title: Hemodynamic reactivity to laboratory stressors in healthy subjects: influence of gender and family history of cardiovascular diseases.
abstract: Although laboratory stressor tests have been applied as a preliminary protocol in some cardiovascular studies, there is a lack of data comparing the pressor and chronotropic responses among the main stressor tests. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the variability in hemodynamic responsiveness to the main stressor tests, establish a hyperresponsiveness cutoff criterion and analyze the influence of gender and family history of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in healthy subjects. We examined hemodynamic responses to physical (cold pressor and handgrip tests) and mental (Stroop color-word test) stressors in 98 subjects (48 males and 50 females) without CVDs. All stressor tests resulted in increased blood pressure (BP) levels, which were lower and less dispersed in the handgrip test compared to the cold pressor test. Adopting the 75(th) percentile as the cutoff in our data, we classified subjects exhibiting absolute pressor changes equal to or higher than 14, 24 and 36 mmHg in systolic and 9, 13 and 24 mmHg in diastolic BP during the handgrip, Stroop and cold pressor test, respectively, as hyperresponsives. Males exhibited greater (p<0.05) increases in systolic BP in the handgrip (11% vs. 8%) and cold pressor (25% vs. 21%) tests and in diastolic BP in the handgrip (12% vs. 7%) and Stroop (22% vs. 19%) tests than females. A positive association between family history of CVDs and pressor hyperreactivity to stressor tests was observed. We propose using the 75(th) percentile of hemodynamic sample values as a cutoff criterion to classify individuals as pressor or chronotropic hyperreactives. We conclude that hemodynamic responsiveness to stressor tests in healthy subjects is positively influenced by male gender and family history of CVDs.
authors.affiliation: Emescam College of Health Sciences, Vitoria, ES, Brazil.
authors.forename: Giovana M S
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Simoes
authors.forename: Bianca P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Campagnaro
authors.forename: Clarissa L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Tonini
authors.forename: Silvana S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Meyrelles
authors.forename: Fatima H Sert
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Kuniyoshi
authors.forename: Elisardo C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Vasquez
mesh_terms: D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012737:Sex Factors; D013312:Stress, Physiological
keywords: Cold pressor test; Stroop test; blood pressure; handgrip test; heart rate.; stressor test