title: Antimicrobial resistance in campylobacter: susceptibility testing methods and resistance trends.
abstract: Most Campylobacter infections are self-limiting but antimicrobial treatment (e.g., macrolides, fluoroquinolones) is necessary in severe or prolonged cases. Susceptibility testing continues to play a critical role in guiding therapy and epidemiological monitoring of resistance. The methods of choice for Campylobacter recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) are agar dilution and broth microdilution, while a disk diffusion method was recently standardized by the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST). Macrolides, quinolones, and tetracyclines are among the common antimicrobials recommended for testing. Molecular determination of Campylobacter resistance via DNA sequencing or PCR-based methods has been performed. High levels of resistance to tetracycline and ciprofloxacin are frequently reported by many national surveillance programs, but resistance to erythromycin and gentamicin in Campylobacter jejuni remains low. Nonetheless, variations in susceptibility observed over time underscore the need for continued public health monitoring of Campylobacter resistance from humans, animals, and food.
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal and Food Microbiology, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA. beilei.ge@fda.hhs.gov
authors.forename: Beilei
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sjölund-Karlsson
authors.forename: Patrick F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: McDermott
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002167:Campylobacter / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D005516:Food Microbiology; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000379:methods*; D025202:Molecular Diagnostic Techniques / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: Antimicrobial resistance; Campylobacter; Molecular; Susceptibility testing; Trend