title: Perinatal systemic inflammatory responses of growth-restricted preterm newborns.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the early post-natal pattern of systemic inflammation in growth-restricted infants born before the 28th week of gestation to that of appropriately grown peers.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured the concentrations of 25 inflammation-related proteins in blood spots collected from 939 newborns during the first 2 post-natal weeks. We calculated the odds ratios (99% confidence intervals) that concentrations would be in the highest quartile.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Severely growth-restricted infants (birth weight Z-score <-2) were not at increased risk of systemic inflammation shortly after birth. On post-natal day 14, however, they were significantly more likely than their peers to have a CRP, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-8, MCP-4, ICAM-1, ICAM-3, E-SEL, MMP-9, VEGF-R2 and/or IGFBP-1 concentration in the highest quartile. These increased risks could not be attributed to delivery indication, bacteremia or duration of ventilation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Growth-restricted preterm newborns appear to be at increased risk of elevated concentrations of inflammation-associated proteins by post-natal day 14.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. tmcelrath@partners.org
authors.forename: T F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: McElrath
authors.forename: E N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Allred
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Van Marter
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Fichorova
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Leviton
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D059788:Dried Blood Spot Testing; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D016015:Logistic Models; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018746:Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Growth-restricted; IUGR; Inflammation; Neonate; Preterm