title: Influence of chronic hypoxia and radiation quality on cell survival.
abstract: To investigate the influence of chronic hypoxia and anoxia on cell survival after low- and high-LET radiation, CHO-K1 cells were kept for 24 h under chronic hypoxia (94.5% N2; 5% CO2; 0.5% O2) or chronic anoxia (95% N2; 5% CO2). Irradiation was performed using 250 kVp X-rays or carbon ions with a dose average LET of 100 keV/μm either directly under the chronic oxygenation states, or at different time points after reoxygenation. Moreover, the cell cycle distribution for cells irradiated under different chronic oxic states was measured over 24 h during reoxygenation. The measurements showed a fairly uniform cell cycle distribution under chronic hypoxia, similar to normoxic conditions. Chronic anoxia induced a block in G1 and a strong reduction of S-phase cells. A distribution similar to normoxic conditions was reached after 12 h of reoxygenation. CHO cells had a similar survival under both acute and chronic hypoxia. In contrast, survival after irradiation under chronic anoxia was slightly reduced compared to that under acute anoxia. We conclude that, in hamster cells, chronic anoxia is less effective than acute anoxia in inducing radioresistance for both X-rays and carbon ions, whereas in hypoxia, acute and chronic exposures have a similar impact on cell killing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Ning-Yi
authors.initials: NY
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tinganelli
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maier
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Durante
authors.forename: Wilma
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kraft-Weyrather
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells; D002244:Carbon / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002453:Cell Cycle; D015687:Cell Hypoxia; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000528:radiation effects; D002469:Cell Separation; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000528:radiation effects*; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D063193:Heavy Ion Radiotherapy / Q000379:methods; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors; D014965:X-Rays
chemical_list: D002244:Carbon; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: anoxia; carbon ions; cell cycle distribution; hypoxia; radiosensitivity