title: Beyond metaphor: contrasting mechanisms of social and physical pain.
abstract: Physical pain can be clearly distinguished from other states of distress. In recent years, however, the notion that social distress is experienced as physically painful has permeated the scientific literature and popular media. This conclusion is based on the overlap of brain regions that respond to nociceptive input and sociocultural distress. Here we challenge the assumption that underlies this conclusion - that physical pain can be easily inferred from a particular pattern of activated brain regions - by showing that patterns of activation commonly presumed to constitute the 'pain matrix' are largely unspecific to pain. We then examine recent analytical advances that may improve the specificity of imaging for parsing pain from a broad range of perceptually unique human experiences.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK. g.iannetti@ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Gian Domenico
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Iannetti
authors.forename: Tim V
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Salomons
authors.forename: Massieh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moayedi
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mouraux
authors.forename: Karen D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Davis
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001931:Brain Mapping; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D019365:Metaphor; D010146:Pain / Q000473:pathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000473:pathology* / Q000523:psychology
keywords: functional brain imaging; multivariate pattern analysis; nociception; pain; reverse inference; social rejection