title: Focal cryotherapy in the treatment of localized prostate cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The management choice for newly diagnosed localized prostate cancer presents a challenge to both the physician and the patient. Traditionally, surgery and radiation therapy have been the most commonly recommended options. More recently, active surveillance is recommended as the preferred management choice for a subset of men with localized, low-risk cancer. Recent reports also suggest that focal cryotherapy may be considered as a management option for selected cases of clinically localized prostate cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  A review of the literature on focal cryotherapy from 2002 to 2012 was performed. Outcomes on cancer control, complications, and quality of life were extracted and assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The biochemical disease-free survival at 5 years is comparable to whole gland treatment modalities. Complications are minimal and comparable with other local treatment modalities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Focal cryotherapy is safe and effective, and it may improve failure rates in men who initially pursue active surveillance protocols. Early outcomes with cancer control are encouraging.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
authors.forename: Huy D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Bryan J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: Julio M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Pow-Sang
mesh_terms: D017679:Cryotherapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D012196:Review Literature as Topic