title: Effectiveness and safety of iodopovidone in an experimental pleurodesis model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chemical pleurodesis is an important therapeutic tool to control recurrent malignant pleural effusion. Among the various sclerosing agents, iodopovidone is considered effective and safe. However, in a recent study, ocular changes were described after iodopovidone was used in recurrent pneumothorax. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and morbidity of iodopovidone pleurodesis in an experimental model.
  
  
  METHODS
  New Zealand rabbits were submitted to intrapleural injection of iodopovidone at concentrations of 2%, 4% and 10%. Biochemical (lactic dehydrogenase, proteins, triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, urea and creatinine) and immunological (Interleukin-8 [IL-8], VEGF and TGFβ) parameters were measured in the pleural fluid and blood. After 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 days, groups of animals were euthanized, and macro- (pleura) and microscopic (pleura and retina) analyses were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An early pleural inflammatory response with low systemic repercussion was observed without corresponding changes in thyroid or renal function. The higher concentrations (4% and 10%) correlated with greater initial exudation, and maximum pleural thickening was observed after 28 days. No changes were observed in the retinal pigment epithelium of the rabbits.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Iodopovidone is considered to be an effective and safe sclerosing agent in this animal model. However, its efficacy, tolerance and safety in humans should be further evaluated.
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Heart Institute (InCor), Pulmonary Division and Thoracic Surgery, Pleura Laboratory, São Paulo/SP, Brazil. lisetepneumo@yahoo.com.br
authors.forename: Lisete R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.forename: Francisco S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Vargas
authors.forename: Juliana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Puka
authors.forename: Milena M P
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Acencio
authors.forename: Leila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Antonangelo
authors.forename: Ricardo M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Terra
authors.forename: Francisco M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Damico
authors.forename: Fabio G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Pitta
authors.forename: Evaldo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Marchi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D023421:Models, Animal; D010994:Pleura / Q000187:drug effects; D016066:Pleural Effusion, Malignant / Q000628:therapy*; D018700:Pleurodesis / Q000379:methods*; D011206:Povidone-Iodine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D011817:Rabbits; D055213:Retinal Pigment Epithelium / Q000187:drug effects; D012597:Sclerosing Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D012597:Sclerosing Solutions; D011206:Povidone-Iodine