title: Effects of chest compressions on cardiorespiratory function in a non-arrested porcine model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The effects of chest compressions to hemodynamic and respiratory parameters during hands-only cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in a non-arrested patient who suddenly collapses are confusing. In this research, we investigated the effects of chest compressions in a non-arrested porcine model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen male domestic pigs were randomized into sham control group (SHAM group, only anesthetized and instrumented without chest compression, n = 6) or chest compression group (CC group, 2 minutes of chest compressions, n = 8). Continuous hemodynamic parameters, dynamic lung compliance (Cdyn), and blood gas analysis outcomes were recorded. Serum levels of catecholamine were measured at baseline and 2 minutes, 30 minutes, 4 hours, and 24 hours after chest compressions. Chest computed tomography (CT) was performed at 30 minutes and 24 hours. Conventional histopathology evaluation was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After two minutes of chest compressions in the CC group, heart rate and extravascular lung water increased significantly; mean arterial pressure, stroke volume, and global ejection fraction significantly decreased. Cdyn significantly decreased to valley levels at 30 minutes and slowly recovered. Compared with the baseline, serum levels of catecholamine significantly increased at 2 minutes and rapidly decreased 24 hours later. At 30 minutes after chest compressions, chest CT showed local exudation, which was absorbed 24 hours later.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This research showed that 2 minutes of chest compressions causes various heart and lung tissue damage in the normal a normal porcine model. It also impacts the hemodynamic and Cdyn.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China.
authors.forename: Lu-Hong
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Cong
authors.forename: Chun-Sheng
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Zhi-Jun
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Shuo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jun-Yuan
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yuan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000097:blood; D015633:Extravascular Lung Water; D006336:Heart Massage; D006339:Heart Rate; D006439:Hemodynamics; D008170:Lung Compliance; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D013552:Swine; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D002395:Catecholamines