title: Eye nutrition in context: mechanisms, implementation, and future directions.
abstract: Carotenoid-based visual cues and roles of carotenoids in human vision are reviewed, with an emphasis on protection by zeaxanthin and lutein against vision loss, and dietary sources of zeaxanthin and lutein are summarized. In addition, attention is given to synergistic interactions of zeaxanthin and lutein with other dietary factors affecting human vision (such as antioxidant vitamins, phenolics, and poly-unsaturated fatty acids) and the emerging mechanisms of these interactions. Emphasis is given to lipid oxidation products serving as messengers with functions in gene regulation. Lastly, the photo-physics of light collection and photoprotection in photosynthesis and vision are compared and their common principles identified as possible targets of future research.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0334, USA. Barbara.Demmig-Adams@colorado.edu
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Demmig-Adams
authors.forename: Robert B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Adams
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D004032:Diet; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005123:Eye / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D014975:Lutein / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009752:Nutritional Status; D019800:Phenol / Q000494:pharmacology; D014815:Vitamins / Q000494:pharmacology; D024341:Xanthophylls / Q000494:pharmacology*; D065146:Zeaxanthins
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D014815:Vitamins; D024341:Xanthophylls; D065146:Zeaxanthins; D019800:Phenol; D014975:Lutein