title: Profiling of the calcitonin-calcitonin receptor axis in primary prostate cancer: clinical implications and molecular correlates.
abstract: Expression of the neuroendocrine peptide calcitonin (CT) and its receptor (CTR) is frequently elevated in prostate cancers (PCs), and activation of the CT-CTR axis in non-invasive PC cells induces an invasive phenotype. We aimed to link CT/CTR expression in prostate specimens to clinicopathological parameters of PC. We analyzed CT and CTR expression in cohorts of benign prostates and primary PCs with/without metastatic disease by immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, we correlated CT/CTR expression with several clinicopathological parameters. CT/CTR immunostaining in benign prostate acini was predominantly localized to basal epithelium. However, this spatial specificity was lost in malignant prostates. PC sections displayed a remarkable increase in cell populations expressing CT/CTR and their staining intensity. Tumors with higher CT/CTR expression consistently displayed metastatic disease and poor clinical outcome. High CT/CTR expression in primary prostate tumors may serve as a prognostic indicator of disease aggressiveness and poor clinical outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Louisiana, College of Pharmacy, Monroe, LA 71291, USA.
authors.forename: Arvind
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thakkar
authors.forename: Irene V
authors.initials: IV
authors.lastname: Bijnsdorp
authors.forename: Albert A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Geldof
authors.forename: Girish V
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Shah
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D002116:Calcitonin / Q000378:metabolism*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D011467:Prostate / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D012372:ROC Curve; D018003:Receptors, Calcitonin / Q000378:metabolism*; D015996:Survival Rate; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018003:Receptors, Calcitonin; D002116:Calcitonin