title: Wet webs work better: humidity, supercontraction and the performance of spider orb webs.
abstract: Like many biomaterials, spider silk responds to water through softening and swelling. Major ampullate silk, the main structural element of most prey capture webs, also shrinks dramatically if unrestrained or develops high tension if restrained, a phenomenon called 'supercontraction'. While supercontraction has been investigated for over 30 years, its consequences for web performance remain controversial. Here, we measured prey capture performance of dry and wet (supercontracted) orb webs of Argiope and Nephila using small wood blocks as prey. Prey capture performance significantly increased at high humidity for Argiope while the improvement was less dramatic for Nephila. This difference is likely due to Argiope silk supercontracting more than Nephila silk. Web deflection, measured as the extension of the web upon prey impact, also increased at high humidity in Argiope, suggesting that silk softening upon supercontraction explains the improved performance of wet webs. These results strongly argue that supercontraction is not detrimental to web performance.
authors.affiliation: University of Akron and Integrated Biosciences Program, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325-3908, USA. cb54@zips.uakron.edu
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Boutry
authors.forename: Todd A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Blackledge
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006813:Humidity; D011235:Predatory Behavior; D047011:Silk / Q000737:chemistry*; D013112:Spiders / Q000502:physiology*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D047011:Silk; D014867:Water
keywords: humidity; prey capture; silk; water; web mechanics