title: Validation of the General Practitioner Assessment of Cognition - Chinese version (GPCOG-C) in China.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To assess the reliability, validity, and diagnostic utility of the Chinese version of General Practitioner Assessment of Cognition (GPCOG-C). The GPCOG, which is specifically designed for use in primary care to screen for cognitive impairment, consists of a patient section testing cognition, and an informant section asking about decline in cognitive and functional abilities.
  
  
  METHODS
  The English version of GPCOG was translated, back-translated, and subsequently revised to determine the final GPCOG-C. Our sample comprised 253 community-dwelling volunteers with memory concerns aged 50 years and over and 103 outpatients of a psychogeriatric clinic with memory complaints. Participants were assessed by one of the four general practitioners or six psychogeriatricians. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Hasegawa's Dementia Scale (HDS), and the GPCOG-C were compared against the DSM-IV-defined dementia diagnosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The internal consistency (Cronbach's α) was 0.68 for the GPCOG patient section. The test-retest was 0.98 for the GPCOG-C total. The sequential administration of both components of GPCOG-C had a sensitivity of 97% and a specificity of 89%, with a positive predictive value of 72% and a negative predictive value of 99%. Both the GPCOG-C total and sequential two-stage scoring methods performed at least well as the MMSE and HDS in detecting dementia. The administration time for the two-stage approach was 4.3 ± 2.4 min.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The GPCOG-C is a valid, time efficient instrument for dementia screening in China.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychogeriatrics, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, and Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Shifu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Minjie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Katrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Seeher
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Brodaty
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002681:China; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003704:Dementia / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D058006:General Practice / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014175:Translating