title: New gluconamide-type cationic surfactants: Interactions with DNA and lipid membranes.
abstract: New linear cationic surfactants - 2-(alkyldimethylammonio)ethylgluconamide bromides, denoted as CnGAB, n=10, 12, 14 and 16 - were synthesized from natural resources and characterized with respect to their potential as gene-delivery agents in gene therapy applications. Interactions with plasmid DNA and with model membranes were studied both experimentally and theoretically. The compounds with n=12, 14 and 16 show exponentially increasing ability to fully condense DNA. C16GAB condenses DNA at 1:1 surfactant to nucleotide molar ratio. Furthermore, CnGABs interact with model membrane, slightly lowering the temperature of the main phase transition Tm of the DPPC bilayer. C10GAB is found to interact only at the membrane surface. C16GAB reduces Tm less than C12GAB and C14GAB, and forms domains in the bilayer at the surfactant/DPPC molar ratio of 0.1 and higher. The results suggest that C16GAB can be a promising candidate for building gene-delivery carrier systems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Biophysics, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, ul. Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland. Electronic address: pawel.misiak@up.wroc.pl.
authors.forename: Paweł
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Misiak
authors.forename: Kazimiera A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Wilk
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kral
authors.forename: Edyta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Woźniak
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pruchnik
authors.forename: Renata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Frąckowiak
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hof
authors.forename: Bożenna
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Różycka-Roszak
mesh_terms: D015060:1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine / Q000737:chemistry; D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D002412:Cations / Q000737:chemistry; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D005942:Gluconates / Q000737:chemistry*; D008051:Lipid Bilayers / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D008958:Models, Molecular; D044367:Phase Transition; D010957:Plasmids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D044366:Transition Temperature
chemical_list: D002412:Cations; D005942:Gluconates; D008051:Lipid Bilayers; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D015060:1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine; C018954:gluconamide; D004247:DNA
keywords: Cationic surfactant; DNA compaction; Glucose-derived surfactant; Lipid bilayer; Molecular modeling; Soft surfactant