title: Head and trunk mass and center of mass position estimations in able-bodied and scoliotic girls.
abstract: Anthropometric tables are not applicable to calculate the scoliotic trunk mass and center of mass (COM). The purposes of this study were: (1) to estimate the head and trunk mass and COM in able-bodied and scoliotic girls using a force plate method, (2) to estimate head and trunk COM offset compared to those of the body, and (3) the use of mean ratios to estimate the head and trunk COM calculated in this study and that calculated according to a conventional three-dimensional (3D) method compared to the measured values. Twenty-one scoliotic and twenty able-bodied girls participated. The subjects stood upright with arms beside the trunk on a force plate that collected data at 60 Hz for a period of 5s. The anteroposterior and mediolateral positions of the body COM were obtained from the mean center of pressure values. The height of the body COM was estimated by the reaction board method. Afterwards a body segment was displaced and changes in force plate readings were recorded and applied to estimate the head and trunk mass and COM. Trunk offset was defined as the difference between the COM of the body and head and trunk. The measured head and trunk COM was compared to values obtained by the mean ratios calculated from this study and given by the conventional 3D method. The relative head and trunk mass and the anteroposterior trunk offset were larger in scoliotic girls. The force plate method gave similar results to measured COM values for both groups underlying its capability to provide a more accurate estimation of COM related values. Thus, the use of mean ratios of 0.5538 and 0.6438 obtained in this study to estimate the head and trunk mass and COM position in scoliotic girls can overcome the main drawbacks of current anthropometric methods, if direct measurements cannot be taken.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran; Department of Kinesiology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada(1). Electronic address: mohsen.damavandi1@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mohsen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Damavandi
authors.forename: Georges
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dalleau
authors.forename: Georgios
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Stylianides
authors.forename: Charles-Hilaire
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Rivard
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Allard
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006257:Head / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D055595:Mechanical Phenomena; D012306:Risk; D012600:Scoliosis / Q000473:pathology*; D060726:Torso / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000473:pathology*
keywords: Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis; Center of mass; Head and trunk; Mass; Posture