title: Oxidative stress in oncohematologic diseases: an update.
abstract: An increased risk of cancer in various organs has been related to oxidative stress and several studies have revealed the mechanism by which continued oxidative stress can lead to chronic inflammation, which in turn could mediate most chronic diseases including cancer. A variety of transcription factors may be activated in consequence of oxidative stress, leading to the expression of over 500 different genes, including those for growth factors, inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, cell cycle regulatory molecules and anti-inflammatory molecules. In this review, the data related to the action of oxidative stress on the onset of various oncohematologic diseases are summarized, thus bringing together some of the latest information available on the pathogenetic role of oxidative stress in cancer. The authors evaluate the most recent publications on this topic, and, in particular, show the newest evidence of a relationship between oxidative stress and hematological malignancies, such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma and chronic Ph-negative myeloproliferative diseases. A separate section is devoted to the implications of a change of oxidative stress in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation. Finally, particular attention is given to the new markers of oxidative stress, such as carbonyl groups, advanced glycation end products, advanced oxidation protein products and S-nitrosylated proteins, which are certainly more stable, reliable, cheaper and more easily identifiable than those already used in clinical practice. New approaches that aim to evaluate subcellular and microenvironment redox potential may be useful in developing cancer diagnostics and therapeutics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, School & Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy. sele19pf@gmail.com
authors.forename: Selene
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Imbesi
authors.forename: Caterina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Musolino
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Allegra
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saija
authors.forename: Fortunato
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Morabito
authors.forename: Gioacchino
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Calapai
authors.forename: Sebastiano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gangemi
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D019337:Hematologic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D006689:Hodgkin Disease / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D009196:Myeloproliferative Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D016207:Cytokines; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014157:Transcription Factors