title: Non-convulsive status epilepticus associated with glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody.
abstract: Autoimmune encephalitis associated with glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (GAD-Ab) often presents with treatment-resistant partial seizures, as well as other central nervous system symptoms. In contrast to several other well-characterized autoantibodies, GAD-Ab has very rarely been associated with status epilepticus. We report a 63-year-old woman initially admitted with somnolence and psychiatric findings. The EEG findings, of generalized and rhythmical slow spike-wave activity over the posterior regions of both hemispheres, together with the clinical deterioration in responsiveness, led to the diagnosis of non-convulsive status epilepticus. Investigation of a broad panel of autoantibodies, revealed only increased serum GAD-Ab levels. Following methylprednisolone and intravenous immunoglobulin treatments, the patient's neurological symptoms improved, EEG findings disappeared and GAD-Ab levels significantly decreased. GAD-Ab should be added to the list of anti-neuronal antibodies associated with non-convulsive status epilepticus. Disappearance of clinical findings and seroreversion after immunotherapy suggest that GAD-Ab might be involved in seizure pathogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ugur
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Cikrikçili
authors.forename: Canan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ulusoy
authors.forename: Selin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Turan
authors.forename: Senay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yildiz
authors.forename: Basar
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bilgiç
authors.forename: Hasmet
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hanagasi
authors.forename: Betül
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Baykan
authors.forename: Erdem
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tüzün
authors.forename: Hakan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gürvit
mesh_terms: D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood*; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000276:immunology*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D013226:Status Epilepticus / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase
keywords: antibody; autoimmunity.; epilepsy; glutamic acid decarboxylase; non-convulsive status