title: Five-year fracture risk estimation in patients with Parkinson's disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies have shown that patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) are at increased risk of fractures. However, no specific prediction model for fracture estimation among PD patients is currently available. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a simple score for estimating the 5-year osteoporotic and hip fracture risks among patients with PD.
  
  
  METHODS
  The U.K. Clinical Practice Research Datalink (1987-2011) was used to identify incident PD patients. Cox proportional-hazards models were used to calculate the 5-year risks of osteoporotic and hip fracture among PD patients. The regression model was fitted with various risk factors for fracture and the final Cox model was converted into integer risk scores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 4411 incident PD patients without a history of osteoporotic treatment. The 5-year risks of osteoporotic and hip fracture were plotted in relation to the risk score. Risk scores increased with age, female gender, history of renal disease and history of dementia. The C-statistic, which is a parameter to test the internal validity of the model, was reasonable for the prediction of osteoporotic fracture (0.69) and hip fracture (0.73).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, we developed a simple model to estimate 5-year fracture risk among incident PD patients. It may be useful in daily practice after external validation.
authors.affiliation: Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiteit Utrecht, The Netherlands. s.pouwels@uu.nl
authors.forename: Sander
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pouwels
authors.forename: Marloes T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Bazelier
authors.forename: Anthonius
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Boer
authors.forename: Wim E J
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: C Kees
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Neef
authors.forename: Cyrus
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: de Vries
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D058866:Osteoporotic Fractures / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000453:epidemiology*
keywords: Epidemiology; Fracture; Parkinson's disease; Prevention