title: Mean surface temperature prediction models for broiler chickens-a study of sensible heat flow.
abstract: Body surface temperature can be used to evaluate thermal equilibrium in animals. The bodies of broiler chickens, like those of all birds, are partially covered by feathers. Thus, the heat flow at the boundary layer between broilers' bodies and the environment differs between feathered and featherless areas. The aim of this investigation was to use linear regression models incorporating environmental parameters and age to predict the surface temperatures of the feathered and featherless areas of broiler chickens. The trial was conducted in a climate chamber, and 576 broilers were distributed in two groups. In the first trial, 288 broilers were monitored after exposure to comfortable or stressful conditions during a 6-week rearing period. Another 288 broilers were measured under the same conditions to test the predictive power of the models. Sensible heat flow was calculated, and for the regions covered by feathers, sensible heat flow was predicted based on the estimated surface temperatures. The surface temperatures of the feathered and featherless areas can be predicted based on air, black globe or operative temperatures. According to the sensible heat flow model, the broilers' ability to maintain thermal equilibrium by convection and radiation decreased during the rearing period. Sensible heat flow estimated based on estimated surface temperatures can be used to predict animal responses to comfortable and stressful conditions.
authors.affiliation: Animal Science Department, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane Route, w/n, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil, sheila_tn@terra.com.br.
authors.forename: Sheila Tavares
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Nascimento
authors.forename: Iran José Oliveira
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.forename: Alex Sandro Campos
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Maia
authors.forename: Ariane Cristina
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: de Castro
authors.forename: Frederico Marcio Corrêa
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Vieira
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D001833:Body Temperature Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D002645:Chickens / Q000502:physiology*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004735:Energy Transfer / Q000502:physiology; D005241:Feathers / Q000502:physiology*; D008954:Models, Biological; D015233:Models, Statistical; D012881:Skin Temperature / Q000502:physiology*; D022722:Thermogenesis / Q000502:physiology*