title: Breast cancer in postmenopausal women after non-melanomatous skin cancer: the Women's Health Initiative observational study.
abstract: An increased risk of breast cancer has been reported in patients with non-melanomatous skin cancer (NMSC), but this association has not been studied in a large, multi-geographic population. We utilized data from the Women's Health Initiative observational study to assess whether history of NMSC is associated with breast cancer risk. This analysis included 70,246 postmenopausal White and Hispanic women aged 50-79, in which 4,247 breast cancer cases were identified over a mean (SD) of 11.3 (3.2) years. Baseline information was collected on demographics, medical history, sun exposure, and vitamin D intake. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). The relationship between NMSC and breast cancer was examined as a time-dependent exposure using updated information on NMSC gathered during follow-up visits. All statistical tests were two sided. There were 5,595 women diagnosed with NMSC at study entry. The annualized rate of breast cancer was 0.64 % among women with a history of NMSC and 0.55 % among women with no history of NMSC. The multivariable-adjusted HR for breast cancer among women with a history of NMSC versus no history of NMSC was 1.07 (95 % CI 0.95-1.20, P = 0.27). Further evaluation stratified by tumor characteristics showed an increased risk of lymph node-positive disease, HR = 1.30 (95 % CI 1.01-1.67, P = 0.04), and regional-stage disease, HR = 1.33 (95 % CI 1.05-1.70, P = 0.02), among women with NMSC. There was no significant overall association between NMSC and breast cancer; however, there was an increased risk of more advanced-stage breast cancer which needs further exploration.
authors.affiliation: Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pressler
authors.forename: Carol A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
authors.forename: Benjamin A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Derman
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Greenland
authors.forename: Janardan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Khandekar
authors.forename: Rebecca J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Rodabough
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McTiernan
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Simon
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause; D012307:Risk Factors; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013472:Sunlight; D013997:Time Factors; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000494:pharmacology; D044465:White People; D016387:Women's Health
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D