title: Antithrombin deficiency in three Japanese families: one novel and two reported point mutations in the antithrombin gene.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Inherited antithrombin (AT) deficiency is associated with a predisposition to familial venous thromboembolic disease. We analyzed the AT gene in three unrelated patients with an AT deficiency who developed thrombosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed the SERPINC1 gene in three patients. Additionally, we expressed the three mutants in the COS-1 cells and compared their secretion rates and levels of AT activity with those of the wild-type (WT).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified three distinct heterozygous mutations of c.2534C>T: p.56Arginine → Cysteine (R56C), c.13398C>A: p.459Alanine → Aspartic acid (A459D) and c.2703C>G: p.112 Proline → Arginine (P112R). In the in vitro expression experiments, the AT antigen levels in the conditioned media (CM) of the R56C mutant were nearly equal to those of WT. In contrast, the AT antigen levels in the CM of the A459D and P112R mutants were significantly decreased. The AT activity of R56C was decreased in association with a shorter incubation time in a FXa inhibition assay and a thrombin inhibition-based activity test. However, the AT activity of R56C was comparable to that of WT when the incubation time was increased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We concluded that the R56C mutant is responsible for type II HBS deficiency. We considered that the A459D and P112R mutants can be classified as belonging to the type I AT deficiency.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maruyama
authors.forename: Eriko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Morishita
authors.forename: Megumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karato
authors.forename: Tadaaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kadono
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sekiya
authors.forename: Yukie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: Tomomi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Haruka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nomoto
authors.forename: Wataru
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Omi
authors.forename: Sachie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsuzura
authors.forename: Hidenori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Imai
authors.forename: Hidesaku
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Asakura
authors.forename: Shigeki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ohtake
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D000990:Antithrombin III / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D020152:Antithrombin III Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D001780:Blood Coagulation Tests; D019556:COS Cells; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D017354:Point Mutation; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C542513:SERPINC1 protein, human; D000990:Antithrombin III
keywords: AT; Ala; Alanine; Antithrombin; Antithrombin deficiency; Arg; Arginine; Asp; Aspartic acid; CL; CM; COS-1 cells; Cell lysates; Complementary DNA; Conditioned media; Cys; Cysteine; DVT; Deep vein thrombosis; ELISA; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; FXa; Factor Xa; Green monkey kidney cells; Lys; Lysine; PE; PMSF; Phenylmethyl sulfonylfluoride; Pro; Proline; Pulmonary thromboembolism; RCL; RFLP; Reactive center loop; Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis; Serine protease inhibitor; Type II heparin binding site defects; Type II reactive site defects; Type II with pleiotropic defects; VTE; Venous thromboembolism; WT; Wild-type; cDNA; factor Xa inhibition activity assay; serpin; thrombin inhibition activity assay; type II HBS; type II PE; type II RS