title: Cartilage imaging in children: current indications, magnetic resonance imaging techniques, and imaging findings.
abstract: Evaluation of hyaline cartilage in pediatric patients requires in-depth understanding of normal physiologic changes in the developing skeleton. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is a powerful tool for morphologic and functional imaging of the cartilage. In this review article, current imaging indications for cartilage evaluation pertinent to the pediatric population are described. In particular, novel surgical techniques for cartilage repair and MR classification of cartilage injuries are summarized. The authors also provide a review of the normal anatomy and a concise description of the advances in quantitative cartilage imaging (ie, T2 mapping, delayed gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging of cartilage, and T1rho).
authors.affiliation: Perelman School of Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, 34th Street and Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. hov@email.chop.edu
authors.forename: Victor M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Ho-Fung
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jaramillo
mesh_terms: D002356:Cartilage / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology; D002357:Cartilage Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male
keywords: Articular cartilage; Epiphyseal cartilage; MRI functional cartilage imaging; MRI morphologic cartilage imaging; Physeal cartilage