title: An alternate dissection approach to the female urogenital triangle.
abstract: Traditional dissections of the female urogenital (UG) triangle can lead to early destruction of the erectile tissues, associated musculature, and neurovascular structures. Here, we present an alternate dissection of the female UG triangle. Rather than begin the female UG triangle dissection with the fatty tissue of the labia majora, we utilize an early identification of the suspensory ligament of the clitoris to organize the dissection. The suspensory ligament leads to the body of the clitoris, which can be palpated from distal to proximal to find the crura of the clitoris with overlying ischiocavernosus muscles. Once the crura have been defined, the bulbs of the vestibule with overlying bulbospongiosus muscles can be palpated medially and posteriorly. This dissection approach results in a clean dissection that well demonstrates homologies between male and female external genitalia. Through the use of this method, most student dissection attempts are able to demonstrate the erectile tissues and associated musculature that comprise the female UG triangle. This technique can also be used for male UG triangle dissections, encouraging identification of male and female homologies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA. mhallx1@midwestern.edu
authors.forename: Margaret I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: Linda M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Walters
mesh_terms: D002102:Cadaver; D002987:Clitoris / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000601:surgery; D004210:Dissection / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005836:Genitalia, Female / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008022:Ligaments / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000601:surgery; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000601:surgery; D010502:Perineum / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery; D014566:Urogenital System / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery
keywords: clitoris; dissection methods; erectile tissues; female perineum; superficial perineal pouch