title: Fatty acid esters of fumonisins: first evidence of their presence in maize.
abstract: Fumonisin derivatives obtained by esterification of fumonisin B₁ (FB₁) with palmitic, oleic and linoleic fatty acids have been recently described, but never reported in raw maize so far. In this study, the presence of oleoyl-EFB₁ (EFB₁OA) and linoleoyl-EFB₁ (EFB₁LA) in raw maize is reported by means of a suitable LC-ESI-MS/MS method. In addition, the production of EFB₁ derivatives by three Fusarium verticillioides strains is described on malt extract-based media and on corn meal-based growth media. EFB₁OA and EFB₁LA were produced by all considered strains in corn meal medium, with EFB₁LA > EFB₁OA. On the contrary, EFB₁OA and EFB₁LA were never observed in Fusarium cultures grown on a malt extract medium, suggesting that the esterification of FB₁ can occur only in a complex matrix such as maize.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Food Science , University of Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A , 43124 Parma , Italy.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Falavigna
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lazzaro
authors.forename: Gianni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Galaverna
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Battilani
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dall'Asta
mesh_terms: D002274:Carcinogens, Environmental / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned / Q000737:chemistry; D004951:Esterification; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D005506:Food Contamination; D005511:Food Handling; D037341:Fumonisins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D005670:Fusarium / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D007558:Italy; D019787:Linoleic Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D015394:Molecular Structure; D019301:Oleic Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D003313:Zea mays / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D002274:Carcinogens, Environmental; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D005227:Fatty Acids; D037341:Fumonisins; D019301:Oleic Acid; C056933:fumonisin B1; D019787:Linoleic Acid