title: Anti-obesity effect of alkaline reduced water in high fat-fed obese mice.
abstract: Whether or not alkaline reduced water (ARW) has a positive effect on obesity is unclear. This study aims to prove the positive effect of ARW in high-fat (HF) diet-induced obesity (DIO) in C57BL/6 mice model. Toward this, obesity was induced by feeding the C57BL/6 male mice with high-fat diet (w/w 45% fat) for 12 weeks. Thereafter, the animals were administered with either ARW or tap water. Next, the degree of adiposity and DIO-associated parameters were assessed: clinico-pathological parameters, biochemical measurements, histopathological analysis of liver, the expression of cholesterol metabolism-related genes in the liver, and serum levels of adipokine and cytokine. We found that ARW-fed mice significantly ameliorated adiposity: controlled body weight gain, reduced the accumulation of epididymal fats and decreased liver fats as compared to control mice. Accordingly, ARW coordinated the level of adiponectin and leptin. Further, mRNA expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP)7A1 was upregulated. In summary, our data shows that ARW intake inhibits the progression of HF-DIO in mice. This is the first note on anti-obesity effect of ARW, clinically implying the safer fluid remedy for obesity control.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon 220–710, South Korea.
authors.forename: Rosa Mistica Coles
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Ignacio
authors.forename: Tae-Young
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Cheol-Su
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Soo-Ki
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Young-Chul
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Joon-Hyung
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Sohn
authors.forename: Kyu-Jae
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D050218:Body Fat Distribution; D001835:Body Weight; D002790:Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase / Q000235:genetics; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D004032:Diet; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D060766:Drinking Water / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry*; D015870:Gene Expression; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000166:cytology; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009765:Obesity / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D004041:Dietary Fats; D060766:Drinking Water; D002790:Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase; C502772:Cyp7a1 protein, mouse