title: In vitro cellular detoxification of triethylene glycol dimethacrylate by adduct formation with N-acetylcysteine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Various protective effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) against triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA)-induced cell damage have been demonstrated, but so far there is no evidence on NAC direct monomer detoxification mechanism. Here, we hypothesized that NAC might reduce TEGDMA cytotoxicity due to direct NAC adduct formation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured the cytotoxic effects of TEGDMA in presence and in absence of NAC by MTT test. Then we analyzed the presence of TEGDMA-NAC adduct formation in extracellular and intracellular compartments by capillary electrophoresis-UV detection (CE-UV) and capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS) analytical techniques. Moreover, we quantified the effective intracellular and extracellular TEGDMA concentrations through HPLC in the presence and absence of 10 mmol/L NAC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TEGDMA reduced 3T3 cell vitality in a dose- and time-dependent manner, while NAC decreased monomer cytotoxicity and extracellular monomer concentrations by a direct reaction with TEGDMA. The adducts between the two molecules were detected both in the presence and absence of cell. Moreover a signal ascribed to the methacrylic acid was present in the CE-UV electropherogram of cellular lysates obtained after incubation with TEGDMA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that in vitro detoxification capability of NAC against TEGDMA-induced cell damage might occur also through the formation of NAC-TEGDMA adduct.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Division of Operative Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy. gspagnuo@unina.it
authors.forename: Gianrico
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Spagnuolo
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Desiderio
authors.forename: Virginia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rivieccio
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amato
authors.forename: Diana Valeria
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Rossetti
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: D'Antò
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schweikl
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lupi
authors.forename: Sandro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rengo
authors.forename: Giuseppina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nocca
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003600:Cytosol / Q000737:chemistry; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004347:Drug Interactions; D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary; D005110:Extracellular Space / Q000737:chemistry; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects*; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000032:analysis; D051379:Mice; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D041701:Swiss 3T3 Cells; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles; D013997:Time Factors; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D008689:Methacrylates; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; D020011:Protective Agents; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles; C020946:triethylene glycol dimethacrylate; C008384:methacrylic acid; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; C022616:thiazolyl blue; D000111:Acetylcysteine
keywords: Cytotoxicity; Dental monomers; N-acetylcysteine; TEGDMA