title: Fate of stable strontium in the sewage treatment process as an analog for radiostrontium released by nuclear accidents.
abstract: Radionuclides were widely released into the environment due to the nuclear accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. Some of these radionuclides have flowed into municipal sewage treatment plants through sewer systems. We have observed the fate of stable Sr in the sewage treatment process as a means to predict the fate of radiostrontium. Concentrations of stable Sr were determined in sewage influent, effluent, dewatered sludge, and incinerated sewage sludge ash collected from a sewage treatment plant once a month from July to December 2011. In the mass balance of Sr in the sewage treatment plant, 76% of the Sr entering the plant was discharged to the receiving water on average. Additionally, 14% of the Sr flowing through the plant was transferred to the sewage sludge and then concentrated in the sludge ash without being released to the atmosphere. We also investigated Sr sorption by activated sludge in a batch experiment. Measurements at 3 and 6h after the contact showed Sr was sorbed in the activated sludge; however, the measurements indicated Sr desorption from activated sludge occurred 48 h after the contact.
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Iwate University, Ueda 4-3-5, Morioka, Iwate 020-8551, Japan. naoki@iwate-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Nao
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kamei-Ishikawa
authors.forename: Ayumi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Teruyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Umita
mesh_terms: D055866:Earthquakes; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004867:Equipment Design; D062406:Fukushima Nuclear Accident; D017745:Incineration; D007564:Japan; D012722:Sewage; D013324:Strontium / Q000032:analysis*; D013997:Time Factors; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014875:Water Pollutants, Radioactive / Q000032:analysis*; D014878:Water Pollution, Radioactive / Q000032:analysis; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D012722:Sewage; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014875:Water Pollutants, Radioactive; D013324:Strontium
keywords: Mass balance; Sewage treatment process; Sorption isotherm; Strontium