated using a dosimetric phantom. Effective dose estimates were performed by placing thermoluminescent dosimeters in the phantom. Selected protocols for two CBCT systems and comparable protocols for one MDCT system were evaluated. Organ doses were measured and effective doses derived by applying the International Commission on Radiological Protection 2007 tissue weighting factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Effective doses estimated for the head protocol were 4.4 and 5.4 mSv for the two CBCT systems respectively and 4.3 mSv for MDCT. Eye doses for one CBCT system and MDCT were comparable (173.6 and 148.4 mGy respectively) but significantly higher compared with the second CBCT (44.6 mGy). Two abdominal protocols were evaluated for each system; the effective doses estimated were 15.0 and 18.6 mSv, 25.4 and 37.0 mSv, and 9.8 and 13.5 mSv, respectively, for each of the CBCT and MDCT systems.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study demonstrated comparable dose-levels for CBCT and MDCT systems in head studies, but higher dose levels for CBCT in abdominal studies. There was a significant difference in eye doses observed between the CBCT systems.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  • Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is increasingly utilised in interventional radiology. • Effective doses for selected CBCT and MDCT protocols were estimated and compared. • Dose levels in CBCT and MDCT were comparable for head studies. • Dose levels were higher in CBCT for abdominal studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore, 169608, Singapore, kwok.yew.mun@sgh.com.sg.
authors.forename: Y M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Kwok
authors.forename: F G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Irani
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Tay
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Padre
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Tan
mesh_terms: D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D006257:Head / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011860:Radiography, Abdominal / Q000379:methods*; D015642:Radiology, Interventional / Q000379:methods*; D011874:Radiometry; D013819:Thermoluminescent Dosimetry / Q000379:methods*