title: The role of S100B in the interaction between adipocytes and macrophages.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The S100 calcium binding protein B (S100B) implicated in brain inflammation acts via the receptor of advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and is also secreted from adipocytes. We investigated the role of S100B in the interaction between adipocytes and macrophages using a cell-culture model.
  
  
  METHODS
  RAW264.7 macrophages (RAW) were stimulated by recombinant S100B to observe alterations in TNF-α and M1 markers; 3T3-L1 adipocytes (L1) were stimulated by TNF-α to examine S100B secretion. RAW and L1 were then mutually stimulated with conditioned media of each other, or co-cultured. The effects of S100B silencing or a RAGE-neutralizing antibody were also investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  S100B upregulated TNF-α and M1 markers in RAW, and TNF-α augmented S100B secretion from L1. L1 conditioned media stimulated TNF-α secretion from RAW, and RAW conditioned media increased S100B secretion from L1. The co-culture of RAW and L1 increased TNF-α, S100B, and the expression of M1 markers and the MCP-1 receptor CCR2. The silencing of S100B or RAGE neutralization significantly ameliorated TNF-α hypersecretion from RAW that were stimulated with L1 conditioned media.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thus, S100B as an adipokine may play a role in the interaction between adipocytes and macrophages to establish a vicious paracrine loop.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fujiya
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagasaki
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Seino
authors.forename: Tetsuji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okawa
authors.forename: Jiro
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Ayako
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fukami
authors.forename: Tatsuhito
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Himeno
authors.forename: Eita
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Uenishi
authors.forename: Shin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsunekawa
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kamiya
authors.forename: Jiro
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Oiso
authors.forename: Yoji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hamada
mesh_terms: D041721:3T3-L1 Cells; D052438:Adipocytes, White / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D054392:Adipokines / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000494:pharmacology; D002450:Cell Communication / Q000187:drug effects; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned / Q000378:metabolism; D020868:Gene Silencing; D056747:Immunomodulation / Q000187:drug effects; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D009765:Obesity / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D019899:Paracrine Communication / Q000187:drug effects; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000819:agonists* / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000819:agonists / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; C579159:S100b protein, mouse; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha