title: Effect of piezopuncture on tooth movement and bone remodeling in dogs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of the study was to elucidate whether a newly developed, minimally invasive procedure, piezopuncture, would be a logical modification for accelerating tooth movement in the maxilla and the mandible.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten beagle dogs were divided into 2 groups. Traditional orthodontic tooth movement was performed in the control group. In the experimental group, a piezotome was used to make cortical punctures penetrating the gingiva around the moving tooth. Measurements were made in weeks 1 through 6. Tooth movement and bone apposition rates from the histomorphometric analyses were evaluated by independent t tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cumulative tooth movement distance was greater in the piezopuncture group than in the control group: 3.26-fold in the maxilla and 2.45-fold in the mandible. Piezopuncture significantly accelerated the tooth movements at all observation times, and the acceleration was greatest during the first 2 weeks for the maxilla and the second week for the mandible. Anabolic activity was also increased by piezopuncture: 2.55-fold in the maxilla and 2.35-fold in the mandible.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on the different effects of piezopuncture on the maxilla and the mandible, the results of a clinical trial of piezopuncture with optimized protocols might give orthodontists a therapeutic benefit for reducing treatment duration.
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate student, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Seok
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Su-Jung
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hyun-Joo
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Peter Joohak
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Won
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: Young-Guk
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D000818:Animals; D000880:Anthraquinones; D001641:Bicuspid / Q000473:pathology; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D016723:Bone Remodeling / Q000502:physiology*; D003481:Cuspid / Q000473:pathology; D004285:Dogs; D005452:Fluoresceins; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D005881:Gingiva / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery; D008437:Maxilla / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D008964:Molar, Third / Q000473:pathology; D052280:Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000473:pathology; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D010513:Periodontal Ligament / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D059745:Piezosurgery / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D011677:Punctures / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D011897:Random Allocation; D013997:Time Factors; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000880:Anthraquinones; D005452:Fluoresceins; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; C083098:calcein green; C010078:alizarin