title: Accuracy of matching optic discs with visual fields: the European Structure and Function Assessment Trial (ESAFAT).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the ability of ophthalmologists across Europe to match stereoscopic optic disc photographs to visual fields of varying severity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Evaluation and comparison of 2 diagnostic tests.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 109 of 260 invited ophthalmologists in 11 European countries. These had participated in the previous European Optic Disc Assessment Trial (EODAT), a trial on glaucoma diagnostic accuracy based on optic discs only.
  
  
  METHODS
  Each participant matched stereo optic disc photographs of 40 healthy and 48 glaucomatous eyes to a visual field chosen from 4 options per disc. The 4 presented visual fields included the corresponding one and 3 other visual fields, varying in severity. The matching accuracy and any inaccuracy per disease severity were calculated. Classification accuracy (as glaucomatous or healthy) was compared with EODAT data. Duplicate slides allowed for the assessment of intraobserver agreement.
  
  
  METHODS
  Accuracy of matching optic discs with their corresponding visual field and of classifying them as healthy or glaucomatous; intraobserver agreement (κ).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall accuracy of ophthalmologists for correctly matching stereoscopic optic disc photographs to their visual fields was 58.7%. When incorrectly matched, the observers generally overestimated the visual field severity (P<0.001), notably in eyes with early glaucoma. The intraobserver agreement was, on average, moderate (0.52).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  European ophthalmologists correctly matched stereoscopic optic disc photographs to their corresponding visual field in only approximately 59% of cases. In most mismatches, the clinicians overestimated the visual field damage.
authors.affiliation: Glaucoma Service, Rotterdam Eye Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Rotterdam Ophthalmic Institute, Rotterdam Eye Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: j.vanderschoot@eyehospital.nl.
authors.forename: Josine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van der Schoot
authors.affiliation: Glaucoma Service, Rotterdam Eye Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Nicolaas J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Reus
authors.affiliation: NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: David F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Garway-Heath
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Ville
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Saarela
authors.affiliation: Glaucoma Department and Research Department, Institut Catala de Retina, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Alfonso
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Anton
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Burgundy, Dijon, France.
authors.forename: Alain M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Bron
authors.affiliation: University Clinic of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Faschinger
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Gábor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Holló
authors.affiliation: Clinica Oculistica, Department of Neurological Sciences, Ophthalmology, and Genetics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iester
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty of the Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Jost B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Jonas
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Fotis
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Topouzis
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Thierry G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Zeyen
authors.affiliation: Glaucoma Service, Rotterdam Eye Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Hans G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Lemij
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D009798:Ocular Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis; D009885:Ophthalmology / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009887:Ophthalmoscopy; D009898:Optic Disk / Q000473:pathology*; D009901:Optic Nerve Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D010781:Photography; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D058609:Visual Field Tests; D014794:Visual Fields / Q000502:physiology*; D044465:White People