title: Anterior gradient 2: a novel sensitive tumor marker for metastatic oral cancer.
abstract: The prevention of oral squamous cell carcinoma metastasis to improve overall patient survival has provided the rationale for biomarker development. We used the Transwell invasion assay to isolate a highly metastatic subpopulation, HSC-3-5 cells, with almost the same genetic background as HSC-3 cells but a higher metastatic capacity accompanied by cytoskeletal rearrangements and mesenchymal transformation. HSC-3-5 cells also showed tumorigenic and metastatic characteristics in vivo. In addition, Anterior gradient 2 (agr2), a pro-oncogenic signaling intermediate, was identified from gene expression profiling, and overexpression of AGR2 showed a positive correlation with oral tumor metastasis. Taken together, our data suggest that AGR2 may be a novel sensitive biomarker for metastatic oral cancer.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Yi-Ting
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chung-Liang
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Po-Ku
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yuh-Ling
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chuan-Fa
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000235:genetics; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015870:Gene Expression; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D009088:Mucoproteins; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D015513:Oncogene Proteins; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous
chemical_list: C502296:AGR2 protein, human; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D009088:Mucoproteins; D015513:Oncogene Proteins; D011506:Proteins
keywords: Anterior gradient 2; HSC-3; Metastasis; Oral squamous cell carcinoma