title: Prevalence of Type 2 diabetes and pre-diabetes among overweight or obese children in Tianjin, China.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of Type 2 diabetes and pre-diabetes and their risk factors among overweight or obese school children aged 7-18 years in Tianjin, China.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional survey in a representative sample of overweight/obese children or adolescents in Tianjin was conducted from May to August 2010 using a stratified cluster sampling method. A two-step screening, which was conducted to identify Type 2 diabetes and pre-diabetes in these children, consisted of a fasting capillary glucose test and a standard 2-h oral glucose tolerance test. Subjects who had fasting capillary glucose ≥ 5.6 mmol/l were invited for an oral glucose tolerance test. The study used Chinese criteria for classification of obesity/overweight and World Health Organization criteria for diabetes/pre-diabetes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 3173 children participated in the survey, with a response rate of 99.0%. Of the children, 13.0% (n = 413) were overweight and 15.4% (n = 490) were obese. Among these 903 children, 727 (80.5%) agreed to and underwent the diabetes screening and two (0.28%) were diagnosed as having Type 2 diabetes, six (0.83%) to have impaired fasting glucose, 16 (2.20%) to have impaired glucose tolerance and two (0.28%) to have both. The prevalence of Type 2 diabetes and pre-diabetes was 0.28% (95% CI 0.08-1.00%) and 3.30% (95% CI 2.23-4.87%), respectively. Abdominal obesity and motorized commuting were associated with Type 2 diabetes or pre-diabetes among overweight or obese boys, while high birthweight was associated with Type 2 diabetes or pre-diabetes among girls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Type 2 diabetes among school-aged children was still low in Tianjin, China. However, Type 2 diabetes-related factors were very common, especially overweight and obesity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: M-Z
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: X-L
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D002648:Child; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D011634:Public Health; D012307:Risk Factors; D012572:School Health Services
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose