title: Clinical bond failure rates of adhesive precoated self-ligating brackets using a self-etching primer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To comparatively assess the failure rate of adhesive precoated (APC) self-ligating metal brackets bonded with two different enamel surface preparation techniques: self-etching primer (SEP) and conventional two-step etch and primer method (CM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-seven patients with complete permanent dentition were included in this study. A total of 1140 APC self-ligating brackets (3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif) were bonded using a split-mouth design. For each patient, SEP (Transbond Plus SEP, 3M Unitek) and CM (37% phosphoric acid) were used in alternate quadrants. All brackets were bonded by the same investigator after pumicing and rinsing of all of the teeth. The number, site, and date of first-time bracket failures were monitored throughout orthodontic treatment (mean, 22 months). The survival rates of the brackets were estimated by Kaplan-Meier and log-rank tests (P < .05). The adhesive remnant index was used to determine the bond failure interface.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The bond failure rates were 2.97% and 2.18% for the CM and SEP, respectively. No statistically significant difference in failure rates was found between the groups. The bond failure sites were predominantly at the enamel-adhesive interface in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This long-term in vivo study showed that the combined use of SEP and the APC bracket system can be used effectively for bonding brackets after pumicing the enamel surfaces in clinical orthodontics.
authors.affiliation: a  Associate Professor, Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics, Samsun, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mete
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ozer
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bayram
authors.forename: Cagri
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dincyurek
authors.forename: Fuat
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tokalak
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000379:methods; D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry*; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D055117:Curing Lights, Dental; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000379:methods*; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004868:Equipment Failure; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D010756:Phosphoric Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D013193:Stainless Steel / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D003188:Composite Resins; D003722:Dental Alloys; D003738:Dental Cements; D010756:Phosphoric Acids; D019279:Resin Cements; C429625:Transbond Plus Self-Etching Primer; C516047:Transbond XT Light Cure Adhesive Primer; D013193:Stainless Steel; C030242:phosphoric acid