title: Droplet breakup in subsurface oil releases--part 1: experimental study of droplet breakup and effectiveness of dispersant injection.
abstract: Size distribution of oil droplets formed in deep water oil and gas blowouts have strong impact on the fate of the oil in the environment. However, very limited data on droplet distributions from subsurface releases exist. The objective of this study has been to establish a laboratory facility to study droplet size versus release conditions (rates and nozzle diameters), oil properties and injection of dispersants (injection techniques and dispersant types). This paper presents this facility (6 m high, 3 m wide, containing 40 m(3) of sea water) and introductory data. Injection of dispersant lowers the interfacial tension between oil and water and cause a significant reduction in droplet size. Most of this data show a good fit to existing Weber scaling equations. Some interesting deviations due to dispersant treatment are further analyzed and used to develop modified algorithms for predicting droplet sizes in a second paper (Johansen et al., 2013).
authors.affiliation: SINTEF Materials and Chemistry, NO-7465 Trondheim, Norway. per.brandvik@sintef.no
authors.forename: Per Johan
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Brandvik
authors.forename: Øistein
authors.initials: Ø
authors.lastname: Johansen
authors.forename: Frode
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Leirvik
authors.forename: Umer
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Farooq
authors.forename: Per S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Daling
mesh_terms: D008956:Models, Chemical; D010578:Petroleum / Q000032:analysis*; D059392:Petroleum Pollution; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry*; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D010578:Petroleum; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Chemical dispersants; Droplet size distribution; Laboratory study; Subsurface blowouts