title: The chemokine CXCL6 restricts human trophoblast cell migration and invasion by suppressing MMP-2 activity in the first trimester.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Can the chemokine CXCL6 affect trophoblast cell migration and invasion in human first-trimester placenta?
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chemokine CXCL6 inhibits trophoblast cell migration and invasion by suppressing matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 activity in human first-trimester placenta.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Several chemokines including CXCL8, CXCL12, CXCL14, CXCL16, CX3CL1, CCL14 and CCL4 can promote or inhibit trophoblast cell migration and invasion in human first-trimester placenta.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used the trophoblast cell line HTR8/SVneo cells, primary trophoblast cells and villi explants to investigate the effect of rhCXCL6 on trophoblast cell migration and invasion.
  
  
  METHODS
  First, the CXCL6 RNA transcript level was detected in HTR8/SVneo cells derived from human first-trimester, second-trimester and third-trimester placenta by RT-PCR. Protein expression of CXCL6 and its receptors was tested in first-trimester placenta by immunohistochemistry. Secreted CXCL6 protein was detected in HTR8/SVneo cell supernatants by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Secondly, the effect of rhCXCL6 on HTR8/SVneo cell proliferation was assessed by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Thirdly, the effect of rhCXCL6 on cell migration and invasion of HTR8/SVneo cells, primary trophoblast cells and villi explants was tested by transwell migration and invasion assays, respectively. Last, MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity in the supernatants of HTR8/SVneo and primary trophoblast cells treated by rhCXCL6 in the invasion assay was assessed by gelatin zymography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Abundance of the CXCL6 RNA transcript increased with pregnancy development. CXCL6 and its receptor were expressed in several cells at the human maternal-fetal interface. RhCXCL6 inhibited trophoblast cell migration and invasion by suppressing MMP-2 activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These experiments are only in vitro.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to the literature, CXCL6 could promote tumour cell migration and invasion by accelerating MMP-9 activity. However, CXCL6 inhibited trophoblast cell migration and invasion by suppressing MMP-2 activity in human first-trimester interface. These data suggest that strict regulation of CXCL6 is required for normal migration and invasion of cells, such as those involved at the maternal-fetal interface.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: W Y
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D002465:Cell Movement; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D054427:Chemokine CXCL6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005260:Female; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D006801:Humans; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D010920:Placenta / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D010929:Placentation; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D046509:Tissue Culture Techniques; D014327:Trophoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: C515503:CXCL6 protein, human; D054427:Chemokine CXCL6; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C522361:MMP2 protein, human; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2
keywords: CXCL6; chemokine; invasion; migration; trophoblast cells