title: Degalactosylated/desialylated human serum containing GcMAF induces macrophage phagocytic activity and in vivo antitumor activity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The group-specific component protein-derived macrophage-activating factor (GcMAF) has various biological activities, such as macrophage activation and antitumor activity. Clinical trials of GcMAF have been carried out for metastatic breast cancer, prostate cancer, and metastatic colorectal cancer. In this study, despite the complicated purification process of GcMAF, we used enzymatically-treated human serum containing GcMAF with a considerable macrophage-stimulating activity and antitumor activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We detected GcMAF in degalactosylated/desialylated human serum by western blotting using an anti-human Gc globulin antibody, and Helix pomatia agglutinin lectin. We also found that GcMAF-containing human serum significantly enhanced the phagocytic activity of mouse peritoneal macrophages and extended the survival time of mice bearing Ehrlich ascites tumors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We demonstrated that GcMAF-containing human serum can be used as a potential macrophage activator for cancer immunotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Graduate School, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kuchiike
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Uto
authors.forename: Hirotaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mukai
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ishiyama
authors.forename: Chiaki
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: Daichi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Tomohito
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawai
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kubo
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mette
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inui
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hori
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002286:Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D005690:Galactose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000187:drug effects*; D016215:Macrophage-Activating Factors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D044967:Serum / Q000737:chemistry*; D012794:Sialic Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D014809:Vitamin D-Binding Protein / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D016215:Macrophage-Activating Factors; D012794:Sialic Acids; D014809:Vitamin D-Binding Protein; C101908:vitamin D-binding protein-macrophage activating factor; D005690:Galactose
keywords: Degalactosylated/desialylated human serum; GcMAF; in vivo antitumor activity; macrophage phagocytic activity