title: Hysteroscopic sterilization using a virtual reality simulator: assessment of learning curve.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the learning curve using a virtual reality simulator for hysteroscopic sterilization with the Essure method.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective multicenter study (Canadian Task Force classification II-2).
  
  
  METHODS
  University and teaching hospital in the Netherlands.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty novices (medical students) and five experts (gynecologists who had performed >150 Essure sterilization procedures).
  
  
  METHODS
  All participants performed nine repetitions of bilateral Essure placement on the simulator. Novices returned after 2 weeks and performed a second series of five repetitions to assess retention of skills. Structured observations on performance using the Global Rating Scale and parameters derived from the simulator provided measurements for analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The learning curve is represented by improvement per procedure. Two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to analyze learning curves. Effect size (ES) was calculated to express the practical significance of the results (ES ≥ 0.50 indicates a large learning effect). For all parameters, significant improvements were found in novice performance within nine repetitions. Large learning effects were established for six of eight parameters (p < .001; ES, 0.50-0.96). Novices approached expert level within 9 to 14 repetitions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The learning curve established in this study endorses future implementation of the simulator in curricula on hysteroscopic skill acquisition for clinicians who are interested in learning this sterilization technique.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Sint Antonius Ziekenhuis, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands. Electronic address: Julienne.Janse@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Juliënne A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Janse
authors.forename: Ruben S A
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Goedegebuure
authors.forename: Sebastiaan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Veersema
authors.forename: Frank J M
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Broekmans
authors.forename: Henk W R
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Schreuder
mesh_terms: D002983:Clinical Competence; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005260:Female; D006176:Gynecology / Q000193:education; D006801:Humans; D015907:Hysteroscopy / Q000193:education* / Q000379:methods; D059032:Learning Curve; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013246:Sterilization, Tubal / Q000193:education* / Q000379:methods; D014584:User-Computer Interface
keywords: Essure; Hysteroscopy; Sterilization; Training; Virtual reality