title: Overlapping and distinct gray and white matter abnormalities in schizophrenia and bipolar I disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder may share common neurobiological mechanisms, but few studies have directly compared gray and white matter structure in these disorders. We used diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and a region of interest based analysis to identify overlapping and distinct gray and white matter abnormalities in 35 patients with schizophrenia and 20 patients with bipolar I disorder in comparison to 56 healthy volunteers.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined fractional anisotropy within the white matter and mean diffusivity within the gray matter in 42 regions of interest defined on a probabilistic atlas following non-linear registration of the images to atlas space.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with schizophrenia had significantly lower fractional anisotropy in temporal (superior temporal and parahippocampal) and occipital (superior and middle occipital) white matter compared to patients with bipolar disorder and healthy volunteers. By contrast, both patient groups demonstrated significantly higher mean diffusivity in frontal (inferior frontal and lateral orbitofrontal) and temporal (superior temporal and parahippocampal) gray matter compared to healthy volunteers, but did not differ from each other.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study implicates overlapping gray matter frontal and temporal lobe structural alterations in the neurobiology of schizophrenia and bipolar I disorder, but suggests that temporal and occipital lobe white matter deficits may be an additional risk factor for schizophrenia. Our findings may have relevance for future diagnostic classification systems and the identification of susceptibility genes for these disorders.
authors.affiliation: The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-LIJ Health System, Manhasset.
authors.forename: Dana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Babak A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Ardekani
authors.forename: Katherine E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Burdick
authors.forename: Delbert G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: Majnu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: John
authors.forename: Anil K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Malhotra
authors.forename: Philip R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Szeszko
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016880:Anisotropy; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000473:pathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000473:pathology*; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009413:Nerve Fibers, Myelinated / Q000473:pathology*; D011336:Probability; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000473:pathology*; D012737:Sex Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: bipolar disorder; diffusion tensor imaging; gray matter; schizophrenia; white matter