title: Transfusion of 28-day-old leucoreduced or non-leucoreduced stored red blood cells induces an inflammatory response in healthy dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Studies in mice suggest that rapid transfusions of red blood cells (RBCs), refrigerator stored for longer durations, induce a pro-inflammatory cytokine response. Studies in human neonates confirm these findings; however, to date, adult human studies have failed to replicate these findings. We used healthy research dogs to begin to examine the factors affecting the cytokine response to transfusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective study, healthy dogs were randomized for two autologous packed RBC transfusions after 7 (i.e. 'fresh') and 28 (i.e. 'old') days of storage, or after 28 and 7 days of storage, with or without prestorage leucoreduction (LR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant differences were observed between LR and non-LR transfusions for all circulating analytes measured following transfusion. A pro-inflammatory cytokine response, exemplified by monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, was observed 6 h after only old RBC transfusions, irrespective of infusion rate (P < 0·001). This response was accompanied by increased neutrophil counts (P < 0·001) and decreased platelet counts (P < 0·001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In healthy dogs, old RBC transfusions induce inflammation, which is unaffected by infusion rate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Callan
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Rux
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bandyopadhyay
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Sireci
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: O'Donnell
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ruane
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sikora
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Marryott
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Sachais
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Hod
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001793:Blood Preservation; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000097:blood; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D004285:Dogs; D017707:Erythrocyte Transfusion / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004912:Erythrocytes; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology*; D047589:Leukocyte Reduction Procedures; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D016207:Cytokines
keywords: RBC transfusion; dog; monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; non-transferrin bound iron