title: Biomimetic acellular detoxified glutaraldehyde cross-linked bovine pericardium for tissue engineering.
abstract: Glutaraldehyde (GLUT) processing, cellular antigens, calcium ions in circulation, and phospholipids present in the native tissue are predominantly responsible for calcification, degeneration, and lack of natural microenvironment for host progenitor cell migration in tissue implants. The study presents an improved methodology for adhesion and proliferation of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) without significant changes in biomechanical and biodegradation properties of the processed acellular bovine pericardium. The anti-calcification potential of the processed tissue was enhanced by detoxification of GLUT-cross-linked bovine pericardium by decellularization, pretreating it with ethanol or removing the free aldehydes by citric acid treatment and lyophilization. The treated tissues were assessed for biomechanical properties, GLUT ligand quantification, adhesion, proliferation of EPCs, and biodegradability. The results indicate that there was no significant change in biomechanical properties and biodegradability when enzymatic hydrolysis (p>0.05) is employed in detoxified acellular GLUT cross-linked tissue (DBP-G-CA-ET), compared with the native detoxified GLUT cross-linked bovine pericardium (NBP-G-CA-ET). DBP-G-CA-ET exhibited a significant (p>0.05) increase in the viability of EPCs and cell adhesion as compared to acellular GLUT cross-linked bovine pericardium (p<0.05). Lyophilized acellular detoxified GLUT cross-linked bovine pericardium, employed in our study as an alternative to conventional GLUT cross-linked bovine pericardium, might provide longer durability and better biocompatibility, and reduce calcification. The developed bovine pericardium patches could be used in cardiac reconstruction and repair, arteriotomy, soft tissue repair, and general surgical procedures with tissue regeneration dimensions.
authors.affiliation: Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: Santosh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mathapati
authors.forename: Dillip Kumar
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Bishi
authors.forename: Soma
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guhathakurta
authors.forename: Kotturathu Mammen
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Cherian
authors.forename: Jayarama Reddy
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Venugopal
authors.forename: Seeram
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ramakrishna
authors.forename: Rama Shanker
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Verma
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena / Q000187:drug effects; D040761:Biomimetic Materials / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002417:Cattle; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D048430:Cell Shape / Q000187:drug effects; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005976:Glutaral / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D010496:Pericardium / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D010641:Phenotype; D012756:Sheep; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D005976:Glutaral
keywords: Bovine pericardium; Cross-linking; DBP–G; DBP–G–CA; DBP–G–CA–ET; Decellularization; Detoxification; Endothelial progenitor cells; NBP–G–CA–ET; Tissue engineering; decellularized bovine pericardia–glutaraldehyde; decellularized bovine pericardia–glutaraldehyde–citric acid; decellularized bovine pericardia–glutaraldehyde–citric acid–ethanol; native bovine pericardia–glutaraldehyde–citric acid–ethanol