title: Surface temperature changes in response to handling in domestic chickens.
abstract: Stress-induced hyperthermia (SIH) occurs in numerous species and is characterised by an increase in core body temperature, and a decrease in surface temperature, of between 0.5 and 1.5°C within 10 to 15 min of the onset of "emotional stress". The aim of the current study was to ascertain whether the husbandry-relevant procedure of handling resulted in measurable changes in surface body temperature in chickens, as measured using infrared thermography. Baseline temperatures for 19 domestic hens were compared to temperatures immediately, and up to 20 min following handling (catching and brief restraint by a human). Surface head, eye and comb temperatures were plotted to investigate the pattern of temperature change. In response to handling, comb temperature decreased significantly, showing a rapid 2°C drop. Eye temperature showed an initial decrease then rose to levels significantly higher than handling. Head temperature increased over the 20 min post-handling period, to reach levels significantly higher than baseline. It can be concluded that surface temperature changes assessed using infrared thermography, in particular of the hen's comb, are sensitive to husbandry procedures such as handling and represent a potentially useful method for assessing stress-induced hyperthermia in chickens.
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Langford House, Langford BS40 5DU, UK. j.edgar@bristol.ac.uk
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Edgar
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Nicol
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Pugh
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Paul
mesh_terms: D000827:Animal Welfare; D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens; D005260:Female; D006234:Handling, Psychological; D012881:Skin Temperature; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: Animal welfare; Chicken; Infrared thermography; Non-invasive; Stress-induced hyperthermia; Thermal imaging