title: In situ effect of chewing gum containing CPP-ACP on the mineral precipitation of eroded bovine enamel-a surface hardness analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Stimulation of salivary flow is considered a preventive strategy for dental erosion. Alternatively, products containing calcium phosphate, such as a complex of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP), have also been tested against dental erosion. Therefore, this in situ study analyzed the effect of chewing gum containing CPP-ACP on the mineral precipitation of initial bovine enamel erosion lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve healthy adult subjects wore palatal appliances with two eroded bovine enamel samples. The erosion lesions were produced by immersion in 0.1% citric acid (pH 2.5) for 7 min. During three experimental crossover in situ phases (1 day each), the subjects chewed a type of gum, 3 times for 30 min, in each phase: with CPP-ACP (trident total), without CPP-ACP (trident), and no chewing gum (control). The Knoop surface microhardness was measured at baseline, after erosion in vitro and the mineral precipitation in situ. The differences in the degree of mineral precipitation were analyzed using repeated measures (RM-) ANOVA and post hoc Tukey's test (p<0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant differences were found among the remineralizing treatments (p<0.0001). Chewing gum (19% of microhardness recovery) improved the mineral precipitation compared to control (10%) and the addition of CPP-ACP into the gum promoted the best mineral precipitation effect (30%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Under this protocol, CPP-ACP chewing gum improved the mineral precipitation of eroded enamel.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Since the prevalence of dental erosion is steadily increasing, CPP-ACP chewing gum might be an important strategy to reduce the progression of initial erosion lesions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry/University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, 17012-901 Bauru, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Letícia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Prestes
authors.forename: Beatriz M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.forename: Lívia P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Comar
authors.forename: Priscila A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Salomão
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rios
authors.forename: Ana Carolina
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Magalhães
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D002364:Caseins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002417:Cattle; D011232:Chemical Precipitation; D002638:Chewing Gum; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000009:adverse effects; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006244:Hardness; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008903:Minerals / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D014077:Tooth Erosion / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014089:Tooth Remineralization / Q000379:methods; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002364:Caseins; D002638:Chewing Gum; D008903:Minerals; C447032:casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate nanocomplex; D019343:Citric Acid
keywords: Casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium phosphate; Enamel; Erosion; Hardness