title: Accumulation of soil-borne aluminium, iron, manganese and zinc in plants cultivated in the region of Moanda (Gabon) and nutritional characteristics of the edible parts harvested.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In central Africa, studies on the transfer of metals from soil to food crops, the composition of foods and the dietary intake of cultivated vegetables are scarce. In this study, aluminium (Al), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) transfer from naturally (pedogeochemically) contaminated soils into ten edible plants and human exposure to these metals via edible parts of the plants were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The fertility of the soils studied was still satisfactory. Soil Al (33,029-40,031 mg kg(-1)), Fe (20,869 ± 1124 mg kg(-1)) and Zn (248.3 ± 37.9 mg kg(-1)) concentrations were consistent with those found in agricultural soils, but Mn concentrations were above those normally encountered in arable fields (10,000 mg kg(-1)). The results indicated a substantial accumulation of Fe in red roselle leaves and of Al, Mn and Zn in some leafy plants and okra (fruits). The present study highlights that adults consuming vegetables grown on naturally Mn-rich soils ingest significant amounts of Al, Mn and Zn. However, Zn amounts were below the recommended maximum tolerable levels for hazard risk.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study indicated that Al and Mn accumulation in food crops cultivated in the Moanda area of Gabon may represent a health hazard. However, the high levels of Zn in vegetables could be a pathway for Zn supplementation in human nutrition to reduce Zn deficiency in developing countries.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Pluridisciplinaire des Sciences de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, Libreville, Gabon. laplus_ens@yahoo.fr
authors.forename: Jean Aubin
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ondo
authors.forename: Richard Menye
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Biyogo
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Eba
authors.forename: Pascale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Prudent
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fotio
authors.forename: Magloire
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ollui-Mboulou
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Omva-Zue
mesh_terms: D028483:Abelmoschus / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D000535:Aluminum / Q000378:metabolism; D018556:Crops, Agricultural / Q000378:metabolism*; D003677:Deficiency Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D004032:Diet; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D005681:Gabon; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism; D008345:Manganese / Q000378:metabolism; D008670:Metals / Q000378:metabolism*; D009753:Nutritive Value; D018514:Plant Structures / Q000378:metabolism*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism*; D014675:Vegetables / Q000378:metabolism*; D015032:Zinc / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D008670:Metals; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D008345:Manganese; D000535:Aluminum; D007501:Iron; D015032:Zinc