title: Manual khalifa therapy in patients with completely ruptured anterior cruciate ligament in the knee: first results from near-infrared spectroscopy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Manual Khalifa therapy has been practiced in Hallein, Austria, for more than 30 years; however, there are no scientific results available on the topic.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The goal of the present study was to investigate possible acute effects of Khalifa therapy on regional oxygen saturation of knee tissues in patients with completely ruptured anterior cruciate ligament.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated 10 male patients (mean age ± standard deviation (SD) 35.9 ± 6.1 year) using a four-channel oximeter. The sensors were applied anterolaterally and anteromedially, beside the patella, on both the injured and the healthy (control) knee.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of the controlled study showed that values of oxygen saturation on the knee with the ruptured ligament were significantly increased (P < 0.001) immediately after Khalifa therapy, whereas the values on the control knee showed insignificant increases. Baselines values of the anterolateral side of the injured knee were significantly (P < 0.001) different from those of the anterolateral side of the control knee. The same effect was present on the anteromedial side; however, with a lower degree of significance (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Khalifa therapy was clinically successful in all 10 patients. Further, investigations and analyzes are necessary to explain the underlying mechanism.
authors.affiliation: Stronach Research Unit for Complementary and Integrative Laser Medicine, Research Unit of Biomedical Engineering in Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine and TCM Research Center Graz, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Litscher
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ofner
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Litscher
keywords: Anterior cruciate ligament; Khalifa therapy; Metabolism; Near-infrared spectroscopy; Regional oxygen saturation