title: Multilocus phylogeny and biogeography of the New World Pheucticus grosbeaks (Aves: Cardinalidae).
abstract: Using a multilocus approach, we investigated the tempo and pattern of diversification in a widely distributed New World songbird, the cardinalid genus Pheucticus. Each of the three geographic groups recovered (North American, Middle American, and South American) was comprised of a pair of currently recognized species, and four, three, and three geographically and genetically distinct phylogeographic lineages respectively. Diversification within Pheucticus appears to have occurred at a relatively constant pace throughout the Pleistocene and evenly across a broad latitudinal distribution. The Isthmus of Panama completion and Pleistocene glacial cycles both appear to have played prominent roles in the diversification of this group.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Biología, Universidad de Antioquia, AA 1226 Medellín, Colombia. Electronic address: pc.pulgarin51@uniandes.edu.co.
authors.forename: Paulo C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Pulgarín-R
authors.forename: Brian Tilston
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Robert W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Bryson
authors.forename: Garth M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Spellman
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Klicka
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics; D046109:Passeriformes / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D058974:Phylogeography; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial
keywords: Biogeography; Latitudinal diversity gradient; North America; Phylogeography; South America; Systematics