title: Frequency and risk factors of workplace violence on psychiatric nurses and its impact on their quality of life in China.
abstract: This study examined the frequency of violence on nurses in Chinese psychiatric hospitals and explored its risk factors and impact on nurses' quality of life (QOL). A survey was conducted with 387 frontline psychiatric nurses in China. Information about experience of workplace violence in the past 6 months, type of workplace violence, and demographic characteristics was collected by a questionnaire. Altogether 319 (82.4%) of 387 nurses reported having experienced at least one type of violent event in the past 6 months. The prevalence of sexual assault, physical and verbal harassment was 18.6%, 61.5% and 78.6%, respectively. Compared to those with no exposure to violence, nurses who were exposed to violence had lower QOL in both the physical and mental domains. Significant predictors of violence against nurses are male sex, receiving college level or higher education and working on rotating duty were independently associated with high risk of violence. Workplace violence against psychiatric nurses commonly occurs in China. Considering the deleterious effects of violence, comprehensive strategies from the perspective of nursing education and training, organizational policy, patient care and staff support are recommended to promote occupational safety in psychiatric settings in China.
authors.affiliation: Shenzhen Institute of Mental Health, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital & Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, China; Department of Psychiatry, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: Jiao-Ying
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Feng-Rong
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: An
authors.forename: Yu-Tao
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.forename: Yun-Ke
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.forename: Gabor S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Ungvari
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Newhouse
authors.forename: Doris S F
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Kelly Y C
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Liu-Yang
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Yan-Ming
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Wai-Kwong
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Ping-Ping
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Zhi-Jiaolong
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: Helen F K
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Chiu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000374:Aggression / Q000523:psychology; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006778:Hospitals, Psychiatric / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D028642:Persons with Psychiatric Disorders / Q000523:psychology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016272:Occupational Health; D015995:Prevalence; D011568:Psychiatric Nursing; D011788:Quality of Life; D012307:Risk Factors; D017406:Sexual Harassment / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D017132:Workplace / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000523:psychology; D064450:Workplace Violence / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
keywords: Psychiatric hospitals; Psychiatric nursing; Quality of life; Workplace violence