title: Effects on vocal fold collision and phonation threshold pressure of resonance tube phonation with tube end in water.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Resonance tube phonation in water (RTPW) or in air is a voice therapy method successfully used for treatment of several voice pathologies. Its effect on the voice has not been thoroughly studied. This investigation analyzes the effects of RTPW on collision and phonation threshold pressures (CTP and PTP), the lowest subglottal pressure needed for vocal fold collision and phonation, respectively.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve mezzo-sopranos phonated into a glass tube, the end of which was placed under the water surface in a jar. Subglottal pressure, electroglottography, and audio signals were recorded before and after exercise. Also, the perceptual effects were assessed in a listening test with an expert panel, who also rated the subjects' singing experience.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Resonance tube phonation significantly increased CTP and also tended to improve perceived voice quality. The latter effect was mostly greater in singers who did not practice singing daily. In addition, a more pronounced perceptual effect was found in singers rated as being less experienced.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Resonance tube phonation significantly raised CTP and tended to improve perceptual ratings of voice quality. The effect on PTP did not reach significance.
authors.affiliation: Correspondence to Laura Enflo: lenflo@kth.se.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Enflo
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sundberg
authors.forename: Camilla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Romedahl
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McAllister
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004594:Electrophysiology / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005931:Glottis / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D009146:Music; D010699:Phonation / Q000502:physiology*; D011312:Pressure; D014732:Vibration; D014827:Vocal Cords / Q000502:physiology*; D014832:Voice Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D014833:Voice Quality / Q000502:physiology*; D014834:Voice Training; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D014867:Water
keywords: EGG; collision threshold pressure; phonation threshold pressure; semi-occluded vocal tract; voice therapy; voice training