title: Salimyxins and enhygrolides: antibiotic, sponge-related metabolites from the obligate marine myxobacterium Enhygromyxa salina.
abstract: Unlike their terrestrial counterparts, marine myxobacteria are hardly investigated for their secondary metabolites. This study describes three new compounds (1-3), named salimyxins and enhygrolides, obtained from the obligate marine myxobacterium Enhygromyxa salina. These are the first natural products obtained from Enhygromyxa species. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis, including NMR and CD spectroscopy. Enhygrolides are closely related to the nostoclides, which were initially isolated from a cyanobacterium of the genus Nostoc. The salimyxins, representing structurally most unusual degraded sterols, are close to identical to demethylincisterol from the sponge Homaxinella sp. Salimyxin B and enhygrolide A inhibit the growth of the Gram-positive bacterium Arthrobacter cristallopoietes (MIC salimyxin B, 8 μg mL⁻¹; enhygrolide A, 4 μg mL⁻¹).
authors.affiliation: Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Felder
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kehraus
authors.forename: Edith
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Neu
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bierbaum
authors.forename: Till F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Schäberle
authors.forename: Gabriele M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: König
mesh_terms: D015107:4-Butyrolactone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D001173:Arthrobacter / Q000187:drug effects; D001597:Benzylidene Compounds / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D004224:Diterpenes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D009231:Myxococcales / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism*; D010802:Phylogeny; D011161:Porifera / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001597:Benzylidene Compounds; D004224:Diterpenes; C585651:enhygrolide A; C585650:salimyxin B; D015107:4-Butyrolactone
keywords: Enhygromyxa salina; marine; myxobacteria; natural products; structure elucidation