title: [Risk factors and prevalence of HPV infection in patients from Basic Health Units of an University Hospital in Southern Brazil].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the HPV prevalence and genotypes and to identify factors associated with infection in pregnant and non-pregnant women with positive or negative HIV-1, treated in Gynecology and Obstetrics Ambulatories and in Health Primary Units, in Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cervical cells samples from 302 patients were analyzed for HPV presence and genotypes were determined by nested and sequencing polymerase chain reaction. We calculated prevalence ratios associated with the studied variables by Fisher's exact or χ² tests, and Poisson's regression. Women with insufficient material were excluded from the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HPV was detected in 55 of the 302 women included in the study (18.2%); of these, 31 were pregnant, showing a significant association for HPV (p=0.04) when compared to non-pregnant ones. Risk factors for the infection were: patients aged <20 years-old (p=0.04), early initiation of sexual life (p=0.04), absence of cytological test (p=0.01), diagnosis of altered cytology (p=0.001), and counting <349 cells/mm³ (p=0.05). However, multi-parity was found to be a protective factor for the infection (p=0.01). Multivariate analysis showed that age <20 years-old (PR=2.8; 95%CI 1.0 - 7.7, p=0.04) and an altered cytological result (PR=11.1; 95%CI 3.0 - 4.1, p=0.001) were significantly associated with infection. HPV genotype was determined in 47 samples (85.4%) presenting one genotype per infection: eight HPV 16 and 58; six HPV 6; four HPV 18 and 33; three HPV 53 and 82; two HPV 83 and 61; one HPV 31, 35, 45, 64, 68, 71 and 85.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of HPV detection was 18.2%, the most frequent genotypes were 16 and 58, and sociodemographic and gynecological factors were associated with viral infection.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande – FURG – Rio Grande RS, Brasil.
authors.forename: Gisele Rodrigues
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.forename: Valdimara Corrêa
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.forename: Maria Fernanda Martínez
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Barral
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Döwich
authors.forename: Marcelo Alves
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.forename: Carla Vitola
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Conçalves
authors.forename: Ana Maria Barral
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: de Martinez
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001938:Brazil; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000235:genetics; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult