title: Randomized controlled trial of topical EMLA and breastfeeding for reducing pain during wDPT vaccination.
abstract: The primary objective was to evaluate the analgesic effect of a eutectic mixture of local anesthetics (EMLA) during whole cell DPT vaccination. The secondary objective was to evaluate if the analgesic effect of EMLA was synergistic to breastfeeding. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial was done to include infants of up to 3 months of age who came for their first DPT vaccination. The outcome variables were duration of cry, latency of onset of cry, and Modified Facial Coding Score. Thirty babies were enrolled in each of three groups. The groups did not differ significantly in baseline characteristics. Median (interquartile range) of duration of cry was least [34.6 (24.1-72.2) s] in babies receiving EMLA cream with breastfeeding (EB group), followed by 94.2 (46.1-180) s in babies receiving EMLA cream with oral distilled water (EW group), as compared to 180.0 (180-180) s in babies receiving placebo cream with oral distilled water (PCW group) (p < 0.05). Mean (SD) of latency of cry was significantly greater in EB group [2.4 (1.14) s] and EW group [1.9 (0.62) s] as compared to babies in PCW group [1.5 (0.47) s] (p < 0.05), but the difference between EB and EW groups was not significant. Modified Facial Coding Score was significantly lower in EB group as compared to the other groups (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Topical EMLA is effective in reducing pain and has a synergistic effect in analgesia when combined with breastfeeding during vaccination in infants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, LLRM Medical College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India, navratankumargupta@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Navratan Kumar
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Upadhyay
authors.forename: Astha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.forename: Gaurav
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Goswami
authors.forename: Jagdish
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sreenivas
mesh_terms: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D001942:Breast Feeding; D003448:Crying; D015721:Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008012:Lidocaine; D000077442:Lidocaine, Prilocaine Drug Combination; D008297:Male; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011318:Prilocaine; D014611:Vaccination / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D015721:Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine; D000077442:Lidocaine, Prilocaine Drug Combination; D011318:Prilocaine; D008012:Lidocaine