title: Dosimetric feasibility of MRI-guided external beam radiotherapy of the kidney.
abstract: At our institution a treatment for kidney tumours with an MRI-Linac is under development. In order to set inclusion criteria for this treatment the anatomical eligibility criteria and the influence of the motion compensation strategy on the delivered dose should be known. Twenty patients with a renal lesion underwent an MR-scan to image the kidney. Static treatment plans were made and the doses to the organs at risk were evaluated. Furthermore, to calculate the influence of remnant motion in a gated treatment, a convolution of the static dose plan with the residual motion in a gating window was done. For ten patients (50%) a static plan within the dose constraints could be obtained. For all patients where the kidney constraint was obeyed in the static plan, the dose to the gross tumour volume (GTV) and the ipsilateral kidney remained within limits for residual motion in a gating window up to and including 12 mm. For four patients (20%) no static plan without violation of the constraint to the ipsilateral kidney could be made. One of these patients had a tumour of 73 mm in the upper pole and the other patients had a tumour of at least 30 mm in the mid pole. In 6 patients (30%), where the bowels were within the planning target volume, the maximum dose to the bowels was above the limit used. Patient specific assessment might degrade this violation. For tumours smaller than 30 mm a clinically acceptable plan could be created. For other patients the feasibility depends on the geometry of the GTV and kidney. Neither the GTV coverage nor the ipsilateral kidney dose is compromised by breathing motion for gating with a gating window up to and including 12 mm.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiotherapy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands. M.K.Stam-3@umcutrecht.nl
authors.forename: Mette K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Stam
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van Vulpen
authors.forename: Maurits M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Barendrecht
authors.forename: Bernard A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Zonnenberg
authors.forename: Sjoerd P M
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Crijns
authors.forename: Jan J W
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Lagendijk
authors.forename: Bas W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Raaymakers
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011874:Radiometry; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted; D061089:Radiotherapy, Image-Guided / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult