title: Rapid progression and brain atrophy in anti-AMPA receptor encephalitis.
abstract: Anti-α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor encephalitis is an anti-neuronal surface antigen autoimmune encephalitis that is rarely reported. Our study evaluated the first known patient who developed anti-AMPA receptor encephalitis during pregnancy. Initial brain MRI revealed bilateral limbic encephalitis. However, rapid brain atrophy on MRI with extensive hypometabolism of cerebral cortices, caudate nuclei and brain stem hypoperfusion on (18)F-FDG PET developed when clinically progressed. IgG index of serial CSF studies reflected the clinical improvements after plasmapheresis and plasma exchange. The clinical spectrum of anti-AMPA receptor encephalitis may be expanded from limited limbic involvement to extended central nervous system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Keelung Medical Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Chia
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Chi-Hung
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jainn-Jim
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Kun-Ju
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Ko-Lun
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Tsong-Hai
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Yeu-Jhy
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Tsung-I
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Kuang-Lin
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Ting-Yu
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Chien-Hung
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Hung-Chou
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: Kuo-Hsuan
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Mei-Yun
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Chin-Chang
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001284:Atrophy / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood*; D001921:Brain / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D004660:Encephalitis; D005260:Female; D050031:Hashimoto Disease / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018091:Receptors, AMPA / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000276:immunology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D018091:Receptors, AMPA
keywords: AMPA; Anti-glutamate receptor; Brain atrophy; Encephalitis; Eosinophilic meningoencephalitis