title: Stress-induced negative mood moderates the relation between oxytocin administration and trust: evidence for the tend-and-befriend response to stress?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent evidence suggests that oxytocin, a nonapeptide posited to underlie the affiliation-related "tend-and-befriend" behavioral response to stress (Taylor et al., 2000), may improve interpersonal functioning by facilitating the acquisition of social support during times of distress. The assertion, however, has not been explicitly tested in humans. Thus, we examined whether the effect of oxytocin on self-perceived trust is magnified in individuals who experienced higher ratings of negative mood following social rejection.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a double-blind experiment, 100 students (50 ♀) were subject to a live social rejection paradigm following random assignment to either a 24 IU intranasal oxytocin or placebo administration. Mood and self-perceived trust were measured following social rejection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multiple regression and simple slope analysis revealed that oxytocin administration increased self-perceived trust relative to placebo in participants reporting a negative mood response following social rejection [b=4.245, t(96)=3.10, p=.003], but not in those whose mood state was euthymic.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrate that oxytocin may promote the acquisition of social support in times of distress by increasing self-perceived trust. The findings provide empirical support that oxytocin promotes an affiliation-related behavioral response to stress, consistent with the tend-and-befriend theory.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Research in Human Development, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ellenbogen
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Serravalle
authors.forename: Anne-Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Linnen
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010121:Oxytocin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010555:Personality Inventory; D012929:Psychological Distance; D012649:Self Concept; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology*; D035502:Trust / Q000523:psychology*
chemical_list: D009479:Neuropeptides; D010121:Oxytocin
keywords: Intranasal oxytocin; Negative mood; Social rejection; Tend-and-befriend; Trust, Self-perception; Yale Interpersonal Stressor