title: 4-Hydroxynonenal in the pathogenesis and progression of human diseases.
abstract: Metastable aldehydes produced by lipid peroxidation act as 'toxic second messengers' that extend the injurious potential of free radicals. 4-hydroxy 2-nonenal (HNE), a highly toxic and most abundant stable end product of lipid peroxidation, has been implicated in the tissue damage, dysfunction, injury associated with aging and other pathological states such as cancer, Alzheimer, diabetes, cardiovascular and inflammatory complications. Further, HNE has been considered as a oxidative stress marker and it act as a secondary signaling molecule to regulates a number of cell signaling pathways. Biological activity of HNE depends on its intracellular concentration, which can differentially modulate cell death, growth and differentiation. Therefore, the mechanisms responsible for maintaining the intracellular levels of HNE are most important, not only in the defense against oxidative stress but also in the pathophysiology of a number of disease processes. In this review, we discussed the significance of HNE in mediating various disease processes and how regulation of its metabolism could be therapeutically effective.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas -77555, USA. kvramana@utmb.edu.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shoeb
authors.forename: Naseem H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Ansari
authors.forename: Satish K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.forename: Kota V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Ramana
mesh_terms: D000447:Aldehydes / Q000378:metabolism*; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000447:Aldehydes; C027576:4-hydroxy-2-nonenal