title: Development and initial validation of the Impression Motivation in Sport Questionnaire-Team.
abstract: Impression motivation is an important individual difference variable that has been under-researched in sport psychology, partly due to having no appropriate measure. This study was conducted to design a measure of impression motivation in team-sport athletes. Construct validity checks decreased the initial pool of items, factor analysis (n = 310) revealed the structure of the newly developed scale, and exploratory structural equation modeling procedures (n = 406) resulted in a modified scale that retained theoretical integrity and psychometric parsimony. This process produced a 15-item, 4-factor model; the Impression Motivation in Sport Questionnaire-Team (IMSQ-T) is forwarded as a valid measure of the respondent's dispositional strength of motivation to use self-presentation in striving for four distinct interpersonal objectives: self-development, social identity development, avoidance of negative outcomes, and avoidance of damaging impressions. The availability of this measure has contributed to theoretical development, will facilitate research, and offers a tool for use in applied settings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sport & Exercise Science, Institute of Human Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, UK.
authors.forename: Simon Mark
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Payne
authors.forename: Joanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hudson
authors.forename: Sally
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akehurst
authors.forename: Nikos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ntoumanis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D056352:Athletes / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation / Q000502:physiology*; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013177:Sports / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D055815:Young Adult