title: Surgical treatment of transposition of great arteries with ventricular septal defect and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction: midterm results.
abstract: Our purpose was to evaluate our single-center experience with the treatment of transposition of the great arteries (TGA) with ventricular septal defect (VSD) and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO). Between 1992 and 2009, 42 patients were operated on. Twenty-three patients underwent the Rastelli operation, 8 patients underwent arterial switch operation (ASO) with associated LVOTO procedures, 4 patients underwent the réparation à l'étage ventriculaire (REV) procedure, 3 patients underwent the Bex/Nikaidoh (BN) procedure, and the Fontan operation was performed in 4 patients. The median age at final operation was 20.7 months (range, 0.3-234). The overall survival rate was 97% (1 early death), with a median follow-up of 8.2 years. There were no differences in survival among the surgical groups. Event-free survival was 100%, 84%, 59%, and 24% at 1, 5, 10, and 15 years of follow-up, respectively, with it being worse in the Rastelli group (P < .0348). The last echocardiography showed good function of the systemic ventricle in all patients; LVOTO pressure gradient greater than 30 mm Hg was observed in 2 patients (5%), and right ventricular outflow tract obstruction (RVOTO) pressure gradient >30 mm Hg was observed in 12 patients (31%). All patients are in sinus rhythm, and 74% of them are without medication. All surgical approaches are safe and show excellent midterm functional outcome. ASO is the best option if the LVOTO is resectable. Intraventricular rerouting (Rastelli or REV) is the method of choice in the majority of patients, but Rastelli has a significant reintervention rate. The BN operation has the potential to minimize utilization of the Fontan operation, which was used in the past if the intracardiac anatomy was unfavorable.
authors.affiliation: German Pediatric Heart Center, Asklepios Clinic Sankt Augustin, Sankt Augustin, Germany.
authors.forename: Katrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Weyand
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Haun
authors.forename: Hedwiga
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Blaschczok
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Goetz-Toussaint
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Photiadis
authors.forename: Nicodème
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sinzobahamvya
authors.forename: Boulos
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Asfour
authors.forename: Viktor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hraska
keywords: Rastelli procedure; aortic root; arterial switch operation; congenital heart disease; ventricular septal defect