title: Tie2-dependent VHL knockdown promotes airway microvascular regeneration and attenuates invasive growth of Aspergillus fumigatus.
abstract: Microvascular ischemia and infections are associated with the development of chronic rejection following lung transplantation. The von Hippel–Lindau protein (VHL) controls protein levels of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), regulates vascular repair, and improves tissue perfusion. Here, we studied the role of VHL in microvascular repair by orthotopically transplanting tracheas into mice with VHL haplodeficiency in Tie2 lineage cells. We showed that VHL haplodeficiency prolonged airway microvascular perfusion and promoted tissue blood flow through the production of the angiogenic factors, SDF-1 and angiopoietin 1. VHL-haplodeficient pulmonary endothelial cells exhibited increased angiogenic activity, resistance to serum deprivation-induced cell death, and enhanced microvascular repair. By contrast, in recipient mice with HIF-1α deficiency in Tie2 lineage cells, microvascular repair was significantly diminished and suggested that recipient-derived HIF-1α normally participates in the repair of alloimmune-mediated microvascular damage. To evaluate the translational impact of our findings, we compared VHL-haplodeficient mice with wild-type controls using a model of Aspergillus airway infection. In 83% of the VHL-haplodeficient recipients, Aspergillus fumigatus was noninvasive in contrast to 75% of wild-type mice in which the mold was deeply invasive. Our study demonstrated that stabilization of HIF-1α in angiogenic cells, through Tie2 cell VHL haplodeficiency, promoted airway microvascular regeneration and vascular normalization and thereby minimized tissue ischemia and hypoxia. By also mitigating the virulence of A. fumigatus, a common pathogen and itself a risk factor for the development of lung transplant rejection, the selective enhancement of HIF-1α expression has the prospect of offering several novel therapeutic effects to transplant recipients.
authors.affiliation: Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Xinguo
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Joe L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Olcholski
authors.forename: Vinicio de Jesus
authors.initials: Vde J
authors.lastname: Perez
authors.forename: Gregg L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Semenza
authors.forename: Mark R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Nicolls
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001228:Aspergillosis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001232:Aspergillus fumigatus / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D002465:Cell Movement; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000502:physiology; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008168:Lung / Q000166:cytology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D055806:Microvessels / Q000502:physiology; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic; D042787:Receptor, TIE-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D014132:Trachea / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000637:transplantation; D051794:Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C497443:Hif1a protein, mouse; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D051794:Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein; D042787:Receptor, TIE-2; C079086:Tek protein, mouse; C494469:VHL protein, mouse