title: Case report: endurance electrical stimulation training improves skeletal muscle oxidative capacity in chronic spinal cord injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the use of a novel neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) endurance exercise protocol and its effects on skeletal muscle oxidative capacity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case report, pre/post intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  University-based trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 39-year-old man who suffered a motor complete spinal cord injury (C5-6, ASIA Impairment Scale grade A).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four weeks of endurance NMES that consisted of progressive increases in the twitch frequency, duration of sessions, and sessions per week.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mitochondrial capacity was measured, in vivo, as the rate of recovery of muscle oxygen consumption using near-infrared spectroscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rate of recovery of muscle oxygen consumption increased approximately 3-fold from 0.52 to 1.43, 1.46, and 1.40/min measured on 3 separate occasions during week 12 of training, and 1.57/min after 24 weeks of NMES endurance training.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings of this study suggest that NMES endurance training using twitches can increase mitochondrial capacity to comparable levels measured in nonparalyzed muscles of sedentary able-bodied controls.
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA. Electronic address: ryan@uga.edu.
authors.forename: Terence E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.
authors.forename: Melissa L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Erickson
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.
authors.forename: Hui-Ju
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Young
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.
authors.forename: Kevin K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: McCully
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008931:Mitochondria, Muscle / Q000378:metabolism*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D010092:Oximetry / Q000379:methods; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000534:rehabilitation*
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Cell respiration; Electric stimulation; FES; NIRS; NMES; Paralysis; Rehabilitation; SCI; functional electrical stimulation; mVo(2); muscle oxygen consumption; near-infrared spectroscopy; neuromuscular electrical stimulation; spinal cord injury