title: High-throughput determination of nicotine in plasma by ultrasonication enhanced hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction prior to gas chromatography.
abstract: In high-throughput ultrasonication enhanced hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction (H-U-HF-LPME), ultrasonication was introduced into HF-LPME to enhance the mass transfer rate of the analytes in the two immiscible liquid phases, which resulted in a very short time for extraction equilibrium and a high-throughput analysis. Several parameters were investigated and optimized (such as extraction solvent, temperature of sample, frequency and intensity of ultrasonication, volume of extractant, extraction time, ionic strength of the sample and sample concentration). Based on the results of this study, nicotine was first extracted from a 1.5 mL sample solution under the optimum conditions (ultrasonic power of 50 W with a frequency of 60 kHz, extraction time of 10 min, sodium chloride concentration of 5 mol/L and temperature of 37°C). Next, 0.5 µL of acceptor solution inside the hollow fiber was automatically injected into a gas chromatograph with a flame ionization detector. The results of this study illustrated that the limit of detection, relative standard deviation (n = 6), relative recovery and enrichment factor of nicotine were 0.06 µg/L, 3%, 99.8% and 16.6, respectively. Finally, H-U-HF-LPME was successfully applied for the determination of nicotine in plasma.
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaotian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shumei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, People's Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Hollow Fiber Membrane Materials and Processes, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, People's Republic of China york_guo@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Yugao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Huiru
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Lisheng Chemical Co., Ltd. Tianjin, 300270, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qingsong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guan
mesh_terms: D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D059627:Liquid Phase Microextraction / Q000379:methods*; D009538:Nicotine / Q000097:blood*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D009538:Nicotine