title: Successful testicular sperm retrieval in adolescents with Klinefelter syndrome treated with at least 1 year of topical testosterone and aromatase inhibitor.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate surgical sperm retrieval rates in adolescents with Klinefelter syndrome and testosterone replacement therapy (TRT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Academic medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten patients with Klinefelter syndrome, aged 14-22 years, treated with testosterone replacement and aromatase inhibitor therapy for a period of 1-5 years before surgical sperm retrieval.
  
  
  METHODS
  Microsurgical testis sperm extraction with cryopreservation of harvested tissue.
  
  
  METHODS
  Presence of spermatozoa within testis tissue.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Successful sperm retrieval in 7/10 patients (70%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of topical TRT did not appear to suppress spermatogenesis in adolescents with KS. It is uncertain whether sperm retrieval rates would be higher or lower without testosterone replacement in these young males. Sperm cryopreservation should be discussed in all KS adolescents who are either receiving or considering initiating TRT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York. Electronic address: mehtagrossberg@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Akanksha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mehta
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bolyakov
authors.forename: Jordan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Roosma
authors.forename: Peter N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Schlegel
authors.forename: Darius A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Paduch
mesh_terms: D000046:Academic Medical Centers; D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000293:Adolescent; D000077384:Anastrozole; D047072:Aromatase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015925:Cryopreservation; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy; D006801:Humans; D007713:Klinefelter Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D009570:Nitriles / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012662:Semen Preservation; D053625:Sperm Retrieval; D013091:Spermatogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D013739:Testosterone / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000172:deficiency; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014230:Triazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D047072:Aromatase Inhibitors; D009570:Nitriles; D014230:Triazoles; D000077384:Anastrozole; D013739:Testosterone
keywords: Klinefelter syndrome; hormone replacement; testicular sperm extraction; testosterone