title: Sodium intake of special populations in the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity Across the Life Span (HANDLS) study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The sodium intake of participants of the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span study who were in three of the special population groups identified by the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010 (those with hypertension, African Americans, and those ≥51years) was analyzed to determine if they met sodium recommendations.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample included 2152 African American and White subjects, aged 30-64years. Major dietary sources of sodium for each group were determined from two 24-hour dietary recalls, and dietary intakes were compared with sodium recommendations. Dietary potassium was also evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The intakes of the groups studied exceeded 1500mg of sodium while their potassium intakes were lower than the Adequate Intake of 4700mg. The major contributors of sodium included "cold cuts, sausage, and franks," "protein foods," and yeast breads.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Excessive sodium intake characterized the diet of an urban, socioeconomically diverse population who are hypertensive or at risk for having hypertension. These findings have implications for health professionals and the food industry.
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavioral Health & Nutrition, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA. Electronic address: ncotugna@udel.edu.
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cotugna
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fanelli-Kuczmarski
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fanelli-Kuczmarksi
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Clymer
authors.forename: Lawrence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hotchkiss
authors.forename: Alan B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Zonderman
authors.forename: Michele K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Evans
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000367:Age Factors; D015142:Baltimore / Q000453:epidemiology; D004032:Diet / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004034:Diet Surveys / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017419:Potassium, Dietary / Q000378:metabolism; D064167:Recommended Dietary Allowances; D012982:Sodium, Dietary / Q000378:metabolism*; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D017419:Potassium, Dietary; D012982:Sodium, Dietary
keywords: Health promotion; Hypertension; Lifestyle modification/health behavior; Nutrition/diet; Prevention; Public health