title: Evaluation of biochemical markers in the golden mussel Limnoperna fortunei exposed to glyphosate acid in outdoor microcosms.
abstract: In this study, the impact of technical grade glyphosate acid on Limnoperna fortunei was assessed employing outdoor microcosms treated with nominal glyphosate concentrations of 1, 3 and 6 mg L(-1). At the end of the experiment (26 days), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), carboxylesterases (CES) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, and lipid peroxidation levels were analyzed. GST and ALP activities and lipid peroxidation levels showed a significant increase with respect to controls in the mussels exposed to glyphosate (up to 90, 500 and 69 percent, respectively). CES and SOD activities showed a significant decrease in glyphosate exposed bivalves with respect to controls (up to 48 and 37 percent, respectively). CAT and AChE did not show differences between exposed and no exposed bivalves. The increase in lipid peroxidation levels and the decrease in SOD and CES activities observed in L. fortunei indicate that glyphosate had adverse effects on the metabolism of this bivalve. The results of the present study also indicate that a "multibiomarker approach" provides a more precise knowledge of the impact of glyphosate on L. fortunei.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: María Mercedes
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Iummato
authors.forename: Eugenia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Di Fiori
authors.forename: Sebastián Eduardo
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Sabatini
authors.forename: Luis Claudio
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Cacciatore
authors.forename: Adriana Cristina
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Cochón
authors.forename: María del Carmen Ríos
authors.initials: Mdel C
authors.lastname: de Molina
authors.forename: Angela Beatriz
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Juárez
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D005998:Glycine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000633:toxicity; D006540:Herbicides / Q000633:toxicity*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D049879:Mytilidae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*; D000097797:Glyphosate
chemical_list: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D015415:Biomarkers; D002374:Catalase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D005998:Glycine; D006540:Herbicides; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D000097797:Glyphosate
keywords: Biomarkers; Glyphosate; Golden mussel; Limnoperna fortunei; Multibiomarker analysis