title: Association of bone mineral density with periodontal status in postmenopausal women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Menopausal changes expose an individual towards risk of various pathologies during midlife transition. This study aimed to investigate the possible association of bone mineral density (BMD) with periodontal parameters in early postmenopausal Indian women.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 78 dentate postmenopausal female patients periodontal examination was performed including clinical attachment loss, pocket depth, plaque index and sulcular bleeding index. Alveolar crestal height was measured on proximal surfaces of all posterior teeth except third molars with the help of bitewing radiographs. Patient's BMD was assessed with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Statistical analysis was performed to assess the correlation between BMD and periodontal parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pocket depth, clinical attachment loss and alveolar crestal height were found to have negative and statistically significant (P = -0.000 each) correlation with T-score, with the value of Pearson's correlation coefficient being -0.474, -0.426, and -0.419 respectively. Number of teeth lost due to periodontitis was not significantly correlated with T-score (P > 0.05). Results of anova and the post-hoc Tukey test revealed a statistically significant difference of mean clinical attachment loss, pocket depth and alveolar crestal height for the osteoporotic versus osteopenic group and the osteoporotic versus normal group. However, between the osteopenic and normal group, the differences of mean were statistically nonsignificant (P > 0.05). Body mass index was found to have a weakly positive (r = 0.376) and statistically significant (P = 0.001) correlation with T-score.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bone mineral density is an important risk indicator for periodontitis in postmenopausal women. Number of teeth lost due to periodontitis is not significantly affected by the BMD of the early postmenopausal phase.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantology, Post Graduate Institute of Dental Science, Rohtak, Haryana, India.
authors.forename: Anuradha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Rajinder K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Ram C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Siwach
authors.forename: Shikha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tewari
authors.forename: Satish C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Narula
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology*; D001851:Bone Diseases, Metabolic / Q000145:classification; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D005260:Female; D005884:Gingival Hemorrhage / Q000145:classification; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000145:classification; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000145:classification; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000145:classification; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000145:classification; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000502:physiology*; D016300:Radiography, Bitewing; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D016388:Tooth Loss / Q000145:classification
keywords: bone mineral density; osteoporosis; periodontitis; plaque