title: The incidence and nature of injuries sustained on grass and 3rd generation artificial turf: a pilot study in elite Saudi National Team footballers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the incidence, severity and nature of injuries sustained by Saudi National Team footballers during match-play and training on natural grass and 3rd generation (3G) artificial turf.
  
  
  METHODS
  Injury data was collected on all Saudi National Team players competing at the Gulf Cup (Yemen December 2010: 3G) and the Asian Cup (Qatar January 2011; grass). A total of 49 players were studied (mean ± SD; Age 27 ± 4 yr; body mass 71.4 ± 6.7 kg; height 176.8 ± 6.3 cm; professional playing experience 9 ± 3 yr) of which 31 competed at the Gulf Cup, 32 at the Asian Cup (14 at both). A prospective cohort design was used to investigate the incidence, nature and severity of injuries sustained with data collected using a standardised injury questionnaire. All data were collected by the team physiotherapist with the definition of injury set at any injury that required player and clinician contact. Injury and exposure data were collected and reported for games, training and all football activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 82 injuries [incidence - 56.1 per 1000 h total game and training exposure] were recorded at the Asian Cup (grass) and 72 injuries [incidence - 37.9 per 1000 h total game and training exposure] were recorded at the Gulf Cup (3G). Incidence data for training, game and all football exposure injury rates were higher when playing on grass. The vast majority of injuries on both surfaces were very minor that, whilst requiring medical attention, did not result in loss of match/training exposure. Injuries that resulted in 1-3 days absence from training or game play had similar incidence rates (Grass: 7.4 vs. 3G: 7.4 injuries per 1000 h exposure). More severe injuries were less frequent but with a higher incidence when playing on grass. Lower limb injuries were the most common in both tournaments with a higher incidence on grass (Grass: 14.2 vs. 3G: 7.9 injuries per 1000 h exposure). Muscle injuries were the most frequent of all injuries with similar incidence rates on both surfaces (Grass: 5.4 vs. 3G: 4.7 injuries per 1000 h exposure). Injuries that involved player contact were also more common on grass (Grass: 11.5 vs. 3G: 3.2 injuries per 1000 h exposure).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Whether reporting all injuries or just those that prevented players from taking part in training or match play, injury incidence rates were generally higher when Saudi National Team footballers played on grass than on 3G artificial surface. Although this is a small study, the unique quasi-repeated measures study design with elite Saudi National Team footballers, adds to the current belief that 3G artificial turf does not increase injury risk in football.
authors.affiliation: Saudi National Football Team, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Football Exchange, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Almutawa
authors.affiliation: Football Exchange, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.affiliation: Football Exchange, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK.
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: George
authors.affiliation: Football Exchange, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK. Electronic address: b.drust@ljmu.ac.uk.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Drust
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000293:injuries; D010865:Pilot Projects; D006109:Poaceae; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012529:Saudi Arabia; D012916:Soccer / Q000293:injuries*; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Contact; Severity; Site; Soccer