title: Fructooligosaccharide augments benefits of quercetin-3-O-β-glucoside on insulin sensitivity and plasma total cholesterol with promotion of flavonoid absorption in sucrose-fed rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to investigate both individual and synergistic effects of quercetin-3-O-β-glucoside (Q3G) and fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on indices of metabolic syndrome and plasma total cholesterol level with potential mechanisms of action.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five groups of rats were fed a dextrin-based diet as the normal reference group, or sucrose-based (S) diets with 0.3% Q3G, 5% FOS, or 0.3% Q3G + 5% FOS (Q3G + FOS) for 48 days. Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) were conducted on days 0, 14, 28, and 45, and adipose tissue and aortic blood were collected on day 48. Effects of Q3G and FOS on portal GLP-1 secretion were separately examined using rats after ileal administration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Abdominal fat weight reduced in FOS-fed groups. Blood glucose levels of the Q3G + FOS group at 60 min in OGTT and HOMA-IR (0.25 ± 0.03 vs 0.83 ± 0.12 on day 45) were clearly lower in the Q3G + FOS group than in S group throughout the experimental period. Muscle Akt phosphorylation was enhanced only in the Q3G group. The plasma quercetin was largely increased by FOS feeding on day 48 (18.37 ± 1.20 with FOS, 2.02 ± 0.30 without FOS). Plasma total cholesterol levels in the Q3G + FOS group (3.10 ± 0.12, P < 0.05 on day 45) were clearly suppressed compared to the S group (4.03 ± 0.18). GLP-1 secretion was enhanced in Q3G + FOS group than in Q3G or FOS group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Q3G + FOS diet improved glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and total cholesterol level with increasing GLP-1 secretion and a higher level of blood quercetin. Q3G + FOS may reduce the risk of T2DM.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Division of Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan.
authors.forename: Panchita
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Phuwamongkolwiwat
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Tohru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hira
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hara
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001835:Body Weight; D002432:Cecum / Q000737:chemistry; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood; D004032:Diet; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005632:Fructose / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000097:blood; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D011794:Quercetin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013395:Sucrose / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D005419:Flavonoids; D009844:Oligosaccharides; C016527:isoquercitrin; D005632:Fructose; D013395:Sucrose; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D002784:Cholesterol; D011794:Quercetin; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt