title: Involvement of ER-α36 in the malignant growth of gastric carcinoma cells is associated with GRP94 overexpression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to examine the involvement of glucose-regulated protein 94 (GRP94) in oestrogen receptor-α36 (ER-α36)-mediated oestrogen signalling in gastric cancer development.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 130 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded gastric tumour samples with corresponding normal gastric and tumour-adjacent tissues were used. High levels of GRP94 expression (2+ or 3+) were observed in 109 of 130 gastric carcinomas (83.85%) by immunohistochemistry, and in 13 of 18 tumour specimens (72.22%) with Western blot analysis. GRP94 expression was correlated positively with gender, tumour stage, lymph node metastasis and ER-α36 expression (P < 0.05). Oestrogen treatment up-regulated both GRP94 and ER-α36 expression in gastric cancer SGC7901 cells. In addition, steady state levels of GRP94 protein were decreased in established gastric cancer SGC7901 cells with knocked-down levels of ER-α36 expression and in xenograft tumours formed by these cells. Forced expression of recombinant ER-α36 in SGC7901 cells, however, up-regulated the levels of GRP94 expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Glucose-regulated protein 94 is a downstream effector of ER-α36-mediated oestrogen signalling, and may be involved in ER-α36 function during gastric carcinogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China; Jiangda Pathology Institute, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Zhengqi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Xuming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xiuping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Zhaoyi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Lijiang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D063646:Carcinogenesis; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D064593:Heterografts; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: C506487:ESR1 protein, human; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; C053387:endoplasmin
keywords: gastric cancer; glucose-regulated protein 94; oestrogen receptor-α36; oestrogen signalling