title: The effect of personality dimensions on functional outcomes in mood disorders.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Functional impairment associated with mood disorders may be related to a characteristic "profile" of normative personality dimensions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Individuals (age ≥ 18 years) with MDD (n = 400) or BD (n = 317), as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition, text revision (DSM-IV-TR), were enrolled in the IMDCP. Personality was evaluated with the Neuroticism-Extraversion-Openness Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), and functionality with the Sheehan Disability Scale and Endicott Work Productivity Scale. Path analysis using linear multiple regressions was performed to identify direct and indirect effects of personality on functional impairment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lower conscientiousness exerted a significant direct effect on global (p = 0.017) and family life dysfunction in individuals with MDD (p = 0.002), as well as lower work productivity in both MDD (p = 0.020) and BD (p = 0.018). Lower extraversion exerted a significant direct effect on social impairment in individuals with BD (p = 0.017). Higher neuroticism and agreeableness as well as lower extraversion exerted indirect effects on global and social dysfunction in individuals with MDD via their effects on depression severity. In BD, higher neuroticism and openness indirectly affected global dysfunction. Family dysfunction was indirectly affected by higher neuroticism and openness as well as lower extraversion in MDD and BD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that discrete personality dimensions may exert direct and indirect effects on functional outcomes in individuals with mood disorders. Personalizing disease management approaches in mood disorders with emphasis on vocational rehabilitation may benefit from measurement and intervention targeting personality.
authors.affiliation: Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada.
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leen
authors.forename: Joanna K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Soczynska
authors.forename: Laura Ashley
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Gallaugher
authors.forename: Hanna O
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Woldeyohannes
authors.forename: Mohammad T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Alsuwaidan
authors.forename: Danielle S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Cha
authors.forename: Roman M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Dale
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Muzina
authors.forename: Sidney H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.forename: Roger S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: McIntyre
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004526:Efficiency; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010551:Personality; D010555:Personality Inventory