title: The use of propranolol for complicated infantile hemangiomas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess propranolol efficacy and safety in complicated infantile hemangiomas in two different age groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report on 68 infants with infantile hemangiomas treated with oral propranolol at the lowest effective dose at different ages for a period of six months. Inclusion criteria were life-threatening hemangiomas, function-threatening hemangiomas, facial hemangiomas with risk for disfigurement, and extensive and ulcerated hemangiomas. A previously designed safety protocol was applied to all patients. The evolution of all hemangiomas since baseline (pre-therapy) until the end of follow-up was assessed on the basis of clinical features (color, palpable softening, size, and volume) and taken at follow-up visits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results showed that propranolol was effective in arresting the proliferative phase and in accelerating the involution of infantile hemangiomas in 92.6% of cases. Propranolol efficacy was clear even when it was started after 12 months of life at low dose; after discontinuation of therapy there was a moderate-to-severe regrowth in 9.3% of cases and a mild regrowth in 22.5%. No adverse events were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Propranolol should be used as first-line medical treatment in all cases of complicated infantile hemangiomas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Children's Hospital, Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vercellino
authors.forename: Maria Victoria
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Romanini
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pelegrini
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rimini
authors.forename: Corrado
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Occella
authors.forename: Pietro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dalmonte
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005148:Facial Dermatoses / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006391:Hemangioma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011433:Propranolol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D011433:Propranolol