title: Optimization and charaterization of repaglinide biodegradable polymeric nanoparticle loaded transdermal patchs: in vitro and in vivo studies.
abstract: Biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles loaded Repaglinide were prepared by solvent extraction method. In this method chitosan, PLA and PCL were employed to prepare Repaglinide polymeric nanoparticles. Some of the formulation parameters were optimized to obtain high quality nanoparticles. The particles were spherical shape with sizes of 108.6 ± 3.4 nm to 220.6 ± 1.2 nm and the poly dispersity indexes were in the range of 0.06 to 0.44. The zeta potential was in the range between - 16.48 ± 2.02 and 30.52 ± 3.20 mV. The percentage entrapment efficiency (EE%) was 81.4 ± 1.8% to 92.7 ± 1.4%. The drug release behavior was studied by externally sink method and the release pattern of drug was found to follow zero order, Higuchi and Peppas equations. The optimized PLA-Repaglinide nanoparticles were loaded in Methocel transdermal patches. These transdermal patches were evaluated by physiochemical parameters, in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo studies. Based on in vivo hypoglycemic results, bioavailability parameters like AUC, AUMC, Cmax, Tmax, MRT, t1/2 and relative bioavailability were found to be 2218.88 μIU/mL/h, 381630.3 μIU/mL/h, 41.88 μIU/mL, 36 h, 83.24h, and 52.79 h respectively. The transdermal patch containing Repaglinide nanoparticles showed 76 fold effective than conventional oral administrations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, P.Rami Reddy Memorial College of Pharmacy, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh, India. Electronic address: vijayanv2@gmail.com.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vijayan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, P.Rami Reddy Memorial College of Pharmacy, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: K Ravindra
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, P.Rami Reddy Memorial College of Pharmacy, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sakthivel
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, P.Rami Reddy Memorial College of Pharmacy, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Swetha
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D001682:Biological Availability; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002219:Carbamates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007700:Kinetics; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010316:Particle Size; D010539:Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D010880:Piperidines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011091:Polyesters; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012869:Skin Absorption / Q000187:drug effects; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D057968:Transdermal Patch
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002219:Carbamates; D007328:Insulin; D010880:Piperidines; D011091:Polyesters; D011108:Polymers; D019344:Lactic Acid; C033616:poly(lactide); C072379:repaglinide
keywords: Ex vivo; In vitro release; Polymeric nanoparticle; Repaglinide