title: History of childhood abuse, sensation seeking, and intimate partner violence under/not under the influence of a substance: a cross-sectional study in Russia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine correlates of perpetration and victimization of intimate partner violence (IPV) under and not under the influence of a substance, we conducted a study among women in Russia.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 2011, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among patients receiving services at a clinic for sexually transmitted infections in St. Petersburg, Russia. Multinomial logistic regression was used for analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 299 women, 104 (34.8%) and 113 (37.8%) reported a history of IPV perpetration and victimization, respectively. Nearly half (47.1%) of perpetrators and 61.1% of victims reported that the latest IPV event (perpetration and victimization, respectively) was experienced under the influence of a substance. Factors independently associated with IPV victimization under the influence of a substance were alcohol misuse and a higher number of lifetime sex partners, whereas only experience of childhood abuse (emotional and physical abuse) was independently associated with IPV victimization that did not occur under the influence of a substance. Childhood physical abuse, lower age of first sex, sensation seeking, and alcohol misuse were independently associated with IPV perpetration under the influence of a substance, while only childhood abuse (emotional and physical abuse) was independently associated with IPV perpetration that did not occur under the influence of a substance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IPV under and not under the influence of a substance had different correlates (e.g., alcohol misuse and sensation seeking). Despite the strong association between substance use and IPV, experience of childhood abuse is an important predictor of IPV perpetration and victimization in Russia, above and beyond substance use.
authors.affiliation: Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America.
authors.forename: Weihai
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhan
authors.forename: Alla V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Shaboltas
authors.forename: Roman V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Skochilov
authors.forename: Tatiana V
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Krasnoselskikh
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Abdala
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D054523:Adult Survivors of Child Abuse / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012426:Russia; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology; D012747:Sexual Partners; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D013179:Spouse Abuse / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D014754:Violence / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016387:Women's Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult