title: Soft tissue adhesion of polished versus glazed lithium disilicate ceramic for dental applications.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ceramics are widely used materials for prosthesis, especially in dental fields. Despite multiple biomedical applications, little is known about ceramic surface modifications and the resulting cell behavior at its contact. The aim of this study is to evaluate the biological response of polished versus glazed surface treatments on lithium disilicate dental ceramic.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied a lithium disilicate ceramic (IPS e.max(®) Press, Ivoclar Vivadent) with 3 different surface treatments: raw surface treatment, hand polished surface treatment, and glazed surface treatment (control samples are Thermanox(®), Nunc). In order to evaluate the possible modulation of cell response at the surface of ceramic, we compared polished versus glazed ceramics using an organotypic culture model of chicken epithelium.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results show that the surface roughness is not modified as demonstrated by equivalent Ra measurements. On the contrary, the contact angle θ in water is very different between polished (84°) and glazed (33°) samples. The culture of epithelial tissues allowed a very precise assessment of histocompatibility of these interfaces and showed that polished samples increased cell adhesion and proliferation as compared to glazed samples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lithium disilicate polished ceramic provided better adhesion and proliferation than lithium disilicate glazed ceramic. Taken together, our results demonstrate for the first time, how it is possible to use simple surface modifications to finely modulate the adhesion of tissues. Our results will help dental surgeons to choose the most appropriate surface treatment for a specific clinical application, in particular for the ceramic implant collar.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire BioMécanique et BioIngénierie (BMBI), UMR CNRS 7338, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Centre de Recherches de Royallieu, BP 20529, Rue Personne de Roberval, 60205 Compiègne Cedex, France. celine.brunot-gohin@univ-reims.fr
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brunot-Gohin
authors.forename: J-L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Duval
authors.forename: E-E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Azogui
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jannetta
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pezron
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Laurent-Maquin
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Gangloff
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Egles
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000502:physiology; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002516:Ceramics / Q000737:chemistry*; D002645:Chickens; D003775:Dental Polishing / Q000379:methods*; D003776:Dental Porcelain / Q000737:chemistry*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology; D006358:Hot Temperature; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D007368:Interferometry / Q000295:instrumentation; D008027:Light; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D013499:Surface Properties; D046509:Tissue Culture Techniques; D017155:Wettability
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; C508050:IPS e.max Press; C493120:lithia disilicate; D003776:Dental Porcelain
keywords: Glazed surface treatment; Lithium disilicate ceramic; Organotypic culture; Physico-chemical properties; Polished surface treatment