title: Cryotherapy and its applications in the management of urologic malignancies: a review of its use in prostate and renal cancers.
abstract: Cryotherapy has been established as an ablative modality for the treatment of a wide range of malignancies. Being minimally invasive, it is associated with less morbidity than conventional extirpative surgical procedures. In recent years, it has been used with success for treating two of the common urologic malignancies, that is, prostate and renal cancer. In this review, we highlight the role of cryotherapy as a treatment modality, the proposed destructive mechanisms of action and the risks of its use in the management of prostate and renal malignancy.
authors.affiliation: Northampton General Hospital, UK. Electronic address: azmo2004@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Aza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mohammed
authors.affiliation: Northampton General Hospital, UK.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.affiliation: Northampton General Hospital, UK.
authors.forename: Jayne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Douglas-Moore
authors.affiliation: Northampton General Hospital, UK.
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D017679:Cryotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D047368:Tumor Burden
keywords: Cryoprobes; Cryotherapy; Prostate cancer; Small renal masses