title: What are the molecules involved in regulatory T-cells induction by dendritic cells in cancer?
abstract: Dendritic cells (DCs) are essential for the maintenance of homeostasis in the organism, and they do that by modulating lymphocyte priming, expansion, and response patterns according to signals they receive from the environment. The induction of suppressive lymphocytes by DCs is essential to hinder the development of autoimmune diseases but can be reverted against homeostasis when in the context of neoplasia. In this setting, the induction of suppressive or regulatory T cells contributes to the establishment of a state of tolerance towards the tumor, allowing it to grow unchecked by an otherwise functional immune system. Besides affecting its local environment, tumor also has been described as potent sources of anti-inflammatory/suppressive factors, which may act systemically, generating defects in the differentiation and maturation of immune cells, far beyond the immediate vicinity of the tumor mass. Cytokines, as IL-10 and TGF-beta, as well as cell surface molecules like PD-L1 and ICOS seem to be significantly involved in the redirection of DCs towards tolerance induction, and recent data suggest that tumor cells may, indeed, modulate distinct DCs subpopulations through the involvement of these molecules. It is to be expected that the identification of such molecules should provide molecular targets for more effective immunotherapeutic approaches to cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 1730 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rodrigo Nalio
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Ramos
authors.forename: Cristiano Jacob
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: de Moraes
authors.forename: Bruna
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zelante
authors.forename: José Alexandre M
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Barbuto
mesh_terms: D060890:B7-H1 Antigen / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D002450:Cell Communication; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D060889:Inducible T-Cell Co-Stimulator Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D060890:B7-H1 Antigen; C423236:CD274 protein, human; C556692:ICOS protein, human; D060889:Inducible T-Cell Co-Stimulator Protein; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D016753:Interleukin-10