title: Expression of cyclooxygenase-2, 12-lipoxygenase, and inducible nitric oxide synthase in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to investigate whether cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) have a role in carcinogenesis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two patients with HNSCC were included in the study. Cancer tissues and adjacent normal mucosa were obtained from each patient. Real-time PCR was used to assess the expression of COX-2, 12-LOX, and iNOS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  COX-2 and 12-LOX mRNA expressions are significantly increased in HNSCC compared with adjacent normal mucosa. Expression of iNOS was not significantly elevated in overall head and neck cancer tissues compared with normal mucosa. However, iNOS expression was found to be significantly elevated in patients with laryngeal cancer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that COX-2 and 12-LOX may play a role in carcinogenesis of head and neck cancer. iNOS as well as COX-2 and 12-LOX may play a role in carcinogenesis of laryngeal cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Gaziantep University Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep, Turkey. facelenk@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Fatih
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Celenk
authors.forename: Ismet
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bayramoglu
authors.forename: Akin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.forename: Adnan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Menevse
authors.forename: Yildirim
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bayazit
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001092:Arachidonate 12-Lipoxygenase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000201:enzymology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology*; D006801:Humans; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D000077195:Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D001092:Arachidonate 12-Lipoxygenase; C496319:NOS2 protein, human; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2