title: Neuropsychological rehabilitation does not improve cognitive performance but reduces perceived cognitive deficits in patients with multiple sclerosis: a randomised, controlled, multi-centre trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is preliminary evidence on the positive effects of neuropsychological rehabilitation on cognition in multiple sclerosis (MS), but the generalisability of the findings is limited by methodological problems.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of strategy-oriented neuropsychological rehabilitation on MS.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 102 relapsing-remitting MS patients with subjective and objective attentional deficits were randomised into an intervention and a control group. Neuropsychological assessments were performed at baseline, at three months immediately after the intervention, and at six months. Patients in the intervention group received neuropsychological rehabilitation once a week in 60-minute sessions for 13 consecutive weeks. The control group received no intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Neuropsychological rehabilitation including computer-based attention and working memory retraining, psychoeducation, strategy learning and psychological support did not improve cognitive performance but had a positive effect on perceived cognitive deficits. The intervention group perceived significantly fewer deficits than the control group both immediately after the intervention and at six months. The personal rehabilitation goals were also well achieved.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Strategy-oriented neuropsychological rehabilitation did not improve cognitive performance but reduced perceived cognitive deficits in MS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Finland.
authors.forename: Anu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mäntynen
authors.forename: Eija
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rosti-Otajärvi
authors.forename: Keijo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Koivisto
authors.forename: Arja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lilja
authors.forename: Heini
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huhtala
authors.forename: Päivi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hämäläinen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020529:Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010465:Perception; D013663:Teaching / Q000379:methods; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: MS; Multiple sclerosis; attention; effects; neuropsychological rehabilitation; perceived cognitive deficits