title: Impact of closed-system drug transfer device on exposure of environment and healthcare provider to cyclophosphamide in Japanese hospital.
abstract: In spite of current recommended safe handling procedures, the potential for the exposure of healthcare providers to hazardous drugs exists in the workplace. A reliance on biological safety cabinets to provide total protection against the exposure to hazardous drugs is insufficient. Preventing workplace contamination is the best strategy to minimize cytotoxic drug exposure in healthcare providers. This study was conducted to compare surface contamination and personnel exposure to cyclophosphamide before and after the implementation of a closed-system drug transfer device, PhaSeal, under the influence of cleaning according to the Japanese guidelines. Personnel exposure was evaluated by collecting 24 h urine samples from 4 pharmacists. Surface contamination was assessed by the wiping test. Four of 6 wipe samples collected before PhaSeal indicated a detectable level of cyclophosphamide. About 7 months after the initiation of PhaSeal, only one of 6 wipe samples indicated a detectable level of cyclophosphamide. Although all 4 employees who provided urine samples had positive results for the urinary excretion of cyclophosphamide before PhaSeal, these levels returned to minimal levels in 2 pharmacists after PhaSeal. In combination with the biological safety cabinet and cleaning according to the Japanese guidelines, PhaSeal further reduces surface contamination and healthcare providers exposure to cyclophosphamide to almost undetectable levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Ise Red Cross Hospital, Mie, Japan ; Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmaceutics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyake
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iwamoto
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanimura
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okuda
keywords: Cyclophosphamide; Japanese guidelines; PhaSeal; Surface contamination, exposure of healthcare provider