title: The OSIRIS Weight of Evidence approach: ITS for skin sensitisation.
abstract: Within the EU FP6 project OSIRIS approaches to Integrated Testing Strategies (ITSs) were developed, with the aim to facilitate the use of non-test and non-animal testing information in regulatory risk assessment of chemicals. This paper describes an analytical Weight-of-Evidence (WoE) approach to an ITS for the endpoint of skin sensitisation. It specifically addresses the European chemicals legislation REACH, but the concept is readily applicable to ITS and WoE procedures in other regulatory frameworks, and for other toxicological endpoints. Bayesian statistics are applied to estimate the reliability of a conclusion on the sensitisation potential of a chemical, combining evidence from different information sources such as QSAR model predictions, in vitro and in vivo test results. The methodology allows for adaptation of the weight of individual information sources to account for the different levels of reliability of the individual ITS components. The calculated reliability of the WoE conclusion gives an objective, transparent and reproducible measure to decide if the information requirements for data evaluation are satisfied. Furthermore, in case the WoE is not sufficient, it gives the possibility to evaluate a priori if and how it will be possible to fulfil the information requirements with additional tests and/or model predictions.
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands. Electronic address: emiel.rorije@rivm.nl.
authors.forename: Emiel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rorije
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aldenberg
authors.forename: Harrie
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Buist
authors.forename: Dinant
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kroese
authors.forename: Gerrit
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schüürmann
mesh_terms: D000826:Animal Testing Alternatives; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D003877:Dermatitis, Contact; D015386:Hazardous Substances / Q000633:toxicity; D015233:Models, Statistical; D021281:Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship; D018570:Risk Assessment; D023422:Skin Irritancy Tests / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D015386:Hazardous Substances
keywords: Bayesian inference; ITS; Integrated Testing Strategy; REACH; Weight-of-Evidence; WoE