title: Safety and efficacy of ticagrelor for neuroendovascular procedures. A single center initial experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although platelet response testing is controversial, up to one-third of neuroendovascular patients are 'resistant' to clopidogrel and are at risk for in stent thrombotic complications and may require alternative antiplatelet therapy. Ticagrelor is a new reversible ADP P2Y12 platelet receptor inhibitor with no known resistance. We describe the clinical experience with ticagrelor for neuroendovascular procedures as an alternative in clopidogrel P2Y12 platelet resistant patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed our cerebrovascular database for all patients who were non-responders to clopidogrel, defined as P2Y12% inhibition <30%, despite repeat clopidogrel loading dose of at least 600 mg, and who were then administered ticagrelor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  18 patients were non-responders to clopidogrel; 10 (56%) were men, eight (44%) were women, with a median age of 61 years (range 38-84). All patients received loading doses of at least 600 mg of clopidogrel and showed P2Y12 levels below 20% prior to ticagrelor administration. Patients were loaded with 180 mg of ticagrelor, and all but one patient showed an initial P2Y12 response above 60%. 11 patients underwent stenting, two underwent coiling, and five underwent treatment by pipeline embolization device. No patient experienced any adverse effects in the postoperative period related to the use of ticagrelor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ticagrelor offers an effective alternative to clopidogrel non-responders. All of our patients showed immediate platelet inhibition after a loading dose of 180 mg of ticagrelor, with no adverse effects. The cost of medication, patient compliance (twice a day doses), and reversible inhibition should be taken into consideration when using ticagrelor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: Ricardo A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Hanel
authors.forename: Philipp
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Taussky
authors.forename: Tanya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dixon
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Merlie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sapin
authors.forename: Jerah D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Nordeen
authors.forename: Rabih G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Tawk
authors.forename: Ramon
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Navarro
authors.forename: Gretchen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Johns
authors.forename: William D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Freeman
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001807:Blood Vessel Prosthesis; D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D057510:Endovascular Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010979:Platelet Function Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015607:Stents; D000077486:Ticagrelor; D013988:Ticlopidine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D000077486:Ticagrelor; D000241:Adenosine; D013988:Ticlopidine
keywords: Drug; Stent; Stroke