title: Fast coliform detection in portable microbe enrichment unit (PMEU) with Colilert(®) medium and bubbling.
abstract: Laboratory strains of coliforms Escherichia coli and Klebsiella mobilis were used to artificially contaminate water samples in two different cultivation and detection systems, without and with bubble flow. Samples were collected with an automated system (ASCS). The positive coliform signal caused the color change into yellow (at 550-570nm). This signal could also be transmitted on-line to cell phones. E. coli containing samples emitted UV fluorescence at 480-560nm when activated by UV light. If cultivation was started with inocula varying from 10,000 to 1cfu/ml, the positive detection was obtained between 2 and 18h, respectively, in Colilert medium using Coline PMEU device without gas bubbling. Accordingly, a single K. mobilis cell produced detectable growth in 18h. Various clinical E. coli strains were compared to each other with equal inoculum sizes, and they showed slight variations in the initiation and speed of growth. The gas bubble flow in PMEU Spectrion promoted the mixing and interaction of bacteria and indicator media and speeded the onset of growth. Carbon dioxide also accelerated bacterial growth. In the presence of vancomycin, the onset of E. coli culture growth was speeded up by the volatile outlet flow from previous cultures. In the last cultivation syringe in a series of five, the lag phase disappeared and the growth of the inoculum continued without major interruption.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  the stimulation of the cultures by the gas flow turned out to be a useful means for improving the detection of indicator bacteria. It could also be used in combination with antibiotic selection in the broth medium.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland. Electronic address: elias.hakalehto@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Elias
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hakalehto
authors.forename: Anneli
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Heitto
authors.forename: Lauri
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Heitto
keywords: Antibiotic selection; Carbon dioxide; Coliforms; Colilert; Coliline; Escherichia coli; Hygiene monitoring; Indicator bacteria; PMEU; Rapid microbial detection