title: Medication administration errors among paediatric nurses in Lagos public hospitals: an opinion survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is paucity of data on paediatric medicine administration error (MAE) in developing countries. This study aimed to investigate the experience of MAEs among paediatric nurses working in public hospitals in Lagos, Nigeria.
  
  
  METHODS
  A confidential, self-reporting questionnaire was the instrument for the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Public hospitals in Lagos, Nigeria with established paediatric services and departments.
  
  
  METHODS
  Paediatric nurses.
  
  
  METHODS
  The questionnaire was administered to 75 nurses working in public hospitals in Lagos to obtain information on the experience of medication errors during their entire career, as well as to know their views on the nature of MAEs and the contributing factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty nurses responded to give a response rate of 66.7%. All the participants were females with a mean ± s.d age of 35.3 ± 10.7 years. Thirty two (64%) had committed at least one medication error over the course of their career. Wrong dose error (24; 48%) and wrong timing of medicine administration (20; 40%) were the MAEs frequently committed by the participants. The consequences of the errors included shock (23; 46%), restlessness (21; 42%), disorientation (11; 22%), and respiratory depression (10; 20%). Increased workload (26; 52%) and not double checking medicine doses (12; 24%) were the major factors the nurses perceived to be contributing to MAEs. Only 15(30%) nurses had reported MAEs to their superiors. Fear of intimidation, retribution or being punished (11; 22%) and lack of policies in place to report errors (13; 26%) were the two major barriers to reporting MAEs. Half (50%) of the nurses indicated that policies were available in their work places to prevent medication errors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Medication administration errors were frequently committed by the participants and resulted in some inconsequential effects, morbidity and deaths. Appropriate measures should be implemented to prevent future occurrences of MAEs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria. kazeemoshikoya@ymail.com
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Oshikoya
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Oreagba
authors.forename: O O
authors.initials: OO
authors.lastname: Ogunleye
authors.forename: I O
authors.initials: IO
authors.lastname: Senbanjo
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: MacEbong
authors.forename: S O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Olayemi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D005260:Female; D006779:Hospitals, Public; D006801:Humans; D008508:Medication Errors / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008509:Medication Systems; D009549:Nigeria; D010371:Pediatric Nursing; D057184:Practice Patterns, Nurses'; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012308:Risk Management