title: Psychotic disorder is an independent risk factor for increased fasting glucose and waist circumference.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Psychosis is associated with excess cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with psychotic disorders compared with the population.
  
  
  METHODS
  731 consecutive patients with psychosis recruited from psychiatric outpatient clinics in Stockholm County, Sweden, were compared with 5580 individuals from a population study performed in the same area. The main outcome measures were waist circumference, body mass index (BMI) and fasting glucose.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean waist circumference in patients vs. controls was for males 106 and 94 cm, respectively, and for females 97 and 85 cm, respectively (P < 0.001); mean fasting glucose in patients vs. controls was for males 5.8 and 5.2 mmol/l, respectively, and for females 5.6 and 4.8 mmol/l, respectively (P < 0.001). Comparisons were controlled for differences in age and family history of diabetes. Increased waist circumference was more common in psychotic patients compared with controls (OR = 3.99; 95% CI 3.09-5.15), controlling for fasting insulin, differences in gender, blood pressure, fasting glucose, family history of diabetes, age and tobacco use. Increased fasting blood glucose was also more common in psychotic patients (OR = 2.41; 95% CI 1.84-3.14) controlling for the same factors with the exception of fasting glucose and with the addition of increased waist circumference.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study shows that the psychosis illness per se can be considered as a cardiovascular risk factor, independent of the traditional risk factors such as age and smoking.
authors.affiliation: Urban Ösby M.D., Ph.D., Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , and Department of Psychiatry , Tiohundra AB, Box 905, SE-761 29 Norrtälje , Sweden.
authors.forename: Urban
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Osby
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Olsson
authors.forename: Gunnar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Edman
authors.forename: Agneta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hilding
authors.forename: Sven V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Eriksson
authors.forename: Claes Göran
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Ostenson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000886:Anthropometry / Q000379:methods; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D055105:Waist Circumference / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose