title: Confronting diversity in the production of clinical evidence goes beyond merely including under-represented groups in clinical trials.
abstract: There is increasing evidence that outcomes of health care differ by patient characteristics, such as gender and ethnicity. If evidence-based medicine is to improve quality of care for all patients, it is essential to take this diversity into account when designing clinical studies. So far, this notion has mainly been translated into recommendations for including minority populations in trials. We argue that a more comprehensive view of the production of diversity-sensitive clinical evidence is needed, one that takes heterogeneity as a starting point in research. We call for a mix of methodological approaches aimed at identifying diversity issues that matter and analysing the impact of these diversities on clinical outcomes. Institutional changes are necessary to support this methodological reform.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. k.stronks@amc.uva.nl
authors.forename: Karien
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Stronks
authors.forename: Nicolien F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Wieringa
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hardon
mesh_terms: D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D005006:Ethnicity; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005260:Female; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D054625:Healthcare Disparities / Q000208:ethnology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008913:Minority Groups; D018579:Patient Selection; D035842:Research Subjects; D012737:Sex Factors