title: Therapeutic effects of bacteriophages against Salmonella gallinarum infection in chickens.
abstract: In this study the isolation and characterization of three bacteriophages (ST4, L13, and SG3) infecting Salmonella gallinarum were carried out. They were further tested for their in vivo efficacy in phage therapy. All three phages belong to the Siphoviridae family with isometric heads and non-contractile tails. They have a broad host range among serovars of Salmonella enterica. The burst sizes were observed to be 1670, 80, and 28 for ST4, L13, and SG3, respectively. The in vivo efficacy of the phages was tested in chickens. Layer chickens were challenged with S. gallinarum, whereas contact chickens were cohabited without direct challenge. Each bacteriophage was orally inoculated in the form of feed additives. Mortality was observed and S. gallinarum was periodically re-isolated from the livers, spleens, and cecums of the chickens. Bacterial re-isolation from the organs and mortality decreased significantly in both challenged and contact chickens treated with the bacteriophages compared with untreated chickens serving as the control. The three bacteriophages may be effective alternatives to antibiotics for the control of fowl typhoid disease in chickens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yong-In 449-791, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Sik
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Jipseol
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Jinju
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Suk
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Wongi
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Min
authors.forename: Heejoon
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Myung
mesh_terms: D000825:Animal Structures / Q000382:microbiology; D000818:Animals; D001691:Biological Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D002645:Chickens; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D058507:Host Specificity; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D012483:Salmonella Phages / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D019779:Salmonella enterica / Q000821:virology; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017906:Siphoviridae / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014771:Virion / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral