title: Biodegradation of three selected benzotriazoles in aquifer materials under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.
abstract: We investigated the biodegradation of three selected benzotriazoles (BTs), namely benzotriazole (BT), 5-methyl-benzotriazole (5-TTri) and 5-chloro-benzotriazole (CBT), in aquifer materials. Biodegradation experiments were conducted in microcosms with fresh groundwater and aquifer sediment materials under aerobic and anaerobic (nitrate, sulfate, and Fe (III) reducing) conditions. All three BTs were degraded by microorganisms in aquifer materials under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Under aerobic conditions, BT and 5-TTri were found to be degraded fastest with their half-lives of 43 days and 31 days, respectively, among the redox conditions used. Under anaerobic conditions, CBT was found to be degraded better with its half-life of 21 days under nitrate reducing conditions than under aerobic conditions with its half-life of 47 days. The two BT derivatives 5-TTri and CBT could be biotransformed into BT via demethylation and dechlorination reactions, respectively.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China.
authors.forename: You-Sheng
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Guang-Guo
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Ying
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shareef
authors.forename: Rai S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Kookana
mesh_terms: D000332:Aerobiosis; D000693:Anaerobiosis; D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D019015:Geologic Sediments; D060587:Groundwater; D013021:South Australia; D014230:Triazoles / Q000378:metabolism*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014230:Triazoles; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C012771:benzotriazole
keywords: Aerobic; Anaerobic; Aquifer; Benzotriazole; Biodegradation; Groundwater