title: Continuous High Frequency Activity: a peculiar SEEG pattern related to specific brain regions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  While visually marking the high frequency oscillations in the stereo-EEG of epileptic patients, we observed a continuous/semicontinuous activity in the ripple band (80-250 Hz), which we defined continuous High Frequency Activity (HFA). We aim to analyze in all brain regions the occurrence and significance of this particular pattern.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty patients implanted in mesial temporal and neocortical areas were studied. One minute of slow-wave sleep was reviewed. The background was classified as continuous/semicontinuous, irregular, or sporadic based on the duration of the fast oscillations. Each channel was classified as inside/outside the seizure onset zone (SOZ) or a lesion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The continuous/semicontinuous HFA occurred in 54 of the 790 channels analyzed, with a clearly higher prevalence in hippocampus and occipital lobe. No correlation was found with the SOZ or lesions. In the occipital lobe the continuous/semicontinuous HFA was present independently of whether eyes were open or closed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We describe what appears to be a new physiological High Frequency Activity, independent of epileptogenicity, present almost exclusively in the hippocampus and occipital cortex but independent of the alpha rhythm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The continuous HFA may be an intrinsic characteristic of specific brain regions, reflecting a particular type of physiological neuronal activity.
authors.affiliation: Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. f.melani@meyer.it
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Melani
authors.forename: Rina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zelmann
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mari
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gotman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods*; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009778:Occipital Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology; D012640:Seizures / Q000503:physiopathology; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology
keywords: HFOs; High Frequency Activity; Intracerebral electrodes; Neocortical regions; SEEG