title: Relapse of hepatitis C virus after 14 months of sustained virological response following pegylated-interferon alpha plus ribavirin therapy in a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infected patient.
abstract: It has been demonstrated that sustained virological response (SVR) in patients with chronic hepatitis C indicates resolution of infection. We describe a late hepatitis C virus (HCV) relapse with nearly identical HCV genotype 1a RNA, 14 months after a SVR achievement following a 12-month pegylated-interferon plus ribavirin treatment in a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patient. This virological relapse occurred concomitantly with interruption of highly active antiretroviral therapy and subsequent increased immunosuppression. HCV retreatment was successful and HCV RNA was undetectable at 50 months of follow-up. This case suggests that late relapse of HCV infection in HIV-positive patients with SVR is possible in case of increased immunodeficiency related to highly active antiretroviral therapy interruption. In such circumstances, a close monitoring of HCV viremia and aminotransferases should be performed.
authors.affiliation: URMITE UM 63 CNRS 7278 IRD 198 INSERM 1095, Facultés de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille Univ., Marseille Cedex 05, France.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Colson
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bregigeon
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tourres
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Solas
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Poizot-Martin
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tamalet
mesh_terms: D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D005838:Genotype; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010802:Phylogeny; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D012008:Recurrence; D012254:Ribavirin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D012367:RNA, Viral; D012254:Ribavirin
keywords: HCV recurrence; HIV–HCV coinfection; Hepatitis C virus; Pegylated-interferon alpha plus ribavirin therapy