title: Comparative pharmacokinetics of swertiamarin in rats after oral administration of swertiamarin alone, Qing Ye Dan tablets and co-administration of swertiamarin and oleanolic acid.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Qing Ye Dan is a well-known herbal drug that is widely used to treat viral hepatitis in the Yi and Hani minority regions in the Yunnan province of China.
  
  
  METHODS
  An LC-MS/MS method was developed to determine the levels of swertiamarin in rat plasma. Swertiamarin and naringin (internal standard, IS) were extracted from rat plasma using solid-phase extraction (SPE) to purify the samples. The pharmacokinetics of the following different administration methods of swertiamarin in rats were studied: oral administration of swertiamarin alone, a Qing Ye Dan tablet (QYDT) and co-administration of swertiamarin and oleanolic acid, with each method delivering approximately 20mg/kg of swertiamarin. Non-compartmental pharmacokinetic profiles were constructed by using the software DAS (version 2.1.1), and the pharmacokinetic parameters were compared using an unpaired Student's t-test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that the pharmacokinetic parameters Cmax, AUC0-∞, Vz/F and CLz/F were significantly different (P<0.05) among the three types of swertiamarin administration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data indicate that oleanolic acid and the other ingredients present in QYDT could affect the pharmacokinetic behaviour of swertiamarin in rats.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering and Technology of Tianjin University, 92 Wei-Jin Road, Tianjin 300072, PR China.
authors.forename: Gui-li
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Hong-liang
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jian-chang
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: En-fu
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Pan-pan
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Yue-qiong
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Chang-xiao
authors.initials: CX
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D002681:China; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D020834:Ethnopharmacology; D041743:Herb-Drug Interactions; D057888:Iridoid Glucosides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009828:Oleanolic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011753:Pyrones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D029967:Swertia / Q000737:chemistry; D013607:Tablets
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D057888:Iridoid Glucosides; D011753:Pyrones; D013607:Tablets; C013270:swertiamarin; D009828:Oleanolic Acid; C587274:Qing Ye Dan
keywords: Interactions; Oleanolic acid; Pharmacokinetics; Qing Ye Dan tablet; Swertiamarin