title: Rapid generation of replication-deficient monovalent and multivalent vaccines for bluetongue virus: protection against virulent virus challenge in cattle and sheep.
abstract: Since 1998, 9 of the 26 serotypes of bluetongue virus (BTV) have spread throughout Europe, and serotype 8 has suddenly emerged in northern Europe, causing considerable economic losses, direct (mortality and morbidity) but also indirect, due to restriction in animal movements. Therefore, many new types of vaccines, particularly subunit vaccines, with improved safety and efficacy for a broad range of BTV serotypes are currently being developed by different laboratories. Here we exploited a reverse genetics-based replication-deficient BTV serotype 1 (BTV-1) (disabled infectious single cycle [DISC]) strain to generate a series of DISC vaccine strains. Cattle and sheep were vaccinated with these viruses either singly or in cocktail form as a multivalent vaccine candidate. All vaccinated animals were seroconverted and developed neutralizing antibody responses to their respective serotypes. After challenge with the virulent strains at 21 days postvaccination, vaccinated animals showed neither any clinical reaction nor viremia. Further, there was no interference with protection with a multivalent preparation of six distinct DISC viruses. These data indicate that a very-rapid-response vaccine could be developed based on which serotypes are circulating in the population at the time of an outbreak.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Cristina C P
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Celma
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boyce
authors.forename: Piet A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: van Rijn
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eschbaumer
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wernike
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Beer
authors.forename: Andy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haegeman
authors.forename: Kris
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: De Clercq
authors.forename: Polly
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Roy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000097:blood; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D001819:Bluetongue / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001820:Bluetongue virus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D016865:Reassortant Viruses / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D012703:Serotyping; D034561:Sheep, Domestic; D022223:Vaccines, Subunit / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D012367:RNA, Viral; D022223:Vaccines, Subunit; D014765:Viral Vaccines