title: Dietary exposure to DDTs in two coastal cities and an inland city in China.
abstract: Dietary intakes of dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethanes (DDTs) of residents from two coastal cities: Guiyu (GY) and Taizhou (TZ) and one inland city: Lin'an (HZ) were investigated by collecting 73 food items (divided into 9 food groups). The oriental weatherfish and white crab (both from TZ) contained higher DDTs (112±1.81 and 70.1±1.81 ng/g wet wt, respectively) than the maximum admissible concentration (50 ng/g wet wt) set by the European Union for human consumption. Furthermore, 40% of TZ seafood, 56% of GY and 30% of HZ freshwater fish exceeded the guideline for subsistence fish eaters for DDTs (14.4 ng/g wet wt) defined by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). The estimated daily intakes of DDTs for TZ (52.1 ng/kg bw/day) and GZ (31.5 ng/kg bw/day) were significantly higher than for HZ (13.0 ng/g wet wt, p<0.05), these values were below the US EPA oral reference dose (500 ng/kg bw/day) and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the World Health Organization provisional tolerable daily intake (10,000 ng/kg bw/day).
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution - Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University and City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Lin'an, Zhejiang 311300, PR China.
authors.forename: Yu Bon
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Man
authors.forename: Janet Kit Yan
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Sheng Chun
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Chris Kong Chu
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Ming Hung
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D002947:Cities; D003634:DDT / Q000032:analysis*; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D005399:Fishes / Q000378:metabolism; D005504:Food Analysis; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008452:Maximum Allowable Concentration; D017747:Seafood / Q000032:analysis; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003634:DDT
keywords: China; Coastal area; DDT; Dietary study; Inland area