title: Status and future perspectives of vaccines for industrialised fin-fish farming.
abstract: Fin fish farming is developing from extensive to intensive high industrial scale production. Production of fish in high-density growth conditions requires effective vaccines in order to control persistent and emerging diseases. Vaccines can also have significant positive impact on the reduced usage of antibiotics. This was demonstrated when vaccines were introduced in Norway for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in the late eighties and early nineties, resulting in a rapid decline of antibiotics consumption. The present review will focus on current vaccine applications for farmed industrialized fish species such as Atlantic salmon, coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis), cod (Gadus morhua), sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax), gilt-head sea bream (Sparus aurata), yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata), great amberjack (Seriola dumerili), barramundi (Lates calcarifer), japanese flounder (Paralichythys olivaceus), turbot (Scophthalmus maximus), red sea bream (Pagrus major), rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus), seven band grouper (Epinephelus septemfasciatus), striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus), channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). This paper will review the current use of licensed vaccines in fin fish farming and describe vaccine administration regimes including immersion, oral and injection vaccination. Future trends for inactivated-, live attenuated - and DNA - vaccines will also be discussed.
authors.affiliation: PHARMAQ AS, Harbitzalléen 5, 0275 Oslo, P.O. Box 267 Skøyen, N-0213 Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: bjorn.brudeseth@pharmaq.no.
authors.forename: Bjørn Erik
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Brudeseth
authors.forename: Rune
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wiulsrød
authors.forename: Børge Nilsen
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Fredriksen
authors.forename: Karine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lindmo
authors.forename: Knut-Egil
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Løkling
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bordevik
authors.forename: Nils
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Steine
authors.forename: Are
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Klevan
authors.forename: Kjersti
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gravningen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017756:Aquaculture; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005399:Fishes; D014611:Vaccination / Q000662:veterinary*; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019444:Vaccines, DNA / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D019444:Vaccines, DNA; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated
keywords: DNA; Emulsion; Fin fish; Licensed vaccine; Live attenuated