title: Effect of adhesion boosters on indirect bracket bonding.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the influence of two adhesion boosters on shear bond strength and on the bond failure location of indirectly bonded brackets.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty bovine incisors were randomly divided into three groups (n = 20), and their buccal faces were etched using 37% phosphoric acid. In group 1 (control), brackets were indirectly bonded using only Sondhi adhesive. In groups 2 and 3, the adhesion boosters Enhance Adhesion Booster and Assure Universal Bonding Resin, respectively, were applied before bonding with Sondhi. Maximum bond strength was measured with a universal testing machine, and the location of bond failure was evaluated using the Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI). One-way analysis of variance followed by the Tukey test (P < .05) was used to compare the shear bond strength among groups, and the differences in ARI scores were evaluated using the Kruskal-Wallis test (P < .05). The Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated to determine whether there was any correlation between bond strength and ARI scores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean shear bond strength in group 3 was significantly higher (P < .01) than in the other groups. Evaluation of the locations of bond failure revealed differences (P < .05) among the three groups. There was a moderate correlation between bond strength and ARI scores within group 3 (r  =  0.5860, P < .01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In vitro shear bond strength was acceptable in all groups. The use of the Assure adhesion booster significantly increased both the shear bond strength of indirectly bonded brackets and the amount of adhesive that remained on the enamel after bracket debonding.
authors.affiliation: a  Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lylian Kazumi
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Kanashiro
authors.forename: Julissa Janet
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Robles-Ruíz
authors.forename: Ana Lidia
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Ciamponi
authors.forename: Igor Studart
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Medeiros
authors.forename: Gladys Cristina
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Dominguez
authors.forename: Solange Mongelli
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: de Fantini
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental / Q000379:methods; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D020770:Compomers / Q000737:chemistry; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000379:methods*; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation; D008422:Materials Testing; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D010756:Phosphoric Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D011897:Random Allocation; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D033081:Shear Strength; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: C438705:Assure cement; D020770:Compomers; D003738:Dental Cements; C414342:Enhance LC; D010756:Phosphoric Acids; D019279:Resin Cements; C477791:Sondhi Indirect Bonding Resin; D014867:Water; C030242:phosphoric acid