title: The preventive effect of lotus seedpod procyanidins on cognitive impairment and oxidative damage induced by extremely low frequency electromagnetic field exposure.
abstract: The present study investigated the effects of lotus seedpod procyanidins (LSPCs) administered by oral gavage on the cognitive deficits and oxidative damage of mice at extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) exposure (50 Hz, 8 mT, 28 days). The results showed that 90 mg kg⁻¹ LSPCs treatment significantly increased body weight compared with the ELF-EMF group at ELF-EMF exposure and effectively maintained liver index, thymus index, kidney index and spleen index close to normal. A water maze test indicated that learning and memory abilities of the ELF-EMF group deteriorated significantly with ELF-EMF exposure when compared with the control group, but the ELF-EMF + LSPCs90 group had remarkably improved learning and memory abilities compared with the ELF-EMF group. Malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) mostly exhibited significant increases, while the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) decreased significantly under ELF-EMF exposure in the ELF-EMF group. LSPCs (especially 60, 90 mg kg⁻¹) administration decreased MDA, ROS, NO content and lowered NOS activity in LSPCs treatment groups. Furthermore, LSPCs (60, 90 mg kg⁻¹) treatment significantly augmented GPx, CAT, SOD activity in the hippocampus and serum. Pathological observation showed that number of pyramidal cells of the CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus of the LSPCs treatment groups was significantly greater than the ELF-EMF group. All the data suggested that the LSPCs can effectively prevent learning and memory damage and oxidative damage caused by the ELF-EMF, most likely through the ability of LSPCs to scavenge oxygen free radicals and to stimulate antioxidant enzyme activity.
authors.affiliation: School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
authors.forename: Yuqing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.forename: Zhigao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Haihui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yuanqing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Rongzhu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Guibo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Xiaobo
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D000070116:Lotus / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D044945:Proanthocyanidins; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase