title: Glycemic control among patients in China with type 2 diabetes mellitus receiving oral drugs or injectables.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing rapidly among Chinese adults, and limited data are available on T2DM management and the status of glycemic control in China. We assessed the efficacy of oral antidiabetes drugs (OADs), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, and insulin for treatment of T2DM across multiple regions in China.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a multicenter, cross-sectional survey of outpatients conducted in 606 hospitals across China. Data from all the patients were collected between April and June, 2011.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 238,639 patients were included in the survey. Eligible patients were treated with either OADs alone (n=157,212 [65.88%]), OADs plus insulin (n=80,973 [33.93%]), or OADs plus GLP-1 receptor agonists (n=454 [0.19%]). The OAD monotherapy, OAD + insulin, and OAD + GLP-1 receptor agonist groups had mean glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels (±SD) of 7.67% (±1.58%), 8.21% (±1.91%), and 7.80% (±1.76%), respectively. Among those three groups, 34.63%, 26.21%, and 36.12% met the goal of HbA1c <7.0%, respectively. Mean HbA1c and achievement of A1c <7.0% was related to the duration of T2DM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Less than one third of the patients had achieved the goal of HbA1c <7.0%. Glycemic control decreased and insulin use increased with the duration of diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen Nandajie, Beijing 100044, China. Jiln@bjmu.edu.cn
authors.forename: Li-Nong
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Ju-Ming
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Xiao-Hui
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Wen-Ying
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Jian-Ping
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Weng
authors.forename: Wei-Ping
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.forename: Da-Jin
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.forename: Zhi-Guang
authors.initials: ZG
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: De-Min
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Zhong-Yan
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Shan
authors.forename: Yu-Zhi
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Ren-Ming
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Da-Long
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Li-Yong
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Zhi-Gang
authors.initials: ZG
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Qi-Fu
authors.initials: QF
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Hao-Ming
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Qiu-He
authors.initials: QH
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jia-Pu
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.forename: Li-Xin
authors.initials: LX
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Yan-Cheng
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D002681:China; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D000067757:Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007267:Injections; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018027:Receptors, Glucagon / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D000067757:Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D018027:Receptors, Glucagon; C000593833:GLP1R protein, human; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human