title: Identification of a Broadly Cross-Reactive Epitope in the Inner Shell of the Norovirus Capsid.
abstract: Noroviruses are major pathogens associated with acute gastroenteritis. They are diverse viruses, with at least six genogroups (GI-GVI) and multiple genotypes defined by differences in the major capsid protein, VP1. This diversity has challenged the development of broadly cross-reactive vaccines as well as efficient detection methods. Here, we report the characterization of a broadly cross-reactive monoclonal antibody (MAb) raised against the capsid protein of a GII.3 norovirus strain. The MAb reacted with VLPs and denatured VP1 protein from GI, GII, GIV and GV noroviruses, and mapped to a linear epitope located in the inner shell domain. An alignment of all available VP1 sequences showed that the putative epitope (residues 52-56) is highly conserved across the genus Norovirus. This broadly cross-reactive MAb thus constitutes a valuable reagent for the diagnosis and study of these diverse viruses.
authors.affiliation: Caliciviruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America.
authors.forename: Gabriel I
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: Parra
authors.forename: Jolynn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Azure
authors.forename: Renate
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bok
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sandoval-Jaime
authors.forename: Stanislav V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Sosnovtsev
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sander
authors.forename: Kim Y
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Green
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology; D002213:Capsid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D036022:Capsid Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D003429:Cross Reactions; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D000939:Epitopes / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D005838:Genotype; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D016296:Mutagenesis; D029322:Norovirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D014709:Vero Cells; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D036022:Capsid Proteins; D000939:Epitopes; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014764:Viral Proteins