title: Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin after multiple subcutaneous and intramuscular administrations in adult ostriches.
abstract: 1. The objective of the study was to evaluate the comparative pharmacokinetic behaviour of enrofloxacin in adult ostriches after single and multiple intramuscular (IM) and subcutaneous (SC) administrations. In addition, tissue tolerance was evaluated. 2. Enrofloxacin was well absorbed, but showed a short permanence after both administration routes. After multiple dose administrations the maximum and minimum peak plasma concentrations were very similar for both routes, obtaining a steady state phase from the second dose that extended until the last evaluated administration. 3. There was no significant accumulation after multiple IM or SC doses; however, there were differences in a fluctuation index after multiple intramuscular administrations that could be related to muscle damage. 4. The different microbiological efficacy indicators (PK/PD indices) obtained, the pharmacokinetic behaviour and CK serum concentrations suggest that subcutaneous enrofloxacin administration of 15 mg/kg every 12 h produce and maintain an efficient concentration of antibiotic that is a safer and more effective therapeutic option than intramuscular administration.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Toxicología y Farmacología , Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense (UCM), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: De Lucas
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Solano
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: González
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ballesteros
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: San Andrés
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martín Von Kauffmann
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D000077422:Enrofloxacin; D005260:Female; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008297:Male; D020310:Struthioniformes / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D000077422:Enrofloxacin; D002939:Ciprofloxacin