title: Metals in wheat flour; comparative study and safety control.
abstract: Cereal industry and its derived products have a big economic and social importance worldwide. Therefore, as wheat flour is a commodity for all bread and bakery industry, it is safety is of high nutrition and toxicological interest. In this investigation we intend to study and determine the content of twelve metals in 50 samples of wheat flour coming from a wheat flour industry. Macro elements sodium, potassium magnesium and calcium, micro elements manganese, iron, copper, zinc, chrome and nickel as well as toxic trace elements cadmium and lead have been analysed. The estimated diary intake of each metal and their contribution in percentage terms to the RDI (macro and micro elements) and to the PTWI (toxic elements) has been determined. Contribution of Cd and Pb to the PTWI was very low, a fact that shows safety in this wheat flour concerning toxic metals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.
authors.forename: Raquel L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Tejera
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Luis
authors.forename: Dailos
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: González-Weller
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Caballero
authors.forename: Angel J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rubio
authors.forename: Arturo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hardisson
mesh_terms: D002104:Cadmium / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D005433:Flour / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D006801:Humans; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D008670:Metals / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D011786:Quality Control; D064167:Recommended Dietary Allowances; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000032:analysis; D014908:Triticum / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D008670:Metals; D014131:Trace Elements; D002104:Cadmium; D007854:Lead