title: Predictors of depression among patients with diabetes mellitus in Southern India.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Diabetes mellitus and depression are major public health problems and are significantly linked with each other. This research study intends to assess for undiagnosed depression and its predictors among adult diabetic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was done among 100 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending the diabetic clinic of a tertiary care hospital. Depression was assessed using Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Chi-square test was performed and odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were obtained. Mann Whitney U and Pearson correlation tests were done. Logistic regression was carried out to determine the predictors of depression and adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were obtained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of depression was 49% (95% CI 39.1-58.9%). The predictors of depression were female gender, elevated fasting blood sugar (FBS) level, physical disability and lack of physician's advice about lifestyle modifications. FBS values were significantly higher in depressed individuals as compared to the non-depressed (p value 0.002). A positive correlation (r=0.38, p value 0.01) was obtained between PHQ-9 scores and the FBS values of the diabetic subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Subjects with diabetes are highly prone for comorbid depression. Physicians should be sensitive towards the need for assessing for possible depression and its risk factors in diabetic patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, Govt Medical College, Trivandrum 695 011, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: Mathew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Madhu
authors.forename: Antony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abish
authors.forename: Kuriakose
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Anu
authors.forename: R Isaiah
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Jophin
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kiran
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vijayakumar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose