title: Insights into the role of DNA methylation in diatoms by genome-wide profiling in Phaeodactylum tricornutum.
abstract: DNA cytosine methylation is a widely conserved epigenetic mark in eukaryotes that appears to have critical roles in the regulation of genome structure and transcription. Genome-wide methylation maps have so far only been established from the supergroups Archaeplastida and Unikont. Here we report the first whole-genome methylome from a stramenopile, the marine model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Around 6% of the genome is intermittently methylated in a mosaic pattern. We find extensive methylation in transposable elements. We also detect methylation in over 320 genes. Extensive gene methylation correlates strongly with transcriptional silencing and differential expression under specific conditions. By contrast, we find that genes with partial methylation tend to be constitutively expressed. These patterns contrast with those found previously in other eukaryotes. By going beyond plants, animals and fungi, this stramenopile methylome adds significantly to our understanding of the evolution of DNA methylation in eukaryotes.
authors.affiliation: Environmental and Evolutionary Genomics Section, Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure, CNRS UMR 8197 INSERM U1024, 46 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Alaguraj
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Veluchamy
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Maumus
authors.forename: Maximo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rivarola
authors.forename: Jaysheel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bhavsar
authors.forename: Todd
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Creasy
authors.forename: Kimberly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.forename: Naomi A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Sengamalay
authors.forename: Luke J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Tallon
authors.forename: Andrew D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Edda
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rayko
authors.forename: Ikhlak
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Le Crom
authors.forename: Gregory K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Farrant
authors.forename: Jean-Yves
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Sgro
authors.forename: Sue A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Olson
authors.forename: Sandra Splinter
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Bondurant
authors.forename: Andrew E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: Pablo D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Rabinowicz
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Sussman
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bowler
authors.forename: Leïla
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tirichine
mesh_terms: D002875:Chromosomes / Q000235:genetics; D019175:DNA Methylation / Q000235:genetics*; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements / Q000235:genetics; D017377:Diatoms / Q000235:genetics*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D056426:Genetic Loci / Q000235:genetics; D016678:Genome / Q000235:genetics*; D012091:Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004251:DNA Transposable Elements