title: A high density physical map of chromosome 1BL supports evolutionary studies, map-based cloning and sequencing in wheat.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  As for other major crops, achieving a complete wheat genome sequence is essential for the application of genomics to breeding new and improved varieties. To overcome the complexities of the large, highly repetitive and hexaploid wheat genome, the International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium established a chromosome-based strategy that was validated by the construction of the physical map of chromosome 3B. Here, we present improved strategies for the construction of highly integrated and ordered wheat physical maps, using chromosome 1BL as a template, and illustrate their potential for evolutionary studies and map-based cloning.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using a combination of novel high throughput marker assays and an assembly program, we developed a high quality physical map representing 93% of wheat chromosome 1BL, anchored and ordered with 5,489 markers including 1,161 genes. Analysis of the gene space organization and evolution revealed that gene distribution and conservation along the chromosome results from the superimposition of the ancestral grass and recent wheat evolutionary patterns, leading to a peak of synteny in the central part of the chromosome arm and an increased density of non-collinear genes towards the telomere. With a density of about 11 markers per Mb, the 1BL physical map provides 916 markers, including 193 genes, for fine mapping the 40 QTLs mapped on this chromosome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Here, we demonstrate that high marker density physical maps can be developed in complex genomes such as wheat to accelerate map-based cloning, gain new insights into genome evolution, and provide a foundation for reference sequencing.
authors.forename: Romain
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Philippe
authors.forename: Etienne
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Paux
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bertin
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sourdille
authors.forename: Fréderic
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Choulet
authors.forename: Christel
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Laugier
authors.forename: Hana
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Simková
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Safář
authors.forename: Arnaud
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bellec
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vautrin
authors.forename: Zeev
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Frenkel
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cattonaro
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Magni
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Scalabrin
authors.forename: Mihaela M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Martis
authors.forename: Klaus F X
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.forename: Abraham
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Korol
authors.forename: Hélène
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bergès
authors.forename: Jaroslav
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Doležel
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Feuillet
mesh_terms: D005075:Biological Evolution; D058431:Brachypodium / Q000235:genetics; D032461:Chromosomes, Plant / Q000737:chemistry*; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D005819:Genetic Markers; D018745:Genome, Plant; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; D012275:Oryza / Q000235:genetics; D020161:Physical Chromosome Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D040641:Quantitative Trait Loci; D045868:Sorghum / Q000235:genetics; D026801:Synteny; D014908:Triticum / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers