title: Immunogenicity of subcutaneously administered therapeutic proteins--a mechanistic perspective.
abstract: The administration of therapeutic proteins via the subcutaneous route (sc) is desired for compliance and convenience, but could be challenging due to perceived immunogenic potential or unwanted immune responses. There are clinical and preclinical data supporting as well as refuting the generalized notion that sc is more immunogenic. We provide a mechanistic perspective of immunogenicity of therapeutic proteins administered via the sc route and discuss strategies and opportunities for novel therapeutic approaches to mitigate immunogenicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, SUNY-University at Buffalo, 359 Kapoor Hall, Buffalo, New York, 14214, USA.
authors.forename: Anas M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Fathallah
authors.forename: Richard B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Bankert
authors.forename: Sathy V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Balu-Iyer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017951:Antigen Presentation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D055261:Immunogenetic Phenomena / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins