title: Conflict control processing in adults with developmental dyslexia: an event related potentials study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study investigated the time course for processing conflict in dyslexic adults using a flanker task.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen dyslexic and 15 control adults performed a flanker task comprising congruent and incongruent trials in which participants had to indicate the direction of targets surrounded by flankers. Early negative potentials associated with orienting of attention (i.e., N1) and conflict monitoring (i.e., N2) and two positive potentials associated with conflict resolution (i.e., P3b and Nogo P3) were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The behavioral data showed differences between incongruent and congruent trials for reaction times in both groups but for error rate only in dyslexics. As in previous studies, controls displayed greater N1, N2 and NoGo P3 as well as a smaller P3b in incongruent trials. Dyslexics lacked N1, N2 and P3b modulation whereas NoGo P3 effect was preserved.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dyslexics showed impairments in conflict monitoring and in some aspects of conflict resolution (i.e., the allocation of attentional resources) whereas other aspects of conflict resolution (i.e., the inhibition) were preserved.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first study to investigate conflict control processing in dyslexic adults using ERPs. Results provide evidence for deficits in orienting of attention, conflict monitoring and allocation of attentional resources in dyslexics.
authors.affiliation: INSERM 1114, Pôle de Psychiatrie, Hôpital Civil de Strasbourg, France. Electronic address: g.mahe@unistra.fr.
authors.forename: Gwendoline
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mahé
authors.affiliation: INSERM 1114, Pôle de Psychiatrie, Hôpital Civil de Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Nadège
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Doignon-Camus
authors.affiliation: LNCA, UMR 7364 UDS-CNRS, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dufour
authors.affiliation: INSERM 1114, Pôle de Psychiatrie, Hôpital Civil de Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bonnefond
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention; D003220:Conflict, Psychological; D004410:Dyslexia / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D008297:Male; D017008:Negotiating; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Conflict monitoring; Conflict resolution; Flanker task; Frontal N2; Frontal NoGo P3; Parietal P3b