title: Anti-proliferative and matrix metalloproteinase-2 inhibition of Longkong (Lansium domesticum) extracts on human mouth epidermal carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Longkong [Lansium domesticum Corr. (Meliaceae)] is a popular tropical plant producing economic edible fruits found mainly in Southeast Asia. However, limited information is available concerning anticancer activity of Longkong.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate anticancer activities in human mouth epidermal carcinoma (KB) of Longkong extracts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Various parts of Longkong which was collected from Northern and Eastern of Thailand were extracted by the hot and cold processes using water, chloroform, and methanol. The extracts were tested for anti-oxidative activities and anti-proliferation as well as matrix metalloproteinase inhibition on KB cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The hot water extract of seeds from Northern region (NSEWH), the cold water extract of old leaves from Northern region (NOLWC), and the hot chloroform extract of young leaves from Eastern region (EYLCH) showed the highest free radical scavenging, metal ion chelating, and lipid peroxidation inhibition with SC50, MC50 and IPC50 values of 0.34 ± 0.03, 0.47 ± 1.60 and 0.86 ± 0.31 mg/ml, respectively. The hot and cold chloroform extract of young fruits from Northern region (NYFCH and NYFCC) exhibited anti-proliferation effect against KB cells with IC50 values of 603.45 ± 55.35 and 765.06 ± 46.19 mg/ml, respectively. NYFCC exhibited the highest pro- and active MMP-2 inhibition at 53.03 ± 2.65 and 31.30 ± 0.43%, more than all tested standard anticancer drugs except cisplatin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The cold chloroform extract of young fruits from Northern region appeared to contain anticancer active compounds against KB cells because of its high anti-proliferation and MMP-2 inhibition activities.
authors.affiliation: Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand. pmpti005@chiangmai.ac.th
authors.forename: Aranya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Manosroi
authors.forename: Charinya
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chankhampan
authors.forename: Worapaka
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Manosroi
authors.forename: Jiradej
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Manosroi
mesh_terms: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002614:Chelating Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D002725:Chloroform / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D007624:KB Cells; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D029582:Meliaceae / Q000737:chemistry; D000432:Methanol / Q000737:chemistry; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D035261:Plant Components, Aerial; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013696:Temperature; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D000975:Antioxidants; D002614:Chelating Agents; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D012997:Solvents; D014867:Water; D002725:Chloroform; C522361:MMP2 protein, human; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D000432:Methanol