title: Efficiency is not enough; you have to prove that you care: role modelling of compassionate care in an innovative resident-as-teacher initiative.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The current emphasis on providing holistic competent and efficient healthcare has revealed a need to nurture providers' compassionate and relationship-centred care throughout the continuum of medical education.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our resident-as-teacher programme trained 41 residents from core clerkships at six clinical sites in the United States of America (USA) to teach and practice compassionate care through role-modelling. The programme focused on resident's demonstrations or failures to demonstrate compassionate care with peers, students and healthcare providers, and engaged residents in disseminating their experience to their colleagues. A mixed-method evaluation assessed short-term outcomes at multiple levels through the collection of resident's: pre- and post-programme scores on empathy scale, performance on standardised patient (SP) exercise, and self-assessment of their performance on relationship-centred care skills; journal reflections; presentations delivered at their site and attendees' evaluation; evaluation of the programme. Quantitative data was analysed calculating descriptive statistics and paired sample t-tests, using SAS. Qualitative data was analysed performing open coding and code frequency counts to identify emergent themes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Residents had empathy scores within the average range, and high scores on SP assessments throughout the programme. The programme had a positive impact on resident's perceptions of their relationship-centred skills. Residents found the programme useful, and emphasised the importance of mindfulness, active presence and slowing down-and were concerned with addressing these needs in daily practice. Eighteen presentations were delivered across sites. Attendees found the presentations useful and necessary in their training.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Residents successfully reflected on, embodied and disseminated the programme's core concepts on their rotations. This group required validation of their commitment to compassionate care, and sought strategies to embody their commitment while inspiring other providers, residents and students.
authors.affiliation: Faculty Development, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Maria.Blanco@tufts.edu
authors.forename: Maria A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Blanco
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maderer
authors.forename: Lori Lyn
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: Scott K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Epstein
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Summergrad
mesh_terms: D002983:Clinical Competence / Q000592:standards; D004645:Empathy; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D008611:Mentors / Q000523:psychology; D015397:Program Evaluation; D013663:Teaching / Q000379:methods