title: Sex steroid levels and response to weight loss interventions among postmenopausal women in the diabetes prevention program.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine whether estrogen use potentiates weight loss interventions via sex steroid levels and whether endogenous sex steroid levels predict response to weight loss interventions among women not using estrogen.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Diabetes Prevention Program randomized overweight or obese dysglycemic participants to lifestyle change with the goals of weight reduction of >7% of initial weight and 150 minutes per week of exercise, metformin, or placebo. In this secondary analysis, we examined sex steroid levels and reductions in weight and waist circumference (WC) among postmenopausal women using (n = 324) and not using (n = 382) oral estrogen.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Estrogen users and nonusers randomized to lifestyle change and metformin both lost significant amounts of weight compared to placebo. Reductions in weight and WC over 1 year associated with randomization arm were not associated with baseline sex steroid levels among estrogen users or nonusers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among estrogen users, baseline sex steroids were not associated with reductions in weight or WC, suggesting that exogenous estrogen does not potentiate weight loss by altering sex steroids. Among nonestrogen users, baseline sex steroids were not associated with reductions in weight or WC.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine and Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Barrett-Connor
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Randolph
authors.forename: Shengchun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nan
authors.forename: Kieren J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Mather
authors.forename: Sherita H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Golden
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008019:Life Style; D016014:Linear Models; D008687:Metformin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000628:therapy; D050177:Overweight / Q000097:blood* / Q000628:therapy; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000097:blood*; D055105:Waist Circumference; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D008687:Metformin