title: Monte Carlo modeling for dose assessment in cone beam CT for oral and maxillofacial applications.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To adjust Monte Carlo modeling for dose assessment in dedicated cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) of the oral and maxillofacial region.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two different CBCT systems with different fields of view (FOVs), beam qualities, and scan geometries were modeled using Monte Carlo simulation. Dose calculations for typical CBCT examinations were performed with the head and neck part of four computational anatomical phantoms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Simulation results compared favorably to values acquired experimentally using physical phantoms (in the literature). For a given phantom scanned with 90 kV and 60 × 60 mm FOV, effective dose per mAs was on average the same for the two different systems. Exposing the four phantoms under identical settings for the same CBCT system resulted in variations in organ doses of greater than 100%, leading to differences in effective dose of 30%. For one system, the dose dependence on the operating tube potential can be described with a quadratic polynomial function. Dose distributions over the axial plane were presented as contour plots.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Monte Carlo modeling is an efficient and accurate means of evaluating dose distributions for dedicated cone beam oral and maxillofacial CT. Results suggest large dose differences among patients undergoing the same examination on a given system, supporting approaches toward patient specific dosimetry. A dedicated and standardized computational phantom for head and neck dosimetry should be established.
authors.affiliation: University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bogaerts
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bosmans
mesh_terms: D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D005145:Face / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008437:Maxilla / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D009055:Mouth / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011829:Radiation Dosage