title: Effects of extended release methylphenidate treatment on ratings of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and associated behavior in children with autism spectrum disorders and ADHD symptoms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to examine the behavioral effects of four doses of psychostimulant medication, combining extended-release methylphenidate (MPH) in the morning with immediate-release MPH in the afternoon.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample comprised 24 children (19 boys; 5 girls) who met American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed. (DSM-IV-TR) criteria for an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) on the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) and the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS), and had significant symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This sample consisted of elementary school-age, community-based children (mean chronological age=8.8 years, SD=1.7; mean intelligence quotient [IQ]=85; SD=16.8). Effects of four dose levels of MPH on parent and teacher behavioral ratings were investigated using a within-subject, crossover, placebo-controlled design.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MPH treatment was associated with significant declines in hyperactive and impulsive behavior at both home and school. Parents noted significant declines in inattentive and oppositional behavior, and improvements in social skills. No exacerbation of stereotypies was noted, and side effects were similar to those seen in typically developing children with ADHD. Dose response was primarily linear in the dose range studied.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study suggest that MPH formulations are efficacious and well-tolerated for children with ASD and significant ADHD symptoms.
authors.affiliation: University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA. Deborah.A.Pearson@uth.tmc.edu
authors.forename: Deborah A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Pearson
authors.forename: Cynthia W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Aman
authors.forename: L Eugene
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Arnold
authors.forename: Charles D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Casat
authors.forename: Rosleen
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mansour
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Lane
authors.forename: Katherine A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Loveland
authors.forename: Oscar G
authors.initials: OG
authors.lastname: Bukstein
authors.forename: Susan W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Jerger
authors.forename: Perry
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Factor
authors.forename: Salome
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vanwoerden
authors.forename: Evelyn
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Perez
authors.forename: Lynne A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Cleveland
mesh_terms: D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002659:Child Development Disorders, Pervasive / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008774:Methylphenidate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013239:Stereotyped Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D008774:Methylphenidate