title: Measurement of SAR-induced temperature increase in a phantom and in vivo with comparison to numerical simulation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare numerically simulated and experimentally measured temperature increase due to specific energy absorption rate from radiofrequency fields.
  
  
  METHODS
  Temperature increase induced in both a phantom and in the human forearm when driving an adjacent circular surface coil was mapped using the proton resonance frequency shift technique of magnetic resonance thermography. The phantom and forearm were also modeled from magnetic resonance image data, and both specific energy absorption rate and temperature change as induced by the same coil were simulated numerically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The simulated and measured temperature increase distributions were generally in good agreement for the phantom. The relative distributions for the human forearm were very similar, with the simulations giving maximum temperature increase about 25% higher than measured.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although a number of parameters and uncertainties are involved, it should be possible to use numerical simulations to produce reasonably accurate and conservative estimates of temperature distribution to ensure safety in magnetic resonance imaging. R01 EB006563
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Sukhoon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Yeun-Chul
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Carluccio
authors.forename: Christopher T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Sica
authors.forename: Christopher M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Collins
mesh_terms: D065638:Absorption, Radiation; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005542:Forearm / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D006801:Humans; D060526:Magnetic Fields; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008954:Models, Biological; D013696:Temperature; D013817:Thermography / Q000379:methods
keywords: MRI; PRF; SAR; safety; simulation; temperature