title: Immunity and inflammation in neurodegenerative diseases.
abstract: Immune reactions inside the central nervous system are finely regulated, thanks to the presence of several checkpoints that have the fundamental purpose to preserve this fragile tissue form harmful events. The current knowledge on the role of neuroinflammation and neuro-immune interactions in the fields of multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease is reviewed. Moreover, a focus on the potential role of both active and passive immunotherapy is provided. Finally, we propose a common perspective, which implies that, under pathological conditions, inflammation may exert both detrimental and protective functions, depending on local factors and the timing of immune activation and shutting-off systems.
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), University of Eastern Piedmont, "Amedeo Avogadro" Novara, Italy ; Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, "Amedeo Avogadro" Novara, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cappellano
authors.forename: Miryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carecchio
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fleetwood
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Magistrelli
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cantello
authors.forename: Umberto
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Dianzani
authors.forename: Cristoforo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Comi
keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; Multiple sclerosis; Parkinsons disease; neuro-immnue interactions; neuroinflammation