title: Endovascular embolization of varicoceles using n-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA) glue.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Varicoceles are abnormally dilated veins within the pampiniform plexus. They are caused by reflux of blood in the internal spermatic vein. The incidence of varicoceles is approximately 10-15% of the adolescent male population. The etiology of varicoceles is probably multifactorial. The diagnosis is based on Doppler US. Treatment could be endovascular or surgical. The aim of the study was to describe and evaluate a novel method of endovascular embolization of varicoceles using n-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA) glue.
  
  
  METHODS
  17 patients were subjected to endovascular treatment of varicoceles using NBCA. A 2.8 Fr microcatheter and a 1:1 mixture of NBCA and lipiodol were used for embolization of the spermatic vein.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All 17 procedures were successful. There were no complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Embolization of varicoceles using NBCA glue is efficient and safe for all patients. The method should be considered as a method of choice in all patients. Phlebography and Valsalva maneuver are crucial for technical success and avoidance of complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endovascular treatment of varicoceles using NBCA glue is very effective and safe.
authors.affiliation: Depertment of Radiography, Medical University of Lublin; Department of Interventional Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Independent Public Clinical Hospital No. 1 in Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: Radosław
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pietura
authors.forename: Michał
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Toborek
authors.forename: Aneta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dudek
authors.forename: Agata
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boćkowska
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Janicka
authors.forename: Paweł
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Piekarski
keywords: embolization; n-butyl cyanoacrylate; varicoceles