title: Global health opportunities within pediatric subspecialty fellowship training programs: surveying the virtual landscape.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is growing interest in global health among medical trainees. Medical schools and residencies are responding to this trend by offering global health opportunities within their programs. Among United States (US) graduating pediatric residents, 40% choose to subspecialize after residency training. There is limited data, however, regarding global health opportunities within traditional post-residency, subspecialty fellowship training programs. The objectives of this study were to explore the availability and type of global health opportunities within Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)-accredited pediatric subspecialty fellowship training programs, as noted by their online report, and to document change in these opportunities over time.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors performed a systematic online review of ACGME-accredited fellowship training programs within a convenience sample of six US pediatric subspecialties. Utilizing two data sources, the American Medical Association-Fellowship and Residency Electronic Interactive Database Access (AMA-FREIDA) and individual program websites, all programs were coded for global health opportunities and opportunity types were stratified into predefined categories. Comparisons were made between 2008 and 2011 using Fisher exact test. All analyses were conducted using SAS Software v. 9.3 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 355 and 360 programs reviewed in 2008 and 2011 respectively, there was an increase in total number of programs listing global health opportunities on AMA-FREIDA (16% to 23%, p=0.02) and on individual program websites (8% to 16%, p=0.004). Nearly all subspecialties had an increased percentage of programs offering global health opportunities on both data sources; although only critical care experienced a significant increase (p=0.04, AMA-FREIDA). The types of opportunities differed across all subspecialties.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Global health opportunities among ACGME-accredited pediatric subspecialty fellowship programs are limited, but increasing as noted by their online report. The availability and types of these opportunities differ by pediatric subspecialty.
authors.affiliation: Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, USA. Cinnamon.dixon@cchmc.org
authors.forename: Cinnamon A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Dixon
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Castillo
authors.forename: Heidi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Castillo
authors.forename: Katherine A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Hom
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schubert
mesh_terms: D000068:Accreditation; D004503:Education, Medical, Graduate / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005257:Fellowships and Scholarships / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014943:Global Health / Q000193:education* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000193:education*