title: Appropriateness of drug dose and frequency in patients with renal dysfunction in a tertiary care hospital: A cross-sectional study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Study was aimed to assess the accuracy of drug dose and its frequency in patients with renal dysfunction in a tertiary care hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective observational study. Patients > 18 years old, with the serum creatinine (SCr) level > 1.4 mg/dl were included. Drugs prescribed to these patients were recorded in case record form. Drugs for which the dose was adjusted according to the clinical response to therapy, not according to SCr level (i.e., angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, diuretics, B blockers, anti-diabetics, etc.) were not taken into consideration. Based on the creatinine clearance which was calculated by Cockroft-Gault formula, dose and frequency of prescribed drugs were assessed using "Drug prescribing in renal failure - dosing guidelines for adults, 4(th) edition" and by another literature. Data was analyzed using Statistical Product and Service Solutions by IBM corporation version 17.0 software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total 278 indoor patients were screened, out of which 205 patients included. Total drugs prescribed to the patients were 1338 with the average of 6.53 drugs per patient. Out of these 180 (13.45%) drugs needed dose adjustment. Among them only 34 (18.89%) drugs were adjusted appropriately, and rest 146 (81.11%) were not adjusted. The most common group of drug that need dose adjustment was anti-microbials (144, 80%) with levofloxacin as individual drug.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study emphasizes the importance of patients with renal dysfunction and implementing appropriate dose adjustments. This study also suggests intervention such as on-line information to assist dose guidelines and participation of clinical pharmacologist could improve patient outcome.
authors.affiliation: Medical and Scientific Affairs, Lambda Therapeutic Research Ltd., Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Arpit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Prajapati
authors.forename: Barna
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ganguly
keywords: Chronic kidney disease; clearance; creatinine; dose adjustment