title: Cancer concepts and principles: primer for the interventional oncologist-part I.
abstract: A sophisticated understanding of the rapidly changing field of oncology, including a broad knowledge of oncologic disease and the therapies available to treat them, is fundamental to the interventional radiologist providing oncologic therapies, and is necessary to affirm interventional oncology as one of the four pillars of cancer care alongside medical, surgical, and radiation oncology. The first part of this review intends to provide a concise overview of the fundamentals of oncologic clinical trials, including trial design, methods to assess therapeutic response, common statistical analyses, and the levels of evidence provided by clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Division of Interventional Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
authors.forename: Ryan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hickey
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vouche
authors.forename: Daniel Y
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Sze
authors.forename: Elias
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hohlastos
authors.forename: Jeremy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.forename: Todd
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schirmang
authors.forename: Khairuddin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Memon
authors.forename: Robert K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.forename: Kent
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ramona
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Resnick
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carr
authors.forename: Howard B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Chrisman
authors.forename: Albert A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Nemcek
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Vogelzang
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Lewandowski
authors.forename: Riad
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Salem
mesh_terms: D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D018450:Disease Progression; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D023381:Endpoint Determination; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008495:Medical Oncology / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D015641:Radiography, Interventional / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012107:Research Design / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: CR; DCR; EASL; European Association for the Study of the Liver; FDA; Food and Drug Administration; HCC; NCCN; National Comprehensive Cancer Network; ORR; PFS; PR; RECIST; Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors; SD; TTP; WHO; World Health Organization; complete response; disease control rate; hepatocellular carcinoma; mRECIST; modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors; overall response rate; partial response; progression-free survival; stable disease; time to progression