title: Arthroscopic capsular release for refractory shoulder stiffness.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the results of the arthroscopic treatment of refractory adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder with two to nine years of follow-up, comparing the pre- and postoperative range of motion.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was an observational study (case series) of 18 patients who underwent arthroscopic capsular release for refractory shoulder stiffness. The mean age was of 53.6 years (range: 39 to 68), with female predominance (77.77%) and nine cases left shoulders. There were 6 primary (33.33%) and 12 secondary cases (66.67%). Arthroscopic capsular release was performed in all patients after a mean of 9.33 months of physical therapy (range: 6 to 20 months) with a minimum follow-up of two years (range: 26 to 110 months).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean active and passive forward flexion, external rotation and internal rotation increased from 94.4°/103.3°, 11.9°/21.9°, and S1/L5 vertebral level, respectively, to 151.1°/153.8°, 57.2°/64.4°, and T12/T10 vertebral level, respectively. There was a significant difference between the pre- and postoperative range of motion (p < 0.001). According to the Constant-Murley functional score (ROM), the value increased from 14 (preoperative mean) to 30 points (postoperative mean). Postoperatively, all patients showed diminished shoulder pain (none or mild/15 or 10 points in the Constant-Murley score).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Arthroscopic treatment is an effective treatment for refractory shoulder stiffness.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ortopedics and Traumatology, Medical School, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Go, Brazil. marcosombro@ig.com.br
authors.forename: Marcos Rassi
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Fernandes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002062:Bursitis / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D057913:Joint Capsule Release; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Amplitude de movimento articular; Arthroscopy; Articulação do ombro; Artroscopia; Capsular release; Dor de ombro; Frozen shoulder; Glenohumeral joint; Liberação capsular; Ombro congelado; Passive range of motion; Shoulder pain