title: Proteomic-based identification of multiple pathways underlying n-butylidenephthalide-induced apoptosis in LNCaP human prostate cancer cells.
abstract: Although numerous studies have shown the cancer-preventive properties of butylidenephthalide (BP), there is little report of BP affecting human prostate cancer cells. In the present study, proteomic-based approaches were used to elucidate the anticancer mechanism of BP in LNCaP human prostate cancer cells. BP treatment decreased the viability of LNCaP human prostate cancer cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, which was correlated with G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest. Increased cell cycle arrest was associated with a decrease in the level of CCND1, CDK2, and PCNA proteins and an increase in the level of CDKN2A, CDKN1A, and SFN proteins. Proteomic studies revealed that among 48 differentially expressed proteins, 25 proteins were down-regulated and 23 proteins were up-regulated and these proteins fall into one large protein protein interaction network. Among these proteins, FAS, AIFM1, BIK, CYCS, SFN, PPP2R1A, CALR, HSPA5, DDIT3, and ERN1 are apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress associated proteins. Proteomic data suggested that multiple signaling pathways including FAS-dependent pathway, mitochondrial pathway, and ER stress pathway are involved in the apoptosis induced by BP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien 970, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Cheng-Yoong
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.forename: Sheng-Chun
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.forename: Horng-Jyh
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Harn
authors.forename: Wei-Jun
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Zhai
authors.forename: Shinn-Zong
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Hsueh-Hui
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000819:agonists / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000819:agonists / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D000091342:Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP; D059865:Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000819:agonists / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D010449:Peptide Mapping; D010796:Phthalic Anhydrides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D016192:Resting Phase, Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D019014:fas Receptor / Q000819:agonists / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D000091342:Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP; C491901:FAS protein, human; C000717247:HSPA5 protein, human; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D010796:Phthalic Anhydrides; D019014:fas Receptor; C026105:butylidenephthalide
keywords: 2DE; 3-(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate; 3-(4,5-dimethyl thizol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide; ABC; ACN; Apoptosis; B-cell lymphoma 2; BAD; BCL2; BCL2 antagonist of cell death; BP; Butylidenephthalide; CCND1; CDC25A; CDK; CHAPS; Cell cycle; DMSO; DTE; EDTA; ER; IEF; IPG; LC/MS/MS; LNCaP human prostate cancer; MTT; NL; PAGE; PANTHER; PBS; PI; Proteomics; RPMI; Roswell Park Memorial Institute; SDS; STRING; TBST; TUNEL; acetonitrile; ammonium bicarbonate; cell division cycle 25 homolog A; cyclin D1; cyclin dependent kinase; dimethyl sulfoxide; dithiolerythritol; endoplasmic reticulum; ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; immobilized pH gradient; isoelectric focusing; liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry; n-butylidenephthalide; non-linear; phosphate-buffered saline; polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; propidium iodide; protein analysis through evolutionary relationships; search tool for the retrieval of interacting genes/proteins; sodium dodecyl sulfate; terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick end labeling, other proteins which are not mentioned above are denoted as their gene symbols as listed in Table 2; tris-buffered saline Tween-20; two-dimensional gel electrophoresis