title: Intraspecies variation in dominance style of Macaca fuscata.
abstract: Knowledge of intraspecific variation is important to test the evolutionary basis of covariation in primate social systems, yet few reports have focused on it, even in the best-studied species of the Macaca genus. We conducted a comparative study of the dominance styles among three provisioned, free-ranging groups of Japanese macaques at Shodoshima Island, Takasakiyama Mountain and Shiga Heights, and collected standard data on aggressive and affiliative behavior during a period of 5 years. Our data in the Takasakiyama and Shiga groups support previous studies showing that Japanese macaques typically have despotic social relations; nevertheless, our data in the Shodoshima group are inconsistent with the norm. The social traits of Shodoshima monkeys suggested that: (1) their dominance style is neither despotic nor tolerant but is intermediate between the two traits; (2) some measures of dominance style, e.g., frequency and duration of social interactions, covary as a set of tolerant traits in Shodoshima monkeys. This study suggests broad intraspecific variation of dominance style in Japanese macaques as can be seen in some other primate species.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Kunio
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Watanabe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D007564:Japan; D008251:Macaca / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D012621:Seasons; D012930:Social Dominance