title: Nephrectomy in children: Comparison of stress response to laparoscopic and open methods.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate and compare the extent of surgical stress following laparoscopic nephrectomy (LN) and open nephrectomy (ON) in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty consecutive children undergoing nephrectomy were randomized to LN or ON groups. Acid-base balance, blood glucose, acute phase proteins (C-reactive protein [CRP]) and inflammatory markers (interleukin-6 [IL-6]) were measured pre-operatively, as well as 4 and 24 h after surgery. The differences between the two groups were analyzed statistically (significance value for P < 0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall acid base status was more stable in LN. The fall in pH 4 h after surgery was more in ON (P = 0.440) and the difference in pH in ON 4 h and 24 h post-operatively was statistically significant (P = 0.002). In LN, significant difference was found in the base excess mean pre-surgery (mean -3.280 mEq/L) and 4 h post-surgery (mean -7.480 mEq/L) (P = <0.05), as well as between 4 h and 24 h after surgery (mean -2.660 mEq/L) (P = 0.011). The acute rise in CRP 24 h post-operatively in the ON (88.972 mg/L) was significantly higher when compared to both the pre-operative and 4 h post-operative values (P < 0.05). This rise was however, not statistically significant when compared to the 24 h post-operative value in LN (46.399 mg/L) (P = 0.062). The rise in IL-6, 24 h post-procedure in LN (mean 44.444 pg/ml) was statistically lower than that in the open group (mean 343.333 pg/ml) (P = 0.041).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The stable acid-base status and lesser rise of CRP and IL-6 in LN lead to the conclusion that surgical stress caused by LN is less than ON.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Advanced Pediatric Center, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Virender
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sekhon
authors.forename: Prema
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Menon
authors.forename: Sunil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arora
authors.forename: K L N
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Rao
keywords: Children; laparoscopic nephrectomy; open nephrectomy; stress response