title: Thermoelectric imaging of structural disorder in epitaxial graphene.
abstract: Heat is a familiar form of energy transported from a hot side to a colder side of an object, but not a notion associated with microscopic measurements of electronic properties. A temperature difference within a material causes charge carriers, electrons or holes to diffuse along the temperature gradient inducing a thermoelectric voltage. Here we show that local thermoelectric measurements can yield high-sensitivity imaging of structural disorder on the atomic and nanometre scales. The thermopower measurement acts to amplify the variations in the local density of states at the Fermi level, giving high differential contrast in thermoelectric signals. Using this imaging technique, we uncovered point defects in the first layer of epitaxial graphene, which generate soliton-like domain-wall line patterns separating regions of the different interlayer stacking of the second graphene layer.
authors.affiliation: 1] Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 305-340, Republic of Korea [2].
authors.forename: Sanghee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Stephen Dongmin
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Wondong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Eui-Sup
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sung-Jae
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.forename: Ki-Jeong
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.forename: Ilyou
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hyeong-Do
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Tong
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Joseph A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Stroscio
authors.forename: Yong-Hyun
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ho-Ki
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Lyeo