title: The social behavioral phenotype in boys and girls with an extra X chromosome (Klinefelter syndrome and Trisomy X): a comparison with autism spectrum disorder.
abstract: The present study aimed to gain more insight in the social behavioral phenotype, and related autistic symptomatology, of children with an extra X chromosome in comparison to children with ASD. Participants included 60 children with an extra X chromosome (34 boys with Klinefelter syndrome and 26 girls with Trisomy X), 58 children with ASD and 106 controls, aged 9 to 18 years. We used the Autism Diagnostic Interview, Social Responsiveness Scale, Social Anxiety Scale and Social Skills Rating System. In the extra X group, levels of social dysfunction and autism symptoms were increased, being in between controls and ASD. In contrast to the ASD group, the extra X group showed increased social anxiety. The effects were similar for boys and girls with an extra X chromosome.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Child and Adolescent Studies, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK, Leiden, The Netherlands, srijn@fsw.leidenuniv.nl.
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: van Rijn
authors.forename: Lex
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Stockmann
authors.forename: Martine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Borghgraef
authors.forename: Hilgo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bruining
authors.forename: Conny
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: van Ravenswaaij-Arts
authors.forename: Lutgarde
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Govaerts
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hansson
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Swaab
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002659:Child Development Disorders, Pervasive / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D041321:Chromosomes, Human, X; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007713:Klinefelter Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D010641:Phenotype; D012729:Sex Chromosome Aberrations; D058533:Sex Chromosome Disorders of Sex Development / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D012919:Social Behavior; D014314:Trisomy / Q000175:diagnosis