title: Polarizable water models from mixed computational and empirical optimization.
abstract: Here we suggest a mixed computational and empirical approach serving to optimize the parameters of complex and polarizable molecular mechanics (PMM) models for complicated liquids. The computational part of the parameter optimization relies on hybrid calculations combining density functional theory (DFT) for a solute molecule with a PMM treatment of its solvent environment at well-defined thermodynamic conditions. As an application we have developed PMM models for water featuring ν = 3, 4, and 5 points of force action, a Gaussian inducible dipole and a Buckingham potential at the oxygen, the experimental liquid phase geometry, the experimental gas phase polarizability α(exp)(g) = 1.47 Å³, and, for ν = 4 and 5, the gas phase value μ(exp)(g) = 1.855 D for the static dipole moment. The widths of the Gaussian dipoles and, for ν = 4 and 5, also the electrostatic geometries of these so-called TLνP models are derived from self-consistent DFT/PMM calculations, and the parameters of the Buckingham potentials (and the static TL3P dipole moment) are estimated from molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The high quality of the resulting models is demonstrated for the observables targeted during optimization (potential energy per molecule, pressure, radial distribution functions) and a series of predicted properties (quadrupole moments, density at constant pressure, dielectric constant, diffusivity, viscosity, compressibility, heat capacity) at certain standard conditions. Remaining deficiencies and possible ways for their removal are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Lehrstuhl für Biomolekulare Optik, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Oettingenstrasse 67, D-80538 München, Germany.
authors.forename: Philipp
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tröster
authors.forename: Konstantin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lorenzen
authors.forename: Magnus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schwörer
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tavan
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011789:Quantum Theory; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D014867:Water