title: Comparative effectiveness of surfactant preparations in premature infants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare effectiveness of 3 surfactant preparations (beractant, calfactant, and poractant alfa) in premature infants for preventing 3 outcomes: (1) air leak syndromes; (2) death; and (3) bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) or death (composite outcome).
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a comparative effectiveness study of premature infants admitted to 322 neonatal intensive care units in the US from 2005-2010 who were treated with beractant, calfactant, or poractant alfa. We compared the incidence of air leak syndromes, death, and BPD or death, adjusting for gestational age (GA), antenatal steroids, discharge year, and small for GA status.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 51282 infants received surfactant; 40% received beractant, 30% calfactant, and 30% poractant alfa. Median birth weight was 1435 g (IQR 966-2065); median GA was 30 weeks (27-33). On adjusted analysis, we observed a similar risk of air leak syndromes (calfactant vs beractant OR = 1.17 [95% CI: 0.95, 1.43]; calfactant vs poractant OR = 1.23 [0.98, 1.56]; beractant vs poractant OR = 1.06 [0.87, 1.29]), death (calfactant vs beractant OR = 1.14 [0.93, 1.39]; calfactant vs poractant OR = 0.98 [0.78, 1.23]; beractant vs poractant OR = 0.86 [0.72, 1.04]), and BPD or death (calfactant vs beractant OR = 1.08 [0.93, 1.26]; calfactant vs poractant OR = 1.19 [1.00, 1.41]; beractant vs poractant OR = 1.10 [0.96, 1.27]).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Beractant, calfactant, and poractant alfa demonstrated similar effectiveness in prevention of air leak syndromes, death, and BPD or death in premature infants when adjusted for site. Previously described differences in mortality between surfactants likely do not represent true differences in effectiveness but may relate to site variation in outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Trembath
authors.forename: Christoph P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Hornik
authors.forename: Reese
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: P Brian
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Daniels
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Laughon
mesh_terms: D001688:Biological Products / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001724:Birth Weight; D001997:Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia / Q000517:prevention & control; D057186:Comparative Effectiveness Research; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000628:therapy; D015931:Intensive Care, Neonatal / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D015233:Models, Statistical; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011663:Pulmonary Surfactants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012127:Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn / Q000628:therapy*; D012306:Risk; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001688:Biological Products; D010743:Phospholipids; D011663:Pulmonary Surfactants; C068291:poractant alfa; C117342:calfactant; C072197:beractant
keywords: BPD; Bronchopulmonary dysplasia; GA; Gestational age; NICU; Neonatal intensive care unit; RDS; Respiratory distress syndrome