title: Semen Astragali Complanati- and Rhizoma Cibotii-enhanced bone formation in osteoporosis rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Growing evidence shows that herb medicines have some anti-osteoporotic effects, the mechanism underlying is unknown. This study aims to investigate the therapeutic effect of Chinese herb supplements on rats that had osteoporosis-like symptom induced by ovariectomy (OVX).
  
  
  METHODS
  OVX or sham operations were performed on virgin Wistar rats at three-month old, which were randomly divided into eight groups: sham (sham); OVX control group (OVX); OVX rats with treatments [either diethylstilbestrol (DES) or Semen Astragali Complanati decoction (SACD) or Rhizoma Cibotii decoction (RCD) or Herba Cistanches decoction (HCD) or Semen Allii Tuberosi decoction (SATD)]. Non-surgical rats were served as a normal control (NC). The treatments began 4 weeks after surgery, and lasted for 12 weeks. Bone mass and its turnover were analyzed by histomorphometry. Levels of protein and mRNA of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) in osteoblasts (OB) and bone marrow stromal cells (bMSC) were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to OVX control, TBV% in both SACD and RCD groups was increased significantly, while TRS%, TFS%, MAR, and mAR were decreased remarkably in the SACD group, only TRS% decreased dramatically in the RCD group. No significant changes in bone formation were observed in either HCD or SATD groups. OPG levels in both protein and mRNA were reduced consistantly in OB and bMSC from OVX control rats, in contrast, RANKL levels in both protein and mRNA were increased significantly. These effects were substantially reversed by treatments with either DES or SACD or RCD. No significant changes in both OPG and RANKL expression were observed in OB and bMSC from OVX rats treated with SATD and HCD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study showed that SACD and RCD increased bone formation by stimulating OPG expression and downregulating RANKL expression in OB and bMSC. This suggests that SACD and RCD may be developed as alternative anti-osteoporotic agents for therapy of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Basic Theory, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, South Small Street 16, Dongzhimennei, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100700, China.
authors.forename: Meijie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Gary Guishan
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Peijing
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rong
authors.forename: Jiazi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Zhiguo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Hongyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Jingru
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Teng
authors.forename: Hongxia
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Jinghua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Qinglin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zha
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Dahong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ju
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D027883:Astragalus Plant / Q000737:chemistry*; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D029624:Ferns / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D053244:Osteoprotegerin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D053245:RANK Ligand / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D027343:Rhizome / Q000737:chemistry; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D053244:Osteoprotegerin; D053245:RANK Ligand