title: Clinical outcome of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty combined with latissimus dorsi transfer for the treatment of chronic combined pseudoparesis of elevation and external rotation of the shoulder.
abstract: Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) allows correction of pseudoparesis of elevation caused by irreparable rotator cuff tear but does not address loss of active external rotation. Latissimus dorsi transfer (LDT) is an established procedure for correction of pseudoparesis of external rotation.
  
  
  
  Forty-one shoulders of 40 consecutive patients, who were a mean age of 70 years old (range 47-85 years), underwent RTSA combined with LDT for irreparable rotator cuff failure with severe shoulder dysfunction.
  
  
  
  Nine orthopedic complications occurred in 7 of the 41 shoulders. Four shoulders were lost to follow-up, and 5 were excluded from the functional analysis. The mean follow-up of the eligible 32 shoulders with the prosthesis still in place was 53 months (range, 24-105 months). The age-related Constant score increased significantly from a preoperative mean of 45% (range, 16%-80%) to 89% (range, 25%-100%). The mean subjective shoulder value increased from 33% (range, 0%-70%) to 75% (range, 30%-100%). Active external rotation significantly improved from a mean of 4° (range, -30° to 40°) to 27° (range, -10° to 70°). A preoperative external rotation lag sign could be corrected in 25 of the 32 shoulders. For the 16 shoulders with at least 5 years of follow-up, the Constant scores were 47% (range, 16%-80%) preoperatively, 92% (range, 51%-100%) at 2 years, and 94% (range, 57%-100%) at the latest follow-up, and the respective subjective shoulder values were 32% (range, 0%-70%), 73% (range, 30%-100%), and 80% (range, 60%-100%).
  
  
  
  If treated with RTSA combined with LDT, patients with pseudoparesis of elevation and pseudoparesis of external rotation can expect an excellent clinical outcome for a period beyond 5 years, provided that complications that require removal of the prosthesis can be prevented.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, University of Zürich, Balgrist University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Gabor J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Puskas
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, University of Zürich, Balgrist University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Catanzaro
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, University of Zürich, Balgrist University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland. Electronic address: christian.gerber@balgrist.ch.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gerber
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019643:Arthroplasty, Replacement / Q000379:methods; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007592:Joint Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D017006:Rotator Cuff / Q000601:surgery*; D000070636:Rotator Cuff Injuries; D000070599:Shoulder Injuries; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000601:surgery*; D064171:Superficial Back Muscles / Q000601:surgery; D013708:Tendon Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D013709:Tendon Transfer; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Case Series; Level IV; Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty; Treatment Study; external rotation lag; irreparable rotator cuff tear; latissimus dorsi transfer; pseudoparesis of elevation; pseudoparesis of external rotation