title: Phosphate levels as a possible state marker in panic disorder: preliminary study of a feasible laboratory measure for routine clinical practice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Low serum phosphate level is considered one of the metabolic adaptations to the respiratory alkalosis induced by hyperventilation associated with panic disorder. The aim of this study was to assess phosphatemia as a possible state marker for panic disorder.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen panic disorder patients underwent clinical assessment with a semi-structured interview, a set of rating scales and the self-rated State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), as well as extraction of venous blood samples at baseline and after 12 weeks of pharmacological treatment. Ten healthy volunteers of similar sex, age and educational level filled out the STAI and gave blood samples at baseline and 12 weeks later.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median (25th-75th percentiles) of phosphate levels (mg/dl) was 2.68 (2.22-3.18) among patients and 4.13 (3.74-4.70) among healthy volunteers respectively (P < 0.001). Seven (44%) patients and no healthy volunteers presented low serum phosphate (<2.50 mg/dl) at baseline; this patient abnormality was corrected in all cases after successful treatment. At baseline, the age-adjusted correlation between phosphate levels and state-anxiety was -0.66 (P < 0.001) among all 26 participants and -0.51 (P = 0.05) among the 16 panic disorder patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Measurement of phosphate levels could be easily introduced into clinical practice as a possible marker for chronic hyperventilation in panic disorder, although further investigations with larger sample sizes are necessary to characterize panic disorder patients with low versus normal phosphate levels.
authors.affiliation: Psychiatry Service, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Lucía
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pérez-Costillas
authors.forename: M Rosa
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Montes
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Martínez-Ortega
authors.forename: María Dolores
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Carretero
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez-Rojas
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gurpegui
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000379:Agoraphobia / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016584:Panic Disorder / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D010710:Phosphates / Q000097:blood*; D057566:Self Report; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010710:Phosphates
keywords: Anxiety; Hyperventilation; Panic disorder; Phosphate