title: Clinical significance of E-cadherin, β-catenin, vimentin and S100A4 expression in completely resected squamous cell lung carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of E-cadherin, β-catenin, vimentin and S100A4 expression in a cohort of squamous cell lung carcinoma (SqCC) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tumours from 204 patients with surgically resected SqCC were used for the immunohistochemical analyses of E-cadherin, β-catenin, vimentin and S100A4 expression. Correlations between the expression of these markers and clinicopathological parameters were analysed using the χ(2) test. The prognostic value of these markers was evaluated using univariate Kaplan-Meier survival analyses and multivariate Cox proportional hazards model analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant associations between E-cadherin expression and T stage (p=0.040), histological differentiation (p=0.005), lymph node metastasis (p<0.001), and recurrence (p<0.001) were identified. Decreased β-catenin expression was significantly correlated with T stage (p=0.003) and lymph node metastasis (p=0.010). Vimentin expression was associated with histological differentiation (p=0.017) and lymph node metastasis (p=0.001). Moreover, significant correlations were observed between S100A4 expression and lymph node metastasis (p=0.020) and recurrence (p<0.001). In the univariate analyses, high E-cadherin expression was a positive indicator for overall survival (OS) (p<0.001) and disease-free survival (DFS) (p<0.001), whereas high S100A4 or vimentin expression were negative indicators for OS (p<0.001 and p=0.010, respectively) and DFS (p<0.001 and p=0.006, respectively). In the multivariate analyses, E-cadherin and S100A4 expression were independent prognostic factors for OS (HR 0.697, 95% CI 0.524 to 0.926, p=0.013, and HR 1.508, 95% CI 1.122 to 2.027, p=0.007, respectively) and DFS (HR 0.634, 95% CI 0.471 to 0.852, p=0.003, and HR 1.490, 95% CI 1.101 to 2.015, p=0.010, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Effective analysis of E-cadherin and S100A4 expression may allow for the identification of patients who are at a high risk of recurrence and poor prognosis in SqCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Lung Cancer, Cancer Institute and Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, , Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Dongsheng
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yue
authors.forename: Liuwei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Daowei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hongdian
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Changli
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D015820:Cadherins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012307:Risk Factors; D000071999:S100 Calcium-Binding Protein A4; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis; D014746:Vimentin / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D051176:beta Catenin / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D015820:Cadherins; D000071999:S100 Calcium-Binding Protein A4; D009418:S100 Proteins; D014746:Vimentin; D051176:beta Catenin; C077591:S100A4 protein, human
keywords: Immunohistochemistry; Lung Cancer; Oncology