title: Non-attendance at diabetic eye screening and risk of sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy: a population-based cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluated whether repeated non-attendance for diabetic eye screening is associated with the risk of sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy (STDR).
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a cohort study of 6,556 residents with diabetes who were invited for screening between 2008 and 2011 in a population-based eye screening programme in inner London and who attended for their first-ever screen in 2008. The proportion of participants with STDR was evaluated in relation to the number of years in which screening was missed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The proportion of participants who did not attend screening decreased between 2009 and 2011 (annual reduction 1.6% [95% CI 0.9%, 2.3%]). The adjusted relative odds of STDR for 210 participants who did not attend two consecutive years of screening were 3.76 (95% CI 2.14, 6.61; p < 0.001), compared with participants who were screened annually. In 605 participants with mild non-proliferative retinopathy at the first screen, the adjusted relative odds of developing proliferative or moderate to severe non-proliferative retinopathy were 5.72 (95% CI 7.43, 22.83; p = 0.013) for 53 participants who missed two screens.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients who do not attend diabetic eye screening are at increased risk of developing STDR. Tracing of non-attenders with evidence of established retinopathy should be an important fail-safe procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Primary Care and Public Health Sciences, King's College London, Capital House, 42 Weston Street, London SE1 3QD, UK. alice.s.forster@kcl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Alice S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Forster
authors.forename: Angus
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Forbes
authors.forename: Hiten
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dodhia
authors.forename: Clare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Connor
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Du Chemin
authors.forename: Sobha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sivaprasad
authors.forename: Samantha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mann
authors.forename: Martin C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Gulliford
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult