title: Role of the nuclear xenobiotic receptors CAR and PXR in induction of cytochromes P450 by non-dioxinlike polychlorinated biphenyls in cultured rat hepatocytes.
abstract: Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are among the most ubiquitously detectable 'persistent organic pollutants'. In contrast to 'dioxinlike' (DL) PCBs, less is known about the molecular mode of action of the larger group of the 'non-dioxinlike' (NDL) PCBs. Owing to the life-long exposure of the human population, a carcinogenic, i.e., tumor-promoting potency of NDL-PCBs has to be considered in human risk assessment. A major problem in risk assessment of NDL-PCBs is dioxin-like impurities that can occur in commercially available NDL-PCB standards. In the present study, we analyzed the induction of CYP2B1 and CYP3A1 in primary rat hepatocytes using a number of highly purified NDL-PCBs with various degrees of chlorination and substitution patterns. Induction of these enzymes is mediated by the nuclear xenobiotic receptors CAR (Constitutive androstane receptor) and PXR (Pregnane X receptor). For CYP2B1 induction, concentration-response analysis revealed a very narrow window of EC50 estimates, being in the range of 1-4μM for PCBs 28 and 52, and between 0.4 and 1μM for PCBs 101, 138, 153 and 180. CYP3A1 induction was less sensitive to NDL-PCBs, the most pronounced induction being achieved at 100μM with the higher chlorinated congeners. Using okadaic acid and small interfering RNAs targeting CAR and PXR, we could demonstrate that CAR plays a major role and PXR a minor role in NDL-PCB-driven induction of CYPs, both effects showing no stringent structure-activity relationship. As the only obvious relevant determinant, the degree of chlorination was found to be positively correlated with the inducing potency of the congeners.
authors.affiliation: University of Kaiserslautern, Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Erwin-Schroedinger-Str. 52, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
authors.forename: Maike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gährs
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Roos
authors.forename: Patrik L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.forename: Dieter
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schrenk
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001667:Binding, Competitive / Q000187:drug effects; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D000090702:Constitutive Androstane Receptor; D019362:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B1 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A / Q000096:biosynthesis; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D004790:Enzyme Induction / Q000187:drug effects; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D019319:Okadaic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000633:toxicity*; D000077297:Pregnane X Receptor; D061251:Primary Cell Culture; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000187:drug effects*; D011987:Receptors, Steroid / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000090702:Constitutive Androstane Receptor; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D000077297:Pregnane X Receptor; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D011987:Receptors, Steroid; D019319:Okadaic Acid; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls; C465138:Cyp3a23-3a1 protein, rat; D019362:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B1; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A
keywords: CAR; CYP; Constitutive androstane receptor; Cytochrome P450; DL; Dex; NDL; OA; PB; PCBs; PXR; Polychlorinated biphenyls; Pregnane X receptor; Small interfering RNA; constitutive androstane receptor; cytochrome P450; dexamethasone; dioxinlike; non-dioxinlike; okadaic acid; phenobarbital; polychlorinated biphenyls; pregnane X receptor; siRNA; small interfering RNA