title: Individual and family predictors of psychological control in parents raising children with type 1 diabetes.
abstract: The purpose of this research is to examine how metabolic control, parents' marital conflict, and parental caregiver burden are related to parents' use of psychological control in families raising a child with Type 1 diabetes (T1D). Differences between mothers and fathers are also considered. In this cross-sectional study, parents of 85 children with T1D independently completed self-report questionnaires; metabolic control levels were obtained through patient medical records. Structural equation modeling showed that better metabolic control is related to lower levels of fathers' caregiver burden, and marital conflict is positively related to both mothers' and fathers' ratings of caregiver burden. Mothers' caregiver burden is positively related to their psychological control (a type of parental behavior that threatens children's autonomous thoughts and feelings) and, similarly, fathers' caregiver burden is positively related to their psychological control. Paths in the model differed by parent gender, but there were no crossover effects. Future research is needed to develop new, effective interventions for children with diabetes and their parents, focusing not only on the child but on multiple family systems.
authors.affiliation: Family and Human Studies, Salt Lake Community College, UT, USA. ajubber@gmail.com
authors.forename: Ann P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Jubber
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Olsen Roper
authors.forename: Jeremy B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Yorgason
authors.forename: Franklin O
authors.initials: FO
authors.lastname: Poulsen
authors.forename: Barbara L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Mandleco
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D002668:Child Rearing / Q000523:psychology; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D054541:Family Conflict; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D057566:Self Report; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States