title: Vision and Quality of Life Index: validation of the Indian version using Rasch analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A multi-attribute utility instrument (MAUI) consists of a descriptive system in which the items and responses seek information about a concept of the universe of health-related quality of life (QoL), and responses to these items then are weighted and combined to produce the index. To our knowledge, the 6-item Vision and Quality of Life Index (VisQoL) is the only available vision-related MAUI, developed and validated in Australia, specifically for visually impaired (VI) populations. To our knowledge, the psychometric properties of the VisQoL have not yet been investigated in an Indian VI sample; this was the aim of our study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Indian VisQoL was administered to 349 VI adults face-to-face by a trained interviewer at the Vision Rehabilitation Centres of a tertiary eye care facility, South India. Rasch analysis was used to assess the psychometric properties.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rescoring was necessary for all except one item before ordered thresholds were obtained. All items fit the Rasch model and unidimensionality was confirmed. Person separation was acceptable (2.01), indicating that the instrument can discriminate among three strata of participants" vision-related QoL (VRQoL). The VisQoL items were targeted substantially to the participants" VRQoL (-0.69 logits). One item ("ability to have friendships") demonstrated large differential item functioning by work status; working participants reported the item to be more difficult (-1.13 logits) relative to other items when compared to the nonworking participants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 6-item Indian VisQoL satisfies unidimensional Rasch model expectations in VI patients. Disordering of response categories was evident; replication is required before a common rescoring option should be considered.
authors.affiliation: Meera and L B Deshpande Centre for Sight Enhancement, Vision Rehabilitation Centres, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India. vijayagothwal@gmail.com
authors.forename: Vijaya K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Gothwal
authors.forename: Deepak K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Bagga
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000592:standards*; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: India; Vision and Quality of Life Index; health state; multi-attribute utility instrument (MAUI); vision impairment