title: [Non-invasive diagnosis bladder cancer: new molecular markers and future perspectives].
abstract: Bladder cancer represents a very important entity in the field of urologic oncology. At the time of diagnosis 70% of them are non muscle-invasive tumors with a very variable risk of recurrence and progression. These patients will require a periodic follow up, at least for 5 years, performing multiple cystoscopies and urine cytologies throughout their lifes. These diagnostic tests are either invasive or have a low sensitivity, a fact that has stimulated the search of non-invasive markers with high sensitivity for the diagnosis of bladder cancer. The great advantage in this neoplasia is the availability of a biologic sample such as urine, which being in close contact with the urothelium collects exfoliated cells, representing a valuable non invasive tool for the diagnosis and follow up of this neoplasias. In this article we try to perform a review of those markers for bladder cancer already marketed and under development, as well as future diagnostic perspectives.
authors.affiliation: Hospital Clínico, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, España. mmusquer@clinic.ub.es
authors.forename: Mireia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Musquera
authors.forename: Lourdes
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mengual
authors.forename: María José
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Ribal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D015415:Biomarkers; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; C100379:nuclear matrix protein 22