title: Curcumin suppresses multiple DNA damage response pathways and has potency as a sensitizer to PARP inhibitor.
abstract: Inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) are promising anticancer drugs, particularly for the treatment of tumors deficient in the DNA damage response (DDR). However, it is challenging to design effective therapeutic strategies for use of these compounds against cancers without DDR deficiencies. In this context, combination therapies in which PARP inhibitors are used alongside DDR inhibitors have elicited a great deal of interest. Curcumin, a component of turmeric (Curcuma longa), has been tested in clinical studies for its chemosensitizing potential; however, the mechanisms of chemosensitization by curcumin have not been fully elucidated. This study demonstrates that curcumin suppresses three major DDR pathways: non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), homologous recombination (HR) and the DNA damage checkpoint. Curcumin suppresses the histone acetylation at DNA double-strand break (DSB) sites by inhibiting histone acetyltransferase activity, thereby reducing recruitment of the key NHEJ factor KU70/KU80 to DSB sites. Curcumin also suppresses HR by reducing expression of the BRCA1 gene, which regulates HR, by impairing histone acetylation at the BRCA1 promoter. Curcumin also inhibits ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein (ATR) kinase (IC50 in vitro = 493 nM), resulting in impaired activation of ATR-CHK1 signaling, which is necessary for HR and the DNA damage checkpoint pathway. Thus, curcumin suppresses three DDR pathways by inhibiting histone acetyltransferases and ATR. Concordantly, curcumin sensitizes cancer cells to PARP inhibitors by enhancing apoptosis and mitotic catastrophe via inhibition of both the DNA damage checkpoint and DSB repair. Our results indicate that curcumin is a promising sensitizer for PARP inhibitor-based therapy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ogiwara
authors.forename: Ayako
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ui
authors.forename: Bunsyo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shiotani
authors.forename: Lee
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yasui
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kohno
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D019313:BRCA1 Protein / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D015153:Blotting, Western; D059447:Cell Cycle Checkpoints; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D000071877:Checkpoint Kinase 1; D003037:Cobalt Radioisotopes; D003474:Curcumin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005720:Gamma Rays; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism; D059765:Homologous Recombination / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D000071137:Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1; D000067856:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D050880:p300-CBP Transcription Factors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D000099224:p300-CBP-Associated Factor
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; D019313:BRCA1 Protein; D000071877:Checkpoint Kinase 1; D003037:Cobalt Radioisotopes; D003474:Curcumin; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases; D006657:Histones; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D000071137:Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1; D000067856:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors; D011494:Protein Kinases; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins; D050880:p300-CBP Transcription Factors; D000099224:p300-CBP-Associated Factor; C492913:BRCA1 protein, human; C571744:bone sialoprotein (35-62), human; C499320:PARP1 protein, human; C576597:ATR protein, human; C000605867:CHEK1 protein, human; C000605869:Chek1 protein, mouse