title: A pilot study: the effect of healing touch on anxiety, stress, pain, pain medication usage, and physiological measures in hospitalized sickle cell disease adults experiencing a vaso-occlusive pain episode.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This pilot study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of Healing Touch on anxiety, stress, pain, pain medication usage, and selected physiological measures of hospitalized adults with sickle cell disease experiencing a vaso-occlusive pain episode.
  
  
  METHODS
  Healing Touch sessions were administered for 30 minutes on four consecutive days, and the self-reported data on anxiety, stress, pain, and the selected physiological data were collected while controlling for music and presence.
  
  
  METHODS
  A parallel-group randomized control trial comparing the effects of Healing Touch with Music (HTM) to Attention Control with Music (ACM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Due to the small sample size, there were no statistically significant changes in any between-group comparisons, except for present pain on Day 4 for the ACM group. For both groups, the within-group comparison showed a nonsignificant reduction in physiological parameters, a statistically significant reduction in anxiety and stress for the ACM group after Day 4, and a statistically significant reduction in stress in the HTM group after Days 2 and 4. The pre- to postintervention reductions in present pain were greater in the HTM group across all 4 days, but the only statistically significant within groups findings were in the HTM group (p < .01) on Day 1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Further research is needed.
authors.affiliation: Sylva, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Linda S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Stephenson
authors.forename: Mel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Swanson
authors.forename: D Elizabeth
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Jesse
authors.forename: Sylvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brown
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000009:adverse effects; D000755:Anemia, Sickle Cell / Q000150:complications / Q000451:nursing* / Q000523:psychology; D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology / Q000451:nursing*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D018939:Holistic Nursing / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009147:Music Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000209:etiology / Q000451:nursing*; D019124:Therapeutic Touch / Q000379:methods / Q000451:nursing; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid
keywords: Black/African American; Healing Touch; adults; chronic conditions; health promotion; music therapy; pain and pain management; sickle cell disease; stress and coping