title: Complete conversion of major protopanaxadiol ginsenosides to compound K by the combined use of α-L-arabinofuranosidase and β-galactosidase from Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus and β-glucosidase from Sulfolobus acidocaldarius.
abstract: The ginsenoside compound K has pharmaceutical activities, including anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, and hepatoprotective effects. To increase the production of compound K, the α-L-arabinofuranoside-hydrolyzing α-L-arabinofuranosidase (CS-abf) and/or the α-L-arabinopyranoside-hydrolyzing β-galactosidase from Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus (CS-bgal) were mixed with the β-D-glucopyranoside-hydrolyzing β-glucosidase from Sulfolobus acidocaldarius (SA-bglu). The optimum conditions for the production of ginsenoside compound K from ginsenoside Rc or Rb₂, or from major protopanaxadiol ginsenosides in ginseng root extract were determined to be pH 6.0 and 75°C with 8 mg ml⁻¹ ginsenoside Rc, 8 mg ml⁻¹ Rb₂, or 10% (w/v) ginseng root extract; and 10.5 U ml⁻¹ CS-abf or CS-bgal supplemented with 4.5 U ml⁻¹ SA-bglu, or 10.5 U ml⁻¹ CS-abf and 10.5 U ml⁻¹ CS-bgal supplemented with 4.5 U ml⁻¹ SA-bglu, respectively. Under optimum conditions, ginsenosides Rc and Rb2, and major protopanaxadiol ginsenosides in ginseng root extract were completely converted to compound K after 12, 14, and 20 h, respectively, with the respective productivities of 388, 328, and 144 mg l⁻¹ h⁻¹. This is the first report of the complete conversion of major protopanaxadiol ginsenosides to compound K.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung-Chul
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Hye-Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Baek-Joong
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Deok-Kun
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Oh
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D006026:Glycoside Hydrolases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics; D005894:Panax; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D018517:Plant Roots; D012502:Sapogenins; D001616:beta-Galactosidase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D001617:beta-Glucosidase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D036145:Ginsenosides; D006026:Glycoside Hydrolases; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012502:Sapogenins; D001616:beta-Galactosidase; D001617:beta-Glucosidase; C044462:ginsenoside Rc; C048026:ginsenoside Rb2; C112772:ginsenoside compound K; C019713:alpha-N-arabinofuranosidase; C062916:protopanaxadiol
keywords: Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus; Compound K; Sulfolobus acidocaldarius; α-l-Arabinofuranosidase; β-Galactosidase; β-Glucosidase