title: Risk factors for diabetes mellitus in women with primary ovarian insufficiency.
abstract: Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) is not only a gynecological problem but also has serious effects on women's health such as changes in hormone levels that can trigger fluctuations in blood sugar level and inflammation status. The present study was designed to determine vitamin D, copper, zinc, metabolic parameters [insulin, homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)], inflammation parameters such as procalcitonin and high sensitivity C reactive protein (hs-CRP), and lipid profile in POI patients and control subjects with normal menstrual cycles. A total of 43 patients with nondiabetic POI were studied in order to evaluate and compare the findings with those of the control group, which comprised 33 women with normal menstrual cycles. The women with POI had higher levels of serum copper, serum insulin, glucose, LDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol, HOMA-IR, hs-CRP, and procalcitonin, whereas serum vitamin D and zinc levels were lower compared with the healthy control group. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels were positively correlated with insulin, glucose, HOMA-IR, hs-CRP, procalcitonin, and copper and negatively correlated with vitamin D and zinc levels. In multivariate statistic analyses with body mass index and FSH as dependent variables, FSH was positively associated with copper and HOMA-IR negatively with vitamin D levels. The present study demonstrated that women with POI have traditional risk factors for diabetes mellitus, including lower levels of vitamin D, whereas higher levels of copper and HOMA-IR.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Meram School of Medicine, Konya University, Konya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kulaksizoglu
authors.forename: Suleyman Hilmi
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Ipekci
authors.forename: Levent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kebapcilar
authors.forename: Ayse Gul
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Kebapcilar
authors.forename: Huseyin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Korkmaz
authors.forename: Fikret
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Akyurek
authors.forename: Suleyman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baldane
authors.forename: Mustafa Sait
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Gonen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002116:Calcitonin / Q000097:blood; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003300:Copper / Q000097:blood; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016649:Primary Ovarian Insufficiency / Q000097:blood*; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000097:blood; D012307:Risk Factors; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000097:blood; D015032:Zinc / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; C000606589:CALCA protein, human; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D007328:Insulin; D011498:Protein Precursors; D014807:Vitamin D; D003300:Copper; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone; D002116:Calcitonin; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D002784:Cholesterol; D015032:Zinc; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide