title: Platelet activating factors in depression and coronary artery disease: a potential biomarker related to inflammatory mechanisms and neurodegeneration.
abstract: The persistence of a depressive episode in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients not only heightens the risk of acute ischemic events, but it is also associated with accelerated cognitive decline. Antidepressant interventions for depression in CAD have only modest effects and novel approaches are limited by a poor understanding of etiological mechanisms. This review proposes that the platelet activating factor (PAF) family of lipids might be associated with the persistence of a depressive episode and related neurodegenerative pathology in CAD due to their association with leading etiological mechanisms for depression in CAD such as inflammation, oxidative and nitrosative stress, vascular endothelial dysfunction, and platelet reactivity. The evidence implicating PAFs in CAD, vascular pathology, and neurodegenerative processes is also presented. We also propose future directions for the investigation of PAFs as mediators of persistent depression. In summary, PAFs are implicated in leading mechanisms associated with depression in CAD. PAFs may therefore be associated with the persistence of depression in CAD and related to neurodegenerative and cognitive sequelae.
authors.affiliation: Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; CIHR Training Program in Neurodegenerative Lipidomics, Canada.
authors.forename: Graham
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mazereeuw
authors.forename: Nathan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Herrmann
authors.forename: Steffany A L
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Swardfager
authors.forename: Hongbin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Nico
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Valenzuela
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fai
authors.forename: Krista L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Lanctôt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D001792:Blood Platelets; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D009410:Nerve Degeneration / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010972:Platelet Activating Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D010972:Platelet Activating Factor
keywords: Cerebrovascular; Coronary disease; Depression; Inflammation; Neurodegeneration; Neuroprogression; Oxidative stress; Platelet activating factor; Vascular endothelial dysfunction