title: Exposure assessment at 30 000 feet: challenges and future directions.
abstract: Few studies of cancer mortality and incidence among flight crew have included a detailed assessment of both occupational exposures and lifestyle factors that may influence the risk of cancer. In this issue, Kojo et al. (Risk factors for skin cancer among Finnish airline cabin crew. Ann Occup. Hyg 2013; 57: 695-704) evaluated the relative contributions of ultraviolet and cosmic radiation to the incidence of skin cancer in Finnish flight attendants. This is a useful contribution, yet the reason flight crew members have an increased risk of skin cancer compared with the general population remains unclear. Good policy decisions for flight crew will depend on continued and emerging effective collaborations to increase study power and improve exposure assessment in future flight crew health studies. Improving the assessment of occupational exposures and non-occupational factors will cost additional time and effort, which are well spent if the role of exposures can be clarified in larger studies.
authors.affiliation: Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 4676 Columbia Pkwy (R-15), Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. bag2@cdc.gov
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Grajewski
authors.forename: Lynne E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Pinkerton
mesh_terms: D003359:Cosmic Radiation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*
keywords: cosmic radiation; exposure assessment; flight crew; skin cancer; ultraviolet radiation