title: Column and batch tests of sulfonamide leaching from different types of soil.
abstract: Sulfonamides (SAs) and their metabolites present severe hazards to human health and the environment, mainly because of antibiotic resistance. Knowledge of their bioavailability, including their sorption to soils and their impact on the soil-groundwater pathway, is crucial to their risk assessment. Laboratory batch and column leaching tests are important tools for determining the release potential of contaminants from soil or waste materials. Batch and column tests were carried out with soils differing in particle size distribution, organic matter content and pH, each spiked with sulfonamides (sulfadimethoxine (SDM), sulfaguanidine (SGD), sulfisoxazole (SX)). In order to test the applicability of leaching tests to polar contaminants batch and column tests were also compared. In the column tests, release was found to depend on the properties of both soil and sulfonamides. The fastest release was observed for coarse-grained soil with the smallest organic matter content (MS soil; 100% decrease in concentration until liquid-to-solid ratio (L/S) of 0.9 L kg(-1) for all SAs). The slowest release was established for sulfadimethoxine (24.5% decrease in concentration until L/S 1.22 L kg(-1)). The results of the batch and column tests were comparable to a large extent, with slightly higher concentrations being obtained in the column test experiments of fine-grained soils with a high organic matter content.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Analysis, Institute for Environmental and Human Health Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, ul. Sobieskiego 18, 80-952 Gdansk, Poland. joanna.maszkowska@chem.univ.gda.pl
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Maszkowska
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kołodziejska
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Białk-Bielińska
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mrozik
authors.forename: Jolanta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kumirska
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stepnowski
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Palavinskas
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Krüger
authors.forename: Ute
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kalbe
mesh_terms: D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D013412:Sulfadimethoxine / Q000032:analysis; D013414:Sulfaguanidine / Q000032:analysis; D013444:Sulfisoxazole / Q000032:analysis; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000737:chemistry*; D014866:Waste Products / Q000032:analysis; D014873:Water Pollutants; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D013449:Sulfonamides; D014866:Waste Products; D014873:Water Pollutants; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D013414:Sulfaguanidine; D013412:Sulfadimethoxine; D013444:Sulfisoxazole; D002244:Carbon
keywords: Batch test; Column test; Leaching; Soil; Sulfonamides