title: Radial artery spasm associated with transradial cardiovascular procedures: results from the RAS registry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the incidence and predictors of moderate/severe radial artery spasm (RAS) in patients undergoing cardiovascular percutaneous procedures through a transradial approach (TRA) in centers with TRA expertise.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Data regarding the actual rate of clinically meaningful RAS are limited due to difference in study designs and operator expertise.
  
  
  METHODS
  The RAS registry, an international (14 centers from Argentina, Chile, India, Indonesia, Macedonia, The Netherlands and United States of America) registry that included 1,868 patients undergoing TRA cardiovascular procedures (63.5% diagnostic and 56.5% therapeutic).All selected centers used TRA as default strategy in the cardiac catheterization laboratory. Throughout 2012, each center included all consecutive TRA cases (during a 2-month period) into a dedicated database covering clinical characteristics as well as procedural topics related to TRA patterns and RAS occurrence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of moderate/severe RAS was 2.7%. Only 0.7% of patients required crossover (8 to transfemoral and 5 to contralateral TRA). Patients with moderately/severe spasm were more frequently females, had a history of dyslipidemia, received more often a 7F sheath and more puncture attempts than patients without spasm. By multivariate analysis, the need for more than one attempt and the use of a 7 F sheath were independent predictors of the development of moderate/severe RAS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of moderate/severe RAS is low in centers with a default TRA. Its development appears to be strongly related to the numbers of puncture attempts and the use of large sheaths.
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Cardiology, Sanatorio Guemes, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goldsmit
authors.forename: Ferdinand
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kiemeneij
authors.forename: Ian C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Gilchrist
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kantor
authors.forename: Sasko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kedev
authors.forename: Tak
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kwan
authors.forename: Surya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dharma
authors.forename: Leon
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Valdivieso
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wenstemberg
authors.forename: Tejas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Patel
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001118:Argentina / Q000453:epidemiology; D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001208:Asia / Q000453:epidemiology; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation; D062906:Cardiac Catheters; D002406:Catheterization, Peripheral / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation; D004867:Equipment Design; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011677:Punctures; D017534:Radial Artery / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012042:Registries; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014661:Vasoconstriction
keywords: ANGO, angiography coronary; CAD; TRAD, transradial cath; coronary artery disease