title: TROPHI: development of a tool to measure complex, multi-factorial patient handling interventions.
abstract: Patient handling interventions are complex and multi-factorial. It has been difficult to make comparisons across different strategies due to the lack of a comprehensive outcome measurement method. The Tool for Risk Outstanding in Patient Handling Interventions (TROPHI) was developed to address this gap by measuring outcomes and comparing performance across interventions. Focus groups were held with expert patient handling practitioners (n = 36) in four European countries (Finland, Italy, Portugal and the UK) to identify preferred outcomes to be measured for interventions. A systematic literature review identified 598 outcome measures; these were critically appraised and the most appropriate measurement tool was selected for each outcome. TROPHI was evaluated in the four EU countries (eight sites) and by an expert panel (n = 16) from the European Panel of Patient Handling Ergonomics for usability and practical application. This final stage added external validity to the research by exploring transferability potential and presenting the data and analysis to allow respondent (participant) validation.
  Patient handling interventions are complex and multi-factorial and it has been difficult to make comparisons due to the lack of a comprehensive outcome measurement method. The Tool for Risk Outstanding in Patient Handling Interventions (TROPHI) was developed to address this gap by measuring outcomes to compare performance across interventions.
authors.affiliation: a Loughborough Design School, Loughborough University , Loughborough , Leicestershire , UK.
authors.forename: Mike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fray
authors.forename: Sue
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hignett
mesh_terms: D005060:Europe; D017144:Focus Groups; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D055805:Moving and Lifting Patients / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016272:Occupational Health; D060051:Occupational Injuries / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015279:Organizational Culture; D061214:Patient Safety; D015397:Program Evaluation / Q000379:methods*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D017751:Safety Management