title: Pain during topical photodynamic therapy of actinic keratoses with 5-aminolevulinic acid and red light source: randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pain is the major drawback of photodynamic therapy (PDT), an otherwise effective treatment for actinic keratoses (AKs).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine pain intensity and its dependence upon various factors during PDT with 5-aminolevulinic acid for face/scalp AKs.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, randomized, within-patient comparison study was performed. Thirty-eight patients with at least two clearly definable, mild or moderate AKs were randomized to receive either a red light dose of 70 or 100 J/cm(2) as a first or second split face/scalp treatment. They were blinded to the light dose administered. Pain during treatment was assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean intensity of pain during the first treatment session was 5.00 (± 1.78), while during the follow-up VAS score was 4.50 (± 1.51). Bigger AKs (> 130 mm(2) ) were more painful than the smaller ones (P = 0.003) and AKs on the face were twice more painful than the ones on the scalp (P = 0.002). Gender and patient age were poor pain predictors. Pain was independent of the patient's Fitzpatrick skin type, AK clinical grade, pretreatment fluorescence intensity, and the light dose during PDT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pain during PDT is associated with AK location and size. Treatment of bigger lesions (> 130 mm(2) ) results in more pain than smaller ones and treatment of the face is more painful than the scalp area.
authors.affiliation: Department of Skin and Venereal Diseases, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Medical Academy, Kaunas, Lithuania. buinauskaitei@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Evelina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Buinauskaite
authors.forename: Rimantas
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zalinkevicius
authors.forename: Jurate
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Buinauskiene
authors.forename: Skaidra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Valiukeviciene
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000622:Aminolevulinic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000818:Animals; D005145:Face / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D010787:Photosensitivity Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012535:Scalp / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D000622:Aminolevulinic Acid
keywords: 5-aminolevulinic acid; actinic keratosis; pain; photodynamic therapy