title: Assessment of short dental implants restored with single-unit nonsplinted restorations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the survival rate of short (≤9 mm) implants restored with single-unit, nonsplinted crowns after an average follow-up of 37 months (21-94 months).
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and twenty-one implants placed in 168 patients (74 men, 94 women, aged 34-87 years, mean = 61 years). Implant lengths were 6 (n = 16), 8 (n = 166), 8.5 (n = 2), or 9 mm (n = 34). The implant diameters ranged from 3.7 to 5.6 mm. Implants were placed in the maxillary (n = 44) and mandibular arches (n = 176).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Survival rate was 94.1% (maxilla [88.6%] and mandible [96.0%]) and 12 early failures (first 4 months) and 1 late failure (4.5 years in the maxillary molar region) observed. Of the 12 early failures, 4 were in the maxilla (2 premolars and 2 molars) and 8 in the mandible (2 premolars and 6 molars). The early failures were 11 implants of 8 mm long and a 9-mm implant. Smoking cigarettes, diabetes mellitus, and bone augmentation procedures were not associated with implant failure significantly (P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Survival rate of short implants restored with single-unit, nonsplinted restorations over an average period of 37 months was favorable and comparable with longer implants.
authors.affiliation: *Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Los Angeles County/USC Medical Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA. †Resident, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Los Angeles County/USC Medical Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA. ‡Clinical Teaching Fellow, Orthodontics, Warwick Dentistry, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Bach T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Le
authors.forename: Troy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Follmar
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Borzabadi-Farahani
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000540:Alveolar Ridge Augmentation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003757:Dental Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019250:Dental Implants, Single-Tooth / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects