title: Effect of alkalinisation of lignocaine for propofol injection pain: a prospective, randomised, double-blind study.
abstract: The aim of this study was to determine whether pretreatment with alkalinised lignocaine reduced the incidence and severity of pain during propofol injection. This prospective, randomised, double-blind study included 300 adult, American Society of Anesthesiologists physcial status I to II patients undergoing elective surgery. Patients were randomly allocated to one of three groups: Group L received 0.05 ml/kg of 1% lignocaine (5 ml normal saline + 5 ml 2% lignocaine), Group A received 0.05 ml/kg alkalinised lignocaine (5 ml 2% lignocaine + 1 ml 8.4% NaHCO3 + 4 ml normal saline), and Group S, the control group, was given the same amount of normal saline (NaCl 0.9%). All drugs were given as a bolus over 20 seconds before propofol administration. A blinded researcher assessed the patient's pain level using a four-point scale. The pain score [median (range)] and the incidence of pain in Group A (6%) was significantly lower than in groups L (41%) and S (88%, P <0.001). In addition, the pain score and the incidence of pain were found to be significantly different between Group L and Group S (P <0.001). The incidence of moderate and severe pain were greater in Group S when compared with groups A and L (P <0.001). Intravenous pretreatment with alkalinised lignocaine appears to be effective in reducing the pain during propofol injection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey. ulku.ozgul@inonu.edu.tr
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ozgul
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Begec
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Erdogan
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Aydogan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sanli
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Colak
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000468:Alkalies; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007275:Injections, Intravenous / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017693:Sodium Bicarbonate / Q000737:chemistry; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000468:Alkalies; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D017693:Sodium Bicarbonate; D008012:Lidocaine; D015742:Propofol
keywords: lignocaine; lignocaine carbonate; pain; propofol