title: A 5-year clinical and computerized tomographic implant follow-up in sinus-lifted maxillae and native bone.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study analysed apical and marginal bone remodelling around dental implants placed in both maxillary (sinus elevated with particulated autogenous osseous graft) and corresponding native bone areas, with a follow-up of 5 years. The clinical survival of implants was also observed.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this retrospective chart review, 27 patients were enrolled, with 55 dental implants inserted from 2000 to 2006, 26 of which were followed (one implant per patient); if required, patients were treated via sinus lift with autogenous bone and particulate technique. The internal controls were implants positioned in native areas beneath the sinus. Radiologic survey was assessed via computerized tomographic analysis measuring apical bone level (ABL) and marginal bone level (MBL), at 1- (T1 ), 3- (T2 ) and 5 years (T3 ), around implants (buccal, b; palatal, p; mesial, m; and distal sides, d). Clinical probing depth (CPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) for all the four peri-implant aspects were measured. Cumulative survival rate (CSR) and survival rate (SR) of implants were calculated. Significances for paired and unpaired comparisons were searched for.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant degree of apical resorption was recorded between T1 and T3 for the mesial particulate group; again, a significant difference was discovered between the native and particulate procedures for mABL. A further feature was discovered for the particulate procedure, for which ABLs resulted negative at least for three of the aspects. Regarding MBL measurements, similar behaviours were revealed using time-comparison analysis for the two procedures at the buccal aspect. Comparisons among diameters, irrespective of the procedure, showed that resorption times for the bMBL were shorter as the diameter of the implant became wider. The implant CSR was 92% in native areas (two failures/25 implants) and 93.3% in sinuses lifted with particulate bone (two failures/30 implants).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that a protrusion of the implant apices into augmented sinus lift occurred, whereas the bone remodelling of the coronal areas was not influenced by the events in the maxillary sinus. A diameter ranging from 4 to 5 mm might better guarantee a conservation of marginal peri-implant bone level compared with implants with smaller diameters.
authors.affiliation: Maxillo-Facial Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sbordone
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Toti
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ramaglia
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guidetti
authors.forename: Ludovico
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sbordone
authors.forename: Ranieri
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Martuscelli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000540:Alveolar Ridge Augmentation / Q000379:methods*; D016723:Bone Remodeling; D016025:Bone Transplantation; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods*; D015921:Dental Implants; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D008443:Maxillary Sinus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants
keywords: augmentation techniques; autologous bone graft; bone remodelling; dental implants; sinus bone resorption