title: Age dependency of oxygen uptake and related parameters in exercise testing: an expert opinion on reference values suitable for adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Spiroergometry has been established to determine physical capacity. Reference values collected mostly in a younger population can be obtained from a number of studies and therefore may differ. Regression equations are complex and cannot be transferred easily to clinical practice. Our aim was to obtain reference values for spiroergometric parameters in cardiopulmonary exercise in healthy adult populations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen studies of healthy adults (>40 years) that assessed maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), oxygen uptake in relation to body weight (VO2max/kg), and oxygen pulse (VO2max/heart rate) were included. After data processing, spiroergometric parameters were correlated to age. Regression analysis was performed separately for each study and also weighted with the number of participants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For all spiroergometric parameters, age dependency was detectable for both males and females. After performing regression analysis, the following linear regression equations were determined: VO2max: Males = -28 × age (years) + 4,000; females = -20 × age (years) + 2,700 (ml/min); VO2max/kg: Males = -0.42 × age (years) + 58; females = -0.35 × age (years) + 46 (ml/min/kg); VO2max/heart rate: Males = -0.10 × age (years) + 20.50; females = -0.05 × age (years) + 13 (ml/min/heart rate).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study provides practicable reference values for the spiroergometric parameters of adult men and women.
authors.affiliation: Institut und Poliklinik für Arbeits- und Sozialmedizin am Universitätsklinikum Giessen, Aulweg 129/III, 35385, Giessen, Germany, joachim.schneider@arbmed.med.uni-giessen.de.
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schneider
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D016552:Ergometry; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology*; D012016:Reference Values; D012044:Regression Analysis