title: Mutagenicity and DNA damage of bisphenol A and its structural analogues in HepG2 cells.
abstract: Environmental oestrogen bisphenol A (BPA) and its analogues are widespread in our living environment. Because their production and use are increasing, exposure of humans to bisphenols is becoming a significant issue. We evaluated the mutagenic and genotoxic potential of eight BPA structural analogues (BPF, BPAF, BPZ, BPS, DMBPA, DMBPS, BP-1, and BP-2) using the Ames and comet assay, respectively. None of the tested bisphenols showed a mutagenic effect in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100 in either the presence or absence of external S9-mediated metabolic activation (Aroclor 1254-induced male rat liver). Potential genotoxicity of bisphenols was determined in the human hepatoma cell line (HepG2) at non-cytotoxic concentrations (0.1 μmol L(-1) to 10 μmol L(-1)) after 4-hour and 24-hour exposure. In the comet assay, BPA and its analogue BPS induced significant DNA damage only after the 24-hour exposure, while analogues DMBPS, BP-1, and BP-2 induced a transient increase in DNA strand breaks.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fic
authors.forename: Bojana
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Žegura
authors.forename: Marija
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sollner Dolenc
authors.forename: Metka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Filipič
authors.forename: Lucija
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Peterlin Mašič
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification / Q000633:toxicity*; D002460:Cell Line; D003603:Cytotoxins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification / Q000633:toxicity; D004249:DNA Damage; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009153:Mutagens / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity*; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D003603:Cytotoxins; D009153:Mutagens; D010636:Phenols; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds