title: Bifurcated structure of the electron diffusion region in three-dimensional magnetic reconnection.
abstract: Three-dimensional kinetic simulations of magnetic reconnection reveal that the electron diffusion region is composed of two or more current sheets in regimes with weak magnetic shear angles ϕ≲80°. This new morphology is explained by oblique tearing modes which produce flux ropes while simultaneously driving enhanced current at multiple resonance surfaces. This physics persists into the nonlinear regime leading to multiple electron layers embedded within a larger Alfvénic inflow and outflow. Surprisingly, the thickness of these layers and the reconnection rate both remain comparable to two-dimensional models. The parallel electric fields are supported predominantly by the electron pressure tensor and electron inertia, while turbulent dissipation remains small.
authors.affiliation: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.
authors.forename: Yi-Hsin
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Daughton
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Karimabadi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Roytershteyn