title: Emergency department use associated with primary care office management.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this pilot study is to demonstrate whether revisiting and focusing on simple and generally known primary care office management practices has a meaningful impact on emergency department (ED) utilization for conditions that likely could have been treated in the primary care office setting (primary care physician [PCP] treatable).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cohort study using health plan administrative data from 2007 to 2010 involving primary care physicians (PCPs) affiliated with both Blue Care Network of Michigan, a nonprofit health maintenance organization, and Oakland Southfield Physicians PC, a Metropolitan Detroit independent practice association. PCPs were assigned to cohorts according to pre-intervention increasing or decreasing temporal trends in annual ED visit rates for PCP-treatable conditions by 12-month continuously enrolled commercial members with the same emergency care copay.
  
  
  METHODS
  A difference-in-difference approach measuring control and intervention PCPs for the same 4 months (September-December) during 3 years (2007-2009) pre-intervention, and the available same 4-month period post-intervention, to determine if the pilot was associated with decreased ED utilization for PCP-treatable conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A substantive reversal of a worsening 2007 to 2009 trend (peak of 49.2 visits per 1000 in 2009 decreased to 7.3 visits/1000 in 2010) in ED use for PCP-treatable conditions at intervention sites, with the 2010 rate also lower than control sites (23.8 visits per 1000) during the same postintervention period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Simple and effective practice management techniques, while generally known, require revisiting and focused attention by PCPs to limit rates of PCP-treatable ED visits.
authors.affiliation: Blue Care Network of Michigan, Mail Code C336, 20500 Civic Ct Dr, Southfield, MI 48076, USA. rgoodman@bcbsm.com
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Goodman
mesh_terms: D015331:Cohort Studies; D016208:Databases, Factual; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017050:Episode of Care; D006279:Health Maintenance Organizations; D006801:Humans; D008824:Michigan; D010824:Physicians' Offices / Q000458:organization & administration*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D011320:Primary Health Care; D019037:Urban Health Services