title: Interleukin 11 protects bone marrow mitochondria from radiation damage.
abstract: Interleukin 11 (IL-11) is a multifunctional cytokine isolated from bone marrow (BM)-derived stromal cells that promotes hematopoiesis and prolongs the life span of lethally irradiated animals. However, the underlying mechanism for the protective effect of IL-11 on BM is unclear. In this study, we explored the effect of IL-11 on irradiated BM cells. Freshly harvested BM cells were pretreated with 20 ng/ml of recombinant IL-11 for 30 min, irradiated with a dose of 0.5 Gy, cultured for 24 h, and then subjected to several assays. In vitro data showed that, as compared to the vehicle controls, IL-11: (1) reduced the production of reactive oxygen species; (2) reduced the alteration of mitochondrial membrane potential; (3) increased MitoTracker staining, suggesting that the number of mitochondria and their functions were better maintained; and (4) reduced apoptosis of BM cells and enhanced BM cell proliferation. In vivo studies of mice pretreated with saline or 100 μg/kg of IL-11 at 12 and 2 h before 10-Gy total body irradiation (TBI) demonstrated that G-CSF and IL-6 were significantly upregulated, whereas IL-2 and IL-4 were reduced. We found that IL-11 protects mitochondrial functions, acts with G-CSF and IL-6 to stimulate the growth of radiation-damaged BM, and reduces the immune response to radiation injury.
authors.affiliation: Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P. R. China.|Department of Radiation Oncology, UF Shands Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Luqiang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, UF Shands Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Zhenhuan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, UF Shands Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.|Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
authors.forename: Wenlong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, UF Shands Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, UF Shands Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Shanmin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, UF Shands Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Liangjie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
authors.forename: Jinsheng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
authors.forename: Deping
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
authors.forename: Chun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, UF Shands Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Swarts
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, UF Shands Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Sadasivan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vidyasagar
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, UF Shands Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Okunieff
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, UF Shands Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA. lurongzhang@ufl.edu.
authors.forename: Lurong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects*; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D048708:Cell Growth Processes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D017370:Interleukin-11 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D051379:Mice; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects*; D011833:Radiation Injuries, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D014916:Whole-Body Irradiation / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D017370:Interleukin-11; D015850:Interleukin-6; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor