title: Protein kinase C inhibitors: a patent review (2010 - present).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Protein kinase C (PKC) comprises at least 10 isoforms, pivotal in various cellular differentiation processes and in other specific cellular functions. Catalytic subunits of all PKCs are highly conserved which play a central role in the development of kinase-specific inhibitors for the treatment of a number of diseases and also in the drug resistance and immunological disorders. The authors' previous work of reviewing patents of PKC inhibitors is continued in this report.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thorough survey on the physiological roles of PKC isoforms and patents filed for PKC inhibitors from 2010 to present representing new and potential strategy for the cure and prevention of disorders due to elevation in various PKC levels is reported.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The PKC isoforms are unique in terms of tissue distribution and an elevation in any isoform level results in different diseased conditions. Different PKC isoforms have high sequence identity but they are involved in different diseases. Crystal structure of few PKC isoforms viz. C1 domain of PKCδ, the C2 domains of PKCα and β, kinase domain and full structure of PKCβII are known. Identification of more crystal structures and thorough analysis of available structures and information on the PKC ligands will be helpful in the drug designing and development processes.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Department of Pharmacoinformatics , Sector 67, SAS Nagar (Mohali), Punjab , India mesophia@niper.ac.in.
authors.forename: Masilamani Elizabeth
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Sobhia
authors.forename: Baljinder K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Grewal
authors.forename: Matam Losery Stanly
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.forename: Jigneshkumar
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Amandeep
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaur
authors.forename: Thongtinlal
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Haokip
authors.forename: Alekhya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kokkula
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000188:drug therapy; D000818:Animals; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000737:chemistry; D008024:Ligands; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D010330:Patents as Topic; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; D008024:Ligands; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011493:Protein Kinase C