title: Immune enhancing effect of a Maillard-type lysozyme-galactomannan conjugate via signaling pathways.
abstract: We studied the immune-modulating effect of Maillard-type lysozyme-galactomannan conjugate (LGC). LGC significantly induced nitric oxide, and expressions of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-8 on the murine macrophage Raw 264.7 cell line. In the mechanism of LGC, while extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) was important for the induction of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-8, the phosphorylation of C-Jun NH2-termianl kinase (JNK) contributed to the induction of TNF-α and IL-1β to a greater degree. These cytokines were less sensitive to the inhibition of p38. Nuclear factor (NF)-κB was involved in the induction of TNF-α and IL-1β. These data indicate that LGC has immune-modulating effects via JNK, ERK and NF-κB pathways, and that LGC may contribute to host immune defense.
authors.affiliation: Division of Food Bioscience and Technology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young-min
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.forename: Su-Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Chun
authors.forename: Seung-taek
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Yun-chang
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Koo
authors.forename: Hee-don
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Kwang-won
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D005690:Galactose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D008351:Mannans / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D009113:Muramidase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D008351:Mannans; D016328:NF-kappa B; C012990:galactomannan; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D009113:Muramidase; D005690:Galactose
keywords: 3-(4,5-dimethylthazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide; C-Jun NH2-termianl kinase; DMEM; Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium; ECL; ERK; FBS; G; Galactomannan; IFN-γ; IL; Immune-modulating effect; JNK; L; LGC; Lysozyme; MAPKs; MTT; Maillard reaction; NF-κB; NO; PVDF; RH; TGF-β; TNF-α; electrochemiluminescent; extracellular signal-regulated kinase; fetal bovine serum; galactomannan; iNOS; inducible nitric oxide synthase; interferon-γ; interleukin; lysozyme; lysozyme-galactomannan conjugate; mitogen-activated protein kinases; nitric oxide; nuclear factor-κB; polyvinylidene difluoride; relative humidity; transforming growth factor-β; tumor necrosis factor