title: Cognitive style and religiosity: the role of conflict detection.
abstract: Recent research has indicated a negative relation between the propensity for analytic reasoning and religious beliefs and practices. Here, we propose conflict detection as a mechanism underlying this relation, on the basis of the hypothesis that more-analytic people are less religious, in part, because they are more sensitive to conflicts between immaterial religious beliefs and beliefs about the material world. To examine cognitive conflict sensitivity, we presented problems containing stereotypes that conflicted with base-rate probabilities in a task with no religious content. In three studies, we found evidence that religiosity is negatively related to conflict detection during reasoning. Independent measures of analytic cognitive style also positively predicted conflict detection. The present findings provide evidence for a mechanism potentially contributing to the negative association between analytic thinking and religiosity, and more generally, they illustrate the insights to be gained from integrating individual-difference factors and contextual factors to investigate analytic reasoning.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada, gpennyco@uwaterloo.ca.
authors.forename: Gordon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pennycook
authors.forename: James Allan
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Cheyne
authors.forename: Nathaniel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Barr
authors.forename: Derek J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Koehler
authors.forename: Jonathan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Fugelsang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003220:Conflict, Psychological; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012069:Religion and Psychology; D013850:Thinking; D055815:Young Adult