title: Measuring interstitial pH and pO2 in mouse tumors.
abstract: This protocol outlines methods to measure two extravascular parameters, interstitial pH and partial pressure of oxygen (pO2), in mouse tumors. The method for measuring interstitial pH uses fluorescence ratio imaging microscopy (FRIM) of the pH-sensitive fluorescent dye 2',7'-bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5,6-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF). The method for measuring interstitial pO2 is based on the oxygen-dependent quenching of the phosphorescence of albumin-bound palladium meso-tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin, and can be used to measure microvascular as well as interstitial pO2. In addition, the two methods can be used sequentially to measure both pH and pO2 in the same tissues.
authors.forename: Rakesh K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.forename: Lance L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Munn
authors.forename: Dai
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fukumura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045604:Extracellular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000378:metabolism; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D049408:Luminescent Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D008163:Luminescent Measurements / Q000379:methods; D051379:Mice; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000032:analysis*; D010313:Partial Pressure; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D049408:Luminescent Agents; D010100:Oxygen