title: Blood pressure and cholesterol control in hypertensive hypercholesterolemic patients: national health and nutrition examination surveys 1988-2010.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hypertension doubles coronary heart disease (CHD) risk. Treating hypertension only reduces CHD risk ≈25%. Treating hypercholesterolemia in hypertensive patients reduces residual CHD risk >35%.
  
  
  RESULTS
  To assess progress in concurrent hypertension and hypercholesterolemia control, National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 1988 to 1994, 1999 to 2004, and 2005 to 2010 were analyzed. Hypertension was defined by blood pressure ≥140/≥90 mm Hg, current medication treatment, and 2-told hypertension status; blood pressure <140/<90 defined control. Hypercholesterolemia was defined by ATP III criteria based on 10-year CHD risk, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; values below diagnostic thresholds defined control. Across surveys, 60.7% to 64.3% of hypertensives were hypercholesterolemic. From 1988 to 1994 to 2005 to 2010, control of LDL-C rose (9.2% [95% confidence interval (CI), 6.6%-11.9%] to 45.4% [95% CI, 42.6%-48.3%]), concomitant hypertension and LDL-C (5.0% [95% CI, 3.3%-6.7%] to 30.7% [95% CI, 27.9%-33.4%]), and combined hypertension, LDL-C, and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (1.8% [95% CI, 0.4%-3.2%] to 26.9% [95% CI, 24.4%-29.5%]). By multivariable logistic regression, factors associated with concomitant hypertension, LDL-C, and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol control (odds ratio [95% CI]) were statin (10.7 [8.1-14.3]) and antihypertensive (3.32 [2.45-4.50]) medications, age (0.77 [0.69-0.88]/10-year increase), ≥2 healthcare visits/yr (1.90 [1.26-2.87]), black race (0.59 [0.44-0.80]), Hispanic ethnicity (0.62 [0.43-0.90]), cardiovascular disease (0.44 [0.34-0.56]), and diabetes mellitus (0.54 [0.42-0.70]).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite progress, opportunities for improving concomitant hypertension and hypercholesterolemia control persist. Prescribing antihypertensive and antihyperlipidemic medications to achieve treatment goals, especially for older, minority, diabetic, and cardiovascular disease patients, and accessing healthcare at least biannually could improve concurrent risk factor control and CHD prevention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 135 Rutledge Avenue, RT 1230, Charleston, SC 29425, USA. eganbm@musc.edu
authors.forename: Brent M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Egan
authors.forename: Jiexiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Suparna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Qanungo
authors.forename: Tamara E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Wolfman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D002784:Cholesterol
keywords: cardiovascular diseases; coronary disease; hypercholesterolemia; hypertension; prevention & control