title: NRPSs and amide ligases producing homopoly(amino acid)s and homooligo(amino acid)s.
abstract: Microorganisms are capable of producing a wide variety of biopolymers. Homopoly(amino acid)s and homooligo(amino acid)s, which are made up of only a single type of amino acid, are relatively rare; in fact, only two homopoly(amino acid)s have been known to occur in nature: poly(ε-L-lysine) (ε-PL) and poly(γ-glutamic acid) (γ-PGA). Bacterial enzymes that produce homooligo(amino acid)s, such as L-β-lysine-, L-valine-, L-leucine-, L-isoleucine-, L-methionine-, and L-glutamic acid-oligopeptides and poly(α-l-glutamic acid) (α-PGA) have recently been identified, as well as ε-PL synthetase and γ-PGA synthetase. This article reviews the current knowledge about these unique enzymes producing homopoly(amino acid)s and homooligo(amino acid)s.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioscience, Fukui Prefectural University, 4-1-1 Matsuoka-Kenjojima, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui 910-1195, Japan. hamano@fpu.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yoshimitsu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hamano
authors.forename: Toshinobu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Arai
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ashiuchi
authors.forename: Kuniki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kino
mesh_terms: D000123:Acetyltransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008025:Ligases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008239:Lysine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D010453:Peptide Synthases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011099:Polyglutamic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D011107:Polylysine / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; C511775:poly(gamma-glutamic acid); D011107:Polylysine; D011099:Polyglutamic Acid; C065591:beta-lysine; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D000123:Acetyltransferases; C521051:RimL protein, E coli; D008025:Ligases; D010453:Peptide Synthases; C104385:non-ribosomal peptide synthase; D008239:Lysine