title: Blind and sighted pedestrians' road-crossing judgments at a single-lane roundabout.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the relative risk and efficiency of road crossing experienced by blind and sighted pedestrians at a single-lane roundabout with two levels of traffic volume and at two distances from the roundabout.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  With the rapid spread of modern roundabouts across the United States,their accessibility to blind pedestrians has become an important concern. To date, accessibility research relevant to blind pedestrians has focused on multilane roundabouts, and single-lane roundabouts have been virtually ignored.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blind and sighted participants made judgments about when they would cross a single-lane roundabout with high and low traffic volumes, at exit and entry lanes, and at the actual crosswalks and at locations farther from the roundabout.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Relative to sighted participants, blind participants' judgments about when to cross were more frequently risky, especially when traffic volume was high. Blind participants also were slower to make crossing judgments and accepted fewer crossing opportunities. Both groups made somewhat safer and more efficient judgments at locations farther from the roundabout.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Some single-lane roundabouts may pose greater risk to blind pedestrians than to sighted pedestrians, especially when traffic volume is high. Crosswalk location merits further investigation as a design issue.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings are relevant to transportation planners and engineers who are responsible for the accessibility of public rights-of-way.
authors.affiliation: Department of Blindness and Low Vision Studies, Mailstop 5218, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008-5218, USA. david.guth@wmich.edu
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Guth
authors.forename: Richard G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Long
authors.forename: Robert S Wall
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Emerson
authors.forename: Paul E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Ponchillia
authors.forename: Daniel H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Ashmead
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001334:Automobile Driving; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007600:Judgment; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012449:Safety; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D019987:Persons with Visual Disabilities