title: Interaction of the adenosine A1 receptor agonist N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA) and opioid receptors in spinal cord nociceptive reflexes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We previously observed that the adenosine A1 receptor agonist N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA) is a very effective antinociceptive agent on intact but not on spinalized adult rats with inflammation. Since a close connection between opioid and adenosine A1 receptors has been described, we studied a possible relationship between these systems in the spinal cord.
  
  
  METHODS
  CPA-mediated antinociception was challenged by the selective adenosine A1 receptor antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-1, 3-dimethylxanthine (CPT) and by the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone on male adult Wistar rats with carrageenan-induced inflammation. Withdrawal reflexes activated by noxious mechanical and electrical stimulation were recorded using the single motor technique in intact and sham-spinalized animals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CPA was very effective in intact and sham spinalized rats but not in spinalized animals. Full reversal of CPA antinociception was observed with i.v. 1mg/kg of naloxone but not with 20mg/kg of CPT i.v. in responses to noxious mechanical and electrical stimulation. CPT fully prevented CPA from any antinociceptive action whereas naloxone did not modify CPA activity. These results suggest a centrally-mediated action, since CPA depressed the wind-up phenomenon which is derived of the activity of spinal cord neurons.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study provides strong in vivo evidence of an antinociceptive activity mediated by the adenosine A1 receptor system in the spinal cord, linked to an activation of opioid receptors in adult animals with inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Guillermo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ramos-Zepeda
authors.forename: Juan F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Herrero
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D058907:Adenosine A1 Receptor Agonists / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000187:drug effects / Q000379:methods; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D043682:Receptor, Adenosine A1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D011957:Receptors, Opioid / Q000378:metabolism*; D012018:Reflex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D058907:Adenosine A1 Receptor Agonists; D043682:Receptor, Adenosine A1; D011957:Receptors, Opioid; C048599:N(6)-cyclopentyladenosine; D000241:Adenosine
keywords: Adenosine; Inflammation; Opiates; Pain; Single motor unit; Spinal cord; Wind-up phenomenon