title: Isolation of a highly reactive β-sheet-rich intermediate of lysozyme in a solvent-free liquid phase.
abstract: The thermal denaturation of solvent-free liquid lysozyme at temperatures in excess of 200 °C was studied by synchrotron radiation circular dichroism spectroscopy. Temperature-dependent changes in the secondary structure were used to map the equilibrium denaturation pathway and characterize a reactive β-sheet-rich unfolding intermediate that was stable in the solvent-free liquid phase under anhydrous conditions but which underwent irreversible aggregation in the presence of water. The unfolding intermediate had a transition temperature of 78 °C and was extremely stable to temperature, eventually reaching the fully denatured state at 178 °C. We propose that the three-stage denaturation pathway arises from the decreased stability of the native state due to the absence of any appreciable hydrophobic effect, along with an entropically derived stabilization of the reactive intermediate associated with molecular crowding in the solvent-free liquid.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Organized Matter Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Alex P S
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Brogan
authors.forename: Kamendra P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Adam W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Perriman
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mann
mesh_terms: D002942:Circular Dichroism; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008958:Models, Molecular; D009113:Muramidase / Q000737:chemistry*; D044367:Phase Transition; D011489:Protein Denaturation; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D012997:Solvents; D009113:Muramidase