title: Use of peritoneal dialysis in AKI: a systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The role of peritoneal dialysis in the management of AKI is not well defined, although it remains frequently used, especially in low-resource settings. A systematic review was performed to describe outcomes in AKI treated with peritoneal dialysis and compare peritoneal dialysis with extracorporeal blood purification, such as continuous or intermittent hemodialysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched in July of 2012. Eligible studies selected were observational cohort or randomized adult population studies on peritoneal dialysis in the setting of AKI. The primary outcome of interest was all-cause mortality. Summary estimates of odds ratio were obtained using a random effects model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 982 citations, 24 studies (n=1556 patients) were identified. The overall methodological quality was low. Thirteen studies described patients (n=597) treated with peritoneal dialysis only; pooled mortality was 39.3%. In 11 studies (7 cohort studies and 4 randomized trials), patients received peritoneal dialysis (n=392, pooled mortality=58.0%) or extracorporeal blood purification (n=567, pooled mortality=56.1%). In the cohort studies, there was no difference in mortality between peritoneal dialysis and extracorporeal blood purification (odds ratio, 0.96; 95% confidence interval, 0.53 to 1.71). In four randomized trials, there was also no difference in mortality (odds ratio, 1.50; 95% confidence interval, 0.46 to 4.86); however, heterogeneity was significant (I(2)=73%, P=0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is currently no evidence to suggest significant differences in mortality between peritoneal dialysis and extracorporeal blood purification in AKI. There is a need for good-quality evidence in this important area.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy;, †Division of Renal Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore;, ‡Manik Hospital and Research Centre, Aurangabad, India;, §Hospital of St. Raphael, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut;, ‖International Renal Research Institute Vicenza (IRRIV), Vicenza, Italy, ¶Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California.
authors.forename: Chang Yin
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chionh
authors.forename: Sachin S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Soni
authors.forename: Fredric O
authors.initials: FO
authors.lastname: Finkelstein
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ronco
authors.forename: Dinna N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Cruz
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects