title: Role of anthocyanin-enriched purple-fleshed sweet potato p40 in colorectal cancer prevention.
abstract: METHODS
  Anthocyanins, the natural pigments in plant foods, have been associated with cancer prevention. However, the content of anthocyanins in staple foods is typically low and the mechanisms by which they exert anticancer activity is not yet fully defined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We selected an anthocyanin-enriched purple-fleshed sweet potato clone, P40, and investigated its potential anticancer effect in both in vitro cell culture and in vivo animal model. In addition to a high level of total phenolics and antioxidant capacity, P40 possesses a high content of anthocyanins at 7.5 mg/g dry matter. Treatment of human colonic SW480 cancer cells with P40 anthocyanin extracts at 0-40 μM of peonidin-3-glucoside equivalent resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in cell number due to cytostatic arrest of cell cycle at G1 phase but not cytotoxicity. Furthermore, dietary P40 at 10-30% significantly suppressed azoxymethane-induced formation of aberrant crypt foci in the colons of CF-1 mice in conjunction with, at least in part, a lesser proliferative PCNA and a greater apoptotic caspase-3 expression in the colon mucosal epithelial cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These observations, coupled with both in vitro and in vivo studies reported here, suggest anthocyanin-enriched sweet potato P40 may protect against colorectal cancer by inducing cell-cycle arrest, antiproliferative, and apoptotic mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Nutrition, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.
authors.forename: Soyoung
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Jianteng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Jaeyong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Tzu-Yu
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Xiaoyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Standard
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Carey
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Griffin
authors.forename: Betty
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Herndon
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tomich
authors.forename: Weiqun
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D058739:Aberrant Crypt Foci / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D000818:Animals; D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D001397:Azoxymethane / Q000633:toxicity; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000032:analysis; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005960:Glucosides / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D027723:Ipomoea batatas / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D005960:Glucosides; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; C480521:peonidin 3-glucoside; C505409:Casp3 protein, mouse; D053148:Caspase 3; D001397:Azoxymethane
keywords: Anthocyanins; Colorectal cancer prevention; Mice; Purple-fleshed sweet potato; SW480 colon cancer cells