title: [Problems arising from the professionalization of nursing in the German Empire in the late 19th and early 20th century compared to the USA. A contribution to the current discussion].
abstract: The process of professionalization in Germany was hindered by several factors: the tradition of denominational nursing, the increasing segregation in the field of nursing, the resistance against nurses' professionalization, the late and sporadic institutionalization of nursing schools, and the classification of nursing as "ärztlicher Heilhilfsberuf". On the basis of these five influencing factors this paper will discuss the development in Germany in comparison to the USA at the end of the 19th and early 20th centuries. The aim is to explain the differences in the process of professionalization in the German Reich and the USA which are rooted in that period.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Geschichte der Medizin der Robert Bosch Stiftung, Stuttgart. sylvelyn.haehner@igm-bosch.de
authors.forename: Sylvelyn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hähner-Rombach
mesh_terms: D002321:Career Choice; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D004506:Education, Nursing / Q000266:history*; D005858:Germany; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D024802:Nurse's Role / Q000266:history*; D010823:Physician Assistants / Q000266:history*; D012956:Societies, Nursing / Q000266:history*; D014481:United States