title: Health-related quality of life in fathers of children with or without developmental disability: the mediating effect of parental stress.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aims of this study were to compare parental stress and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) between Taiwanese fathers of children with and without developmental disabilities (DDs) and to examine the mediating effect of parental stress on the association between having a child with DD and paternal HRQOL within Chinese culture.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional, prospective, unmatched case-control study included 206 fathers of children with DDs and 207 fathers of healthy children. HRQOL was assessed by the SF-36 short-form questionnaire, and parental stress was assessed by the Chinese version Parental Stress Scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fathers of children with DDs experienced poorer mental and physical HRQOL and higher parental stress than fathers of healthy children. Parental stress acted as a complete mediator for paternal physical HRQOL, while parental stress had a partial mediating effect on the relationship between having a child with DD and paternal mental HRQOL. Having a child with DD also directly affected paternal mental HRQOL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fathers of children with DDs should be monitored for parental stress and HRQOL, and interventions should be provided to empower them with the knowledge and skills to reduce their stress and to enhance their HRQOL.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, HungKuang University, 34 Chung-Chie Rd., Sha Lu, Taichung, 433, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Yu-Ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Ming-yuh
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Yu-Lin
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.forename: Fei-Chen
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Lai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005219:Father-Child Relations; D005220:Fathers / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology