title: Uterine artery blood flow characteristics assessed during oestrus and the early luteal phase of pregnant and non-pregnant bitches.
abstract: The aim of this study was to measure uterine artery blood velocity daily using Doppler ultrasonography in 10 young and 10 older clinically normal bitches throughout oestrus. Typical arterial waveforms identified in young bitches were characterised by a systolic peak and subsequent flow throughout diastole, whereas in older bitches, flow was sometimes absent in diastole. For 3 days immediately prior to ovulation, at the time of declining plasma oestrogen and increasing progesterone concentrations, resistance index (RI) increased, principally associated with decreased diastolic velocity; in some bitches there was absent late diastolic flow during this time. In older bitches, the waveform appearance was more variable, with absent late and early diastolic flow observed in some cases. Mean RI was higher throughout oestrus for older bitches compared with young bitches, although both groups had a similar 3-day duration increase before ovulation. Nine of the young bitches and five of the older bitches became pregnant; litter size was smaller for the older bitches. Non-pregnant bitches: (1) were significantly older; (2) had fewer waveforms with continuous diastolic flow 2 days before ovulation; (3) had lower end diastolic velocity, higher RI and fewer waveforms with continuous diastolic flow 2 days after ovulation, and (4) had lower plasma progesterone concentrations 5 days after ovulation. These are the first detailed observations of uterine artery blood velocity and waveform appearance throughout oestrus in bitches, and this is the first description of a link between impaired diastolic flow and reduced fertility. Assessment of uterine artery velocity could be useful to promote understanding of physiological mechanisms and could also become an important tool to assess potential infertility.
authors.affiliation: Division of Veterinary Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK.
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Freeman
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Russo
authors.forename: G C W
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: England
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000662:veterinary*; D004285:Dogs; D004971:Estrus / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D008183:Luteal Phase / Q000502:physiology*; D010060:Ovulation / Q000502:physiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011270:Pregnancy, Animal / Q000502:physiology; D055988:Uterine Artery / Q000502:physiology*; D014599:Uterus / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000502:physiology; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000502:physiology
keywords: Bitch; Blood flow; Fertility; Perfusion characteristics; Uterine artery