title: Significance of non-type 1 anterior early repolarization in patients with inferolateral early repolarization syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the significance of non-type 1 anterior early repolarization (NT1-AER) combined with inferolateral early repolarization syndrome (ERS).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Inferolateral ERS might be a heterogeneous entity, although it excludes type 1 Brugada syndrome (BS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Of 84 patients with spontaneous ventricular fibrillation, 31 ERS patients were divided into 2 groups. The ERS(A)-group consisted of inferolateral ER and NT1-AER--that is, notching or slurring with J-wave ≥ 1 mm at the end of QRS to early ST segment in any of V1 to V3 leads, in which the ST-T segment did not change to a coved pattern in the standard and high costal (second and third) electrocardiographic recordings even after drug provocation tests (n = 12). The other, ERS(B)-group, showed only inferolateral ER (n = 19). Clinical characteristics and outcomes were compared between the ERS groups, 40 patients with type-1 BS (BS-group), and 13 patients with idiopathic ventricular fibrillation lacking J-wave (IVF-group).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ventricular fibrillation occurred during sleep or near sleep in 10 of 12 patients in ERS(A)-group and in 22 of 40 patients in BS-group but in 2 of 19 patients in ERS(B)-group and in 1 of 13 patients in IVF-group (ERS[A] vs. ERS[B], p < 0.0001). Ventricular fibrillation recurrence was significantly higher in ERS(A)-group (58%), particularly in patients with J waves in the high lateral lead, and BS-group (55%), compared with ERS(B)-group (11%) and IVF-group (15%) (ERS[A] vs. ERS[B], p = 0.012).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inferolateral ERS comprises heterogeneous ER subtypes with and without NT1-AER. Coexistence of NT1-AER was a key predictor of poor outcome in patients with ERS.
authors.affiliation: Division of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan; Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsukasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kamakura
authors.forename: Hiro
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawata
authors.forename: Ikutaro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okamura
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Noda
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Satomi
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aiba
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takaki
authors.forename: Naohiko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Aihara
authors.forename: Shiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kamakura
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Wataru
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shimizu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D053840:Brugada Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013577:Syndrome; D013997:Time Factors; D014693:Ventricular Fibrillation / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology*
keywords: BS; Brugada syndrome; ECG; ER; ERS; ERS(A); ERS(B); ICD; IVF; J-wave; LV; NT1-AER; RV; VF; coved anterior early repolarization; coved-AER; early repolarization; early repolarization syndrome; electrocardiogram; idiopathic ventricular fibrillation; implantable cardioverter-defibrillator; inferolateral early repolarization combined with non-type 1 anterior early repolarization; left ventricle/ventricular; non-type 1 anterior early repolarization; pure inferolateral early repolarization without anterior early repolarization; right ventricle/ventricular; ventricular fibrillation