title: Validity Evidence for FASTHUG-MAIDENS, a Mnemonic for Identifying Drug-Related Problems in the Intensive Care Unit.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The mnemonic FASTHUG (Feeding, Analgesia, Sedation, Thromboembolic prophylaxis, Head of bed elevation, stress Ulcer prophylaxis, Glucose control) was developed by intensive care unit (ICU) physicians to ensure that key aspects of care are addressed during each patient encounter. Because this tool does not specifically target pharmacotherapy assessments, a modified version, FASTHUG-MAIDENS, was created, by changing the H to mean Hypoactive or Hyperactive delirium and adding M for Medication reconciliation; A for Antibiotics or Anti-infectives; I for Indications for medications; D for drug Dosing; E for Electrolytes, hematology, and other laboratory tests; N for No drug interactions, allergies, duplication, or side effects; and S for Stop dates.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To validate the use of FASTHUG-MAIDENS as a tool for identifying drug-related problems (DRPs) in the ICU.
  
  
  METHODS
  This randomized, prospective validation study took place between January and May 2011 in the ICUs of 4 hospitals: 2 community-level ICUs and 2 tertiary referral ICUs. Each ICU had a dedicated ICU pharmacist and one or more pharmacy residents completing an ICU rotation as part of their pharmacy practice residency (total of 6 residents). The 6 pharmacy residents were randomly assigned to assess patients admitted to the ICU using FASTHUG-MAIDENS or standard monitoring practice. The mean proportion of DRPs per patient encounter identified by the residents (relative to DRPs identified by the ICU pharmacists) was the primary outcome, and the proportion of total DRPs identified in each group was assessed as a secondary end point.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pharmacy residents using the FASTHUG-MAIDENS mnemonic identified a significantly greater mean proportion of DRPs per patient encounter (73.2% versus 52.4%, p = 0.008) and a greater proportion of total DRPs (77.1% versus 52.5%, p < 0.001) than those assessing patients according to standard monitoring practice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this sample, the mnemonic FASTHUG-MAIDENS was a useful tool to facilitate the capture of DRPs by pharmacy residents working in the ICU.
authors.affiliation: , BScPharm, ACPR, is with the Abbotsford Regional Hospital, Abbotsford, British Columbia.
authors.forename: Sarah C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Masson
authors.forename: Vincent H
authors.initials: VH
authors.lastname: Mabasa
authors.forename: Douglas L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Malyuk
authors.forename: Jerrold L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Perrott
keywords: adverse effects; checklist; drug-related problems; intensive care unit; patient outcomes; pharmacist