title: Antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory activities and toxicology of phenylethanoid glycosides from Monochasma savatieri Franch. ex Maxim.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Monochasma savatieri Franch. ex Maxim is used for treating many diseases in Traditional Chinese Medicine.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study was designed to evaluate antibacterial, anti-inflammatory activities and toxicity of the total phenylethanoid glycosides from Monochasma savatieri Franch. ex Maxim (TPG).
  
  
  METHODS
  The antibacterial activity of TPG was checked by MIC and MBC in vitro; survival of mice with Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Staphylococcus aureus infection-induced sepsis was investigated to evaluate antibacterial activity of TPG in vivo. Additionally, antibacterial activities of TPG were also investigated in a Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection-induced pneumonia in the mice model. Cotton pellet induced granuloma and xylene induced ear swelling in mice models were used to quantify the anti-inflammatory activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TPG showed a significant possess bacteriostatic properties against five bacteria strains at a concentration between 0.0625 and 16 mg/ml. Moreover, TPG has bactericidal activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumoniae or Escherichia coli. TPG (60, 120, and 180 mg/kg) prolonged survival rate of mice with Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Staphylococcus aureus infection-induced sepsis. In addition, TPG (180 mg/kg) could reduce the bacterial colony-forming units in lung tissue. Furthermore, TPG (60-180 mg/kg) had significantly reduced xylene-induced ear edema and granulomat formation induced by cotton pellet at a dose-dependent manner. In addition, administration of TPG (1.5 g/kg) for 15 days did not result in toxicities in liver, kidney, spleen and thymus tissue in rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicated that TPG might be useful for the development of a novel treatment for respiratory infections or pneumonia caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Staphylococcus aureus.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
authors.forename: Yan-li
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Wen-jun
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mo
authors.forename: Meng-fan
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Ying-ying
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Shu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Xiao-ran
authors.initials: XR
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Qiong-ming
authors.initials: QM
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Shi-lin
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D004487:Edema / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006027:Glycosides / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006099:Granuloma / Q000188:drug therapy; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008516:Medicine, Chinese Traditional; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D031670:Orobanchaceae; D008517:Phytotherapy; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D011552:Pseudomonas Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018805:Sepsis / Q000188:drug therapy; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D006027:Glycosides
keywords: Anti-inflammatory; Antimicrobial; Monochasma savatieri Franch. ex Maxim; Phenylethanoid glycosides; Toxicology