title: The results of closed intramedullary nailing for intra-articular distal tibial fractures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the long-term radiological, clinical, and functional result of the intramedullary nailing in intra-articular distal tibia fractures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective clinical study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Level II Trauma Hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between December 2000 and December 2006, 185 consecutive intra-articular distal tibia fractures were admitted in our institution. Fifty fractures were included in the study. According to the OTA classification, there were 28 (56%) fractures type 43 C1 and 22 (44%) type 43 C2.
  
  
  METHODS
  All fractures were treated with closed static intramedullary nailing with distal locking. In 37 (74%) patients, reduction of the articular extension of the fracture with additional internal fixation preceded the nailing. Fibula fixation was applied in 32 (64%) fractures. Routine dynamization of the fixation was performed in all cases at a mean time of 10 weeks postoperatively.
  
  
  METHODS
  The mean follow-up was 42 months (range: 36-54 months). Leg length, tibia alignment, articular reduction, and ankle arthrosis were assessed radiographically. The clinical outcome was assessed using the Olerud-Molander score. The functional limitation was assessed using the musculoskeletal functional assessment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All fractures healed at an average of 16.3 weeks (range: 14-28 weeks). Anatomic reduction of the articular surface was obtained in all fractures. The average coronal plane deformity was 0.74 degree (range: 0-4 degrees) and the average sagittal plane deformity was 0.62 degree (range, 0-4 degrees). The mean Olerud-Molander score was 92.8/100 (range: 80-100). The average short musculoskeletal function assessment score was 34.55 ± 31.88 (range: 0.8-96).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intramedullary nailing augmented with minimal internal fixation is a safe alternative for the treatment of distal tibial fractures with a simple articular extension. Because all objectives of the treatment were obtained, the results did not deteriorate over time.
  
  
  METHODS
  Therapeutic level IV. See instructions for authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic Department, Argos General Hospital, Argos, Greece.
authors.forename: Dimitris L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Katsenis
authors.forename: Dimitris
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Begkas
authors.forename: Giannis
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Spiliopoulos
authors.forename: Dimitris
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stamoulis
authors.forename: Kostas
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pogiatzis
mesh_terms: D016512:Ankle Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D005594:Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D057072:Intra-Articular Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013978:Tibial Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome