title: Effects of magnesium pretreatment on the levels of T helper cytokines and on the severity of reperfusion syndrome in patients undergoing living donor liver transplantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Magnesium has protective effects in ischaemia-reperfusion injury, and is involved in immunomodulation. We investigated the effects of magnesium pretreatment on the secretion of T helper (Th) cytokines and on the severity of post-reperfusion syndrome (PRS) in patients undergoing living donor liver transplantation (LDLT).
  
  
  METHODS
  forty patients were allocated to two groups of 20 (magnesium and saline groups). Blood samples for cytokine analysis were collected before infusion of the study solution at the end of anhepatic phase (time point 1), as well as five min and 30 min after allograft reperfusion (time points 2 and 3, respectively). Levels of cytokines were quantified using a sandwich enzyme immunoassay test kit.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The duration of PRS was shorter in the magnesium group (p = 0.038). The level of interferon (IFN)-γ released from Th1 was lower in the magnesium group at time point 3 (p = 0.009). Of the cytokines released from Th2 cells, interleukin (IL)-6 was present in higher concentrations in the magnesium group at time points 2 and 3 (p<0.05). The concentrations of IL-4 and IL-10, which were secreted from Th2 cells, were also higher in the magnesium group at time point 3 (p<0.05). The IFN-γ /IL-6, IFN-γ /IL-4 and IFN-γ /IL-10 ratios were lower in the magnesium group after allograft reperfusion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Magnesium pretreatment attenuated PRS and reinforced Th2 cell activity, shifting the Th1-to-Th2 cytokine balance towards Th2 in patients undergoing LDLT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Sik
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Chul Soo
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Sang Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Serin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Mi-La
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Yang-Mi
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Her
authors.forename: Gye Jeol
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Sa
authors.forename: Jaemin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jong Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D019520:Living Donors; D008274:Magnesium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019990:Perioperative Care; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D013577:Syndrome; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D008274:Magnesium
keywords: cytokine; helper T cells; liver transplantation; magnesium