title: An inventory of VHA emergency departments' resources and processes for caring for women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  More women are using Veterans' Health Administration (VHA) Emergency Departments (EDs), yet VHA ED capacities to meet the needs of women are unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We assessed VHA ED resources and processes for conditions specific to, or more common in, women Veterans.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional questionnaire of the census of VHA ED directors
  
  
  METHODS
  Resources and processes in place for gynecologic, obstetric, sexual assault and mental health care, as well as patient privacy features, stratified by ED characteristics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All 120 VHA EDs completed the questionnaire. Approximately nine out of ten EDs reported having gynecologic examination tables within their EDs, 24/7 access to specula, and Gonorrhea/Chlamydia DNA probes. All EDs reported 24/7 access to pregnancy testing. Fewer than two-fifths of EDs reported having radiologist review of pelvic ultrasound images available 24/7; one-third reported having emergent consultations from gynecologists available 24/7. Written transfer policies specific to gynecologic and obstetric emergencies were reported as available in fewer than half of EDs. Most EDs reported having emergency contraception 24/7; however, only approximately half reported having Rho(D) Immunoglobulin available 24/7. Templated triage notes and standing orders relevant to gynecologic conditions were reported as uncommon. Consistent with VHA policy, most EDs reported obtaining care for victims of sexual assault by transferring them to another institution. Most EDs reported having some access to private medical and mental health rooms. Resources and processes were found to be more available in EDs with more encounters by women, more ED staffed beds, and that were located in more complex facilities in metropolitan areas.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although most VHA EDs have resources and processes needed for delivering emergency care to women Veterans, some gaps exist. Studies in non-VA EDs are required for comparison. Creative solutions are needed to ensure that women presenting to VHA EDs receive efficient, timely, and consistently high-quality care.
authors.affiliation: VA Health Services Research & Development (HSR&D) Center of Excellence for the Study of Healthcare Provider Behavior, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, 11301 Wilshire Blvd (111G), Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA. Kristina.Cordasco@va.gov
authors.forename: Kristina M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Cordasco
authors.forename: Laurie C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Zephyrin
authors.forename: Chad S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Kessler
authors.forename: Meri
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mallard
authors.forename: Ismelda
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Canelo
authors.forename: Lisa V
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Rubenstein
authors.forename: Elizabeth M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Yano
mesh_terms: D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data* / Q000639:trends; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data* / Q000639:trends; D005260:Female; D006295:Health Resources / Q000706:statistics & numerical data* / Q000639:trends; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D012742:Sex Offenses / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States; D014493:United States Department of Veterans Affairs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data* / Q000639:trends; D014728:Veterans