title: Protective effect of rutin on the antioxidant genes expression in hypercholestrolemic male Westar rat.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  High-cholesterol diet (HCD) increases the oxidative stress in different tissues leading to many diseases. Rutin (RT) is a natural flavonoid (vitamin p), which possesses an antioxidant activity with protective potential. The present study aimed to examine the potential effects of rutin on hypercholesterolemia-induced hepatotoxicity in rat.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: GI) control (Rat chow), GII) Rutin (0.2% in rat chow), GIII) HCD (1% cholesterol and 0.5% cholic acid in rat chow) and GIV) rutin (0.2%) + HCD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rutin in combination with HCD induced a significant protective effect against the hepatotoxicity by reducing the plasma level of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). The HCD (GII) showed a decrease in glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and increase in glutathione S transferase α (GSTα), sulfiredoxin-1(Srx1), glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) and paraoxonase-1(PON-1) genes expression levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment with rutin reversed all the altered genes induced by HCD nearly to the control levels. The present study concluded that the HCD feedings altered the expression levels of some genes involved in the oxidative stress pathway resulting in DNA damage and hepatotoxicity. Rutin have a hepatoprotective effect through the mechanism of enhancing the antioxidant effect via amelioration of oxidative stress genes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Salem S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Al-Rejaie
authors.forename: Abdulaziz M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Aleisa
authors.forename: Mohamed M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Sayed-Ahmed
authors.forename: Othman A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Al-Shabanah
authors.forename: Hatem M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Abuohashish
authors.forename: Mohammed M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: Khaled A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Al-Hosaini
authors.forename: Mohamed M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Hafez
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012431:Rutin / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D020011:Protective Agents; D012431:Rutin; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; C119995:glutathione S-transferase alpha; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase