title: Regulation of URG4/URGCP and PPARα gene expressions after retinoic acid treatment in neuroblastoma cells.
abstract: Neuroblastoma (NB), originating from neural crest cells, is the most common extracranial tumor of childhood. Retinoic acid (RA) which is the biological active form of vitamin A regulates differentiation of NB cells, and RA derivatives have been used for NB treatment. PPARα (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor) plays an important role in the oxidation of fatty acids, carcinogenesis, and differentiation. URG4/URGCP gene is a proto-oncogene and that overexpression of URG4/URGCP is associated with metastasis and tumor recurrence in osteosarcoma. It has been known that URG4/URGCP gene is an overexpressed gene in hepatocellular carcinoma and gastric cancers. This study aims to detect gene expression patterns of PPARα and URG4/URGCP genes in SH-SY5Y NB cell line after RA treatment. Expressions levels of PPARα and URG4/URGCP genes were analyzed after RA treatment for reducing differentiation in SH-SY5Y NB cell line. To induce differentiation, the cells were treated with 10 μM RA in the dark for 3-10 days. Gene expression of URG4/URGCP and PPARα genes were presented as the yield of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products from target genes compared with the yield of PCR products from the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) gene. SH-SY5Y cells possess small processes in an undifferentiated state, and after treatment with RA, the cells developed long neurites, resembling a neuronal phenotype. PPARα gene expression increased in RA-treated groups; URG4/URGCP gene expression decreased in SH-SY5Y cells after RA treatment compared with that in the control cells. NB cell differentiation might associate with PPARα and URG4/URGCP gene expression profile after RA treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, 35100, Turkey, cbavci@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Cigir Biray
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Avci
authors.forename: Yavuz
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dodurga
authors.forename: Gulsah
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gundogdu
authors.forename: Hasan Onur
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Caglar
authors.forename: Vural
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kucukatay
authors.forename: Cumhur
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gunduz
authors.forename: N Lale
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Satiroglu-Tufan
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D047493:PPAR alpha / Q000235:genetics*; D000090063:Proto-Oncogene Mas; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013997:Time Factors; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; C000715470:MAS1 protein, human; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D047493:PPAR alpha; D000090063:Proto-Oncogene Mas; C470990:URGCP protein, human; D014212:Tretinoin