title: Role of the anesthesiologist in the wider governance of healthcare and health economics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Healthcare resources will always be limited, and as a result, difficult decisions must be made about how to allocate limited resources across unlimited demands in order to maximize health gains per resource expended. Governments and hospitals now in severe financial deficits recognize that reengagement of physicians is central to their ability to contain the runaway healthcare costs. Health economic analysis provides tools and techniques to assess which investments in healthcare provide good value for money vs which options should be forgone. Robust decision-making in healthcare requires objective consideration of evidence in order to balance clinical and economic benefits vs risks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Surveys of the literature reveal very few economic analyses related to anesthesia and perioperative medicine despite increasing recognition of the need. Now is an opportune time for anesthesiologists to become familiar with the tools and methodologies of health economics in order to facilitate and lead robust decision-making in quality-based procedures. For most technologies used in anesthesia and perioperative medicine, the responsibility to determine cost-effectiveness falls to those tasked with the governance and stewardship of limited resources for unlimited demands using best evidence plus economics at the local, regional, and national levels. Applicable cost-effectiveness, cost-utility, and cost-benefits in health economics are reviewed in this article with clinical examples in anesthesia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anesthesiologists can make a difference in the wider governance of healthcare and health economics if we advance our knowledge and skills beyond the technical to address the "other" dimensions of decision-making--most notably, the economic aspects in a value-based healthcare system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia & Perioperative Medicine and Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Davy
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cheng
mesh_terms: D000758:Anesthesia / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods; D000776:Anesthesiology / Q000191:economics* / Q000458:organization & administration; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003657:Decision Making; D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000191:economics*; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006801:Humans