title: Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Stachys officinalis (L.) Trevis. (Lamiaceae).
abstract: Characterization by GC-FID and GC/MS analyses of the Stachys officinalis (L.) Trevis. essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation of the aerial parts allowed the identification of 190 components that represented 97.9% of the total oil content. The main constituents identified were germacrene D (19.9%), β-caryophyllene (14.1%), and α-humulene (7.5%). Terpenoids were by far predominant (89.4%), with sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (69.1%) and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (14.8%) being the most abundant compounds detected in the oil. Based on the present and previously published results, multivariate statistical comparison of the chemical composition of the essential oils was performed within the species. Principal component analysis (PCA) and agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC) of the data on the volatile profiles of S. officinalis taxa revealed no pronounced differences among the samples originated from the Balkan Peninsula. Additionally, the oil was screened for in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activity using the broth microdilution assay. The oil's best antimicrobial activities were obtained against the mold Aspergillus niger (minimal inhibitory (MIC) and minimal fungicidal (MFC) concentrations of 2.5 and 5.0 mg/ml, resp.) and the yeast Candida albicans (MIC and MFC of 5.0 mg/ml).
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Niš, Bul. dr Zorana Ðinđića 81, RS-18000 Niš. jelena217@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Jelena S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lazarević
authors.forename: Aleksandra S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Đorđević
authors.forename: Dušanka V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Kitić
authors.forename: Bojan K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Zlatković
authors.forename: Gordana S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Stojanović
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D001234:Aspergillus niger / Q000187:drug effects; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D035261:Plant Components, Aerial / Q000737:chemistry; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D031366:Stachys / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D009822:Oils, Volatile
keywords: Agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC); Antimicrobial activity; Essential oils; Multivariate analysis (MVA); Principal component analysis (PCA); Stachys officinalis