title: Endovenous valve transfer for chronic deep venous insufficiency.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aims of the study were to test the safety and efficacy of a custom-made endovenous valve transfer stent, and delivery system in animals and humans.
  
  
  METHODS
  The internal jugular veins of 16 sheep, weighing 45-55 kg, were used. A segment of vein with venous valve was enclosed circumferentially with a barbed stent. This segment from the internal jugular vein was introduced and deployed remotely into the contralateral internal jugular vein. Harvesting occurred acutely (one sheep) and at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively (five sheep per group). Operative competence testing, histological and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) examinations were performed. Four males with recalcitrant ulcers (mean age of 22 years) had axillary veins transferred from the popliteal vein and were followed for a mean of 3.8 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At harvest, all the transferred valves were competent, with no evidence of thrombosis, tilting, endoleak, or migration with normal macroscopic and SEM findings. Although only 50% of the ulcers completely healed in humans, the remainder were improved, with all valves being competent and patent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endovenous valve transfer with a custom-made circumferential stent produces near perfect results in sheep and encouraging results in a small pilot study.
authors.affiliation: Royal North Shore Hospital, Department of Vascular Surgery, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Dijkstra
authors.forename: N Y
authors.initials: NY
authors.lastname: Khin
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Lane
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D001705:Bioprosthesis; D001807:Blood Vessel Prosthesis; D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008875:Middle Aged; D010690:Phlebography; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D012756:Sheep; D015607:Stents; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014647:Varicose Ulcer / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D014654:Vascular Patency; D014689:Venous Insufficiency / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*
keywords: Endovenous stents; Remote venous valve transfer; Stents for valve transfer; Venous valve transfer