title: Evaluation of cytotoxic, oxidative stress, proinflammatory and genotoxic effect of silver nanoparticles in human lung epithelial cells.
abstract: Silver nanoparticles are increasingly used in various products, due to their antibacterial properties. Despite its wide spread use, only little information on possible adverse health effects exists. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the toxic potential of silver nanoparticles (<100 nm) in human lung epithelial (A549) cells and the underlying mechanism of its cellular toxicity. Silver nanoparticles induced dose and time-dependent cytotoxicity in A549 cells demonstrated by MTT and LDH assays. Silver nanoparticles were also found to induce oxidative stress in dose and time-dependent manner indicated by depletion of GSH and induction of ROS, LPO, SOD, and catalase. Further, the activities of caspases and the level of proinflammatory cytokines, namely interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were significantly higher in treated cells. DNA damage, as measured by single cell gel electrophoresis, was also dose and time-dependent signicants in A549 cells. This study investigating the effects of silver nanoparticles in human lung epithelial cells has provided valuable insights into the mechanism of potential toxicity induced by silver nanoparticles and warrants more careful assessment of silver nanoparticles before their industrial applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Al Omar
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Suliman Y
authors.forename: Daoud
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: Saud
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Alarifi
authors.forename: Abdul Halim
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Harrath
authors.forename: Lamjed
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mansour
authors.forename: Saleh Hamad
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Alwasel
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity*; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D020545:Respiratory Mucosa / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D012834:Silver / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D009153:Mutagens; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D012834:Silver; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase
keywords: cyto-genotoxicity; human lung epithelial cells; oxidative stress; proinflammatory cytokines; silver nanoparticles