title: Impact of risk factors, activities and psychological disorders on the health of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in China: a cross-sectional study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) often have organ dysfunction and resulting poor quality of life; however, in China little information is available regarding factors that affect their health. Here, the relationship between risk factors, activities and psychological disorders and health of patients with COPD in rural areas of Xuzhou, China was assessed.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study of 7597 COPD patients randomly selected by place of residence from 24,641 COPD patients who had been identified by screening of the 1.10 million health records of all residents of the target area was carried out to evaluate the relationships between risk factors, activities, psychological disorders and the ADO index (age, dyspnea, and airflow obstruction). The participants were assessed by spirometry and by administering a newly designed face-to-face questionnaire, which included items on general factors, risk factors, activities and psychological disorders. Correlations between the ADO index and the items addressed by the questionnaire were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean score of the ADO index was 3.7 ± 1.6. The ADO indices of current smokers, ex-smokers, and non-smokers were 3.9 ± 2.1, 3.7 ± 1.9, and 3.2 ± 1.5, respectively (P < 0.001). The ADO indices of cooks and non-cooks were 4.0 ± 2.2 and 3.5 ± 1.7, respectively (P < 0.001). The correlation coefficient between self-assessment of health status and ADO index was 0.976 (P < 0.001). Only 5.7% of patients reported no limitation of their daily living activities. The correlation coefficient between daily living activities and ADO index was 0.981 (P < 0.001). Only 5.5% of patients reported no limitation of social activities. The correlation coefficient between social activities and ADO index was 0.989 (P < 0.001), between the assessed anxiety score and ADO index 0.972 (P < 0.001), and between the assessed depression score and ADO index 0.989 (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  COPD severity was significantly correlated with behavior (especially regarding smoking and cooking with biofuel in confined spaces), physical strength, daily living activities, social activities, anxiety and depression. Comprehensive approaches are required for the prevention and treatment of COPD.
authors.affiliation: Xuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 142 West Erhuan Road, Xuzhou City 221006, Jiangsu Province, PR, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Peian
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lou
authors.forename: Yanan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Peipei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Pan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jiaxi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Hongmin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002681:China; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D011788:Quality of Life; D012307:Risk Factors