title: Evaluation of bone regenerative capacity following distraction osteogenesis of goat mandibles using two different bone cutting techniques.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the regenerative capacity of goat mandibles following sagittal split osteotomy and distraction osteogenesis with a vertical body osteotomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bilateral vertical and sagittal body osteotomy was performed on the left and right sides of the mandibles in 18 goats. The distraction period lasted for 10 days at 1 mm/day. Animals were sacrificed at 0, 10, and 35 days post-distraction. Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone volume (BV) were analysed by microcomputed tomography (MCT). Types of bone and cells present in the regenerated defect sites were analysed histologically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 0, 10, and 35 days, BMD was 0.358 ± 0.012, 0.410 ± 0.012, and 1.070 ± 0.019, respectively, for vertical osteotomy and 0.420 ± 0.013, 0.421 ± 0.009 and 1.182 ± 0.030, respectively, for sagittal osteotomy. BV was 973.310 ± 5.048, 1234.589 ± 4.159, and 2121.867 ± 6.519, respectively, for vertical osteotomy and 995.967 ± 2.781, 1755.938 ± 4.379, and 2618.441 ± 21.429, respectively, for sagittal osteotomy at these three time points. BMD and BV differed significantly at all three times. Histological analysis shows that sagittal splitting was characterized by more robust lamellar bone formation bridging the distraction gap than vertical body osteotomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both MCT and histological analyses showed that distraction using the sagittal osteotomy technique resulted in significantly higher BV and BMD than using vertical body osteotomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, PO Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia; Engineer Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Growth Factors and Bone Regeneration, 3D Imaging and Biomechanical Lab, College of Biomedical Applied Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: nassernoohomfs@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Nasser
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nooh
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, PO Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
authors.forename: Walid A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Abdullah
authors.affiliation: Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: El-Awady Grawish
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, PO Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Sundar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ramalingam
authors.affiliation: Oral Biology, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Ghada
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Engineer Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Growth Factors and Bone Regeneration, 3D Imaging and Biomechanical Lab, College of Biomedical Applied Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Fawad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Javed
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Engineer Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Growth Factors and Bone Regeneration, 3D Imaging and Biomechanical Lab, College of Biomedical Applied Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Khalid
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Al-Hezaimi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D016723:Bone Remodeling / Q000502:physiology; D002146:Bony Callus / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002356:Cartilage / Q000473:pathology; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000473:pathology; D006041:Goats; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D016268:Internal Fixators; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D009929:Organ Size; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D019857:Osteogenesis, Distraction / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000379:methods*; D059229:Osteotomy, Sagittal Split Ramus / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography / Q000379:methods
keywords: Distraction osteogenesis; Histology; Mandible; Micro-CT; Sagittal split osteotomy; Vertical body osteotomy