title: Pygidial gland chemistry and potential alarm-recruitment function in column foraging, but not solitary, Nearctic Messor harvesting ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae).
abstract: We investigated the role of the pygidial gland on foraging behavior in two ecologically dominant column foraging Nearctic harvesting ants (Messor pergandei and Messor andrei). Using chemical analyses and behavioral tests, we show that n-tridecane is the major biologically active compound of pygidial gland secretions in both species, and that this chemical functions as a powerful alarm-recruitment pheromone. Another major compound of pygidial gland contents is benzaldehyde; this substance does not release behavioral reactions in M. pergandei workers but might function as a defensive secretion. Six solitary foraging Nearctic Messor and two column foraging Palearctic Messor species, did not have large pygidial gland reservoirs.
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-4501, USA. Bert.Hoelldobler@asu.edu
authors.forename: Bert
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hölldobler
authors.forename: Nicola J R
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Plowes
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Upul
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Nishshanka
authors.forename: Chongming
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Athula B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Attygalle
mesh_terms: D000473:Alkanes / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D001000:Ants / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D005088:Exocrine Glands / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010675:Pheromones / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000473:Alkanes; D010675:Pheromones; C094074:tridecane
keywords: Column formation; Harvester ants; Tergal glands; n-Tridecane