title: Quantitative in situ magnetization reversal studies in Lorentz microscopy and electron holography.
abstract: A generalized procedure for the in situ application of magnetic fields by means of the excitation of the objective lens for magnetic imaging experiments in Lorentz microscopy and electron holography is quantitatively described. A protocol for applying magnetic fields with arbitrary in-plane magnitude and orientation is presented, and a freeware script for Digital Micrograph(™) is provided to assist the operation of the microscope. Moreover, a method to accurately reconstruct hysteresis loops is detailed. We show that the out-of-plane component of the magnetic field cannot be always neglected when performing quantitative measurements of the local magnetization. Several examples are shown to demonstrate the accuracy and functionality of the methods.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Microscopías Avanzadas (LMA), Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón (INA), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain; Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Transpyrenean Associated Laboratory for Electron Microscopy (TALEM), CEMES-INA, CNRS-Universidad de Zaragoza, Toulouse, France; CEMES-CNRS 29, rue Jeanne Marvig, B.P. 94347, F-31055 Toulouse Cedex, France.
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Magén
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Snoeck
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gatel
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Marín
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Serrano-Ramón
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Prieto
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muñoz
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Algarabel
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Morellon
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: De Teresa
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Ibarra
mesh_terms: D004583:Electrons; D006696:Holography / Q000379:methods*; D007909:Lenses; D060526:Magnetic Fields; D008854:Microscopy, Electron / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Electron holography; In situ magnetic field; Lorentz microscopy; Magnetic materials; Transmission electron microscopy