title: Screening methods to detect child maltreatment: high variability in Dutch emergency departments.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the Netherlands, screening for child maltreatment is mandatory in all emergency departments but it is unclear which screening methods are being used. As a first step towards implementation of a universal screening method across all emergency departments, we assessed the currently used screening methods.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To provide an overview of the screening methods for child maltreatment across all emergency departments in the Netherlands and to assess their empirical substantiation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We surveyed all emergency departments in the Netherlands using a questionnaire on screening methods. All screening checklists used in emergency departments were assembled and compared with the literature.
  
  
  RESULTS
  85 hospitals with an emergency department were approached, 80 of which completed the questionnaire and 77 provided copies of their screening checklists. All participating hospitals use a screening checklist, 41% a screening physical examination, 60% a screening based on parental risk factors and 3% a retrospective review of all charts. The empirical substantiation for these screening methods is largely lacking, and at least 73% of the hospitals use a checklist that has not been reported in the literature.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Large variations in screening methods exist across emergency departments in the Netherlands, most of which are not based on empirical evidence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Paediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, , Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Eva M M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Hoytema van Konijnenburg
authors.forename: Arianne H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Teeuw
authors.forename: Sophie A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Zwaard
authors.forename: Johanna H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: van der Lee
authors.forename: Rick R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: van Rijn
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D057189:Checklist / Q000592:standards; D002648:Child; D002649:Child Abuse / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D036262:Empirical Research; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D009426:Netherlands; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Paediatrics, non accidental injury; Violence, domestic