title: The peculiarities of different types of chronic rhinitis in children and adolescents in Kazakhstan.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim was to study the peculiarities of differential diagnosis, prevention and treatment of different forms of rhinitis in Kazakhstan children and adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  124 children and adolescents aged 1-17 years were randomly enrolled in our hospital based study in 2010 and 2011. Skin prick tests and total serum IgE level were assessed in all allergic patients. Subcutaneous specific immunotherapy was performed in 57 (70.3%) allergic patients. For the treatment of the developed rhinitis, we used intranasal glucocorticosteroids in all 47 (37.9%) patients with rhinitis medicamentosa.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Allergic rhinitis was diagnosed in 81 (65.3%), infectious rhinitis in 43 (34.7%) and rhinitis medicamentosa in 47 (37.9%) cases. High mono sensitization was mainly to Artemisia Absinthium 55 (67.9%) and Sunflower 20 (24.7%) species, whereas multiple sensitization was caused by the mix of weeds in 55 (67.9%) and the mix of meadow grass in 31 (38.3%). The mean IgE level was 323.2±264.9SD. Only 5 (17.2%) patients with specific immunotherapy developed rhinitis medicamentosa. 35 (74.5%) patients treated by nasal glucocorticosteroids stopped taking the decongestants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of rhinitis medicamentosa depends on duration of decongestants use. Specific immunotherapy is recommended for the prevention of rhinitis medicamentosa in patients suffering from allergic rhinitis, whereas intranasal glucocorticosteroids are the most appropriate for the treatment regardless initial cause of rhinitis development.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Children Diseases N1, Astana Medical University, Astana, Kazakhstan.
authors.forename: Saule
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhumambayeva
authors.forename: Rafail
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rozenson
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morenko
authors.forename: Mazhit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shaidarov
authors.forename: Vera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Zatonskikh
authors.forename: Asem
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kazangapova
authors.forename: Zaure
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhumadilova
authors.forename: Roza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhumambayeva
keywords: Children; Kazakhstan; Prevention; Rhinitis differentiation; Treatment