title: Phytophthora capsici-tomato interaction features dramatic shifts in gene expression associated with a hemi-biotrophic lifestyle.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Plant-microbe interactions feature complex signal interplay between pathogens and their hosts. Phytophthora species comprise a destructive group of fungus-like plant pathogens, collectively affecting a wide range of plants important to agriculture and natural ecosystems. Despite the availability of genome sequences of both hosts and microbes, little is known about the signal interplay between them during infection. In particular, accurate descriptions of coordinate relationships between host and microbe transcriptional programs are lacking.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Here, we explore the molecular interaction between the hemi-biotrophic broad host range pathogen Phytophthora capsici and tomato. Infection assays and use of a composite microarray allowed us to unveil distinct changes in both P. capsici and tomato transcriptomes, associated with biotrophy and the subsequent switch to necrotrophy. These included two distinct transcriptional changes associated with early infection and the biotrophy to necrotrophy transition that may contribute to infection and completion of the P. capsici lifecycle
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest dynamic but highly regulated transcriptional programming in both host and pathogen that underpin P. capsici disease and hemi-biotrophy. Dynamic expression changes of both effector-coding genes and host factors involved in immunity, suggests modulation of host immune signaling by both host and pathogen. With new unprecedented detail on transcriptional reprogramming, we can now explore the coordinate relationships that drive host-microbe interactions and the basic processes that underpin pathogen lifestyles. Deliberate alteration of lifestyle-associated transcriptional changes may allow prevention or perhaps disruption of hemi-biotrophic disease cycles and limit damage caused by epidemics.
authors.forename: Julietta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jupe
authors.forename: Remco
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stam
authors.forename: Andrew J M
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Howden
authors.forename: Jenny A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: Runxuan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Pete E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Hedley
authors.forename: Edgar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Huitema
mesh_terms: D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D010838:Phytophthora / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D057865:Plant Immunity / Q000235:genetics; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors