title: Differential effects of cardiovascular and resistance exercise on functional mobility in individuals with advanced cancer: a randomized trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effects of resistance and cardiovascular exercise on functional mobility in individuals with advanced cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, 2-group pretest-posttest pilot study with randomization to either resistance or cardiovascular exercise mode.
  
  
  METHODS
  Comprehensive community cancer center and a hospital-based fitness facility.
  
  
  METHODS
  Volunteer sample of individuals (N=66; 30 men; 36 women; mean age, 62y) with advanced cancer recruited through the cancer center, palliative care service, rehabilitation department, and a local hospice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten weeks of individualized resistance or cardiovascular exercise, prescribed and monitored by oncology-trained exercise personnel.
  
  
  METHODS
  Functional mobility was assessed using the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB); self-reported pain and fatigue were assessed secondarily using visual analog scales. Data were analyzed using a split plot 2×2 analysis of variance (α=.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-two patients (78.8%) completed the study: 23 (67.7%) of 34 patients in the resistance arm and 29 (90.6%) of 32 patients in the cardiovascular arm. No participant withdrew because of study adverse events. Ten-week outcomes (n=52) included a significant increase in SPPB total score (P<.001), increase in gait speed (P=.001), and reduction in fatigue (P=.05). Although cardiovascular exercise participants had a modestly greater improvement in SPPB total score than resistance training participants (F1,49=4.21, P=.045), the difference was not confirmed in a subsequent intention-to-treat analysis (N=66).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Individuals with advanced cancer appear to benefit from exercise for improving functional mobility. Neither resistance nor cardiovascular exercise appeared to have a strong differential effect on outcome.
authors.affiliation: Center for Cancer Care, Exeter Hospital, Exeter, NH.
authors.forename: Amy J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Litterini
authors.affiliation: Center for Cancer Care, Exeter Hospital, Exeter, NH.
authors.forename: Vickie K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Fieler
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, University of New England, Portland, ME. Electronic address: jcavanaugh@une.edu.
authors.forename: James T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Cavanaugh
authors.affiliation: University of California-San Francisco/San Francisco State University Graduate Program in Physical Therapy, San Francisco, CA.
authors.forename: Jeannette Q
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005221:Fatigue / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D051346:Mobility Limitation; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D055070:Resistance Training; D064232:Visual Analog Scale
keywords: CI; Exercise; Mobility limitation; QOL; Rehabilitation; SPPB; Short Physical Performance Battery; VAS; confidence interval; quality of life; visual analog scale