title: Effect of in-feed paromomycin supplementation on antimicrobial resistance of enteric bacteria in turkeys.
abstract: Histomoniasis in turkeys can be prevented by administering paromomycin sulfate, an aminoglycoside antimicrobial agent, in feed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of in-feed paromomycin sulfate supplementation on the antimicrobial resistance of intestinal bacteria in turkeys. Twelve flocks of breeder turkeys were administered 100 ppm paromomycin sulfate from hatching to day 120; 12 flocks not supplemented with paromomycin were used as controls. Faecal samples were collected monthly from days 0 to 180. The resistance of Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecium and Staphylococcus aureus to paramomycin and other antimicrobial agents was compared in paromomycin supplemented (PS) and unsupplemented (PNS) flocks. E. coli from PS birds had a significantly higher frequency of resistance to paromomycin, neomycin and kanamycin until 1 month after the end of supplementation compared to PNS birds. Resistance to amoxicillin or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was also more frequent in PS turkeys. Resistance was mainly due to the presence of aph genes, which could be transmitted by conjugation, sometimes with streptomycin, tetracycline, amoxicillin, trimethoprim or sulfonamide resistance genes. Resistance to kanamycin and streptomycin in E. faecium was significantly different in PS and PNS breeders on days 60 and 90. Significantly higher frequencies of resistance to paromomycin, kanamycin, neomycin and tobramycin were observed in S. aureus isolates from PS birds. Paromomycin supplementation resulted in resistance to aminoglycosides in bacteria of PS turkeys. Co-selection for resistance to other antimicrobial agents was observed in E. coli isolates.
authors.affiliation: Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l'Alimentation, de l'Environnement et du Travail (ANSES), Université Européenne de Bretagne, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané, Zoopole les Croix, F-22440 Ploufragan, France. Electronic address: isabelle.kempf@anses.fr.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kempf
authors.forename: Aurélie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Le Roux
authors.forename: Agnès
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Perrin-Guyomard
authors.forename: Gwenaëlle
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mourand
authors.forename: Laetitia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Le Devendec
authors.forename: Stéphanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bougeard
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Richez
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Le Pottier
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Eterradossi
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial / Q000662:veterinary; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000032:analysis; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D016984:Enterococcus faecium / Q000187:drug effects; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D016908:Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000662:veterinary; D010303:Paromomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D014422:Turkeys
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D010303:Paromomycin
keywords: Aminoglycosides; Antimicrobial resistance; Intestinal bacteria; Paromomycin; Turkeys