title: Toddler's diarrhea: is it an under-recognized entity in developing countries?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  As there is no report of toddler's diarrhea (TD) from the developing world, we have analyzed our experience of 191 children (<5 years) with chronic diarrhea over 7 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical details, investigations and outcome were retrieved and recorded in a proforma. TD was ascribed in those who had normal growth and no evidence of malabsorption or enteric infections.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The etiology of chronic diarrhea was TD 16%, celiac disease (CD) 37%, cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) 35% and others 12%. The mean age of 30 children with TD was 2.7 ± 1.2 years (22 boys). While comparing TD with CD and CMPA, weight z score (>-2.2) and hemoglobin (>10 or 10.9 g/dL for CD and CMPA, respectively) were independent variables to discriminate TD from CD and CMPA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TD is common in developing countries like India too. Anthropometry and hemoglobin can differentiate it from CD and CMPA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: Ujjal
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Poddar
authors.forename: Jaya
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.forename: Surender Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Yachha
authors.forename: Anshu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Srivastava
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000453:epidemiology; D003968:Diarrhea, Infantile / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D007223:Infant; D008286:Malabsorption Syndromes / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D016269:Milk Hypersensitivity / Q000150:complications* / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D015995:Prevalence
chemical_list: D008894:Milk Proteins
keywords: butter; celiac disease; cow’s milk protein allergy; non-specific diarrhea