title: The cam-type deformity--what is it: SCFE, osteophyte, or a new disease?
abstract: Cam-type deformity of the proximal femur is a risk factor for the development of cam-type femoroacetabular impingement and a prearthrotic condition of the hip. The etiology of cam-type deformity remains unclear. There are a number of causes of cam-type deformity including sequellae of slipped capital femoral epiphysis, Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease or Perthes-like deformities, postinfectious, and traumatic. However, the majority of cam-type deformities arise without any apparent preexisting hip disease. These "idiopathic" cam-type deformities likely represent a majority of cases, and show clear racial and sex differences, as well as developmental and genetic influences. Idiopathic cam-type deformity also seems to be a distinct entity from residual or silent slipped capital femoral epiphysis, as well as osteoarthritis-induced osteophytes. In this paper we examine the different pathogenetic aspects of the proximal femur that contribute to cam-type deformity and/or symptomatic cam-type femoroacetabular impingement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland. klaus.siebenrock@insel.ch
authors.forename: Klaus A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Siebenrock
authors.forename: Joseph M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Schwab
mesh_terms: D057925:Femoracetabular Impingement / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D005269:Femur / Q000473:pathology*; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007873:Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D015207:Osteoarthritis, Hip / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D054850:Osteophyte / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D044469:Racial Groups; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D060048:Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphyses / Q000473:pathology*