title: Determination of levels of current drugs in hospital and urban wastewater.
abstract: A rapid, sensitive and highly specific HPLC-MS/MS method with direct on-line preparation was applied for the determination of 20 common pharmaceuticals in hospital and urban wastewater. Median drug concentrations were quite similar in the majority of samples, cerca 1 μg L⁻¹ ranging from 0.06 to 2.67 μg L⁻¹ in both water. Pharmaceutical hospital contribution, below 1 %, was negligible, as compared to the huge amount in the municipal plant flow. Due to only partial elimination in the plant, hundreds of kilograms of harmful waste per year are discharged in the River Seine. Therefore, to reduce potential human and environmental exposure, a topic of major concern, an efficient drug treatment procedure should be used at the municipal plant stage in order to reduce urban wastewater pollution. The HPLC-MS/MS method could be a very useful tool to optimize the pharmaceutical wastewater treatment process.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Pharmacocinétique et de Toxicologie Cliniques, Groupe Hospitalier du Havre, BP 24, 76083 Le Havre, France.
authors.forename: Elodie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Saussereau
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lacroix
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guerbet
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cellier
authors.forename: Joël
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Spiroux
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Goullé
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000032:analysis; D000700:Analgesics / Q000032:analysis; D000777:Anesthetics / Q000032:analysis; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000032:analysis; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000032:analysis; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000032:analysis; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000032:analysis; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D006633:Histamine Antagonists / Q000032:analysis; D006761:Hospitals; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000032:analysis*; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000700:Analgesics; D000777:Anesthetics; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D000927:Anticonvulsants; D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents; D006633:Histamine Antagonists; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical