title: A systematic review of HIV interventions for black men who have sex with men (MSM).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Black men who have sex with men (MSM) are disproportionately burdened by HIV/AIDS. Despite this burden there has been a shortage of research on HIV interventions for black MSM. This article provides a comprehensive review of the literature on interventions for black MSM to identify effective HIV prevention intervention strategies for black MSM.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched 3 databases: Pubmed, Scopus, and Google Scholar to identify peer-reviewed articles and used the following search terms: African American or black; MSM or men who have sex with men and women (MSMW); HIV; program or intervention; and evaluation or intervention science or implementation research. We included research articles that assessed interventions for black men who have sex with men. We included studies that used an experimental, quasi-experimental, or pre-post test design as well as formative research studies. We also searched the CDC and NIH websites to identify planned and on-going intervention studies. We identified a total of 23 studies to include in the review.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 12 completed studies of interventions for black MSM. Eight of these 12 interventions aimed to reduce HIV risk behaviors and 5 found a significant reduction in HIV risk behavior over time. We identified 4 health service intervention studies for young black MSM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Behavior change interventions are effective at reducing HIV risk behaviors among black MSM. However, relying only on behavioral interventions that aim to reduce HIV risk behavior will most likely not have a population-level effect on HIV infection among black MSM. There is a compelling and urgent need to develop and test comprehensive HIV testing, linkage to care, retention in care and adherence interventions for black MSM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. cmaulsby@jhsph.edu
authors.forename: Cathy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maulsby
authors.forename: Greg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Millett
authors.forename: Kali
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lindsey
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kelley
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Montoya
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Holtgrave
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018451:Homosexuality, Male / Q000208:ethnology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015397:Program Evaluation; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior