title: Protein serine/threonine Phosphotase-2A is differentially expressed and regulates eye development in vertebrates.
abstract: Protein serine/threonine phosphatase-2A (PP-2A) is one of the key enzymes responsible for dephosphorylation in vertebrates. PP-2A-mediated dephosphorylation participates in many different biological processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, transformation, apoptosis, autophage and senescence. However, whether PP-2A directly controls animal development remains to be explored. Here, we present direct evidence to show that PP-2A displays important functions in regulating eye development of vertebrates. Using goldfish as a model system, we have demonstrated the following novel information. First, inhibition of PP-2A activity leads to significant death of the treated embryos, which is derived from blastomere apoptosis associated with enhanced phosphorylation of Bcl-XL at Ser-62, and the survived embryos displayed severe phenotype in the eye. Second, knockdown of PP-2A with morpholino oligomers leads to significant death of the injected embryos. The survived embryos from PP-2A knockdown displayed clear retardation in lens differentiation. Finally, overexpression of each catalytic subunit of PP-2A also causes death of majority of the injected embryos and leads to absence of goldfish eye lens or severely disturbed differentiation. Together, our results provide direct evidence that protein phosphatase-2A is important for normal eye development in goldfish.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Development Biology of National Education Department, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.
authors.forename: W-B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: X-H
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: X-W
authors.initials: XW
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: M-X
authors.initials: MX
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nie
authors.forename: S-S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Hui
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: W-F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Z-X
authors.initials: ZX
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.forename: T-T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: S-J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: D W-C
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020134:Catalytic Domain / Q000235:genetics; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D005123:Eye / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006054:Goldfish; D008297:Male; D060172:Morpholinos / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D019319:Okadaic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D009928:Organ Specificity / Q000235:genetics; D038081:Organogenesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D054648:Protein Phosphatase 2 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D021122:Protein Subunits / Q000235:genetics; D014714:Vertebrates
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D060172:Morpholinos; D021122:Protein Subunits; D019319:Okadaic Acid; D054648:Protein Phosphatase 2