title: Music therapy for early cognitive rehabilitation post-childhood TBI: an intrinsic mixed methods case study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The primary aim of this case study was to explore the behavioural changes of a paediatric patient in post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) during a music therapy session. A secondary objective was to measure the effect of the music therapy intervention on agitation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Video data from pre, during and post-music therapy sessions were collected and analysed using video micro-analysis and the Agitated Behaviour Scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The participant displayed four discrete categories of behaviours: Neutral, Acceptance, Recruitment and Rejection. Further analysis revealed brief but consistent and repeated periods of awareness and responsiveness to the live singing of familiar songs, which were classified as Islands of Awareness. Song offered an Environment of Potential to maximise these periods of emerging consciousness. The quantitative data analysis yielded inconclusive results in determining if music therapy was effective in reducing agitation during and immediately post the music therapy sessions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The process of micro-analysis illuminated four discrete participant behaviours not apparent in the immediate clinical setting. The results of this case suggest that the use of familiar song as a music therapy intervention may harness early patient responsiveness to foster cognitive rehabilitation in the early acute phase post-TBI.
authors.affiliation: Music Therapy Department, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne , Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC , Australia .
authors.forename: Janeen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bower
authors.forename: Cathy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Catroppa
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Grocke
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shoemark
mesh_terms: D000647:Amnesia / Q000534:rehabilitation; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior; D003243:Consciousness; D005260:Female; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D006801:Humans; D009146:Music; D009147:Music Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D011595:Psychomotor Agitation / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D014741:Video Recording
keywords: Case study; familiar song; mixed method; music therapy; post-traumatic amnesia; traumatic brain injury