title: Dynamics of three organic acids (malic, acetic and succinic acid) in sunflower exposed to cadmium and lead.
abstract: Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) has been considered as a good candidate for bioaccumulation of heavy metals. In the present study, sunflower was used to enrich the cadmium and lead in sand culture during 90 days. Biomass, Cd and Pb uptake, three organic acids and pH in cultures were investigated. Results showed that the existence of Cd and Pb showed different interactions on the organic acids exudation. In single Cd treatments, malic and acetic acids in Cd10 showed an incremental tendency with time. In the mixed treatments of Cd and Pb, malic acids increased when 10 and 40 mg x L(-1) Cd were added into Pb50, but acetic acids in Pb50 were inhibited by Cd addition. The Cd10 supplied in Pb10 stimulated the secretion of malic and succinic acids. Moreover, the Cd or Pb uptake in sunflower showed various correlations with pH and some organic acids, which might be due to the fact that the Cd and Pb interfere with the organic acids secretion in rhizosphere of sunflower, and the changes of organic acids altered the form and bioavailability of Cd and Pb in cultures conversely.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Regional Environment and Eco-remediation, Shenyang, China.
authors.forename: Zhixin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.forename: Xiaodong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Lina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Tieheng
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D019342:Acetic Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D018533:Biomass; D002104:Cadmium / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006368:Helianthus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008293:Malates / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D053147:Plant Exudates / Q000737:chemistry; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D058441:Rhizosphere; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D019802:Succinic Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D008293:Malates; D053147:Plant Exudates; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D002104:Cadmium; D007854:Lead; C030298:malic acid; D019802:Succinic Acid; D019342:Acetic Acid