title: Role of Engrailed-2 (EN2) as a prostate cancer detection biomarker in genetically high risk men.
abstract: Controversy surrounds the use of PSA as a biomarker for prostate cancer detection, leaving an unmet need for a novel biomarker in this setting; urinary EN2 may identify individuals with clinically relevant prostate cancer. Male BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers are at increased risk of clinically significant prostate cancer and may benefit from screening. Urine samples from 413 BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers and controls were evaluated. Subjects underwent annual PSA screening with diagnostic biopsy triggered by PSA > 3.0 ng/ml; 21 men were diagnosed with prostate cancer. Urinary EN2 levels were measured by ELISA and had a sensitivity of 66.7% and specificity of 89.3% for cancer detection. There was no statistically significant difference in EN2 levels according to genetic status or Gleason score. Urinary EN2 may be useful as a non-invasive early biomarker for prostate cancer detection in genetically high-risk individuals.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UK. emma.killick@icr.ac.uk
authors.forename: Emma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Killick
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Launchbury
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bancroft
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Page
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.forename: Zsofia
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kote-Jarai
authors.forename: Armen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aprikian
authors.forename: Ignacio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Blanco
authors.forename: Virginia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Clowes
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Domchek
authors.forename: Fiona
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Douglas
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Eccles
authors.forename: D Gareth
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: Marion
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Judy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kirk
authors.forename: Jimmy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: Geoffrey
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lindeman
authors.forename: Gillian
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pachter
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Selkirk
authors.forename: Kathy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tucker
authors.forename: Janaz
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zgajnar
authors.forename: Rosalind
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Eeles
authors.forename: Hardev
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pandha
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000652:urine*; D019398:Genes, BRCA1; D024522:Genes, BRCA2; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000652:urine*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000652:urine*; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics; D000099266:Engrailed 2 Protein
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen; D000099266:Engrailed 2 Protein