title: Fat cell size and adipokine expression in relation to gender, depot, and metabolic risk factors in morbidly obese adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To understand the regulation of adipocyte size and adipokine expression in relation to gender, anatomic location, adiposity, and metabolic risk factors in adolescents with morbid obesity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adipocyte size and adipokine expression in paired abdominal subcutaneous (SAT) and omental (VAT) surgical adipose tissues were related to gender, anatomic location, adiposity, and metabolic risk factors in a group of morbidly obese adolescents.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant depot- and/or gender-related differences in adipocyte size and adipokine expression were detected. Adjusted for body mass index, adipocyte size in both depots was larger in males than in females and was a major predictor of mRNA levels of leptin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and adiponectin. Gender, but not adipocyte size, was significantly correlated with proinflammatory cytokine expression. Body mass index and waist circumference were correlated positively with VAT adipocyte size and negatively with SAT adipocyte size. VAT adiponectin and interleukin-6 expression levels were major predictors of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations, independent of gender, adiposity, and insulin sensitivity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adipose tissue morphology and function in obese adolescents are influenced by gender and anatomic location; the pattern of gender- and depot-related differences in adipocyte size and adipokine expression suggests that adolescent males, relative to the females, are at increased risk for obesity-related metabolic comorbidities.
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, USA; Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Yiying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jeffrey L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Zitsman
authors.forename: Jue
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: Ilene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fennoy
authors.forename: Kaiying
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Joshua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Feinberg
authors.forename: Rudolph L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Leibel
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D052242:Adiponectin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000293:Adolescent; D015992:Body Mass Index; D048429:Cell Size; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D020738:Leptin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000378:metabolism*; D009852:Omentum / Q000378:metabolism; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012307:Risk Factors; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D050507:Subcutaneous Fat, Abdominal / Q000378:metabolism; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D015850:Interleukin-6; D020738:Leptin; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D012333:RNA, Messenger