title: The introduction of an acute physiological support service for surgical patients is an effective error reduction strategy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acute surgical patients are particularly vulnerable to human error. The Acute Physiological Support Team (APST) was created with the twin objectives of identifying high-risk acute surgical patients in the general wards and reducing both the incidence of error and impact of error on these patients. A number of error taxonomies were used to understand the causes of human error and a simple risk stratification system was adopted to identify patients who are particularly at risk of error.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the period November 2012-January 2013 a total of 101 surgical patients were cared for by the APST at Edendale Hospital. The average age was forty years. There were 36 females and 65 males. There were 66 general surgical patients and 35 trauma patients. Fifty-six patients were referred on the day of their admission. The average length of stay in the APST was four days. Eleven patients were haemo-dynamically unstable on presentation and twelve were clinically septic. The reasons for referral were sepsis,(4) respiratory distress,(3) acute kidney injury AKI (38), post-operative monitoring (39), pancreatitis,(3) ICU down-referral,(7) hypoxia,(5) low GCS,(1) coagulopathy.(1) The mortality rate was 13%. A total of thirty-six patients experienced 56 errors. A total of 143 interventions were initiated by the APST. These included institution or adjustment of intravenous fluids (101), blood transfusion,(12) antibiotics,(9) the management of neutropenic sepsis,(1) central line insertion,(3) optimization of oxygen therapy,(7) correction of electrolyte abnormality,(8) correction of coagulopathy.(2) CONCLUSION: Our intervention combined current taxonomies of error with a simple risk stratification system and is a variant of the defence in depth strategy of error reduction. We effectively identified and corrected a significant number of human errors in high-risk acute surgical patients. This audit has helped understand the common sources of error in the general surgical wards and will inform on-going error reduction initiatives.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Private Bag 7, Congella, 4013 Durban, South Africa. Electronic address: damianclar@gmail.com.
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.forename: V Y
authors.initials: VY
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Naidoo
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Furlong
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Aldous
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D003422:Critical Care / Q000379:methods / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000592:standards; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D019300:Medical Errors / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D061214:Patient Safety / Q000592:standards*; D013503:Surgery Department, Hospital / Q000458:organization & administration*
keywords: Acute surgical patients; Error prevention; High risk; Non cardiac