title: Social capital, health behaviours and health: a population-based associational study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Social capital is associated with health behaviours and health. Our objective was to explore how different dimensions of social capital and health-related behaviours are associated, and whether health behaviours mediate this association between social capital and self-rated health and psychological well-being.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used data from the Health 2000 Survey (n=8028) of the adult population in Finland. The response rate varied between 87% (interview) and 77% (the last self-administered questionnaire). Due to item non-response, missing values were replaced using multiple imputation. The associations between three dimensions of social capital (social support, social participation and networks, trust and reciprocity) and five health behaviours (smoking, alcohol use, physical activity, vegetable consumption, sleep) were examined by using logistic regression and controlling for age, gender, education, income and living arrangements. The possible mediating role of health behaviours in the association between social capital and self-rated health and psychological well-being was also analysed with a logistic regression model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Social participation and networks were associated with all of the health behaviours. High levels of trust and reciprocity were associated with non-smoking and adequate duration of sleep, and high levels of social support with adequate duration of sleep and daily consumption of vegetables. Social support and trust and reciprocity were independently associated with self-rated health and psychological well-being. Part of the association between social participation and networks and health was explained by physical activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Irrespective of their social status, people with higher levels of social capital - especially in terms of social participation and networks - engage in healthier behaviours and feel healthier both physically and psychologically.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health, Functional Capacity and Welfare, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland. tarja.nieminen@thl.fi
authors.forename: Tarja
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nieminen
authors.forename: Ritva
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Prättälä
authors.forename: Tuija
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Martelin
authors.forename: Tommi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Härkänen
authors.forename: Markku T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Hyyppä
authors.forename: Erkki
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Alanen
authors.forename: Seppo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koskinen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D015438:Health Behavior; D006304:Health Status; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012931:Social Environment; D058992:Social Participation; D012944:Social Support; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D035502:Trust / Q000523:psychology