title: Perception of conserved pathogen elicitors at the plasma membrane leads to relocalization of the Arabidopsis PEN3 transporter.
abstract: The Arabidopsis penetration resistance 3 (PEN3) ATP binding cassette transporter participates in nonhost resistance to fungal and oomycete pathogens and is required for full penetration resistance to the barley powdery mildew Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei. PEN3 resides in the plasma membrane and is recruited to sites of attempted penetration by invading fungal appressoria, where the transporter shows strong focal accumulation. We report that recruitment of PEN3 to sites of pathogen detection is triggered by perception of pathogen-associated molecular patterns, such as flagellin and chitin. PEN3 recruitment requires the corresponding pattern recognition receptors but does not require the BAK1 coreceptor. Pathogen- and pathogen-associated molecular pattern-induced focal accumulation of PEN3 and the penetration resistance 1 (PEN1) syntaxin show differential sensitivity to specific pharmacological inhibitors, indicating distinct mechanisms for recruitment of these defense-associated proteins to the host-pathogen interface. Focal accumulation of PEN3 requires actin but is not affected by inhibitors of microtubule polymerization, secretory trafficking, or protein synthesis, and plasmolysis experiments indicate that accumulation of PEN3 occurs outside of the plasma membrane within papillae. Our results implicate pattern recognition receptors in the recruitment of defense-related proteins to sites of pathogen detection. Additionally, the process through which PEN3 is recruited to the host-pathogen interface is independent of new protein synthesis and BFA-sensitive secretory trafficking events, suggesting that existing PEN3 is redirected through an unknown trafficking pathway to sites of pathogen detection for export into papillae.
authors.affiliation: Energy Biosciences Institute and Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Underwood
authors.forename: Shauna C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Somerville
mesh_terms: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000378:metabolism*; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D021381:Protein Transport
chemical_list: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; C510424:PDR8 protein, Arabidopsis
keywords: PAMP-triggered immunity; focal protein accumulation; plant; vesicle