title: Effects of splenectomy on hepatic gene expression profiles after massive hepatectomy in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Possible spleno-hepatic relationships affected by hepatectomy still remained unclear. We have previously reported that splenectomy may ameliorate liver injuries and promote appropriate liver regeneration after massive hepatectomy. Therefore, we investigated the effects of splenectomy on the DNA expression profile in the liver after massive hepatectomy in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were divided into the following two groups: 90% hepatectomy (Hx group) and 90% hepatectomy with splenectomy (Hx + Sp group). Rats were sacrificed 3 and 6 h after surgery, and mRNA from liver tissue was isolated and hybridized to Affymetrix GeneChip Rat Genome 230 2.0 Array (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA, USA) and a pathway analysis was done with Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (Ingenuity Systems, Mountain View, CA, USA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We determined the Hx + Sp/Hx ratio to assess the influence of splenectomy, and cut-off values were set at more than 2.0-fold or less than 1/2 (0.5)-fold. Immediate early response gene including early growth response-1 and FBJ murine osteosarcoma-related pathways were markedly downregulated by splenectomy. In contrast, heme oxygenase-1 gene-related pathway was upregulated by splenectomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Splenectomy provided the protective effects for liver failure and promoted liver regeneration, possibly owing to the downregulation of immediate early response genes and upregulation of the heat shock protein, heme oxygenase-1.
authors.affiliation: The Department of Surgery, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Arakawa
authors.forename: Mitsuo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: Tohru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Utsunomya
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Imura
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Morine
authors.forename: Testuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ikemoto
authors.forename: Chie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Takasu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics*; D015536:Down-Regulation; D051766:Early Growth Response Protein 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D006498:Hepatectomy; D008099:Liver / Q000502:physiology*; D008115:Liver Regeneration / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D013154:Spleen / Q000502:physiology*; D013156:Splenectomy; D059467:Transcriptome / Q000235:genetics*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D051766:Early Growth Response Protein 1; C486110:Egr1 protein, rat; C483820:Fosb protein, rat; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D004247:DNA; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1
keywords: early growth response 1; heat shock protein; heme oxygenase-1; hepatectomy; liver regeneration; microarray; reperfusion injury; splenectomy