title: Effect of Breath Holding on Spleen Volume Measured by Magnetic Resonance Imaging.
abstract: Ultrasonographic studies have demonstrated transient reduction in spleen volume in relation to apnea diving. We measured spleen volume under various respiratory conditions by MR imaging to accurately determine the influence of ordinary breath holding on spleen volumetry.
  
  
  
  Twelve healthy adult volunteers were examined. Contiguous MR images of the spleen were acquired during free breathing and during respiratory manipulations, including breath holding at the end of normal expiration, breath holding at deep inspiration, and the valsalva maneuver, and spleen volume was measured from each image set based on the sum-of-areas method. Acquisition during free breathing was performed with respiratory triggering. The duration of each respiratory manipulation was 30 s, and five sets of MR images were acquired serially during each manipulation.
  
  
  
  Baseline spleen volume before respiratory manipulation was 173.0 ± 79.7 mL, and the coefficient of variance for two baseline measures was 1.4% ± 1.6%, suggesting excellent repeatability. Spleen volume decreased significantly just after the commencement of respiratory manipulation, remained constant during the manipulation, and returned to the control value 2 min after the cessation of the manipulation, irrespective of manipulation type. The percentages of volume reduction were 10.2% ± 2.9%, 10.2% ± 3.5%, and 13.3% ± 5.7% during expiration breath holding, deep-inspiration breath holding, and the valsalva maneuver, respectively, and these values did not differ significantly.
  
  
  
  Spleen volume is reduced during short breath-hold apnea in healthy adults. Physiological responses of the spleen to respiratory manipulations should be considered in the measurement and interpretation of spleen volume.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Ai
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mizukami
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hata
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D062485:Breath Holding; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D013154:Spleen / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology*