title: Irrigation of three wetland species and a hyperaccumlating fern with arsenic-laden solutions: observations of growth, arsenic uptake, nutrient status, and chlorophyll content.
abstract: Engineered wetlands can be an integral part of a treatment strategy for remediating arsenic-contaminated wastewater, wherein, As is removed by adsorption to soil particles, chemical transformation, precipitation, or accumulation by plants. The remediation process could be optimized by choosing plant species that take up As throughout the seasonal growing period. This report details experiments that utilize wetland plant species native to Ohio (Carex stricta, Pycnanthemum virginianum, and Spartina pectinata) that exhibit seasonally related maximal growth rates, plus one hyperaccumulating fern (Pteris vittata) that was used to compare arsenic tolerance. All plants were irrigated with control or As-laden nutrient solutions (either 0, 1.5, or 25 mg As L(-1)) for 52 d. Biomass, nutrient content, and chlorophyll content were compared between plants treated and control plants (n = 5). At the higher concentration of arsenic (25 mg L(-1)), plant biomass, leaf area, and total chlorophyll were all lower than values in control plants. A tolerance index, based on total plant biomass at the end of the experiment, indicated C. stricta (0.99) and S. pectinata (0.84) were more tolerant than the other plant species when irrigated with 1.5 mg As L(-1). These plant species can be considered as candidates for engineered wetlands.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, USA.
authors.forename: Jordan R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Rofkar
authors.forename: Daryl F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Dwyer
mesh_terms: D001151:Arsenic / Q000633:toxicity*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D018533:Biomass; D031255:Carex Plant / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000378:metabolism; D019686:Lamiaceae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D009820:Ohio; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D018520:Plant Shoots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D006109:Poaceae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D032495:Pteris / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D013045:Species Specificity; D053833:Wetlands
chemical_list: D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D002734:Chlorophyll; D001151:Arsenic