title: Degradation of a model azo dye in submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAMBR) operated with powdered activated carbon (PAC).
abstract: This work investigated the anaerobic degradation of the model azo dye Remazol Yellow Gold RNL in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASB) and two submerged anaerobic membrane (SAMBR) bioreactors, one of which (SAMBR-1) was operated with powdered activated carbon (PAC) in its interior. The reactors were operated at 35 °C with a hydraulic retention time of 24 h in three operational phases, aimed to assess the effect of external sources of carbon (glucose) or redox mediator (yeast extract) on the removal or color and organic matter. The results showed that removal efficiencies of COD (73-94%) and color (90-94%) were higher for SAMBR-1 when compared to SAMBR-2 (operated without PAC) and UASB reactors. In addition, the presence of PAC in SAMBR-1 increased reactor stability, thereby leading to a lower accumulation of volatile fatty acids (VFA). The microfiltration membrane was responsible for an additional removal of ~50% of soluble residual COD in the form of VFA, thus improving permeate quality. On its turn, PAC exhibited the ability to adsorb byproducts (aromatic amines) of azo dye degradation as well as to act as source of immobilized redox mediator (quinone groups on its surface), thereby enhancing color removal.
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduate Programme in Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto 35400-000, Brazil. bruno.baeta@ambiental.ufop.br
authors.forename: B E L
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Baêta
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Luna
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Sanson
authors.forename: S Q
authors.initials: SQ
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Aquino
mesh_terms: D000588:Amines / Q000378:metabolism; D000693:Anaerobiosis; D001391:Azo Compounds / Q000378:metabolism*; D057919:Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis; D019149:Bioreactors / Q000382:microbiology; D002244:Carbon / Q000378:metabolism; D002606:Charcoal; D003116:Color; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile / Q000378:metabolism; D005374:Filtration / Q000295:instrumentation; D012256:Riboflavin / Q000378:metabolism; D012722:Sewage; D013425:Sulfanilic Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000588:Amines; D001391:Azo Compounds; D004396:Coloring Agents; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile; D012722:Sewage; D013425:Sulfanilic Acids; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C000588740:remazol yellow gold RNL; C035187:reactive yellow 13; D002606:Charcoal; D002244:Carbon; D012256:Riboflavin
keywords: Azo dye; Powdered activated carbon (PAC); Submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAMBR); Volatile fatty acids (VFA)