title: Endoscopic submucosal dissection using a carbon dioxide laser with submucosally injected laser absorber solution (porcine model).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recently, endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has been performed to treat early gastric cancer. The en bloc resection rate of ESD has been reported to be higher than that of conventional endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), and ESD can resect larger lesions than EMR. However, ESD displays a higher complication rate than conventional EMR. Therefore, the development of devices that would increase the safety of ESD is desired. Lasers have been extensively studied as a possible alternative to electrosurgical tools. However, laser by itself easily resulted in perforation upon irradiation of the gastrointestinal tract. We hypothesized that performing ESD using a CO2 laser with a submucosal laser absorber could be a safe and simple treatment for early gastric cancer. To provide proof of concept regarding the feasibility of ESD using a CO2 laser with submucosally injected laser absorber solution, an experimental study in ex vivo and in vivo porcine models was performed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five endoscopic experimental procedures using a carbon dioxide (CO2) laser were performed in a resected porcine stomach. In addition, three endoscopic experimental procedures using a CO2 laser were performed in living pigs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the ex vivo study, en bloc resections were all achieved without perforation and muscular damage. In addition, histological evaluations could be performed in all of the resected specimens. In the in vivo study, en bloc resections were achieved without perforation and muscular damage, and uncontrollable hemorrhage did not occur during the procedures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endoscopic submucosal dissection using a CO2 laser with a submucosal laser absorber is a feasible and safe method for the treatment of early gastric cancer.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-2, Kusnoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan, dobata@med.kobe-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Obata
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.forename: Rinna
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kawaguchi
authors.forename: Katsunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.forename: Hisanao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hazama
authors.forename: Kunio
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Awazu
authors.forename: Hiromu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kutsumi
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Azuma
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004210:Dissection / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects* / Q000601:surgery*; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007267:Injections; D054020:Lasers, Gas / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D023421:Models, Animal; D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013552:Swine; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid