title: Sex-specific effects of exercise ancestry on metabolic, morphological and gene expression phenotypes in multiple generations of mouse offspring.
abstract: Early life and preconception environmental stimuli can affect adult health-related phenotypes. Exercise training is an environmental stimulus affecting many systems throughout the body and appears to alter offspring phenotypes. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of parental exercise training, or 'exercise ancestry', on morphological and metabolic phenotypes in two generations of mouse offspring. The F0 C57BL/6 mice were exposed to voluntary exercise (EX) or sedentary lifestyle (SED) and bred with like-exposed mates to produce an F1 generation. The F1 mice of both ancestries were sedentary and killed at 8 weeks or bred with littermates to produce an F2 generation, which was also sedentary and killed at 8 weeks. Small but broad generation- and sex-specific effects of exercise ancestry were observed for body mass, fat and muscle mass, serum insulin, glucose tolerance and muscle gene expression. The F1 EX females were lighter than F1 SED females and had lower absolute tibialis anterior and omental fat masses. Serum insulin was higher in F1 EX females compared with F1 SED females. The F2 EX females had impaired glucose tolerance compared with F2 SED females. Analysis of skeletal muscle mRNA levels revealed several generation- and sex-specific differences in mRNA levels for multiple genes, especially those related to metabolic genes (e.g. F1 EX males had lower mRNA levels of Hk2, Ppard, Ppargc1a, Adipoq and Scd1 than F1 SED males). These results provide preliminary evidence that parental exercise training can influence health-related phenotypes in mouse offspring.
authors.affiliation: S. M. Roth: Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA. sroth1@umd.edu.
authors.forename: Lisa M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Guth
authors.forename: Andrew T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Ludlow
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Witkowski
authors.forename: Mallory R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.forename: Laila C J
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.forename: Andrew C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Venezia
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Mei-Ling
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Ting Lee
authors.forename: Espen E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Spangenburg
authors.forename: Stephen M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Roth
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000235:genetics; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism; D010641:Phenotype; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D012333:RNA, Messenger