title: Willingness to pay and benefit-cost analysis of modern contraceptives in Nigeria.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the willingness to pay (WTP) and the benefit-cost of modern contraceptives delivered through the public sector in Nigeria.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected from 4517 randomly selected households. The WTP for the 6 major contraceptive methods available in the public sector was elicited. Logistic regression was used to determine whether the decision to state a positive WTP amount was valid; Tobit regression was used to test the validity of the elicited WTP amounts. For each contraceptive, 3 BCR values were computed, based on the official unit price, the unit cost per couple-year of protection (CYP), and the average actual expenditure for contraceptives in the month preceding the interview.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean WTP for the different contraceptives varied by socioeconomic status and geographic (urban versus rural) location (P<0.01). The BCR analysis showed that the benefits of providing contraceptives through the public sector far outweighed the costs, except for female condoms, where the CYP-based BCR was 0.9.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The benefits of providing contraceptives outweigh the costs, making public sector investment worthwhile. The median WTP amounts, which reflect the ideal upper thresholds for pricing, indicate that cost recovery is feasible for all contraceptives.
authors.affiliation: Health Policy Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Obinna
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Onwujekwe
authors.forename: Chinwe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ogbonna
authors.forename: Ogochukwu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ibe
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Uzochukwu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003267:Contraception / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D003270:Contraceptive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000191:economics; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005382:Financing, Personal; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D009549:Nigeria; D017150:Public Sector / Q000191:economics; D012424:Rural Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012923:Social Class; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003270:Contraceptive Agents