title: Body mass index and waist circumference: relationship to cardiometabolic risk factors in children--Busselton Health Study 2005-2007.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aims to analyse the continuous relationship of each cardiometabolic risk factor with body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference percentiles in a population-based sample of children.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional sample of 996 school children aged 6-16.9 years in Busselton, Western Australia, (2005-2007) had anthropometry and fasting blood tests for total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, triglycerides, glucose, insulin, high-sensitive C-reactive protein, liver function tests and adiponectin. Age- and menarche (for girls)-adjusted means of each risk factor were related to BMI and waist circumference centiles across the full normal-overweight-obese range.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The correlations between BMI and waist circumference (boys 0.91 and girls 0.91) and between BMI z-score and waist z-score (boys 0.80 and girls 0.82) were high. An increase in insulin across all centile groups (for BMI and waist circumference) was found in both sexes. An increase was found for diastolic blood pressure and systolic blood pressure z-score, high density lipoprotein, high-sensitive C-reactive protein, alanine transaminase and gamma-glutamyltransferase in only the centile groups >85% for BMI and waist circumference for both sexes. Mixed and sex-discordant results were found for triglycerides, adiponectin and glucose.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are important differences in the relationships between increasing BMI/adiposity, and each comorbidity and these relationships can differ between boys and girls. This information has implications for screening and management of adiposity-related cardiometabolic risk factors in children and for public health initiatives to reduce future burden of cardiovascular disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Lana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.affiliation: School of Population Health, University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Knuiman
authors.affiliation: School of Population Health, University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Divitini
authors.affiliation: School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia.|Pathwest, QEII Medical Centre, Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Beilby
authors.affiliation: School of Population Health, University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia.|Busselton Population Medical Research Institute, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine & Pharmacology, Fremantle Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Lindsay
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mollison
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Brendan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: McQuillan
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Davis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000209:etiology; D009765:Obesity / Q000175:diagnosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D055105:Waist Circumference / Q000502:physiology
keywords: BMI; adolescent; child; comorbidity; epidemiology