title: Like mother, like offspring: maternal and offspring wound healing correlate in snakes.
abstract: Immune function early in life can be influenced by parental effects and the environment, but it remains unclear how these two factors may interact to influence immunocompetence. We evaluated maternal and environmental contributions to offspring healing ability in a viviparous reptile, the northern watersnake (Nerodia sipedon). We measured wound healing rates, a highly integrative and biologically relevant measure of innate immunity, of females and their offspring collected from sites contaminated with a toxic heavy metal and compared them with those of individuals from reference sites. We found that female watersnakes that healed the fastest produced offspring that also exhibited faster healing rates. However, we detected no influence of environmental pollution on maternal or offspring healing rates. To our knowledge, our study is the first to correlate maternal and offspring wound healing ability in a wild vertebrate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech, 106 Cheatham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA. hopkinsw@vt.edu
authors.forename: Brittney C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Hopkins
authors.forename: Stephanie Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Chin
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Willson
authors.forename: William A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Hopkins
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001837:Body Weights and Measures; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000276:immunology*; D007121:Immunocompetence / Q000276:immunology*; D016014:Linear Models; D018811:Maternal Exposure; D008628:Mercury / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D012911:Snakes / Q000502:physiology*; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D008628:Mercury
keywords: immunocompetence; maternal transfer; mercury; parental effects