title: Associations of occupational attributes and excessive drinking.
abstract: Numerous work-related drinking mechanisms have been posited and, oftentimes, examined in isolation. We combined data from over 100 occupational attributes into several factors and tested the association of these factors with measures of alcohol use. We used the NLSY79 2006 wave, a U.S. representative sample of 6426 workers ages 41 to 49 and the 2006 Occupational Information Network database (O*NET), a nationally representative sample of nearly 1000 occupations. We conducted exploratory factor analysis on 119 occupational attributes and found three independent workplace characteristics - physical demands, job autonomy, and social engagement - explained the majority of the variation. We then tested the association of these composite attributes with three drinking measures, before and after adjusting for gender, race/ethnicity, and a measure of human capital using count data models. We then stratified by gender and repeated our analyses. Men working in occupations with a one standard deviation higher level of physical demand (e.g. construction) reported a higher number of heavy drinking occasions (+20%, p < 0.05). Job autonomy was not significantly associated with measures of alcohol use and when the combined association of higher levels of physical demand and lower levels of job autonomy was examined, modest support for job strain as a mechanism for work-related alcohol consumption was found. In our pooled sample, working in occupations with one standard deviation higher levels of social engagement was associated with lower numbers of drinking days (-9%, p < 0.05) after adjustment. Physical demand and social engagement were associated with alcohol consumption measures but these relationships varied by workers' gender. Future areas of research should include confirmatory analyses using other waves of O*Net data and replicating the current analysis in other samples of workers. If our results are validated, they suggest male workers in high physical demand occupations could be targets for intervention.
authors.affiliation: Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, VCU School of Medicine, P.O. Box 980430, Richmond, VA 23298-0430, United States. abarnes3@vcu.edu
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Barnes
authors.forename: Frederick J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Zimmerman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007400:Interprofessional Relations; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009790:Occupations / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005082:Physical Exertion; D017009:Professional Autonomy; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D017132:Workplace / Q000523:psychology
keywords: Alcohol; Binge drinking; Excessive drinking; Heavy drinking; Job autonomy; Job demand; Job strain; Occupation