title: Increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptor in enlarging brain arteriovenous malformations--a case report.
abstract: A 24-year-old man with Spetzler-Martin (S-M) Grade III arteriovenous malformation (AVM). He was conservatively treated, but AVM significantly increased in size over 5 years, judged as Grade IV. Subsequently, he developed intracerebral hemorrhage. AVM was totally removed. Immunohistochemistry showed that the endothelial cells in the dura and nidus were positive for VEGF and VEGF-R.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine , Sapporo , Japan.
authors.forename: Daina
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kashiwazaki
authors.forename: Rina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Kiyohiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Houkin
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuroda
mesh_terms: D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D002538:Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000098:blood supply*; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor