title: The windsock syndrome: subpulmonic obstruction by membranous ventricular septal aneurysm in congenitally corrected transposition of great arteries.
abstract: Anomalies of the membranous portion of the interventricular septum include perimembranous ventricular septal defect and/or membranous septal aneurysm (MSA). In congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (L-TGA in sinus solitus), the combination of ventricular inversion and arterial transposition creates a unique anatomic substrate that fosters subpulmonic left ventricular outflow tract obstruction by an MSA. The combination of an L-TGA with subpulmonic obstruction by an MSA is referred to as the windsock syndrome. We report a case of windsock syndrome in a 25-year-old man which is to our knowledge the first three-dimensional echocardiographic description of this congenital entity.
authors.affiliation: Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Louai
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Razzouk
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Applebaum
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Okamura
authors.forename: Muhamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saric
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000080041:Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D006345:Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013577:Syndrome; D014188:Transposition of Great Vessels / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014694:Ventricular Outflow Obstruction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*
keywords: L-TGA; aneurysm; congenitally corrected transposition of great arteries; obstruction; windsock