title: Real time dynamic imaging and current targeted therapies in the war on cancer: a new paradigm.
abstract: In biology, as every science student is made to learn, ontology recapitulates phylogeny. In medicine, however, oncology recapitulates polemology, the science of warfare: The medical establishment is transitioning from highly toxic poisons that kill rapidly dividing normal and malignant cells with little specificity to tailored therapies that target the tumors with the lethality of the therapeutic warhead. From the advent of the information age with the incorporation of high-tech intelligence, reconnaissance, and surveillance has resulted in "data fusion" where a wide range of information collected in near real-time can be used to redesign most of the treatment strategies currently used in the clinic. The medical community has begun to transition from the 'black box' of tumor therapy based solely on the clinical response to the 'glass box' of dynamic imaging designed to bring transparency to the clinical battlefield during treatment, thereby informing the therapeutic decision to 'retreat or repeat'. The tumor microenvironment is dynamic, constantly changing in response to therapeutic intervention, and therefore the therapeutic assessment must map to this variable and ever-changing landscape with dynamic and non-static imaging capabilities. The path to personalized medicine will require incorporation and integration of dynamic imaging at the bedside into clinical practice for real-time, interactive assessment of response to targeted therapies. The application of advanced real time imaging techniques along with current molecularly targeted anticancer therapies which alter cellular homeostasis and microenvironment can enhance therapeutic interventions in cancer patients and further improve the current status in clinical management of patients with advanced cancers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1501 South California Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA. paulmur8@stanford.edu
authors.forename: Ramasamy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Paulmurugan
authors.forename: Bryan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Oronsky
authors.forename: Chad F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Brouse
authors.forename: Tony
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Reid
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Knox
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Scicinski
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D057054:Molecular Imaging / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D057285:Precision Medicine / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs
keywords: Cancer; cancer therapy; drug delivery.; imaging; microRNA