title: Higher circulating bile acid concentrations in obese patients with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bile acids (BAs) play an important role in releasing incretin hormones via the enteroendocrine L-cell surface TGR5 receptors. The aim of this study was to investigate the difference in BA concentration at baseline and in response to a meal stimulus between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and a matched normoglycaemic group.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study of 12 patients with known T2DM and 12 matched normoglycaemic controls compared BA fractions after an overnight fast and following a standard meal.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The T2DM group had higher baseline glucose (P < 0.001), but baseline total BA, total glycine conjugated BAs (GCBA) and total taurine conjugated BA (TCBA) were similar between both groups. The T2DM group compared to the normoglycaemic group had a higher post-prandial peak change in total BAs 4.28 (3.51-5.38) µmol/L vs. 0.88 (0.60-1.57) µmol/L (P < 0.001) and peak total GCBA 2.77 (1.07-4.19) µmol/L vs. 0.94 (0.34-1.15) µmol/L (P < 0.0001), but similar peak total TCBA 0.36 (0.02-0.76) µmol/L vs. 0.08 (0.04-0.22) µmol/L (P=0.91).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The post-prandial bile acid response is elevated in obese patients with T2DM compared to matched normoglycaemic individuals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK. royce.vincent@nhs.net
authors.forename: Royce P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Vincent
authors.forename: Sohail
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Omar
authors.forename: Samer
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghozlan
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Gemma
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cross
authors.forename: Roy A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Sherwood
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fandriks
authors.forename: Torsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Olbers
authors.forename: Malin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Werling
authors.forename: Jamshid
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alaghband-Zadeh
authors.forename: Carel W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: le Roux
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D019518:Postprandial Period / Q000502:physiology*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001647:Bile Acids and Salts; D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose
keywords: Bile acids; TGR5 receptor; glucagon like peptide-1; type 2 diabetes mellitus