title: Optical identification of subjects at high risk for developing breast cancer.
abstract: A time-domain multiwavelength (635 to 1060 nm) optical mammography was performed on 147 subjects with recent x-ray mammograms available, and average breast tissue composition (water, lipid, collagen, oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin) and scattering parameters (amplitude a and slope b) were estimated. Correlation was observed between optically derived parameters and mammographic density [Breast Imaging and Reporting Data System (BI-RADS) categories], which is a strong risk factor for breast cancer. A regression logistic model was obtained to best identify high-risk (BI-RADS 4) subjects, based on collagen content and scattering parameters. The model presents a total misclassification error of 12.3%, sensitivity of 69%, specificity of 94%, and simple kappa of 0.84, which compares favorably even with intraradiologist assignments of BI-RADS categories.
authors.affiliation: Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy. paola.taroni@polimi.it
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Taroni
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Quarto
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pifferi
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ieva
authors.forename: Anna Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Paganoni
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Abbate
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Balestreri
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Menna
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cassano
authors.forename: Rinaldo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cubeddu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology*; D003094:Collagen / Q000737:chemistry; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry; D008327:Mammography / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D055095:Optics and Photonics; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry; D010108:Oxyhemoglobins / Q000737:chemistry; D011336:Probability; D012044:Regression Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013997:Time Factors; D014965:X-Rays
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D008055:Lipids; D010108:Oxyhemoglobins; D003094:Collagen; C100003:deoxyhemoglobin; D010100:Oxygen