title: Characterization of enterovirus 71 and coxsackievirus A16 isolated in hand, foot, and mouth disease patients in Guangdong, 2010.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is an acute viral disease caused by human enteroviruses, especially human enterovirus 71 (HEV71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16), and mainly affects infants and young children. After the outbreak in 2008 in Fuyang, China, HFMD was classified as a category C notifiable infectious disease by the Ministry of Health of China.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, we report the epidemiologic and clinical manifestations of HFMD in Guangdong Province, China in 2010, and characterize HEV71 and CVA16 isolated from clinical specimens.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 542 HFMD patients, 495 (91.3%) were positive for enterovirus as detected by real-time reverse transcriptase PCR; 243 were positive for HEV71 (49.1%, 243/495) and 114 were positive for CVA16 (23.0%, 114/495). Most of the affected children were aged 5 years or under (93.7%, 508/542). Phylogenetic analyses of VP1 gene sequences showed that the HEV71 isolates belonged to C4a subgenotype, and CVA16 isolates belonged to B1 genotype.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results demonstrate that HEV71 and CVA16 are the primary causative agents responsible for HFMD in Guangdong Province, and their co-circulation poses a potential risk to public health.
authors.affiliation: Center for Clinical Laboratory, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China.
authors.forename: Si-Jie
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Jian-Feng
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Xi-Xia
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Ya-Di
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Cheng-Feng
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Qin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D036022:Capsid Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004770:Enterovirus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics; D029821:Enterovirus A, Human / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D006232:Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D012621:Seasons; D016415:Sequence Alignment
chemical_list: D036022:Capsid Proteins
keywords: Coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16); Enterovirus 71 (EV71); Etiology; HFMD