title: Ascorbic acid reduces gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats through the control of reactive oxygen species.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathophysiology of many forms of acute renal failure. The aim was examine the effect of vitamin C on oxidative stress and its relationship with nitric oxide on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  We utilized 32 Wistar rats allocated in four groups of eight animals each: control (CTL), vitamin C (VIT C), gentamicin (GENTA), and GENTA + VIT C; all groups were treated during seven days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum urea and creatinine, serum and renal tissue malondialdehyde, blood superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide in GENTA were increased vs CTL and vs VIT C, and decreased in GENTA + VIT C vs GENTA (all P < 0.05). Serum nitric oxide increased in GENTA vs CTL and vs VIT C, and reduced in GENTA + VIT C vs GENTA (P < 0.001). Urinary nitric oxide was reduced in GENTA vs CTL and vs VIT C and increased in GENTA + VIT C vs GENTA (P < 0.001). Severe degeneration of proximal tubules was present in GENTA, but only mild lesions were observed in GENTA + VIT C.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that VIT C is a valuable tool to protect against GENTA-induced nephrotoxicity, by reducing reactive oxygen species and increasing the nitric oxide.
authors.affiliation: Nephrology, Brazil.
authors.forename: Miriam A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Moreira
authors.affiliation: Translational Medicine, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcos A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Nascimento
authors.affiliation: Nephrology, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tatiana A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Bozzo
authors.affiliation: Surgery Research Division - UNIFESP/EPM, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alvaro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cintra
authors.affiliation: Surgery Research Division - UNIFESP/EPM, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sônia M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Nephrology, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Dalboni
authors.affiliation: Nephrology, Brazil; Translational Medicine, Brazil; Emergency, Brazil.
authors.forename: Margaret G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Mouro
authors.affiliation: Nephrology, Brazil; Translational Medicine, Brazil; Surgery Research Division - UNIFESP/EPM, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: emshiga@nefro.epm.br.
authors.forename: Elisa M S
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Higa
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000818:Animals; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000097:blood; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000097:blood; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D005839:Gentamicins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D003404:Creatinine; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D001205:Ascorbic Acid
keywords: Acute renal failure; Gentamicin; Nitric oxide; Oxidative stress; Vitamin C