title: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and interleukin-10 levels are altered in preeclampsia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Published reports testing the association between cytokine levels and preeclampsia are conflicting. This comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis aimed at testing the association between preeclampsia and maternal circulating tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic literature search of studies reporting maternal circulating TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 in women with preeclampsia and normotensive pregnant women was conducted yielding 41, 28, and 12 eligible reports, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both mild preeclampsia and severe preeclampsia were associated with elevated TNF-α [mean difference (MD) = 7.34 pg/mL, 95% CI 5.02-9.66 and MD = 7.91 pg/mL, 95% CI 4.72-11.10, respectively] and IL-6 (MD = 61.01 pg/mL, 95% CI 14.24-107.77 and MD = 28.54 pg/mL, 95% CI 15.90-41.17, respectively) in the third trimester. Preeclampsia was also associated with elevated levels of IL-10 (MD = 5.54, 95% CI 0.69-10.38). The systematic review of studies reporting median data was in consensus with the parametric data.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This systematic review and meta-analysis with accompanying summary of non-parametric data shows elevated maternal circulating TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 levels in preeclampsia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Sien Yee
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: Sarah-Jane
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Guild
authors.forename: Carolyn J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Barrett
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Leslie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: McCowan
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jordan
authors.forename: Lawrence W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Chamley
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000276:immunology*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000276:immunology*; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000276:immunology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10
keywords: Interleukin-10; interleukin-6; preeclampsia; tumor necrosis factor-alpha