title: Racial and ethnic variations in waiting times for emergency department visits related to nontraumatic dental conditions in the United States.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Researchers have documented an association between waiting times in emergency departments (EDs) and quality of care for medical conditions, but little is known about trends and factors associated with waiting times for ED visits related to nontraumatic dental conditions (NTDCs). The authors examined trends in waiting time and associated factors for NTDC-related ED visits in the United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors analyzed data from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care survey for 1997 to 2007, excluding 2001 and 2002 owing to lack of information about waiting times. The authors used a survey-weighted linear regression of log-transformed waiting-time model to determine the waiting time for NTDC-related visits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The geometric mean (standard error) waiting times for NTDC- and non-NTDC-related visits were 29 (1.0) and 25 (0.6) minutes, respectively (P < .01). The geometric mean waiting time for NTDC-related visits increased by 6 percent annually and from 20 minutes in 1997 to 37 minutes in 2007. Compared with whites, Hispanics and African Americans had significantly longer waiting times for NTDC-related visits (adjusted fold-difference [R] = 1.2, 95 percent confidence interval [CI] = 1.13-1.31) and [R] = 1.3, [CI] = 1.29-1.38). Age, payer type, reason for visit and triage category were significant predictors of waiting time (R = 2.3 and 2.4 for NTDC-related visits in the triage categories of more than one to two hours and more than two to 24 hours, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nationally, waiting times in EDs for NTDC-related visits increased over time. Compared with whites, Hispanics and blacks waited longer to receive care for NTDCs in EDs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prolonged waiting times associated with NTDC-related ED visits reinforce the need for dental professionals to continue to advise patients regarding the need to implement oral health preventive strategies and to avoid the use of the ED for preventable common dental conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Services, School of Dentistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wis. 53201-1881, USA. christopher.okunseri@marquette.edu
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Okunseri
authors.forename: Elaye
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Okunseri
authors.forename: Cesar A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Chilmaza
authors.forename: Shazeen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Harunani
authors.forename: Qun
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.forename: Aniko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Szabo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003729:Dental Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005382:Financing, Personal / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007348:Insurance, Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008484:Medicaid / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006278:Medicare / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D008913:Minority Groups / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D044469:Racial Groups / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D061665:Time-to-Treatment; D014218:Triage / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014481:United States; D014850:Waiting Lists; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Emergency health services; dental care; dental service utilization