title: HMGN1 modulates nucleosome occupancy and DNase I hypersensitivity at the CpG island promoters of embryonic stem cells.
abstract: Chromatin structure plays a key role in regulating gene expression and embryonic differentiation; however, the factors that determine the organization of chromatin around regulatory sites are not fully known. Here we show that HMGN1, a nucleosome-binding protein ubiquitously expressed in vertebrate cells, preferentially binds to CpG island-containing promoters and affects the organization of nucleosomes, DNase I hypersensitivity, and the transcriptional profile of mouse embryonic stem cells and neural progenitors. Loss of HMGN1 alters the organization of an unstable nucleosome at transcription start sites, reduces the number of DNase I-hypersensitive sites genome wide, and decreases the number of nestin-positive neural progenitors in the subventricular zone (SVZ) region of mouse brain. Thus, architectural chromatin-binding proteins affect the transcription profile and chromatin structure during embryonic stem cell differentiation.
authors.affiliation: Protein Section, Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Z Iris
authors.initials: ZI
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Shaofei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Fenfei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Leng
authors.forename: Srujana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cherukuri
authors.forename: Loren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: Leonardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mariño-Ramírez
authors.forename: Eran
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Meshorer
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Landsman
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bustin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018899:CpG Islands; D003850:Deoxyribonuclease I / Q000378:metabolism*; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D017353:Gene Deletion; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D024241:HMGN1 Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007381:Intermediate Filament Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D064231:Nestin; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D009707:Nucleosomes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic
chemical_list: D024241:HMGN1 Protein; D007381:Intermediate Filament Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; C577485:Nes protein, mouse; D064231:Nestin; D009707:Nucleosomes; D003850:Deoxyribonuclease I