title: Work-related injuries and fatalities on dairy farm operations-a global perspective.
abstract: Agriculture is among the most hazardous sectors for workers globally, and dairy farming has been associated with a high risk of injury among workers in several countries. The purpose of this paper is to provide an update on what is known about modern dairy farms and related injuries and fatalities in different regions of the world. As in other sectors of agriculture, fatalities appear to be associated with heavy equipment usage, whereas injuries occur at higher rates with animal production, specifically cattle and milk production. Dairy farming is associated with higher rates of injury as compared with other industrial sectors, but a lack of work-related injury reporting continues to be an issue in several countries. Worker fatality associated with heavy equipment use is not a new observation (e.g., tractors); however, manure-handling systems, livestock handling, and quad bike operation continue to be associated with worker injuries and fatalities on modern farms. Opportunities exist for improvement of safety-related equipment to reduce injury and fatality risk during worker interactions with large animals and farm equipment.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, University of Texas, San Antonio Regional Campus, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA. david.i.douphrate@uth.tmc.edu
authors.forename: David I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Douphrate
authors.forename: Lorann
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Stallones
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lunner Kolstrup
authors.forename: Matthew W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Nonnenmann
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pinzke
authors.forename: G Robert
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Hagevoort
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lundqvist
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jakob
authors.forename: Huiyun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jarvie
authors.forename: Stephen A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: McCurdy
authors.forename: Sue
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: Tony
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lower
mesh_terms: D000062:Accidents, Occupational / Q000401:mortality / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000382:Agricultural Workers' Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D000818:Animals; D001315:Australia; D002681:China; D003612:Dairying; D006801:Humans; D058751:Livestock; D008372:Manure; D009520:New Zealand; D012449:Safety; D013548:Sweden; D014481:United States; D017132:Workplace
chemical_list: D008372:Manure