title: Liver stiffness increases acutely during sickle cell vaso-occlusive crisis.
abstract: Acute vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC) in sickle cell disease (SCD) is an important cause of end-organ damage. It is estimated that 10-39% of VOC occurs with hepatic involvement. Current assessments of hepatic involvement during VOC are unsatisfactory. We investigated transient elastography (TE) as a marker of hepatic involvement, its relationship with histology, and biochemical markers during VOC. SCD patients were evaluated with biochemical markers and TE at steady-state and during VOC. Change in TE and biochemical markers were correlated with length of hospital stay. When available, liver biopsy and tricuspid regurgitation velocity (TRV) at steady-state were correlated with TE. Twenty-three patients were evaluated (mean age = 34.3 years, standard deviation = 7.96). In 15 patients with liver biopsies, TE correlated with fibrosis (P = 0.01) and TRV (P = 0.0063), but not hepatic iron. Hemolysis biomarkers changed during VOC (P < 0.022), but not alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Paired comparison of TE at steady-state and during VOC showed an increased from 6.2 to 12.3 kPa (P = 0.0029). Increasing TE during VOC associated with increasing ALT and alkaline phosphatase (P = 0.0088 and 0.0099, respectively). At steady-state, increasing inflammation on biopsy (P = 0.0037) and TRV (P = 0.0075) correlated with increasing TE during VOC. Increased hospital stay was associated with higher ALT (P = 0.041), lower albumin (P = 0.046), hemoglobin/hematocrit (P < 0.0021) but not TE. TE may identify patients with hepatic involvement during VOC independent of biochemical measures. Increase in TE may reflect both hepatic passive congestion and hepatic involvement during VOC. TE may serve as a physiological biomarker for hepatic features of VOC.
authors.affiliation: Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.forename: Tiffany
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: Xiongce
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Caterina P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Minniti
authors.forename: Jordan J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Feld
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Simpson
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Demino
authors.forename: Anna K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Conrey
authors.forename: Mary J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Seamon
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Kleiner
authors.forename: Gregory J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Theo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Heller
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000755:Anemia, Sickle Cell / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D015415:Biomarkers; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D004548:Elasticity; D054459:Elasticity Imaging Techniques; D005260:Female; D006461:Hemolysis; D048550:Hepatic Insufficiency / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014262:Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency / Q000209:etiology; D014689:Venous Insufficiency / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers