title: Impact of seasonality on the prevalence of dyslipidemia: a large population study.
abstract: Assessment of lipid profile parameters has been considered a cornerstone in classifying individuals and populations at risk for cardiovascular disease. Recently, however, preliminary data have raised the possibility of seasonal variations in these parameters, which may cause under- or overestimation. Biological rhythms and seasonal variation of lipid profile was investigated in 227 359 consecutive individuals who underwent health checkups in primary care centers between 2008 and 2010. Plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) >130 mg/dL was 8% more prevalent during winter than summer, with a larger difference among women and middle-aged adults (p < 0.001). High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) <40 mg/dL and triglycerides (TG) >150 mg/dL were respectively 9% and 5% more prevalent during the summer (p < 0.001). Variation amplitude was 3.4 ± 0.3 mg/dL for HDL-C (p = 0.005), 7 ± 2 mg/dL for LDL-C (p = 0.047), and 12 ± 9 mg/dL for TG (p = 0.058). Based on a large population sample, this study confirms the existence of biological rhythms and seasonal variation in lipid profile. This finding must be particularly accounted for in cross-sectional analyses of relative risk, prevalence, or the rate of goal achievement for lipid parameters.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Filipe A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Moura
authors.forename: Marcelo S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Dutra-Rodrigues
authors.forename: Angela S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Cassol
authors.forename: Eliane S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Parra
authors.forename: Vanessa H S
authors.initials: VH
authors.lastname: Zago
authors.forename: Natalia B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Panzoldo
authors.forename: Fernanda
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Alexandre
authors.forename: Isabela C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.forename: Felipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vendrame
authors.forename: Vitor W
authors.initials: VW
authors.lastname: Virginio
authors.forename: Vera S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Castanho
authors.forename: Mirian R G
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Danelon
authors.forename: Valeria S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Nunes
authors.forename: Camila C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Leança
authors.forename: Francisco K
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: Saraiva
authors.forename: Otavio R
authors.initials: OR
authors.lastname: Coelho
authors.forename: Edna
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nakandakare
authors.forename: Eder C R
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Quintão
authors.forename: Eliana Cotta
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: de Faria
authors.forename: Andrei C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Sposito
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017711:Nonlinear Dynamics; D010507:Periodicity; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012621:Seasons; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012737:Sex Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D014280:Triglycerides