title: Regional heterogeneity of endothelial cells in the porcine vortex vein system.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate whether region-dependent endothelial heterogeneity is present within the porcine vortex vein system.
  
  
  METHODS
  The superior temporal vortex vein in young adult pig eyes were dissected out and cannulated. The intact vortex vein system down to the choroidal veins was then perfused with labels for f-actin and nucleic acid. The endothelial cells within the choroidal veins, pre-ampulla, anterior portion of the ampulla, mid-ampulla, posterior portion of the ampulla, post-ampulla, intra-scleral canal and the extra-ocular vortex vein regions were studied in detail using a confocal microscopy technique. The endothelial cell and nuclei length, width, area and perimeter were measured and compared between the different regions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant regional differences in the endothelial cell and nuclei length, width, area and perimeter were observed throughout the porcine vortex vein system. Most notably, very narrow and elongated endothelia were found in the post-ampulla region. A lack of smooth muscle cells was noted in the ampulla region compared to other regions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Heterogeneity in endothelial cell morphology is present throughout the porcine vortex vein system and there is a lack of smooth muscle cells in the ampulla region. This likely reflects the highly varied haemodynamic conditions and potential blood flow control mechanisms in different regions of the vortex vein system.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Lions Eye Institute, 2 Verdun Street, Nedlands, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia. priscilla.ez.tan@gmail.com
authors.forename: Priscilla Ern Zhi
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Paula K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Cringle
authors.forename: William H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: Dao-Yi
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D001158:Arteries; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D015820:Cadherins / Q000378:metabolism; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D002829:Choroid / Q000098:blood supply*; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D006439:Hemodynamics; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D023421:Models, Animal; D033081:Shear Strength; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013552:Swine; D014680:Veins / Q000473:pathology*; D000099152:Cadherin 5
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D015820:Cadherins; D000099152:Cadherin 5
keywords: ITVV; STVV; inferior temporal vortex vein; superior temporal vortex vein