title: Effects of a combined aerobic and resistance exercise program on C1q/TNF-related protein-3 (CTRP-3) and CTRP-5 levels.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effect of a combined exercise program on C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related protein (CTRP) 3 and CTRP-5 levels and novel adiponectin paralogs suggested to be links between metabolism and inflammation and to evaluate sex differences and association with cardiometabolic risk factors in humans with use of a newly developed ELISA.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional study explored the implications of CTRP-3 and CTRP-5 on cardiometabolic parameters in 453 nondiabetic Korean adults. In addition, we evaluated the impact of a 3-month combined exercise program on CTRP-3 and CTRP-5 levels in 76 obese women. The exercise program consisted of 45 min of aerobic exercise at an intensity of 60-75% of the age-predicted maximum heart rate (300 kcal/session) and 20 min of resistance training (100 kcal/session) five times per week.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both CTRP-3 and CTRP-5 concentrations were significantly higher in women (P<0.001) than in men (P=0.030). In a multiple stepwise regression analysis, CTRP-3 levels were independently associated with age, sex, and triglyceride, LDL cholesterol, adiponectin, and retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) levels (R2=0.182). After 3 months of a combined exercise program, cardiometabolic risk factors, including components of metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and RBP4 levels, decreased significantly. In particular, CTRP-3 levels decreased significantly (median [interquartile range] 444.3 [373.8-535.0] to 374.4 [297.2-435.9], P<0.001), whereas CTRP-5 levels were slightly increased (34.1 [28.6-44.3] to 38.4 [29.8-55.1], P=0.048).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A 3-month combined exercise program significantly decreased CTRP-3 levels and modestly increased CTRP-5 levels in obese Korean women.
authors.affiliation: Corresponding author: Kyung Mook Choi, medica7@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Hae Yoon
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Ji Woo
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Namseok
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Soon Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Geum Ju
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Ho Cheol
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Hye Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: Taek Geun
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Seon Mi
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sei Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Baik
authors.forename: Kyong Soo
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Byung-Soo
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Youn
authors.forename: Kyung Mook
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003094:Collagen / Q000097:blood*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000628:therapy; D012044:Regression Analysis; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000379:methods*; D048069:Tumor Necrosis Factors / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: C506069:C1QTNF3 protein, human; C487851:C1QTNF5 protein, human; D048069:Tumor Necrosis Factors; D003094:Collagen