title: A randomized trial evaluating the effects of change in dairy food consumption on cardio-metabolic risk factors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is currently not known whether dairy food influences the risk of cardiovascular disease or diabetes. This study evaluates effects of changing dairy intake on cardio-metabolic risk factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  180 healthy volunteers were randomised to increase, reduce or not change their dairy intake for 1 month in response to dietary advice. Body weight, waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting plasma lipids, insulin resistance and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured at baseline and after 1 month and compared by dietary group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  176 (98%) subjects completed the study. Average change in self-reported dairy fat intake for increased dairy food was +0.9 SD 1.1 g/day (+71%), no change was -2.1 SD 0.4 g/day (-15%) and decreased dairy food was -10.8 SD 1.2 g/day (-77%) respectively. There was no statistically significant change in LDL or HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, systolic or diastolic blood pressure, C-reactive protein, glucose or insulin with 95% CI standard mean differences <0.2 for all and CRP <0.3. There was a small increase in weight (+0.4 kg, SD 3.1) in those asked to increase dairy food.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In healthy volunteers, dietary advice to change dairy intake for 1 month did not have a clinically significant effect on cardio-metabolic risk factors. These observations suggest that dairy food can be included as part of a normal healthy diet without increasing cardio-metabolic risk.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ACTRN12612000574842.
authors.affiliation: Green Lane Cardiovascular Service, Auckland City Hospital, New Zealand Jocelyne.Benatar@adhb.govt.nz.
authors.forename: Jocelyne R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Benatar
authors.affiliation: Green Lane Cardiovascular Service, Auckland City Hospital, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Emma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: Green Lane Cardiovascular Service, Auckland City Hospital, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Harvey
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: White
authors.affiliation: Green Lane Cardiovascular Service, Auckland City Hospital, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Ralph A H
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Stewart
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001835:Body Weight; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D003611:Dairy Products / Q000009:adverse effects; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006304:Health Status; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009520:New Zealand; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D008055:Lipids; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
keywords: Dairy; blood pressure; cardio-metabolic risk factors; dietary intervention; insulin resistance; lipids; weight