title: Non-invasive measurement of glucose uptake of skeletal muscle tissue models using a glucose nanobiosensor.
abstract: Skeletal muscle tissues play a significant role to maintain the glucose level of whole body and any dysfunction of this tissue leads to the diabetes disease. A culture medium was created in which the muscle cells could survive for a long time and meanwhile it did not interfere with the glucose sensing. We fabricated a model of skeletal muscle tissues in vitro to monitor its glucose uptake. A nanoporous gold as a high sensitive nanobiosensor was then successfully developed and employed to detect the glucose uptake of the tissue models in this medium upon applying the electrical stimulation in a rapid, and non-invasive approach. The response of the glucose sensor was linear in a wide concentration range of 1-50 mM, with a detection limit of 3 μM at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3.0. The skeletal muscle tissue was electrically stimulated during 24 h and glucose uptake was monitored during this period. During the first 3 h of stimulation, electrically stimulated muscle tissue consumed almost twice the amount of glucose than counterpart non-stimulated sample. In total, the glucose consumption of muscle tissues was higher for the electrically stimulated tissues compared to those without applying the electrical field.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan.
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Obregón
authors.forename: Samad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ahadian
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ramón-Azcón
authors.forename: Luyang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shiku
authors.forename: Mingwei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Tomokazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsue
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D002460:Cell Line; D004867:Equipment Design; D005947:Glucose / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D051379:Mice; D018485:Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005947:Glucose
keywords: Diabetes mellitus; Engineered skeletal muscle tissues; electrical stimulation; glucose nanobiosensor; glucose uptake