title: Phytochemical contents and enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant properties of Anethum graveolens L. (dill) samples cultivated under organic and conventional agricultural conditions.
abstract: Inhibitory effect of the n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol extracts from Anethum graveolens L. (dill) cultivated under organic (AG-O) and conventional (AG-C) conditions was tested against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and tyrosinase at 200 μg mL⁻¹. Their antioxidant activity was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylendiamine (DMPD), and nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging assays as well as ferric ion-chelation capacity, ferric-(FRAP), and phosphomolybdenum-reducing antioxidant power (PRAP). The phytochemical analyses have been performed on both of the plant samples. GC-MS analysis pointed out that α-phellandrene was the main component in both of the essential oils in varying amounts (47.75% for AG-O and 27.94% for AG-C), while oleic acid was the dominant in the fruit oils of two samples (36.39% for AG-O and 53.87% for AG-C). HPLC analysis showed that both of the extracts contained rosmarinic acid as the major phenolic acid. The extracts inhibited BChE at moderate level, while the ethanol extracts exerted remarkable NO scavenging effect. The results emphasize that cultivation conditions may have effect on bioactivity and phytochemical content on plant samples.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara, Turkey. iorhan@gazi.edu.tr
authors.forename: Ilkay Erdogan
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Orhan
authors.forename: F Sezer
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Senol
authors.forename: Nilgun
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ozturk
authors.forename: Sadiye Ayse
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Celik
authors.forename: Aysen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pulur
authors.forename: Yuksel
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kan
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D028524:Anethum graveolens / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002091:Butyrylcholinesterase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D002934:Cinnamates / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D000081005:Cyclohexane Monoterpenes; D053630:Depsides / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D055808:Drug Discovery; D004593:Electrophorus; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D058870:Food, Organic / Q000032:analysis*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D006736:Horses; D007502:Iron Chelating Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D000097123:Rosmarinic Acid
chemical_list: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D000975:Antioxidants; D002091:Butyrylcholinesterase; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D002934:Cinnamates; D000081005:Cyclohexane Monoterpenes; D053630:Depsides; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D029941:Fish Proteins; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D007502:Iron Chelating Agents; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase; D039821:Monoterpenes; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012997:Solvents; D000097123:Rosmarinic Acid; C005403:alpha phellandrene
keywords: Anethum graveolens; Antioxidant activity; Dill; Enzyme inhibition; Oil; Phenolic acid