title: Laparoscopic varicocelectomy in infertile men: does age matter?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Varicocele affects up to 15% of men in the general population. In couples with subfertility, the prevalence of varicocele in male partners was about 12%. In certain countries like the Middle East and Arabian Gulf, it is not rare to find people in their 5th or 6th decades or even older, who are seeking infertility clinics wishing to achieve paternity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  What are the results of laparoscopic varicocelectomy in relatively older infertile men (>40 years) in comparison with young infertile men (<40 years)?
  
  
  METHODS
  It is a prospective observational study done in Farwaniya Hospital, Kuwait. Patients (83 cases) were categorized into two age groups: group I (55 patients) with age ranging from 25 to 40 years, and group II (28 patients) with age >40 years (range 41-53 years). Cases with clinically detectable varicocele only were included (grade II and III). Cases who underwent varicocelectomy for pain were excluded from the study as well as cases with previous abdominal surgeries. Cases with subclinical and mild varicocele (grade I) were also excluded from the study. The intra- and postoperative parameters as well as the improvement in semen quality were compared in both groups. Patients were seen after 3 and 6 months as outpatients. Cases were followed up for a mean period of 1 year (range from 6 to 22 months).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The intraoperative and postoperative parameters as well as the improvement in semen quality were compared in both groups. There was colonic adhesion to the posterior peritoneum covering internal spermatic veins in 3 cases in group I (3.6%) and in 5 cases in group II (17.8%). This required more dissection to retract the colon and to expose the internal spermatic veins. The mean operative duration for laparoscopic varicocelectomy was significantly longer in group II (75 vs. 45 min in group I). After 3 months, 26 cases (47.2%) of group I and 11 cases (39.2%) of group II had improvement in semen quality. After 6 months, there was improvement in semen quality in 32 cases (58.2%) in group I and in 15 cases in group II (53.5%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic varicocelectomy in relatively old men is sometimes more difficult technically with relatively longer operative duration. However, it can achieve improvement in semen quality comparable to relatively younger patients. Further randomized controlled trials are needed to draw a more relevant conclusion about the impact of age in the outcome of laparoscopic varicocelectomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Farwaniya Hospital, Ardiya, Kuwait. mshazly2001@yahoo.com
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: El-Shazly
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Eissa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D007730:Kuwait; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D061646:Operative Time; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012661:Semen / Q000378:metabolism; D055101:Semen Analysis; D013076:Sperm Count; D013081:Sperm Motility; D013997:Time Factors; D014646:Varicocele / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*