title: Association between periapical lesions and maxillary sinus mucosal thickening: a retrospective cone-beam computed tomographic study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Odontogenic infections are a common cause of maxillary sinusitis. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between teeth with periapical lesions or periodontal disease and sinus mucosal thickening using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging.
  
  
  METHODS
  CBCT scans of 243 patients (485 sinuses) were evaluated retrospectively for the presence of periapical lesions and/or periodontal disease in posterior maxillary teeth and associated sinus mucosal thickening. Thickening >2 mm was considered pathological and was categorized by degree (2-5 mm, 5-10 mm, and >10 mm) and type (flat or polypoid). Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate statistical analyses were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mucosal thickening >2 mm was observed in 147 (60.5%) patients and 211 (44.6%) sinuses and was mostly of a "flat" type. Bivariate analysis revealed significant associations between mucosal thickening >2 mm and sex (males), age (>60 years), and teeth with periapical lesions and periodontal disease (P ≤ .027). Multivariate regression analysis identified only sex (males, odds ratio = 1.98, P = .004) and teeth with periapical lesions (odds ratio = 9.75, P < .001) to be associated with mucosal thickening >2 mm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sinus mucosal thickening is a common radiographic finding, which is more likely to be observed in males (2×) and in relation to teeth with periapical lesions (9.75×).
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Balabhai Nanavati Hospital, Mumbai, India. sidshanbhag@gmail.com
authors.forename: Siddharth
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shanbhag
authors.forename: Prabodh
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Karnik
authors.forename: Prashant
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shirke
authors.forename: Vivek
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Shanbhag
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008443:Maxillary Sinus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D015523:Maxillary Sinusitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D010483:Periapical Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D055815:Young Adult