title: Molecular HPA genotyping by microarray in Brazilian blood donors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Human platelet antigens (HPA) polymorphisms may cause HPA alloimmunization, platelet (PLT) refractoriness, fetomaternal alloimmune thrombocytopenia, and posttransfusion purpura. Characterized by significant racial admixture, the Brazilian population might benefit from the knowledge about HPA frequency to guide decision-making concerning PLT transfusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  HPA frequencies were determined in 158 DNA samples from Brazilian blood donors by microarray for HPA-1 to -9, -11, and -15. A HPA-2 discrepancy was solved by polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP) and sequencing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  While a alleles were predominant for HPA-1 to -9 and -11, b alleles were absent for HPA-6, -7, -8, and -11. HPA-3 and HPA-15 had a higher prevalence of ab genotypes. One case of HPA-4ab and two cases of HPA-9abw were detected, the latter not previously described in Brazilian blood donors. One sample was not interpretable for HPA-2 due to a GPIb 468 C>G mutation; this donor was characterized as HPA-2ab by PCR-SSP and sequencing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Allele frequencies were comparable to those described in other Brazilian studies. Rare HPA-9 alleles were described in Brazilians for the first time. A mutation near the HPA-2 polymorphism suggests that complementary methods might be necessary in specific cases. PLT genotyping by microarray proved to be fast, accurate, and reliable.
authors.affiliation: Section of Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapy, Department of Hemotherapy, Hospital Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil; Platelet Immunology Unit, Institut National de Transfusion Sanguine (INTS), Paris, France.
authors.forename: Fabiana
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Conti
authors.forename: Gerald
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bertrand
authors.forename: Marcia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dezan
authors.forename: Thiago
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aravechia
authors.forename: Mariza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mota
authors.forename: Lilian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Castilho
authors.forename: Cécile
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kutner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016824:Antigens, Human Platelet / Q000235:genetics*; D001483:Base Sequence; D001782:Blood Donors; D001803:Blood Transfusion; D001938:Brazil; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D016824:Antigens, Human Platelet