title: A four month prospective descriptive exploratory study of patients receiving antibiotics in one Emergency Department.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Any infection can potentially develop into sepsis. Many patients present to the Emergency Department (ED) with infection and go on to require antibiotics. However, the timeliness of antibiotics can make a difference to patient survival and reduce the risk of infection developing into sepsis and or septic shock.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our study was a 4month prospective descriptive exploratory pilot study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of all adult (n=18,807) presentations 3339 (18%) patients had a primary diagnosis related to infection. The study collected data on 104 (3%) patients who were administered antibiotics. One hundred (95%) patients who received antibiotics were admitted to hospital. Triage code did not influence time to antibiotic (p=.352). Eighty-five (81%) patients waited longer than 1h for their first antibiotic with the shortest administration time 19min (mean 233min, SD 247) and the maximum wait for antibiotics was 1481min. For sepsis or septic shock patients (n=8) the average time to antibiotics was 411min (SD=455min).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study provides a detailed analysis of ED patients receiving antibiotics. Further research is needed to identify strategies to improve the timely delivery of antibiotics for patients with infections.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery and Health University of Technology, Sydney, Australia. margaret.fry@uts.edu.au
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fry
authors.forename: Leanne
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Horvat
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roche
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fong
authors.forename: Joanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Plowes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001315:Australia; D057210:Delayed Diagnosis; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010343:Patient Admission / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010865:Pilot Projects; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018805:Sepsis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000517:prevention & control; D061665:Time-to-Treatment; D014218:Triage
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: Antibiotic time; Emergency care; Infection rate; Safety; Sepsis; Triage