title: Attitude and flexibility are the most important work place factors for working parents' mental wellbeing, stress, and work engagement.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The need to combine active employment and parenthood is a reality for many parents today. Knowing more about which work place factors are associated with better or worse health could help employers to form a work environment that provides optimal conditions to maintain or increase health and work engagement in this group. The aim of this study was to explore possible associations between different subjective and objective work factors and benefits, and a range of outcome variables such as stress, symptom report, wellbeing, work-related fatigue, work engagement, and work-family conflict among working mothers and fathers with small children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional analyses of associations between work place factors categorised into three different dimensions; flexibility, benefits, and attitude and the outcome measures were performed, including questionnaire responses from 1562 working parents.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that work place factors related to flexibility and, especially among women, attitude to parenthood appear to have the strongest effect on working parents' subjective stress and wellbeing, while benefits appear to have less impact. Except regarding factors related to attitudes at the work place, most associations were similar among men and women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most likely, different factors are better suited or more important for some individuals than others depending on their total work, as well as family situation and also depending on individual factors such as personality and priorities. A positive attitude towards parenthood and a flexible work situation seem, however, beneficial for the general wellbeing and work engagement among working parents.
authors.affiliation: 1Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Frida
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Eek
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Axmon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001290:Attitude; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003220:Conflict, Psychological; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004651:Employment / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000523:psychology*; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007400:Interprofessional Relations; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D012456:Salaries and Fringe Benefits / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013548:Sweden; D014931:Women, Working / Q000523:psychology; D017132:Workplace / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000523:psychology
keywords: Parenthood; stress; wellbeing; work engagement; work place factors