title: Subcultural evolution and illicit drug use.
abstract: This article articulates a subcultural basis to the evolving popularity for different illicit drugs primarily based on empirical research in the United States, especially among inner-city populations. From this perspective, drug use emerges from a dialectic between drug subcultures with individual identity development. The prevailing culture and subcultures affect drugs' popularity by imparting significance to their use. Innovations, historical events, and individual choices can cause subcultures to emerge and change over time. This subcultural view provides insight into the widespread use of licit drug, the dynamics of drug eras (or epidemics), the formation of drug generations, and the apparent "gateway" phenomenon.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Special Populations Research, National Development and Research Institutes, Inc.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Golub
authors.forename: Bruce D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Eloise
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dunlap
keywords: Subculture; diffusion; epidemic; era; gateway; generation; life course