title: Gender differences in heroin users receiving methadone maintenance therapy in Taiwan.
abstract: This study examined gender differences in heroin users who first received MMT. Compared with men, female heroin users were younger and more likely to be unemployed, to have family members using illicit substances, to initiate heroin use at a younger age, to begin MMT earlier after starting heroin use, to have methamphetamine use, to initiate methamphetamine use at a younger age, and to report a child-raising burden and a prior history of traumatic experiences. Men were more likely to have use of betel quid, and to initiate alcohol, nicotine and betel quid use at a younger age than women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Huang-Chi
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Yu-Ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Peng-Wei
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hung-Chi
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Chia-Nan
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Yen
authors.forename: Yi-Chun
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.forename: Kuan-Sheng
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Hsun-Cheng
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Cheng-Fang
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Yen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D017668:Age of Onset; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D001114:Areca; D002648:Child; D002668:Child Rearing / Q000523:psychology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006556:Heroin Dependence / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D008297:Male; D008691:Methadone / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009294:Narcotics / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D013624:Taiwan; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D014478:Unemployment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D009294:Narcotics; D008691:Methadone