title: Stress improves task processing efficiency in dual-tasks.
abstract: Psychological stress has attracted much interest as a potential modulator of response control processes. However, especially in dual-task situations, the effect of psychological stress is less understood. In the current study we investigated these effects. "Thirty six" healthy young male participants were exposed to stress applying the socially evaluated cold pressor task (SECPT) or a control condition. Afterwards they participated in a psychological refractory period (PRP) paradigm comprising two tasks (a "tone task" and a "letter task"). With the PRP task, four different stimulus onset asynchronies (SOA) were realized separating the tone from the letter task. The results show that stress improves task processing efficiency in dual-tasks. Stressed participants showed a reduced PRP effect (i.e., shorter response times), which was especially prominent in the short SOAs conditions (16 and 133ms). The analysis of the response times suggests that stress increases dual-tasking performance by modulating the efficiency to process the different tasks and not because 'cognitive flexibility' and switching between task components at the bottleneck is altered. Increases in processing efficiency in dual-tasks were predictable by means of individual salivary cortisol levels.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, Biopsychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany. christian.beste@rub.de
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Beste
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yildiz
authors.forename: Tobias W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Meissner
authors.forename: Oliver T
authors.initials: OT
authors.lastname: Wolf
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D003080:Cold Temperature / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology*; D012033:Refractory Period, Psychological / Q000502:physiology*; D012201:Reward; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D006854:Hydrocortisone
keywords: Action selection; Dual task bottleneck; Psychological refractory period (PRP); Psychological stress