title: Diversity of cultivable fungi associated with Antarctic marine sponges and screening for their antimicrobial, antitumoral and antioxidant potential.
abstract: The diversity of sponge-associated fungi has been poorly investigated in remote geographical areas like Antarctica. In this study, 101 phenotypically different fungal isolates were obtained from 11 sponge samples collected in King George Island, Antarctica. The analysis of ITS sequences revealed that they belong to the phylum Ascomycota. Sixty-five isolates belong to the genera Geomyces, Penicillium, Epicoccum, Pseudeurotium, Thelebolus, Cladosporium, Aspergillus, Aureobasidium, Phoma, and Trichocladium but 36 isolates could not be identified at genus level. In order to estimate the potential of these isolates as producers of interesting bioactivities, antimicrobial, antitumoral and antioxidant activities of fungal culture extracts were assayed. Around 51% of the extracts, mainly from the genus Geomyces and non identified relatives, showed antimicrobial activity against some of the bacteria tested. On the other hand, around 42% of the extracts showed potent antitumoral activity, Geomyces sp. having the best performance. Finally, the potential of the isolated fungi as producers of antioxidant activity seems to be moderate. Our results suggest that fungi associated with Antarctic sponges, particularly Geomyces, would be valuable sources of antimicrobial and antitumoral compounds. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the biodiversity and the metabolic potential of fungi associated with Antarctic marine sponges.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Marlene
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Henríquez
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vergara
authors.forename: Javiera
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Norambuena
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Beiza
authors.forename: Felipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Maza
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ubilla
authors.forename: Ivanna
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Araya
authors.forename: Renato
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chávez
authors.forename: Aurelio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: San-Martín
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Darias
authors.forename: María J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Darias
authors.forename: Inmaculada
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Vaca
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000864:Antarctic Regions; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D001203:Ascomycota / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer / Q000235:genetics; D011161:Porifera / Q000382:microbiology*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer