title: Compensatory responses to insulin resistance in obese African-American and Latina girls.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Insulin responses to oral and intravenous glucose markedly differ by ethnicity. This study examined whether ethnic differences in pancreatic insulin secretion, hepatic insulin extraction and clearance explain these disparate findings in 35 obese African-American and 41 Latina girls (Tanner Stages: IV-V; ages: 14-18; body mass index percentile: 85.9-99.8%).
  
  
  METHODS
  Pancreatic insulin secretion, hepatic insulin extraction and clearance were estimated by C-peptide and insulin modeling during an oral glucose tolerance test. Insulin sensitivity (SI), acute insulin response to glucose (AIRG ) and disposition index were derived from a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to Latinas, obese African-American adolescents had lower pancreatic insulin secretion (21.3%; P < 0.01), glucose incremental area under the curve (IAUC) (41.7%, P = 0.02), C-peptide IAUC (25.1%, P < 0.01) and SI (33.7%; P < 0.01). There were no ethnic differences in hepatic insulin extraction and clearance (P's > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compensatory mechanisms to insulin resistance do not appear to explain the ethnic differences in insulin responses to oral and intravenous glucose in obese African-American and Latina girls.
authors.affiliation: School of Kinesiology and Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Hasson
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Adam
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Goran
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000208:ethnology*; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D009765:Obesity / Q000208:ethnology / Q000378:metabolism*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002096:C-Peptide; D007328:Insulin
keywords: African-American; Latina; hepatic insulin extraction; pancreatic insulin secretion