title: A single center prospective study of bilateral breast reconstruction with free abdominal flaps: a critical analyses of 144 patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bilateral breast reconstruction utilising autologous free tissue transfer is a complex procedure with multiple options for donor tissue available. Autogenous breast reconstruction techniques have evolved over the last three decades to meet this goal. The aim of this study was to determine the outcomes of patients undergoing bilateral breast reconstruction with DIEAP, TRAM or SIEA flaps.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study was performed in our Interdisciplinary Breast Centre from July 2004 until December 2011 in 144 patients. Demographic information, diabetes mellitus type I status, tobacco use, tumor stage, primary/secondary reconstruction, operative technique, adjuvant therapy received, length of follow-up, and complications were evaluated. Complications were divided into donor site and recipient site. To investigate which risk factors were independently related to flap loss (complete or partial), multiple linear regression analysis was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study identiﬁed 144 patients who had bilateral breast reconstruction with DIEAP, TRAM or SIEA flaps. For all flaps (n=248), outcome included 98.4% survival and 0.7% vein microanastomosis revision. Recipient site complications included 1.6% complete flap loss, 0.8% fat necrosis, 2.9% partial skin loss/dehiscence flap necrosis and 2.0% haematoma rate. Donor site complications included 3.7% partial skin loss/dehiscence. There was evidence of abdominal bulges in TRAM patients (1.1%) but no hernias in any patients. BMI is a major determinant of flap loss (complete or partial) in these patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The primary goal of bilateral breast reconstruction is to provide a treatment option that can create a natural, symmetric breast mounds with minimal donor-site morbidity following bilateral mastectomies. These results support weight loss therapy prior to bilateral breast reconstruction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Sana Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany. 　christoph.andree@sana.de
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Andree
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Langer
authors.forename: Katrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Seidenstuecker
authors.forename: Philipp
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Richrath
authors.forename: Philipp
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Behrendt
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koeppe
authors.forename: Mazen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hagouan
authors.forename: Christan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Witzel
authors.forename: Samma
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Al Benna
authors.forename: Beatrix
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Munder
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016462:Mammaplasty / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D019990:Perioperative Care; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000637:transplantation*