title: A sustainable city environment through child safety and mobility-a challenge based on ITS?
abstract: Our cities should be designed to accommodate everybody, including children. We will not move toward a more sustainable society unless we accept that children are people with transportation needs, and 'bussing' them around, or providing parental limousine services at all times, will not lead to sustainability. Rather, we will need to make our cities walkable for children, at least those above a certain age. Safety has two main aspects, traffic safety and personal safety (risk of assault). Besides being safe, children will also need an urban environment with reasonable mobility, where they themselves can reach destinations with reasonable effort; else they will still need to be driven. This paper presents the results of two expert questionnaires focusing on the potential safety and mobility benefits to child pedestrians of targeted types of intelligent transportation systems (ITS). Five different types of functional requests for children were identified based on previous work. The first expert questionnaire was structured to collect expert opinions on which ITS solutions or devices would be, and why, the most relevant ones to satisfy the five different functional requests of child pedestrians. Based on the first questionnaire, fifteen problem areas were defined. In the second questionnaire, the experts ranked the fifteen areas, and prioritized related ITS services, according to their potential for developing ITS services beneficial to children. Several ITS systems for improving pedestrian quality are discussed. ITS services can be used when a pedestrian route takes them to a dangerous street, dangerous crossing point or through a dangerous neighborhood. An improvement of safety and other qualities would lead to increased mobility and a more sustainable way of living. Children would learn how to live to support their own health and a sustainable city environment. But it will be up to national, regional and local governments, through their ministries and agencies and public works departments, to promote, fund, and possibly mandate such systems. It is clear that we need to offer an acceptable level of convenience, efficiency, comfort, safety and security to pedestrians but it is less clear if society will prioritize resources toward this.
authors.affiliation: VTT, P.O. Box 1000, FIN-02044 VTT, Finland; Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden. Electronic address: lars.leden@vtt.fi.
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Leden
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gårder
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schirokoff
authors.forename: Hector
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Monterde-i-Bort
authors.forename: Charlotta
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.forename: Socrates
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Basbas
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002958:City Planning / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004779:Environment Design / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012449:Safety; D017751:Safety Management / Q000379:methods*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014186:Transportation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014754:Violence / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016138:Walking / Q000293:injuries / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
keywords: Children; Intelligent transportation systems; Mobility; Safety; Survey