title: First through Eighth Grade Retention Rates for All 50 States: A New Method and Initial Results.
abstract: How many students repeat a grade each year? How do retention rates vary across states and over time? Despite extensive research on the predictors and consequences of grade retention, there is no systematic way to quantify state-level retention rates; even national estimates rely on imperfect proxy measures. We present a conceptually simple method-based on publicly available data that are routinely collected each year-that describes retention rates at the state and national levels. After describing and validating this method, we employ it to report first through eighth grade public school retention rates for 2002-003 through 2008-09 for the entire country and for each state.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sociology, Minnesota Population Center, University of Minnesota.
authors.forename: John Robert
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Warren
authors.forename: Jim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Saliba