title: Determination and evaluation of the metals and metalloids in the Chapeu-de-couro (Echinodorus macrophyllus (Kunth) Micheli).
abstract: The Chapeu-de-couro (Echinodorus macrophyllus (Kunth) Micheli) is a native plant from Brazil, which has been mainly used in medicinal application being a potent antirheumatic and diuretic, in the production of soft drinks, and also in the ornamentation of aquariums. In this paper, the metals and metalloids for the leaves of chapeu-de-couro collected in the Paraguacu River from the city Cachoeira, Bahia State, Brazil, was determined and evaluated using multivariate analysis. The samples were digested using nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide and were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The accuracy of the method was confirmed by analysis of a certified reference material of apple leaves, furnished by National Institute of Standard and Technology. The study involved 15 samples of the Paraguacu River. The results expressed as milligrams of element per kilogram of sample demonstrated that the concentration ranges varied: 1.39-5.27 for chromium, 44.85-165.39 for manganese, 0.55-0.84 for arsenic, 0.01-3.94 for antimony, and 0.18-0.31 for lead. The principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis evidenced that the concentrations of the metals and metalloids varied according with the variations in the water of the Paraguacu.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Analítica, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Ondina, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. uendersonaraujo@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Uenderson Araujo
authors.initials: UA
authors.lastname: Barbosa
authors.forename: Ivanice Ferreira
authors.initials: IF
authors.lastname: dos Santos
authors.forename: Ana Maria Pinto
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: dos Santos
authors.forename: Debora Correia
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: dos Santos
authors.forename: Grenivel Mota
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: da Costa
mesh_terms: D034901:Alismataceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D000965:Antimony / Q000032:analysis; D001151:Arsenic / Q000032:analysis; D001938:Brazil; D002104:Cadmium / Q000032:analysis; D002857:Chromium / Q000032:analysis; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000737:chemistry; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis; D008345:Manganese / Q000032:analysis; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D058955:Metalloids / Q000032:analysis*; D008670:Metals / Q000032:analysis*; D017942:Nitric Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D045483:Rivers; D014867:Water / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D058955:Metalloids; D008670:Metals; D002104:Cadmium; D014867:Water; D002857:Chromium; D007854:Lead; D017942:Nitric Acid; D008345:Manganese; D000965:Antimony; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D001151:Arsenic