title: Optimization of long-term outcomes for patients with esthesioneuroblastoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Esthesioneuroblastoma is a rare cancer of the anterior cranial base that arises in the region of the olfactory rootlets. The purpose of this study was to review the long-term outcomes of patients diagnosed with esthesioneuroblastoma (ENB) treated at a single institution to determine factors associated with improved disease control and survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of 70 patients with ENB treated at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center between 1992 and 2007 was undertaken. Survival and recurrence was analyzed and compared using the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank statistics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy patients were reviewed. The majority (77%) had T3 or T4 disease at presentation, 38% identified as modified Kadish stage C or D. Ninety percent of patients received surgical resection as part of their treatment, and 66% received postoperative radiation or chemoradiation. The median follow-up was 91.4 months (7.6 years). Forty-eight percent of patients developed recurrent disease and the median time to recurrence was 6.9 years. Overall and disease-specific median survival was 10.5 and 11.6 years, respectively. Patients who were treated with surgery alone had a median disease-specific survival of 87.9 months, whereas those who were treated with surgery and postoperative radiation had a median disease-specific survival of 218.5 months (p = .047).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with ENB can achieve favorable long-term survival, even if disease is locally advanced. Survival is improved considerably when surgical resection is followed by postoperative radiation. However, recurrence rates and mortality remain high, and therefore long-term observation in these patients is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Ow
authors.forename: Ehab Y
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Hanna
authors.forename: Dianna B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: Nicholas B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.forename: Adel K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: El-Naggar
authors.forename: David I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Rosenthal
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: DeMonte
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Kupferman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D018304:Esthesioneuroblastoma, Olfactory / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009296:Nasal Cavity / Q000601:surgery*; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009669:Nose Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: esthesioneuroblastoma; olfactory; operative; radiotherapy; surgical procedures; survival