title: RNA splicing regulates the temporal order of TNF-induced gene expression.
abstract: When cells are induced to express inflammatory genes by treatment with TNF, the mRNAs for the induced genes appear in three distinct waves, defining gene groups I, II, and III, or early, intermediate, and late genes. To examine the basis for these different kinetic classes, we have developed a PCR-based procedure to distinguish pre-mRNAs from mRNAs. It shows that the three groups initiate transcription virtually simultaneously but that delays in splicing characterize groups II and III. We also examined the elongation times, concluding that pre-mRNA synthesis is coordinate but splicing differences directly regulate the timing of mRNA production.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
authors.forename: Shengli
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Baltimore
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000818:Animals; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D051379:Mice; D012322:RNA Precursors / Q000235:genetics*; D012326:RNA Splicing / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D012322:RNA Precursors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
keywords: NF-κB; gene regulation; gene transcription; inflammation