title: Advances in the management of recurrent endometrial cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Endometrial carcinoma is the most common malignancy of the female reproductive tract. Although most cases are diagnosed at an early stage, endometrial carcinoma carries a poor prognosis when it recurs after previous definitive treatment or when diagnosed at an advanced stage. The purpose of this review is to summarize the contemporary management of recurrent endometrial carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  A literature review was conducted on the management of advanced, recurrent, or metastatic endometrial cancer to determine the best evidence to support the roles of surgery, radiation, and medical therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Radiation therapy (RT) has a role in the treatment of a local or regional recurrence, especially in the patient who has not had prior RT. For selected patients who experience a loco-regional recurrence and who have been treated with RT, pelvic exenteration may be an option. Those patients with metastatic disease are not curable and should be considered for palliative chemotherapy. The data support the use of carboplatin and paclitaxel as an acceptable alternative to cisplatin-based regimens. For women who progress after first-line treatment, the options are limited. Current clinical trials are evaluating the role of angiogenesis inhibitors and molecularly targeted therapy (including the mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors and multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors) with the aim of identifying other novel agents that can be exploited for treatment of advanced disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The treatment of women with advanced, recurrent, or metastatic endometrial cancer represents an unmet need in oncology. Robust clinical trials are required to explore how to improve on therapy. The incorporation of molecularly targeted agents has the potential to improve outcomes for women who require treatment in both the first-line and second-line settings.
authors.affiliation: Departments of *Obstetrics-Gynecology †Medicine, Gillette Center for Gynecologic Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Leslie S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Bradford
authors.forename: Jose Alejandro
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Rauh-Hain
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schorge
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Birrer
authors.forename: Don S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Dizon
mesh_terms: D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*