title: [Manual lifting and manual transport: risk assessment and prevalence of work-related diseases in construction companies in Basilicata].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Basilicata Regional Headquarters of the Italian Institute for Insurance against Occupational Accidents and Disease (INAIL) and the Basilicata association of small building enterprises (Edilcassa di Basilicata) promoted a research project to assess the risk of manual lifting and manual transport in construction enterprises in the Basilicata Region and estimate the prevalence of related diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Manual lifting risk assessment was performed by calculating the VLI of 204 working days in as many building workers. Manual transport risk assessment was carried out comparing the weights transported (on the 204 days tested) with the reference values of the "Snoock and Ciriello" tables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Manual Ifting risk was present on 195 of the 204 days, with an average value of VLI equal to 2.1 (min 0.4, max 8.5), with higher values in the restructuring sector (VLI average of 2.3, min 0.4, max 8.5), and no significant differences between the different tasks. Manual transport risk was present on 129 of the 204 days, with average values of 1.2 (min 0.2, max 3.3), with no significant differences between the different tasks analyzed For both risks additional factors were present that were not analyzed by the methods of assessment used (for manual lifting: 8.8% of the geometries in the critical area; for manual transport: 39% of transport on shoulders, 42.5% on a route with uneven surface and 31.9% on a sloping route), so it is likely that the actual risk is greater than that indicated by the synthetic indices of exposure. The medical questionnaire showed from the case histories that 148 out of 546 subjects were positive for the threshold forpain or discomfort in the lumbosacral spine area and 99 out of 546 subjects reported suffering from an already diagnosed herniated spinal disk. Only 18% of osteoarticular diseases was reported to the Insurance Institute, al though there was widespread awareness that the diseases in question might be related to work. Diseases of the spine were responsible for 1.9% of absenteeism, equal to 30-40% of total absenteeism ofworkers enrolled in "Edilcassa di Basilicata".
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The method used provides a solid basis for evaluating the two risks in the construction industry, where employment is subject to extreme organizational, environmental and structural (machines, tools, operators involved) variability. Employment in the construction industry involves significant exposure to the two risks, counting for 30-40% of total absenteeism in this sector.
authors.affiliation: Unità di ricerca Ergonomia della Postura e del Movimento - CEMOC - Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda - Ospedale Policlinico di Milano. snicmatera@gmail.com
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nicoletti
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Battevi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Colafemmina
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Di Leone
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Satriani
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ragone
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Occhipinti
mesh_terms: D000041:Absenteeism; D000062:Accidents, Occupational / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D003252:Construction Materials; D012090:Cumulative Trauma Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007405:Intervertebral Disc Displacement / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D017770:Lifting / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D019547:Neck Pain / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D060051:Occupational Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D015995:Prevalence; D018570:Risk Assessment; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016474:Weight-Bearing