title: Squamous cell carcinoma at an ileostomy site-Fifty-four years following colectomy for ulcerative colitis: A case report and literature review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Carcinoma arising at an ileostomy site is an extremely rare occurrence. The rate of malignancy arising at an ileostomy site is reported as being 2-4 of every 1000 cases. The development of squamous cell carcinoma at the mucocutaneous junction of an ileostomy is extremely rare.
  
  
  METHODS
  We present a case of a 76-year-old male who developed squamous cell carcinoma at an ileostomy site fifty-four years after total colectomy as management for ulcerative colitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our literature review has identified only four similar cases previously published in English literature. All cases of squamous cell carcinoma developing in ileostomy have occurred after a minimum of twenty-six years following ileostomy. This suggests that the etiology may be due to chronic factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with chronic stomal inflammation, bleeding or persistent induration and/or mass formation should be followed up closely and investigated for recurrence or development of a new malignancy. There should be a low threshold to obtain an early definitive tissue diagnosis by taking biopsies to prevent local or systemic invasion.
authors.affiliation: Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Colorectal Unit, United Kingdom. Electronic address: farshid.e@doctors.org.uk.
authors.forename: Farshid
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ejtehadi
authors.forename: Metin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nizamoglu
authors.forename: Rangasamy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sivakumar
keywords: Crohn's; Ileostomy; Squamous cell carcinoma