title: Transthoracic approach for the treatment of calcified giant herniated thoracic discs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed at reporting the results of a transthoracic approach in the treatment of patients with calcified giant herniated thoracic discs (HTDs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen consecutive patients, 11 males and 4 females with a mean age of 46 years (range 33-61), with calcified giant HTDs underwent transthoracic decompression and segmental instrumentation with interbody fusion from November 2004 to September 2010. Clinical data retrospectively examined and compared were levels and types of disc herniation, operative time, blood loss, pre- and postoperative Frankel grades and Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score, and complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 15 patients, 2 had HTDs at two levels and affected discs were primarily at the T11/12 level (60%). Presenting symptoms included myelopathy, axial back pain, urinary symptoms, and radiculopathy. Disc herniations were classified as central (40%) or paracentral (60%). All discs were successfully removed without dural tears or cerebral spinal fluid leakage. The mean operation time was 179 ± 27 min (range 140-210 min), and the mean estimated blood loss was 840 ± 470 ml (range 300-2,000 ml). Frankel grades improved in 9 patients postoperatively and 12 patients at the last follow-up. The mean JOA score improved from 4.9 to 7.7. All patients reported improvement in symptoms. The average duration of follow-up was 45 ± 24 months (range 7-77 months).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transthoracic decompression combined with reconstruction, fusion, and fixation is an effective method for the treatment of these lesions and is associated with a low rate of complications, morbidity, and neurological impairment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, The General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army (301 Hospital), 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China, lakezyf@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Yongfei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Songhua
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Yonggang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zhengsheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Baowei
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002114:Calcinosis; D019299:Decompression, Surgical; D017586:Diskectomy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007405:Intervertebral Disc Displacement / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013123:Spinal Fusion; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome