title: Job stress and mortality in older age.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper aims to assess the relationship between the determinants of the psychosocial work environment, as expressed in terms of JDC or ERI models, and all-cause mortality in older individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  The baseline study was conducted on a cohort comprising a random sample of 65-year-old community-dwelling citizens of Kraków, Poland. All of the 727 participants (410 women, 317 men) were interviewed in their households in the period between 2001 and 2003; a structured questionnaire was used regarding their occupational activity history, which included indexes measuring particular dimensions of their psychosocial work environment based on Karasek's Job Demand-Control model and Siegrist's Effort-Reward Imbalance model, as well as health-related quality of life and demographic data. Mortality was ascertained by monitoring City Vital Records for 7 years. Analyses were conducted separately for men and women, with the multivariate Cox proportional hazard model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During a 7-year follow-up period, 59 participants (8.1%) died, including 21 women (5.1% of total women) and 38 men (12%) (p < 0.05). Significant differences in the number of deaths occurred regarding disproportion between physical demands and control in men: those with low physical demands and low control died three times more often than those with high control, regardless of the level of demands. The multivariate Cox proportional hazard model showed that significantly higher risk of death was observed only in men with low physical demands and low control, compared to those with low physical demands and high control (Exp(B) = 4.65, 95% CI: 1.64-13.2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Observed differences in mortality patterns are similar to the patterns of relationships observed in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) level at the beginning of old age; however, the relationship between efforts and rewards or demands and control and mortality was not fully confirmed.
authors.affiliation: Chair of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland, mytobias@cyf-kr.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Beata
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tobiasz-Adamczyk
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brzyski
authors.forename: Marzena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Florek
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brzyska
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D004651:Employment / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008297:Male; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000401:mortality*; D005082:Physical Exertion; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D017009:Professional Autonomy; D012456:Salaries and Fringe Benefits; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000401:mortality*; D016526:Workload / Q000523:psychology*