title: Human liver tissue metabolic profiling research on hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To select characteristic endogenous metabolites in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients and to identify their molecular mechanism and potential clinical value.
  
  
  METHODS
  An ultra performance liquid chromatography and linear trap quadrupole-Orbitrap XL-mass spectrometry platform was used to analyze endogenous metabolites in the homogenate of central tumor tissue, adjacent tissue and distant tissue obtained from 10 HBV-related HCC patients. After pretreatment with Mzmine software, including peak detection, alignment and normalization, the acquired data were treated with Simca-P+software to establish multivariate statistical analysis based on a pattern recognition technique and characteristic metabolites highly correlated with changing trends in metabolic profiling were selected and further identified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Based on data acquired using Mzmine software, a principal component analysis model (R2X = 66.9%, Q2 = 21.7%) with 6 principal components and an orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis model (R2X = 76.5%, R2Y = 93.7%, Q2 = 68.7%) with 2 predicted principal components and 5 orthogonal principal components were established in the three tissue groups. Forty-nine ions were selected, 33 ions passed the 2 related samples nonparametric test (P < 0.05) and 14 of these were further identified as characteristic metabolites that showed significant differences in levels between the central tumor tissue group and distant tumor tissue group, including 9 metabolites (L-phenylalanine, glycerophosphocholine, lysophosphatidylcholines, lysophosphatidylethanolamines and chenodeoxycholic acid glycine conjugate) which had been reported as serum metabolite biomarkers for HCC diagnosis in previous research, and 5 metabolites (beta-sitosterol, quinaldic acid, arachidyl carnitine, tetradecanal, and oleamide) which had not been reported before.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Characteristic metabolites and metabolic pathways highly related to HCC pathogenesis and progression are identified through metabolic profiling analysis of HCC tissue homogenates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin 300170, China.
authors.forename: Shu-Ye
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Rikki-Lei
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Zhi-Juan
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Zhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Du
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D005260:Female; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D011379:Prognosis; D012984:Software
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor
keywords: Characteristic metabolites; Hepatocellular carcinoma; Metabolomics; Potential biomarker; Ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry