title: Prevalence of hiatal hernia in the morbidly obese.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Morbidly obese patients commonly have gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) and associated hiatal hernias. As such, some surgeons routinely perform a concomitant hiatal hernia repair during bariatric surgery. However, the intraoperative inspection for a hiatal hernia based on laparoscopic visualization can be misleading. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of hiatal hernias in morbidly obese patients based on preoperative upper gastrointestinal (GI) contrast study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data on 181 patients who underwent routine upper GI contrast study as part of a preoperative workup for bariatric surgery were reviewed. The upper GI studies were examined for the presence of hiatal hernias and GERD. Hiatal hernias were categorized by size as small (≤2 cm), moderate (2-5 cm), or large (>5 cm). GERD was based on radiologic evidence and categorized as mild, moderate, or severe.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of the cohort was 44 years, with a mean body mass index of 43 kg/m(2). Of the 181 patients overall, based on the upper GI contrast study, the prevalence of hiatal hernia was 37.0% and of GERD was 39.8%; the prevalence of moderate or large hiatal hernia was 4.4%, and the prevalence of moderate or severe GERD was 13.3%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on upper GI contrast study, we identified the presence of a hiatal hernia in nearly 40% of morbidly obese patients. The results from this study suggest that surgeons should evaluate the morbidly obese patient for the presence of hiatal hernias and perform concomitant repair at the time of the bariatric procedure, particularly in patients undergoing gastric banding and sleeve gastrectomy, while less so in the gastric bypass patient.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine Medical Center, Orange, California.
authors.forename: Fredrick
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Che
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Allen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Ninh T
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Nguyen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D050110:Bariatric Surgery / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D003287:Contrast Media; D003955:Diagnostic Tests, Routine / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006551:Hernia, Hiatal / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D015995:Prevalence; D017678:Sex Distribution; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media
keywords: Bariatric surgery; Gastroesophageal reflux; Hiatal hernia; Morbid obesity