title: PET imaging of stroke-induced neuroinflammation in mice using [18F]PBR06.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study is to evaluate the 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) radioligand [(18)F]N-fluoroacetyl-N-(2,5-dimethoxybenzyl)-2-phenoxyaniline ([(18)F]PBR06) as a positron emission tomography (PET) imaging biomarker of stroke-induced neuroinflammation in a rodent model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Stroke was induced by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in Balb/c mice. Dynamic PET/CT imaging with displacement and preblocking using PK111195 was performed 3 days later. PET data were correlated with immunohistochemistry (IHC) for the activated microglial markers TSPO and CD68 and with autoradiography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  [(18)F]PBR06 accumulation peaked within the first 5 min postinjection, then decreased gradually, remaining significantly higher in infarct compared to noninfarct regions. Displacement or preblocking with PK11195 eliminated the difference in [(18)F]PBR06 uptake between infarct and noninfarct regions. Autoradiography and IHC correlated well spatially with uptake on PET.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  [(18)F]PBR06 PET specifically images TSPO in microglial neuroinflammation in a mouse model of stroke and shows promise for imaging and monitoring microglial activation/neuroinflammation in other disease models.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Frederick M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Lartey
authors.forename: G-One
authors.initials: GO
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Keith-Travis
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Cord
authors.forename: Tenille
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Joshua Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Chua
authors.forename: Sahar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rosenblum
authors.forename: Hongguang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Michelle L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: James
authors.forename: Sophia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chernikova
authors.forename: Star W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Laura J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Pisani
authors.forename: Rabindra
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tirouvanziam
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Theo D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: Frederick T
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Chin
authors.forename: Raphael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Guzman
authors.forename: Edward E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Graves
authors.forename: Billy W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Loo
mesh_terms: D000083:Acetanilides; D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic / Q000378:metabolism; D001345:Autoradiography; D005260:Female; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007249:Inflammation / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D007546:Isoquinolines; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009420:Nervous System / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D011859:Radiography; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D000097382:CD68 Molecule
chemical_list: D000083:Acetanilides; D015703:Antigens, CD; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; D007546:Isoquinolines; C067980:CD68 antigen, human; D000097382:CD68 Molecule; C538798:N-fluoroacetyl-N-(2,5-dimethoxybenzyl)-2-phenoxyaniline; C037850:PK 11195