title: Pharmacotherapies for Overeating and Obesity.
abstract: Obesity has become pandemic, and the annual cost in related illnesses and loss of productivity is already over $100 billion and rising. Research has shown that obesity can and does cause changes in behavior and in the brain itself that are very similar to changes caused by drugs of abuse. While food addiction is not the causal agent of all obesity, it is clear that many people no longer eat to survive, but instead survive to eat. This review considers the importance of the brain's reward system in food intake. The review also examines research developments and current treatments for obesity, including diet and exercise, psychotherapy, surgical interventions, and pharmacotherapies. Finally we discuss alterations in American society that are necessary for change to occur, and the diffculties therein.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yarnell
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oscar-Berman
authors.forename: Nm
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Avena
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Blum
authors.forename: Ms
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gold
keywords: Brain reward circuitry; Dopamine; Obesity; Pharmacotherapies; Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS); Social change