title: Precancerous lesions of the biliary tree.
abstract: The neoplasms of the biliary tree include the carcinomas of the intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts, the gallbladder and the ampulla. Two types of precancerous lesions precede these adenocarcinomas: the flat and non-tumour forming type that is called biliary intraepithelial neoplasia, and the papillary and tumour-forming type that has been named intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct. Rarely also biliary mucinous cystic neoplasm can give rise to invasive biliary adenocarcinomas. This review discusses the pathological, molecular, epidemiological, clinical and prognostic features of the precancerous biliary lesions, separated according to their origin in the bile ducts, the ampulla and the gall bladder.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, TU Munich, Ismaningerstraße 22, 81675 München, Germany. guenter.kloeppel@alumni.uni-kiel.de
authors.forename: Günter
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Klöppel
authors.forename: Volkan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Adsay
authors.forename: Björn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Konukiewitz
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kleeff
authors.forename: Anna Melissa
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Schlitter
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Esposito
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology*; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D017734:Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic / Q000473:pathology*; D001653:Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic / Q000473:pathology*; D001659:Biliary Tract / Q000473:pathology*; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000473:pathology*; D011379:Prognosis