title: Galactofuranose-rich polysaccharides from Trebouxia sp. induce inflammation and exacerbate lethality by sepsis in mice.
abstract: Trebouxia sp. is a genus of green algae that is a symbiotic partner of lichenized fungi. Previous studies conduced demonstrated that Trebouxia sp. is able to produce galactofuranose-rich polysaccharides (β-d-galactofuranan, mannogalactofuranan), which were able to activate macrophages in vitro. The present study was proposed to investigate the effects of SK10 polysaccharides fraction from Trebouxia sp. on the model of polymicrobial sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture in mice in vivo. The subcutaneous administration of SK10 increased the late mortality rate by 20%, stimulated neutrophil accumulation in lungs (indirectly measured through myeloperoxidase activity) and also Interleukin-1β, creatinine and glucose serum levels. Moreover this study demonstrates the in vivo proinflammatory effects of polymers of galactofuranose and that they can act as pathogen-associated molecular patterns being highly recognized by the immune system of mammals, even if they come from a non-pathogenic microorganism.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CP 19046, CEP 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Yanna D
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Rattmann
authors.forename: Simone M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Malquevicz-Paiva
authors.forename: Marcello
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iacomini
authors.forename: Lucimara M C
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Cordeiro
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D000460:Chlorophyta / Q000737:chemistry*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D005690:Galactose / Q000737:chemistry; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000097:blood; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D018805:Sepsis / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000401:mortality; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D011134:Polysaccharides; C587567:SK10 galactofuranose; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; D003404:Creatinine; D005690:Galactose
keywords: Galactofuranose-rich polysaccharides; Pro-inflammatory activity; Sepsis; Trebouxia sp.; Trebouxiophyceae