title: Estimates of dietary overlap for six species of Amazonian manakin birds using stable isotopes.
abstract: We used stable isotope ratios to determine the metabolic routing fraction of carbon and nitrogen in feathers in addition to faecal analysis to estimate diet overlap of six sympatric species of manakins in the eastern lowland forest of Ecuador. Collectively, all species varied from-23.7 to-32.7 ‰ for δ(13)C, and from 6.0 to 9.9‰ for δ(15)N, with Machaeropterus regulus showing isotopic differences from the other species. We developed a mixing model that explicitly addresses the routing of carbon and nitrogen to feathers. Interestingly, these results suggest a higher proportion of nitrogen and carbon derived from insects than anticipated based on feeding observations and faecal analysis. A concentration-dependent mixing isotopic model was also used to look at dietary proportions. While larvae and arachnids had higher δ(15)N values, these two groups may also be preferred prey of manakins and may be more assimilated into tissues, leading to a potential overestimation of the contribution to diet. This study supports the finding that manakin species, previously thought be primarily frugivorous, contain a significant amount of arthropods in their diet.
authors.affiliation: a Los Alamos National Laboratory , Environmental Stewardship , Los Alamos , NM , USA.
authors.forename: Jeanne M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Fair
authors.forename: Thomas B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Ryder
authors.forename: Bette A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Loiselle
authors.forename: John G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Blake
authors.forename: Toti E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Larson
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Syme
authors.forename: George B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Perkins
authors.forename: Jeffrey M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Heikoop
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002247:Carbon Isotopes / Q000378:metabolism; D004032:Diet; D004484:Ecuador; D005241:Feathers / Q000737:chemistry; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D020387:Food Chain; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D019684:Magnoliopsida / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D009587:Nitrogen Isotopes / Q000378:metabolism; D046109:Passeriformes / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D009587:Nitrogen Isotopes