title: Proton radiography peers into metal solidification.
abstract: Historically, metals are cut up and polished to see the structure and to infer how processing influences the evolution. We can now peer into a metal during processing without destroying it using proton radiography. Understanding the link between processing and structure is important because structure profoundly affects the properties of engineering materials. Synchrotron x-ray radiography has enabled real-time glimpses into metal solidification. However, x-ray energies favor the examination of small volumes and low density metals. Here we use high energy proton radiography for the first time to image a large metal volume (>10,000 mm(3)) during melting and solidification. We also show complementary x-ray results from a small volume (<1 mm(3)), bridging four orders of magnitude. Real-time imaging will enable efficient process development and the control of structure evolution to make materials with intended properties; it will also permit the development of experimentally informed, predictive structure and process models.
authors.affiliation: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA. aclarke@lanl.gov
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.forename: Seth
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Imhoff
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gibbs
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cooley
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Merrill
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hollander
authors.forename: Fesseha
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mariam
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ott
authors.forename: Martha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barker
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tucker
authors.forename: Wah-Keat
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Kamel
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fezzaa
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Deriy
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Patterson
authors.forename: Kester
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Montalvo
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Field
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Thoma
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Teter