title: Scatter: a novel family of miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements in the fungus Botrytis cinerea.
abstract: Miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (MITEs) are short non-autonomous DNA transposons that play an important role in genome structure and function. Here, we described a novel family of MITEs, named Scatter, identified from the genomes of three strains of the fungus Botrytis cinerea (T4, B05.10, and TBC-A). Intact Scatter elements are typically an average of 247 bp, and contain 41 bp terminal inverted repeats (TIRs) and 2-bp "TA" target site duplications (TSDs). Based a search against the transposable elements database and GenBank, Scatter is a novel and potentially species-specific family of MITEs. Moderate heterogeneity in sequence and size of individual Scatter copies suggests that Scatter elements were not recently proliferated. Most integrated sites were conserved across all three strains tested and elements inserted at equivalent sites shared high identity at the nucleotide level. This conservation, in combination with the presence of a similar copy number (22-24), in B. cinerea strains tested suggests that Scatter may be a relic of an ancient transposition developed prior to the strain divergence of B. cinerea. Two unique insertion instances were observed, indicating that some copies of Scatter may have remained active following strain divergence of B. cinerea. Because only a few subtle insertion differences among B. cinerea strains were observed, Scatter may play only a minor role in the genetic diversity in B. cinerea species. Most Scatter elements appear to be inserted in potential regulatory regions of adjacent coding regions, highlighting their role in transcriptional regulation. The origin of Scatter remains to be addressed. Scatter is the first well-characterized family of MITEs in B. cinerea.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Hongyuan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shu
authors.forename: Di
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: Fenghui
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tan
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D020171:Botrytis / Q000235:genetics*; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D014644:Genetic Variation; D016681:Genome, Fungal; D055029:Inverted Repeat Sequences; D016366:Open Reading Frames; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D004251:DNA Transposable Elements
keywords: Ancient transposition; Botrytis cinerea; DNA transposon; Miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (MITEs)