title: The prognostic significance of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β expression in the vascular endothelial cells of colorectal cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Currently, little is known regarding the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-β (PPAR β) in the vascular endothelial cells (VECs) of colorectal cancers (CRCs). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of PPAR β expression in the VECs of CRCs in terms of the prognosis and clinicopathological features of CRC patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The expression and localization of PPAR β in the primary cancers and the matched normal mucosal samples of 141 Swedish CRC patients were analyzed in terms of its correlation with clinicopathological features and the expression of angiogenesis-related genes. This study also included 92 Chinese CRC patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PPAR β was predominantly localized in the cytoplasm and was significantly downregulated in the VECs of CRC compared to that of the normal mucosa. The low expression levels of PPAR β in the VECs of CRC were statistically correlated with enhanced differentiation, early staging and favorable overall survival and were associated with the increased expression of VEGF and D2-40. The patients exhibiting elevated expression of PPAR β in CRC cells but reduced expression in VECs exhibited more favorable survival compared with the other patients, whereas the patients with reduced expression of PPAR β in CRC cells but increased expression in VECs exhibited less favorable prognosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PPAR β might play a tumor suppressor role in CRC cells in contrast to a tumor promoter role in the VECs of CRCs.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Digestive Surgery and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Lie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Gunnar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Arbman
authors.forename: Ke-Ling
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Yong-Yang
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Cun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xian-Ming
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Mo
authors.forename: You
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Zong-Guang
authors.initials: ZG
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Xiao-Feng
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000235:genetics*; D048068:PPAR-beta / Q000235:genetics*; D011379:Prognosis; D015996:Survival Rate; D013548:Sweden
chemical_list: D048068:PPAR-beta