title: Current state of knowledge on aetiology, diagnosis, management, and therapy of myocarditis: a position statement of the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases.
abstract: In this position statement of the ESC Working Group on Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases an expert consensus group reviews the current knowledge on clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment of myocarditis, and proposes new diagnostic criteria for clinically suspected myocarditis and its distinct biopsy-proven pathogenetic forms. The aims are to bridge the gap between clinical and tissue-based diagnosis, to improve management and provide a common reference point for future registries and multicentre randomised controlled trials of aetiology-driven treatment in inflammatory heart muscle disease.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiological Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Padova, Italy. alida.caforio@unipd.it
authors.forename: Alida L P
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Caforio
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pankuweit
authors.forename: Eloisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Arbustini
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Basso
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gimeno-Blanes
authors.forename: Stephan B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Felix
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Tiina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Heliö
authors.forename: Stephane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Heymans
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jahns
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Klingel
authors.forename: Ales
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Linhart
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Maisch
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: McKenna
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mogensen
authors.forename: Yigal M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.forename: Arsen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ristic
authors.forename: Heinz-Peter
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Schultheiss
authors.forename: Hubert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Seggewiss
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tavazzi
authors.forename: Gaetano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Thiene
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Charron
authors.forename: Perry M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Elliott
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001706:Biopsy / Q000379:methods; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008134:Long-Term Care / Q000379:methods; D009205:Myocarditis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D012017:Referral and Consultation
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents
keywords: Cardiomyopathy; Diagnosis; Myocarditis; Therapy