title: Reactive oxygen species in chronic rhinosinusitis and secondhand smoke exposure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can potentiate cellular injury and inflammation. This study aimed to (1) assess the presence of reactive oxygen species in the sinus tissue of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and (2) assess the impact of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Academic medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sinus tissue samples from patients undergoing sinus surgery were analyzed using diaminobenzidine (DAB) staining to assess for ROS. Stained specimens were photographed at random by a blinded photographer and then quantified by 3 blinded graders. The patient's SHS exposure was determined by hair nicotine levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  were compared between non-smoke exposed cohorts and those exposed to secondhand smoke and by diagnosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-nine adults undergoing sinus surgery were included in the study. For the non-SHS-exposed cohorts, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) had the highest number of DAB+ cells/high-powered field (hpf) followed by chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) and controls. When comparing the control patients to their SHS-exposed counterparts, SHS exposure yielded statistically significantly higher levels of DAB-positive cells/hpf. SHS exposure did not affect DAB staining in CRSsNP or CRSwNP patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ROS are differentially expressed in various subtypes of CRS. SHS exposure increases ROS in sinus tissue of control patients, but the clinical significance of this is unclear.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: M Taylor
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Fordham
authors.forename: Jennifer K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Mulligan
authors.forename: Sarah E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Casey
authors.forename: Ryan M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Mulligan
authors.forename: Eric W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: E Ritter
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Sansoni
authors.forename: Rodney J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Schlosser
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000378:metabolism*; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000378:metabolism*; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution
keywords: chronic rhinosinusitis; nasal polyps; reactive oxygen species; secondhand smoke