title: Understanding the work done by NHS commissioning managers: an exploration of the microprocesses underlying day-to-day sensemaking in UK primary care organisations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this paper is to explore the practical daily work undertaken by middle-level managers in Primary Care Trusts (PCTs), focusing upon the micro-processes by which these managers enact sensemaking in their organisations.
  
  
  METHODS
  The research took a case study approach, undertaking detailed case studies in four PCTs in England. Data collection included shadowing managers, meeting observations and interviews.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The research elucidated two categories of enactment behaviour exhibited by PCT managers: presence/absence; and the production of artefacts. Being "present" in or "absent" from meetings enacted sensemaking over and above any concrete contribution to the meeting made by the actors involved. This paper explores the factors affecting these processes, and describes the situations in which enactment of sense is most likely to occur. Producing artefacts such as meeting minutes or PowerPoint slides also enacted sense in the study sites in addition to the content of the artefact. The factors affecting this are explored.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study has practical implications for all managers seeking to maximise their influence in their organisations. It also provides specific evidence relevant to managers working in the new Clinical Commissioning Groups currently being formed in England.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study expands the understanding of sensemaking in organisations in two important ways. Firstly, it moves beyond discourse to explore the ways in which behaviours can enact sense. Secondly, it explores the distinction between active and unconscious sensemaking.
authors.affiliation: Health Policy, Politics and Organisation Research Group (HiPPO), Centre for Primary Care, Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK. Katherine.checkland@manchester.ac.uk
authors.forename: Kath
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Checkland
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Harrison
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Snow
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Coleman
authors.forename: Imelda
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: McDermott
mesh_terms: D000288:Administrative Personnel / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000639:trends; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D004739:England; D006801:Humans; D007324:Institutional Management Teams / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000639:trends; D019370:Observation; D019982:Organizational Case Studies; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000639:trends; D013222:State Medicine / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000639:trends; D000078329:Workforce