title: Advance in dietary polyphenols as α-glucosidases inhibitors: a review on structure-activity relationship aspect.
abstract: The dietary polyphenols as α-glucosidases inhibitors have attracted great interest among researchers. The aim of this review is to give an overview of the research reports on the structure-activity relationship of dietary polyphenols inhibiting α-glucosidases. The molecular structures that influence the inhibition are the following: (1) The hydroxylation and galloylation of flavonoids including catechins improve the inhibitory activity. (2) The glycosylation of hyroxyl group and hydrogenation of the C2=C3 double bond on flavonoids weaken the inhibition. (3) However, cyaniding glycosides show higher inhibition against than cyanidin. Proanthocyanidins oligomers exhibit a stronger inhibitory activity than their polymers. (4) The hydroxylation on B ring and the glycosylation of stilbenes reduce the inhibitory activity. (5) Caffeoylquinic acids display strong inhibition against α-glucosidases. However, hydroxycinnamic acid, ferulic acid, and gallic acid hardly inhibited α-glucosidases. (6) The coupled galloyl structures attached to C-3 and C-6 of the 4C(1) glucose core of ellagitanin gave basic inhibitory activity. (7) The mono-glycosylation of chalcones slightly lowers the inhibition. However, the diglycosylation of chalcones significantly decreased the activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Rd., Shanghai 200234, China. jianboxiao@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Jianbo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Guoyin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kai
authors.forename: Koichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Xiaoqing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D002392:Catechin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D002599:Chalcone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D003373:Coumaric Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D004032:Diet; D065089:Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors; D006031:Glycosylation; D006801:Humans; D006865:Hydrogenation; D006900:Hydroxylation; D008745:Methylation; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry*; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013634:Tannins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D000520:alpha-Glucosidases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D003373:Coumaric Acids; D065089:Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors; D059808:Polyphenols; D044945:Proanthocyanidins; D013267:Stilbenes; D013634:Tannins; D002599:Chalcone; C017154:cyanidin; D002392:Catechin; D000520:alpha-Glucosidases