title: Factor structure of the CES-D and measurement invariance across gender in Mainland Chinese adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The primary aim was to examine the depressive symptom structure of Mainland China adolescents using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D).
  
  
  METHODS
  Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were simultaneously conducted to determine the structure of the CES-D in a large scale, representative adolescent samples recruited from Mainland China. Multigroup CFA (N = 5059, 48% boys, mean = 16.55±1.06) was utilized to test the factorial invariance of the depressive symptom structure, which was generated by EFA and confirmed by CFA across gender.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The CES-D can be interpreted in terms of 3 symptom dimensions. Additionally, factorial invariance of the new proposed model across gender was supported at all assuming different degrees of invariance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mainland Chinese adolescents have specific depressive symptom structure, which is consistent across gender.
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Mengcheng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Cherie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Armour
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Fen
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Xiongzhao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Shuqiao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yao
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000592:standards*; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012737:Sex Factors
keywords: CES-D; Chinese adolescent; depressive symptom; factor structure; factorial invariance