title: Three-dimensional echocardiographic assessment of patent foramen ovale in platypnea-orthodeoxia.
abstract: Platypnea-orthodeoxia is an uncommon syndrome characterized by positional dyspnea and hypoxia when upright that improves with lying down. We present a 75-year-old man with platypnea-orthodeoxia in the setting of a patent foramen ovale (PFO) and a 2.1 cm highly mobile atrial septal aneurysm with 2 cm bowing. Prior reports have established the use of three-dimensional echocardiography to facilitate percutaneous closure of PFO and atrial septal defect, but its use in patients with platypnea-orthodeoxia is unclear. We document three-dimensional echocardiographic images that accurately estimated PFO defect size and confirmed placement of the occluder device.
authors.affiliation: Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California.
authors.forename: Armand
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rostamian
authors.forename: Ankit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rathod
authors.forename: Rajendra R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Makkar
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Siegel
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D000368:Aged; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D054092:Foramen Ovale, Patent / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006344:Heart Septal Defects, Atrial / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D011187:Posture
keywords: 3D echocardiography; atrial septal aneurysm; patent foramen ovale; platypnea-orthodeoxia