title: β-glucan enriched bath directly stimulates the wound healing process in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.).
abstract: Wound healing is a complex and well-organized process in which physiological factors and immune mechanisms are involved. A number of different immune modulators have been found to enhance the non-specific defence system in vertebrates, among which β-glucans are the most powerful and extensively investigated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the biological impact of two different commercially available β glucan containing products on the wound healing process in carp. Throughout a two week experiment fish were kept either untreated (control), or in water supplemented with the two different types of β-glucans. The wound healing process was monitored using a multispectral visualisation system. The correlation between wound closure and immune response was investigated by measuring the gene expression patterns of IL-1β, IL-6 family member M17, IL-8 and Muc5b, and measurement of production of radical oxygen species. PAMPs/DAMPs stimulation caused by the wounding and or β-glucans resulted in an inflammatory response by activating IL-1β, IL-6 family member M17 and IL-8 and differences in the expression pattern were seen depending on stimuli. IL-1β, IL-6 family member M17 and IL-8 were activated in all wounds regardless of treatment. Expression of all three interleukins was highly up regulated in control wounded muscle already at day 1 post-wounding and decreased at subsequent time-points. The reverse was the case with control wounded skin, where expression increased from day 1 through day 14. The results for the β-glucan treated wounds were more complex. The images showed significantly faster wound contraction in both treated groups compared to the control. The obtained results clearly demonstrated that a β glucan enriched bath promotes the closure of wounds in common carp and induce a local change in cytokine expression.
authors.affiliation: DTU Food, National Food Institute, Biological Quality Research Group, Mørkhøj Bygade 19, DK 2860 Søborg, Denmark.
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Przybylska-Diaz
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: N I
authors.initials: NI
authors.lastname: Vera-Jiménez
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Steinhagen
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Nielsen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001494:Baths; D002347:Carps / Q000293:injuries*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D055257:Mucin-5B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016897:Respiratory Burst; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects*; D047071:beta-Glucans / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D016209:Interleukin-8; D055257:Mucin-5B; D047071:beta-Glucans
keywords: Carp; Cyprinus carpio L.; Gene expression; Wound healing; β-glucan