title: Rhinovirus-Infected Epithelial Cells Produce More IL-8 and RANTES Compared With Other Respiratory Viruses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The environmental factors human rhinoviruses (HRVs) and house dust mites (HDMs) are the most common causes of acute exacerbations of asthma. The aim of this study was to compare the chemokine production induced by HRVs in airway epithelial cells with that induced by other respiratory viruses, and to investigate synergistic interactions between HRVs and HDMs on the induction of inflammatory chemokines in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  A549 human airway epithelial cells were infected with either rhinovirus serotype 7, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-A2 strain, or adenovirus serotype 3 and analyzed for interleukin (IL)-8 and regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) release and mRNA expression. Additionally, activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB and activator protein (AP)-1 were evaluated. The release of IL-8 and RANTES was also measured in cells stimulated simultaneously with a virus and the HDM allergen, Der f1.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HRV caused greater IL-8 and RANTES release and mRNA expression compared with either RSV or adenovirus. NF-κB and AP-1 were activated in these processes. Cells incubated with a virus and Der f1 showed an increased IL-8 release. However, compared with cells incubated with virus alone as the stimulator, only HRV with Der f1 showed a statistically significant increase.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IL-8 and RANTES were induced to a greater extent by HRV compared with other viruses, and only HRV with Der f1 acted synergistically to induce bronchial epithelial IL-8 release. These findings may correspond with the fact that rhinoviruses are identified more frequently than other viruses in cases of acute exacerbation of asthma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yoon Hong
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Chun
authors.forename: Ju Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Huisu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hyun Sook
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sulmui
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Won
authors.forename: Hyun Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Joe
authors.forename: Woo Jin
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Jong-Seo
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Hyun Hee
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jin Tack
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Joon Sung
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
keywords: Der f1; IL-8; Rhinovirus; asthma; regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted