title: Deciphering the evolution of herbicide resistance in weeds.
abstract: Resistance to herbicides in arable weeds is increasing rapidly worldwide and threatening global food security. Resistance has now been reported to all major herbicide modes of action despite the development of resistance management strategies in the 1990s. We review here recent advances in understanding the genetic bases and evolutionary drivers of herbicide resistance that highlight the complex nature of selection for this adaptive trait. Whereas early studied cases of resistance were highly herbicide-specific and largely under monogenic control, cases of greatest concern today generally involve resistance to multiple modes of action, are under polygenic control, and are derived from pre-existing stress response pathways. Although 'omics' approaches should enable unraveling the genetic bases of complex resistances, the appearance, selection, and spread of herbicide resistance in weed populations can only be fully elucidated by focusing on evolutionary dynamics and implementing integrative modeling efforts.
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1347 Agroécologie, Dijon 21000, France. Electronic address: delye@dijon.inra.fr.
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Délye
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jasieniuk
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Le Corre
mesh_terms: D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D056426:Genetic Loci; D053209:Herbicide Resistance / Q000235:genetics*; D006540:Herbicides / Q000494:pharmacology; D009154:Mutation; D057685:Plant Weeds / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D006540:Herbicides
keywords: evolutionary rescue; fitness cost; herbicide resistance; pleiotropic effects; stress response; weed evolution