title: Comparison of temporal realistic telecommunication base station exposure with worst-case estimation in two countries.
abstract: The influence of temporal daily exposure to global system for mobile communications (GSM) and universal mobile telecommunications systems and high speed downlink packet access (UMTS-HSDPA) is investigated using spectrum analyser measurements in two countries, France and Belgium. Temporal variations and traffic distributions are investigated. Three different methods to estimate maximal electric-field exposure are compared. The maximal realistic (99 %) and the maximal theoretical extrapolation factor used to extrapolate the measured broadcast control channel (BCCH) for GSM and the common pilot channel (CPICH) for UMTS are presented and compared for the first time in the two countries. Similar conclusions are found in the two countries for both urban and rural areas: worst-case exposure assessment overestimates realistic maximal exposure up to 5.7 dB for the considered example. In France, the values are the highest, because of the higher population density. The results for the maximal realistic extrapolation factor at the weekdays are similar to those from weekend days.
authors.affiliation: Orange Labs, France Télécom Division R&D, RESA/WASA 38-40, rue Général Leclerc 92794, Issy Les Moulineaux, France.
authors.forename: Zaher
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Mahfouz
authors.forename: Leen
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Verloock
authors.forename: Wout
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Joseph
authors.forename: Emmeric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tanghe
authors.forename: Azeddine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gati
authors.forename: Joe
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wiart
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lautru
authors.forename: Victor Fouad
authors.initials: VF
authors.lastname: Hanna
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Martens
mesh_terms: D001530:Belgium; D040421:Cell Phone; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D011834:Radiation Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D013685:Telecommunications