title: Erythrocyte glutathione transferase activity: a possible early biomarker for blood toxicity in uremic diabetic patients.
abstract: Erythrocyte glutathione transferase (e-GST) displays increased activity in patients with renal damage and positive correlation with homocysteine (Hcy) in patients under maintenance hemodialysis. Here, we determined e-GST, Hcy, and erythrocyte catalase (e-CAT) in 328 patients affected by type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), 61 diabetic non-nephropathic patients and 267 affected by diabetes and by chronic kidney disease (CKD) under conservative therapy subdivided into four stages according to K-DOQI lines. e-GST activity was significantly higher in all T2DM patients compared to the control group (7.90 ± 0.26 vs. 5.6 ± 0.4 U/g(Hb)), and we observed an enhanced activity in all subgroups of CKD diabetic patients. No significant correlation or increase has been found for e-CAT in all patients tested. Mean Hcy in diabetic patients is higher than that in healthy subjects (33.42 ± 1.23 vs. 13.6 ± 0.8 μM), and Hcy increases in relation to the CKD stage. As expected, a significant correlation was found between e-GST and Hcy levels. These findings suggest that e-GST hyperactivity is not caused directly by diabetes but by its consequent renal damage. e-GST, as well as Hcy, may represent an early biomarker of renal failure.
authors.affiliation: Nephrology and Hypertension Unit, Department of System Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Viale Oxford 81, 00133, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Annalisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Noce
authors.forename: Raffaele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fabrini
authors.forename: Mariarita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dessì
authors.forename: Alessio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bocedi
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Santini
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rovella
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pastore
authors.forename: Manfredi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tesauro
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bernardini
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Di Daniele
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ricci
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002374:Catalase / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000201:enzymology*; D003929:Diabetic Neuropathies / Q000097:blood / Q000201:enzymology*; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000201:enzymology*; D005260:Female; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000097:blood*; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000201:enzymology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014511:Uremia / Q000097:blood / Q000201:enzymology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D006710:Homocysteine; D002374:Catalase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase