title: Nephrostomy in early posttransplantation period in patients with nonfunctional graft and nondilated collecting system.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of our study was to determine whether renal function can be restored by early nephrostomy in patients who fail to develop renal function immediately after transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 2001 and 2010, we have performed external/internal nephrostomy in 13 patients during the early posttransplant period. The reason for the procedure was graft nonfunction with oliguria/anuria in the presence of normal renal perfusion, absence of signs of rejection, and/or renal collecting system dilation. The nephrostomy was created under ultrasound/fluoroscopic guidance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nephrostomy was technically successful in all cases. On days 1-3 following nephrostomy creation, 10 of 13 patients showed an increase in diuresis and subsequent graft function development. Once the obstruction had been removed, the graft remained functional for months up to years posttransplantation. Three patients failed to respond to nephrostomy. There were no nephrostomy-related complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study documents that, in patients who failed to develop graft function posttransplant for unknown reasons, nephrostomy may result in graft function development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Vídeňská 1958/9, 14021, Prague 4, Czech Republic, jape@medicon.cz.
authors.forename: Jan H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Peregrin
authors.forename: Vladimír
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hanzal
authors.forename: Marcela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bürgelová
authors.forename: Ondřej
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Viklický
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D006085:Graft Survival; D006801:Humans; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D007685:Kidney Tubules, Collecting / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009403:Nephrostomy, Percutaneous / Q000379:methods*; D011184:Postoperative Period; D012086:Reoperation / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler / Q000379:methods