title: Preventive and therapeutic effects of Danhong injection on lipopolysaccharide induced acute lung injury in mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Danhong injection (DHI), a Chinese Materia Medica standardized product extracted from Radix et Rhizoma Salviae Miltiorrhizae (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge., Labiatae, Danshen in Chinese) and Flos Carthami (Carthamus tinctorius L., Compositae, Honghua in Chinese), has been reported to have anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and anti-fibrinolytic properties, which is used extensively for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases in clinic.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study aimed to investigate the preventive and therapeutic effects of DHI on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Lung injury was induced by intranasal instillation with 10 μg LPS. Mice were randomly divided into four groups: Control group; LPS group; LPS+5 ml/kg DHI group and LPS+10 ml/kg DHI group. The effects of DHI on LPS-induced neutrophils influx, inflammatory cytokines release, protein leakage, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, malondialdehyde (MDA) level were examined. In addition, the NF-κB activation in lung tissues was detected by Western blot.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In LPS challenged mice, DHI significantly reduced the infiltration of activated neutrophils and decreased the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). DHI also inhibited protein extravasation in BALF, attenuated edema and the pathological changes in the lung. In addition, DHI markedly prevented LPS-induced elevation of MDA and MPO levels, as well as reduction of SOD activity. Further study demonstrated that DHI effectively inhibited the NF-κB activation in lung tissues.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DHI has been demonstrated to protect mice from LPS induced acute lung injury by its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zengcheng people's hospital (Boji-affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-Sen university), Guangzhou 511300, China.
authors.forename: Li-Mei
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Zi-Ran
authors.initials: ZR
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Shi-Xin
authors.initials: SX
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yin-Ling
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Si-Yu
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Jian-Bin
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.forename: Han-Sheng
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D055371:Acute Lung Injury / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D002681:China; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020834:Ethnopharmacology; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D020556:Neutrophil Infiltration / Q000187:drug effects; D009929:Organ Size; D011654:Pulmonary Edema / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D016207:Cytokines; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; C540581:danhong; C482199:lipopolysaccharide, E coli O55-B5
keywords: ALI; ARDS; Acute lung injury; Anti-inflammatory; Anti-oxidative; DHI; Danhong injection; ELISA; IL-6; LPS; MDA; MPO; NF-κB; SOD; TNF-α; acute lung injury; acute respiratory distress syndrome; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; interleukin-6; lipopolysaccharide; malondialdehyde; myeloperoxidase; nuclear factor-kappa B; superoxide dismutase; tumor necrosis factor-α