title: Overexpression of matrix metalloproteinase 11 in Thai prostatic adenocarcinoma is associated with poor survival.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The incidence of prostate cancer, one of the most common cancers in elderly men, is increasing annually in Thailand. Matrix metalloproteinase 11 (MMP-11) is a member of the extracellular matrix metalloproteases which has been associated with human tumor progression and clinical outcome.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To quantify MMP-11 expression in prostatic adenocarcinoma tissues and to determine whether its overexpression correlates with survival outcome, and to assess its potential as a new prognostic marker.
  
  
  METHODS
  Expression of MMP-11 was analyzed using immunohistochemistry in 103 Thai patients with prostatic adenocarcinoma. Overall survival was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox regression models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immunoreactivity of MMP-11 was seen in the stroma of prostatic adenocarcinoma tissue samples, high expression being significantly correlated with poor differentiation in Gleason grading, pathologic tumor stage 4 (pT4), and positive-bone metastasis (p<0.05), but not age and prostatic-specific antigen (PSA) level. Patients with high levels of MMP-11 expression demonstrated significantly shorter survival (p<0.001) when compared to those with low levels. Multivariate analysis showed that MMP-11 expression and pT stage were related with survival in prostatic adenocarcinoma [hazard ratio (HR)=0.448, 95% confidence interval (95%CI)=0.212-0.946, HR=0.333, 95%CI=0.15-0.74, respectively].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Expression of MMP-11 is significantly associated with survival in prostatic adenocarcinoma. High levels may potentially be used for prediction of a poor prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
authors.forename: Nongnuch
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nonsrijun
authors.forename: Jumphol
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mitchai
authors.forename: Kamoltip
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Ratana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Leksomboon
authors.forename: Panya
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tuamsuk
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D053507:Matrix Metalloproteinase 11 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D013785:Thailand; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen; C511771:MMP11 protein, human; D053507:Matrix Metalloproteinase 11