title: The lateral view head-neck index (LVHNI): a diagnostic tool for the sequelae of slipped capital femoral epiphysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is a well-known fact that slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is one of the causes of premature hip osteoarthritis and anterior femoroacetabular impingement. But there are no reliable, published diagnostic methods to measure the residual deformity of slipped capital femoral epiphysis. We propose using the lateral view head-neck index (LVHNI) measurement on a specific lateral X-ray view of the hip for this purpose.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The LVHNI can detect and quantify the posterior translation of the femoral head and this index can be measured reliably.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective radiography study was performed by three observers. The hip X-rays of patients who were being treated by arthroplasty for hip osteoarthritis (total hip replacement or hip resurfacing) between January 2010 and December 2011 were analyzed. The LVHNI, which quantifies the posterior translation of the femoral head, was measured on a lateral view of the hip in 45° flexion/45° abduction/30° external rotation. The presence of a pistol grip deformity on A/P X-rays was also assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The analysis was performed on 131 hips in 120 patients having an average age of 61 years (range 37-91). The chosen LVHNI threshold of 9% resulted in a sensitivity of 89.1% (95% CI: 78.8%-95.5%) and a specificity of 82.4% (95% CI: 71.2%-89.7%) for detecting the presence of a pistol grip deformity. Twenty percent of the hips with no visible deformity on A/P X-rays had a pathological index value. The inter-observer reproducibility was good for the LHNI [intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC): 0.61; 95% CI: 0.51-0.71] and for detecting a pistol grip deformity (ICC: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.62-0.85). The intra-observer reproducibility was excellent for the LHNI (ICC: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.57-0.88) and the pistol grip deformity (ICC: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.74-0.92).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The LVHNI is a reliable and reproducible tool to identify deformities secondary to SCFE on specific lateral femoral neck X-rays. If the index value is greater than 9%, SCFE sequelae may be present. In addition, this study showed that 20% of hips with normal A/P X-rays had a pathological index.
  
  
  METHODS
  Level IV, prospective diagnostic study without control group.
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal Institute, 5th floor, Pierre-Paul-Riquet Hospital, 308, avenue de Grande-Bretagne, 31059 Toulouse, France. murgier.jerome@hotmail.fr
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Murgier
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chiron
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cavaignac
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Espié
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Bayle-Iniguez
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lepage
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019644:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip / Q000379:methods; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D057925:Femoracetabular Impingement / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D005270:Femur Head / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D015207:Osteoarthritis, Hip / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011859:Radiography; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D060048:Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphyses / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: Hip X-ray; Hip deformity; Hip osteoarthritis; Lateral view head-neck index; Slipped capital femoral epiphysis