title: Animal models in translational studies of PTSD.
abstract: Understanding the neurobiological mechanisms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is of vital importance for developing biomarkers and more effective pharmacotherapy for this disorder. The design of bidirectional translational studies addressing all facets of PTSD is needed. Animal models of PTSD are needed not only to capture the complexity of PTSD behavioral characteristics, but also to address experimentally the influence of variety of factors which might determine an individual's vulnerability or resilience to trauma, e.g., genetic predisposition, early-life experience and social support. The current review covers recent translational approaches to bridge the gap between human and animal PTSD research and to create a framework for discovery of biomarkers and novel therapeutics.
authors.affiliation: Traumatic Stress Studies Division & Laboratory of Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA; Mental Health Care Center, PTSD Clinical Research Program & Laboratory of Clinical Neuroendocrinology and Neurochemistry, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, USA.
authors.forename: Nikolaos P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Daskalakis
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yehuda
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Diamond
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D005260:Female; D059647:Gene-Environment Interaction; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006728:Hormones / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007206:Individuality; D008297:Male; D008959:Models, Neurological; D008960:Models, Psychological; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000502:physiology; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013045:Species Specificity; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D057170:Translational Research, Biomedical; D035862:Vulnerable Populations
chemical_list: D006728:Hormones; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs
keywords: Animal model; Biomarkers; Individual differences; PTSD; Post-traumatic stress disorder; Therapeutics; Translational