title: Influence of different histidine sources and zinc supplementation of broiler diets on dipeptide content and antioxidant status of blood and meat.
abstract: 1. The objective of this study was to investigate how a diet containing spray-dried blood cells (SDBC) (4%) with or without zinc (Zn) would affect the concentration of two histidine heterodipeptides and the antioxidant status of broiler blood and breast muscles. 2. The study was carried out on 920 male Flex chickens randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments: I - control, II - diet I with SDBC, III - diet I with SDBC and supplemented with Zn and IV - diet I supplemented with L-histidine. Birds were raised on floor littered with wood shavings, given free access to water and fed ad libitum. Performance indices were measured on d 1, 21 and 42. 3. The activity of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase was analysed in plasma, erythrocytes and muscle tissue. The total antioxidant capacity of plasma and breast muscles was measured by 2,2-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging ability, as well as by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Carnosine/anserine content of meat and plasma were determined using HPLC. Diets and breast muscles were analysed for amino acid profile and selected microelement content. 4. Histidine supplementation of the diet increased glutathione peroxidase activity in plasma and superoxide dismutase activity in erythrocytes. Moreover, the addition of SDBC or pure histidine in the diet increased histidine dipeptide content and activated enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems in chicken blood and muscles. However, it led to lower growth performance indices. 5. The enrichment of broiler diets with Zn increased the antioxidant potential and the activity of superoxide dismutase in plasma, which was independent of the histidine dipeptide concentration. Zn supplementation combined with SDBC in a broiler diet led to the increase of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity, but it did not affect the radical-scavenging or ferric iron reduction abilities of muscles.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Products Technology and Quality Management, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland. wieslaw.kopec@up.wroc.pl
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kopeć
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jamroz
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wiliczkiewicz
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Biazik
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pudlo
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hikawczuk
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Skiba
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Korzeniowska
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D002645:Chickens / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000032:analysis; D004151:Dipeptides / Q000378:metabolism*; D006639:Histidine / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009132:Muscles / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D015032:Zinc / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004151:Dipeptides; D006639:Histidine; D015032:Zinc