title: Methylation and expression of immune and inflammatory genes in the offspring of bariatric bypass surgery patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Maternal obesity, excess weight gain and overnutrition during pregnancy increase risks of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease in the offspring. Maternal biliopancreatic diversion is an effective treatment for severe obesity and is beneficial for offspring born after maternal surgery (AMS). These offspring exhibit lower severe obesity prevalence and improved cardiometabolic risk factors including inflammatory marker compared to siblings born before maternal surgery (BMS).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess relationships between maternal bariatric surgery and the methylation/expression of genes involved in the immune and inflammatory pathways.
  
  
  METHODS
  A differential gene methylation analysis was conducted in a sibling cohort of 25 BMS and 25 AMS offspring from 20 mothers. Following differential gene expression analysis (23 BMS and 23 AMS), pathway analysis was conducted. Correlations between gene methylation/expression and circulating inflammatory markers were computed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five immune and inflammatory pathways with significant overrepresentation of both differential gene methylation and expression were identified. In the IL-8 pathway, gene methylation correlated with both gene expression and plasma C-reactive protein levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that improvements in cardiometabolic risk markers in AMS compared to BMS offspring may be mediated through differential methylation of genes involved in immune and inflammatory pathways.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods-INAF, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guénard
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tchernof
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Deshaies
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cianflone
authors.forename: John G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Kral
authors.forename: Picard
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Marceau
authors.forename: Marie-Claude
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Vohl
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D050110:Bariatric Surgery; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019175:DNA Methylation; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D040941:Heredity; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000235:genetics; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009035:Mothers; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000601:surgery*; D010375:Pedigree; D011247:Pregnancy; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C508606:CXCL8 protein, human; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D016209:Interleukin-8; D002097:C-Reactive Protein