title: Heart rate recovery in exercise test in diabetic patients with and without microalbuminuria.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diabetes mellitus (DM) has a lot of complications such as macrovessel and microvessel disease. Another complication of DM is cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN), which have effect on automatic nervous system of heart. Failure in heart rate slowing after exercise is a presentation of this abnormality.
  
  
  METHODS
  We selected diabetic patients and divided them to case and control group based on microalbuminuria. Case group comprised of diabetic patients with microalbuminuria and control group included those without microalbuminuria. Patients in both groups exercised on treadmill using Bruce protocol and heart rate was measured in first and second minutes in the recovery period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We selected 35 patients with microalbuminuria (case group) and 35 without microalbuminuria (control group) among diabetic patients. No statistically significant difference was seen in sex and age between case and control groups. Heart rate recovery in the first minute of recovery in the case and control groups did not show significant difference; but in the second minute of recovery, it was significantly higher in control group (97 ± 19.4 vs. 101.9 ± 12.4 beat per minute, P = 0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study we evaluated the heart rate recovery or deceleration in diabetic patients with albuminuria and without microalbuminuria in recovery phase after exercise test. We found out that heart rate recovery at the second minute in the case and control groups has statistically significant difference but at the first minute, it did not.
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pourmoghaddas
authors.forename: Adrineh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moghaddasian
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Garakyaraghi
authors.forename: Negin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nezarat
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mehrabi
keywords: Diabetes Mellitus; Exercise Test; Heart Rate Recovery