title: The autism brain imaging data exchange: towards a large-scale evaluation of the intrinsic brain architecture in autism.
abstract: Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) represent a formidable challenge for psychiatry and neuroscience because of their high prevalence, lifelong nature, complexity and substantial heterogeneity. Facing these obstacles requires large-scale multidisciplinary efforts. Although the field of genetics has pioneered data sharing for these reasons, neuroimaging had not kept pace. In response, we introduce the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE)-a grassroots consortium aggregating and openly sharing 1112 existing resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (R-fMRI) data sets with corresponding structural MRI and phenotypic information from 539 individuals with ASDs and 573 age-matched typical controls (TCs; 7-64 years) (http://fcon_1000.projects.nitrc.org/indi/abide/). Here, we present this resource and demonstrate its suitability for advancing knowledge of ASD neurobiology based on analyses of 360 male subjects with ASDs and 403 male age-matched TCs. We focused on whole-brain intrinsic functional connectivity and also survey a range of voxel-wise measures of intrinsic functional brain architecture. Whole-brain analyses reconciled seemingly disparate themes of both hypo- and hyperconnectivity in the ASD literature; both were detected, although hypoconnectivity dominated, particularly for corticocortical and interhemispheric functional connectivity. Exploratory analyses using an array of regional metrics of intrinsic brain function converged on common loci of dysfunction in ASDs (mid- and posterior insula and posterior cingulate cortex), and highlighted less commonly explored regions such as the thalamus. The survey of the ABIDE R-fMRI data sets provides unprecedented demonstrations of both replication and novel discovery. By pooling multiple international data sets, ABIDE is expected to accelerate the pace of discovery setting the stage for the next generation of ASD studies.
authors.affiliation: Phyllis Green and Randolph Cowen Institute for Pediatric Neuroscience at the NYU Child Study Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Di Martino
authors.affiliation: Nathan S Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA.
authors.forename: C-G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Phyllis Green and Randolph Cowen Institute for Pediatric Neuroscience at the NYU Child Study Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: E
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authors.lastname: Denio
authors.affiliation: 1] Phyllis Green and Randolph Cowen Institute for Pediatric Neuroscience at the NYU Child Study Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA [2] Nathan S Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA.
authors.forename: F X
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Castellanos
authors.affiliation: 1] Phyllis Green and Randolph Cowen Institute for Pediatric Neuroscience at the NYU Child Study Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA [2] KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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authors.initials: JS
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authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
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authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA [2] Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA [3] Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, UK.
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authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dinstein
authors.affiliation: Institute for Clinical Radiology, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: B
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authors.affiliation: Behavioral Neuroscience and Psychiatry Departments, and Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Fair
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, UK.
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authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
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authors.affiliation: 1] Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Dutch Academy of Science (KNAW), Amsterdam, The Netherlands [2] BCN NeuroImaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
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authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Lainhart
authors.affiliation: Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lord
authors.affiliation: University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Luna
authors.affiliation: Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Menon
authors.affiliation: Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Minshew
authors.affiliation: University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Monk
authors.affiliation: Institute for Clinical Radiology, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany.
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authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: R-A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Neurocognitive and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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authors.lastname: Nebel
authors.affiliation: Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Nigg
authors.affiliation: University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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authors.affiliation: Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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authors.lastname: Pelphrey
authors.affiliation: University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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authors.initials: SJ
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authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA [2] Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA [3] David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA [4] Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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authors.initials: JD
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authors.affiliation: Division of Biology, Caltech, Pasadena, CA, USA.
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authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Tyszka
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authors.forename: L Q
authors.initials: LQ
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authors.affiliation: Translational MRI, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium.
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authors.affiliation: KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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authors.lastname: Wenderoth
authors.affiliation: University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
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authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Mostofsky
authors.affiliation: 1] Nathan S Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA [2] Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY, USA.
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mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002648:Child; D002659:Child Development Disorders, Pervasive / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D063132:Connectome; D006801:Humans; D033181:Information Dissemination; D020407:Internet; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D059906:Neuroimaging; D010641:Phenotype; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D055815:Young Adult