title: An ex vivo comparison of digital radiography and cone-beam and micro computed tomography in the detection of the number of canals in the mesiobuccal roots of maxillary molars.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to compare digital periapical and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images to determine the number of canals in the mesiobuccal root of maxillary molars and to compare these counts with micro computed tomography (μCT), which was also used to determine canal configuration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Digital periapical (RVG 6100), CBCT (9000 3D), and μCT images (the reference standard) were obtained of 18 hemi-maxillas. With periapical and CBCT images, 2 endodontists independently counted the number of canals in each molar and repeated the counts 2 weeks later. Teeth were extracted and scanned with μCT, and 2 additional endodontists, by consensus, determined the number and configuration of canals. The Friedman test was used to test for differences.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In mesiobuccal roots, 2 canals were present in 100% of maxillary first molars (13 of 13) and 57% of second molars (8 of 14), and 69% (9 of 13) and 100% (8 of 8) of these exited as 2 or more foramina. There was no difference in canal counts for original and repeat reads by the 2 observers with periapical (P = .06) and with CBCT (P = .88) and no difference when CBCT counts were compared with μCT counts (P = .52); however, when periapical counts were compared with μCT counts, there was a significant difference (P = .04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For cadaver maxillary molars, μCT canal counts were significantly different from digital periapical radiograph counts but not different from Carestream9000 3D CBCT counts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Center for Advanced Dental Education, Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO 63104, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Domark
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Hatton
authors.forename: Roxanne P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Benison
authors.forename: Charles F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Hildebolt
mesh_terms: D063405:Anatomic Variation; D002102:Cadaver; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008437:Maxilla / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008963:Molar / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D015588:Observer Variation; D016300:Radiography, Bitewing / Q000379:methods; D019252:Radiography, Dental, Digital / Q000379:methods*; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography / Q000379:methods*