title: Heterotaxy syndrome: impact of ventricular morphology on resource utilization.
abstract: Patients with heterotaxy syndrome (HS) have significant cardiac and extracardiac anomalies that impact outcome. To improve the management of this complex patient population, we performed a comprehensive analysis of their anatomic and clinical features along with an evaluation of resource utilization data. The objectives were to describe anatomic and clinical features of patients with HS syndrome treated at a single center from 1992 to 2011 focusing on the impact of ventricular morphology (univentricular [UV] vs. biventricular [BV]) on clinical outcomes and resource utilization. Clinical and echocardiographic data from patients with HS were abstracted from medical records. Health care costs were indexed to inflation. Seventy-eight patients were identified with HS ranging in age from 1 day to 29 years old. UV morphology was present in 46 patients (59 %), most commonly with right-ventricular dominance (36 of 46). The presence of extra cardiac anomalies did not differ between the UV and BV groups (82 vs. 78 %) nor did morbidities, such as need for enteral tube feedings (47 vs. 25 %) or pacemaker placement (24 vs. 25 %). Mortality was 28 % in the entire cohort: 39 % in univentricuar patients versus 10.5 % in those with biventricular anatomy. Hospital length of stay for medical illnesses was similar in both groups, but length of stay after surgery was significantly longer in UV than BV patients. Among survivors, UV patients had greater median hospital costs (TeX 67,732, p < 0.001), but when this was adjusted for mortality and variable follow-up, there were no differences in health care costs within the first year of life. Significant health care dollars are used to manage children with HS, the majority of which involve expenses related to surgical care. Although patients with biventricular morphology have better survival, morbidity and resource utilization are similar to those for UV patients especially within the first year of life.
authors.forename: Venugopal
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Amula
authors.forename: German L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Ellsworth
authors.forename: Susan L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Bratton
authors.forename: Cammon B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Arrington
authors.forename: Madolin K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Witte
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002648:Child; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006295:Health Resources / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006302:Health Services Research; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D059446:Heterotaxy Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000191:economics / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008501:Medical Records, Problem-Oriented / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology