title: Survey on amacrine cells coupling to retrograde-identified ganglion cells in the mouse retina.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Retinal amacrine cells (ACs) may make inhibitory chemical synapses and potentially excitatory gap junctions on ganglion cells (GCs). The total number and subtypes of ACs coupled to the entire GC population were investigated in wild-type and three lines of transgenic mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  GCs and GC-coupled ACs were identified by the previously established LY-NB (Lucifer yellow-Neurobiotin) retrograde double-labeling technique, in conjunction with specific antibodies and confocal microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GC-coupled ACs (NB-positive and LY-negative) comprised nearly 11% of displaced ACs and 4% of conventional ACs in wild-type mice, and were 9% and 4% of displaced ACs in Cx45(-/-) and Cx36/45(-/-) mice, respectively. Their somas were small in Cx36/45(-/-) mice, but variable in other strains. They were mostly γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-immunoreactive (IR) and located in the GC layer. They comprised only a small portion in the AC subpopulations, including GABA-IR, glycine-IR, calretinin-IR, 5-HT-accumulating, and ON-type choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) ACs in wild-type and ChAT transgenic mice (ChAT- tdTomato). In the distal 80% of the inner plexiform layer (IPL), dense GC dendrites coexisted with rich glycine-IR and GABA-IR. In the inner 20% of the IPL, sparse GC dendrites presented with a major GABA band and sparse glycine-IR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Various subtypes of ACs may couple to GCs. ACs of the same immunoreactivity may either couple or not couple to GCs. Cx36 and Cx45 dominate GC-AC coupling except for small ACs. The overall potency of GC-AC coupling is moderate, especially in the proximal 20% of the IPL, where inhibitory chemical signals are dominated by GABA ACs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. jpang@bcm.edu
authors.forename: Ji-Jie
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.forename: Samuel M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D025042:Amacrine Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013569:Synapses / Q000502:physiology
keywords: 5-HT; ChAT; GABA; NOS; connexin; retrograde labeling