title: [Effects of acupuncture treatment on natural killer cell activity, pulse rate, and pain reduction for older adults: an uncontrolled, observational study].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to examine the changes in natural killer (NK) cell activity, pulse rate, and pain intensity among older adults before and after acupuncture treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-six individuals (16 males and 40 females), age 60 to 82 years (mean age 72.4 ± 5.0), who were experiencing pain in the shoulder, low back, or knee, participated in the study. NK cell activity, leukocyte differentiation (granulocytes and lymphocytes), pulse rate, and blood pressure values obtained. Pain intensity was used to analyze NK cell activity, leukocytes (granulocyte counts and granulocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio), and the VAS score in accordance with the location of pain complaints before and after acupuncture treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  NK cell activity decreased after acupuncture treatment for pain in the shoulder-pain and knee-pain groups. Further, the lymphocyte and granulocyte counts increased after acupuncture treatment for the shoulder-pain group. Pulse rate decreased for the shoulder-pain, low-back-pain, and knee-pain groups after acupuncture treatment. The VAS score decreased after acupuncture treatment for the shoulder-pain, low-back-pain, and knee-pain groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed that in older adults, acupuncture treatment decreases pulse rate, relieves pain in the shoulder, low back, and knee, and reduces NK-cell activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health, Faculty of Health Science, Tsukuba University of Technology, Tsukuba 305-0821, Japan.
authors.forename: Hidetoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kuge
authors.forename: Tim Hideaki
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Elichi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Taniwaki
authors.forename: Kazuyo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hanyu
authors.forename: Tateyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Morisawa
mesh_terms: D015670:Acupuncture Therapy; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001794:Blood Pressure; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology*; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D020069:Shoulder Pain / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome