title: Gender disparity among US anaesthesiologists: are women underrepresented in academic ranks and scholarly productivity?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The h-index is an objective indicator of research productivity and influence on scholarly discourse within a discipline. It may be a valuable adjunct for measuring research productivity, a key component in decisions regarding appointment and promotion in academic medicine. The objectives of this analysis were to (1) examine whether there are gender disparities in research productivity among academic anaesthesiologists, and (2) compare results to measures of research productivity in other specialties.
  
  
  METHODS
  A bibliometric analysis of faculty members from 25 academic anaesthesiology departments was performed using the Scopus database. Academic anaesthesiologists were organised by academic rank and gender. The h-index and publication range (in years) of faculty members were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Male anaesthesiologists had higher research productivity, as measured by the h-index, than female colleagues. Organised by rank, this difference was noted only among full professors. Men had higher overall and early-career research productivity, while women had mid-career research productivity rates equivalent to and surpassing that of their male colleagues. Gender disparities in research productivity were also noted among a sample of academic physicians in other specialties.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While men had higher overall research productivity, women had equivalent or higher mid-career research output, suggesting that early-career considerations unique to women should be taken into account during appointment and promotion in academic anaesthesiology. While disparities in gender representation among anaesthesiologists have also been noted in Europe, further study as to whether these differences also extend to research productivity and academic promotion outside of the US would be of interest.
authors.affiliation: University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Pashkova
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Svider
authors.forename: C Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Diaz
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Eloy
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Eloy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000776:Anesthesiology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002321:Career Choice; D004526:Efficiency; D005178:Faculty / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005783:Gender Identity; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011643:Publishing / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012106:Research / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012577:Schools, Medical; D014481:United States; D014930:Women; D000078329:Workforce