title: Spatio-temporal distributions and the ecological and health risks of phthalate esters (PAEs) in the surface water of a large, shallow Chinese lake.
abstract: The spatio-temporal distributions and the ecological and health risks of PAEs in surface water of Lake Chaohu, the fifth largest lake in China, were studied based on the monthly monitoring of six PAE congeners from May 2010 to April 2011. The annual total concentration of the six PAE congeners (Σ6PAE) in the surface water ranged from 0.467 to 17.953 μg L(-1), with the average value of 4.042±3.929 μg L(-1). The di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP) that dominated the Σ6PAE at 65.8% was found at its highest and lowest levels in the western lake (TX) and eastern drinking water source area (JC), respectively. The temporal distributions of Σ6PAE showed that the highest and lowest levels were observed in September 2010 and June 2010, respectively. The different relationships between the runoff and the PAEs with low and high levels of carbon might suggest their different sources. The DnBP had much greater ecological risks than the other studied PAE congeners as indicated by its potential affected fractions (PAFs) and the margin of safety (MOS10). The PAE congeners studied posed little health risk to the nearby male and female citizens.
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Education Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban & Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Xiangzhen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.forename: Wenxiu
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Qishuang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Huiling
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ouyang
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Yujiao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Qingmei
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Fuliu
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D001499:Bayes Theorem; D002681:China; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004952:Esters / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D060106:Lakes / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D010795:Phthalic Acids / Q000032:analysis*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D014881:Water Supply / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D004952:Esters; D010795:Phthalic Acids; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C032279:phthalic acid
keywords: Lake Chaohu; Phthalate esters; Risk assessment; Spatio-temporal distributions; Species sensitivity distribution