title: Phytochemical investigations and bioactivity evaluation of liverworts as a function of anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive properties in animal models.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Liverworts (Marchantiophyta) are the second largest group of bryophytes exhibiting promising pharmacological and biological activities. They have been used as remedies for cuts, fractures, burns, bruises, open wounds, inflammation and pneumonia.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In the present study, eight liverwort species [Corsinia coriandrina (Spreng.) Lindb. (Corsiniaceae), Mannia androgyna (L.) A. Evans (Aytoniaceae), Plagiochasma rupestre (J.R. Forst et G. Forst) Steph. (Aytoniaceae), Porella cordaeana (Huebener) Moore (Porellaceae), Porella platyphylla (L.) Pfeiff. (Porellaceae), Reboulia hemisphaerica (L.) Raddi (Aytoniaceae), Riccia fluitans L. (Ricciaceae), and Targionia hypophylla L. (Targioniaceae)] have been investigated for their phytochemical composition and pharmacological effects as a function of anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive potentials, in connection with the major volatile components of the extracts.
  
  
  METHODS
  The chemical compositions of these species and major constituents were identified using GC/MS. In addition, carrageenan-induced paw edema and p-benzoquinone-induced abdominal constriction models were used for the activity assessments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sesquiterpenes were detected as common constituents of all liverworts. The in vivo experimental models revealed that P. cordeana, P. rupestre and R. haemispherica show significant inhibitory effect on carrageenan-induced paw edema with the inhibition values of 25.4, 27.2 and 29.4%, respectively. Porella cordaeana, P. platyphylla, P. rupestre and R. haemispherica exhibit promising suppressing effect on p-benzoquinone-induced abdominal constriction animal models with the values of 27.6, 31.5, 44.6, and 41.1%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is suggested that the sesquiterpenes are partly responsible for mentioned activities of the liverworts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study confirms the claimed anti-inflammatory activity of liverworts in a scientific platform.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06100 Tandogan-Ankara, Turkey. alevtosun@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Alev
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tosun
authors.forename: Esra
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Küpeli Akkol
authors.forename: Ipek
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Süntar
authors.forename: Hatice
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Özenoğlu Kiremit
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Asakawa
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016227:Benzoquinones / Q000633:toxicity; D002351:Carrageenan / Q000633:toxicity; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004487:Edema / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D035926:Hepatophyta / Q000737:chemistry*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016227:Benzoquinones; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; C004532:quinone; D002351:Carrageenan