title: Pretreatment alcohol drinking goals are associated with treatment outcomes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A large subset of patients who enter treatment for alcohol dependence report nonabstinent drinking goals (e.g., reduction in drinking) rather than abstinence, and this pretreatment goal choice may be associated with drinking outcomes and alcohol-related problems.
  
  
  METHODS
  An analysis of the 16-week Combined Pharmacotherapies and Behavioral Interventions (COMBINE) study was conducted to determine the association between self-reported pretreatment drinking goal and drinking outcomes and alcohol-related problems. Participants who reported a nonabstinent drinking goal (n = 340) were matched with participants who reported an abstinent drinking goal (n = 340) on 3 variables believed to contribute to treatment outcomes: COMBINE experimental group, gender, and number of prebaseline heavy drinking days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analyses revealed no interaction between the COMBINE experimental group and drinking goal on outcome measures, so results were collapsed and examined as a function of drinking goal group. Participants who chose an abstinent drinking goal had significantly more weeks with no drinking or no heavy drinking, reported fewer heavy drinking days, reported fewer days with >1 drink, and were more likely to have a ≥50% decrease in drinks per day between baseline and week 16 of the intervention. However, both groups reported reductions over time in percent drinking days, mean drinks per day, number of heavy drinking days, and number of drinking days per week, and participants in both groups experienced significant reductions in alcohol-related problems and improvements in psychosocial functioning.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results replicate and expand upon previous studies examining the association between drinking goal and treatment outcome. These data also provide support for the standard inclusion of drinking treatment goal as a stratification variable in study interventions or as a covariate in outcome analyses and highlight several areas that warrant additional research regarding patients who enter alcohol treatment with a nonabstinent drinking goal.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Kelly E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Dunn
authors.forename: Eric C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Strain
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy / Q000639:trends; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006040:Goals; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016320:Substance Abuse Treatment Centers / Q000639:trends; D013695:Temperance / Q000523:psychology* / Q000639:trends; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Abstinence; Acamprosate; Alcohol; COMBINE; Controlled Drinking; Naltrexone; Treatment Goal