title: Accumulation of sensory difficulties predicts fear of falling in older women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore whether the accumulation of sensory difficulties predicts fear of falling (FOF), and whether the traits correlate with each other regardless of familial factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Self-reported hearing, vision and balance difficulties, and FOF were assessed using structured questionnaires at the baseline and after a 3-year follow-up in 63- to 76-year-old women (n = 434).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the women without FOF at baseline (n = 245), 41% reported FOF at follow-up. Increasing numbers of sensory difficulties at baseline predicted higher incidence of FOF. The relationship between accumulated sensory difficulties and FOF was not mediated by familial factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The accumulation of multiple sensory difficulties may hinder older people from receiving compensatory information about body position and environment, thus jeopardizing a person's confidence in maintaining a balanced position. Regular screening of sensory functions followed by appropriate actions may prevent the development of FOF, and thus contribute to prevention of falls and promotion of healthy aging.
authors.affiliation: Gerontology Research Center and Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland. anne.viljanen@jyu.fi
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Viljanen
authors.forename: Jenni
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kulmala
authors.forename: Merja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rantakokko
authors.forename: Markku
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koskenvuo
authors.forename: Jaakko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kaprio
authors.forename: Taina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rantanen
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls; D000368:Aged; D005239:Fear; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006311:Hearing Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D004856:Postural Balance; D012678:Sensation Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology
keywords: aging; fear of falling; hearing; postural balance; vision