title: Methods and rates of punishment implemented by families to enuretic children in Turkey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Nocturnal enuresis is a serious health problem affecting a significant portion of the population. In this study, we investigated the frequency of punishment methods in nocturnal enuresis (NE) in Turkey and its relationship with other parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 501 children (301 boys and 200 girls) who were admitted to our outpatient clinic due to nocturnal enuresis were included in the study. Mean age was 9.39 years (range 5-18). Prepared questionnaire form inquiring educational status of the family, frequency and implementation and duration of punishment methods was applied to patients and families.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At least one punishment method was applied to 291 (58.1%) of children with NE. Punishment methods of parents were detected as condemnation (257 patients, 51.3%), depriving desires of the child (120 patients, 23.9%), humiliating the child in the presence of other children (113 patients, 22.6%), reprimanding- threatening with punishment (203 patients, 40.5%). This application was found to continue for longer than 1 year in 52% of punished children. Families graduated of high school and above were found to use punishment methods significantly more than others.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to the results of our study, a quite high proportion of enuretic children were detected to be exposed to punishment methods. Even, some parents consider that these methods are a part of nocturnal enuresis treatment. We, the doctors, should endeavor more for raising awareness of the community in order to diminish this worrisome behavior.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: M Ihsan
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Karaman
authors.forename: Orhan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Koca
authors.forename: Eyup Veli
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Kucuk
authors.forename: Metin Ishak
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Ozturk
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akyuz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002649:Child Abuse; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004522:Educational Status; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D053206:Nocturnal Enuresis / Q000523:psychology*; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology; D011678:Punishment / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014421:Turkey