title: [Future drug targets for Parkinson's disease].
abstract: Parkinson's disease is characterized by a triad of cardinal motor symptoms (bradykinesia, rigidity and tremor) resulting from the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. This synucleinopathy is classified in the larger group of Lewy body disorders. Currently, these symptoms are relatively well alleviated by drugs that restore dopaminergic neurotransmission, andlor by deep brain stimulation. It is not yet possible to halt the underlying degeneration, or to treat symptoms due to non-dopaminergic neuron damage. This review examines the mechanisms of neuronal degeneration in Parkinson's disease, new targets for neuroprotection, and the mechanisms causing symptoms resistant to current treatments.
authors.affiliation: INSERM UMR 975, CNRS UMR 7225, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 06, Institut du cerveau et de la moelle épinière, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris. etienne.hirsch@upmc.fr
authors.forename: Etienne C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Hirsch
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity; D000818:Animals; D000978:Antiparkinson Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D016923:Cell Death; D059329:Cholinergic Neurons / Q000473:pathology; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation; D018491:Dopamine Agonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D059290:Dopaminergic Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D005544:Forecasting; D000882:Haplorhini; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D051379:Mice; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D009410:Nerve Degeneration / Q000503:physiopathology; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000628:therapy; D020734:Parkinsonian Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D000099236:Solute Carrier Family 11, Member 2
chemical_list: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins; D018491:Dopamine Agonists; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D000099236:Solute Carrier Family 11, Member 2