title: Verbal ability and language outcome following traumatic brain injury in early childhood.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate language outcomes of TBI in preschool-aged children. Competent early language skills are pivotal for the future development of literacy skills. While previous research has reported that traumatic brain injury (TBI) places children at risk of language impairments, the majority of these studies have been conducted with school-aged children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children aged 4 to 6 years who had sustained a mild (N = 19) or moderate/severe (N = 16) TBI prior to 3 years of age and a control group (N = 20) of typically developing children matched for age, gender, and socioeconomic status.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Wechsler Preschool and Primary School Scale of Intelligence, Third Edition, measured Verbal IQ. The Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals-Preschool version and the Bus Story Test measured language skills.
  
  
  RESULTS
  More severely injured children displayed greater impairments in verbal intellectual abilities and language skills compared with children with mild TBI and uninjured children. Children with mild TBI performed similarly to children in the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Language appears vulnerable to TBI and should be investigated as a matter of course in clinical assessments of TBI recovery.
authors.affiliation: Murdoch Childrens Research Institute (Drs Crowe, Anderson, Babl Barton, and Catroppa), University of Melbourne (Drs Crowe, Anderson, Babl and Catroppa), and Royal Children's Hospital (Drs Anderson and Babl), Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Louise M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Crowe
authors.forename: Vicki
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Barton
authors.forename: Franz E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Babl
authors.forename: Cathy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Catroppa
mesh_terms: D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007360:Intelligence; D007806:Language Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012923:Social Class; D014888:Wechsler Scales