title: Impact of Zn, Cu, Al and Fe on the partitioning and bioaccessibility of (14)C-phenanthrene in soil.
abstract: This investigation considered the effects of Zn, Cu, Al and Fe (50 and 500 mg kg(-1)) on the loss, sequential extractability, using calcium chloride (CaCl2), hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD) and dichloromethane (DCM) and biodegradation of (14)C-phenanthrene in soil over 63 d contact time. The key findings were that the presence of Cu and Al (500 mg kg(-1)) resulted in larger amounts of (14)C-phenanthrene being extracted by CaCl2 and HPCD. Further, the CaCl2 + HPCD extractions directly predicted the biodegradation of the PAH in the presence of the metals, with the exception of 500 mg kg(-1) Cu and Zn. The presence of high concentrations of some metals can impact on the mobility and accessibility of phenanthrene in soil, which may impact on the risk assessment of PAH contaminated soil.
authors.affiliation: Lancaster Environmental Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Ifeyinwa S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Obuekwe
authors.forename: Kirk T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Semple
mesh_terms: D000535:Aluminum / Q000737:chemistry*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry*; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry*; D010616:Phenanthrenes / Q000737:chemistry*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry*; D015032:Zinc / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D010616:Phenanthrenes; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; C031181:phenanthrene; D003300:Copper; D000535:Aluminum; D007501:Iron; D015032:Zinc
keywords: Biodegradation; Extraction; Metals; Partitioning; Phenanthrene