title: Hematopoietic cytokines as tumor markers in breast malignancies. A multivariate analysis with ROC curve in breast cancer patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Plasma levels of selected hematopoietic cytokines: interleukin 3 ( IL-3), stem cell factor (SCF), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), and the tumor marker carcinoma antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3) in breast cancer (BC) patients were investigated and compared to control groups: benign breast tumor patients and healthy subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cytokine levels were determined by ELISA, CA 15-3 - using the CMIA method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant differences in the concentration of cytokines (with the exception of IL-3) and CA15-3 between the groups of BC patients, benign breast tumor patients and the healthy controls have been demonstrated. M-CSF has demonstrated higher or equal to CA 15-3 values of diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and the predictive values of positive and negative test results. The M-CSF area under the ROC curve (AUC) was the largest from all the cytokines tested and marginally lower than the AUC of CA 15-3.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest the usefulness of M-CSF in diagnosing breast cancer, especially when discriminating between cancer and non-carcinoma lesions.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ławicki
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Będkowska
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wojtukiewicz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Szmitkowski
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000378:metabolism*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D018226:Fibroadenoma / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000097:blood; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007377:Interleukin-3 / Q000097:blood; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D018396:Mucin-1 / Q000097:blood; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology; D018300:Papilloma, Intraductal / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012372:ROC Curve; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D019089:Stem Cell Factor / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C508596:IL3 protein, human; D007377:Interleukin-3; D018396:Mucin-1; D019089:Stem Cell Factor; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor