title: Diabetes mellitus: A risk factor for cognitive impairment amongst urban older adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Studies reported in relation to diabetes mellitus and cognitive impairment are inconclusive. Diabetes mellitus is a wide spread physical illness amongst older adults. The study explores whether, it leads to cognitive impairment amongst older adults in comparison to those without diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Study sample consisted of 900 subjects fulfilling the inclusion/exclusion criteria out of 1067 elderlies aged 55 years and above residing in a randomly selected ward of urban Lucknow. Pathological investigation was done on all elderlies to rule out diabetes mellitus. Out of 900 subjects 145 were found to have Diabetes Mellitus and rests 755 were without diabetes mellitus. These subjects were further divided into two groups: (i) with and (ii) without cognitive impairment based on detailed assessment of Mini Mental State Examination positive subjects by Cambridge Examination for Mental Disorders of the Elderly- Revised (CAMDEX-R). International Classification of Diseases-10(th) revision criteria were used to make diagnosis. Data analysis was done calculating odds ratio, Chi square, and percentages.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Diabetes mellitus was found to be prevalent is 13.7% and 16.9% amongst older adults aged 55-59 years and 60 years and above respectively. Odds ratio 1.3 with CI 95% indicates that subjects with diabetes mellitus is 1.3 times at more risk to develop cognitive impairment amongst urban older adults than non-cognitively impaired subjects. But differences on Chi square test were found to be insignificant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a weak association between diabetes mellitus and cognitive impairment amongst urban older adults.
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatric, BPK Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal.
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Tiwari
authors.forename: Rakesh Kumar
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Tripathi
authors.forename: Siddiq Ahmad
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Farooqi
authors.forename: Rajesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Garima
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.forename: Aditya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
keywords: Cambridge examination for mental disorders of the elderly-revised; cognitive impairment; diabetes mellitus; mini mental state examination; prevalence