title: Targeted therapy: tailoring cancer treatment.
abstract: Targeted therapies include small-molecule inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies, have made treatment more tumor-specific and less toxic, and have opened new possibilities for tailoring cancer treatment. Nevertheless, there remain several challenges to targeted therapies, including molecular identification, drug resistance, and exploring reliable biomarkers. Here, we present several selected signaling pathways and molecular targets involved in human cancers including Aurora kinases, PI3K/mTOR signaling, FOXO-FOXM1 axis, and MDM2/MDM4-p53 interaction. Understanding the molecular mechanisms for tumorigenesis and development of drug resistance will provide new insights into drug discovery and design of therapeutic strategies for targeted therapies.
authors.affiliation: Research Department, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Quentin Qiang
authors.initials: QQ
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D064127:Aurora Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D000072278:Forkhead Box Protein M1; D000071316:Forkhead Box Protein O3; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2 / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D064127:Aurora Kinases; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D000072278:Forkhead Box Protein M1; D000071316:Forkhead Box Protein O3; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; C107585:FOXM1 protein, human; C499517:FOXO3 protein, human; C482775:MDM4 protein, human; C497206:MDM2 protein, human; C546842:MTOR protein, human