title: Acute oral toxicity and histopathological study of combination of endosulfan and cypermethrin in wistar rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endosulfan, a neurotoxic organochlorine insecticide and cypermethrin, a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide used to control pests in domestic, industrial, and agricultural situations.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present study was carried out to investigate the acute oral toxicity, behavioral and histopathological changes of combination of endosulfan and cypermethrin in albino rats. According to Miller and Tainter analysis method, at 48 h, LD50 value of combination of endosulfan and cypermethrin (ratio 1:1) in rats was found to be 691.83 mg/kg bw by oral gavage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When combination of both these pesticides was administered orally at concentration of 103.72 mg/kg bw, 172.95 mg/kg bw and 207.50 mg/kg bw, respectively, as a single dose, no significant changes in behavior of rats was observed, neither in dosed nor in control group of rats. Combination of endosulfan- and cypermethrin-treated rats showed mild histopathological changes in liver and kidney in group IV (207.50 mg/kg BW) as compared to the control. However, no significant changes were observed in brain and small intestine at either dose of combination of endosulfan and cypermethrin with respect to control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thus, the present study, first of its kind in India, demonstrated the oral toxicity, behavioral, and histo-architectual alterations after induction of combination of endosulfan and cypermethrin at acute doses in Wistar rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Jaya
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Raj
authors.lastname: Mohineesh
authors.forename: Ruma
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ray
authors.forename: T D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Dogra
authors.forename: Anupuma
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Raina
keywords: Behavioral; LD50; cypermethrin; endosulfan; histopathological studies; rat