title: Permeability barriers to embryo cryopreservation of Pectinophora gossypiella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae).
abstract: The aim of this study was to develop a method to cryopreserve the embryos of the pink bollworm moth, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders). Previously developed dipteran cryopreservation protocols were not directly adaptable to use with the embryos of this lepidopteran species. Physiochemical and electron microscope observations revealed substantial differences in the structure of the chorion, wax layer, and vitelline membrane complex when comparing the cryopreservable embryonic stages of P. gossypiella and dipteran embryos. Thus, the initial steps dealing with dechorionation and permeabilization were ineffective and had to be altered. Exposure to the sodium hypochlorite-based chorion removal step decreased P. gossypiella embryo viability to a very low level. Survival increased and permeability was evident when an alkane wash was used as the first step in the procedure. After the alkane treatment with a surfactant yielded the maximum exchange of cryoprotectant with water as evidenced by a significant lowering of the supercooling point of the cryoprotectant-loaded embryos. The remainder of the cryopreservation and storage recovery protocol for P. gossypiella was similar to those developed for dipteran embryos. Survival of recovered, hatched embryos to adulthood was approximately 7%.
authors.affiliation: North Dakota State University, Department of Entomology, PO Box 6050, Fargo, ND 58108, USA.
authors.forename: Arun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rajamohan
authors.forename: Joseph P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Rinehart
authors.forename: Stephen P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.forename: Roger A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Leopold
mesh_terms: D000473:Alkanes / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000379:methods*; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D009036:Moths / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism; D010539:Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D014867:Water / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000473:Alkanes; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D014867:Water