title: Navigation with use of intra-operative ultrasound in search for neoplastic lesions of endocrine glands.
abstract: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of intraoperative ultrasonography (IOUS) during operations of endocrine glands tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted in patients who underwent endocrine operation in Department of Endocrine, General and Vascular Surgery, Medical University in Łódź in 2008-2011.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with thyroid cancer recurrences:in study group we managed shorter lesion access time (10 ± 4.47 min vs 16.78 ± 8.9 min; p=0.04). Time of surgery was also shorter in study group (75 ± 30.17 minvs 85,71 ± 38.92 min), but it was not significant (p=0.46). The use of IOUS did not affect the hospitalization time (2.91 ± 1.64 days vs 3 ± 1.66 days; p=0.820), intraoperative blood loss (45.45 ± 105.96 ml vs 40 ± 82.89 ml; p=0.972) and the rate of intraoperative complications (1/11 - 9.09% vs 2/14 - 14.29%; p=1). Patients with primary hyperparathyroidism: the time of surgery (58 ± 22.74 min vs 65 ± 19.6 min; p=0.336) and the lesion access time (13.33 ± 7,94 min vs 17.25 ± 8.19 min; p=0.169) were shorter in study group. Hospitalization time was longer in study group (6.13 ± 5.3 days vs 4.45 ± 4.58 days; p=0.079). The rate of intraoperative complications was higher in study group (3/15 - 20% vs 2/20 - 10%; p=0.631). None of this results were statistically significant (p≤0.05). Patients who underwent open adrenalectomy: in study group we managed significantly shorter time of surgery (70 ± 44.35 min vs 80.12 ± 29.60 min; p=0.033) and shorter lesion access time (12 ± 8.88 min vs 17.37 ± 7.42 min; p=0.045). The use of IOUS did not affect the hospitalization time (5.6 ± 1.65 days vs 6.35 ± 2.38 days; p=0.429), intraoperative blood loss (110 ± 164.65 ml vs 172.5 ± 226.35 ml; p=0.442) and rate of intraoperative complications (0/10 vs 1/40; p=1). Patients who underwent videoscopicadrenalectomy: in study group we managed to get shortertime of surgery (89.44 ± 27.11 min vs 109.12 ± 33.88 min; p=0.034) and shorter lesion access time (28.61 ± 14.93 min vs 45.98 ± 20.44 min; p=0.002). Intraoperative blood loss was also significantly lower in study group (86.11 ± 157 ml vs 169.27 ± 201.04 ml; p=0.037). The use of IOUS did not affect the hospitalization time (4.39 ± 3.27 days vs 3.83 ± 3.67 days; p=0.227), the rate of intraoperative complications (0/18 vs. 2/41; p=1) and the conversion rate (2/20-10% vs. 5/46- 10.87%; p=1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  1.During adrenalectomies this technique facilitates finding the pathological lesion shortening the time of access to the tumor and procedure duration. 2. IOUS is useful for determining the tumor relationship with the surrounding anatomical structures. 3. IOUS isa useful technique in the assessment of adrenal tumor infiltration of vena cava. 4. The use of IOUS allows the surgeon to assess anatomical relationships in the real time, after incision and retraction of tissues. 5. During operations of thyroid cancer recurrences using this technique makes easier to find a lesion in the operated area and it is possible to asses radical of surgery. 6. The use of IOUS allows to find pathological parathyroid glands inside thyroid gland. 7. IOUS is useful in the detection of thyroid pathology during parathyroidectomy.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sopiński
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kuzdak
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D000310:Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D000315:Adrenalectomy / Q000379:methods; D004701:Endocrine Gland Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D061646:Operative Time; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014463:Ultrasonography