title: The effects of husbandry system on the grass intake and egg nutritive characteristics of laying hens.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to determine the effect of husbandry system and season on the grass intake and egg quality in laying hens considering that characteristics of organic eggs obtained in a system with no grass in the external area are similar conventional ones.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three hundred and sixty Ancona hens were randomly assigned to three groups: a control group (C), with the hens kept in cages under standard housing conditions; the organic group (O), with the hens kept under an organic production system (4 m² per hen) and the organic-plus group (OP), with the hens maintained under organic conditions but with a larger grass paddock availability (10 m² per hen). The estimated intake of forage, carotenoids and flavonoids of the OP hens was very high as the amounts deposited in eggs, mainly in the spring season. The fatty acid composition of the yolk was significantly affected by pasture. The OP eggs showed lower concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) n-6 and a higher percentage of PUFA n-3.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results showed that the grass intake was largely affected by the husbandry system and highlighted the seasonal effect of grass availability on the nutritional quality of eggs produced in organic systems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, University of Teramo, via C. Lerici 1, 64023, Mosciano S.A., Italy.
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mugnai
authors.forename: Evangelia N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Sossidou
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dal Bosco
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ruggeri
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mattioli
authors.forename: Cesare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Castellini
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000822:Animal Husbandry / Q000379:methods*; D000818:Animals; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000032:analysis; D002645:Chickens; D004032:Diet; D004531:Eggs / Q000032:analysis* / Q000592:standards; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000032:analysis; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6 / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis; D058870:Food, Organic; D006801:Humans; D009753:Nutritive Value; D058871:Organic Agriculture; D006109:Poaceae; D011897:Random Allocation; D012621:Seasons
chemical_list: D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6; D005419:Flavonoids; D002338:Carotenoids
keywords: egg quality; grass intake; hens; organic production; season