title: Understanding platinum-induced ototoxicity.
abstract: Childhood cancer survival rates are now nearly 80% in more developed European countries because of improved therapies and better supportive care. Platinum chemotherapy drugs, such as cisplatin and carboplatin, are the cornerstone of many effective therapeutic protocols for childhood cancer. However, the antitumor efficacy of cisplatin and carboplatin comes at the cost of ototoxicity, which affects at least 60% of pediatric patients. Although ototoxicity is not life threatening, it can have debilitating effects on patients' quality of life. Recently, many initiatives have been launched with the ultimate goal of reducing cisplatin and high-dose carboplatin ototoxicity without compromising antitumor efficacy. This review addresses the incidence of platinum ototoxicity and its clinical presentation, time course, and early diagnostic evaluation. Genetic and non-genetic risk factors for platinum-associated ototoxicity, and their predictive value, are discussed. Recent developments in the prevention of platinum ototoxicity are also summarized.
authors.affiliation: LESS Center, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Department for Pediatric Oncology and Immunology, Loschgestrasse 15, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Thorsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Langer
authors.forename: Antoinette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: am Zehnhoff-Dinnesen
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Radtke
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Meitert
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Zolk
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016190:Carboplatin / Q000009:adverse effects; D002648:Child; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000009:adverse effects; D004427:Ear Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D010984:Platinum / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011788:Quality of Life; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D010984:Platinum; D016190:Carboplatin; D002945:Cisplatin
keywords: adverse effects; high frequency audiometry; organoplatinum compounds; pharmacogenetics; prevention; risk factors