title: Effect of sonic application mode on the resin-dentin bond strength and nanoleakage of simplified self-etch adhesive.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aims to evaluate the effect of different application modes on the immediate and 6-month resin-dentin bond strength (μTBS) and nanoleakage in the hybrid and adhesive layers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three 1-step self-etch adhesives (One Coat 7.0 (OC), Clearfil S(3) Bond (CS), and FuturaBond NR (FB)) were applied on a flat superficial dentin surface of 30 human molars under manual mode or sonic vibration at a frequency of 170 Hz (SV). Composite build-ups were constructed incrementally; specimens were sectioned to obtain resin-dentin sticks with cross-sectional area of 0.8 mm(2) and tested in tension (0.5 mm/min) immediately (IM) or after 6 months (6M) of water storage. Two bonded sticks, from each tooth at each storage time, were immersed in a silver nitrate solution, photo-developed, and analyzed under scanning electron microscopy. The amount of nanoleakage was measured using the ImageTool 3.0 software. Data, from each adhesive, were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  OC and CS showed higher μTBS and lower nanoleakage in the IM period when applied with SV groups. For FB, no significant difference was observed between the two modes of application. All materials showed lower nanoleakage in the SV groups. Higher nanoleakage was observed after 6M for OC and FB.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The sonic application mode at an oscillating frequency of 170 Hz can improve the resin-dentin μTBS, reduce the nanoleakage, and retard the degradation of the resin-dentin μTBS of Clearfil S(3) Bond and One Coat 7.0 adhesives.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sonic application mode at an oscillating frequency of 170 Hz can be helpful and easy to use in dental practice to guaranty long-lasting restorations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Rua Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, Bloco M, Sala 64A-Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, 84030-900, Brazil, alexmenaserrano@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mena-Serrano
authors.forename: Eugenio Jose
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: Alessandro Dourado
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Loguercio
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reis
mesh_terms: D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D003738:Dental Cements; D003804:Dentin / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D036103:Nanotechnology; D013718:Tensile Strength
chemical_list: D003188:Composite Resins; D003738:Dental Cements