title: Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in human and pet tumours with special reference to breast cancer: a comparative review.
abstract: Tyrosine kinase receptors (TKRs) play a key role in tumour cell proliferation and survival since they are involved in endothelial cell activation leading to tumour neoangiogenesis. In particular, vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs), platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), stem cell factor receptor (c-KitR), and colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1) are overexpressed or constitutively activated in human and pet malignancies. A variety of small molecule inhibitors targeting specific tyrosine kinases (known as tyrosine kinase inhibitors or TKIs) have recently been approved, or are under investigation, for the treatment of human cancer. TKI application in animal cancer is however relatively recent. This review aims to illustrate the major aspects of tyrosine kinase dysfunctions, with special regard to human and animal cancer of the mammary gland, providing an update on the background of the anti-angiogenic and anti-neoplastic properties of TKIs in human and veterinary cancer.
authors.affiliation: Interventional Radiology Unit with Integrated Section of Transational Medical Oncology National Cancer Research Centre, Cancer Institute"Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy. Electronic address: giroran@tiscalinet.it.
authors.forename: Girolamo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ranieri
authors.forename: Marianna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pantaleo
authors.forename: Mariagrazia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Piccinno
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roncetti
authors.forename: Maddalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mutinati
authors.forename: Ilaria
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Marech
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Patruno
authors.forename: Annalisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rizzo
authors.forename: Raffaele Luigi
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Sciorsci
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015674:Mammary Neoplasms, Animal / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases
keywords: Angiogenesis; Bitch; Breast cancer; Comparative oncology; Pets; Queen; Tyrosine kinase inhibitors; Tyrosine kinase receptors; Women