title: Endostar combined with cisplatin inhibits tumor growth and lymphatic metastasis of lewis lung carcinoma xenografts in mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of endostar, a recombined humanized endostatin, plus cisplatin on the growth, lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis of the Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) in mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  A tumor model were established in C57BL/6 mice by intravenious transplantation of LLC cells. Then the mice were randomized to receive administration with NS, endostar, cisplatin, or endostar plus cisplatin. After the mice were sacrificed, tumor multiplicity, tumor size and lymph node metastasis were assessed. Then the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-c (VEGF-C) and podoplanin were determined by immunohistochemical staining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Endostar plus cisplatin significantly suppressed tumor growth. lymphatic metastasis and prolonged survival time of the mice without obvious toxicity. The inhibition of lymphatic metastasis was associated with decreased microlymphatic vessel density (MLVD) and expression of VEGF-C.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endostar combined with cisplatin was more effective to suppress tumor growth and lymphatic metastasis than either agent alone. Thus this may provide a rational alternative for lung carcinoma treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, China. dxp3260@sina.com
authors.forename: Xiao-Peng
authors.initials: XP
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Tian-Hui
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Xiao-Gang
authors.initials: XG
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D015153:Blotting, Western; D018827:Carcinoma, Lewis Lung / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D043169:Endostatins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D042601:Lymphatic Vessels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D015996:Survival Rate; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D043169:Endostatins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C522911:endostar protein; D002945:Cisplatin