title: Carbon dioxide contrast enhancement for C-arm CT utility for treatment planning during hepatic embolization procedures.
abstract: A pilot study was performed to evaluate the use of carbon dioxide (CO2) as a contrast medium for C-arm computed tomography (CT). C-arm CT using CO2 was performed during embolization procedures in12 patients with hepatic malignancies and severe iodine allergy or high risk for nephrotoxicity. C-arm CT using gadolinium or iodinated contrast medium was performed for comparison. Of segmental arteries identified by conventional contrast enhancement, 96% were also seen with CO2 enhancement, but subsegmental arteries were not reliably depicted. CO2 enhancement identified 60% of tumors. Small, hypovascular, and infiltrative tumors were difficult to detect. CO2 is a promising alternative intraarterial contrast agent for C-arm CT.
authors.affiliation: Division of Interventional Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA. navajo42@gmail.com
authors.forename: Adrian A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Resmi A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Charalel
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Louie
authors.forename: Daniel Y
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Sze
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D003287:Contrast Media; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015641:Radiography, Interventional / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015898:Tomography Scanners, X-Ray Computed; D014283:Triiodobenzoic Acids
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D014283:Triiodobenzoic Acids; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; C064925:gadodiamide; C044834:iodixanol; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA