title: Assessment of acute toxicity of carbofuran in Macrobrachium olfersii (Wiegmann, 1836) at different temperature levels.
abstract: Carbofuran (2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl methylcarbamate; C12H15NO3) is one of the most toxic carbamate pesticides. For acute toxicity of carbofuran, juveniles of Macrobrachium olfersii were exposed to different concentrations of carbofuran using the static renewal method at different temperature levels (15, 20 and 25°C) at pH 7.0. The main purpose of the present study was to detect the acute toxicity of carbofuran to M. olfersii and investigate its effects on oxygen consumption and ammonium excretion; these tests have not been carried out in this species before. First, the acute toxicity - median lethal concentration - of carbofuran to M. olfersii for 24, 48, 72 and 96 h was examined, which resulted in the following values: 1.64, 1.22, 0.86 and 0.42 mg L(-1), respectively. Furthermore, we also found that carbofuran caused an inhibition in oxygen consumption of 60.6, 65.3 and 66.2% with respect to the control. In addition, after separate exposures to carbofuran, elevations in ammonium excretion were more than 500% with respect to the control.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Pesca - APTA-SAA/SP-Governo do Estado de São Paulo, Cananéia, São Paulo, Brazil edisonbrabieri@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Edison
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Barbieri
authors.affiliation: Instituto Biológico - APTA-SAA/SP-Governo do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Priscila
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Moreira
authors.affiliation: Instituto Biológico - APTA-SAA/SP-Governo do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luiz Alberto
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Luchini
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, Costa Rica.
authors.forename: Karla Ruiz
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Hidalgo
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación en Contaminación Ambiental, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, Costa Rica.
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Muñoz
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002235:Carbofuran / Q000633:toxicity*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects; D033541:Palaemonidae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013696:Temperature; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D000641:Ammonia; D002235:Carbofuran
keywords: Carbofuran; Macrobrachium olfersii; ammonia excretion; oxygen consumption; temperature; toxicity