title: [Rectal cancer and Trousseau syndrome. Case report].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Trousseau syndrome, first described in 1865, is the relationship of venous thromboembolisms and cancer. We present a case with rectal cancer and Trousseau syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Female 40 years old, went to the Coloproctology Service for painless bleeding. A computed tomography report showed a tumor of 5 by 6 cm up 5 cm from the anal margin. Ultra-low anterior resection with colonic reservoir and loop ileostomy surgery was performed. The pathology report showed a semidiferenciate adenocarcinoma of the rectum and we established the stage as T3N0M0. Within 72 hours of her operation, she experienced sudden hypotension and painful abdominal distention. A second surgery was done finding necrosis of the colon from the splenic angle until the colonic reservoir with thrombi in the left colic artery, ischemic signs of bilateral fallopian tubes, ovaries, uterus, pelvic floor and the small intestine, 40 cm before ileostomy and ileon. Left hemicolectomy and colostomy was done. She was taken to intensive care where continuous administration of heparin was given; she died within 5 days because of multiorgan failure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The mechanism for this syndrome was unknown but there are several hypotheses, suggesting that hematological cancer patients are at an increased risk of deep vein thrombosis. Pancreatic cancer is the most common presentation with this syndrome (in 50% of cases). We suggested continuing with the standards of prevention of thromboembolism.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Coloproctología, Hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo, Guayaquil, Ecuador. gesierra21@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Ernesto
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sierra-Montenegro
authors.forename: Gastón
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sierra-Luzuriaga
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Calle-Loffredo
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rodríguez Quinde
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003082:Colectomy; D003106:Colon / Q000098:blood supply; D039021:Colonic Pouches; D003125:Colostomy; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism; D057056:Cysteine Proteases / Q000378:metabolism; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology; D005836:Genitalia, Female / Q000098:blood supply; D006493:Heparin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D009102:Multiple Organ Failure; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D017773:Pelvic Floor / Q000098:blood supply; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery; D012086:Reoperation; D013577:Syndrome; D019851:Thrombophilia / Q000209:etiology*; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D006493:Heparin; D057056:Cysteine Proteases; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases; C030910:cancer procoagulant
keywords: Thromboembolism; Trousseau syndrome; síndrome de Trousseau; tromboembolismo