title: Xanthine oxidase inhibitory lanostanoids from Ganoderma tsugae.
abstract: Two new lanostanoids, 3α-acetoxy-22-oxo-5α-lanosta-8,24-dien-21-oic acid, named tsugaric acid D (1) and 16α-hydroxy-3-oxo-5α-lanosta-6,8,24(24(1))-trien-21-oic acid, named tsugaric acid E (2) were isolated from the fruit bodies of Ganoderma tsugae. The structures 1 and 2 were determined by spectroscopic methods. Compound 1 and known compounds 3 and 6 exhibited significant inhibitory effects on xanthine oxidase (XO) activity with an IC50 values of 90.2±24.2, 116.1±3.0, and 181.9±5.8 μM, respectively. Known compound 5 was able to protect human keratinocytes against damage induced by UVB light, which showed 5 could protect keratinocytes from photodamage. The 1 and 5 μM 1 combined with 5 μM cisplatin, respectively, enhanced the cytotoxicity induced by cisplatin. It suggested that 1 and 5 μM 1 combined with low dose of cisplatin may enhance the therapeutic efficacy of cisplatin and reduce side effect and cisplatin resistant.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Kai-Wei
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Yen-Ting
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Shyh-Chyun
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Bai-Luh
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Chi-Feng
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.forename: Chun-Nan
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001688:Biological Products / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D048690:Fruiting Bodies, Fungal / Q000737:chemistry; D032902:Ganoderma / Q000737:chemistry*; D041743:Herb-Drug Interactions; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects; D007810:Lanosterol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D015394:Molecular Structure; D008517:Phytotherapy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011833:Radiation Injuries, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D000975:Antioxidants; D001688:Biological Products; C409622:tsugaric acid; D007810:Lanosterol; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase; D002945:Cisplatin
keywords: Antioxidant; Cytotoxicity; Ganoderma tsugae; Lanostanoids; Photodamage