title: Pregnancy Weight Gain Limitation by a Supervised Nutritional Program Influences Placental NF-κB/IKK Complex Expression and Oxidative Stress.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway and oxidative stress participate in endothelial dysfunction, which is one of the causes of pre-eclampsia. Among the human antioxidant mechanisms, there are the enzymes catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Our aim was to measure NF-κB, its inhibitor (IKK) and oxidative stress in placenta and umbilical cord of pregnant women submitted to a supervised nutritional program.
  
  
  METHODS
  TWO GROUPS WERE CONFORMED: A) 14 pregnant women with individualized nutritional counseling, and B) 12 pregnant women without nutritional guidance. NF-κB and IKK were assessed by real time PCR (RT-PCR). Enzymatic activity of CAT, GPx, lipoperoxidation (LPO) and SOD were also evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pregnant women that followed a supervised nutritional program had lower levels of systolic (p=0.03) and diastolic pressure (p=0.043) although they were heavier than the control group (p=0.048). Among all the women, the Spearman correlation was positive between weight gain and placental NF-κB expression (1, p≤0.01). In the placenta, women with nutritional advice had lower enzymatic activity of GPx (p≤0.038) and showed a tendency of IKK to be higher than in women without a nutritional supervised program.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A supervised nutritional program in pregnancy offers a proven option to control weight gain, hypertension, NF-κB/IKK complex expression and oxidative stress reactions in the placenta.
authors.affiliation: aboratory of Molecular Biology, Medical Research Center (CICMED), Autonomous University of the State of Mexico (UAEMex); Maternal-Perinatal Hospital "Monica Pretelini" (HMPMP); Asociación Científica Latina (ASCILA) and Ciprés Grupo Médico (CGM).
authors.forename: Hugo Mendieta
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Zerón
authors.forename: Alejandro Parada
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Flores
authors.forename: Araceli Amaya
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Chávez
authors.forename: Adriana Garduño
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Alanís
authors.forename: María Del Carmen Colín
authors.initials: Mdel C
authors.lastname: Ferreyra
authors.forename: Jonnathan Guadalupe Santillán
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Benítez
authors.forename: Violeta Saraí Morales
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Castañeda
authors.forename: Ma Victoria Domínguez
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: García
keywords: Diet; NF-κB; Oxidative stress; Pre-eclampsia; Pregnancy