title: Association between physical exercise and quality of erection in men with ischaemic heart disease and erectile dysfunction subjected to physical training.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In addition to a beneficial effect on exercise tolerance and an associated reduction of global cardiovascular risk, modification of physical activity has a positive effect on the quality of life, reducing, among other things, the severity of erectile dysfunction (ED).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The specific nature of sexual activity, which combines the need to maintain appropriate exercise tolerance and good erection quality, prompted us to evaluate the association between exercise tolerance and severity of ED in an intervention group of subjects with ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and ED in the context of cardiac rehabilitation (CR).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 138 men treated invasively for IHD (including 99 treated with percutaneous coronary intervention and 39 treated with coronary artery bypass grafting) who scored 21 or less in the initial IIEF-5 test were investigated. Subjects were randomised into two groups. The study group included 103 subjects (mean age 62.07 ± 8.59 years) who were subjected to a CR cycle. The control group included 35 subjects (mean age 61.43 ± 8.81 years) who were not subjected to any CR. All subjects filled out an initial and final IIEF-5 questionnaire and were evaluated twice with a treadmill exercise test. The CR cycle was carried out for a period of 6 months and included interval endurance training on a cycle ergometer (three times a week) and general fitness exercises and resistance training (twice a week).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The CR cycle in the study group resulted in a statistically significant increase in exercise tolerance (7.15 ± 1.69 vs. 9.16 ± 1.84 METs,p < 0.05) and an increase in erection quality (12.51 ± 5.98 vs. 14.39 ± 6.82, p < 0.05) which was not observed in the control group. A significant effect of age on a progressive decrease in exercise tolerance and erection quality was found in the study group. Exercise tolerance and erection quality were also negatively affected by hypertension and smoking. A significant correlation between exercise tolerance and erection quality prior to the rehabilitation cycle indicates better erection quality in patients with better effort tolerance. The improvement in exercise tolerance did not correlate significantly with initial exercise tolerance or age of the subjects. In contrast, a significantly higher increase in erection quality was observed in younger subjects with the lowest baseline severity of ED.The relative increase in exercise tolerance in the group subjected to CR was significantly higher than the relative increase in erection quality but these two effects were not significantly correlated with each other.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  1. In subjects with IHD and ED, erection quality is significantly correlated with exercise tolerance. 2. Exercise training had a positive effect on both exercise tolerance and erection quality but the size of these two effects was different and they ran independently of each other.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland. dakal@wp.pl
authors.forename: Dariusz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kałka
authors.forename: Zygmunt
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Domagała
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dworak
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Womperski
authors.forename: Lesław
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rusiecki
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Marciniak
authors.forename: Jerzy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Adamus
authors.forename: Witold
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Pilecki
mesh_terms: D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D015444:Exercise; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D017079:Exercise Tolerance; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D010410:Penile Erection; D062645:Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; D010807:Physical Endurance; D016896:Treatment Outcome