title: Hypodermal delivery of cosmetic actives for improved facial skin morphology and functionality.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Skin compartments traditionally targeted by cosmetic actives - epidermis and dermis - are anchored and nourished by the underlying hypodermis, which therefore should be a key target for skin-rejuvenating formulations. However, given the difficulty to reach even the superficial layers of the skin, and to its 'unglamorous' fatty composition, the regenerative potential of hypodermis remains largely untapped. Therefore, this study was to investigate the capacity of a cosmetic material to trigger a regenerative response in dermis and epidermis through a selective action on hypodermis. Furthermore, it aimed to establish the effect of such cosmetic material in transbuccal hypodermal delivery form, on the hypodermal precursor cells - the preadipocytes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A combination of grape seed extract and soy phospholipids was formulated and standardized for elastase activity and free radical inhibition. This formulation was then used to contact the hypodermal layer of human skin biopsies and - under a transbuccal delivery vehicle form - the 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, and its effects were quantified using PCR arrays and histochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Application of the standardized grape/soy material to the hypodermal layer of skin triggered modulation of gene expression in the upper layers of the skin and resulted in the clear morphological improvement at the dermal and epidermal levels. Furthermore, when this material was formulated in a mucoadhesive, intraoral film and applied on 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, the resulting modulation of gene expression in these cells was consistent with differentiation and detoxification effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that transbuccal formulations of nutraceutical grade cosmetics have potential to induce signal transduction pathways in facial hypodermis, resulting in anti-aging effects throughout all skin compartments, including dermal and epidermal layers.
authors.affiliation: Sunny BioDiscovery Inc., 972 E. Main St., Santa Paula, CA, 93060, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bojanowski
mesh_terms: D041721:3T3-L1 Cells; D000818:Animals; D003358:Cosmetics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006651:Histocytochemistry; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D051379:Mice; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects*; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000502:physiology; D012879:Skin Physiological Phenomena / Q000187:drug effects; D040521:Subcutaneous Tissue / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D003358:Cosmetics; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: ECM; adipocyte differentiation; ageing; botanical/plant extract; cosmetic; facial integument; skin physiology/structure; transbuccal/transoral delivery; vectorization/penetration