title: Management of meningiomas invading the major dural venous sinuses: operative technique, results, and potential benefit for higher grade tumors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The optimal surgical management of meningiomas involving the major venous sinuses represents a therapeutic dilemma. The decision is whether to leave a fragment of the lesion and have a higher recurrence rate, especially for World Health Organization classification II/III tumors, or to attempt total removal and potentially increase risk to the venous circulation. We present the surgical strategies we follow in managing meningiomas involving the major venous sinuses and the potential benefit of these techniques for higher grade tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 2005 and 2013, 38 patients underwent operations. Preoperative and postoperative data were retrospectively analyzed. The surgical strategies based on sinus invasion are discussed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Meningiomas involved the superior sagittal sinus (26 patients), Torcular Herophili (5), transverse (5), or sigmoid sinus (2 patients). In 13 patients, the sinus was totally occluded, in 9 subtotally (50%-95%), and in 14 patients partially (<50%), whereas two tumors involved the outer layer of the sinus wall. Twenty-seven patients had World Health Organization classification grade I meningiomas and 11 grade II. A gross total resection was achieved in 86.9% of patients, and sinus reconstruction followed in 21 cases: 13 by direct suture and 8 using a patch. Postoperatively, the sinus was patent (52.4%), or narrow but patent (33.3%) in 85.7% of these patients. No deaths and one major postoperative complication occurred, and the mean postoperative KPS score was 88.9±15.3. Two recurrences (5.3%) occurred during a mean follow-up of 26.05 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The surgical strategies presented, achieving minimal morbidity, support the practice of aggressive removal of tumors invading the sinus, particularly in the case of higher grade meningiomas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mantovani
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurosurgery, McGill University, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Electronic address: lsekhar@u.washington.edu.
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Di Maio
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.
authors.forename: Manuel J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.
authors.forename: Laligam N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Sekhar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D003392:Cranial Sinuses / Q000601:surgery*; D004388:Dura Mater / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008579:Meningioma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D011182:Postoperative Care; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Dural sinus; Meningioma; Parasagittal meningioma; Sinus thrombosis; Torcular Herophili; Venous reconstruction; Venous sinus occlusion; WHO grade II meningiomas