title: Interactions among bone, liver, and adipose tissue predisposing to diabesity and fatty liver.
abstract: Growing epidemiological evidence connects obesity and its complications, including metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to reduced bone health and osteoporosis. Parallel to human studies, experimental data disclosed a complex network of interaction among adipose tissue, the liver, and the bone, which reciprocally modulate the function of each other. The main mediators of such crosstalk include hormonal/cytokine signals from the bone (osteopontin, osteocalcin, and osteoprotegerin), the liver (fetuin-A), and adipose tissue [leptin, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and adiponectin]. Dysregulation of this network promotes the development of diabesity, NAFLD, and osteoporosis. We will review recent advances in understanding the mechanisms of bone-liver-adipose tissue interaction predisposing to obesity, diabetes, NAFLD, and osteoporosis and their potential clinical implications.
authors.affiliation: Gradenigo Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy. Electronic address: giovanni_musso@yahoo.it.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Musso
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Paschetta
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gambino
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cassader
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Molinaro
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D053263:Gene Regulatory Networks / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology