title: Prevalence and etiology of onychomycosis in the HIV-infected Mexican population.
abstract: Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the nail caused by dermatophytes, yeasts, and non-dermatophyte molds. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients are predisposed to this infection. In a cross-sectional study, we estimated the prevalence of onychomycosis and the frequency of fungal agents among HIV-infected patients in Mexico. We enrolled HIV-infected patients diagnosed clinically with onychomycosis from 2008 to 2010. Samples were collected from 300 (84% men) HIV-positive patients by scraping of subungual hyperkeratotic debris and nail plate clipping. All specimens were subjected to culture on Sabouraud agar, Mycosel™ agar, direct microscopy with potassium hydroxide (KOH) and the cultures were incubated at 35 °C for 4 weeks. The prevalence and the 95% binomial confidence intervals were calculated. The mean age (± SD) was 37 ± 9 years. One hundred and twenty-four patients (41%) had clinical signs of onychomycosis and 51 (17%) produced a positive culture. Candida parapsilosis was the most frequently isolated microorganism (13 patients, 20%), followed by Trichophyton rubrum (11 patients, 17%).
authors.affiliation: "La Raza" National, Medical Cente Del Azcapotzalco, 02990, México, DF.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jimenez-Gonzalez
authors.affiliation: "La Raza" National, Medical Cente Del Azcapotzalco, 02990, México, DF.
authors.forename: José Antonio
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Mata-Marin
authors.affiliation: "La Raza" National, Medical Cente Del Azcapotzalco, 02990, México, DF.
authors.forename: Carla Ileana
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Arroyo-Anduiza
authors.affiliation: Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social Clinical Epidemiology Distrito Federal Mexico.
authors.forename: Iván de Jesús
authors.initials: Ide J
authors.lastname: Ascencio-Montiel
authors.affiliation: "La Raza" National, Medical Cente Del Azcapotzalco, 02990, México, DF.
authors.forename: José Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Fuentes-Allen
authors.affiliation: "La Raza" National, Medical Cente Del Azcapotzalco, 02990, México, DF.
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gaytan-Martinez
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D014009:Onychomycosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D015995:Prevalence
keywords: HIV; dermatophytes; molds; non-dermatophyte; onychomycosis; yeast