title: Effectiveness of a Clinical Skills Workshop for drug-dosage calculation in a nursing program.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mathematical and calculation skills are widely acknowledged as being key nursing competences if patients are to receive care that is both effective and safe. Indeed, weaknesses in mathematical competence may lead to the administration of miscalculated drug doses, which in turn may harm or endanger patients' lives. However, little attention has been given to identifying appropriate teaching and learning strategies that will effectively facilitate the development of these skills in nurses. One such approach may be simulation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effectiveness of a Clinical Skills Workshop on drug administration that focused on improving the drug-dosage calculation skills of second-year nursing students, with a view to promoting safety in drugs administration.
  
  
  METHODS
  A descriptive pre-post test design.
  
  
  METHODS
  Educational. Simulation center.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample population included 77 nursing students from a Northern Italian University who attended a 30-hour Clinical Skills Workshop over a period of two weeks.
  
  
  METHODS
  The workshop covered integrated teaching strategies and innovative drug-calculation methodologies which have been described to improve psychomotor skills and build cognitive abilities through a greater understanding of mathematics linked to clinical practice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Study results showed a significant improvement between the pre- and the post-test phases, after the intervention. Pre-test scores ranged between 0 and 25 out of a maximum of 30 points, with a mean score of 15.96 (SD 4.85), and a median score of 17. Post-test scores ranged between 15 and 30 out of 30, with a mean score of 25.2 (SD 3.63) and a median score of 26 (p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study shows that Clinical Skills Workshops may be tailored to include teaching techniques that encourage the development of drug-dosage calculation skills, and that training strategies implemented during a Clinical skills Workshop can enhance students' comprehension of mathematical calculations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Via Pastore 1, I-16132 Genoa, Italy. Electronic address: a.grugnetti@smatteo.pv.it.
authors.forename: Anna Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Grugnetti
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Via Pastore 1, I-16132 Genoa, Italy. Electronic address: Annamaria.bagnasco@unige.it.
authors.forename: Annamaria
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bagnasco
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Via Pastore 1, I-16132 Genoa, Italy. Electronic address: francescarosa@live.it.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rosa
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Via Pastore 1, I-16132 Genoa, Italy. Electronic address: L.sasso@unige.it.
authors.forename: Loredana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sasso
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002983:Clinical Competence; D054796:Drug Dosage Calculations; D004508:Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate; D004521:Educational Measurement; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D008433:Mathematics; D008508:Medication Errors / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015402:Nursing Education Research; D011340:Problem Solving; D011597:Psychomotor Performance
keywords: Clinical simulation; Drug administration; Drug calculation skills; Nursing education; Patient safety; Students