title: Increase in the mediators of asthma in obesity and obesity with type 2 diabetes: reduction with weight loss.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether the expression of key asthma related genes, IL-4, LIGHT, LTBR, MMP-9, CCR-2, and ADAM-33 in mononuclear cells and the plasma concentration of nitric oxide metabolites (NOM) and MMP-9 are increased in the obese, obese type 2 diabetics (T2DM) and in morbidly obese patients prior to and after gastric bypass surgery (RYGB).
  
  
  METHODS
  The expression of these genes in MNC and plasma concentrations of these indices was measured in healthy lean and in obese with and without T2DM and following RYGB in obese T2DM.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The expression of IL-4, MMP-9, LIGHT and CCR-2 and plasma NOM concentrations was significantly higher in the obese subjects and in obese T2DM patients than in normal subjects. The expression of IL-4, LIGHT, MMP-9, and CCR-2 expression was related to BMI and HOMA-IR. The expression of IL-4, LIGHT, LTBR, ADAM-33, MMP-9, and CCR-2 fell after RYGB surgery as did plasma concentrations of MMP-9 and NOM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Obesity with and without T2DM is associated with an increase in the expression of IL-4, LIGHT, MMP-9 and CCR-2; plasma NOM and MMP-9 concentrations are also increased. Following RYGB surgery and weight loss, the expression of these factors in MNC and plasma concentrations falls significantly.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, State University of New York at Buffalo and Kaleida Health, 115 Flint Road, Williamsville, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Paresh
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dandona
authors.forename: Husam
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ghanim
authors.forename: Scott V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Monte
authors.forename: Joseph A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Caruana
authors.forename: Kelly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: Sanaa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abuaysheh
authors.forename: Teekam
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lohano
authors.forename: Jerome
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schentag
authors.forename: Sandeep
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dhindsa
authors.forename: Ajay
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chaudhuri
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001249:Asthma / Q000150:complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015390:Gastric Bypass; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000097:blood; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery*; D054390:Receptors, CCR2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D053326:Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 14 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: C515334:CCR2 protein, human; C508598:IL4 protein, human; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D054390:Receptors, CCR2; C505914:TNFSF14 protein, human; D053326:Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 14; D015847:Interleukin-4; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C579270:MMP9 protein, human; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9