title: [Neurocognitive disturbances and psychiatric disorders among patients living with HIV-1 positive in Israel].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Neurocognitive dysfunction and psychiatric disorders are common among people living with HIV. A large number of the patients are asymptomatic, but in neurocognitive assessment and specific questionnaires subclinical disturbances can be diagnosed. The aim of this research was to study the rate of neurocognitive disturbances, as well as psychiatric disorders (depression and anxiety) among Israeli people living with HIV, and to find predictors for these disturbances.
  
  
  METHODS
  VaLidated neurocognitive tests and psychiatric assessment questionnaires (PHQ-9 and STAI) were conducted among 57 asymptomatic HIV-1 positive patients. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were collected from the patients' files.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rate of disturbances in the neurocognitive test was dependent on the test used. Whereas in Trail making A and B (TMA, TMB) high rates of disturbances were found, almost no patients with disturbances were found when the digit symbol substitution test (DSST) was used. In immediate and delayed memory testing (IMT and DMT) 47.7% and 49% memorized less than 75% of the numbers, respectively, while 18% of the patients had anxiety and 24% suffered from depression. The median quality of life measured by the analog scale was 7. In multivariate analysis we could not find predictive variables for neurocognitive or psychiatric disorders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neurocognitive disturbances and psychiatric disorders are common among asymptomatic people living with HIV, irrelevant of the time of being positive, immunoLogical status, viral load or treatment received.
authors.affiliation: Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashamer, Israel. itsik.levi@sheba.health.gov.il
authors.forename: Itzchak
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: Alon
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.forename: Tsvi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fischel
authors.forename: Yasmin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Maor
authors.forename: Vladislav
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Litachevsky
authors.forename: Galia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rahav
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D058070:Asymptomatic Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D007557:Israel / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008609:Mental Status Schedule; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011788:Quality of Life; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires