title: Suppression of TIM-1 predicates clinical efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the clinical efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) with house-dust mite (HDM) extract and to examine the change of biomarkers (TIM-1, IL-5 and IL-10) after 6-month SLIT in children with allergic rhinitis (AR).
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and sixteen HDM-sensitized children with persistent AR were enrolled to assess the clinical efficacy of SLIT by determining the individual nasal symptom score (INSS) and total nasal symptom scores (TNSS) after 6-month SLIT. Moreover, the mRNA expression of TIM-1, IL-5 and IL-10 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was examined in 16 well-controlled and 12 uncontrolled AR patients using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 6-month SLIT, both TNSS and INSS scores were significantly decreased compared with the baseline value (p < 0.01). The rates for well-controlled, partly controlled and uncontrolled children were 43.1%, 32.8% and 24.1%, respectively. Accordingly, the mRNA levels of TIM-1 and IL-5 decreased significantly and IL-10 mRNA level increased significantly compared with the baseline value in well-controlled children (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest SLIT with HDM extract is effective and safe for AR children and TIM-1 may be considered as an indicator for evaluating the clinical efficacy of SLIT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Zhibin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Lifeng
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Wentong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Dehua
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Renzhong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Geng
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Huabin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000485:Allergens; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China; D005260:Female; D000072596:Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 1; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015848:Interleukin-5 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D039981:Pyroglyphidae; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D011991:Receptors, Virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D065631:Rhinitis, Allergic; D012221:Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D063729:Sublingual Immunotherapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D015415:Biomarkers; C491143:HAVCR1 protein, human; D000072596:Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 1; D015848:Interleukin-5; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011991:Receptors, Virus; D016753:Interleukin-10
keywords: Allergic rhinitis; Children; IL-10; IL-5; Sublingual immunotherapy; TIM-1