title: Bone ingrowth and initial stability of titanium and porous tantalum dental implants: a pilot canine study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate if a dental implant system with a midsection covered by 3-dimensionally porous tantalum material would exhibit stability comparable with a traditional threaded titanium alloy implant system and whether bone would grow into the porous section.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three experimental and 3 control implants were placed in the individual mandibles of 8 dogs. Resonance frequency analysis assessed implant stability at 0, 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks of healing. Histomorphometric and backscattered scanning electron microscopic analyses examined the presence of bone ingrowth into the experimental implant's porous section and bone-to-implant contact along the titanium surfaces of both implants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Implant stability did not significantly differ during 0 to 12 weeks of healing. Progressive tissue mineralization developed inside porous sections from weeks 2 to 12. Porous implants exhibited a combination of progressive osseointegration along their titanium surfaces and bone ingrowth inside their porous tantalum sections.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cortical and apical implant threads, combined with the porous section, were able to stabilize the experimental implant to the same degree as the fully threaded control implant.
authors.affiliation: Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. kim.2508@osu.edu
authors.forename: Do-Gyoon
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sarandeep S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Huja
authors.forename: Boon Ching
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Tee
authors.forename: Peter E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.forename: Kelly S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.forename: Hua-Hong
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Chien
authors.forename: Jin Whan
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hai Bo
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Wen
mesh_terms: D000497:Alloys; D000818:Animals; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000737:chemistry*; D045662:Dental Etching / Q000379:methods; D015921:Dental Implants; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D017268:Dental Prosthesis Retention; D004285:Dogs; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000601:surgery; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000502:physiology*; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D010865:Pilot Projects; D016062:Porosity; D013499:Surface Properties; D013635:Tantalum / Q000737:chemistry*; D013997:Time Factors; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D020390:Tooth Socket / Q000601:surgery; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; D003722:Dental Alloys; D015921:Dental Implants; D003764:Dental Materials; C031462:titanium alloy (TiAl6V4); D013635:Tantalum; D017886:Durapatite; D014025:Titanium