title: Innate immune responses in the CNS: role of toll-like receptors, mechanisms, and therapeutic opportunities in multiple sclerosis.
abstract: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), which is considered immune-mediated. Our knowledge of innate immune mechanisms in the CNS and their implications for pathogenesis and treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) are limited, particularly if compared with the body of literature on adaptive immune mechanisms. There is, however, growing understanding of the workings of the innate immune system and accordingly, of its potential role in driving immune-mediated pathology. Such mechanisms will be discussed in this review along with potential therapeutic opportunities. These may require blocking pathogenic innate immunity and in some cases, promoting its protective effects.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Neurology, University of Nottingham, C Floor, South Block, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
authors.forename: Giulio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Podda
authors.forename: Mukanthu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nyirenda
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Crooks
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gran
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology*; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000819:agonists / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors