title: Positive parenting program (triple P) for families of adolescents with type 1 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial of self-directed teen triple P.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) have shown improvements in glycemic control and family relations, via clinic-based family interventions. However, reach and clinician availability may be limited. We evaluated a self-directed intervention for this purpose.
  
  
  METHODS
  Recruitment for a randomized controlled trial (RCT) occurred through national advertising with diabetes charities and conducted with online data collection. Parents of 11-17-year-olds with diabetes were randomized to usual care (n = 37) or intervention (n = 42) using computerized block randomization. The 10-week intervention comprised the Self-directed Teen Triple P workbook (10 × 1 hr modules) plus chronic illness tip sheet. Primary outcomes of diabetes-related family conflict and parenting stress were assessed pre and post-intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intention-to-treat analyses (n = 79) identified significantly improved diabetes-related conflict, but not parental stress, compared with usual care.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The preliminary findings suggest that this could be a useful way to expand intervention reach for this population.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Queensland. francescadoherty@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Francesca M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Doherty
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Calam
authors.forename: Matthew R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Sanders
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000523:psychology*; D054541:Family Conflict / Q000523:psychology*; D005196:Family Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008960:Models, Psychological; D016487:Parenting / Q000523:psychology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: adherence; adolescents; children; chronic illness; diabetes; family functioning; family therapy; health behavior; parent stress; parenting; parent–adolescent communication; randomized controlled trial