title: Corticospinal excitability during walking in humans with absent and partial body weight support.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish changes in corticospinal excitability with absent and partial body weight support (BWS), and determine test-retest reliability of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) recordings during stepping in healthy humans.
  
  
  METHODS
  The tibialis anterior (TA) and soleus MEPs during stepping at 0 and at 25 BWS were recorded in two experimental sessions in the same subjects. Transcranial magnetic stimulation was delivered randomly across the step cycle at 1.2×TA MEP resting threshold. The non-stimulated associated electromyogram (EMG) was subtracted from the TA and soleus MEPs at identical time windows and bins of the step cycle, and the resultant values were normalized to the maximal homologous EMG activity during stepping. The relationship between MEPs and background EMG activity was determined for each BWS level and session tested.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The TA MEPs were facilitated at heel contact, progressively decreased during the stance phase, and facilitated throughout the swing phase of the step cycle. In contrast, the soleus MEPs were progressively increased at early-stance, depressed at the stance-to-swing transition, and remained depressed throughout the swing phase. The TA and soleus MEPs were modulated in a similar pattern across sessions at 0 and at 25 BWS, and were linearly related to the associated background EMG activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results provide evidence that reduced body weight loading does not alter the strength of corticospinal excitability, and that MEPs can be reliably recorded at different sessions during stepping in healthy humans.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A rehabilitation strategy to restore gait in neurological disorders utilizes BWS during stepping on a motorized treadmill. Based on our findings, the strength of corticospinal drive will not be affected negatively during stepping under conditions of partial body loading.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Center/Department of Physical Therapy, City University of New York, NY, USA; Sensory Motor Performance Program, Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA. Electronic address: Maria.Knikou@csi.cuny.edu.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Knikou
authors.forename: Nupur
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hajela
authors.forename: Chaithanya K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Mummidisetty
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001835:Body Weight; D004576:Electromyography; D019054:Evoked Potentials, Motor / Q000502:physiology*; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology; D011712:Pyramidal Tracts / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology*; D016474:Weight-Bearing / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Body unloading; Corticospinal excitability; Motor evoked potentials; Transcranial magnetic stimulation; Walking