title: Anti-aquaporin-4 antibody-seronegative NMO spectrum disorder with Baló's concentric lesions.
abstract: A 34-year-old woman developed simultaneous bilateral severe optic neuritis and subsequent myelitis. Two months after the first attack, she developed a headache and dysesthesia in the left arm. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed multiple hyperintense lesions in the white matter of the right hemisphere, some of which were Baló-like concentric lesions. Our diagnosis was neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder with Baló's concentric sclerosis (BCS), although the patient was negative for anti-aquaporin-4 (anti-APQ4) antibodies. Our case suggests that Baló's concentric sclerosis overlaps with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and that this overlapping is caused by a mechanism that does not involve anti-AQP4 antibodies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Narita Red Cross Hospital, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Masuda
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Kaoru
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Katayama
authors.forename: Yuriko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kikkawa
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuwabara
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D051401:Aquaporin 4 / Q000097:blood*; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood*; D002549:Diffuse Cerebral Sclerosis of Schilder / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009471:Neuromyelitis Optica / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: D051401:Aquaporin 4; D001323:Autoantibodies