title: Alterations in white matter microstructure in women recovered from anorexia nervosa.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A recent study of ill individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) reported microstructural alterations in white matter integrity including lower fractional anisotropy and higher mean diffusivity. This study was designed to determine whether such alterations exist in long-term recovered AN individuals and to examine potential associations with underlying AN traits.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve adult women recovered from restricting-type AN and 10 control women were studied using diffusion tensor imaging.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, there was no significant fractional anisotropy alteration in recovered AN, in contrast to a prior study reporting lower fractional anisotropy in ill AN. Further, recovered AN showed lower mean diffusivity in frontal, parietal and cingulum white matter relative to control women, contrary to elevated mean diffusivity previously reported in ill AN. Lower longitudinal diffusivity in recovered AN was associated with higher harm avoidance. However, more severe illness history was associated with worse white matter integrity after recovery in the same direction as reported in prior work.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that fractional anisotropy in recovered AN is not different from controls, however, a novel pattern of lower mean diffusivity was evidenced in recovered AN, and this alteration was associated with harm avoidance. Notably, severity of illness history may have long-term consequences, emphasizing the importance of aggressive treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.
authors.forename: Wai-Ying Wendy
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Yau
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bischoff-Grethe
authors.forename: Rebecca J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Theilmann
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: Walter H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Kaye
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fennema-Notestine
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016880:Anisotropy; D000856:Anorexia Nervosa / Q000473:pathology* / Q000523:psychology; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000473:pathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D056324:Diffusion Tensor Imaging; D005260:Female; D040261:Harm Reduction; D006801:Humans; D009413:Nerve Fibers, Myelinated / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014463:Ultrasonography
keywords: anorexia nervosa; anxiety; diffusion tensor imaging; eating disorders; harm avoidance; white matter