title: 18F-FDG PET/CT in detection of gynecomastia in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We retrospectively investigate the prevalence of gynecomastia as false-positive 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) imaging in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Among the 127 male HCC patients who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT scan, the 18FDG uptakes at the bilateral breasts in 9 patients with gynecomastia were recorded as standard uptake value (SUVmax) and the visual interpretation in both early and delayed images.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean early SUVmax was 1.58/1.57 (right/left breast) in nine gynecomastia patients. The three patients with early visual score of 3 had higher early SUVmaxs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gynecomastia is a possible cause of false-positive uptake on 18F-FDG PET/CT images.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan; Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsin-Yi
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Long-Bin
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Jeng
authors.forename: Ming-Chia
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Chih-Hao
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.forename: Wan-Yu
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Chia-Hung
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Kao
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D006177:Gynecomastia / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18
keywords: (18)FDG PET/CT; Gynecomastia; Hepatocellular carcinoma; SUVmax