title: Inhaled corticosteroid use and risks of lung cancer and laryngeal cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic inflammation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several cancers, including lung and laryngeal cancer. The objective of the study is to elucidate the association between ICS use and diagnosis of lung and laryngeal cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  A nested case-control study based on the Korean national claims database included new adult users of inhaled medications between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2010. Patients diagnosed with lung cancer or laryngeal cancer after enrollment were identified as cases and up to five control individuals matched for age, sex, diagnosis of asthma or COPD, Charlson Comorbidity Index scores, number of health care visits, and initiation date were selected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From the 792,687 eligible cohort, 9177 individuals diagnosed with lung cancer were matched with 37,048 controls. Additionally, 408 laryngeal cancer patients and 1651 controls were matched. ICS use was associated with a decreased rate of lung cancer diagnosis [adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 0.79; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.69-0.90]. The inverse association between ICS use and lung cancer risk was dose dependent (P < 0.0001 for the trend). However, no reduction in the risk of laryngeal cancer among ICS users was identified (aOR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.62-1.18).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of ICS is associated with a reduced risk of lung cancer but not of laryngeal cancer.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Lung Institute, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Chang-Hoon
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Min Kyung
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Hyun
authors.forename: Eun Jin
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Na Rae
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Kyungjoo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jae-Joon
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Yim
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000188:drug therapy; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents
keywords: Asthma; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Inhaled corticosteroid; Laryngeal cancer; Lung cancer