title: TIE-DYE: a combinatorial marking system to visualize and genetically manipulate clones during development in Drosophila melanogaster.
abstract: Two types of information are particularly valuable in understanding the development of a tissue or an organ from a small population of founder cells. First, it is useful to know the composition of the final structure in terms the contribution of individual founder cells. Second, it is important to understand cell-cell interactions. To facilitate the study of both of these aspects of organ development at a tissue-wide level, we have developed a method, TIE-DYE, that allows simultaneous lineage tracing of multiple cell populations as well as the genetic manipulation of a subset of these populations. Seven uniquely marked categories of cells are produced by site-directed recombination of three independent cassettes. We have used the TIE-DYE method to estimate the number of founder cells that give rise to the wing-imaginal disc during normal development and following compensatory growth caused by X-ray irradiation of the founder cells. We also show that four out of the seven types of marked clones can be genetically manipulated by gene overexpression or RNAi knockdown, allowing an assessment of the consequences of these manipulations on the entire wing disc. We demonstrate the utility of this system in studying the consequences of alterations in growth, patterning and cell-cell affinity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3200, USA.
authors.forename: Melanie I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Worley
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Setiawan
authors.forename: Iswar K
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Hariharan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D030801:Animals, Genetically Modified; D019521:Body Patterning / Q000235:genetics; D019070:Cell Lineage / Q000235:genetics*; D002999:Clone Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development*; D005260:Female; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D005821:Genetic Techniques; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D060227:Imaginal Discs / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics; D014921:Wings, Animal / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development; D000097573:Red Fluorescent Protein
chemical_list: D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000097573:Red Fluorescent Protein; C557617:GAL4 protein, Drosophila
keywords: Drosophila; Imaginal disc; Multicolor lineage technique