title: Validation and modification of a predictive model of postresection hydrocephalus in pediatric patients with posterior fossa tumors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Postresection hydrocephalus is observed in approximately 30% of pediatric patients with posterior fossa tumors. However, which patients will develop postresection hydrocephalus is not known. The Canadian Preoperative Prediction Rule for Hydrocephalus (CPPRH) was developed in an attempt to identify this subset of patients, allowing for the optimization of their care. The authors sought to validate and critically appraise the CPPRH.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors conducted a retrospective chart review of 99 consecutive pediatric patients who presented between 2002 and 2010 with posterior fossa tumors and who subsequently underwent resection. The data were then analyzed using bivariate and multivariate analyses, and a modified CPPRH (mCPPRH) was applied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-six patients were evaluated. Four variables were found to be significant in predicting postresection hydrocephalus: age younger than 2 years, moderate/severe hydrocephalus, preoperative tumor diagnosis, and transependymal edema. The mCPPRH produced observed likelihood ratios of 0.737 (95% CI 0.526-1.032) and 4.688 (95% CI 1.421-15.463) for low- and high-risk groups, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The mCPPRH utilizes readily obtainable and reliable preoperative variables that together stratify children with posterior fossa tumors into high- and low-risk categories for the development of postresection hydrocephalus. This new predictive model will aid patient counseling and tailor the intensity of postoperative clinical and radiographic monitoring for hydrocephalus, as well as provide evidence-based guidance for the use of prophylactic CSF diversion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA. pforeman03@gmail.com
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Foreman
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McClugage
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Naftel
authors.forename: Christoph J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Griessenauer
authors.forename: Benjamin J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Ditty
authors.forename: Bonita S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Agee
authors.forename: Jay
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Riva-Cambrin
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wellons
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D002170:Canada; D002557:Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004487:Edema; D004805:Ependyma / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000601:surgery; D007223:Infant; D015192:Infratentorial Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008499:Medical Records; D015233:Models, Statistical; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome