title: Expression of genes controlling fat deposition in two genetically diverse beef cattle breeds fed high or low silage diets.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Both genetic background and finishing system can alter fat deposition, thus indicating their influence on adipogenic and lipogenic factors. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying fat deposition and fatty acid composition in beef cattle are not fully understood. This study aimed to assess the effect of breed and dietary silage level on the expression patterns of key genes controlling lipid metabolism in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and longissimus lumborum (LL) muscle of cattle. To that purpose, forty bulls from two genetically diverse Portuguese bovine breeds with distinct maturity rates, Alentejana and Barrosã, were selected and fed either low (30% maize silage/70% concentrate) or high silage (70% maize silage/30% concentrate) diets.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results suggested that enhanced deposition of fatty acids in the SAT from Barrosã bulls, when compared to Alentejana, could be due to higher expression levels of lipogenesis (SCD and LPL) and β-oxidation (CRAT) related genes. Our results also indicated that SREBF1 expression in the SAT is increased by feeding the low silage diet. Together, these results point out to a higher lipid turnover in the SAT of Barrosã bulls when compared to Alentejana. In turn, lipid deposition in the LL muscle is related to the expression of adipogenic (PPARG and FABP4) and lipogenic (ACACA and SCD) genes. The positive correlation between ACACA expression levels and total lipids, as well trans fatty acids, points to ACACA as a major player in intramuscular deposition in ruminants. Moreover, results reinforce the role of FABP4 in intramuscular fat development and the SAT as the major site for lipid metabolism in ruminants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, the results showed that SAT and LL muscle fatty acid composition are mostly dependent on the genetic background. In addition, dietary silage level impacted on muscle lipid metabolism to a greater extent than on that of SAT, as evaluated by gene expression levels of adipogenic and lipogenic factors. Moreover, the response to diet composition evaluated through mRNA levels and fatty acid composition showed interesting differences between Alentejana and Barrosã bulls. These findings provide evidence that the genetic background should be taken into account while devising diet-based strategies to manipulate fatty acid composition of beef cattle tissues.
authors.affiliation: Secção de Bioquímica, CIISA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Av, da Universidade Técnica, Pólo Universitário do Alto da Ajuda, Lisboa 1300-477, Portugal.
authors.forename: Ana Sofia Henriques
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: da Costa
authors.forename: Virgínia Maria Rico
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Pires
authors.forename: Carlos Mendes Godinho Andrade
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Fontes
authors.forename: José António
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Mestre Prates
mesh_terms: D050156:Adipogenesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D001947:Breeding; D002417:Cattle / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D012820:Silage; D050151:Subcutaneous Fat / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D003313:Zea mays
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids