title: Tooth loss in institutionalized coronary heart disease patients of Punjab Institute of Cardiology, Lahore, Pakistan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To observe frequency and possible association of tooth loss with prevalent coronary heart disease in Pakistani population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Angiographically determined coronary heart disease (CHD) patients of Punjab Institute of Cardiology, Lahore, Pakistan, and healthy individuals were enrolled for status of tooth loss.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine hundred and thirty six CHD patients and 595 healthy subjects with mean age of 51.9±8.4years were examined. Mean (±SD) tooth loss was significantly (P⩽0.001) higher in cardiac patients (9.8±9.2) than healthy subjects (6.8±6.9) with odds ratio (OR)=1.543 (95%CI=1.985-2.851). Tooth loss was significantly (P⩽0.001) associated with CHD males and females and cardiac patients with diabetes and smoking. After adjustment of age, gender, diabetes and smoking, subjects with CHD were more likely to have higher tooth loss.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tooth loss was significantly associated with prevalent CHD independent of classic risk factors of age, gender, smoking and diabetes in this study sample.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan. pdplhr@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Syed Akhtar Hussain
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Bokhari
authors.forename: Ayyaz Ali
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Javaid Ashraf
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ansari
authors.forename: Rabail
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Alam
mesh_terms: D000046:Academic Medical Centers; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D003906:Developing Countries; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010154:Pakistan / Q000453:epidemiology; D012016:Reference Values; D018570:Risk Assessment; D017678:Sex Distribution; D016388:Tooth Loss / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*
keywords: (MeSH); Coronary heart disease; Prevalence; Risk; Tooth loss