title: Short-term responses of selected endocrine parameters in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to 4-nonylphenol.
abstract: The synthetic organic compound 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) has been shown to have a wide range of adverse effects on the endocrine system of various animals including fish. The present study evaluated the potential effects of 4-NP on vitellogenin (VTG) synthesis, steroid, and thyroid hormone concentrations in both juvenile male and female rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish were exposed by intraperitoneal injection to different doses of 4-NP (1, 10, 50, and 100 μg g(-1)) or vehicle (coconut oil) over a period of 14 days. Blood samples were collected 7 and 14 days after initiation of treatment. Plasma VTG levels in 4-NP-treated fish were detected by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as a high molecular weight protein band of 180 KDa. In addition, plasma VTG concentrations were quantified indirectly using plasma alkali-labile phosphate (ALP) and plasma calcium. Both ALP and calcium levels in plasma showed similar and parallel increase patterns after exposure to 4-NP that were significantly higher compared with controls. The analysis of plasma sex steroid levels revealed a significant increase in 17β-estradiol and testosterone in plasma of juvenile males and females, respectively. Furthermore, a significant increase was observed in plasma cortisol levels. On the other hand, 4-NP decreased both plasma triiodothyronine and thyroxine after 7 and 14 days of treatment. These results suggest that 4-NP can affect different parts of the endocrine system, which may lead to serious impairments in physiological homeostasis of juvenile rainbow trout.
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Islamic Republic of Iran m.naderi15@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Naderi
authors.affiliation: Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors.forename: Davood
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zargham
authors.affiliation: Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Natural Resources, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors.forename: Asad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Asadi
authors.affiliation: Shahid Motahari Genetic Research Center for Coldwater Fishes, Iraninan Fisheries Research Organization, Yasuj, Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors.forename: Tayebeh
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bashti
authors.affiliation: Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, Islamic Azad University, Bandar Abbas Branch, Bandar Abbas, Islamic Republic of Iran.
authors.forename: Kianoosh
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kamayi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017756:Aquaculture; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000097:blood; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D008297:Male; D017686:Oncorhynchus mykiss / Q000097:blood / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D010636:Phenols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D011897:Random Allocation; D013739:Testosterone / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood; D013963:Thyroid Hormones / Q000097:blood; D059551:Toxicity Tests, Subacute; D014819:Vitellogenins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal; D029941:Fish Proteins; D010636:Phenols; D013963:Thyroid Hormones; D014819:Vitellogenins; D013739:Testosterone; D004958:Estradiol; C041594:4-nonylphenol; D006854:Hydrocortisone
keywords: 4-nonylphenol; Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss); steroid hormone; thyroid hormone; vitellogenin