title: Temporomandibular joint model: anatomic and radiologic comparison between rat and human.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a complex anatomic structure with various pathologies as fractures, ankylosis or degenerative diseases. Few animal models already exist and the current study aims at demonstrating that rats' TMJ could be considered as a model, using anatomic dissection and radiology.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five adult Wistar rats were dissected to explore the soft and bone anatomy of the TMJ. Five more adult Wistar rats underwent a CT scan to measure size and angles of the condyle.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The angles between the condyle and the mandible corpus were observed to be different both in the sagittal plane (150° vs. 125° in human) and the transversal plane (140° vs. 180°). The condyle axis is sagittal and drop-shaped and there is no anterior eminence in rats' temporal fossa. However, the other anatomic structures proved to be quite similar.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The temporomandibular joints in human and rat are close and only few anatomic differences have been reported. Rats thus appear as an interesting and cheap alternative to model TMJ.
authors.affiliation: Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, CHU Grenoble, Grenoble, France, eorset@chu-grenoble.fr.
authors.forename: Emmanuelle
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Orset
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chaffanjon
authors.forename: Georges
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bettega
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001837:Body Weights and Measures / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013704:Temporomandibular Joint / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*