title: Environmental and human risk assessment of landfill leachate: an integrated approach with the use of cytotoxic and genotoxic stress indices in mussel and human cells.
abstract: The present study investigates leachate hazardous effects on marine biota and human cells, with the use of a battery of assays, both under in vivo and in vitro conditions. According to the results, mussels exposed for 4 days to 0.01 and 0.1% (v/v) of leachate showed increased levels of DNA damage and micronuclei (MN) frequencies in their hemocytes. Similarly, enhanced levels of DNA damage were also observed in hemocytes treated in vitro with relevant concentrations of leachate, followed by a significant enhancement of both superoxide anions (O₂(-)) and lipid peroxidation products (malondialdehyde/MDA). On the other hand, human lymphocyte cultures treated with such a low concentrations of leachate (0.1, 0.2 and 1%, v/v), showed increased frequencies of MN formation and large MN size ratio, as well as decreased cell proliferation, as indicated by the use of the cytokinesis block micronucleus (CBMN) assay and Cytokinesis Block Proliferation Index (CBPI) respectively. These findings showed the clear-cut genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of leachate on both cellular types, as well as its potential aneugenic activity in human lymphocytes.
authors.affiliation: Section of Animal Biology, Department of Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of Patras, GR 26500 Patras, Greece.
authors.forename: Eirini
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Toufexi
authors.forename: Vasiliki
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tsarpali
authors.forename: Ioanna
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Efthimiou
authors.forename: Maria-Sophia
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Vidali
authors.forename: Dimitris
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vlastos
authors.forename: Stefanos
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dailianis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049872:Bivalvia / Q000187:drug effects*; D020552:Comet Assay; D048749:Cytokinesis / Q000187:drug effects; D004249:DNA Damage; D006434:Hemocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000737:chemistry; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013997:Time Factors; D064091:Waste Disposal Facilities; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D012997:Solvents; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Genotoxicity; Human lymphocytes; Leachate; Micronuclei; Mussel hemocytes