title: Integrated wireless fast-scan cyclic voltammetry recording and electrical stimulation for reward-predictive learning in awake, freely moving rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) is commonly used to monitor phasic dopamine release, which is usually performed using tethered recording and for limited types of animal behavior. It is necessary to design a wireless dopamine sensing system for animal behavior experiments.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study integrates a wireless FSCV system for monitoring the dopamine signal in the ventral striatum with an electrical stimulator that induces biphasic current to excite dopaminergic neurons in awake freely moving rats. The measured dopamine signals are unidirectionally transmitted from the wireless FSCV module to the host unit. To reduce electrical artifacts, an optocoupler and a separate power are applied to isolate the FSCV system and electrical stimulator, which can be activated by an infrared controller.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the validation test, the wireless backpack system has similar performance in comparison with a conventional wired system and it does not significantly affect the locomotor activity of the rat. In the cocaine administration test, the maximum electrically elicited dopamine signals increased to around 230% of the initial value 20 min after the injection of 10 mg kg(-1) cocaine. In a classical conditioning test, the dopamine signal in response to a cue increased to around 60 nM over 50 successive trials while the electrically evoked dopamine concentration decreased from about 90 to 50 nM in the maintenance phase. In contrast, the cue-evoked dopamine concentration progressively decreased and the electrically evoked dopamine was eliminated during the extinction phase. In the histological evaluation, there was little damage to brain tissue after five months chronic implantation of the stimulating electrode.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have developed an integrated wireless voltammetry system for measuring dopamine concentration and providing electrical stimulation. The developed wireless FSCV system is proven to be a useful experimental tool for the continuous monitoring of dopamine levels during animal learning behavior studies of freely moving rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yu-Ting
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jeffery R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Wickens
authors.forename: Yi-Ling
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Wynn H T
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Fu-Yu Beverly
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jia-Jin Jason
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001676:Biofeedback, Psychology / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000502:physiology; D003217:Conductometry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000502:physiology*; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D059290:Dopaminergic Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D008297:Male; D018670:Monitoring, Ambulatory / Q000295:instrumentation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012201:Reward; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018511:Systems Integration; D059015:Wireless Technology / Q000295:instrumentation*
chemical_list: D004298:Dopamine