title: An outlook on chlorogenic acids-occurrence, chemistry, technology, and biological activities.
abstract: Phenolics are widespread dietary antioxidants. Among these, chlorogenic acids (CGAs) received considerable attention for their wide distribution and part of human diet with potential biological effects. CGAs (71 compounds), being esters of derivatives of cinnamic acids with quinic acid are widely distributed in plant materials. Coffee is among the highest found in plants, ranging from 4 to 14%. Besides, these are reported in plant foods such as apples, pears, carrot, tomato, sweet potato, Phyllostachys edulis, oilseeds, Prunus domestica L, cherries, and eggplant. The traditional Chinese medicinal plants such as flowers and buds of Lonicera japonica Thunb and the leaves of Eucommia ulmodies contained CGAs as bioactive compound. These play an important role in the formation of roasted coffee flavor and have a marked influence on coffee cup quality. CGAs are considered as main precursors of coffee flavor and pigments. Recent technological advancements in the separation and purification of CGAs such as molecular-imprinted polymer technique; microwave-assisted extraction; pH gradient counter current chromatography has also been described. The consumption of coffee correlated to several health benefits such as reducing the risk of human chronic diseases such as inflammation, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease owing to its antioxidant potential.
authors.affiliation: Plantation Products, Spices and Flavour Technology Department, Central Food Technological Research Institute A constituent laboratory of Council of Scientific Industrial Research, New Delhi, India, Mysore, Karnataka 570020, India.
authors.forename: Rohit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Upadhyay
authors.forename: L Jagan
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Mohan Rao
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis; D001628:Beverages / Q000032:analysis; D032701:Biomimetics / Q000379:methods; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002934:Cinnamates / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D003069:Coffee / Q000737:chemistry; D004032:Diet; D031283:Eucommiaceae / Q000737:chemistry; D035264:Flowers / Q000737:chemistry; D005511:Food Handling; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D031239:Lonicera / Q000737:chemistry; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry; D006109:Poaceae / Q000737:chemistry; D011801:Quinic Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D012677:Sensation / Q000502:physiology; D014675:Vegetables / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002934:Cinnamates; D003069:Coffee; D010636:Phenols; D011801:Quinic Acid; C029010:cinnamic acid; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid