title: Does a cycle training course improve cycling skills in children?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to determine the short-term effects of cycle training on basic cycling skills in children from the 4th grade of elementary school. Furthermore, the influence of gender, socio-economic status (SES) and initial cycling skills level on the effects of the cycle training was investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five participating schools were randomly assigned to the intervention (n=3) or control condition (n=2). Children's cycling skills were assessed, using a practical cycling test, at baseline and immediately after the intervention. At baseline, all participating children received a short parental questionnaire on child's demographic and family factors. After the pre-test, cycle training took place only in the intervention schools. Repeated measure analyses were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the cycle training.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cycle training had a statistically significant effect on children's total cycling skill (F=46.9, p<0.001). On mounting the bicycle and start to cycle (F=2.6, p=0.11), cycling one handed (F=2.0, p=0.16), and cycling on a sloping surface (F=1.5, p=0.23), no statistically significant effects were detected. On all other cycling skills, time×condition interaction effects were statistically significant. Gender, SES and initial cycling skills level had no significant influence on the effects of the cycle training.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed that a cycle training of only three sessions was effective to improve children's cycling skills at short term and that cycle training within a traffic-free environment seems to be a useful first step in the development of safe cycling behaviors.
authors.affiliation: Ghent University, Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Watersportlaan 2, 9000 Gent, Belgium. Electronic address: Fabian.Ducheyne@UGent.be.
authors.forename: Fabian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ducheyne
authors.forename: Ilse
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: De Bourdeaudhuij
authors.forename: Matthieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lenoir
authors.forename: Greet
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cardon
mesh_terms: D000056:Accident Prevention / Q000379:methods*; D001642:Bicycling / Q000193:education*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009048:Motor Skills; D012449:Safety; D012574:Schools; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Children; Cycle training course; Cycling skill; Effect