title: Anti-epidermal growth factor receptor therapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: focus on potential molecular mechanisms of drug resistance.
abstract: Targeted therapy against the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is one of the most promising molecular therapeutics for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). EGFR is overexpressed in a wide range of malignancies, including HNSCC, and initiates important signal transduction pathways in HNSCC carcinogenesis. However, primary and acquired resistance are serious problems and are responsible for low single-agent response rate and tumor recurrence. Therefore, an improved understanding of the molecular mechanisms of resistance to EGFR inhibitors may provide valuable indications to identify biomarkers that can be used clinically to predict response to EGFR blockade and to establish new treatment options to overcome resistance. To date, no predictive biomarker for HNSCC is available in the clinic. Therapeutic resistance to anti-EGFR therapy may arise from mechanisms that can compensate for reduced EGFR signaling and/or mechanisms that can modulate EGFR-dependent signaling. In this review, we will summarize some of these molecular mechanisms and describe strategies to overcome that resistance.
authors.affiliation: Center for Oncological Research Antwerp, Laboratory of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.
authors.forename: Carolien
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Boeckx
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baay
authors.forename: An
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wouters
authors.forename: Pol
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Specenier
authors.forename: Jan B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Vermorken
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peeters
authors.forename: Filip
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lardon
mesh_terms: D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D063646:Carcinogenesis / Q000235:genetics; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics*; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D066246:ErbB Receptors
keywords: Anti-EGFR therapy; Cetuximab; Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; Intrinsic and acquired resistance