title: In vitro antibacterial effect of carbamide peroxide on oral biofilm.
abstract: This study compared the effects of carbamide peroxide (CP) and chlorhexidine (CHX) on oral biofilm in vitro. Collagen-coated hydroxyapatite discs were inoculated with subgingival plaque. After 3 weeks, the emergent biofilms were subjected to 1-, 3-, and 10-min exposures of a 1% CHX gel, a 5% CP gel and rinse, and a 10% CP gel and rinse. Subsequently, the biofilms were stained using a two-colour fluorescent dye kit for confocal laser scanning microscopy, and the volume ratio of dead bacteria to all bacteria was analysed. Compared to a non-treated gel control, the active agents killed bacteria on all the discs, with higher concentration and longer exposure times killing more bacteria. The rinse form disrupted the biofilm quicker than the gel form. Overall, 10% CP showed more disruption of biofilm and a greater proportion of killed bacteria than 1% CHX (p<0.05).
authors.affiliation: University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Chao Shu
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: John Douglas
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Waterfield
authors.forename: Ya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haapasalo
authors.forename: Michael I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Macentee
keywords: antibacterial; biofilm; carbamide peroxide; confocal laser scanning microscopy