title: Stereoisomeric profiling of pharmaceuticals ibuprofen and iopromide in wastewater and river water, China.
abstract: Stereoisomeric compositions can provide insights into sources, fate, and ecological risks of contaminants in the environment. In this study, stereoisomeric profiles of ibuprofen and iopromide were investigated in wastewater and receiving surface water of the Pearl River Delta, south China. The enantiomeric fraction (EF) of ibuprofen was 0.108-0.188 and 0.480, whereas the isomer ratio (IR) of iopromide was 1.426-1.673 and 1.737-1.898 in the influent and final effluent, respectively, suggesting stereoselective degradation occurred for both pharmaceuticals during wastewater treatment. Ibuprofen showed enantioselective degradation in the anaerobic, anoxic, and aerobic conditions, whereas iopromide displayed isomer-selective degradation only under the aerobic condition. In the river waters, the EF of ibuprofen was 0.130-0.327 and the IR of iopromide was 1.500-2.531. The results suggested that pharmaceuticals in the mainstream Pearl River were mainly from discharge of treated wastewater, whereas in the tributary rivers and urban canals, direct discharge of untreated wastewater represented a significant contribution. The IR of iopromide can be an applicable and efficient tracer for wastewater discharge in the environment.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Zhifang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Qiuxin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Yiyi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Chunwei
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Weihui
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ou
authors.forename: Xianzhi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Peng
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D002681:China; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D007472:Iohexol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D045483:Rivers; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid; D062065:Wastewater / Q000032:analysis; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D003287:Contrast Media; D007052:Ibuprofen; D007472:Iohexol; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C038192:iopromide