title: Enantiomeric separation of amlodipine and its two chiral impurities by nano-liquid chromatography and capillary electrochromatography using a chiral stationary phase based on cellulose tris(4-chloro-3-methylphenylcarbamate).
abstract: In this work, a novel polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phase, cellulose tris(4-chloro-3-methylphenylcarbamate), also called Sepapak 4 has been evaluated for the chiral separation of amlodipine (AML) and its two impurities. AML is a powerful vasodilatator drug used for the treatment of hypertension. Capillary columns of 100 μm id packed with the chiral stationary phase were used for both nano-LC and CEC experiments. The optimization of the mobile phase composed of ACN/water, (90:10, v/v) containing 15 mM ammonium borate pH 10.0 in nano-LC allowed the chiral separation of AML and the two impurities, but not in a single run. With the purpose to obtain the separation of the three pairs of enantiomers simultaneously, CEC analyses were performed in the same conditions achieving better enantioresolution and higher separation efficiencies for each compound. To fully resolve the mixture of six enantiomers, parameters such as buffer pH and concentration sample injection have been then investigated. A mixture of ACN/water (90:10, v/v) containing 5 mM ammonium borate buffer pH 9.0 enabled the complete separation of the three couples of enantiomers in less than 30 min. The optimized CEC method was therefore validated and applied to the analysis of pharmaceutical formulation declared to contain only AML racemate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Auditore
authors.forename: Natale A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Santagati
authors.forename: Zeineb
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Aturki
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fanali
mesh_terms: D017311:Amlodipine / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D053801:Capillary Electrochromatography / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D002482:Cellulose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D016014:Linear Models; D036103:Nanotechnology; D048448:Phenylcarbamates / Q000737:chemistry*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013237:Stereoisomerism
chemical_list: D048448:Phenylcarbamates; C552444:cellulose tris(4-chloro-3-methylphenylcarbamate); D017311:Amlodipine; D002482:Cellulose
keywords: Amlodipine; Capillary electrochromatography; Impurities; Nano-liquid chromatography; Polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phase