title: Neurophysiological correlates of excitement in schizophrenia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The excitement cluster (excitement, hostility, uncooperativeness and impulsivity) may contribute to the risk of violent behaviour, treatment non-adherence, likelihood of discharge and substance use in psychosis. Evidence suggests involvement of frontal executive mechanisms that may show sex differences in their association with symptom severity. The current study tests the association between excitement and the frontal N200 and P300 components of the auditory event-related potential in schizophrenia as a function of sex.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen men and 14 women with schizophrenia (mean illness duration=20years) completed a novelty oddball and clinical interview.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Men showed higher midline N200 and lower novelty P300 amplitude than women. They had more pronounced differences between midline and lateral N200 amplitude, and did not show the same Novel>Target effect for right frontal P300 as did women. Right frontal N200 amplitude to target stimuli was positively associated with excitement in women and inversely associated with excitement in men. Novelty P300 amplitude was inversely associated with excitement, particularly in women and over the right hemisphere.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggest that mechanisms underpinning frontal N200 and P300 subcomponents are differentially involved in excitement depending on sex. Understanding these individual differences may have implications for developing personalised treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK. Electronic address: alexander.sumich@ntu.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sumich
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.forename: Ananth P P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Anilkumar
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zachariah
authors.forename: Veena
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kumari
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D000328:Adult; D005072:Evoked Potentials, Auditory / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology
keywords: ACC; ADHD; Anterior cingulate; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; EEG; EOGh; EOGv; ERP; Electroencephalographic; Event-related potential; Event-related potentials; Excitement; Frontal; Horizontal electrooculogram; N200; OFC; PANSS; Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; Schizophrenia; Sex differences; Vertical electrooculogram; orbito-frontal