title: Comparison of percutaneous nephrolithotomy, shock wave lithotripsy, and retrograde intrarenal surgery for lower pole renal calculi 10-20 mm.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the results of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), shock wave lithotripsy (SWL), and retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) for 1- to 2-cm lower pole kidney stones.
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective study was based on data collected from the files of patients between January 2007 and May 2012. The files of 383 patients (221 SWL, 144 PCNL, 38 RIRS) were evaluated. The groups were compared for stone size, success rate, and complication rate using the modified Clavien grading system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The stone burdens of the groups were similar (p = 0.36). The success rates were 76, 94, and 73%, respectively, in SWL, PCNL, and RIRS. The highest stone-free rate was in the PNL group (p < 0.05). When the complication rates were evaluated using the Clavien grading system, they were determined to be 13% in PCNL, 3% in SWL, and 5% in RIRS. Especially GII and GIII complications were more common in the PCNL group (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PCNL seems to be the most successful but most invasive method. However, with relatively low complication rates, SWL and RIRS are other techniques to keep in mind. To determine the first-line treatment, prospective randomized studies with larger series are needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Ankara Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazit Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ufuk
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ozturk
authors.forename: Nevzat Can
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Sener
authors.forename: H N Goksel
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Goktug
authors.forename: Ismail
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nalbant
authors.forename: Adnan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gucuk
authors.forename: M Abdurrahim
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Imamoglu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000601:surgery*; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000601:surgery* / Q000628:therapy*; D008096:Lithotripsy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009403:Nephrostomy, Percutaneous / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult