title: Association between obesity and chronic periodontitis: a cross-sectional study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chronic periodontitis is multifactorial and numerous risk factors have been identified to contribute in the disease progression. Current study aimed to conduct a cross-sectional study in a population of patients with cardiovascular diseases in order to correlate the association between obesity [body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC)] and periodontal disease parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was of a cross-sectional design and a total of 201 patients were examined after obtaining their informed consent. Subjects who had a history of cardiovascular diseases and under treatment were included in the study. Two indicators of obesity were used: BMI and WC. The following periodontal parameters were assessed: Probing depth, clinical attachment level. The oral hygiene status of the subjects was assessed by the oral hygiene index (OHI, simplified) given by John C Greene and Jack R Vermillion. The influence of the BMI and other confounding variables on periodontitis severity was assessed by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Data were analyzed using SPSS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant association was seen with low density lipoproteins (LDL) and severity of periodontitis (p < 0.005), triglyceride levels (TGL) and severity of periodontitis (p < 0.005), cholesterol and severity of periodontitis (p < 0.005), BMI and severity of periodontitis (p < 0.001), OHI and severity of periodontitis (p < 0.001). Significant association was seen with smoking and severity of periodontitis (p < 0.005), BMI and severity of periodontitis (p < 0.001), WC and severity of periodontitis (p < 0.001), cholesterol and severity of periodontitis (p < 0.001), OHI and severity of periodontitis (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Obesity has been implicated as a risk factor for several conditions including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, etc. In our study the relation between measures of overall and abdominal obesity (BMI and WC) and periodontal disease showed significant association in the multivariate logistic regression analysis independent of other confounding factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Obesity can act as a significant risk factor in progression of periodontitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Army College of Dental Sciences, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Ajay Reddy
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Palle
authors.forename: C M Sanjeeva Kumar
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: B Shiva
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Shankar
authors.forename: Vemsi
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gelli
authors.forename: Jaradoddi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sudhakar
authors.forename: K Krishna Mohana
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Reddy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000145:classification / Q000150:complications*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000032:analysis; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications*; D009911:Oral Hygiene Index; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000145:classification; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000145:classification; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000032:analysis; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol