title: Enhanced antilipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced changes in macrophage functions by Rubia cordifolia (RC) embedded with Au nanoparticles.
abstract: In this paper, we have shown that gold nanoparticles (Au (NPs)) embedded in Rubia cordifolia (RC) matrix (RC-Au (NPs)) exhibit a high therapeutic value relating to its anti-inflammatory characteristics. It was prepared by utilizing the reducing properties of RC to convert HAuCl4 into Au (NPs). In order to compare its effectiveness, with respect to Au (NPs), the latter was synthesized separately by reducing HAuCl4 with lemon extract. These Au (NPs) along with RC-Au (NPs) were characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and UV-visible spectroscopy. The enhancement in anti-inflammatory characteristics was assessed as its inhibitory potential for lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) release, by rat peritoneal macrophages. The RC-Au (NPs) significantly enhanced its potential to inhibit NO release, which was reported in terms of inhibitory concentration for 50% inhibition (IC50=11.98 ng/ml), as compared to either RC extract (IC50=47 × 10(3)ng/ml) or to Au (NPs) (IC50=587.50 ng/ml).
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India 2210055. Electronic address: ashwanikumarsingh143@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ashwani Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
authors.forename: Yamini B
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Tripathi
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
authors.forename: Nidhi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, University of Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: R and D Centre, Prof SN Tripathi Memorial Foundation, Gandhi Nagar, Naria, Varanasi 221005, India.
authors.forename: Deepshikha
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tripathi
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India 2210055. Electronic address: hepons@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: O N
authors.initials: ON
authors.lastname: Srivastava
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D006046:Gold / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D058726:Nanoconjugates / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D051381:Rats; D045470:Rubia / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D058726:Nanoconjugates; D010936:Plant Extracts; D006046:Gold
keywords: Anti-inflammatory; Au (NPs); EDAX; Gold nanoparticles; Herbs; LPS; NO; Nitric oxide; RC; RC-Au (NPs); Rubia cordifolia; Rubia cordifolia-embedded gold nanoparticles; SAED; energy dispersive X-ray analysis; gold nanoparticles; lipopolysaccharide; nitric oxide; selected area electron diffraction pattern