title: Elevated expression of syntenin in breast cancer is correlated with lymph node metastasis and poor patient survival.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Syntenin is a scaffolding-PDZ domain-containing protein. Although it is reported that syntenin is associated with melanoma growth and metastasis, the possible role of syntenin in breast cancer has not been well elucidated. The present study investigated the expression and function of syntenin in breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blots were used to determine the mRNA and protein expression of syntenin. With a combination of overexpression and RNA interference, the effect of syntenin on migration, invasion, and ERK1/2 activation was examined in breast cancer cell lines. The effect of syntenin in vivo was assessed with an orthotropic xenograft tumor model in BALB/c nu/nu mice. In addition, the expression level of syntenin in clinical breast cancer tissues was evaluated with immunohistochemistry. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to evaluate patient survival, and the Cox proportional hazards model was used for multivariate analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our study showed that syntenin expression was upregulated in high-metastasis breast cancer cell lines and breast cancer tissues. Overexpression of syntenin in breast cancer cells promoted cell migration and invasion in vitro. Moreover, overexpression of syntenin promoted breast tumor growth and lung metastasis in vivo. We further showed that activation of integrin β1 and ERK1/2 was required for syntenin-mediated migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. The correlation between syntenin expression and tumor size (P = 0.011), lymph node status (P = 0.001), and recurrence (P = 0.002) was statistically significant. More important, syntenin expression in primary tumors was significantly related to patients' overall survival (OS; P = 0.023) and disease-free survival (DFS; P = 0.001). Its status was an independent prognostic factor of OS (P = 0.049) and DFS (P = 0.002) in our cohort of patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that syntenin plays a significant role in breast cancer progression, and it warrants further investigation as a candidate molecular marker of breast cancer metastasis and a potential therapeutic target.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Pengcheng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Zhebin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jianmin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Zhiming
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Shao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000235:genetics; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D051379:Mice; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D011379:Prognosis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016019:Survival Analysis; D053676:Syntenins / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D053676:Syntenins