title: Open-label, randomized study of the effect of rivaroxaban with or without acetylsalicylic acid on thrombus formation in a perfusion chamber.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Rivaroxaban, a direct factor Xa inhibitor, has demonstrated effectiveness for the management of both venous and arterial thrombosis. This study was designed to investigate the antithrombotic effect of rivaroxaban, with or without acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), in an ex vivo perfusion chamber at both low and high shear rates.
  
  
  METHODS
  Healthy subjects (N=51) were enrolled in a randomized, crossover (rivaroxaban 5, 10 or 20mg with or without ASA), and parallel-group (compared with ASA plus clopidogrel) study. Thrombi formed on pig aorta strips were measured after a 5-minute perfusion at low and high shear rates with blood from the subjects by measuring D-dimer concentration (for fibrin deposition) and P-selectin content (for platelet deposition).
  
  
  RESULTS
  ASA alone had no impact on thrombus D-dimer levels, whereas rivaroxaban alone at peak concentrations decreased D-dimer levels by 9%, 84% and 65% at low shear rate and 37%, 73% and 74% at high shear rate after doses of 5, 10 and 20mg, respectively. Steady-state ASA plus rivaroxaban 5mg caused a greater reduction in D-dimer levels (63%) than monotherapy at low shear rate. Co-administration of ASA with clopidogrel was associated with a 30% decrease in D-dimer levels at low shear rate and a 14% decrease at high shear rate. No conclusive effect on P-selectin content was observed across the treatment groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rivaroxaban dose-dependently inhibited ex vivo thrombus formation under low and high shear rates. Co-administration of ASA had an additional effect on the antithrombotic action of low-dose rivaroxaban.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. Electronic address: michael.wolzt@meduniwien.ac.at.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wolzt
authors.forename: Ghazaleh
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gouya
authors.forename: Stylianos
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kapiotis
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Becka
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mueck
authors.forename: Dagmar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kubitza
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001241:Aspirin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009025:Morpholines / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects; D000069552:Rivaroxaban; D013552:Swine; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy; D054556:Venous Thromboembolism / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D009025:Morpholines; D013876:Thiophenes; D000069552:Rivaroxaban; D001241:Aspirin
keywords: ACS; ANCOVA; ASA; Acetylsalicylic acid; Arterial thrombosis; C(max); C(trough); CI; CV; ETP; LD; LS; PT; Rivaroxaban; SD; VKA; Venous thrombosis; aPTT; acetylsalicylic acid; activated partial thromboplastin time; acute coronary syndrome; analysis of covariance; coefficient of variation; confidence interval; endogenous thrombin potential; least squares; loading dose; maximum plasma concentration; minimum plasma concentration; od; once daily; prothrombin time; standard deviation; vitamin K antagonist