title: More than one ring to bind them all: recent insights into the structure of the axon.
abstract: This brief review outlines recent developments in the understanding of the ultrastructural organization of the axonal and growth cone actin filament cytoskeleton. A novel form of structural organization has arisen as a regulator of the actin cytoskeleton: ring-like structures. Rings may represent a conserved functional theme exhibited by diverse molecular systems and have implications for the understanding of the axon in development, maturity, and disease.
authors.affiliation: Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University, School of Medicine Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19140.
authors.forename: Gianluca
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gallo
mesh_terms: D008841:Actin Cytoskeleton / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D000818:Animals; D001369:Axons / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D020439:Growth Cones / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D006801:Humans
keywords: adducin; branching; cortactin; dynamin; filopodia; filopodium; guidance; microtubules; septin; spectrin; sprouting