title: Relationships between serum osteocalcin levels versus blood glucose, insulin resistance and markers of systemic inflammation in central Indian type 2 diabetic patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent studies have demonstrated an endocrine role of osteoblast derived protein osteocalcin in the regulation of blood glucose homeostasis. In addition emerging evidence suggests that subclinical inflammation is associated with altered bone metabolism. However, the relationship between osteocalcin and inflammatory markers is still unclear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study was aimed to investigate the association of serum osteocalcin with fasting plasma glucose, insulin resistance and markers of systemic inflammation - interleukin-6 (IL-6) and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in central Indian type 2 diabetic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included 108 individuals with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and 50 age and body mass index (BMI) matched healthy subjects as controls. Blood samples were analyzed for fasting plasma glucose, fasting insulin, interleukin-6, hs-CRP and serum osteocalcin. Insulin resistance was calculated by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the present study we observed significantly lower level of osteocalcin in type 2 diabetic group compared to non diabetic control (p < 0.0001). In linear regression analysis adjusted for age, gender, BMI, waist circumference and waist to hip ratio, serum level of osteocalcin was inversely associated with fasting plasma glucose (beta = -0.015; p = 0.0004), fasting insulin (beta = -0.059; p = 0.0242), HOMA-IR (beta = -0.149; p = 0.0011), interleukin-6 (beta = -0.071; p = 0.0036) and hs-CRP levels (beta = -0.506; p = 0.0085) in the diabetic subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that osteoblast derived protein osteocalcin may have a wide ranging role in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes by being associated with both blood glucose homeostasis and systemic inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, MGM Medical College, Agra/Bombay Road, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Sarkar
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Choudhury
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000097:blood*; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D015675:Osteocalcin