title: Ionizing-radiation induced DNA double-strand breaks: a direct and indirect lighting up.
abstract: The occurrence of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) induced by ionizing radiation has been extensively studied by biochemical or cell imaging techniques. Cell imaging development relies on technical advances as well as our knowledge of the cell DNA damage response (DDR) process. The DDR involves a complex network of proteins that initiate and coordinate DNA damage signaling and repair activities. As some DDR proteins assemble at DSBs in an established spatio-temporal pattern, visible nuclear foci are produced. In addition, post-translational modifications are important for the signaling and the recruitment of specific partners at damaged chromatin foci. We briefly review here the most widely used methods to study DSBs. We also discuss the development of indirect methods, using reporter expression or intra-nuclear antibodies, to follow the production of DSBs in real time and in living cells.
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1331, Université de Toulouse, TOXALIM (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), F-31027 Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vignard
authors.forename: Gladys
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mirey
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Salles
mesh_terms: D053903:DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded / Q000528:radiation effects*; D004260:DNA Repair; D006801:Humans; D011839:Radiation, Ionizing
keywords: Biomarker; DDR; DNA Double-Strand Break; DNA damage; DNA damage response; DNA repair; DNA single-strand break; DNA-PKcs; DSB; Double-strand break; Gamma rays; HR; IR; IRIF; LET; Linear Energy Transfer; MRE11–RAD50–NBS1 complex; MRN; NCO; NHEJ; PARP; PFGE; PI3K; Radiation; Radiation dosage; Radiosensitivity; SSB; base-pair; bp; catalytic subunit of the DNA-dependent protein kinase; homologous recombination; ionizing radiation; ionizing radiation induced foci; non-homologous end-joining; noncrossover; phosphoinositide 3-kinase; poly ADP ribose polymerase; pulse field gel electrophoresis; single-stranded DNA; ssDNA