title: Comparative characterization of two marine alginate lyases from Zobellia galactanivorans reveals distinct modes of action and exquisite adaptation to their natural substrate.
abstract: Cell walls of brown algae are complex supramolecular assemblies containing various original, sulfated, and carboxylated polysaccharides. Among these, the major marine polysaccharide component, alginate, represents an important biomass that is successfully turned over by the heterotrophic marine bacteria. In the marine flavobacterium Zobellia galactanivorans, the catabolism and uptake of alginate are encoded by operon structures that resemble the typical Bacteroidetes polysaccharide utilization locus. The genome of Z. galactanivorans contains seven putative alginate lyase genes, five of which are localized within two clusters comprising additional carbohydrate-related genes. This study reports on the detailed biochemical and structural characterization of two of these. We demonstrate here that AlyA1PL7 is an endolytic guluronate lyase, and AlyA5 cleaves unsaturated units, α-L-guluronate or β-D-manuronate residues, at the nonreducing end of oligo-alginates in an exolytic fashion. Despite a common jelly roll-fold, these striking differences of the mode of action are explained by a distinct active site topology, an open cleft in AlyA1(PL7), whereas AlyA5 displays a pocket topology due to the presence of additional loops partially obstructing the catalytic groove. Finally, in contrast to PL7 alginate lyases from terrestrial bacteria, both enzymes proceed according to a calcium-dependent mechanism suggesting an exquisite adaptation to their natural substrate in the context of brown algal cell walls.
authors.affiliation: University of Marie and Pierre Curie Paris 6, UMR 7139, Marine Plants and Biomolecules, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29682 Roscoff, Brittany, France.
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Lena C E
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Lundqvist
authors.forename: Murielle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jam
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jeudy
authors.forename: Tristan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Barbeyron
authors.forename: Corine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sandström
authors.forename: Gurvan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Michel
authors.forename: Mirjam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Czjzek
mesh_terms: D059001:Aquatic Organisms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001665:Binding Sites; D041965:Flavobacteriaceae / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D016680:Genome, Bacterial / Q000502:physiology; D011133:Polysaccharide-Lyases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D013379:Substrate Specificity / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D011133:Polysaccharide-Lyases; C016158:poly(beta-D-mannuronate) lyase
keywords: Carbohydrate Metabolism; Enzyme Mechanisms; Enzyme Structure; Evolution; Marine Origin; X-ray Crystallography