title: Vacant Properties and Violence in Neighborhoods.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Violence remains a significant public health issue in the United States. To determine if urban vacant properties were associated with an increased risk of assaultive violence and if this association was modified by important neighborhood institutions (e.g., schools, parks/playgrounds, police stations, and alcohol outlets).
  
  
  METHODS
  Longitudinal ecologic study of all 1816 block groups in Philadelphia. Aggravated assault and vacant property data were compiled yearly from 2002 to 2006 and linked to block groups. A mixed effects negative binomial regression model examined the association of vacant properties and assaults between and within block groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among all block groups, 84% experienced at least one vacant property, 89% at least one aggravated assault, and 64% at least one gun assault. Between block groups, the risk of aggravated assault increased 18% for every category shift of vacant properties (IRR 1.18, 95% CI: 1.12, 1.25,P <0.001). Parks/playgrounds and alcohol outlets potentially modified the association between vacant properties and aggravated assaults but only at low levels of vacancy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increasing levels of vacancy were associated with increased risk of assaultive violence in urban block groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Charles C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Branas
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rubin
authors.forename: Wensheng
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Guo