title: The increasing use of robot-assisted approach for hysterectomy results in decreasing rates of abdominal hysterectomy and traditional laparoscopic hysterectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the frequency of minimally invasive surgical approach to hysterectomy between two time periods, during which the use of the robotic technique has rapidly increased.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study is a retrospective review of 623 consecutive patients who underwent hysterectomy for benign indications at the Division of Minimally Invasive Gynecologic Surgery via laparoscopic, robotic, laparotomy, mini-laparotomy and vaginal approaches from July 2004 to June 2010. "Early period" refers to the first 311 patients, and "late period" refers to the remaining 312 patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The characteristics of patients from the early and late periods were comparable in terms of age, BMI and uterine weight. The rates of hysterectomy by laparotomy, traditional laparoscopy, robotic, vaginal, and mini-laparotomy were significantly different between the early and late periods (17.7 to 5.4%, 39.5 to 17.6%, 23.8 to 64.1%, 5.8 to 4.8% and 13.2 to 8%, respectively, P < 0.01), with the overall rates of hysterectomies completed via a minimally invasive approach increasing from 82.3 to 94.6%, respectively (P < 0.01). There were no differences in surgical complications between the two periods.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased utilization of a robotic approach to hysterectomy correlates with decreasing rates of abdominal hysterectomy concurrent with decreasing rates of traditional laparoscopic hysterectomy. This shift in surgical approach to hysterectomy, while beneficial in increasing the rates of minimally invasive approach to hysterectomy, may have significant economic implications due to the higher cost of robotic surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Michigan Health System, L4100 Women's Hospital, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA, noam_yossi@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Noam
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Smorgick
authors.forename: Kristin E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Patzkowsky
authors.forename: Mark R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.forename: Arnold P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Advincula
authors.forename: Arleen H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Sawsan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: As-Sanie
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012371:Robotics / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D014599:Uterus / Q000601:surgery*