title: Community treatment orders: the experiences of Non-Maori and Maori within mainstream and Maori mental health services.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Community treatment orders (CTOs) are sometimes used to coerce patients into treatment on the basis that such treatment is in their best interest. The experiences of Maori, New Zealand's indigenous ethnic minority are less well known and this paper compares the views of Maori and non-Maori about CTOs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with experience of CTOs for greater than 6 months participated. Self-report measures were used to identify patients' views of compulsory treatment. Demographic data, heath service characteristics, the experience of coercion, views of compulsory community treatment, satisfaction with care, social functioning, and psychopathology were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were few differences in demographic or clinical characteristics between Maori and non-Maori. There were no differences in the views of Maori compared to non-Maori patients with respect to compulsory community treatment. There were no differences in the views of Maori cared for by mainstream compared to culturally specialist Maori mental health service.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In a well-established system of compulsory treatment, there is no evidence of greater negative impact of CTOs in an indigenous minority population. The opportunity for Maori to self-select between mainstream and specialist Maori mental health services may minimize the negative aspects of compulsory community treatment for Maori.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, PO Box 7343, Wellington South, New Zealand, giles.newton-howes@otago.ac.nz.
authors.forename: Giles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Newton-Howes
authors.forename: Cameron J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Lacey
authors.forename: Doug
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Banks
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003068:Coercion; D003134:Commitment of Persons with Psychiatric Disorders / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D003156:Community Mental Health Services / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003469:Culture; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000628:therapy*; D008605:Mental Health Services; D008875:Middle Aged; D009520:New Zealand; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires