title: Physical restraint usage at a teaching hospital: a pilot study.
abstract: This mixed method study examines the prevalence of restraint usage; perception of nurses and doctors about the practice and whether they were trained to apply physical restraints. The physical restraint prevalence tools were used to observe 172 adult patients and conduct 47 chart audits in the medical-surgical wards and a psychiatric unit in November 2011. Focus group discussions with nurses and doctors were conducted. Quantitative data were analyzed using the SPSS and focus group discussions thematically analyzed. The prevalence of physical restraints between the medical-surgical wards was 75%. Nurses and medical doctors were not formally trained to apply restraint, and had learnt from peer observation. They expressed sadness, guilt, and fear when restraints are used and identified that inadequate institutional support existed. Restraint usage was high, and nurses and doctors experienced moral dilemma when they perceived that lack of formal training and inadequate institutional support may contribute to patient injury.
authors.affiliation: University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica, West Indies antoinette.bartongooden@uwimona.edu.jm.
authors.forename: Antoinette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barton-Gooden
authors.affiliation: University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica, West Indies.
authors.forename: Pauline E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Dawkins
authors.affiliation: Head of Department, Senior Lecturer at the UWI School of Nursing, University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica, West Indies.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bennett
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D005260:Female; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012149:Restraint, Physical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
keywords: hospital; medical doctors; nurses; restraints