title: CXC motif ligand 12 as a novel diagnostic marker for papillary thyroid carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We subjected chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12 (CXCL12) to immunohistochemistry to determine its utility as a novel diagnostic marker for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) in comparison to cytokeratin 19 (CK19), Hector Battifora mesothelial epitope-1 (HBME-1), and galectin-3.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed the expressions of CXCL12, CK19, HBME-1, and galectin-3 using immunohistochemical staining in 258 cases of thyroid lesions (196 PTCs and 62 thyroid lesions excluding PTC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Remarkably, CXCL12 expression was exclusively found in PTC compared to other thyroid lesions (90.8% vs 3.2%; p < .001). In total, 91.1% (62 of 68) of the variant PTCs and 90.6% of conventional type (116 of 128) were associated with CXCL12 immunohistochemical expression, irrespective of the histological subtype. In contrast, very few of the thyroid lesions, excluding PTC, were positive for CXCL12 (2 of 62; 3.2%). Diagnostic performances for PTCs were as follows: sensitivity, 90.8%; specificity, 96.8%; positive predictive value, 98.9%; negative predictive value, 76.9%; and diagnostic accuracy, 92.2%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings indicate that CXCL12 might serve as an effective novel supplementary diagnostic marker for PTC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Cancer Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences (DIRAMS), Busan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Soo Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Eon Sub
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: So Yeon
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Joo-Yeon
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Han Suk
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Ryu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D018265:Carcinoma, Papillary, Follicular / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12 / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D037502:Galectin 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053539:Keratin-19 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D055815:Young Adult; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12; D037502:Galectin 3; D053539:Keratin-19; C432845:HBME-1 antigen; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm
keywords: CXCL12; diagnostic marker; immunohistochemistry; papillary thyroid carcinoma