title: The contribution of blood flow to the skin temperature responses during a cold sensitivity test.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The presumption in a cold sensitivity test (CST) used for cold injuries is that the skin temperature (T sk) observed reflects the return of blood flow to the extremity following a local cold challenge. We questioned this assumption.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six non-cold injured participants undertook two CSTs in 30 °C air. The control (CON) CST involved 12 min gentle exercise prior to immersing the foot into 15 °C water for 2 min followed by 15 min of spontaneous rewarming. The occlusion (OCC) CST was the same except that blood flow to the foot was occluded during the rewarming period. These results were compared to CSTs from six individuals with non-freezing cold injury and moderate-severe cold sensitivity (CS) and a non-perfused human digit model (NPDM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Before immersion, great toe skin blood flow (SkBF) was similar in CON and OCC conditions [255 (107) laser Doppler units (LDU)] and was higher than CS [59 (52) LDU]. During rewarming, SkBF in CON returned to 104 % of the pre-immersion value and was higher than both OCC and CS. Great toe T sk before immersion was lower in CS [28.5 (2.1) °C] compared to CON [34.7 (0.4) °C], OCC [34.6 (0.9) °C] and NPDM [35.0 (0.4) °C]. During rewarming skin/surface temperature in OCC, CS and NPDM were similar and all lower than CON.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SkBF does contribute to the skin rewarming profile during a CST as a faster rate of rewarming was observed in CON compared to either OCC or NPDM. The lower T sk in CS may be due to a reduced basal SkBF.
authors.affiliation: Extreme Environments Laboratory, Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2ER, UK.
authors.forename: Martha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Davey
authors.forename: Clare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Eglin
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: House
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tipton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001833:Body Temperature Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D003080:Cold Temperature; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007101:Immersion; D008297:Male; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology*; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply*; D012881:Skin Temperature / Q000502:physiology*; D014034:Toes / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult