title: Exercise training favors increased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle in contrast to adipose tissue: a randomized study using FDG PET imaging.
abstract: Physical exercise increases peripheral insulin sensitivity, but regional differences are poorly elucidated in humans. We investigated the effect of aerobic exercise training on insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in five individual femoral muscle groups and four different adipose tissue regions, using dynamic (femoral region) and static (abdominal region) 2-deoxy-2-[¹⁸F]fluoro-d-glucose (FDG) PET/CT methodology during steady-state insulin infusion (40 mU·m⁻²·min⁻¹). Body composition was measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry and MRI. Sixty-one healthy, sedentary [V(O2max) 36(5) ml·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹; mean(SD)], moderately overweight [BMI 28.1(1.8) kg/m²], young [age: 30(6) yr] men were randomized to sedentary living (CON; n = 17 completers) or moderate (MOD; 300 kcal/day, n = 18) or high (HIGH; 600 kcal/day, n = 18) dose physical exercise for 11 wk. At baseline, insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was highest in femoral skeletal muscle followed by intraperitoneal visceral adipose tissue (VAT), retroperitoneal VAT, abdominal (anterior + posterior) subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and femoral SAT (P < 0.0001 between tissues). Metabolic rate of glucose increased similarly (~30%) in the two exercise groups in femoral skeletal muscle (MOD 24[9, 39] μmol·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹, P = 0.004; HIGH 22[9, 35] μmol·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹, P = 0.003) (mean[95% CI]) and in five individual femoral muscle groups but not in femoral SAT. Standardized uptake value of FDG decreased ~24% in anterior abdominal SAT and ~20% in posterior abdominal SAT compared with CON but not in either intra- or retroperitoneal VAT. Total adipose tissue mass decreased in both exercise groups, and the decrease was distributed equally among subcutaneous and intra-abdominal depots. In conclusion, aerobic exercise training increases insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle but not in adipose tissue, which demonstrates some interregional differences.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Reichkendler
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Auerbach
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rosenkilde
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Christensen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Holm
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Petersen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lagerberg
authors.forename: H B W
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Larsson
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rostrup
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Mosbech
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sjödin
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kjaer
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ploug
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hoejgaard
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stallknecht
mesh_terms: D052436:Adipose Tissue, White / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D050154:Adiposity; D000328:Adult; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000378:metabolism; D015444:Exercise; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 / Q000378:metabolism; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D015309:Glucose Clamp Technique; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D064847:Multimodal Imaging; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D050177:Overweight / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D015854:Up-Regulation; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; C495692:SLC2A4 protein, human; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D005947:Glucose
keywords: metabolism; obesity; overweight