title: Serum 8-OHdG and HIF-1α levels: do they affect the development of malignancy in patients with hypoactive thyroid nodules?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to evaluate 8-OHdG and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1α) levels in patients with hypoactive thyroid nodules (toxic multi-nodular goiter, Graves' disease, and Hashimoto's thyroiditis), as these parameters may be related to oxidative stress and the pathogenesis of cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included patients diagnosed with Graves' disease (n = 20), toxic multinodular goiter (n = 20), and Hashimoto thyroiditis (n = 20), and 20 healthy controls. HIF-1α levels were measured in blood samples and 8-OHdG levels were measured in urine - both via ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HIF-1α and 8-OHdG levels were significantly higher in the patient groups than in the control group (p < 0.05). In the Hashimoto's thyroiditis patients a correlation was observed between 8-OHdG and thyroglobulin antibodies (p = 0.03). A significant relation was found between 8-OHdG and HIF-1α in the patient group (p < 0.01). Carcinoma was detected in 7 of 43 female patients, but not in any of the male patients. No difference was observed in 8-OHdG or HIF-1α levels between the patients with and without papillary carcinoma (p > 0.05). There was no significant difference in 8-OHdG or HIF-1α levels between the patients with biopsy results that were benign, malignant, and non-diagnostic (p > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum HIF-1α and urine 8-OHdG levels were significantly higher in the patients with thyroid diseases; however, a relationship with cancer was not observed.
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Metabolism Disease, Ege University Medical School, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Harman
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ece
authors.forename: Erdogan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mehmet
authors.forename: Biray Avci
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Cigir
authors.forename: Dodurga
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yavuz
authors.forename: Karadeniz
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Muammer
authors.forename: Gunduz
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cumhur
authors.forename: Harman
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mustafa
authors.forename: Cetinkalp
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sevki
authors.forename: Saygılı
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fusun
authors.forename: Ozgen Ahmet
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Gokhan
keywords: 8-OHdG; HIF-1α; hypoactive thyroid nodule