title: Intersection between genetic polymorphisms and immune deviation in type 1 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Above 60 non-HLA genes have been associated with T1D, many of which are immune-related genes. One challenge following identification of these genes is finding causative connections between risk alleles and disease. Phenotypes linked to T1D-associated genetic variants are beginning to help us better understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying T1D.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The list of immune-related genes with T1D-associated polymorphisms will be reviewed and cellular phenotypes correlating with these variants will be described highlighting recent finding from variants in the PTPN22 gene and genes encoding proteins in theIL-2/IL2R signaling pathway.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Building from extensive genome-wide association studies, we are discovering cellular and molecular phenotypes that may help unravel the underlying causes of T1D.
authors.affiliation: Translational Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Washington 98101, USA. along@benaroyaresearch.org
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Long
authors.forename: Jane H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Buckner
mesh_terms: D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D014644:Genetic Variation; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D006801:Humans; D010641:Phenotype; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000276:immunology*