title: Using nonesterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations during the transition period for herd-level monitoring of increased risk of disease and decreased reproductive and milking performance.
abstract: Dairy cows visit a state of negative energy balance (NEB) as they transition from late gestation to early lactation. At the individual level, there are several metabolic adaptations to manage NEB, including mobilization of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) from body fat reserves and glucose sparing for lactogenesis. Based on current pen-level feeding and management practices, strategies to minimize excessive NEB in both the individual and herd should focus on herd-level testing and management. This article reviews strategies for testing and monitoring of excessive NEB at the herd level through individual testing of 2 energy markers: NEFA and β-hydroxybutyrate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, 272 Morrison Hall, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.
authors.forename: Paula A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Ospina
authors.forename: Jessica A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: McArt
authors.forename: Thomas R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Overton
authors.forename: Tracy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stokol
authors.forename: Daryl V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Nydam
mesh_terms: D020155:3-Hydroxybutyric Acid / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002417:Cattle / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D007774:Lactation / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism; D008892:Milk / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D012098:Reproduction / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D020155:3-Hydroxybutyric Acid