title: Prevalence and risk factor analysis of nephrosclerosis and ischemic nephropathy in the Japanese general population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nephrosclerosis/ischemic nephropathy (NS/IN) ranks third among renal diseases requiring dialysis in Japan. Although it is an important renal disease in terms of frequency, its prevalence, new incidence, and risk factors are not fully elucidated.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed the prevalence, incidence, concurrent diseases, and risk factors of NS/IN by using data from specific health checkups of Kumamoto citizens between 2008 and 2010.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although the prevalence of NS/IN was 1-2 % in people in their 40s, it increased sharply with age, reaching 17.6 % in people aged 70-74 years. The incidence of new NS/IN was 0.4-0.5 % per year. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, factors such as age, male gender, body mass index (BMI), hyperuricemia, hypertension, and dyslipidemia correlated with NS/IN. When risk factors associated with NS/IN progress were evaluated by multivariate logistic regression analysis, four factors-male gender, hypertension, BMI, and current smoking-significantly correlated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The analysis of Kumamoto citizens aged 40-74 years receiving specific health checkups showed that in addition to hypertension and age that were considered important, male gender and obesity are also risk factors for NS/IS independent from hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Life Sciences, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan, naokis@kumamoto-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shiraishi
authors.forename: Kenichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kitamura
authors.forename: Yukimasa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kohda
authors.forename: Kunitoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Iseki
authors.forename: Kimio
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tomita
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications*; D015994:Incidence; D007511:Ischemia / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009400:Nephrosclerosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications*; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors