title: Low osteogenic differentiation potential of placenta-derived mesenchymal stromal cells correlates with low expression of the transcription factors Runx2 and Twist2.
abstract: Recent studies indicated that mesenchymal stromal cells from bone marrow (bmMSC) differ in their osteogenic differentiation capacity compared to MSC from term placenta (pMSC). We extended these studies and investigated the expression of factors involved in regulation of bone metabolism in both cell types. To this end, MSC were expanded in vitro and characterized. The total transcriptome was investigated by microarrays, and for selected genes, the differences in gene expression were explored by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, immunocytochemistry, and flow cytometry. We report that bmMSC and pMSC share expression of typical lineage surface markers, including CD73, CD90, CD105, and lack of CD14, CD34, and CD45. However, according to transcriptome analyses, they differ significantly in their expression of more than 590 genes. Factors involved in bone metabolism, including alkaline phosphatase (P<0.05), osteoglycin (P<0.05), osteomodulin (P<0.05), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) (P<0.04), and WISP2 (P<0.05), were expressed at significantly lower levels in pMSC, but twist-related protein 2 (Twist2) (P<0.0002) was expressed at significantly higher levels. The osteogenic differentiation capacity of pMSC was very low. The adipogenic differentiation was somewhat more prominent in bmMSC, while the chondrogenic differentiation seemed not to differ between bmMSC and pMSC, as determined by histochemical staining. However, expression and induction of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-2 (PPARγ2) and Sox9, factors involved in early adipogenesis and chondrogenesis, respectively, were higher in bmMSC. We conclude that despite many similarities between bmMSC and pMSC, when expanded under identical conditions, they vary considerably with respect to their in vitro differentiation potential. For regenerative purposes, the choice of MSC may therefore influence the outcome of a treatment considerably.
authors.affiliation: 1 ZRM, Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Tuebingen , Tuebingen, Germany .
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ulrich
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rolauffs
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Abele
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bonin
authors.forename: Kay
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nieselt
authors.forename: Melanie L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Hart
authors.forename: Wilhelm K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Aicher
mesh_terms: D050156:Adipogenesis / Q000235:genetics; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D020219:Chondrogenesis / Q000235:genetics; D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000235:genetics*; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010920:Placenta / Q000166:cytology; D011247:Pregnancy; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D055758:SOX9 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D059467:Transcriptome / Q000235:genetics*; D051879:Twist-Related Protein 1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit; D047495:PPAR gamma; C493709:RUNX2 protein, human; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D055758:SOX9 Transcription Factor; C527932:SOX9 protein, human; C486274:TWIST2 protein, human; D051879:Twist-Related Protein 1