title: Evaluation of Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Citrus latifolia Tanaka Essential Oil and Limonene in Experimental Mouse Models.
abstract: The genus Citrus (Rutaceae) includes several species of plants that produce some of the most cultivated fruits in the world, providing an appreciable content of essential oil. In folk medicine, they are used as a cholagogue, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, sedative, and antitoxic effects. Lemon essential oil has been used since ancient times for its antiseptic, carminative, diuretic, and eupeptic effects. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of Citrus latifolia Tanaka essential oil (CLEO) and its main constituent LIM. In the cell viability assay, CLEO and LIM (3, 10, 30, and 90  μ g/mL) had low cytotoxicity. In zymosan-induced peritonitis, LIM (500 mg/kg) decreased the infiltration of peritoneal exudate leukocytes and decreased the number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. In vitro chemotaxis revealed that CLEO and LIM (1, 3, and 10 µg/mL) promoted a significant reduction of neutrophil migration toward fMLP and LTB4. LIM (500 mg/kg) also reduced TNF- α levels but did not alter IL-10 levels in the peritoneal exudate. In conclusion, this study showed that LIM isolated from CLEO had potential anti-inflammatory effects, likely by inhibiting proinflammatory mediators present in inflammatory exudate and leukocyte chemotaxis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, 870020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kummer
authors.forename: Fernanda Carolina
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Fachini-Queiroz
authors.forename: Camila Fernanda
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Estevão-Silva
authors.forename: Renata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Grespan
authors.forename: Expedito Leite
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Ciomar Aparecida
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Bersani-Amado
authors.forename: Roberto Kenji Nakamura
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Cuman