title: Identification and quantification of leaf surface flavonoids in wild-growing populations of Dracocephalum kotschyi by LC-DAD-ESI-MS.
abstract: Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss. (Lamiaceae) is an aromatic and perennial herb endemic to Iran with interesting pharmacological and biological properties. The flavonoids luteolin-7-O-glucoside, apigenin-7-O-glucoside (cosmosiin), luteolin 3'-O-β-d-glucuronide, luteolin, apigenin, cirsimaritin, isokaempferide, penduletin, xanthomicrol, calycopterin and the polyphenol rosmarinic acid were identified among 13 natural populations of the plant by ESI-MS, LC-DAD and LC-DAD-ESI-MS. The plant extracts containing the identified compounds showed significant antioxidant activity, which was correlated with the flavonoid content. Additionally, leaf and stem size and geographical variability among the studied populations were correlated with flavonoid accumulation. Canonical correlation analysis was used to find a relationship between plant dimensions and phytochemical composition, and the plants with the lowest growth indices were found to have the highest levels of methoxylated flavonoids.
authors.affiliation: Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, P.O. Box 165-5715944931, Urmia, Iran. mo.fattahi@urmia.ac.ir
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fattahi
authors.forename: Vahideh
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Nazeri
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Torras-Claveria
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sefidkon
authors.forename: Rosa M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Cusido
authors.forename: Zabihollah
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zamani
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Palazon
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000737:chemistry*; D007492:Iran; D019686:Lamiaceae / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification / Q000254:growth & development; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification / Q000254:growth & development; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; D010936:Plant Extracts