title: Vitamin D and periodontal health in older men.
abstract: Vitamin D, an anti-inflammatory mediator, has potential benefits for physical and oral health. Although it is produced endogenously, some individuals have a greater need for dietary and supplemental sources. This repeated-measures cross-sectional study assessed associations between total vitamin D intake and periodontal health in older men. Participants were 562 members of the Department of Veterans Affairs Dental Longitudinal Study, mean age 62.9 years, who were examined 1 to 4 times between 1986 and 1998. A calibrated examiner measured probing pocket depth (PPD) and attachment loss (AL) on each tooth. Alveolar bone loss (ABL) was determined from radiographs. Severe periodontal disease was defined as PPD ≥ 5 mm on ≥ 1 tooth and AL ≥ 6 mm at ≥ 2 sites (not on same tooth), and moderate-to-severe alveolar bone loss as ABL ≥ 40% at ≥ 3 sites. Generalized estimating equations were used to compute the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of having periodontal disease by level of vitamin D intake. Total vitamin D intake ≥ 800 IU was associated with lower odds of severe periodontal disease (OR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.55-0.81) and moderate-to-severe ABL (OR = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.30-0.96) relative to intake < 400 IU/day. Vitamin D intake may protect against periodontal disease progression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Sciences, King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Dentistry, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: E N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Alshouibi
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Kaye
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Cabral
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Leone
authors.forename: R I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Garcia
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000145:classification; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003742:Dental Devices, Home Care; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000145:classification; D004032:Diet; D004522:Educational Status; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000145:classification; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000145:classification; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000145:classification; D016300:Radiography, Bitewing; D012907:Smoking; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014815:Vitamins / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D014815:Vitamins; D014807:Vitamin D
keywords: aging; alveolar bone; clinical attachment loss; periodontal disease; probing depth; vitamin D intake