title: Implementing technology-based embedded assessment in the home and community life of individuals aging with disabilities: a participatory research and development study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of the study was to investigate the accuracy, feasibility and acceptability of implementing an embedded assessment system in the homes of individuals aging with disabilities.
  
  
  METHODS
  We developed and studied a location tracking system, UbiTrack, which can be used for both indoor and outdoor location sensing. The system was deployed in the homes of five participants with spinal cord injuries, muscular dystrophy, multiple sclerosis and late effects of polio. We collected sensor data throughout the deployment, conducted pre and post interviews and collected weekly diaries to measure ground truth.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The system was deployed successfully although there were challenges related to system installation and calibration. System accuracy ranged from 62% to 87% depending upon room configuration and number of wireless access points installed. In general, participants reported that the system was easy to use, did not require significant effort on their part and did not interfere with their daily lives.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Embedded assessment has great potential as a mechanism to gather ongoing information about the health of individuals aging with disabilities; however, there are significant challenges to its implementation in real-world settings with people with disabilities that will need to be resolved before it can be practically implemented.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Technology-based embedded assessment has the potential to promote health for adults with disabilities and allow for aging in place. It may also reduce the difficulty, cost and intrusiveness of health measurement. Many new commercial and non-commercial products are available to support embedded assessment; however, most products have not been well-tested in real-world environments with individuals aging with disability. Community settings and diverse population of people with disabilities pose significant challenges to the implementation of embedded assessment systems.
authors.affiliation: Electrical Engineering .
authors.forename: Ke-Yu
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Harniss
authors.forename: Shwetak
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Kurt
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging; D003199:Computer Systems; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000534:rehabilitation