title: Treatment of strongyloidiasis in HTLV-1 and Strongyloides stercoralis coinfected patients is associated with increased TNFα and decreased soluble IL2 receptor levels.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection has been associated with recurrent and disseminated strongyloidiasis and adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL).
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared immunological aspects and markers for ATLL in HTLV-1 patients with or without strongyloidiasis, and evaluated the influence of Strongyloides stercoralis treatment on the immune response and clinical outcomes of HTLV-1 infection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Levels of TNFα and IFNγ were lower in patients coinfected with HTLV-1 and S. stercoralis than in patients with HTLV-1 only (p < 0.05), and there was an increase in TNFα levels after anthelmintic treatment. Levels of sIL-2R were higher in patients with HTLV-1 coinfected with S. stercoralis and anthelmintic treatment decreased sIL-2R levels (p < 0.05). The one patient who developed ATLL was coinfected with S. stercoralis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data show that helminthic infection has a modulatory role in HTLV-1 infection and that S. stercoralis may be a cofactor in the development of ATLL.
authors.affiliation: Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernanda
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Salles
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bacellar
authors.forename: Mirla
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amorim
authors.forename: Glória
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Orge
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sundberg
authors.forename: Márcia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.forename: Silvane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Aurélia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Porto
authors.forename: Edgar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Carvalho
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D000871:Anthelmintics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D060085:Coinfection; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D015490:HTLV-I Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D015368:Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D015459:Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D017171:Strongyloides stercoralis / Q000276:immunology; D013322:Strongyloidiasis / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000871:Anthelmintics; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
keywords: ATLL; HTLV-1; Interleukin-2 receptor; Leukemia; Strongyloides stercoralis; sIL-2R