title: GC-MS study of compounds isolated from Coffea arabica flowers by different extraction techniques.
abstract: Headspace (HS), extractive, and distillative methods were employed to isolate volatile and semivolatile compounds from fresh Coffea arabica flowers. Static HS solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME), microwave-assisted HS-SPME (MW-HS-SPME) with simultaneous hydrodistillation, and extraction with hexane or supercritical CO2 -isolated mixtures in which around 150 different chemical substances were identified or tentatively identified by GC-MS analysis. n-Pentadecane (20-37% relative peak area, RPA) was the most abundant compound in the HS fractions from fresh flowers, followed by 8-heptadecene (8-20% RPA) and geraniol (6-14% RPA). Hydrocarbons (mostly C13 -C30 paraffins) were the predominant compound class in all the sorptive extractions (HS-SPME, MW-HS-SPME, distillate), followed by terpenoids or oxygenated compounds (which varied with the isolation technique). Caffeine, a distinctive component of coffee fruits and beans, was also found in relatively high amounts in the supercritical CO2 extract of C. arabica flowers.
authors.affiliation: Center for Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry, CROM-MASS-CENIVAM, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia. elena@tucan.uis.edu.co
authors.forename: Elena E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Stashenko
authors.forename: Jairo René
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cárdenas-Vargas
authors.forename: Rogerio
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Saavedra-Barrera
authors.forename: Diego Camilo
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Durán
mesh_terms: D040503:Coffea / Q000737:chemistry*; D035264:Flowers / Q000737:chemistry*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction
keywords: Coffea arabica; Coffee flower compounds; Microwave-assisted extraction; Solid-phase microextraction; Supercritical fluid extraction