title: A proteomic view of the response of Paracoccidioides yeast cells to zinc deprivation.
abstract: Zinc plays a critical role in a diverse array of biochemical processes. However, an excess of zinc is deleterious to cells; therefore, cells require finely tuned homeostatic mechanisms to balance the uptake and the storage of zinc. There is also increasing evidence supporting the importance of zinc during infection. To understand better how Paracoccidioides adapts to zinc deprivation, we compared the two-dimensional (2D) gel protein profile of yeast cells during zinc starvation to yeast cells grown in a zinc rich condition. Protein spots were selected for comparative analysis based on the protein staining intensity, as determined by image analysis. In response to zinc deprivation, a total of 423 out of 845 protein spots showed a significant change in abundance. Quantitative RT-qPCR analysis of RNA from Paracoccidioides grown under zinc restricted conditions validated the correlation between the differentially regulated proteins and transcripts. According to the proteomic data, zinc deficiency may be a stressor to Paracoccidioides, as suggested by the upregulation of a number of proteins related to stress response, cell rescue, and virulence. Other process induced by zinc deprivation included gluconeogenesis. Conversely, the methylcitrate cycle was downregulated. Overall, the results indicate a remodelling of the Paracoccidioides response to the probable oxidative stress induced during zinc deprivation.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Flávia Alves
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Parente
authors.forename: Tereza Cristina Vieira
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: de Rezende
authors.forename: Kelly Pacheco
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: de Castro
authors.forename: Alexandre Melo
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Bailão
authors.forename: Juliana Alves
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Parente
authors.forename: Clayton Luiz
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Borges
authors.forename: Luciano Paulino
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Célia Maria de Almeida
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Soares
mesh_terms: D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D010228:Paracoccidioides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D020543:Proteome / Q000032:analysis*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D015032:Zinc / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005656:Fungal Proteins; D020543:Proteome; D015032:Zinc