title: Pain relief after isometric exercise is not task-dependent in older men and women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study assessed the effect of isometric contractions that varied in intensity and duration on pain perception in adults older than 60 yr.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pain perception was measured in 24 men and women (mean ± SD age = 72.2 ± 6.2 yr) using a pressure pain device applied to the right index finger before and after isometric contractions of the left elbow flexor muscles of the following doses: 1) three brief maximal voluntary contractions (MVC), 2) 25% MVC held for 2 min, and 3) 25% MVC held to task failure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Older adults reported increased pain thresholds (58 s vs 49 s, P < 0.001) and decreased pain ratings (2.8 vs 3.4, P < 0.001) after exercise, and these changes were similar across all three tasks (P = 0.94 and P = 0.55, respectively). Sex differences were identified with older women reporting greater pain sensitivity (lower pain thresholds [P = 0.01] and higher pain ratings [P = 0.004]) and larger reductions in pain ratings than men (23% vs 9%, P = 0.003) after isometric contractions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Older adults experienced similar reductions in pain after several different intensities and durations of isometric contractions. Both older men and women experienced increases in pain threshold, but only older women experienced reductions in pain ratings.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Physical Therapy, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI; and 2Department of Physical Therapy, Concordia University Wisconsin, Mequon, WI.
authors.forename: Kathy J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Lemley
authors.forename: Breanna
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Drewek
authors.forename: Sandra K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.forename: Marie K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Hoeger Bement
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D005385:Fingers; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D007537:Isometric Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D053580:Muscle Strength; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D058748:Pain Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology; D011312:Pressure / Q000009:adverse effects; D012737:Sex Factors; D013997:Time Factors