title: Effect of venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation on the heart in a healthy piglet model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cardiac function is important for patients treated by venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO), but data about the effect of VV ECMO on the heart in nonneonates is absent. We studied the effect of VV ECMO on cardiac performance, cardiomyocyte and mitochondria in an animal model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve farm piglets were randomly assigned into two groups: control group and ECMO group. In the ECMO group, ECMO cannulaes were placed and ECMO was instituted. Hemodynamics was recorded at baseline, 1 hour after induction, and every 4 hours thereafter, to assess the cardiac performance. All animals were monitored for 24 hours and were euthanized and myocardium was harvested. Myocardial histology, ultrastructure of cardiomyocyte and mitochondria were observed, and activities of mitochondrial complexes I-V were measured, to assess the effect to cardiomyocyte and mitochondria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hemodynamics were stable in each group of animals throughout the experiment. Interstitial edema, disorderd and dissolved of focal myofilament, morphological deformations of mitochondria were observed in the ECMO group. The activities of mitochondrial complexes were decreased in the ECMO group, and complex I and IV reached significance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  VV ECMO therapy is associated with changes of ultrastructure and function of cardiomyocyte and mitochondria, inducing myocardium injury. However, the injury was mild and had no effect on the cardiac performance for healthy piglets.
authors.forename: Juanhong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Wenkui
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Jialiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Qiyi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yimin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Juanjuan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Fengchan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xi
authors.forename: Jianfeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: Changsheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jieshou
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015199:Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000502:physiology*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013552:Swine