title: Plasma cell-free DNA and its DNA integrity as biomarker to distinguish prostate cancer from benign prostatic hyperplasia in patients with increased serum prostate-specific antigen.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) or its integrity could differentiate prostate cancer from benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) in patients with serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) ≥ 4 ng/ml.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-six patients with prostate cancer and 112 patients with BPH were enrolled. cfDNA levels in plasma before prostate biopsy were quantified by real-time PCR amplification of ALU gene (product size of 115 bp), and quantitative ratio of ALU (247 bp) to ALU (115 bp) reflected the integrity of cfDNA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In patients with serum PSA ≥ 4 ng/ml, there were significant differences in plasma cfDNA or its integrity between the patients with prostate cancer (19.74 ± 4.43, 0.34 ± 0.05) and patients with BPH (7.36 ± 1.58, 0.19 ± 0.03; P < 0.001, P < 0.001). Prostate cancer could be differentiated with a sensitivity of 73.2 % and a specificity of 72.7 % by cfDNA (AUC = 0.864). The integrity of cfDNA had a sensitivity of 81.7 % and a specificity of 78.8 % for the distinguishing prostate cancer from BPH (AUC = 0.910).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  cfDNA and its integrity could be applied to differentiate prostate cancer from BPH in patients with serum PSA ≥ 4 ng/ml.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrasound, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China.
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gang
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Tang
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Huang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Houbao
authors.forename: Cao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guorong
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D019540:Area Under Curve; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000097:blood*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010950:Plasma Cells; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D012372:ROC Curve; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen