title: Clinical and critical care concerns of cranio-facial trauma: A retrospective study in a tertiary care institute.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Maxillofacial trauma is commonly associated with other injuries, predominantly head injuries. The predictors of outcome in such concomitant injuries have been studied the least. The present study aims at the evaluation of types of injury, management and outcome of patients sustaining maxillofacial trauma and concomitant cranial injuries.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study was carried out in the department of anesthesiology and intensive care. A case series of 129 patients was evaluated who were admitted in ICU (Intensive Care Unit) with maxillofacial trauma and head injuries. The data was then compiled systematically and analyzed using SPSS windows and value of P < 0.05 was considered significant and P < 0.001 as highly significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 129 patients, majority of them had roadside accidents (RSA > 90%) and male gender predominance with male to female ratio of 5: 1. Fracture maxilla and nasal bones were the most commonly encountered injuries (51.93%) followed by mandibular fractures (39.53%) and fracture of zygomatic bones (28.68%). Eighty five patients (65.90%) required mechanical ventilation, tracheostomy was needed in 29 (22.48%) patients and 81 (62.8%) patients were operated for head injuries as well. Majority of the victims were aged between 15 and 40 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Maxillofacial trauma and cranial injuries are common among young males and so is the nature of injuries, that is, RSA. Besides facial injuries, head injuries are important determinant of outcome in such patients. Timely resuscitation and surgical interventions at specialized centers are of prime importance as far as a better prognosis is concerned in such injuries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Gian Sagar Medical College and Hospital, Banur, Patiala, Punjab, India.
authors.forename: Sukhminder Jit Singh
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Bajwa
authors.forename: Jasbir
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kaur
authors.forename: Amarjit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Vinod
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kapoor
authors.forename: Gavinder Singh
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Bindra
authors.forename: Gagandeep Singh
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Ghai
keywords: Craniofacial trauma; head injuries; maxillofacial injury; mechanical ventilation; tracheal intubation; tracheostomy