title: A systematic review: current and future directions of dorsal root ganglion therapeutics to treat chronic pain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the study was to systematically review the historical therapeutics for chronic pain care directed at the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and to identify future trends and upcoming treatment strategies.
  
  
  METHODS
  A literature search on bibliographic resources, including EMBASE, PubMed Cochrane Database of Systemic Reviews from literature published from 1966 to December 1, 2012 to identify studies and treatments directed at the DRG to treat chronic pain, and was limited to the English language. Case series, case reports, and preclinical work were excluded. Information on emerging technologies and pharmacologics were captured separately, as they did not meet the inclusion criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The literature review yielded three current clinical treatment strategies: ganglionectomy, conventional radiofrequency treatment of the dorsal root ganglion, and pulsed radiofrequency treatment of the DRG. Seven studies were identified utilizing ganglionectomy, 14 for conventional radiofrequency, and 16 for pulsed radiofrequency. Electrical stimulation and novel therapeutic delivery strategies have been proposed and are in development.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite a robust understanding of the DRG and its importance in acute nociception, as well as the development and maintenance of chronic pain, relatively poor evidence exists regarding current therapeutic strategies. Novel therapies like electrical and pharmacologic strategies are on the horizon, and more prospective study is required to better qualify the role of the DRG in chronic pain care.
authors.affiliation: The Center for Pain Relief, Charleston, West Virginia.
authors.forename: Jason E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Pope
authors.forename: Timothy R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Deer
authors.forename: Jeffery
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kramer
mesh_terms: D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000628:therapy*; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005727:Ganglia, Spinal / Q000528:radiation effects* / Q000601:surgery*; D015171:Ganglionectomy / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D061208:Pulsed Radiofrequency Treatment / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends
keywords: Chronic Pain; DRG; Dorsal Root Ganglion; Spinal Cord Stimulation