title: Psychometric properties of the national eye institute refractive error correction quality-of-life questionnaire among Iranian patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the psychometric properties of the national Eye Institute refractive error correction quality of life questionnaire (NEI-RQL-42) among Iranian patients with refractive errors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two samples of patients (n1 = 296, n2 = 95) were consecutively selected from the eye clinic of the Boo-Ali Hospital, Qazvin. A forward-backward procedure was conducted to translate and cross-culturally adapt the Iranian version of the NEI-RQL-42. A homogeneity, stability, and reliability test was conducted for the first sample after a two-week interval. Convergent validity was computed using the correlation between the NEI-RQL-42 subscale scores, National Eye Institute-Visual Functioning Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ-25), and the Short Form-36 (SF-36). Furthermore, Known-group analysis was performed, to determine the discriminant validity between the subgroups of patients with hyperopia, emmetropia, and myopia. Responsiveness to clinical change was tested by administering NEI-RQL-42 on the second sample that was scheduled for surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Homogeneity was satisfactory with the Cronbach's alpha coefficients ranging between 0.70 and 0.92. The 13 subscales of the NEI-RQL-42 showed a considerable stability in intra-class-correlation (ICC) ranging between 0.70 and 0.89. Positive correlation coefficients were found among all subscales of the NEI-RQL-42 and the other quality-of-life instruments (NEI-VFQ-25 and SF-36). The NEI-VFQ-25 displayed excellent discriminant validity to differentiate the subgroups of patients, and was found to be responsive to change after the surgical correction at three months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Iranian version of the NEI-RQL-42 is a valid and reliable instrument to assess refractive error correction quality-of-life in Iranian patients. Moreover this questionnaire can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions in patients with refractive errors.
authors.affiliation: Qazvin Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
authors.forename: Amir H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Pakpour
authors.forename: Isa Mohammadi
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Zeidi
authors.forename: Mohsen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saffari
authors.forename: Georgios
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Labiris
authors.forename: Bengt
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fridlund
keywords: Methodology; NEI-RQL-42; quality of life; refractive error; validity