title: The effects of Cosmos caudatus (ulam raja) on dynamic and cellular bone histomorphometry in ovariectomized rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cosmos caudatus is a local plant which has antioxidant properties and contains high calcium. It is also reported to be able to strengthen the bone. This report is an extension to previously published article in Evidence Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (doi:10.1155/2012/817814). In this study, we determined the effectiveness of C. caudatus as an alternative treatment for osteoporosis due to post-menopause by looking at the dynamic and cellular paramaters of bone histomorphometry.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty female Wistar rats were divided into four groups i.e. sham operated, ovariectomized, ovariectomized treated with calcium 1% ad libitum and ovariectomized force-fed with 500 mg/kg C. caudatus extract. Treatment was given six days a week for eight weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dynamic and cellular histomorphometry parameters were measured. C. caudatus increased double-labeled surface (dLS/BS), mineral appositional rate (MAR), osteoid volume (OV/BV) and osteoblast surface (Ob.S/BS). C. caudatus also gave better results compared to calcium 1% in the osteoid volume (OV/BV) parameter.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  C. caudatus at the 500 mg/kg dose may be an alternative treatment in restoring bone damage that may occur in post-menopausal women.
authors.forename: Norazlina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mohamed
authors.forename: Zulaikha
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sahhugi
authors.forename: Elvy Suhana Mohd
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Ramli
authors.forename: Norliza
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Muhammad
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019659:Asteraceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D010052:Ovariectomy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts