title: Inadvertent left ventricular pacing through a patent foramen ovale: identification, management and implications for postpacemaker implantation checks.
abstract: A dual chamber permanent pacemaker was implanted into an asymptomatic man with complete (third degree) heart block because of the risk of asystole. The ventricular lead was thought to have been attached to the right ventricular septum; however, it inadvertently passed through a patent foramen ovale into the left ventricle. Although the postprocedure ECG showed right bundle branch block this was thought to be due to the presumed septal positioning of the pacing lead. Lead misplacement was not detected on posterioanterior chest X-ray but was clearly demonstrated by transthoracic echocardiography, and subsequently on lateral chest X-ray. The lead was successfully removed and repositioned correctly at the next available opportunity without complication or sequelae.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, Liverpool, UK.
authors.forename: Gareth J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Wynn
authors.forename: Cathy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Weston
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Somauroo
mesh_terms: D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D058070:Asymptomatic Diseases; D058406:Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D054092:Foramen Ovale, Patent / Q000150:complications*; D006327:Heart Block / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019300:Medical Errors; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial