title: Hydrogen content in titanium and a titanium-zirconium alloy after acid etching.
abstract: Dental implant alloys made from titanium and zirconium are known for their high mechanical strength, fracture toughness and corrosion resistance in comparison with commercially pure titanium. The aim of the study was to investigate possible differences in the surface chemistry and/or surface topography of titanium and titanium-zirconium surfaces after sand blasting and acid etching. The two surfaces were compared by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, secondary ion mass spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and profilometry. The 1.9 times greater surface hydrogen concentration of titanium zirconium compared to titanium was found to be the major difference between the two materials. Zirconium appeared to enhance hydride formation on titanium alloys when etched in acid. Surface topography revealed significant differences on the micro and nanoscale. Surface roughness was increased significantly (p<0.01) on the titanium-zirconium alloy. High-resolution images showed nanostructures only present on titanium zirconium.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials, Institute for Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1109, Blindern, NO-0317 Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Matthias J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.forename: Martin S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Walter
authors.forename: S Petter
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Lyngstadaas
authors.forename: Erich
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wintermantel
authors.forename: Håvard J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Haugen
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental; D000497:Alloys / Q000737:chemistry*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D006859:Hydrogen / Q000032:analysis*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000032:analysis; D056951:Photoelectron Spectroscopy; D013499:Surface Properties; D013816:Thermodynamics; D014025:Titanium / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D015040:Zirconium / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; D006859:Hydrogen; D015040:Zirconium; D014025:Titanium; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Acid etching; Dental implants; Surface treatment; Titanium hydride; Titanium–zirconium