title: Periarticular multimodal drug injection in total knee arthroplasty.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A systematic review and meta-analysis based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were conducted to evaluate the efficiency and safety of periarticular multimodal drug injection in total knee arthroplasty (TKA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Periarticular injection with the use of multimodal drugs is an efficient alternative for postoperative analgesia in TKA. A systematical electronic search was performed to identify the eligible RCTs in the databases of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science and the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database. Two independent reviewers completed data collection and assessment of methodological quality. The quality of evidence of outcomes was judged using GRADE criteria. Meta-analysis was performed for the outcomes of pain, straight leg raise, operating time, hospital stay and complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten RCTs including eight studies with 1,216 TKAs in 835 patients met the inclusion criteria. Periarticular injection with multimodal drugs in TKA was associated with short-term benefits in terms of pain relief, straight leg raise, narcotic consumption, and the rates of nausea, vomiting, rash and pruritus. There were no statistically significant differences in operating time, hospital stay, wound complications and deep vein thrombosis between both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current evidence suggests that periarticular multimodal drug injection in TKA provides short-term advantages in pain relief, straight leg raise and postoperative complications.
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, No. 82 Cuiyingmen, Chengguan District, Lanzhou City, 730030, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China, tengyj06@126.com.
authors.forename: Yuanjun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Teng
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Shaolong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Lianggong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Zhaohui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Md Shahidur
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Wenjia
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Xuren
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yayi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xia
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018771:Arthralgia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D019645:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D007270:Injections, Intra-Articular; D059408:Pain Management; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D004837:Epinephrine