title: Sodium butyrate reverses the inhibition of Krebs cycle enzymes induced by amphetamine in the rat brain.
abstract: There is increasing interest in the possibility that mitochondrial impairment may play an important role in bipolar disorder (BD). The Krebs cycle is the central point of oxidative metabolism, providing carbon for biosynthesis and reducing agents for generation of ATP. Recently, studies have suggested that histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors may have antimanic effects. The present study aims to investigate the effects of sodium butyrate (SB), a HDAC inhibitor, on Krebs cycle enzymes activity in the brain of rats subjected to an animal model of mania induced by D-amphetamine (D-AMPH). Wistar rats were first given D-AMPH or saline (Sal) for 14 days, and then, between days 8 and 14, rats were treated with SB or Sal. The citrate synthase (CS), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) were evaluated in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and striatum of rats. The D-AMPH administration inhibited Krebs cycle enzymes activity in all analyzed brain structures and SB reversed D-AMPH-induced dysfunction analyzed in all brain regions. These findings suggest that Krebs cycle enzymes' inhibition can be an important link for the mitochondrial dysfunction seen in BD and SB exerts protective effects against the D-AMPH-induced Krebs cycle enzymes' dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), and Center of Excellence in Applied Neurosciences of Santa Catarina (NENASC), Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, 88806-000, Brazil, samirasv@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Samira S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Valvassori
authors.forename: Karen V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Calixto
authors.forename: Josiane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Budni
authors.forename: Wilson R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Resende
authors.forename: Roger B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Varela
authors.forename: Karolina V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: de Freitas
authors.forename: Cinara L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.forename: Emilio L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Streck
authors.forename: João
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Quevedo
mesh_terms: D000661:Amphetamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D020148:Butyric Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000494:pharmacology; D002950:Citrate (si)-Synthase / Q000378:metabolism*; D002952:Citric Acid Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D006633:Histamine Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008291:Malate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013385:Succinate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D006633:Histamine Antagonists; D020148:Butyric Acid; D000661:Amphetamine; D008291:Malate Dehydrogenase; D013385:Succinate Dehydrogenase; D002950:Citrate (si)-Synthase