title: The omohyoid muscle entrapment of the internal jugular vein. A still unclear pathogenetic mechanism.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the role of the omohyoid muscle anatomic variants as a possible reversible cause of internal jugular vein extrinsic compression.
  
  
  METHODS
  We describe a chronic cerebro-spinal venous insufficiency patient, who presented a omohyoid muscle entrapment of the internal jugular vein, confirmed by both magnetic resonance venography and ultrasound investigation. A omohyoid muscle surgical transection together with a patch angioplasty was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The surgical procedure led to both IJV flow restoration and neurological improvement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The omohyoid muscle compression on the internal jugular vein seems to be a possible cause of venous obstruction, but several anatomical and patho-physiological aspects need further investigations. Such picture might cause balloon venous angioplasty inefficacy and needs to be preoperatively considered.
authors.affiliation: Vascular Disease Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy sergiogianesini@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gianesini
authors.affiliation: Vascular Disease Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: Erica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Menegatti
authors.affiliation: Vascular and Endovascular Unit, S. Anna University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mascoli
authors.affiliation: IRCCS Neurosciences, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Fabrizio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Salvi
authors.affiliation: IRCCS Neuro-Radiology Department, Mondino National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bastianello
authors.affiliation: Vascular Disease Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zamboni
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D007601:Jugular Veins / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D020529:Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000098:blood supply*; D010690:Phlebography / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D014689:Venous Insufficiency / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*
keywords: Omohyoid muscle; chronic cerebro-spinal venous insufficiency; jugular entrapment