title: Dominant inheritance of field-evolved resistance to Bt corn in Busseolafusca.
abstract: Transgenic crops expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins have been adopted worldwide, notably in developing countries. In spite of their success in controlling target pests while allowing a substantial reduction of insecticide use, the sustainable control of these pest populations is threatened by the evolution of resistance. The implementation of the "high dose/refuge" strategy for managing insect resistance in transgenic crops aims at delaying the evolution of resistance to Bt crops in pest populations by promoting survival of susceptible insects. However, a crucial condition for the "high dose/refuge" strategy to be efficient is that the inheritance of resistance should be functionally recessive. Busseolafusca developed high levels of resistance to the Bt toxin Cry 1Ab expressed in Bt corn in South Africa. To test whether the inheritance of B. fusca resistance to the Bt toxin could be considered recessive we performed controlled crosses with this pest and evaluated its survival on Bt and non-Bt corn. Results show that resistance of B. fusca to Bt corn is dominant, which refutes the hypothesis of recessive inheritance. Survival on Bt corn was not lower than on non-Bt corn for both resistant larvae and the F1 progeny from resistant × susceptible parents. Hence, resistance management strategies of B. fusca to Bt corn must address non-recessive resistance.
authors.affiliation: Unité de Recherche IRD 072, CNRS UPR9034, Laboratoire Evolution, Génome et Spéciation, Gif-sur-yvette, France. campagne@aesop.rutgers.edu
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Campagne
authors.forename: Marlene
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kruger
authors.forename: Rémy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pasquet
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Le Ru
authors.forename: Johnnie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Van den Berg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000083722:Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D003433:Crosses, Genetic; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000235:genetics*; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005260:Female; D005799:Genes, Dominant; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions / Q000235:genetics; D007305:Insecticide Resistance / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009036:Moths / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D011679:Pupa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D003313:Zea mays / Q000235:genetics* / Q000469:parasitology
chemical_list: D000083722:Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004731:Endotoxins; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; D007306:Insecticides; C030956:insecticidal crystal protein, Bacillus Thuringiensis