title: Anti-neuroinflammatory effect of a novel caffeamide derivative, KS370G, in microglial cells.
abstract: Accumulating evidence suggests that inflammatory processes in the central nervous system that are mediated by microglial activation play important roles in several neurodegenerative disorders. Therefore, development of methods for microglial inhibition is considered an important strategy in the search for neuroprotective agents. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is distributed wildly in nature, but rapid decomposition by esterase leads to its low bioavailability. In this study, we investigated the effects of KS370G, a novel caffeic acid phenylethyl amide, on microglial activation. KS370G significantly inhibited the release of nitric oxide (NO) and the expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Treatment with KS370G also induced heme oxygenase (HO)-1 and suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS)-3 expression in the microglia. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory effects of KS370G were found to be regulated by phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase-α (AMPK-α) translocated to the nucleus. Moreover, KS370G showed significant anti-neuroinflammatory effects on microglial activation in vivo and on motor behavior as well. The protective effect of KS370G was weakened by an AMPK inhibitor Compound C. This study focuses on the importance of key molecular determinants of inflammatory homeostasis, AMPK, HO-1, and SOCS-3, and their possible involvement in anti-neuroinflammatory responses.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, dahyuu@mail.cmu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Dah-Yuu
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Bor-Ren
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Wei-Lan
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.forename: Hsiao-Yun
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Shiang-Suo
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Yu-Shu
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yueh-Hsiung
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kuo
mesh_terms: D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002109:Caffeic Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D017628:Microglia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology*; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D009420:Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D000071223:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Protein; D050826:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D002109:Caffeic Acids; C554967:KS370G; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; C491410:Socs3 protein, rat; D000071223:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Protein; D050826:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases