title: Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and protective effects in cardiovascular disease: a new therapeutic approach for myocardial protection.
abstract: Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a member of the proglucagon incretin family implicated in the control of appetite and satiety. GLP-1 has insulinotropic, insulinomimetic, and glucagonostatic effects, thereby exerting multiple complementary actions to lower blood glucose in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A major advantage over conventional insulin is the fact that the insulinotropic actions of GLP-1 are dependent upon ambient glucose concentration, mitigating the risks of hypoglycemia. Recently, the crucial role of GLP-1 in cardiovascular disease has been suggested in both preclinical and clinical studies. The experimental data indicate GLP-1 and its analogs to have direct effects on the cardiovascular system, in addition to their classic glucoregulatory actions. Clinically, beneficial effects of GLP-1 have also been demonstrated in patients with myocardial ischemia and heart failure. GLP-1 has recently been demonstrated to be a more effective alternative in treating myocardial injury. This paper provides a review on the current evidence supporting the use of GLP-1 in experimental animal models and human trials with the ischemic and non-ischemic heart and discusses their molecular mechanisms and potential as a new therapeutic approach.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research laboratory, Department of Surgery, Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University Medical School, 50 Maude Street, Providence, RI 02908, USA. tzhao@bu.edu
authors.forename: Ting C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000187:drug effects; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000067757:Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D018027:Receptors, Glucagon / Q000819:agonists*
chemical_list: D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; C000593833:GLP1R protein, human; D000067757:Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; D018027:Receptors, Glucagon; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1