title: Migration background and juvenile mental health: a descriptive retrospective analysis of diagnostic rates of psychiatric disorders in young people.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This article presents diagnostic rates for specific mental disorders in a German pediatric inpatient population over a period of 20 years with respect to migration background and socioeconomic status (SES).
  
  
  METHODS
  Diagnostic data were obtained over a period of 20 years from 8,904 patients who visited a child and adolescent psychiatry mental health service in Germany. Data from 5,985 diagnosed patients (ICD-9 and ICD-10 criteria) were included with respect to gender, migration background, and SES.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Migration- and gender-specific effects were found for both periods of assessment. The group of boys with a migration background showed significantly higher rates of reactions to severe stress, adjustment disorders, and posttraumatic stress disorder compared to their male, non-migrant counterparts. Conversely, boys without a migration background showed a significantly higher percentage rate of hyperkinetic disorders than male migrants. Similar results were found for female migrants in the latter assessment period (ICD-10). In addition, female migrants showed lower rates of emotional disorders whose onset occurs in childhood compared to their non-migrant counterparts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Data from this investigation provide preliminary evidence that the prevalence of various psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents is influenced by migration background and SES.
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Tilman Jakob
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Gaber
authors.forename: Samira
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bouyrakhen
authors.forename: Beate
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Herpertz-Dahlmann
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Hagenah
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Holtmann
authors.forename: Christine Margarete
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Freitag
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wöckel
authors.forename: Fritz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Poustka
authors.forename: Florian Daniel
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Zepf
mesh_terms: D000275:Adjustment Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D000293:Adolescent; D000296:Adolescent Psychiatry / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004641:Emigration and Immigration / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D008603:Mental Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology
keywords: adolescents; children; immigration issues; mental health; risk factors