title: A new endoscopically implantable device (SatiSphere) for treatment of obesity--efficacy, safety, and metabolic effects on glucose, insulin, and GLP-1 levels.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The endoluminal mechanical device SatiSphere is a new endoscopically implantable device designed to delay transit time of nutrients through the duodenum. It consists of a 1-mm nitinol wire with pigtail ends and several mesh spheres mounted along its course, released in the duodenum and gastric antrum to conform to the duodenal C loop configuration and thereby self-anchor.
  
  
  METHODS
  The objective is to test the safety, efficacy, and effect on body weight in a 2:1 randomized study, as well as incretin secretion in a subgroup.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 31 included cases (11 men, mean age 42.9 years, mean BMI 41.3 kg/m2), 21 patients treated with endoscopic device insertion with scheduled device removal after 3 months were compared with 10 controls. In 10 of 21 patients, device migration occurred, in two cases necessitating emergency surgery, which led to termination of the trial. Weight loss after 3 months was 6.7, 4.6, and 2.2 kg in the groups completing therapy, all treatment cases using intention to treat (ITT) analysis and controls. Excess weight loss was significantly increased by endoluminal mechanical device insertion (18.4, 12.2, and 4.4% in completers, ITT analysis group and controls; p = 0.02 for completers vs. controls). Measuring glucose, insulin, and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) following a mixed-meal test with the device in place and after removal (n = 7), the device delayed glucose absorption and insulin secretion and altered kinetics in GLP-1 levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The device might be short-term effective in reducing body weight, which might be mediated through alterations in incretin metabolism. However, frequent device migration necessitates device modifications.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sauer
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rösch
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pezold
authors.forename: Franziska
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Reining
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Anders
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Groth
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schachschal
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Mann
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aberle
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D020878:Device Removal / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004386:Duodenum; D004435:Eating; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005548:Foreign-Body Migration / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D054795:Incretins / Q000378:metabolism; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood*; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D054795:Incretins; D007328:Insulin; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1