title: [On-the-street DOTS for a homeless tuberculosis patient--case report of a patient who had difficulties with TB treatment adherence].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A homeless patient with tuberculosis (TB), who had often quit his TB treatment in mid-course and then gone homeless again, succeeded in completing his treatment for over 10 months through on-the-street DOTS ("Bluesky DOTS" is another expression). Based on the analysis of this case, we have discussed how to provide effective countermeasures to non-compliant TB patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  An episode of a successful on-the-street DOTS for a 70-year-old homeless man with sputum smear positive pulmonary TB was qualitatively analyzed, with a view toward patient's empowerment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patient had had human-relations problems in his life, and trouble with medical and welfare service staff. During his hospital admissions, he repeatedly self-discharged or was forced to discharge due to violent behavior against staff. Public health nurses at Shinjuku public health center visited the patient frequently at the hospital, and tried to build a good relationship with the patient from the beginning of the treatment. Following a two and half month interruption of the TB treatment after he disappeared from the hospital, he was discovered staying outside at a canal side in the area, and on-the-street TB treatment was carried out, with good cooperation with the hospital and social welfare office. Directly observed TB medication was given to him by a public health nurse and another health center staff member for 293 days, at the park near his living place. The patient often rejected the medication, particularly when he was hungry, but offering lunch to him was a very effective incentive. Through comprehensive supports to the patient, he gradually changed his attitude, and on his own came to consider his health and his future.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have analyzed a successfully treated case of a homeless TB patient who had difficulties in maintaining a social life and had not been cooperative in complying with the medication. The level of independence improved during the course of on-the-street DOTS with incentive and other supports. He became receptive to TB treatment and became self-supportive during the course of DOTS, with food as an incentive. This indicates that on-the-street DOTS was successful not only for the treatment completion but also contributed to empowering the TB patient. This approach of adjusting the service to the patient's needs fostered a positive relationship with all stakeholders.
authors.affiliation: Ochiai Public Health Center, Tokyo, 4-6-7, Shimo-Ochiai, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 161-0033, Japan. reiko.saito@city.shinjuku.lg.jp
authors.forename: Reiko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Yoshiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takao
authors.forename: Keiji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fukazawa
authors.forename: Masako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohmori
authors.forename: Michiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagamine
authors.forename: Fumiko
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Shima
authors.forename: Sumi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaguraoka
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fukuuchi
authors.forename: Nobukatsu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D023801:Directly Observed Therapy / Q000379:methods* / Q000523:psychology; D006703:Ill-Housed Persons / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010349:Patient Compliance; D011209:Power, Psychological; D011369:Professional-Patient Relations; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016312:Treatment Refusal; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents