title: Mycalina: another crack in the Poecilosclerida framework.
abstract: This is the first phylogenetic analysis integrating both morphological and molecular data of the sponge suborder Mycalina (Poecilosclerida), which was erected in 1994. A cladistic analysis of morphology supported the monophyly of Cladorhizidae (including Euchelipluma), Guitarridae (excluding Euchelipluma), Isodictyidae, Latrunculiidae, and Podospongiidae but rejected monophyly for Desmacellidae, Esperiopsidae, Hamacanthidae, and Mycalidae. Analyses of partial 16S and partial 28S rRNA datasets combined, as well as that of a complete 18S rDNA dataset, suggest that Mycalina is not monophyletic; Biemnidae is only distantly related to other poecilosclerids; Merlia and Desmacella branch near the base of a diverse Poecilosclerida clade; Mycalidae is monophyletic (excluding Mycale [Anomomycale] titubans in 18S); and Esperiopsidae and Isodictyidae form a clade. Analyses of the two molecular datasets differed on the monophyly of Podospongiidae and about the relationship of Podospongiidae to Isodictyidae + Esperiopsidae.
authors.affiliation: *Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista, s/n, 20940-040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier 524, PHLC, sala 205, 20550-013, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, USA; National Systematics Laboratory of NOAA Fisheries Service and Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, 20560, USA.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hajdu
authors.forename: Thiago S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: de Paula
authors.forename: Niamh E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Redmond
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cosme
authors.forename: Allen G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.forename: Gisele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lôbo-Hajdu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D008957:Models, Genetic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D011161:Porifera / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal / Q000235:genetics; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal