title: Fungal hyphae stimulate bacterial degradation of 2,6-dichlorobenzamide (BAM).
abstract: Introduction of specific degrading microorganisms into polluted soil or aquifers is a promising remediation technology provided that the organisms survive and spread in the environment. We suggest that consortia, rather than single strains, may be better suited to overcome these challenges. Here we introduced a fungal-bacterial consortium consisting of Mortierella sp. LEJ702 and the 2,6-dichlorobenzamide (BAM)-degrading Aminobacter sp. MSH1 into small sand columns. A more rapid mineralisation of BAM was obtained by the consortium compared to MSH1 alone especially at lower moisture contents. Results from quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) demonstrated better spreading of Aminobacter when Mortierella was present suggesting that fungal hyphae may stimulate bacterial dispersal. Extraction and analysis of BAM indicated that translocation of the compound was also affected by the fungal hyphae in the sand. This suggests that fungal-bacterial consortia are promising for successful bioremediation of pesticide contamination.
authors.affiliation: Department of Geochemistry, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark. bekn@geus.dk
authors.forename: Berith Elkær
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Knudsen
authors.forename: Lea
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ellegaard-Jensen
authors.forename: Christian Nyrop
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Albers
authors.forename: Søren
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rosendahl
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aamand
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D001549:Benzamides / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D004787:Environmental Pollution; D060587:Groundwater; D025301:Hyphae; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D014871:Water Microbiology
chemical_list: D001549:Benzamides; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D010575:Pesticides; C057454:2,6-dichlorobenzamide
keywords: 2,6-dichlorobenzamide (BAM); Bacterial dispersal; Consortium; Fungal–bacterial interactions; Pesticide biodegradation