title: Effects of a 6-Month Walking Study on Blood Pressure and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in U.S. and Swedish Adults: ASUKI Step Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a six-month pedometer-based workplace intervention on changes in resting blood pressure (BP) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF).
  
  
  METHODS
  A subsample of ASUKI Step participants (n= 355) were randomly selected to have changes in their BP and CRF monitored during the intervention. Pedometers were used to monitor steps taken with a goal of walking more than 10,000 steps/day. Systolic and diastolic BP were taken using an Omron automated BP cuff. Estimated VO2 max was obtained using the Åstrand-Rhyming cycle ergometer test. A multi-level growth modeling approach, and a mixed model ANOVA were used to predict changes in systolic and diastolic BP, and estimated VO2 max over time by steps, age, gender, and university site.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Steps/day averaged 12,256 (SD = 3,180) during month 1 and steadily decreased to month 6. There were significant linear and quadratic trends in systolic and diastolic BP over time. Age was positively related to initial starting values for systolic and diastolic BP, and approached significance for systolic BP changes over time. Steps/day approached significance for linear changes in systolic BP. There was a significant difference between ASU and KI participants' estimated VO2 max. There was a significant change over time in the estimated VO2 max. The number of steps taken was significantly related to changes in estimated VO2 max over time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the present study indicate that healthy individuals who took part in a pedometer intervention improved several cardiovascular disease risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden ; Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Soroush
authors.forename: Cheryl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Der Ananian
authors.forename: Barbara E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Ainsworth
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Belyea
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Poortvliet
authors.forename: Pamela D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Swan
authors.forename: Jenelle
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: Agneta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yngve
keywords: Blood Pressure; Cardiorespiratory Fitness; Pedometer Intervention; Physical Activity; VO2 Max; Workplace