title: Hospitalization due to horse-related injuries: has anything changed? A 25 year survey.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Horse riding and horse handling are dangerous. There is a lack of knowledge concerning the incidence of hospitalization due to horse-related injuries and types of injuries in Israel. During the last two decades we have observed an increasing incidence of hospitalizations due to horse-related injuries at our medical center as well as the frequent involvement of pediatric patients.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate these injuries with respect to type, incidence and modes of prevention.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a retrospective study of medical records for all patients admitted to Assaf Harofeh Medical Center due to horse-related injury between January 1984 and December 2008. A telephone questionnaire was used to complete the data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-nine subjects (267 injuries) were included in the study. Most of them were not professional horse riders or horse handlers. Helmet use was reported in only 28% of the participants. The number of subjects with horse-related injuries and the percentage of pediatric involvement increased during the study period. Falling from a horse was the most frequent cause of injury (60.67%), followed by being kicked (13.4%). Head and extremities were the most affected areas. On admission, 33.7% had a potential severe injury score. Forty-two participants (47%) had underlying fractures, mostly in the upper extremities. In the pediatric population, 16.2% (vs. 0% adults) rode horses for therapeutic reasons. Seventeen subjects reported having long-term consequences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings are similar to those described in other parts of the world. Horseback riding-related injuries are increasing, which emphasizes the need for safety education programs in Israel.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, affiliated with Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel. fredricag@asaf.health.gov.il
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Abu-Kishk
authors.forename: Baruch
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Klin
authors.forename: Nataly
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gilady-Doron
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Jeroukhimov
authors.forename: Gideon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Eshel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000818:Animals; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006260:Head Protective Devices / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006736:Horses; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D007557:Israel / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D055815:Young Adult