title: Achillea millefolium L. essential oil inhibits LPS-induced oxidative stress and nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 Macrophages.
abstract: Achillea millefolium L. is a member of the Asteraceae family and has been used in folk medicine in many countries. In this study, 19 compounds in A. millefolium essential oil (AM-EO) have been identified; the major components are artemisia ketone (14.92%), camphor (11.64%), linalyl acetate (11.51%) and 1,8-cineole (10.15%). AM-EO can suppress the inflammatory responses of lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages, including decreased levels of cellular nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide anion production, lipid peroxidation and glutathione (GSH) concentration. This antioxidant activity is not a result of increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, but rather occurs as a result of the down-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression, thus reducing the inflammatory response. Therefore, AM-EO can be utilized in many applications, including the treatment of inflammatory diseases in the future.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, 200, Sec. 7, Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu Dist., Taichung 43301, Taiwan. chchlin@pu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Su-Tze
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: Hsin-Yi
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Jaw-Cherng
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Chih-Chien
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shih
mesh_terms: D031162:Achillea; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D009569:Nitric Oxide