title: The effect of handle design on upper extremity posture and muscle activity during a pouring task.
abstract: In this study, the effect of container handle parameters on shoulder and upper limb muscle activity and joint posture during a pouring task is investigated. Results indicated that a low handle position and a vertical handle slope minimised the loading of the shoulder muscles. A high and sloped handle minimised the muscle activity and wrist deviation of the lower arm. The effects of diameter were not significant for most dependent variables during the lifting phase of the task; however, beneficial effects were seen with the smallest handle diameter during the pouring phase. A trade-off existed between the shoulder and the hand/wrist posture with the different handles. The findings of significance with relatively small effect size suggest a high sensitivity of the system to any changes. In the real world, speed, space and work conditions are important factors that influence how a task is performed. This emphasises the importance of proper handle design.
  In this study, the effect of container handle design on the muscle activity and postures of the upper extremity during a pouring task were analyzed using the experimental data collected from electromyography and motion tracking systems. The low handle height and vertical handle slope design yielded the lowest shoulder muscle activity.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Industrial Engineering , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , NC , 2769 , USA.
authors.forename: Chad
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Uy
authors.forename: Chien-Chi
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Nils
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fallentin
authors.forename: Raymond W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: McGorry
authors.forename: Simon M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hsiang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004551:Elbow Joint / Q000502:physiology; D004576:Electromyography; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology*; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000502:physiology; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D034941:Upper Extremity / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult