title: Effects of topical nasal anesthetic on fiberoptic endoscopic examination of swallowing with sensory testing (FEESST).
abstract: Objections to the use of topical nasal anesthesia (TNA) during fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) with sensory testing (FEESST) have been raised, primarily because of the possibility of desensitizing the pharyngeal and laryngeal mucosa and affecting both the sensory and motor aspects of the swallow. Furthermore, it has been suggested that TNA is not necessary during FEES as it does not improve patient comfort or make the procedure easier for the endoscopist. The purpose of this double-blind, randomized, controlled, crossover clinical trial was to determine how gel TNA during flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing with sensory testing affects sensation, swallowing, and comfort rating scores in healthy non-dysphagic participants. Laryngopharyngeal sensory thresholds and swallowing durations were compared between two conditions: TNA and sham. Transition duration decreased statistically significantly during the TNA condition compared to the sham for 10 ml only (p < 0.05). All other swallowing measures did not change between the conditions. Laryngopharyngeal sensory thresholds and perceptions did not change between conditions. No change was observed for subject comfort scores, ease of exam, or quality of view. Future studies should evaluate TNA administration variables, including concentration, dosage amount, and method of application, to determine the optimal strategy for providing comfort while avoiding altered swallowing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Audiology and Speech Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham, Slot 826, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA, ekamarunas@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Erin E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Kamarunas
authors.forename: Gary H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: McCullough
authors.forename: Tiffany J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Guidry
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mennemeier
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schluterman
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000777:Anesthetics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003679:Deglutition; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005336:Fiber Optic Technology / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009666:Nose; D012684:Sensory Thresholds / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000777:Anesthetics