title: Rare opportunistic mycoses in cats: phaeohyphomycosis and hyalohyphomycosis: ABCD guidelines on prevention and management.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Phaeohyphomycoses and hyalohyphomycoses are rare opportunistic infections acquired from the environment. More cases have been reported in recent years in humans and cats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single or multiple nodules or ulcerated plaques (which may be pigmented) in the skin are the typical lesions. In some cases the infection disseminates or involves the central nervous system (CNS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Diagnosis is based on fungal detection by cytology and/or histology. Culture provides definitive diagnosis and species identification.
  
  
  METHODS
  Treatment involves surgical excision in cases of localised skin disease followed by systemic antifungal therapy, with itraconazole as the agent of first choice. Relapses after treatment are common. Itraconazole and other systemic antifungal agents have been used to treat systemic or neurological cases, but the response is unpredictable. The prognosis is guarded to poor in cats with multiple lesions and systemic or neurological involvement. ZOONOTIC RISK: There is no zoonotic risk associated with contact with infected cats.
authors.affiliation: European Advisory Board on Cat Diseases. Albert.LLoret@uab.cat
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lloret
authors.forename: Katrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hartmann
authors.forename: Maria Grazia
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Pennisi
authors.forename: Lluis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ferrer
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Addie
authors.forename: Sándor
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Belák
authors.forename: Corine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Boucraut-Baralon
authors.forename: Herman
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Egberink
authors.forename: Tadeusz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Frymus
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gruffydd-Jones
authors.forename: Margaret J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Hosie
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lutz
authors.forename: Fulvio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Marsilio
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Möstl
authors.forename: Alan D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Radford
authors.forename: Etienne
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Thiry
authors.forename: Uwe
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Truyen
authors.forename: Marian C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Horzinek
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D002415:Cats; D060605:Hyalohyphomycosis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D009894:Opportunistic Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D060446:Phaeohyphomycosis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents