title: Study on the potential toxicity of a thymoquinone-rich fraction nanoemulsion in Sprague Dawley rats.
abstract: Toxicological studies constitute an essential part of the effort in developing an herbal medicine into a drug product. A newly developed thymoquinone-rich fraction nanoemulsion (TQRFNE) has been prepared using a high pressure homogenizer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential acute toxicity of this nanoemulsion in Sprague Dawley rats. The acute toxicity studies were conducted as per the OECD guidelines 425, allowing for the use of test dose limit of 20 mL TQRFNE (containing 44.5 mg TQ)/kg. TQRFNE and distilled water (DW) as a control were administered orally to both sexes of rats on Day 0 and observed for 14 days. All the animals appeared normal, and healthy throughout the study. There was no observed mortality or any signs of toxicity during the experimental period. The effects of the TQRFNE and DW groups on general behavior, body weight, food and water consumption, relative organ weight, hematology, histopathology, and clinical biochemistry were measured. All the parameters measured were unaffected as compared to the control (DW) group. The administration of 20 mL TQRFNE /kg was not toxic after an acute exposure.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Zaki
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tubesha
authors.forename: Mustapha Umar
authors.initials: MU
authors.lastname: Imam
authors.forename: Rozi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mahmud
authors.forename: Maznah
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ismail
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D016227:Benzoquinones / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D055808:Drug Discovery; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D004655:Emulsions / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D031881:Nigella sativa / Q000378:metabolism*; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D016227:Benzoquinones; D004655:Emulsions; D028321:Plant Preparations; C003466:thymoquinone