title: Comparative effects of plant growth regulators on leaf and stem explants of Labisia pumila var. alata.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Labisia pumila var. alata, commonly known as 'Kacip Fatimah' or 'Selusuh Fatimah' in Southeast Asia, is traditionally used by members of the Malay community because of its post-partum medicinal properties. Its various pharmaceutical applications cause an excessive harvesting and lead to serious shortage in natural habitat. Thus, this in vitro propagation study investigated the effects of different plant growth regulators (PGRs) on in vitro leaf and stem explants of L. pumila.
  
  
  METHODS
  The capabilities of callus, shoot, and root formation were evaluated by culturing both explants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with various PGRs at the concentrations of 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 mg/L.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Medium supplemented with 3 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) showed the optimal callogenesis from both leaf and stem explants with (72.34 ± 19.55)% and (70.40 ± 14.14)% efficacy, respectively. IBA was also found to be the most efficient PGR for root induction. A total of (50.00 ± 7.07)% and (77.78 ± 16.47)% of root formation were obtained from the in vitro stem and leaf explants after being cultured for (26.5 ± 5.0) and (30.0 ± 8.5) d in the medium supplemented with 1 and 3 mg/L of IBA, respectively. Shoot formation was only observed in stem explant, with the maximum percentage of formation ((100.00 ± 0.00)%) that was obtained in 1 mg/L zeatin after (11.0 ± 2.8) d of culture.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Callus, roots, and shoots can be induced from in vitro leaf and stem explants of L. pumila through the manipulation of types and concentrations of PGRs.
authors.affiliation: Division of Human Biology, International Medical University, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. anna_ling@imu.edu.my
authors.forename: Anna Pick Kiong
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.forename: Kinn Poay
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Sobri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hussein
mesh_terms: D019342:Acetic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D007211:Indoles / Q000737:chemistry; D007701:Kinetin / Q000378:metabolism; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000378:metabolism; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000378:metabolism*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000187:drug effects*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects; D018520:Plant Shoots / Q000187:drug effects; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000187:drug effects*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000378:metabolism; D029623:Primulaceae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development*; D015026:Zeatin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D007211:Indoles; D009281:Naphthalenes; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; C014612:indolebutyric acid; C031721:naphthalene; D015026:Zeatin; D007701:Kinetin; D019342:Acetic Acid