title: Hospital-acquired hyponatremia in pediatric patients: a review of the literature.
abstract: Hypotonic intravenous (IV) fluids in children are a mainstay of therapy based on a recommendation made in 1957 by Holliday and Segar. Since that time, hospital-acquired hyponatremia caused by hypotonic IV fluids has been found to be an additional risk factor in the cause of death and neurological impairment in acutely ill children. This article reviews and critically evaluates the literature regarding the association of hyponatremia and hypotonic IV fluids in pediatric hospitalized, postoperative, and critical care patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee ; The Children's Foundation Research Institute at Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee.
authors.forename: Deidra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Easley
authors.forename: Emma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tillman
keywords: hyponatremia; hypotonic saline; intravenous fluids