title: Anti-inflammatory effect of D-allose in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats.
abstract: D-allose, a type of rare sugar, can produce inhibitory effects on activated leukocytes in various organs, including immunosuppressive effects and anti-inflammatory effects, as well as anti-oxyradical effects. The present experiment was performed to investigate the potential anti-inflammatory effects of D-allose in acute cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion model was applied in rats. D-allose was administered two times via a tail vein (300 mg/kg, 1 hour before ischemia and 10 hours after reperfusion). After 22 hours of reperfusion following 2 hours of ischemia, brain damage was evaluated by cerebral infarct volume. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity assay by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and protein expression of MPO and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) by immunohistochemistry were evaluated to investigate the potential mechanisms of D-allose. The experimental results showed that D-allose exhibited significant neuroprotective effects against acute cerebral I/R injury. The infarct volume in D-allose-treated rats (90.9 ± 13.5 mm(3)) was significantly smaller than that in vehicle rats (114.9 ± 15.3 mm(3), p < 0.01). D-allose treatment significantly suppressed the MPO activity and the number of MPO-positive cells compared with those in the vehicle group, suggesting that treatment with D-allose can reduce the infiltration of leukocytes into the ischemic tissue. Treatment of D-allose also significantly decreased the number of COX-2-positive cells and microglial activation in the ischemic tissue. The present results demonstrate that D-allose exerts potent neuroprotective effects against acute cerebral I/R injury, and constitute the first evidence of anti-inflammatory effects of D-allose which considerably contributes to the beneficial effects. Treatment with D-allose might provide a new strategy and clinically beneficial outcome for acute ischemic stroke.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: Dakuan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kawai
authors.forename: Takehiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Zhou
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fei
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tamiya
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000473:pathology*; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000473:pathology*; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000032:analysis; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000032:analysis; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; C002055:allose; D009195:Peroxidase; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D005947:Glucose