title: Comparison of cardiac output derived from FloTrac™/Vigileo™ and impedance cardiography during major abdominal surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Impedance cardiography (ICG) is a noninvasive technique that provides reasonably accurate measurements of cardiac output, but the usefulness of ICG in patients undergoing open abdominal surgery has not been validated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cardiac output was measured while patients underwent open gastrectomy using an ICG monitor (niccomo™; ICG-CO); the results were compared with those measured using a FloTrac™/Vigileo™ monitor (Flo-CO), which measures cardiac output by analysing the arterial waveform. Data collection commenced at the beginning of anaesthetic induction and continued until the patient was awake. Data were compared using the Bland-Altman analysis, and the clinical significance of the difference between the two methods was evaluated by calculating the percentage error (%).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eleven patients were monitored during surgery. The bias of the Flo-CO and ICG-CO values was -0.45 l/min. The upper and lower limits of agreement were 0.96 l/min and -1.85 l/min, respectively. The percentage error was 28.5%. Electrocautery induced interference that transiently impaired the performance of the ICG monitor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ICG provided useful information in evaluating the cardiac output of patients during abdominal surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ji-Yeon
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Bo-Ram
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kang-Hun
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Kyung-Woo
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jun-Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sang-Il
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Kyung-Tae
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Won-Joo
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Choe
authors.forename: Jang-Su
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Jung-Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000601:surgery*; D000368:Aged; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000502:physiology*; D002307:Cardiography, Impedance; D004564:Electrocoagulation; D005260:Female; D005743:Gastrectomy; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007702:Kinetocardiography; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
keywords:    niccomo™; Cardiac output; FloTrac™/Vigileo™; continuous haemodynamic monitoring; impedance cardiography