title: The conundrum of protection from AKI by adenosine in rodent clamp ischemia models.
abstract: Kim et al. show that isoflurane uses a tubule-based transforming growth factor-β/CD73-dependent process that generates adenosine to protect mice from ischemic acute kidney injury (AKI) with effects to prevent the 'no-reflow phenomenon' and decrease inflammation. While direct cytoprotection occurred in culture, extensive research suggests that in vivo adenosine protection from rodent ischemic AKI is mediated by a mutually cooperative mechanism involving blood flow, inflammation, and innate immunity through multiple adenosine receptors with promiscuous actions on diverse cell types.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78284, USA. venkatachal@uthscsa.edu
authors.forename: Manjeri A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Venkatachalam
authors.forename: Joel M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Weinberg
mesh_terms: D015720:5'-Nucleotidase / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006801:Humans; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007687:Kidney Tubules, Proximal / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D007530:Isoflurane; D015720:5'-Nucleotidase; C548241:NT5E protein, human; C548242:Nt5e protein, mouse