title: Broiler litter ammonia emissions near sidewalls, feeders, and waterers.
abstract: Ammonia (NH3) volatilized from broiler litter diminishes indoor air quality, which can potentially decrease bird productivity. Emissions of NH3 exhausted from broiler houses pose environmental concerns for ecosystem biodiversity, aquatic nutrient enrichment, and particulate formation in the atmosphere. Research was conducted sampling litter (rice hull base) in 3 tunnel-ventilated commercial broiler houses during wk 3 (mid-growout) of 6 flocks. The purpose was to assess NH3 generated near the sidewalls, waterers, and feeders. Litter samples (100 g) were placed in chambers receiving constant air flow. Boric acid (H3BO3) titration each 24 h for 4 d was used to determine NH3 volatilized from the samples. Litter located near waterers emitted the most cumulative NH3 (approximately 12.3 mg of N•kg of litter(-1)•h(-1)) with less NH3 associated with feeders and sidewalls (2.9 to 7.6 mg of N•kg of litter(-1)•h(-1)). Moisture content of litter samples was greatest at waterers (45%) followed by sidewalls (26%) and feeders (20%). In addition, litter pH at the sidewalls and feeders could be predicted by linear equations associated with the number of flocks on the litter. At the waterers, litter pH was differentiated based on the half of house where higher litter pH existed in the nonbrood half (8.55 vs. 8.13). The results indicate that controlling NH3 near watering lines to a level consistent with feeding lines and near the house wall could reduce NH3 generated by 38 to 77%. These findings support efforts for NH3 control at mid-growout, especially considering zone litter treatments near waterers and appropriate attention to waterer management.
authors.affiliation: USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Mississippi State, MS, USA. dana.miles@ars.usda.gov
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Miles
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Brooks
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: McLaughlin
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Rowe
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry*; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000032:analysis*; D000641:Ammonia / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens; D006799:Housing, Animal / Q000592:standards*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D000641:Ammonia