title: Sport-related concussions in New Zealand: a review of 10 years of Accident Compensation Corporation moderate to severe claims and costs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper provides an overview of the epidemiology of sport-related concussion and associated costs in New Zealand requiring medical treatment from 2001 to 2011 in seven sports codes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of injury entitlement claims by seven sports from 2001 to 2011.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were analyzed by sporting code, age, ethnicity, gender and year of competition for total and moderate-to-severe (MSC) Accident Compensation Corporation (ACC) claims and costs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 20,902 claims costing $NZD 16,546,026 were recorded over the study period of which 1330 (6.4%) were MSC claims. The mean yearly number and costs of MSC claims were 133 ± 36 and $1,303,942 ± 378,949. Rugby union had the highest number of MSC claims per year (38; 95% CI 36-41 per 1000 MSC claims). New Zealand Māori recorded the highest total ($6,000,759) and mean cost ($21,120) per MSC claim.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although MSC injury claims were only 6.4% of total claims, they accounted for 79.1% of total costs indicating that although the majority of sport-related concussions may be minor in severity, the related economic costs associated with more serious sport-related concussion can be high. The finding that rugby union recorded the most MSC claims in the current study was not unexpected. Of concern is that rugby league recorded a low number of MSC claims but the highest mean cost per claim. Due to the high mean cost per concussion, and the high total and mean cost for New Zealand Māori, further investigation is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, School of Sport and Recreation, Faculty of Health and Environmental Science, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand; Emergency Department, Hutt Valley District Health Board, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. Electronic address: dking@aut.ac.nz.
authors.forename: Doug
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: King
authors.affiliation: School of Sport, Health and Applied Science, St Mary's University College, Twickenham, Middlesex, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Conor
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gissane
authors.affiliation: Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, School of Sport and Recreation, Faculty of Health and Environmental Science, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Matt
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brughelli
authors.affiliation: Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, School of Sport and Recreation, Faculty of Health and Environmental Science, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Patria A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Hume
authors.affiliation: Accident Compensation Corporation, Wellington, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Harawira
mesh_terms: D000059:Accidents / Q000191:economics*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000191:economics*; D001924:Brain Concussion / Q000191:economics*; D002648:Child; D035881:Compensation and Redress; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009520:New Zealand / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Costs; Ethnicity; Gender; Incidence; Injury; Sport-related concussion