title: Genetic variation and HIV-associated neurologic disease.
abstract: HIV-associated neurologic disease continues to be a significant complication in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. A substantial subset of the HIV-infected population shows impaired neuropsychological performance as a result of HIV-mediated neuroinflammation and eventual central nervous system (CNS) injury. CNS compartmentalization of HIV, coupled with the evolution of genetically isolated populations in the CNS, is responsible for poor prognosis in patients with AIDS, warranting further investigation and possible additions to the current therapeutic strategy. This chapter reviews key advances in the field of neuropathogenesis and studies that have highlighted how molecular diversity within the HIV genome may impact HIV-associated neurologic disease. We also discuss the possible functional implications of genetic variation within the viral promoter and possibly other regions of the viral genome, especially in the cells of monocyte-macrophage lineage, which are arguably key cellular players in HIV-associated CNS disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular Virology and Translational Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Satinder
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dahiya
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular Virology and Translational Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Bryan P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Irish
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular Virology and Translational Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Nonnemacher
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular Virology and Translational Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wigdahl
mesh_terms: D015526:AIDS Dementia Complex / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D002493:Central Nervous System Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology*; D014644:Genetic Variation; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D016325:HIV Long Terminal Repeat / Q000235:genetics; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006801:Humans; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D054299:env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000235:genetics; D054322:tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000235:genetics; D054325:vpr Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D054299:env Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; D054322:tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; D054325:vpr Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus