title: Retained fibrin sheaths: chest computed tomography findings and clinical associations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Fibrin sheaths may develop around long-term indwelling central venous catheters (CVCs) and remain in place after the catheters are removed. We evaluated the prevalence, computed tomographic (CT) appearance, and clinical associations of retained fibrin sheaths after CVC removal.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively identified 147 adults (77 men and 70 women; mean age 58 y) who underwent CT after CVC removal. The prevalence of fibrin sheath remnants was calculated. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess for associations between sheath remnants and underlying diagnoses leading to CVC placement; patients' age and sex; venous stenosis, occlusion, and collaterals; CVC infection; and pulmonary embolism.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Retained fibrin sheaths were present in 13.6% (20/147) of cases, of which 45% (9/20) were calcified. Bivariate analysis revealed sheath remnants to be more common in women than in men [23% (16/70) vs. 5% (4/77), P=0.0018] and to be more commonly associated with venous occlusion and collaterals [30% (6/20) vs. 5% (6/127), P=0.0001 and 30% (6/20) vs. 6% (7/127), P=0.0003, respectively]. Other variables were not associated. Multivariate analysis confirmed the relationship between fibrin sheaths and both female sex (P=0.005) and venous occlusion (P=0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Retained fibrin sheaths were seen on CT in a substantial minority of patients after CVC removal; nearly half of them were calcified. They were more common in women and associated with venous occlusion.
authors.affiliation: Departments of *Radiology §Medicine ∥Family and Social Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx †Department of Radiology, Staten Island University Hospital, Staten Island, NY ‡Department of Radiology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Krausz
authors.forename: Jessica S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: Galia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rosen
authors.forename: Linda B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Haramati
authors.forename: Vineet R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.forename: William B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Burton
authors.forename: Alla
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Godelman
authors.forename: Jeffrey M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Levsky
authors.forename: Benjamin H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Taragin
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cynamon
authors.forename: Galit
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Aviram
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002405:Catheterization, Central Venous / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling / Q000009:adverse effects; D062905:Central Venous Catheters / Q000009:adverse effects*; D020878:Device Removal; D005260:Female; D005337:Fibrin; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D061205:Vascular Calcification / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D005337:Fibrin