title: Peri-implant versus periodontal wound healing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Peri-implant gingival healing following one-stage implant placement was investigated and compared to periodontal healing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Healing at surgical sites [implant (I) and adjacent teeth (T+)] was compared to non-operated tooth (T-) in non-smokers receiving one-stage implant. Periodontal Indices (PI, GI) were recorded at surgery and up to 12 weeks post-operatively. Peri-implant (PICF) and gingival crevicular fluids (GCF) were analysed for cytokines, collagenases and inhibitors. Data were analysed by linear mixed model regression analysis and repeated measures anova.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty patients (22 females; 21-74 years old) completed the study. Surgical site GI, increased at week 1, decreased significantly during early healing (weeks 1-3; p = 0.0003) and continually decreased during late healing (weeks 6-12) for I (p < 0.01). PICF volume decreased threefold by week 12 (p = 0.0003). IL-6, IL-8, MIP-1β and TIMP-1 levels significantly increased at surgical sites at week one, significantly decreasing thereafter (p < 0.016). Week one IL-6, IL-8 and MIP-1β levels were ~threefold higher and TIMP-1 levels 63% higher, at I compared to T+ (p = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Peri-implant gingival healing, as determined by crevicular fluid molecular composition, differs from periodontal healing. The observed differences suggest that peri-implant tissues, compared to periodontal tissues, represent a higher pro-inflammatory state.
authors.affiliation: Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Pinar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Emecen-Huja
authors.forename: Tim D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Eubank
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Shapiro
authors.forename: Vedat
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Yildiz
authors.forename: Dimitris N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Tatakis
authors.forename: Binnaz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Leblebicioglu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D054407:Chemokine CCL4 / Q000032:analysis; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015921:Dental Implants; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005881:Gingiva / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000032:analysis; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D020784:Matrix Metalloproteinase 8; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors / Q000032:analysis; D008875:Middle Aged; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010519:Periodontium / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000473:pathology; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000032:analysis; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000032:analysis; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C066507:CCL4 protein, human; C508606:CXCL8 protein, human; D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D015921:Dental Implants; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; C560822:TIMP1 protein, human; C560823:TIMP2 protein, human; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2; C488762:MMP8 protein, human; D020784:Matrix Metalloproteinase 8; C579270:MMP9 protein, human; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9
keywords: crevicular fluid; cytokines; dental implant; gingiva; periodontal surgery; wound healing