title: Community diarrhea incidence before and after rotavirus vaccine introduction in Nicaragua.
abstract: We estimated the incidence of watery diarrhea in the community before and after introduction of the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine in León, Nicaragua. A random sample of households was selected before and after rotavirus vaccine introduction. All children < 5 years of age in selected households were eligible for inclusion. Children were followed every 2 weeks for watery diarrhea episodes. The incidence rate was estimated as numbers of episodes per 100 child-years of exposure time. A mixed effects Poisson regression model was fit to compare incidence rates in the pre-vaccine and vaccine periods. The pre-vaccine cohort (N = 726) experienced 36 episodes per 100 child-years, and the vaccine cohort (N = 826) experienced 25 episodes per 100 child-years. The adjusted incidence rate ratio was 0.60 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.40, 0.91) during the vaccine period versus the pre-vaccine period, indicating a lower incidence of watery diarrhea in the community during the vaccine period.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7595, USA. sbd@unc.edu
authors.forename: Sylvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Becker-Dreps
authors.forename: Marlon
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Meléndez
authors.forename: Lan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Luis Enrique
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Zambrana
authors.forename: Margarita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Paniagua
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Hudgens
authors.forename: Mercedes
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cáceres
authors.forename: Carina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Källeståll
authors.forename: Douglas R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: Félix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Espinoza
authors.forename: Rodolfo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Peña
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009527:Nicaragua / Q000453:epidemiology; D012400:Rotavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D022243:Rotavirus Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D022243:Rotavirus Vaccines