title: Comparison of developmental toxicity of seven perfluoroalkyl acids to zebrafish embryos.
abstract: The toxicity of individual perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) has been suggested to be determined by the carbon chain length as well as the functional group attached. We tested seven different PFAAs including both sulfonic and carboxylic PFAAs with different chain length to evaluate the developmental toxicity in zebrafish embryos. Generally, the acute toxicity of PFAAs is relatively low to zebrafish embryos. The EC50 values ranged from 1.5 to 2200mg/L. We observed a relationship between higher toxicity with longer carbon chain. In addition, we also observed a higher toxicity for sulfonic PFAAs than for carboxylic PFAAs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Mazhar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ulhaq
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden. Electronic address: gunnar.carlsson@slu.se.
authors.forename: Gunnar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Carlsson
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Örn
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Leif
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Norrgren
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002264:Carboxylic Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000187:drug effects; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013451:Sulfonic Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000196:embryology
chemical_list: D002264:Carboxylic Acids; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D013451:Sulfonic Acids
keywords: Embryo; Perfluoroalkyl acids; Toxicity; Zebrafish