title: Venous thromboembolism and prothrombotic parameters in Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome (KTS), a congenital combined vascular (capillary, venous and lymphatic) malformation with localised disturbed growth, venous thromboembolisms (VTEs) are frequently reported in small cohorts.
  
  
  METHODS
  We quantified the frequency of VTE by screening a large KTS-patient cohort with duplex compression ultrasonography. Additionally, we performed a case-control study to evaluate whether coagulation alterations were related to VTE and magnitude of vascular malformations as quantified by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-nine (39%) of 75 patients had signs of current or previous VTE, including superficial venous thrombosis, six (8%) of whom had a deep venous thrombosis or a pulmonary embolism. Compared with 105 controls, 54 adult patients (both: median age 33 years) had higher plasma levels of D-dimer, medians 266 (IQR 195-366) versus 457 (IQR 270-3840) mg÷l (p.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands. ceoduber@gmail.com
authors.forename: C E U
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Oduber
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: van Beers
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bresser
authors.forename: C M A M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: van der Horst
authors.forename: J C M
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Meijers
authors.forename: V E A
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Gerdes
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products / Q000378:metabolism; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007715:Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood; D011516:Prothrombin; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D018616:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex; D054556:Venous Thromboembolism / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C036309:fibrin fragment D; C045879:prothrombin fragment 1.2; D011516:Prothrombin; D005340:Fibrinogen