title: Repair of bilateral incomplete cleft lip: techniques and outcomes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Primary repair of bilateral incomplete cleft lip appears to be uncomplicated but requires attention to technical details in the third dimension in anticipation of changes in the fourth dimension.
  
  
  METHODS
  Direct anthropometry was used to document nasolabial dimensions before and immediately after repair in 51 infants with bilateral incomplete cleft lip. Technical details were analyzed in 48 patients; serial anthropometry was plotted in 22 male patients aged 2 to 20 years and compared to Farkas's normal growth lines. Revisions were also documented (n = 46).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nasal width was made narrow and widened to normal by adolescence. Nasal tip protrusion was elongated and grew parallel to normal. Columellar length was constructed above normal, lengthened slowly in childhood, and was slightly short by adulthood. The Cupid's bow was designed narrow, widened slightly, and maintained normal dimension in adulthood. The upper philtrum was tapered and remained less wide than the lower philtrum. Although maximum available cutaneous prolabium was used in repair, it was short postoperatively and philtral height failed to exhibit catchup growth. The median tubercle was constructed overly full, but growth frequently fell behind in adolescence; 39 percent of patients required secondary augmentation. Total upper labial height closely followed the normal growth curve.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serial anthropometry documented postoperative changes in nasolabial dimensions compared with normal growth lines. Repair of bilateral incomplete cleft lip requires primary correction of nasal and labial features based on their differential growth.
  
  
  METHODS
  Therapeutic, IV.
authors.affiliation: Boston, Mass. From the Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School.
authors.forename: John B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Mulliken
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D000886:Anthropometry; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000601:surgery*; D016208:Databases, Factual; D006801:Humans; D008046:Lip / Q000254:growth & development / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D009666:Nose / Q000254:growth & development / Q000601:surgery*; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult