title: [Laparoendoscopic single-site radical nephrectomy for kidney tumor. Surgical technique, cosmetic and postoperative pain control outcomes].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Over the last few years, many urological laparoscopic operations have been successfully performed by LESS. However, the actual role of LESS in the field of minimally invasive urologic surgery remains to be determined with controversial data about postoperative pain control and almost no results on cosmetic data. The aim of the present study is to describe the technique and report the surgical outcomes of LESS radically nephrectomy (RN) in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma with special emphasis for postoperative pain control and almost no results on cosmetic data.
  
  
  METHODS
  LESS-RN was performed in 33 patients with renal tumors. The indications to perform a LESS-RN were represented by renal tumors not greater than T2, and without evidence of lymphadenopathy or renal vein involvement.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Endocone (Karl Storz, Tuttlingen, Germany) was inserted through a transumbilical incision. A combination of standard laparoscopic instruments and bent grasper and scissors was used. The step sequence of LESS-RN was comparable to standard laparoscopic RN. Demographic data and perioperative and postoperative variables were recorded and analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean operative time was 143.7 ± 24.3 min, with a mean estimated blood loss of 122.3 ± 34.1 mL and a mean hospital stay of 3.8 ± 0.8 d. The mean length of skin incision was 4.1 ± 0.6 cm; all patients were discharged from hospital with minimal discomfort, as demonstrated by their pain assessment scores (visual analogue scale: 1.9 ± 0.8). The definitive pathologic results revealed a renal cell carcinoma in all cases and a stage distribution of four T1a, 27 T1b, and 2 T2 tumors. All patients were very satisfied with the appearance of the scars, and at a median follow-up period of 13.2 ± 3.9 mo, all patients were alive without evidence of tumor recurrence or port-site metastasis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LESS is a safe and feasible surgical procedure for RN in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma and has excellent cosmetic results.
authors.affiliation: Clinica Urologica Universitaria e Centro Trapianto di Rene, Universita Martin-Luther Halle, Halle, Germany.
authors.forename: Giovannalberto
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pini
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Veneziano
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Altieri
authors.forename: Antonino
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Inferrera
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fornara
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Greco
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*