title: Phthalic acid chemical probes synthesized for protein-protein interaction analysis.
abstract: Plasticizers are additives that are used to increase the flexibility of plastic during manufacturing. However, in injection molding processes, plasticizers cannot be generated with monomers because they can peel off from the plastics into the surrounding environment, water, or food, or become attached to skin. Among the various plasticizers that are used, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid (phthalic acid) is a typical precursor to generate phthalates. In addition, phthalic acid is a metabolite of diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP). According to Gene_Ontology gene/protein database, phthalates can cause genital diseases, cardiotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, etc. In this study, a silanized linker (3-aminopropyl triethoxyslane, APTES) was deposited on silicon dioxides (SiO2) particles and phthalate chemical probes were manufactured from phthalic acid and APTES-SiO2. These probes could be used for detecting proteins that targeted phthalic acid and for protein-protein interactions. The phthalic acid chemical probes we produced were incubated with epithelioid cell lysates of normal rat kidney (NRK-52E cells) to detect the interactions between phthalic acid and NRK-52E extracted proteins. These chemical probes interacted with a number of chaperones such as protein disulfide-isomerase A6, heat shock proteins, and Serpin H1. Ingenuity Pathways Analysis (IPA) software showed that these chemical probes were a practical technique for protein-protein interaction analysis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, San-Ming District, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan. liang0615@kmu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Shih-Shin
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Wei-Ting
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Chao-Jen
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: Chi-Hsien
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: Chin-Jen
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Hui-Min
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D004051:Diethylhexyl Phthalate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D010795:Phthalic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D010968:Plasticizers; D019704:Protein Disulfide-Isomerases; D012822:Silicon Dioxide
chemical_list: D010795:Phthalic Acids; D010968:Plasticizers; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D004051:Diethylhexyl Phthalate; D019704:Protein Disulfide-Isomerases