title: PLGA microspheres by Supercritical Emulsion Extraction: a study on insulin release in myoblast culture.
abstract: Supercritical Emulsion Extraction in a Continuous operation layout is proposed for the production of poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) microspheres loaded with insulin, selected as a model of bioactive signal. Microspheres with different mean sizes of 2 μm (±0.9 μm) and 3 μm (±2.2 μm) and insulin loadings of 3 and 6 mg/g were obtained by processing different water-oil-water emulsions; an encapsulation efficiency of about 60% w/w was measured in all cases. Insulin release profiles from PLGA microspheres were also characterized in two different media (Phosphate-Buffered Saline and Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium) and kinetic constants were estimated by using a model proposed in literature. The produced microspheres were, then, used for the cultivation of rat embryonic ventricular myoblasts in a serum-free medium to monitor the biological effect of the released insulin. The best cell viability and proliferation, supported by released insulin, was monitored when microspheres with mean size of 3 μm loaded with 3 mg/g of insulin were added.
authors.affiliation: a Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale , Università di Salerno , via Ponte don Melillo 1 , 84084 , Fisciano , SA , Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Della Porta
authors.forename: Nunzia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Falco
authors.forename: Emanuele
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Giordano
authors.forename: Ernesto
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Reverchon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003470:Culture Media; D004655:Emulsions; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4 / Q000378:metabolism; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D042541:Intracellular Space / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008863:Microspheres; D032446:Myoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D004655:Emulsions; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D007328:Insulin; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D005947:Glucose