title: κ-Selenocarrageenan prevents microcystin-LR-induced hepatotoxicity in BALB/c mice.
abstract: Microcystins (MCs) are a family of cyclic heptapeptides that are produced by blooming algae Microcystis. MCs have been implicated in the development of liver cancer, necrosis and even intrahepatic bleeding. Effective prophylactic approaches and complete removal of MCs are urgently needed. Accumulating evidence suggests that microcystin-LR (MC-LR)-induced damage is accompanied by oxidative stress. Supplementation of Se can enhance resistance to oxidative stress. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the protective effects of κ-Selenocarrageenan (Se-Car), a kind of organic Se compound, in Balb/c mice exposed to MC-LR. Our results proved that Se-Car could significantly ameliorate the hepatic damage induced by MC-LR, including serum markers of liver dysfunction, oxidative damages and histological alterations. Furthermore, Se-Car could significantly alleviate the up-regulation of the molecular targets indicating mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by MC-LR. In conclusion, Se-Car showed clear protection against toxicity induced by MC-LR. Thus, Se-Car could be useful as a new category of anti-MC-LR toxicity reagent.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China. avaecn@gmail.com
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Shouyi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Shouhai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jiao
authors.forename: Xiaowen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Yuguo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Du
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000818:Animals; D000992:Antitoxins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000633:toxicity; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002351:Carrageenan / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000819:agonists / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D059865:Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D039642:Eukaryotic Initiation Factors; D048550:Hepatic Insufficiency / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008387:Marine Toxins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000633:toxicity; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D052998:Microcystins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000633:toxicity; D046931:Microcystis / Q000378:metabolism; D008930:Mitochondria, Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016566:Organoselenium Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000819:agonists / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011897:Random Allocation; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000992:Antitoxins; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D015415:Biomarkers; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; C499527:Eif4ebp1 protein, mouse; D039642:Eukaryotic Initiation Factors; D008387:Marine Toxins; D052998:Microcystins; D016566:Organoselenium Compounds; D010750:Phosphoproteins; C079969:kappa-selenocarrageenan; D002351:Carrageenan; C057862:cyanoginosin LR
keywords: Endoplasmic reticulum stress; Microcystin-LR; Mitochondrial dysfunction; Oxidative damage; κ-Selenocarrageenan