title: Wash Resistance and Bioefficacy of Alpha-cypermethrin Long Lasting Impregnated Nets (LLIN-Interceptor(®)) against Anopheles stephensi using Tunnel Test.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Long-lasing insecticide impregnated nets (LLINs) is considered as an effective tools for malaria vector control. The aim of this study was to evaluate the residual efficacy of alpha-cypermethrin long lasting impregnated nets (LLIN-Interceptor(®)) against Anopheles stephensi using tunnel test.
  
  
  METHODS
  The wash-resistance of Interceptor(®) nets were assessed under laboratory conditions using tunnel test. Females of An. stephensi were released into the tunnel and then they were provided blood meals from guinea pigs. Bed nets were washed according to the standard procedure up to 20 times. The bioefficacy indicators such as inhibition of bloodmeal from experimental animal, knockdown, irritancy rate, survival rate, entry index and mortality were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It induced 90-100% mortalities in the population of An. stephensi up to 15 washes. The KT50 values reduced from 73.47 to 26.30 minutes in unwashed in comparison to one washed, respectively. The mean of mortality rate of blood-feeding inhibition and entry indexes was reached to 91.6%±2.8, 87.0±3.4 and 24.9±2.8 respectively after 20 washing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This net could provide a good personal protection against malaria vectors and could induce relatively high mortality, inhibit the blood-feeding as well as reduce the entry rates of female mosquitoes even after several washes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vatandoost
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mamivandpoor
authors.forename: Mohammad Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Abai
authors.forename: Mansoreh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shayeghi
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rafi
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Raeisi
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nikpoor
keywords: Alpha-cypermethrin; Anopheles stephensi; LLINs; Tunnel test