title: Surgical anatomy of penis in exstrophy-epispadias: a study of arrangement of fascial planes and superficial vessels of surgical significance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the anatomic arrangement of the fascial planes and superficial vessels in relationship to the laid-open urethral plate, glans, corpus spongiosum, and corpora cavernosa in the penis of patients with exstrophy or epispadias.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of 6 patients, 4 had classic exstrophy and 2 had incontinent epispadias. These patients had presented beyond adolescence without previous intervention and were selected for the present study. Using a 1.5-T magnetic resonance imaging scanner and compatible 3-in. surface coil, the epispadiac penises were studied using fast spin echo sequences and contrast-enhanced sequences. In 2 patients, angiography of the superficial vessels was also performed using multidetector row helical computed tomography. The imaging findings were also verified during the subsequent reconstructive surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A clear demarcation of the skin, dartos fascia, Buck's fascia, corpora cavernosa, corpus spongiosum, and the intraglanular planes were seen with the course of the blood vessels. The penile dartos received axial pattern vessels from the external pudendal vessels, with collateral branches from the dorsal penile artery as transverse branches at the shaft of the penis and preputial branches at the coronal sulcus. Buck's fascia sleeved the corpora cavernosa, enveloped the neurovascular bundle, and fused with the corpus spongiosum without crossing the midline. Intraglanular extension of Buck's fascia separated the intraglanular vascular arcade from the tip of the corpora.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Parallel to the ventral midline, axial pattern vessels to the skin-dartos complex are present, with an additional supply to the prepuce from the terminal penile arteries. These findings can be used for designing the skin coverage. The subfascial plane between the tip of the corpora and the intraglanular vascular arcade and the plane of cleavage between the cavernosa-spongiosum interface can be used for efficient corporal urethral separation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. Electronic address: snkkgmu@rediffmail.com.
authors.forename: Shiv Narain
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Kureel
authors.forename: Archika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Chandra Shekhar
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Manoj
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kumar
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001746:Bladder Exstrophy / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D004842:Epispadias / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D005205:Fascia / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D010413:Penis / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D055815:Young Adult