title: Elevated cytokine responses to Vibrio harveyi infection in the Japanese pufferfish (Takifugu rubripes) treated with Lactobacillus paracasei spp. paracasei (06TCa22) isolated from the Mongolian dairy product.
abstract: With the aim of evaluating the effect of a Mongolian dairy product derived Lactobacillus paracasei spp. paracasei (strain 06TCa22) (Lpp) on the cytokine-mediated immune responses to Vibrio harveyi infection, we examined 16 cytokine expressions in the Japanese pufferfish, Takifugu rubripes. Fish were orally treated with the heat-killed Lpp at 1 mg g(-1) body weight d(-1) for 3 days. At 24 h posttreatment, fish were infected by an intramuscular injection of 0.1 mL V. harveyi bacterial suspension (10(8) cfu mL(-1)). Additionally, superoxide anion production (SAP) and phagocytic activity (PA) of head kidney cells were assessed during 120 h postinfection period. Significant up-regulation of pro-inflammatory (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17A/F-3, TNF-α and TNF-N), cell-mediated immune inducing (IL-12p35, IL-12p40 and IL-18), antiviral/intra-cellular pathogen killing (I-IFN-1 and IFN-γ), anti-inflammatory (IL-10) and lymphocyte agonistic (IL-2, IL-7, IL-15, IL-21 and TGF-β1) cytokines was observed in the treated fish compared to control ones during the pathogen infection. Furthermore, significantly increased SAP and PA (P < 0.01; 0.05) were recorded in the treated fish compared to untreated fish. These results suggest the beneficial role of Lpp in enhancement of cytokine-mediated immunity in the Japanese pufferfish against V. harveyi infection and application of this product as a potential fish immunostimulant.
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Agriculture and Engineering, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Biswas
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Korenaga
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nagamine
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kawahara
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kikuchi
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dashnyam
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kono
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D003611:Dairy Products / Q000382:microbiology; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000276:immunology; D060226:Head Kidney / Q000378:metabolism; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000502:physiology*; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D008986:Mongolia; D010586:Phagocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D019936:Probiotics / Q000494:pharmacology; D013154:Spleen / Q000378:metabolism; D023741:Takifugu / Q000276:immunology*; D014733:Vibrio / Q000502:physiology*; D014735:Vibrio Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines
keywords: Cytokine response; HK; IFN; IL; Immunomodulation; Japanese pufferfish; LAB; Lactobacillus paracasei spp. paracasei; RT-PCR; T helper; TGF; TNF; Th; Vibrio harveyi infection; head kidney; interferon; interleukin; lactic acid bacteria; reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction; transforming growth factor; tumor necrosis factor