title: Feasibility of reducing rabies immunoglobulin dosage for passive immunization against rabies: results of In vitro and In vivo studies.
abstract: Passive immunization is a crucial parameter for prevention of human rabies. Presently as World Health Organization (WHO) strongly advocates local infiltration of rabies immunoglobulin in and around the bite wound, we feel that there is no basis for calculating the dose of immunoglobulin based on body weight. Keeping this in view we conducted both in vitro and in vivo studies to know whether the dose of immunoglobulin can be reduced and still obtain complete neutralization of the virus. In vitro neutralization studies were conducted using CVS strain of virus and BHK 21 cells. In vivo experiments were conducted in 4 weeks old Swiss albino mice by initial challenge with CVS followed by infiltration with increasing dilutions of either human rabies immunoglobulin (HRIG) and equine rabies immunoglobulin (ERIG). In vitro studies showed that a dose of 100 FFD 50 of CVS was neutralized by increasing dilution of both HRIG and ERIG and 100% neutralization was observed with HRIG and ERIG in as low quantities as 0.025 IU. In mice studies there was 100% survival of mice infiltrated with 0.025 IU of both HRIG and ERIG compared with 100% mortality in mice infiltrated with normal saline. These results suggest that it is possible to reduce the dose of rabies immunoglobulins by at least 16 times the presently advocated dose. These findings needs to be further evaluated using larger animal models and street viruses prevalent in nature but cannot serve as recommendations for use of RIG for passive immunization in humans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurovirology; National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences (NIMHANS); Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: Shampur Narayan
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Madhusudana
authors.forename: Belludi Yajaman
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Ashwin
authors.forename: Sampada
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sudarshan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002460:Cell Line; D006224:Cricetinae; D006801:Humans; D007116:Immunization, Passive / Q000379:methods*; D007136:Immunoglobulins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D051379:Mice; D056990:Post-Exposure Prophylaxis / Q000379:methods*; D011818:Rabies / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007136:Immunoglobulins
keywords: equine rabies immunoglobulin; human rabies immunoglobulin; passive immunization; post-exposure prophylaxis; rabies