title: Maternal lipids and small for gestational age birth at term.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare maternal lipid and lipoprotein concentrations between small for gestational age (SGA) infants and infants with normal growth born at term.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a case-control study nested within a large (n = 5337) prospective multicenter cohort of pregnant women followed to delivery. SGA cases (n = 323) were all term infants with birth weight below the 10th percentile for their gestational age and sex. Controls (n = 671) were selected at random from term infants with birth weight between the 25th and 75th percentiles. Plasma samples obtained at 24-26 weeks were analyzed for lipoproteins using a recently developed nuclear magnetic resonance-based procedure that distinguishes high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein particles of different sizes. Apolipoprotein A-1 and C-II levels were analyzed using turbidimetric methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with controls, mothers of SGA cases had significantly higher mean concentrations of total HDL particles, medium and small HDL particles, and apolipoprotein A-1, with evidence of a dose-response relationship across quartiles of the control distribution. aORs for the highest quartiles were 2.8 (95% CI, 1.7-4.5) for total HDL particles and 3.1 (95% CI, 1.9-5.0) for apolipoprotein A-1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that the higher HDL particle and apolipoprotein A-1 concentrations in mothers of SGA cases may reflect defective placental transport of HDL, which could compromise cholesterol uptake by the developing fetus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: Susan R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Kahn
authors.forename: Mourad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dahhou
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Otvos
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Genest
authors.forename: Robert W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Platt
authors.forename: Rhobert W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Evans
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I / Q000378:metabolism; D053304:Apolipoprotein C-II / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age / Q000097:blood*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000378:metabolism; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers; D009391:Nephelometry and Turbidimetry; D010920:Placenta / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; D053304:Apolipoprotein C-II; D008055:Lipids; D008074:Lipoproteins; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL
keywords: BMI; Body mass index; FGR; Fetal growth restriction; HDL; High-density lipoprotein; IDL; Intermediate-density lipoprotein; LDL; Low-density lipoprotein; NMR; Nuclear magnetic resonance; SGA; Small for gestational age; VLDL; Very low-density lipoprotein