title: Encouraging residents to seek feedback.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore resident and faculty perceptions of the feedback process, especially residents' feedback-seeking activities.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted focus groups of faculty and residents exploring experiences in giving and receiving feedback, feedback-seeking, and suggestions to support feedback-seeking. Using qualitative methods and an iterative process, all authors analyzed the transcribed audiotapes to identify and confirm themes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Emerging themes fit a framework situating resident feedback-seeking as dependent on four central factors: (1) learning/workplace culture, (2) relationships, (3) purpose/quality of feedback, (4) emotional responses to feedback. Residents and faculty agreed on many supports and barriers to feedback-seeking. Strengthening the workplace/learning culture through longitudinal experiences, use of feedback forms and explicit expectations for residents to seek feedback, coupled with providing a sense of safety and adequate time for observation and providing feedback were suggested. Tensions between faculty and resident perceptions regarding feedback-seeking related to fear of being found deficient, the emotional costs related to corrective feedback and perceptions that completing clinical work is more valued than learning.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Resident feedback-seeking is influenced by multiple factors requiring attention to both faculty and learner roles. Further study of specific influences and strategies to mitigate the tensions will inform how best to support residents in seeking feedback.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto , ON , Canada.
authors.forename: Dianne
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Delva
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sargeant
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Holland
authors.forename: Peggy
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Alexiadis Brown
authors.forename: Constance
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Leblanc
authors.forename: Kathryn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lightfoot
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002983:Clinical Competence; D004503:Education, Medical, Graduate; D005180:Faculty, Medical; D005246:Feedback; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D036301:Qualitative Research