title: Herbal drug regulation and commercialization: an Indian industry perspective.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the constraints for Indian herbal drug industry with respect to manufacturing and commercialization of herbal medicines.
  
  
  METHODS
  A questionnaire-based survey was conducted to obtain primary data on challenges faced during production, commercialization, and marketing approval for traditional or herbal drugs in India and abroad. Responses were collected from 150 companies by email, telephone, and in-person interviews from June 2009 to August 2010 and were analyzed to draw appropriate conclusions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The survey result showed that differing regulatory requirements and the limited market in foreign countries are the major hindrances for exporting. Standardization and quality control of raw materials and herbal formulations emerged as the major challenge for Indian herbal drug manufacturing firms. Insufficient regulatory guidelines, particularly guidelines for good manufacturing practices; nonimplementation of good agricultural and collection practices; and weak implementation of the Drugs and Cosmetics Act of 1940 are considered major drawbacks for the Indian herbal industry.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Proper implementation of the Drugs and Cosmetics Act of 1940, development of more elaborate guidelines on quality control aspects, and development of marker-based standards are needed to produce safe and effective herbal medicines in India. Because evidence-based studies are becoming increasingly essential for establishing the safety and efficacy of herbal products in the domestic and export market, more focus should be placed on scientific and technological advancement in the field of herbal medicine. Regulatory harmonization becomes essential to mitigate the delays in commercialization across countries.
authors.affiliation: 1 National Institute of Science , Technology and Development Studies (NISTADS), New Delhi, India .
authors.forename: Niharika
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sahoo
authors.forename: Padmavati
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Manchikanti
mesh_terms: D004345:Drug Industry / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards*; D004335:Drug and Narcotic Control; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000592:standards*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D028321:Plant Preparations