title: Acute effects of high-protein versus normal-protein isocaloric meals on satiety and ghrelin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to compare isocaloric high-protein (HP) test meals with normal-protein (NP) test ones on satiety and ghrelin in human being.
  
  
  METHODS
  Systematic searches were conducted by using PubMed, Cochrane library, EMBASE, and HighWire Press to identify randomized, crossover trials that investigated the acute effects of isocalorically prescribed HP versus NP test meals on satiety and ghrelin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pooled analyses showed that subjects with HP test meals had a significantly higher acute satiety area under the curve (AUC) than those with NP test meals (P < 0.001). Conversely, the former had a markedly lower level of acute ghrelin at 180 min as well as acute glucose AUC, although they had a notably higher glucose at 180 min (P = 0.008).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The meta-analysis showed that the acute consumption of HP did produce more satiety. In addition, relative to NP test meals, HP test ones may be useful in regulating postprandial glucose, whereas a significantly higher preprandial glucose combined with a lower concentration of ghrelin may contribute to the decrease in ad libitum caloric intake.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Zhihong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Haixing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jue
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D054439:Ghrelin / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019518:Postprandial Period; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012527:Satiation / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D054439:Ghrelin