title: Time perception distortion in neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders.
abstract: There is no sense organ specifically dedicated to time perception, as there is for other senses such as hearing and vision. However, this subjective sense of time is fundamental to our conception of reality and it creates the temporal course of events in our lives. Here, we explored neurobiological relations from the clinical perspective, examining timing ability in patients with different neurological and psychiatric conditions (e.g. Parkinson's disease, depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders and schizophrenia). The neural bases of present distortions in time perception and temporal information processing still remain poorly understood. We reviewed: a) how the brain is capable of encoding time in different environments and multiple tasks, b) different models of interval timing, c) brain structures and neurotransmitters associated with time perception, d) the relationship between memory and time perception, e) neural mechanisms underlying different theories in neural and mental processes, and f) the relationship between different mental diseases and time perception. Bibliographic research was conducted based on publications over the past thirteen years written in English in the databases Scielo, Pubmed/MEDLINE, ISI Web of Knowledge. The time perceptions research are executed to evaluate time perception in mental diseases and can provide evidence for future clinical applications.
authors.affiliation: Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), Brazil.
authors.forename: Silmar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.forename: Flavia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Paes
authors.forename: Bruna
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Velasques
authors.forename: Julio Guilherme
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Antonio L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Sanfim
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Minc
authors.forename: Renato
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Anghinah
authors.forename: Luciano L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Menegaldo
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salama
authors.forename: Mauricio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cagy
authors.forename: Antonio E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Nardi
authors.forename: Ernst
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pöppel
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.forename: Elzbieta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Szelag
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.forename: Oscar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Arias-Carrión
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D010468:Perceptual Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D013998:Time Perception / Q000502:physiology*