title: PLGA nanoparticle entrapped killed porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus vaccine helps in viral clearance in pigs.
abstract: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a chronic viral disease of pigs, has been posing a huge economic concern to pig industry worldwide. In this study, we developed biodegradable PLGA [poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide)] nanoparticle-entrapped killed PRRSV vaccine (Nano-KAg), and administered intranasally to pigs once and evaluated the immune correlates. In Nano-KAg vaccinated homologous virus challenged pigs, complete clearance of viremia was observed in 2 weeks, associated with a significant increase in virus neutralizing titers only in the lungs, compared to both unvaccinated and killed vaccine vaccinated pigs. The lung homogenate and sera of Nano-KAg vaccinated pigs had higher levels of IFN-γ and lower levels of TGF-β than control groups. Restimulation of mononuclear cells isolated from the lungs, blood, BAL, and TBLN of Nano-KAg vaccinated pigs' secreted significantly increased levels of Th1 cytokines, IFN-γ and IL-12. In addition, higher frequencies of CD3(+)CD8(+), CD4(+)CD8(+), and γδ T cells, and reduced frequency of Foxp3(+) T-regulatory cells were observed in Nano-KAg vaccinated pigs. Thus, intranasal delivery of Nano-KAg vaccine may be a suitable strategy to elicit anti-PRRSV immune response required to better clear viremia in pigs.
authors.affiliation: Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691, USA.
authors.forename: Varun
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dwivedi
authors.forename: Cordelia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Manickam
authors.forename: Basavaraj
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Binjawadagi
authors.forename: Gourapura J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Renukaradhya
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D008168:Lung / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D019318:Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D019316:Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D034421:Sus scrofa; D013552:Swine; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D016207:Cytokines; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated; D014765:Viral Vaccines; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid
keywords: Killed PRRSV vaccine; Mucosal immune response; PLGA nanoparticles; PRRS virus; Protection