title: Genetic relatedness, antimicrobial and biocide susceptibility comparative analysis of methicillin-resistant and -susceptible Staphylococcus pseudintermedius from Portugal.
abstract: Forty methicillin-resistant and -susceptible Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP and MSSP, respectively) from colonization and infection in dogs and cats were characterized for clonality, antimicrobial, and biocide susceptibility. MSSP were genetically more diverse than MRSP by multi-locus sequence typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Three different spa types (t06, t02, t05) and two SCCmec types (II-III and V) were detected in the MRSP isolates. All MRSP and two MSSP strains were multidrug-resistant. Several antibiotic resistance genes (mecA, blaZ, tet(M), tet(K), aac(6')-Ie-aph(2')-Ia, aph(3')-III, ant(6)-Ia, sat4, erm(B), lnu(A), dfr(G), and catp(C221)) were identified by microarray and double mutations in the gyrA and grlA genes and a single mutation in the rpoB gene were detected by sequence analysis. No differences were detected between MSSP and MRSP in the chlorhexidine acetate (CHA) minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). However, two MSSP had elevated MIC to triclosan (TCL) and one to benzalkonium chloride and ethidium bromide. One MSSP isolate harboured a qacA gene, while in another a qacB gene was detected. None of the isolates harboured the sh-fabI gene. Three of the biocide products studied had high bactericidal activity (Otodine(®), Clorexyderm Spot Gel(®), Dermocanis Piocure-M(®)), while Skingel(®) failed to achieve a five log reduction in the bacterial counting. S. pseudintermedius have become a serious therapeutic challenge in particular if methicillin- resistance and/or multidrug-resistance are involved. Biocides, like CHA and TCL, seem to be clinically effective and safe topical therapeutic options.
authors.affiliation: 1 Laboratory of Antimicrobial and Biocide Resistance, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Interdisciplinary Centre of Research in Animal Health, Technical University of Lisbon (FMV-UTL) , Lisboa, Portugal .
authors.forename: Natacha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Couto
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Belas
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Couto
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Perreten
authors.forename: Constança
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pomba
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001548:Benzalkonium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D002415:Cats; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002999:Clone Cells; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D004285:Dogs; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D016106:Methicillin Resistance; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D058885:Multilocus Sequence Typing; D009154:Mutation; D010802:Phylogeny; D011174:Portugal; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D013210:Staphylococcus / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D014260:Triclosan / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D001548:Benzalkonium Compounds; D004202:Disinfectants; D014260:Triclosan; D002710:Chlorhexidine