title: Pediatric nasolacrimal duct obstruction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Review the current management for pediatric nasolacrimal duct obstruction and congenital dacryocele.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Early probing in the office, and probing beyond 1 year of age in a facility with general anesthesia are equally effective. Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction is associated with anisometropic amblyopia. Infants with unilateral dacryocele are at risk for developing a dacryocele on the unaffected side.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The decision to probe early in the office or continue medical management and probe beyond a year of age in a facility with a general anesthetic is at the discretion of the ophthalmologist. Failed probings should be treated in a facility under general anesthesia with a balloon catheter or intubation. Children with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction need to be followed to make certain they do not develop anisometropic amblyopia.
authors.affiliation: Wills Eye Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. BSchnall@aol.com
authors.forename: Bruce M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Schnall
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D003608:Dacryocystorhinostomy / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007440:Intubation; D007767:Lacrimal Duct Obstruction / Q000150:complications*; D009301:Nasolacrimal Duct / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery