title: Changes in cognitive function associated with syndrome changes on two five-factor models of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aims to examine the association between neuropsychological function and symptom changes over time on two five-factor models, pentagonal (PM) and Van der Gaag (VDG), of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and to determine the added value of these syndrome models for interpreting neuropsychological changes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected in a randomized controlled trial comparing second-generation and conventional antipsychotic medications for 108 adult patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and monitored prospectively for 12 months using standard neuropsychological instruments and the PANSS. Random-effects regression was used to estimate the change over time in neuropsychological function and the association of PANSS covariates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Improvements in positive, negative, and cognitive syndromes were significant predictors of change on nine neuropsychological measures. The neuropsychological function was worsening on five of these measures. The PM model represented the best set of predictors examining positive and negative syndrome covariates, whereas the VDG model consistently represented the best predictors examining cognitive syndrome covariates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The PM positive and negative syndrome factors and the VDG disorganized thoughts syndrome factor are differentially associated with changes in neuropsychological function over time. Clinical investigators may want to target their use of these factors from the PANSS according to the outcome variables being measured.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA. Jeanette.Jerrell@uscmed.sc.edu
authors.forename: Jeanette M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Jerrell
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hrisko
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012562:Schizophrenia, Disorganized / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013022:South Carolina / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists