title: Effects of self-controlled feedback on learning of a throwing task in children with spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of self-controlled feedback on learning a throwing task in children with spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy (SHCP). In order to achieve the research objectives, using a semi-experimental method, 20 children with SHCP (7-12 years old) were selected from special schools in Tehran, Iran. After showing the participants how to do the throwing task, a pre-test with 10 trials was conducted to homogenize the participants. Then, they were randomly assigned to two groups (self-control group and yoked group) to be examined in acquisition, retention, and transfer phases. Children in self-control group requested feedback when necessary during the acquisition phase. In contrast, participants in yoked-group replicated the feedback schedules of their counterparts in self-control group without any choice. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was performed to analyze the data. Based on the results, a significant difference was not found between the self-control and yoked-group in acquisition phase (F=.538, p<.473). However, there was a significant difference between the two groups in retention (F=11.72, p<.003) and transfer (F=6.74, p<.018) phases. Thus, based on the better results obtained in the self-control condition, this type of feedback can be used in physiotherapy programs related to children with CP to improve their motor skills and independence movements.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Kargar Street, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Rasool
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hemayattalab
authors.forename: Elahe
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Arabameri
authors.forename: Morteza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pourazar
authors.forename: Mojtaba Dehestani
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Ardakani
authors.forename: Mojtaba
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kashefi
mesh_terms: D001132:Arm / Q000502:physiology; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D002648:Child; D056228:Feedback, Sensory / Q000502:physiology*; D006429:Hemiplegia / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000502:physiology*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009128:Muscle Spasticity / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Self-controlled feedback; Spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy; Throwing task; Yoked-group feedback