title: Nox as a target for diabetic complications.
abstract: Oxidative stress has been linked to the pathogenesis of the major complications of diabetes in the kidney, the heart, the eye or the vasculature. NADPH oxidases of the Nox family are a major source of ROS (reactive oxygen species) and are critical mediators of redox signalling in cells from different organs afflicted by the diabetic milieu. In the present review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge related to the understanding of the role of Nox in the processes that control cell injury induced by hyperglycaemia and other predominant factors enhanced in diabetes, including the renin-angiotensin system, TGF-β (transforming growth factor-β) and AGEs (advanced glycation end-products). These observations support a critical role for Nox homologues in diabetic complications and indicate that NADPH oxidases are an important therapeutic target. Therefore the design and development of small-molecule inhibitors that selectively block Nox oxidases appears to be a reasonable approach to prevent or retard the complications of diabetes in target organs. The bioefficacy of these agents in experimental animal models is also discussed in the present review.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA. gorin@uthscsa.edu
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gorin
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Block
mesh_terms: D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000517:prevention & control; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D000074663:NADPH Oxidase 4; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000187:drug effects; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D000074663:NADPH Oxidase 4; D019255:NADPH Oxidases; C498910:NOX4 protein, human