title: Evaluation of perinatal arterial ischemic stroke using noninvasive arterial spin labeling perfusion MRI.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Arterial spin labeling (ASL) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can evaluate brain perfusion in neonates noninvasively. The aim of this study was to investigate whether ASL MRI can demonstrate perfusion abnormalities in neonates diagnosed with perinatal arterial ischemic stroke (PAIS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Pulsed ASL perfusion MR images were acquired in the subacute stage (5-6 d after birth) and at follow-up (13 d to 16 wk after birth) in four PAIS patients. Images were visually evaluated for hypo- and hyperperfusion. In addition, cerebral oxygenation was monitored using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In three PAIS patients, ASL images showed hypoperfusion in the stroke area. In one of these, hyperperfusion was visualized in the periphery of the stroke area. In one PAIS patient, hyperperfusion was seen in the stroke area. In all infants, cerebral oxygenation was higher in the infarcted hemisphere as compared with the contralateral hemisphere. Follow-up ASL images showed partial recovery of perfusion in the stroke area.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ASL perfusion MRI is able to reliably detect hypo- and hyperperfusion in PAIS patients and can be used to monitor the evolution of perfusion after an ischemic event.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jill B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: De Vis
authors.forename: Esben T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Petersen
authors.forename: Karina J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Kersbergen
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Alderliesten
authors.forename: Linda S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: de Vries
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: van Bel
authors.forename: Floris
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Groenendaal
authors.forename: Petra M A
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Lemmers
authors.forename: Jeroen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hendrikse
authors.forename: Manon J N L
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Benders
mesh_terms: D001158:Arteries / Q000473:pathology*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D013055:Spectrophotometry, Infrared; D013113:Spin Labels; D020521:Stroke / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D013113:Spin Labels