title: Effect of ultrasound on the permeability of vascular wall to nano-emulsion droplets.
abstract: The effect of ultrasound on the permeability of blood vessels to nano-emulsion droplets was investigated using excised mouse carotid arteries as model blood vessels. Perfluorocarbon nano-droplets were formed by perfluoro-15-crown-5-ether and stabilized by poly(ethylene oxide)-co-poly(DL-lactide) block co-polymer shells. Nano-droplet fluorescence was imparted by interaction with fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (molecular weight = 70,000 Da). The permeability of carotid arteries to nano-droplets was studied in the presence and absence of continuous wave or pulsed therapeutic 1-MHz ultrasound. The data indicated that the application of ultrasound resulted in permeabilization of the vascular wall to nano-droplets. The effect of continuous wave ultrasound was substantially stronger than that of pulsed ultrasound of the same total energy. No effect of blood vessel pre-treatment with ultrasound was observed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA.
authors.forename: Dhaval
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Thakkar
authors.forename: Roohi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Monson
authors.forename: Natalya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rapoport
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002199:Capillary Permeability / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects; D019220:High-Energy Shock Waves; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D051379:Mice; D053769:Nanocapsules / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010316:Particle Size; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D013010:Sonication / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D005466:Fluorocarbons; D053769:Nanocapsules
keywords: Extravasation; Nano-droplets; Nano-emulsions; Perfluorocarbon; Permeabilization; Ultrasound