title: Differential sensitivity to detergents of actin cytoskeleton from nerve endings.
abstract: Detergent-resistant membranes (DRM), an experimental model used to study lipid rafts, are typically extracted from cells by means of detergent treatment and subsequent ultracentrifugation in density gradients, Triton X-100 being the detergent of choice in most of the works. Since lipid rafts are membrane microdomains rich in cholesterol, depletion of this component causes solubilization of DRM with detergent. In previous works from our group, the lack of effect of cholesterol depletion on DRM solubilization with Triton X-100 was detected in isolated rat brain synaptosomes. In consequence, the aim of the present work is to explore reasons for this observation, analyzing the possible role of the actin cytoskeleton, as well as the use of an alternative detergent, Brij 98, to overcome the insensitivity to Triton X-100 of cholesterol-depleted DRM. Brij 98 yields Brij-DRM that are highly dependent on cholesterol, since marker proteins (Flotillin-1 and Thy-1), as well as actin, appear solubilized after MCD treatment. Pretreatment with Latrunculin A results in a significant increase in Flotillin-1, Thy-1 and actin solubilization by Triton X-100 after cholesterol depletion. Studies with transmission electron microscopy show that combined treatment with MCD and Latrunculin A leads to a significant increase in solubilization of DRM with Triton X-100. Thus, Triton-DRM resistance to cholesterol depletion can be explained, at least partially, thanks to the scaffolding action of the actin cytoskeleton, without discarding differential effects of Brij 98 and Triton X-100 on specific membrane components. In conclusion, the detergent of choice is important when events that depend on the actin cytoskeleton are going to be studied.
authors.affiliation: Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Catalunya, Spain; Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cubí
authors.forename: Lluís A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Matas
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pou
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aguilera
authors.forename: Carles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gil
mesh_terms: D008841:Actin Cytoskeleton / Q000187:drug effects*; D000818:Animals; D003902:Detergents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012995:Solubility; D013574:Synaptosomes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D003902:Detergents
keywords: Actin cytoskeleton; Cholesterol; DRM; Detergent; LatA; Latrunculin A; Lipid raft; MCD; Membrane microdomain; PIP2; SM; Synaptic terminal; detergent-resistant membranes; methyl-β-cyclodextrin; nSM2; neutral sphingomyelinase-2; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate; soluble membranes