title: Efficacy of inclusion of equine chorionic gonadotrophin into a treatment protocol for anoestrous dairy cows.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the performance of intravaginal devices containing 1.0 g (DIB) or 1.38 g (CIDR) progesterone and to determine the efficacy of inclusion of equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) into progesterone-based anoestrous cow treatment protocols for New Zealand dairy cows.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anoestrous cows (n = 1,906) from 12 herds were randomly assigned to four treatments: 100 μg gonadorelin (GnRH) at Day -10; 500 μg cloprostenol at Day -3; 100 μg GnRH at Day -1 and fixed time artificial insemination (FTAI) on Day 0 (gonadotrophin-prostaglandin-gonadotrophin [GPG] group, n = 475); GPG with CIDR device (1.38 g progesterone) inserted between Day -10 and Day -3 (CIDR group, n = 477); GPG with DIB device (1.0 g progesterone) inserted between Day -10 and Day -3 (DIB group, n = 477); and DIB with 400 IU eCG at Day -3 (DIB + eCG group, n = 477). Conception rates to FTAI and pregnancy at Day 28 were analysed using generalised estimating equations (GEE). Time to conception and time to return to oestrus were analysed using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox's proportional hazards regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The proportion of cows conceiving to FTAI was 0.34 (95%CI = 0.29-0.37), 0.38 (95%CI = 0.34-0.43), 0.38 (95%CI = 0.33-0.42) and 0.41 (95%CI = 0.37-0.46) for GPG, CIDR, DIB and DIB + eCG groups, respectively. The proportion of cows pregnant by Day 28 was 0.55 (95%CI = 0.51-0.60), 0.57 (95%CI = 0.52-0.61), 0.56 (95%CI = 0.52-0.60) and 0.63 (95%CI = 0.59-0.67) for GPG, CIDR, DIB and DIB + eCG groups, respectively. There was an interaction between treatment and number of days calved (p < 0.05). Cows more than 60 days calved and treated with DIB + eCG had higher FTAI conception and 28-day pregnancy rates than cows treated with GPG (p < 0.001). Median interval to conception did not differ between treatments (p > 0.05). There were no differences between DIB and CIDR groups for any parameter (p > 0.05). The range of the relative risk distribution among herds comparing DIB + eCG to DIB groups was greater than that comparing CIDR to DIB groups for conception to FTAI and pregnancy at Day 28.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The inclusion of eCG into progesterone-based anoestrous cow treatment protocols improves conception to FTAI and 28-day pregnancy rates in cows >60 days calved at treatment compared with a GPG protocol. There was no difference in clinical performance between DIB and CIDR devices.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of a low payload (1.0 g) progesterone releasing intravaginal device with eCG treatment at device removal within a GPG treatment is a clinically effective treatment for anoestrous in New Zealand dairy cows.
authors.affiliation: a Herd Health Pty. Ltd ., 65 Beet Road, Maffra , VIC , 3860 , Australia.
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Shephard
mesh_terms: D000780:Anestrus / Q000187:drug effects*; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000502:physiology*; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000145:classification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003612:Dairying; D004973:Estrus Synchronization / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006736:Horses; D007315:Insemination, Artificial / Q000662:veterinary; D011247:Pregnancy; D011374:Progesterone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; D011374:Progesterone