title: Effects of whole body cryotherapy and cold water immersion on knee skin temperature.
abstract: This study sought to (a) compare and contrast the effect of 2 commonly used cryotherapy treatments, 4 min of -110 °C whole body cryotherapy and 8 °C cold water immersion, on knee skin temperature and (b) establish whether either protocol was capable of achieving a skin temperature (<13 °C) believed to be required for analgesic purposes. After ethics committee approval and written informed consent was obtained, 10 healthy males (26.5±4.9 yr, 183.5±6.0 cm, 90.7±19.9 kg, 26.8±5.0 kg/m2, 23.0±9.3% body fat; mean±SD) participated in this randomised controlled crossover study. Skin temperature around the patellar region was assessed in both knees via non-contact, infrared thermal imaging and recorded pre-, immediately post-treatment and every 10 min thereafter for 60 min. Compared to baseline, average, minimum and maximum skin temperatures were significantly reduced (p<0.001) immediately post-treatment and at 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 min after both cooling modalities. Average and minimum skin temperatures were lower (p<0.05) immediately after whole body cryotherapy (19.0±0.9 °C) compared to cold water immersion (20.5±0.6 °C). However, from 10 to 60 min post, the average, minimum and maximum skin temperatures were lower (p<0.05) following the cold water treatment. Finally, neither protocol achieved a skin temperature believed to be required to elicit an analgesic effect.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Costello
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Limerick, Ireland.
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Donnelly
authors.affiliation: Research Services, Satakunta Univeristy of Applied Sciences, Pori, Finland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karki
authors.affiliation: Allied Health Professions Research Unit, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Selfe
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000698:Analgesia / Q000379:methods*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D017679:Cryotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007101:Immersion; D007717:Knee; D008297:Male; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012881:Skin Temperature; D055815:Young Adult