title: The prevalence of dental trauma and its association with illicit drug use among adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Dental trauma has been associated with predisposing factors such as gender and age, and biological characteristics such as overjet and socio-economic factors. However, research literature associating the use of illicit drugs with dental trauma is scarce. The aim of this survey is to investigate the prevalence of dental trauma and the association of the same with the use of illicit drugs among adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  A transversal analysis was conducted using a representative sample of 701 students between the ages of 14 and 19. Data were gathered by means of clinical examinations and self-administered questionnaires. The ABA-ABIPEME tool was adopted for the assessment of socio-economic conditions and ASSIST (Screening Test for Involvement with Alcohol, Cigarettes, and Other Substances) as a standard for the consumption of illicit drugs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of dental trauma was 26.6% (183/687) and that of illicit drug use 7% (48/684). Dental trauma was more prevalent among older adolescents (P = 0.010) with overjet greater than 3 mm (P = 0.005) in males (P = 0.001) who had used marijuana and/or cocaine in their lifetime (P = 0.005). The Poisson regression results revealed that illicit drug use was still associated with dental trauma independent of other variables [PR = 1.54 (95% CI: 1.06-2.24) P = 0.022].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of dental trauma was high and associated with the use of illicit drugs.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina.
authors.forename: Paulo Messias de Oliveira
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Filho
authors.forename: Kelly Oliva
authors.initials: KO
authors.lastname: Jorge
authors.forename: Paula Cristina Pelli
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Paiva
authors.forename: Efigênia Ferreira E
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Maria Letícia
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Ramos-Jorge
authors.forename: Patrícia Maria
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Zarzar
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D018677:Tooth Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*
keywords: adolescents; dental trauma; illicit drugs; socioeconomic-factors