title: Mutagenicity and cytotoxicity of liquid waste, press water and pond water, produced in the cassava flour industry, and of antitoxic sodium thiosulfate.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), a plant used as food and an ingredient in industry, contains cyanogenic glycosides. The cassava root contains wastewater, popularly known as manipueira, which is a toxic substance. Its ingestion by animals causes poisoning although they react positively to treatment with sodium thiosulfate. The present research evaluates the cytotoxicity and the mutagenicity of liquid waste produced in the process of industrialization of the bitter cassava, olho-junto variety. The liquid wastes are characterized as press water, which is obtained when the cassava roots are pressed; pond water, which is press water stored in impounded ponds; and a solution of sodium thiosulfate, pure and with other waste.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The system tests comprised root meristematic cells of Allium cepa L. and bone marrow cells of Rattus norvegicus. Treatment with saline solution was cytotoxic for Allium cepa L. and significantly reduced cell division rate. Although no treatment was cytotoxic in any of the tests with rats, the thiosulfate solution was clastogenic for the chromosomal aberrations test.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Since it is harmful to the genetic material submitted within the conditions of current research, sodium thiosulfate should only be used in emergency conditions in which the benefits exceed the risks.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Avenida Colombo 5790, Bloco H67 (11), Jardim Universitário, CEP: 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lilian Ávila
authors.initials: LÁ
authors.lastname: Viana
authors.forename: Elisângela
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Düsman
authors.forename: Veronica Elisa Pimenta
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Vicentini
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations / Q000139:chemically induced*; D005260:Female; D005433:Flour; D006027:Glycosides / Q000506:poisoning*; D007220:Industrial Waste; D008297:Male; D002365:Manihot / Q000737:chemistry / Q000506:poisoning*; D018519:Meristem; D009153:Mutagens; D019697:Onions / Q000187:drug effects; D010939:Plant Poisoning / Q000188:drug therapy*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry; D061005:Ponds; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013885:Thiosulfates / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000633:toxicity*; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D006027:Glycosides; D007220:Industrial Waste; D009153:Mutagens; D013885:Thiosulfates; D062065:Wastewater; D014867:Water; C007173:cyanogenic glycosides; C017717:sodium thiosulfate
keywords: Allium cepa L; Manihot esculenta Crantz; Manipueira; Rattus norvegicus; chromosomal aberration; mitotic index