title: Outbreak of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli O169 enteritis in schoolchildren associated with consumption of kimchi, Republic of Korea, 2012.
abstract: Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is now recognized as a common cause of foodborne outbreaks. This study aimed to describe the first ETEC O169 outbreak identified in Korea. In this outbreak, we identified 1642 cases from seven schools. Retrospective cohort studies were performed in two schools; and case-control studies were conducted in five schools. In two schools, radish kimchi was associated with illness; and in five other schools, radish or cabbage kimchi was found to have a higher risk among food items. Adjusted relative risk of kimchi was 5·87-7·21 in schools that underwent cohort studies; and adjusted odds ratio was 4·52-12·37 in schools that underwent case-control studies. ETEC O169 was isolated from 230 affected students, and was indistinguishable from the isolates detected from the kimchi product distributed by company X, a food company that produced and distributed kimchi to all seven schools. In this outbreak, we found that the risk of a kimchi-borne outbreak of ETEC O169 infection is present in Korea. We recommend continued monitoring regarding food safety in Korea, and strengthening surveillance regarding ETEC O169 infection through implementation of active laboratory surveillance to confirm its infection.
authors.affiliation: Division of Enteric Bacterial Infections, Center for Infectious Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health.
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Division of Enteric Bacterial Infections, Center for Infectious Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Division of Enteric Bacterial Infections, Center for Infectious Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health.
authors.forename: K-H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Health Social Bureau, Incheon Metropolitan City.
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Health Policy Bureau, Gwangju Metropolitan City.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Division of Microbiology, Incheon Research Institute of Public Health & Environment.
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Division of Microbiology, Incheon Research Institute of Public Health & Environment.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Hur
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemic Intelligence Service, Korea Centers for Disease and Prevention.
authors.forename: Y-H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemic Intelligence Service, Korea Centers for Disease and Prevention.
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Youn
authors.affiliation: Division of Enteric Bacterial Infections, Center for Infectious Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health.
authors.forename: G T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Division of Vaccine Preventable Disease Control and National Immunization Program, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
authors.forename: Y J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Choe
mesh_terms: D001937:Brassica / Q000382:microbiology*; D002648:Child; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D054307:Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005516:Food Microbiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012574:Schools