title: Costs of caring for adults with long-term neurological conditions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate and compare the costs of informal and formal care provided to adults with long term neurological conditions and to identify characteristics associated with these costs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional postal questionnaire survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  Family carers of 282 adults with sudden onset, progressive and stable/intermittent conditions were recruited through UK-wide voluntary organisations and neuroscience centres.
  
  
  METHODS
  Carers provided demographic and condition specific information about the adults cared for. Informal care was measured with the Caregiver Activity Survey and formal service use with the Client Service Receipt Inventory. Costs were calculated and regression analyses identified demographic and clinical characteristics associated with cost.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Annual informal care costs mean £82,620 (standard deviation 58,493) were 4 times higher than formal costs mean £18,117 (standard deviation 28,990). Caring for adults with sudden onset conditions and hidden/mixed impairments were both significantly associated with informal costs. Healthcare costs were significantly associated with having a sudden onset condition, greater dependency in activities of daily living and longer condition duration. Greater dependency was significantly associated with increased social care costs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The cost of caring for adults with long term neurological conditions is largely borne by families. Both health and social costs are higher for more dependent patients, endorsing the importance of developing specialist rehabilitation services that reduce dependency.
authors.affiliation: Department of Palliative Care, Policy and Rehabilitation, Cicely Saunders Institute, London, United Kingdom. diana.m.jackson@kcl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: McCrone
authors.forename: Lynne
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Turner-Stokes
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017028:Caregivers / Q000191:economics; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000191:economics; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult