title: Metabolomic profiling analysis reveals chamber-dependent metabolite patterns in the mouse heart.
abstract: Energy of the cardiac muscle largely depends on fatty acid oxidation. It is known that the atrium and ventricle have chamber-specific functions, structures, gene expressions, and pathologies. The left ventricle works as a high-pressure chamber to pump blood toward the body, and its muscle wall is thicker than those of the other chambers, suggesting that energy utilization in each of the chambers should be different. However, a chamber-specific pattern of metabolism remains incompletely understood. Recently, innovative techniques have enabled the comprehensive analysis of metabolites. Therefore, we aimed to clarify differences in metabolic patterns among the chambers. Male C57BL6 mice at 6 wk old were subject to a comprehensive measurement of metabolites in the atria and ventricles by capillary electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. We found that overall metabolic profiles, including nucleotides and amino acids, were similar between the right and left ventricles. On the other hand, the atria exhibited a distinct metabolic pattern from those of the ventricles. Importantly, the high-energy phosphate pool (the total concentration of ATP, ADP, and AMP) was higher in both ventricles. In addition, the levels of lactate, acetyl CoA, and tricarboxylic acid cycle contents were higher in the ventricles. Accordingly, the activities and/or expression levels of key enzymes were higher in the ventricles to produce more energy. The present study provides a basis for understanding the chamber-specific metabolism underlining pathophysiology in the heart.
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan;
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shimura
authors.forename: Gaku
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nakai
authors.forename: Qibin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Jiao
authors.forename: Kota
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Osanai
authors.forename: Kasumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kashikura
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.forename: Tomoyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Soga
authors.forename: Nobuhito
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Goda
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Minamisawa
mesh_terms: D000227:Adenine Nucleotides / Q000378:metabolism; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D016275:Atrial Function; D015153:Blotting, Western; D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000378:metabolism; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000378:metabolism*; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D019289:Pyruvic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; D016276:Ventricular Function
chemical_list: D000227:Adenine Nucleotides; D000596:Amino Acids; D005227:Fatty Acids; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019344:Lactic Acid; D019289:Pyruvic Acid
keywords: chamber specific; comprehesive analysis; energy production; lactate