title: Multiorgan procurement increases systemic inflammation in brain dead donors.
abstract: Organs available for solid organ transplantation are mainly procured from brain dead donors. The inflammation associated with brain death may reduce organ quality and increase organ immunogenicity, thus leading to inferior recipient outcome. We hypothesized that the extensive surgical procedure performed during multiorgan procurement enhances the levels of systemic inflammatory biomarkers. We measured the levels of 27 cytokines and the terminal complement complex (TCC) in plasma samples from brain dead organ donors (n = 34) drawn before and at three specific time points during procurement surgery. Baseline levels of G-CSF, interferon-γ, IL-1ra, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IP-10, MCP-1, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1β, platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), regulated upon activation T cell expressed and secreted, and tumor necrosis factor-α were significantly elevated in brain dead donors compared with normal individuals (n = 14), but they were not associated with time on ventilator or any other registered clinical variable. Notably, the secretion of G-CSF, IL1-ra, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1β, PDGF, and TCC, the latter reflecting ongoing complement activation, increased significantly during surgery. None of the biomarker increases were correlated with operation duration. Multiorgan procurement surgery significantly adds to the inflammatory response revealed by both pro- and anti-inflammatory biomarkers associated with brain death. Future studies should determine whether this is associated with inferior recipient outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway. henrikauraen@gmail.com
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Auråen
authors.forename: Tom E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Mollnes
authors.forename: Øystein
authors.initials: Ø
authors.lastname: Bjørtuft
authors.forename: Per A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Bakkan
authors.forename: Odd
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Geiran
authors.forename: Johny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kongerud
authors.forename: Arnt
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fiane
authors.forename: Are M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Holm
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D001926:Brain Death / Q000473:pathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016377:Organ Transplantation; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D018746:Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome / Q000209:etiology*; D014019:Tissue Donors; D020858:Tissue and Organ Harvesting / Q000009:adverse effects*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: brain death; inflammation; organ transplantation