title: Gender and Medical Leadership: Student Perceptions and Implications for Developing Future Leaders in Primary and Secondary Care--a Pilot Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore perceptions of leadership in undergraduate medical students.
  
  
  METHODS
  A quantitative pilot study; anonymous online survey. All undergraduates were invited to participate from one UK medical school; 469 students participated. The survey used Likert scales and open and closed questions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lack of self-confidence and perceptions of women leaders were issues for undergraduates. A significant number of male undergraduates rated women less able to perform 10 of 12 attributes of leadership. Furthermore, male undergraduates showed greater ambition towards future leadership, with 42.2% males compared to 21.7% females strongly agreeing that they saw themselves in a position of leadership in the future. Networking and tradition were also seen as barriers to females gaining the highest office in the student medical society. The importance of embedding leadership in the curriculum was highlighted by both genders. CONCLUSIONS Barriers to progression still need to be investigated and removed especially because women are expected to comprise the majority of the medical workforce by 2017. There needs to be greater emphasis on mentoring and role models at the undergraduate level and beyond and more awareness of leadership in curricula at all levels. These changes should ultimately improve confidence and change the perception of women in the medical workforce.
authors.affiliation: University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Crolla
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: O'Sullivan
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bogg
keywords: curriculum; female; leadership; perceptions; undergraduate