title: Self-organization of ascending-bubble ensembles.
abstract: Self-organization of hydrogen bubbles generated by laser-treated areas of an aluminum plate etched in a basic aqueous solution of ammonia is studied experimentally and theoretically. The dynamics of the establishment of a stationary pattern of gas bubbles is experimentally is shown. In the theoretical model, the velocity field of liquid flows around an ensemble of several bubbles is obtained. Modeling of the process of self-organization of gas bubbles is performed on the basis of a continuum model of a bubble jet. Under certain assumptions, the pressure of a diluted system of bubbles is described by an equation similar to that for nonideal gas, which follows the van der Waals equation of state. The model predicts an alignment of gas bubbles along bisectors of the laser-treated area limited by a square, which is in good agreement with experimental observations. Further development of the model leads to an equation with a negative diffusion coefficient that may be responsible for symmetry breakdown and pattern formation.
authors.affiliation: Wave Research Center of A.M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Vavilov Street, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: E V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Barmina
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Kirichenko
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Kuzmin
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Shafeev
mesh_terms: D000535:Aluminum / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005740:Gases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D006859:Hydrogen / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects; D007834:Lasers; D008956:Models, Chemical; D012212:Rheology / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D005740:Gases; D006859:Hydrogen; D000535:Aluminum