title: An ipsilateral comparison of acceleromyography and electromyography during recovery from nondepolarizing neuromuscular block under general anesthesia in humans.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Residual neuromuscular block is defined as a mechanomyography (MMG) or electromyography (EMG) train-of-four (TOF) ratio <0.90, and is common in patients receiving neuromuscular blocking drugs. Objective neuromuscular monitoring is the only reliable way to detect and exclude residual neuromuscular block. Acceleromyography (AMG) is commercially available and easy to use in the clinical setting. However, AMG is not interchangeable with MMG or EMG. Currently, it is unclear what value must be reached by AMG TOF ratio to reliably exclude residual neuromuscular block.
  
  
  METHODS
  During spontaneous recovery from neuromuscular block, we monitored TOF ratio on the same arm using AMG at the adductor pollicis and EMG at the first dorsal interosseus. AMG and EMG TOF ratios were compared by the Bland-Altman analysis for repeated measurements. The precision of each device was assessed by the repeatability coefficient. A small repeatability coefficient indicates high precision of the device. The agreement between the devices was assessed by the bias and the 95% limits of agreement. Small bias and narrow limits of agreement indicate strong agreement. We defined clinically acceptable agreement between AMG and EMG as a bias <0.025 and limits of agreement within -0.050 to 0.050, provided that the control comparison between EMG and itself can fulfill these criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 26 patients, 261 comparisons between AMG and EMG were made. The repeatability coefficient of AMG and EMG were 0.094 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.088-0.100) and 0.051 (95% CI, 0.048-0.055), respectively. The bias between AMG and EMG TOF ratio was 0.176 (95% CI, 0.162-0.190), with limits of agreement -0.045 to 0.396 (95% CI, -0.067 to 0.419).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AMG is less precise than EMG and overestimates EMG TOF ratio by at least 0.15. The lack of agreement cannot be attributed to instrumental imprecision or the baseline difference between successive measurements during spontaneous recovery of neuromuscular function. Residual neuromuscular block cannot be excluded on reaching an AMG TOF ratio of 1.00.
authors.affiliation: Concord Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Sophie S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Phillips
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000762:Anesthesia Recovery Period; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D004576:Electromyography / Q000295:instrumentation; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019148:Neuromuscular Blockade / Q000379:methods*; D009469:Neuromuscular Junction / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D061886:Neuromuscular Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents