title: Adipose-derived stem cells combined with inorganic bovine bone in calvarial bone healing in rats with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Clinical studies have revealed that patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) have higher implant and bone grafting failure rates than the general population, likely owing to inferior bone healing. The authors sought to investigate whether adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) combined with inorganic bovine bone improves bone repair in calvarial vertical critical-sized defects (CSDs) in rats with type 2 DM.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bovine bone alone or seeded with 3 × 10(5), 3 × 10(6), or 3 × 10(7) ASCs/graft was randomly transplanted into calvarial CSDs in rats with DM induced by a high-fat diet with low-dose streptozotocin. Specimens were assayed using microcomputed tomography and histomorphometry at 4 and 8 weeks postimplantation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The histologic results showed an increase in new bone formation in the experimental groups compared with the control group. Both bone volume/total volume and trabecular thickness of newly formed bone within CSDs were the highest, and trabecular spacing was the lowest, in the 3 × 10(6) group at 8 weeks for the most favorable outcome. The results showed that the amount of new bone was greatest in the 3 × 10(6) group by 8 weeks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ASCs enhanced vertical bone regeneration in calvarial defects in rats with type 2 DM, when used in association with bovine bone scaffolds. The findings suggest that a combination of ASCs and bovine bone scaffolds could improve bone quantity in vertical bone defects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Implant Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Lihua
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Yingliang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Long
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Dehua
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Mingqun
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Jianhui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Daocai
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Tiejun
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jiao
authors.forename: Naibin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Guike
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zou
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology*; D000818:Animals; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology; D001847:Bone Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000502:physiology; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002417:Cattle; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000150:complications*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D008297:Male; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012886:Skull / Q000601:surgery*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D013311:Streptozocin; D013997:Time Factors; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D013311:Streptozocin