title: Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies new susceptibility loci for migraine.
abstract: Migraine is the most common brain disorder, affecting approximately 14% of the adult population, but its molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. We report the results of a meta-analysis across 29 genome-wide association studies, including a total of 23,285 individuals with migraine (cases) and 95,425 population-matched controls. We identified 12 loci associated with migraine susceptibility (P<5×10(-8)). Five loci are new: near AJAP1 at 1p36, near TSPAN2 at 1p13, within FHL5 at 6q16, within C7orf10 at 7p14 and near MMP16 at 8q21. Three of these loci were identified in disease subgroup analyses. Brain tissue expression quantitative trait locus analysis suggests potential functional candidate genes at four loci: APOA1BP, TBC1D7, FUT9, STAT6 and ATP5B.
authors.affiliation: Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK.|Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.|Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.|Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Verneri
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Anttila
authors.affiliation: Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK.|Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Bendik S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Winsvold
authors.affiliation: Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Padhraig
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gormley
authors.affiliation: INSERM Unit 708 - Neuroepidemiology, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.|University of Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.|Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kurth
authors.affiliation: deCODE genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bettella
authors.affiliation: MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: McMahon
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Mikko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kallela
authors.affiliation: Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Malik
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Boukje
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: de Vries
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Gisela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Terwindt
authors.affiliation: Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Sarah E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Medland
authors.affiliation: Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
authors.forename: Unda
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Todt
authors.affiliation: MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
authors.forename: Wendy L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: McArdle
authors.affiliation: Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Lydia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Quaye
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Markku
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koiranen
authors.affiliation: Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.|Department of Radiology Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.|Department of Neurology Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M Arfan
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ikram
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: Terho
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lehtimäki
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Anine H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Stam
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.|EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Lannie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ligthart
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Juho
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wedenoja
authors.affiliation: European Bioinformatics Insitute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dunham
authors.affiliation: Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.|Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Benjamin M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Neale
authors.affiliation: Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK.|Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Priit
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Palta
authors.affiliation: Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK.|Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Eija
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hamalainen
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schürks
authors.affiliation: Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
authors.forename: Lynda M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Rose
authors.affiliation: Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
authors.forename: Julie E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Buring
authors.affiliation: Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.|Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
authors.forename: Paul M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Ridker
authors.affiliation: deCODE genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland.
authors.forename: Stacy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Steinberg
authors.affiliation: deCODE genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland.
authors.forename: Hreinn
authors.initials: H
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authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland.
authors.forename: Finnbogi
authors.initials: F
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authors.affiliation: MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
authors.forename: Debbie A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Lawlor
authors.affiliation: MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.affiliation: MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
authors.forename: Susan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Ring
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Färkkilä
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Ville
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Artto
authors.affiliation: Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.|Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Mari A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kaunisto
authors.affiliation: Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany.|Department of Neurology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Freilinger
authors.affiliation: Headache Research Unit, Department of Neurology and Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA)-Neurosciences, Liège University, Liège, Belgium.
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schoenen
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Rune R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Frants
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Nadine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pelzer
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Claudia M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Weller
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zielman
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Heath
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
authors.forename: Pamela A F
authors.initials: PAF
authors.lastname: Madden
authors.affiliation: Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Grant W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Montgomery
authors.affiliation: Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Nicholas G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.affiliation: Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
authors.forename: Guntram
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Borck
authors.affiliation: Kiel Pain and Headache Center, Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: Hartmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Göbel
authors.affiliation: Kiel Pain and Headache Center, Kiel, Germany.
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authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Heinze
authors.affiliation: Kiel Pain and Headache Center, Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: Katja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Heinze-Kuhn
authors.affiliation: Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Frances M K
authors.initials: FMK
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences/Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Anna-Liisa
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Hartikainen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.|Department of Clinical Sciences/Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.|Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Anneli
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pouta
authors.affiliation: Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Joyce
authors.initials: J
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authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Andre G
authors.initials: AG
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authors.affiliation: Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
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authors.affiliation: Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Najaf
authors.initials: N
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authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jouke-Jan
authors.initials: JJ
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authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jacqueline M
authors.initials: JM
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authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Kauko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Heikkilä
authors.affiliation: Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.|Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.|Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Bertram
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Muller-Myhsok
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany.|Department of Internal Medicine I, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schreiber
authors.affiliation: Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.|Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Meitinger
authors.affiliation: Institut für Medizinische Informationsverarbeitung, Biometrie und Epidemiologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.|Institute of Epidemiology I, HelmholtzCenter Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.|Klinikum Großhadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Heinz Erich
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Wichmann
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Arpo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aromaa
authors.affiliation: Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.|National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.|Department of General Practice, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.|Vaasa Central Hospital, Vaasa, Finland.|Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Johan G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Eriksson
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Bryan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Traynor
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.|Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Daniah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Trabzuni
authors.affiliation: Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.|Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.|Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rossin
authors.affiliation: Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.|Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.|Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.|Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.|Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Kasper
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lage
authors.affiliation: Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Suzanne B R
authors.initials: SBR
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.|Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: J Raphael
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Gibbs
authors.affiliation: European Bioinformatics Insitute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Ewan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Birney
authors.affiliation: Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.|Department of Mental Health and Alcohol Research, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.|Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Jaakko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kaprio
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.|EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.|Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.|Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Brenda W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Penninx
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Dorret I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Boomsma
authors.affiliation: Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Cornelia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: van Duijn
authors.affiliation: Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.|Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Olli
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Raitakari
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK.|Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.|Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.|Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Marjo-Riitta
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Jarvelin
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: John-Anker
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Zwart
authors.affiliation: Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Lynn
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cherkas
authors.affiliation: Division of Population Health Sciences and Education, St George's, University of London, London, UK.
authors.forename: David P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Strachan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kubisch
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Michel D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.|Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Arn M J M
authors.initials: AMJM
authors.lastname: van den Maagdenberg
authors.affiliation: Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany.|Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dichgans
authors.affiliation: Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.|Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Maija
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wessman
authors.affiliation: MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
authors.forename: George Davey
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: deCODE genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland.|School of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
authors.forename: Kari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Stefansson
authors.affiliation: Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.|Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Daly
authors.affiliation: Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Dale R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Nyholt
authors.affiliation: Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.|Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chasman
authors.affiliation: Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK.|Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.|Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Aarno
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Palotie
mesh_terms: D002531:Cerebellum / Q000378:metabolism; D019295:Computational Biology; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000378:metabolism; D056426:Genetic Loci; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D006801:Humans; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D040641:Quantitative Trait Loci