title: Psychometric properties and validation of the Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness questionnaire.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize the psychometric properties of the standard patient evaluation of eye dryness (SPEED) questionnaire and to validate and compare its performance with 4 existing dry eye questionnaires.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 50 subjects (40 female and 10 male) were enrolled; of these, 30 were symptomatic and 20 asymptomatic, as determined using the ocular surface disease index (OSDI). This study consisted of 2 visits in which all subjects completed 5 different dry eye questionnaires (SPEED, OSDI, dry eye questionnaire, McMonnies dry eye questionnaire, and subjective evaluation of symptom of dryness) in random order at each visit. Clinical measurements were obtained on the first visit. Repeatability was determined using concordance correlation coefficient; dimensionality was determined using principal component, factor, and Rasch analyses; and validity was determined by comparing SPEED scores with dry eye diagnosis based on OSDI (primarily using receiver-operator curve analysis).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The SPEED questionnaire data were found to be unidimensional and repeatable. Three principal components (dryness, burning, and soreness/fatigue) were identified and SPEED between visit concordance correlation coefficient was 0.923 (95% confidence interval, 0.868-0.955). The area under the receiver-operator curves was 0.928. The only clinical measures that correlated "well" with SPEED questionnaire scores were corneal staining (P < 0.05), meibomian gland score (P < 0.05), and meibomian glands yielding liquid secretion score (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The SPEED questionnaire was shown to be a repeatable and valid instrument for measurement of dry eye symptoms. The SPEED score also correlated significantly with ocular surface staining and clinical measures of meibomian gland function.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Contact Lens Research, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ngo
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Situ
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Keir
authors.forename: Donald
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Korb
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Blackie
authors.forename: Trefford
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Simpson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D015352:Dry Eye Syndromes / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008537:Meibomian Glands / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D011594:Psychometrics; D012372:ROC Curve; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018434:Sickness Impact Profile; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013666:Tears / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult