title: Effects of large pressure amplitude low frequency noise in the parotid gland perivasculo-ductal connective tissue.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In tissues and organs exposed to large pressure amplitude low frequency noise fibrosis occurs in the absence of inflammatory signs, which is thought to be a protective response. In the parotid gland the perivasculo-ductal connective tissue surrounds arteries, veins and the ductal tree. Perivasculo-ductal connective tissue is believed to function as a mechanical stabilizer of the glandular tissue.
  
  
  METHODS
  In order to quantify the proliferation of perivasculo-ductal connective tissue in large pressure amplitude low frequency noise-exposed rats we used sixty Wistar rats which were equally divided into 6 groups. One group kept in silence, and the remaining five exposed to continuous large pressure amplitude low frequency noise: g1-168h (1 week); g2-504h (3 weeks); g3-840h (5 weeks); g4-1512h (9 weeks); and g5-2184h (13 weeks). After exposure, parotid glands were removed and the perivasculo-ductal connective tissue area was measured in all groups. We applied ANOVA statistical analysis, using SPSS 13.0.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The global trend is an increase in the average perivasculo-ductal connective tissue areas, that develops linearly and significantly with large pressure amplitude low frequency noise exposure time (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It has been suggested that the biological response to large pressure amplitude low frequency noise exposure is associated with the need to maintain structural integrity. The structural reinforcement would be achieved by increased perivasculo-ductal connective tissue.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hence, these results show that in response to large pressure amplitude low frequency noise exposure, rat parotid glands increase their perivasculo-ductal connective tissue.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz, Monte de Caparica, Portugal.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brito
authors.forename: João
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mendes
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: da Fonseca
authors.forename: Artur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Águas
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Martins dos Santos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003238:Connective Tissue / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D009622:Noise / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010306:Parotid Gland / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology*; D055585:Physical Phenomena; D011312:Pressure; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar