title: Gibberellin biosynthetic deficiency is responsible for maize dominant Dwarf11 (D11) mutant phenotype: physiological and transcriptomic evidence.
abstract: Dwarf stature is introduced to improve lodging resistance and harvest index in crop production. In many crops including maize, mining and application of novel dwarf genes are urgent to overcome genetic bottleneck and vulnerability during breeding improvement. Here we report the characterization and expression profiling analysis of a newly identified maize dwarf mutant Dwarf11 (D11). The D11 displays severely developmental abnormalities and is controlled by a dominant Mendelian factor. The D11 seedlings responds to both GA3 and paclobutrazol (PAC) application, suggesting that dwarf phenotype of D11 is caused by GA biosynthesis instead of GA signaling deficiency. In contrast, two well-characterized maize dominant dwarf plants D8 and D9 are all insensitive to exogenous GA3 stimulation. Additionally, sequence variation of D8 and D9 genes was not identified in the D11 mutant. Microarray and qRT-PCR analysis results demonstrated that transcripts encoding GA biosynthetic and catabolic enzymes ent-kaurenoic acid oxidase (KAO), GA 20-oxidase (GA20ox), and GA 2-oxidase (GA2ox) are up-regulated in D11. Our results lay a foundation for the following D11 gene cloning and functional characterization. Moreover, results presented here may aid in crops molecular improvement and breeding, especially breeding of crops with plant height ideotypes.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China. yjwang61@163.com
authors.forename: Yijun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Dexiang
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Haidong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Xiangming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Suxin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yunlong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bian
authors.forename: Zhitong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Yao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D053898:Biosynthetic Pathways / Q000235:genetics*; D001947:Breeding / Q000379:methods*; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005875:Gibberellins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010641:Phenotype; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013045:Species Specificity; D014230:Triazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D003313:Zea mays / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development*
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D005875:Gibberellins; D014230:Triazoles; C053370:paclobutrazol; C007842:gibberellic acid; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases; C089210:gibberellin, 2-oxoglutarate-oxygen oxidoreductase (20-hydroxylating, oxidizing)