title: Atherogenic dyslipidaemic profiles associated with the development of Type 2 diabetes: a 3.1-year longitudinal study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  While there is thought to be an association between glucose and lipid metabolism, it is largely unknown whether apolipoprotein B and non-high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol are associated with the development of Type 2 diabetes. It is also unknown whether these atherogenic dyslipidaemic profiles have a stronger association with diabetes risk compared with conventional lipid measurements.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 118 429 subjects without diabetes (70 980 men and 47 449 women), aged 17-90 years (mean age 39.6 years), were enrolled in this study and followed for a mean duration of 3.1 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Apolipoprotein B and non-HDL cholesterol levels showed a strong association with the development of Type 2 diabetes compared with conventional lipid measurements and their ratios [hazard ratio per 1 sd; 1.39 (95% CI 1.37-1.42) and 1.38 (95% CI 1.35-1.40), respectively; both P < 0.001]. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve demonstrated that Type 2 diabetes developed more frequently as apolipoprotein B or non-HDL cholesterol levels increased across quartiles (both P < 0.001). In multivariate Cox regression analyses, both apolipoprotein B and non-HDL cholesterol were associated with the development of Type 2 diabetes, independent of other risk factor including age, sex, waist circumference, family history of diabetes, fasting serum glucose and insulin levels, HbA1c , systolic blood pressure and other conventional lipid measurements [hazard ratio per 1 sd; 1.14 (95% CI 1.11-1.18) and 1.13 (95% CI 1.10-1.16), respectively; both P < 0.001].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Atherogenic dyslipidaemia was more strongly associated with the development of Type 2 diabetes than conventional lipid measurements, and this effect was independent of other well-established risk factor for diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Y-C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: H-Y
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: S-H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: S-W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: C-Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D015415:Biomarkers; D002784:Cholesterol; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human