title: Anti-platelet-activating factor, antibacterial, and antiradical activities of lipids extract from silver carp brain.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Epidemiological studies have verified the protective role of fish lipids in cardiovascular diseases. However, the effects of fish lipids on health boost remain undefined. Large amounts of by-products, such as fish brain which contains high level of lipids, are produced with silver carp processing. Fish brain is rich in bioactive lipids which are overwhelmingly effective in preventing cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to elucidate the pharmacological activities of silver carp brain lipids against diseases by inhibiting platelet-activating factor (PAF), suppressing bacterial growth and scavenging free radicals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Total lipids (TL) were extracted from silver carp brain and separated into polar lipids (PL) and neutral lipids (NL). The capabilities of the lipid fractions in aggregating washed rabbit platelet or in inhibiting PAF-induced platelet aggregation were tested. Their antibacterial and antiradical activities were studied as well.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The lipid fractions exhibited strong inhibitory activities, and the activity of TL was mainly attributed to NL. TL exhibited antibacterial activity towards Staphylococcus aureus, while NL managed to fight against S. aureus and Escherichia coli. PL excelled TL and NL in simultaneously suppressing the growths of Shigella dysenteriae and Salmonella typhi besides those of S. aureus and E. coli. The scavenging effect of PL on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical was considerably higher than those of TL and NL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study may help to explain the protective role of fish lipids against diseases and may be responsible for the effectiveness of fish brain in benefiting health.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
authors.forename: Caixia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Wenshui
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Yanshun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Qixing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Shanshan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Yuwei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Peipie
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000187:drug effects; D001923:Brain Chemistry; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002347:Carps / Q000378:metabolism; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008055:Lipids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010851:Picrates / Q000378:metabolism; D010972:Platelet Activating Factor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D011817:Rabbits; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D014020:Tissue Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D008055:Lipids; D010851:Picrates; D010972:Platelet Activating Factor; D014020:Tissue Extracts; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl