title: Effect of multifocal lens glasses on the stepping patterns of novice wearers.
abstract: Multifocal lens glasses (MfLs) negatively affect vision, increase falling risk and contribute to gait changes during stepping. Previous studies on the effects of MfLs on gait have focused on experienced wearers. Thus, the initial response of first-time wearers, who may face significant challenges in adapting to these glasses, is not well understood. This study aimed to quantify the effects of MfLs on novice wearers during stepping up and down. Additionally, young adults were compared against a middle-aged adults to determine the validity of convenience sampling in testing novice response to MfLs. Fifteen young adults (18-34 y.o.) and seven middle-aged adults (46-56 y.o.) were recruited to perform stepping trials while wearing progressive MfLs and blank single lens glasses. Participants stepped up and down from a 75 mm and 150 mm step in randomized order. Step placement, minimum toe clearance, lower body kinematics and stepping time were measured during step up. Step placement, minimum heel clearance, vertical forces and stepping time were measured during step down. MfLs significantly increased toe clearance in the lead and trailing legs, hip flexion, knee flexion and stepping time during step up and increased vertical forces and stepping time during step down. Step placement and hip angle explained 17% of the toe clearance variability. Changes during step up suggest a more conservative adaptation while increased forces during step down suggest a reduced level of control. No age group effects were observed, which supports the use of convenience sampling for evaluating the novice response to MfLs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, United States. Electronic address: beschorn@uwm.edu.
authors.forename: Kurt E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Beschorner
authors.forename: Autumn
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Milanowski
authors.forename: Dennis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tomashek
authors.forename: Roger O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D005139:Eyeglasses; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000502:physiology*; D014785:Vision, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Multifocal lens glasses; Stepping gait; Vision; Walking balance