title: Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities of stevioside and steviol on colonic epithelial cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Stevioside is a natural non-caloric sweetener isolated from Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni leaves. We have proposed its effect on attenuation of tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) release in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated monocytes. In this study, the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities of stevioside and its metabolite, steviol, on human colon carcinoma cell line (Caco-2) were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Stevioside and steviol, in the doses used in this study, had no cytotoxicity on Caco-2 cells. Anti-inflammatory activities of these two compounds were observed by potentially suppressed LPS-mediated TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 release. In addition, stevioside and steviol showed immunomodulatory effects on IκBα activation and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) suppression in western blotting.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Stevioside and steviol attenuate LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine productions by affecting cytokine gene expression via IκBα/NF-κB signalling pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Chaiwat
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Boonkaewwan
authors.forename: Anyanee
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Burodom
mesh_terms: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D003106:Colon / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D045786:Diterpenes, Kaurane / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D005960:Glucosides / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015398:Signal Transduction; D036625:Stevia / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D045786:Diterpenes, Kaurane; D005960:Glucosides; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; C000606204:NFKBIA protein, human; D010936:Plant Extracts; C012043:stevioside; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; C012042:steviol
keywords: Caco-2 cells; NF-κB; inflammatory cytokine; steviol; stevioside