title: Use of vitamin D supplements during infancy in an international  feeding trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the use of vitamin D supplements during infancy among the participants in an international infant feeding trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Longitudinal study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Information about vitamin D supplementation was collected through a validated FFQ at the age of 2 weeks and monthly between the ages of 1 month and 6 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  Infants (n 2159) with a biological family member affected by type 1 diabetes and with increased human leucocyte antigen-conferred susceptibility to type 1 diabetes from twelve European countries, the USA, Canada and Australia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Daily use of vitamin D supplements was common during the first 6 months of life in Northern and Central Europe (>80% of the infants), with somewhat lower rates observed in Southern Europe (> 60%). In Canada, vitamin D supplementation was more common among exclusively breast-fed than other infants (e.g., 71% v. 44% at 6 months of age). Less than 2% of infants in the U.S.A. and Australia received any vitamin D supplementation. Higher gestational age, older maternal age and longer maternal education were study-wide associated with greater use of vitamin D supplements.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most of the infants received vitamin D supplements during the first 6 months of life in the European countries, whereas in Canada only half and in the U.S.A. and Australia very few were given supplementation.
authors.forename: Eveliina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lehtonen
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ormisson
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nucci
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cuthbertson
authors.forename: Susa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sorkio
authors.forename: Mila
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hyytinen
authors.forename: Kirsi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Alahuhta
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Berseth
authors.forename: Marja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salonen
authors.forename: Shayne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Taback
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Franciscus
authors.forename: Teba
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: González-Frutos
authors.forename: Tuuli E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Korhonen
authors.forename: Margaret L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Lawson
authors.forename: Dorothy J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: Jeffrey P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Krischer
authors.forename: Mikael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Knip
authors.forename: Suvi M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Virtanen
mesh_terms: D001942:Breast Feeding; D002170:Canada; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D016015:Logistic Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D064167:Recommended Dietary Allowances; D014481:United States; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D