title: Functional impact of Aurora A-mediated phosphorylation of HP1γ at serine 83 during cell cycle progression.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous elegant studies performed in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe have identified a requirement for heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) for spindle pole formation and appropriate cell division. In mammalian cells, HP1γ has been implicated in both somatic and germ cell proliferation. High levels of HP1γ protein associate with enhanced cell proliferation and oncogenesis, while its genetic inactivation results in meiotic and mitotic failure. However, the regulation of HP1γ by kinases, critical for supporting mitotic progression, remains to be fully characterized.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We report for the first time that during mitotic cell division, HP1γ colocalizes and is phosphorylated at serine 83 (Ser83) in G2/M phase by Aurora A. Since Aurora A regulates both cell proliferation and mitotic aberrations, we evaluated the role of HP1γ in the regulation of these phenomena using siRNA-mediated knockdown, as well as phosphomimetic and nonphosphorylatable site-directed mutants. We found that genetic downregulation of HP1γ, which decreases the levels of phosphorylation of HP1γ at Ser83 (P-Ser83-HP1γ), results in mitotic aberrations that can be rescued by reintroducing wild type HP1γ, but not the nonphosphorylatable S83A-HP1γ mutant. In addition, proliferation assays showed that the phosphomimetic S83D-HP1γ increases 5-ethynyl-2´-deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation, whereas the nonphosphorylatable S83A-HP1γ mutant abrogates this effect. Genome-wide expression profiling revealed that the effects of these mutants on mitotic functions are congruently reflected in G2/M gene expression networks in a manner that mimics the on and off states for P-Ser83-HP1γ.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first description of a mitotic Aurora A-HP1γ pathway, whose integrity is necessary for the execution of proper somatic cell division, providing insight into specific types of posttranslational modifications that associate to distinct functional outcomes of this important chromatin protein.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics, GIH Division, Department of Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guggenheim 10, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. lomberk.gwen@mayo.edu.
authors.forename: Adrienne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grzenda
authors.forename: Phoebe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Leonard
authors.forename: Seungmae
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Angela J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Mathison
authors.forename: Guillermo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Urrutia
authors.forename: Ezequiel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Calvo
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Iovanna
authors.forename: Raul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Urrutia
authors.forename: Gwen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lomberk