title: β-Glucuronidase is a suitable internal control gene for mRNA quantitation in pathophysiological and non-pathological livers.
abstract: The level of expression of housekeeping genes is in general considered stable, and a representative gene such as glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase is commonly used as an internal control for quantitating mRNA. However, expression of housekeeping genes is not always constant under pathological conditions. To determine which genes would be most suitable as internal controls for quantitative gene expression studies in human liver diseases, we quantified 12 representative housekeeping genes in 27 non-cancerous liver tissues (normal, chronic hepatitis C with and without liver cirrhosis). We identified β-glucuronidase as the most suitable gene for studies on liver by rigorous statistical analysis of inter- and intra-group comparisons. We conclude that it is important to determine the most appropriate control gene for the particular condition to be analyzed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Functional Morphology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiromi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: Sawako
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Mariko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishibashi
authors.forename: Kiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sugitani
authors.forename: Tadatoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takayama
authors.forename: Mariko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Esumi
mesh_terms: D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods*; D020043:Genes, Essential / Q000235:genetics*; D005966:Glucuronidase / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D005966:Glucuronidase
keywords: ALAS1; B2M; Diseased liver; GAPDH; GMFG; GUSB; HPRT1; Housekeeping gene; Internal control gene; MBD4; Non-cancerous liver; RNA, 18S ribosomal 5; RNA18S5; SDHA; SMARCA5; SWI/SNF related, matrix-associated, actin-dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily a, member 5; TATA box-binding protein; TBP; YWHAZ; aminolevulinate, delta-, synthase 1; beta-2-microglobulin; glia maturation factor, gamma; glucuronidase beta; glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1; mRNA quantitation; methyl-CpG binding domain protein 4; succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit A, flavoprotein (Fp); tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, zeta polypeptide; β-Glucuronidase