title: The CUL4A ubiquitin ligase is a potential therapeutic target in skin cancer and other malignancies.
abstract: Cullin 4A (CUL4A) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that directly affects DNA repair and cell cycle progression by targeting substrates including damage-specific DNA-binding protein 2 (DDB2), xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group C (XPC), chromatin licensing and DNA replication factor 1 (Cdt1), and p21. Recent work from our laboratory has shown that Cul4a-deficient mice have greatly reduced rates of ultraviolet-induced skin carcinomas. On a cellular level, Cul4a-deficient cells have great capacity for DNA repair and demonstrate a slow rate of proliferation due primarily to increased expression of DDB2 and p21, respectively. This suggests that CUL4A promotes tumorigenesis (as well as accumulation of skin damage and subsequent premature aging) by limiting DNA repair activity and expediting S phase entry. In addition, CUL4A has been found to be up-regulated via gene amplification or overexpression in breast cancers, hepatocellular carcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas, adrenocortical carcinomas, childhood medulloblastomas, and malignant pleural mesotheliomas. Because of its oncogenic activity in skin cancer and up-regulation in other malignancies, CUL4A has arisen as a potential candidate for targeted therapeutic approaches. In this review, we outline the established functions of CUL4A and discuss the E3 ligase's emergence as a potential driver of tumorigenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College and Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065, USA. pez2001@med.cornell.edu.
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hannah
authors.forename: Peng-Bo
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D063646:Carcinogenesis / Q000378:metabolism; D002453:Cell Cycle; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D044842:Cullin Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004249:DNA Damage; D004260:DNA Repair; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) / Q000378:metabolism; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: C114234:CUL4A protein, human; D044842:Cullin Proteins; C117669:DDB2 protein, human; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)