title: Plasma levels in sepsis patients of annexin A1, lipoxin A4, macrophage inflammatory protein-3a, and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The relationship between the various cytokine responses that occur during sepsis remains controversial. Emerging evidence indicates that the proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses are regulated simultaneously from the beginning of sepsis. However, the roles of the novel anti-inflammatory mediators annexin (Anx)A1 and lipoxin (LX)A4 and the proinflammatory cytokines neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-3a have been studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, the plasma levels of AnxA1, LXA4, NGAL, MIP-3a, interleukin (IL)-8 and IL-6 in patients with sepsis were determined on admission to the intensive care unit. The patients were classified into survivors and non-survivors based on their outcome on day 28.
  
  
  RESULTS
  AnxA1 and LXA4 levels were decreased in sepsis patients compared with control patients, whereas the levels of the proinflammatory cytokines MIP-3a, NGAL, IL-8, and IL-6 were elevated. Furthermore, a significantly higher level of MIP-3a was detected in nonsurviving patients compared with surviving patients (p < 0.05), whereas there were no significant differences between these two groups for the levels of the other mediators. Correlation analysis demonstrated that only NGAL level was closely correlated with the level of IL-6. Univariate analysis indicated that the levels of MIP-3a and IL-8 were independent factors associated with patient survival, but this was not confirmed by the multivariate analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AnxA1 and LXA4 plasma levels were found to be decreased in sepsis patients, whereas the levels of MIP-3a and NGAL were found to be elevated. This warrants further study in order to determine the clinical implications of these changes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Therapy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Wen-Hui
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Chung-Hung
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Shih
authors.forename: Yuan-Bin
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Hui-Chi
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Hsu
mesh_terms: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017305:Annexin A1 / Q000097:blood; D054418:Chemokine CCL20 / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000071068:Lipocalin-2; D054834:Lipocalins / Q000097:blood*; D044045:Lipoxins / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D018805:Sepsis / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality
chemical_list: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D017305:Annexin A1; C108355:CCL20 protein, human; D054418:Chemokine CCL20; C489506:LCN2 protein, human; D000071068:Lipocalin-2; D054834:Lipocalins; D044045:Lipoxins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; C040527:lipoxin A4
keywords: annexin A1; lipoxin A4; macrophage inflammatory protein-3a; neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin; sepsis