title: The transcriptome of Echinostoma caproni adults: further characterization of the secretome and identification of new potential drug targets.
abstract: Echinostomes are cosmopolitan parasites that infect a large number of different warm-blooded hosts, both in nature and in the laboratory. They also constitute an important group of food-borne trematodes of public health importance mainly in Southeast Asia and the Far East. In addition, echinostomes are an ideal model to study several aspects of intestinal helminth biology, since they present a number of advantages. For example, echinostomes are large worms whose life cycle is relatively easy to maintain in the laboratory. Recently, several studies documented their great value in the study of intestinal helminth-vertebrate host relationship. Detailed knowledge of their genome, transcriptome and proteome is likely to have an important impact on the development of control strategies for intestinal helminths. We present the first transcriptome of the adult stage of Echinostoma caproni using 454 sequencing coupled to a semi-automated bioinformatic analyses. 557,236 raw sequence reads were assembled into 28,577 contiguous sequences using iAssembler. 23,296 putative proteins were characterized based on homology, gene ontology and/or biochemical pathways. Comparisons of the transcriptome of E. caproni with those of other trematodes revealed similarities in the transcription pattern of molecules inferred to have key roles in parasite-host interactions. Enzymatic proteins like kinases and peptidases were abundant. Of the 3415 predicted excretory/secretory proteins compiled (including non-classical secretory proteins), 180 different proteins were confirmed by proteomic analysis. Potential drug targets were also identified.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study the first transcriptome of the adult stage of E. caproni is presented and compared to those of other trematodes revealing similarities in transcription for molecules inferred to have key roles in parasite-host interactions. 3415 predicted excretory/secretory proteins were compiled, being 180 different proteins confirmed by proteomic analysis. The current transcriptome data increased by nine times the number of previous protein identifications. In addition, potential drug targets for this parasite were identified. The present dataset should provide a solid foundation for future fundamental genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic explorations of E. caproni, as well as a basis for applied outcomes, such as the development of novel methods of intervention against this model organism and related parasites.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, SW 2109, Australia.
authors.forename: Gagan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Garg
authors.forename: Dolores
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bernal
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Trelis
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Forment
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ortiz
authors.forename: M Luz
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Valero
authors.forename: Laia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pedrola
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Martinez-Blanch
authors.forename: J Guillermo
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Esteban
authors.forename: Shoba
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ranganathan
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Toledo
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marcilla
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000871:Anthelmintics; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D004449:Echinostoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004451:Echinostomiasis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015801:Helminth Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020543:Proteome / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000871:Anthelmintics; D015801:Helminth Proteins; D020543:Proteome
keywords: BOE; BRITE; Boletin Oficial del Estado (Spanish Official Press bulletin); CE; Drug target; ES; Echinostoma; European Commission; FABP; GO; HDM; KAAS; KEGG; KEGG Automatic Annotation Server; Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; NGS; PEPCK; Proteomics; Secretome; TMHMM; Transcriptome; biomolecular relations in information transmission and expression; emPAI; excretory–secretory; exponentially modified protein abundance index; fatty acid binding protein; gene ontology; helminth defense molecule; next generation sequencing; phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase; transmembrane domains based on hidden Markov model