title: Suicidal adolescents' experiences with bullying perpetration and victimization during high school as risk factors for later depression and suicidality.
abstract: This is the first study to examine the extent to which frequent involvement in high-school bullying (as a bullying perpetrator, victim of bullying, or bully-victim) increases the risk for later depression and suicidality beyond other well-established risk factors of suicide. The study included 96 students who reported being a bully, a victim, or a bully-victim, and also reported depression, suicidality, or substance problems during an initial suicide screen. These students were interviewed 2 years later and were compared with 142 youth identified during the initial screen as "suicide-at-risk" by virtue of their depression, suicidal ideation, attempts, and substance problems, but who did not report any involvement in bullying behavior. Students who reported both bullying others and other suicide-related behaviors at baseline had higher suicide ideation and were more functionally impaired at follow-up than students who reported suicide-related behaviors but were not involved in bullying. Preventive efforts in high school should target those children who are characterized by both psychological disturbance and bullying, especially the frequent bullies.
authors.affiliation: New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Anat Brunstein
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Klomek
authors.forename: Marjorie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kleinman
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Altschuler
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Marrocco
authors.forename: Lia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Amakawa
authors.forename: Madelyn S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Gould
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D058445:Bullying / Q000523:psychology*; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009518:New York / Q000453:epidemiology; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012307:Risk Factors; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D059020:Suicidal Ideation; D013405:Suicide / Q000523:psychology*; D013406:Suicide, Attempted / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires