title: Protective effect of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. ex DC. (family: Fabaceae) leaves against experimentally induced diarrhoea and peristalsis in mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. ex DC. (family: Fabaceae; Indian Rosewood), is used in India, especially in rural communities by traditional medicine practitioners to treat diarrhoea. However, scientific evidence does not exist in any literature to substantiate the claim of therapeutic success of the plant species in diarrhoea.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study the protective effect of ethanol extract from D. sissoo Roxb. ex DC. leaves (EDSL) against experimentally induced diarrhoea and peristalsis in mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Castor oil-induced diarrhoea and magnesium sulphate (MgSO4)-induced diarrhoea tests were used to assess the antidiarrhoeal activity of D. sissoo. Gastrointestinal tract transit of charcoal meal test and barium sulphate milk was used to assess the peristalsis activity of the extract, while the acute toxicity study and determination of total phenolics and total flavonoids were carried out using well-established protocols and methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The EDSL significantly reduced faecal output in castor oil-induced and MgSO4-induced diarrhoea and also significantly reduced the number of diarrhoeal episodes. D. sissoo significantly delayed the onset of diarrhoea induced by both castor oil and MgSO4 and comparable to loperamide, a standard antidiarrhoeal drug. Both D. sissoo and atropine sulphate significantly reduced the peristalsis activity of charcoal meal and barium sulphate milk in mice. The preliminary phytochemical analysis of EDSL revealed the presence of carbohydrates, phenolics, glycosides, and flavonoids. The median lethal dose of EDSL was greater than 2000 mg/kg (orally (p.o.)).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data obtained indicate that the EDSL has antidiarrhoeal and antiperistalsis activities and thus supports its traditional use. The data also show that the plant material given p.o. may be safe and/or non-toxic in mice.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IFTM University, Lodhipur Rajput, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Phool
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chandra
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IFTM University, Lodhipur Rajput, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India neetuphool@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Neetu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sachan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Viswavidyalaya, Koni, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India.
authors.forename: Dilipkumar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000930:Antidiarrheals / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002368:Castor Oil / Q000633:toxicity; D002400:Cathartics / Q000633:toxicity; D035782:Dalbergia / Q000737:chemistry*; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D020834:Ethnopharmacology; D005260:Female; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005772:Gastrointestinal Transit / Q000187:drug effects; D007194:India; D008278:Magnesium Sulfate / Q000633:toxicity; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010528:Peristalsis / Q000187:drug effects; D010636:Phenols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute
chemical_list: D000930:Antidiarrheals; D002400:Cathartics; D005419:Flavonoids; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D008278:Magnesium Sulfate; D002368:Castor Oil
keywords: Dalbergia sissoo; Fabaceae; antidiarrhoeal; castor oil; enteropooling