title: Serum vascular adhesion protein-1 level is higher in smokers than non-smokers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO)/vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) is involved in the pathogenesis of both atherosclerosis and cancer. Because chemical components and metabolites of cigarettes are deaminated by SSAO, the relationship between smoking and serum SSAO/VAP-1 was studied in humans.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 451 non-diabetic and normoalbuminuric Han Chinese subjects were recruited to participate in this study. Smoking history was obtained by using a questionnaire and those who smoked more than 100 cigarettes during a 6-month period were considered smokers. Serum VAP-1 concentration was measured by time-resolved immunofluorometric assay. Age, gender, waist circumference and estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were adjusted in different statistical models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Smokers were mainly male (85.7% versus 26.3%) and were more obese than non-smokers (p < 0.05). Subjects with higher serum VAP-1 concentrations were older (p < 0.001) and tended to have larger waist circumferences and lower estimated GFR. Serum VAP-1 concentration was higher in smokers than in non-smokers (p < 0.05) after adjusting for age, gender, waist circumference, estimated GFR, liver biochemistry and lipid profile.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cigarette smoking is associated with elevated serum VAP-1 concentration. Whether VAP-1 and its SSAO activity link the relationship between cigarette smoking, atherosclerosis and cancer requires further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and.
authors.forename: Yi-Chia
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hung-Yuan
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jung-Nan
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Mao-Shin
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Shyang-Rong
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Shih
authors.forename: Cyue-Huei
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Hua
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Jani
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vanio
authors.forename: Lee-Ming
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Chuang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006631:Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing) / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000378:metabolism; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D015200:Fluoroimmunoassay; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; C076668:AOC3 protein, human; D006631:Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing)