title: Long-term effect of the Go4it group treatment for obese adolescents: a randomised controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Few studies evaluating treatment of adolescent obesity have been published. Therefore, long-term effects of the Go4it group treatment for obese adolescents were examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Obese adolescents (11-18 years) visiting an outpatient paediatric obesity clinic were randomly assigned to 1) intervention group (Go4it) or 2) current regular care i.e. referral to a dietician in the home care setting (controls). Linear mixed models analysis was performed to evaluate intervention effects. Effect modification by sex, age and ethnicity was checked. Outcome measures included body mass index standard deviation score (BMIsds), body composition and metabolic components at 6 and 18 months follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  122 adolescents, 71 Go4it and 51 controls, with a mean BMIsds of 2.9 ± 0.5 were randomised. At 18 months a modest significant reduction in BMIsds (between group difference: -0.16; 95%CI: -0.30, -0.02; p = .028) was observed. None of the other body composition or metabolic components showed significant treatment effects. Ethnicity was a significant effect modifier. Posthoc analysis showed a large significant reduction on BMIsds (between group difference: -0.35; 95%CI: -0.64, -0.07) at 18 months for obese adolescents from western descent, while no effect was observed for adolescents from non-western descent. Significant treatment effects were also observed for systolic and diastolic blood pressure, as well as HDL cholesterol level, but only for obese adolescents from western descent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Go4it showed promising long-term effects on BMIsds compared with regular care in obese adolescents. Larger benefits were achieved for adolescents of western ethnicity. This trial was registered at www.trialregister.nl with the Netherlands Trial Register as ISRCTN27626398.
authors.affiliation: Nutrition & Dietetics, Dept. of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: A.Hofsteenge@vumc.nl.
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Hofsteenge
authors.affiliation: EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Dept. of Public and Occupational Health, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M J M
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Chinapaw
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Paediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Dept. of Paediatrics, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Delemarre-van de Waal
authors.affiliation: Nutrition & Dietetics, Dept. of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Dept. of Nutrition & Dietetics, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: P J M
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Weijs
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D002648:Child; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009426:Netherlands; D009765:Obesity / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D061217:Weight Reduction Programs
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D007328:Insulin; D014280:Triglycerides
keywords: Adolescents; Anthropometrics; Body composition; Metabolic factors; Multidisciplinary group treatment; Obese