title: Microscopic analysis of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) embryonic development before and after treatment with azadirachtin, lufenuron, and deltamethrin.
abstract: The botanical insecticides, growth regulators, and pyrethroids have an effect on the biology of Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith). However, no emphasis has been given to the effect of these insecticides on embryonic development of insects, in histological level. Thus, this research aimed to examine by light and scanning electron microscopy S. frugiperda eggs and to describe the embryonic development, before and after immersion treatment, using commercial concentrations and lower concentrations than commercial ones, of the compounds lufenuron (Match), azadirachtin (AzaMax), and deltamethrin (Decis-positive control). For light microscopy semithin sections of eggs were used, and for scanning electron microscopy, images of the surface of eggs, treated and untreated with insecticides. The morphological characteristics of S. frugiperda eggs, in general, were similar to those described in the literature for most of the insects in the order Lepidoptera. Spherical eggs slightly flattened at the poles, with chorion, yolk, vitelline membrane, and embryo formation. In both microscopic analysis, we observed that insecticides acted immediately and independent of concentration, resulting absence, or incomplete embryo, presented yolk granules widely dispersed, without vitellophage formation, chorion disintegration, disorganized blastoderm, presenting vacuoles, yolk region with amorphous cells, and formation of completely uncharacterized appendages. Thus, we conclude that the compounds lufenuron and azadirachtin interfere on S. frugiperda embryonic development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy-Entomology, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiros Street, s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alicely A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Correia
authors.forename: Valéria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Wanderley-Teixeira
authors.forename: Alvaro A C
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.forename: José V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: Gabriel G A
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.forename: MaríIia G S
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Cavalcanti
authors.forename: Fábio A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Brayner
authors.forename: Luiz C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Alves
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001549:Benzamides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D036701:Limonins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009570:Nitriles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010063:Ovum / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018411:Spodoptera / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D005466:Fluorocarbons
chemical_list: D001549:Benzamides; D007306:Insecticides; D036701:Limonins; D009570:Nitriles; D011722:Pyrethrins; C070364:fluphenacur; D005466:Fluorocarbons; C017180:decamethrin; C010329:azadirachtin