title: Genomic and phenotypic response of hornyhead turbot exposed to municipal wastewater effluents.
abstract: Laboratory tests with marine flatfish were conducted to investigate associations among gene expression, higher biological responses and wastewater effluent exposure. In the present study, male hornyhead turbot (Pleuronichthys verticalis) were exposed to environmentally realistic (0.5%) and higher (5%) concentrations of chemically enhanced advanced-primary (PL) and full-secondary treated (HTP) effluents from two southern California wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). Hepatic gene expression was examined using a custom low-density microarray. Alterations in gene expression (vs. controls) were observed in fish exposed to both effluent types. Fish exposed to 0.5% PL effluent showed changes in genes involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics, steroids, and lipids, among other processes. Fish exposed to 5% PL effluent showed expression changes in genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, stress responses, xenobiotic metabolism, and steroid synthesis, among others. Exposure to 5% HTP effluent changed the expression of genes involved in lipid, glutathione and xenobiotic metabolism, as well as immune responses. Although no concentration-dependent patterns of response to effluent exposure were found, significant Spearman correlations were observed between the expression of 22 genes and molecular and/or higher biological responses. These results indicate that microarray gene expression data correspond to higher biological responses and should be incorporated in studies assessing fish health after exposure to complex environmental mixtures.
authors.affiliation: Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Costa Mesa, CA, USA. dorisv@sccwrp.org
authors.forename: Doris E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Vidal-Dorsch
authors.forename: Steven M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Bay
authors.forename: Cataldo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ribecco
authors.forename: L James
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Sprague
authors.forename: Mila
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Angert
authors.forename: Colleen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ludka
authors.forename: Eugenia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ricciardelli
authors.forename: Oliana
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Carnevali
authors.forename: Darrin J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Greenstein
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schlenk
authors.forename: Kevin M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Kelley
authors.forename: Jesus A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Reyes
authors.forename: Shane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Snyder
authors.forename: Brett
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vanderford
authors.forename: Lan C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Wiborg
authors.forename: Dawn
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Petschauer
authors.forename: Roman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sasik
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hardiman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005412:Flatfishes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D016678:Genome; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D010641:Phenotype; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects*; D062065:Wastewater / Q000633:toxicity*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D029941:Fish Proteins; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Effluent; Gene expression; Marine flatfish