title: Refractoriness to exercise challenge: a review of the mechanisms old and new.
abstract: This article discusses the available literature on refractoriness in exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, namely, a decrease in airway responsiveness with repeated exercise challenges. The mechanisms of this naturally occurring protective feature is unknown. Reviewing previous studies together with findings in more recent studies, the authors propose desensitization of the G protein-coupled cysteinyl leukotriene receptor1 as the mechanism of refractoriness and that this desensitization occurs as a result of interplay between leukotrienes and prostaglandins.
authors.affiliation: Lung and Allergy Research, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, M53, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden. Johan.Larsson@ki.se
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Larsson
authors.forename: Sandra D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Sven-Erik
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Dahlén
authors.forename: Barbro
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dahlén
mesh_terms: D001250:Asthma, Exercise-Induced / Q000209:etiology*; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000378:metabolism; D015444:Exercise; D006801:Humans; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011453:Prostaglandins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002395:Catecholamines; D009479:Neuropeptides; D011453:Prostaglandins
keywords: Asthma; Exercise; Leukotriene; Prostaglandin; Refractoriness