title: Abarema cochliacarpos reduces LPS-induced inflammatory response in murine peritoneal macrophages regulating ROS-MAPK signal pathway.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Abarema cochliacarpos (Gomes) Barneby and Grimes (Fabaceae), known by the vulgar name of Babatenã, has been traditionally used in Northeast Brazil, as an anti-inflammatory remedy. Previous studies have demonstrated its anti-inflammatory and antiulcer effects in skin lesion, alcohol gastric ulcer and acute and chronic colitis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of the butanolic fraction from A. cochliacarpos (BFAC) and its major flavonoid, (+)-catechin, in LPS-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages. Moreover, we studied the role of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)s and NF-kB signaling pathways possibly involved in the beneficial effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  The quantification of the extract was carried out by ultra-performance liquid chromatography analysis. Cell viability was determined using SRB assay. Nitric oxide (NO) production was analyzed by Griess method and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) by fluorescence analysis. In addition, cyclooxygenase (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, MAPK activation and IkappaBalpha (IKBα) degradation, were determined by Western blot.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After BFAC characterization, (+)-catechin was revealed as its major constituent. Both BFAC and (+)-catechin, exerted significant anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects inhibiting LPS-induced intracellular ROS and NO production in peritoneal macrophages. Additionally, the extract but also its major component reduced pro-inflammatory proteins expression probably through c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 MAPK signaling pathways.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that the beneficial effects of BFAC might be mediated, at least in part, by the presence of (+)-catechin. Conclusively our findings confirm the potential of A. cochliacarpos as a new therapeutic strategy for the management of inflammatory and oxidative stress-related diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Spain.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Fidalgo
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cárdeno
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aparicio-Soto
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Salvador
authors.forename: A C H
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Frankland Sawaya
authors.forename: A R M
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Souza-Brito
authors.forename: C Alarcón
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: de la Lastra
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001938:Brazil; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D020834:Ethnopharmacology; D007887:Fabaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects*; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species
keywords: (+)-Catechin; Abarema cochliacarpos (Mimosaceae); Cyclooxygenase; Inducible nitric oxide synthase; MAPK; Peritoneal macrophages