title: Periodontal status affects C-reactive protein and lipids in patients with stable heart disease from a tertiary care cardiovascular clinic.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There are scarce data on the impact of the periodontal condition in the control of biomarkers in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of this study is to assess whether periodontal inflammation and tissue breakdown are associated with C-reactive protein (CRP) and lipids in patients with stable heart disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional study included 93 patients with stable coronary artery disease (57 males; mean age: 63.5 ± 9.8 years) who were in outpatient care for at least 6 months. After applying a structured questionnaire, periodontal examinations were performed by two calibrated periodontists in six sites per tooth at all teeth. Blood samples were collected from patients on the day of periodontal examination to determine levels of CRP, lipids, and glycated hemoglobin. Multiple linear regression models were fitted to evaluate the association among different periodontal and blood parameters controlling for sex, body mass index, glycated hemoglobin, use of oral hypoglycemic drugs, and smoking.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, the sample presented high levels of periodontal inflammation and tissue breakdown. Unadjusted mean concentrations of triglycerides (TGs), very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and glucose were significantly higher in individuals with severe periodontitis. When multiple linear regression models were applied, number of teeth with clinical attachment loss ≥6 mm and presence of severe periodontitis were significantly associated with higher CRP concentrations. Bleeding on probing was significantly associated with TGs, total cholesterol, and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this sample of patients with stable CVD, current periodontal inflammation and tissue breakdown are associated with cardiovascular inflammatory markers, such as CRP and lipid profile.
authors.affiliation: Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Manuela F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Flores
authors.forename: Marlon M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Montenegro
authors.forename: Mariana V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Furtado
authors.forename: Carisi A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Polanczyk
authors.forename: Cassiano K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Rösing
authors.forename: Alex N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Haas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D015243:Cholesterol, VLDL / Q000097:blood; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005884:Gingival Hemorrhage / Q000097:blood; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000097:blood; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000097:blood*; D012907:Smoking; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D002784:Cholesterol; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D015243:Cholesterol, VLDL; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D008055:Lipids; D014280:Triglycerides