title: Measuring "waiting" impulsivity in substance addictions and binge eating disorder in a novel analogue of rodent serial reaction time task.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Premature responding is a form of motor impulsivity that preclinical evidence has shown to predict compulsive drug seeking but has not yet been studied in humans. We developed a novel translation of the task, based on the rodent 5-choice serial reaction time task, testing premature responding in disorders of drug and natural food rewards.
  
  
  METHODS
  Abstinent alcohol- (n = 30) and methamphetamine-dependent (n = 23) subjects, recreational cannabis users (n = 30), and obese subjects with (n = 30) and without (n = 30) binge eating disorder (BED) were compared with matched healthy volunteers and tested on the premature responding task.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with healthy volunteers, alcohol- and methamphetamine-dependent subjects and cannabis users showed greater premature responding with no differences observed in obese subjects with or without BED. Current smokers exhibited greater premature responding versus ex-smokers and nonsmokers. Alcohol-dependent subjects also had lower motivation for explicit monetary incentives. A Motivation Index correlated negatively with alcohol use and binge eating severity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Premature responding on a novel translation of a serial reaction time task was more evident in substance use disorders but not in obese subjects with or without BED. Lower motivation for monetary incentives linked alcohol use and binge eating severity. Our findings add to understanding the relationship between drug and natural food rewards.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Electronic address: voonval@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Valerie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Voon
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Irvine
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Derbyshire
authors.affiliation: Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Yulia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Worbe
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Iris
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lange
authors.affiliation: Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Sanja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abbott
authors.affiliation: Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morein-Zamir
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Robyn
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dudley
authors.affiliation: Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Caprioli
authors.affiliation: Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Neil A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Harrison
authors.affiliation: Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Jeffrey W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Dalley
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Edward T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Bullmore
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Jon E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Grant
authors.affiliation: Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Trevor W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Robbins
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D056912:Binge-Eating Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D011930:Reaction Time; D012201:Reward; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Binge eating; impulsivity; motivation; obesity; premature responding; substance use disorders