title: Poly-γ-glutamic acid attenuates angiogenesis and inflammation in experimental colitis.
abstract: Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA), naturally secreted from various strains of Bacillus, has anti-inflammatory activity. In inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), inflammation is promoted and sustained by angiogenesis; however, the role played by γ-PGA in this condition is unclear. Therefore, we evaluated γ-PGA effects on angiogenesis and inflammation in a dextran sulfate sodium-(DSS-) induced mouse colitis model. Experimental colitis was induced in male C57BL/6 mice by administering 3% DSS. Disease activity index (DAI), histopathological scores, microvascular density, myeloperoxidase activity, and VEGF-A and VEGFR2 expression were compared among control mice, DSS-treated mice, and mice receiving 3% DSS along with γ-PGA at 50 mg/kg body weight per day or 3% DSS with γ-PGA at 200 mg/kg body weight per day. We found that γ-PGA significantly attenuated weight loss, DAI, and colon shortening. γ-PGA also significantly reduced histopathological evidence of injury. Moreover, γ-PGA significantly attenuated DSS-induced blood vessel densities. Furthermore, γ-PGA attenuated DSS-induced expression of VEGF-A and its receptor, VEGFR2. In addition, γ-PGA treatment led to reduced recruitment of leukocytes to the inflamed colon. Therefore, our results indicate that γ-PGA has potential application in conditions marked by inflammatory-driven angiogenesis and mucosal inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Research Division Emerging Innovative Technology, Korea Food Research Institute, 516 Baekhyun-Dong, Bundang-Ku, Seongnam Gyeonggi 463-746, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Munkhtugs
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Davaatseren
authors.forename: Jin-Taek
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Jae Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Myung-Sunny
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Shuaiyu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Mi Jeong
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Sung
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D003092:Colitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology*; D016264:Dextran Sulfate / Q000633:toxicity; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000517:prevention & control; D011099:Polyglutamic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C511775:poly(gamma-glutamic acid); D011099:Polyglutamic Acid; D016264:Dextran Sulfate; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2