title: Pre-B cell colony enhancing factor (PBEF), a cytokine with multiple physiological functions.
abstract: Pre-B cell colony enhancing factor (PBEF) is regarded as a proinflammatory cytokine. Named for its first discovered function as a pre-B cell colony enhancing factor, it has since been found to have many other functions relating to cell metabolism, inflammation, and immune modulation. It has also been found to have intracellular and extracellular forms, with the two overlapping in function. Most of the intracellular functions of PBEF are due to its role as a nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt). It has been found in human endothelial cells, where it is able to induce angiogenesis through upregulation of VEGF and VEGFR and secretion of MCP-1. In human umbilical endothelial cells, PBEF increases levels of the protease MMP 2/9. PBEF has also been found in a variety of immune cells other than B cells and has been shown to inhibit apoptosis of macrophages. Extracellular PBEF has been shown to increase inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-16, and TGF-β1, and the chemokine receptor CCR3. PBEF also increases the production of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β in CD14(+) monocyctes, macrophages, and dendritic cells, enhances the effectiveness of T cells, and is vital to the development of both B and T lymphocytes. The purpose of this review is to summarize the recent advances in PBEF research.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China. Electronic address: Zhongjie-sun@ouhsc.edu.
authors.forename: Zhongjie
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Han
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.forename: Zhonge
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D042783:Endothelial Cells; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000201:enzymology*; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D054409:Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D054409:Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase; C085455:nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase, human; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor; C522361:MMP2 protein, human; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; C579270:MMP9 protein, human; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9
keywords: B lymphocyte; Chemokine; Monocyte; Pre-B cell enhancing factor; T lymphocyte