title: Central auditory maturation and behavioral outcome in children with auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder who use cochlear implants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined cortical auditory development and behavioral outcomes in children with ANSD fitted with cochlear implants (CI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cortical maturation, measured by P1 cortical auditory evoked potential (CAEP) latency, was regressed against scores on the infant toddler meaningful auditory integration scale (IT-MAIS). Implantation age was also considered in relation to CAEP findings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional and longitudinal samples of 24 and 11 children, respectively, with ANSD fitted with CIs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  P1 CAEP responses were present in all children after implantation, though previous findings suggest that only 50-75% of ANSD children with hearing aids show CAEP responses. P1 CAEP latency was significantly correlated with participants' IT-MAIS scores. Furthermore, more children implanted before age two years showed normal P1 latencies, while those implanted later mainly showed delayed latencies. Longitudinal analysis revealed that most children showed normal or improved cortical maturation after implantation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cochlear implantation resulted in measureable cortical auditory development for all children with ANSD. Children fitted with CIs under age two years were more likely to show age-appropriate CAEP responses within six months after implantation, suggesting a possible sensitive period for cortical auditory development in ANSD. That CAEP responses were correlated with behavioral outcome highlights their clinical decision-making utility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA.
authors.forename: Garrett
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cardon
authors.forename: Anu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sharma
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001301:Audiometry, Pure-Tone; D001303:Auditory Cortex / Q000254:growth & development / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001306:Auditory Pathways / Q000503:physiopathology; D001307:Auditory Perception; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior; D002657:Child Development; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019929:Cochlear Implantation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D003054:Cochlear Implants; D012048:Correction of Hearing Impairment / Q000379:methods*; D005072:Evoked Potentials, Auditory; D005260:Female; D006313:Hearing Loss, Central / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D018730:Infant Behavior; D008297:Male; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity; D019986:Persons with Hearing Disabilities / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D011930:Reaction Time; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome