title: Molecular biology based assessment of green tea effects on oxidative stress and cardiac remodelling in dialysis patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cardiovascular disease, the most common cause for morbidity and mortality in end-stage renal disease (ESRD), has prompted the exploration of multiple approaches to improve outcomes. Cardiovascular risk factors such as oxidative stress (OxSt) and cardiac remodelling are common in ESRD and dialysis patients. Green tea (GT) is well recognized as reducing OxSt. This 6 months study evaluated in 20 ESRD patients under chronic dialysis, the effect of GT treatment (1 g/day as commercially available capsule) on cellular and plasma OxSt and proliferation related markers using a molecular biology approach.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mononuclear cell p22(phox), Haeme Oxygenase (HO)-1 protein expression, and phosphorylated ERK1/2 status were evaluated in dialysis patients at baseline, after 3 and 6 months of GT treatment by Western blot analysis and plasma oxLDL by ELISA. Cardiac remodelling was assessed by echocardiographic left ventricular (LV) mass determination at baseline and at the end of the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GT treatment reduced p22(phox) and pERK1/2 from baseline while HO-1 increased. At baseline, LV mass correlated with both p22(phox) and oxLDL. GT treatment decreased LV mass from baseline, which correlated with oxLDL. 9 patients had LV hypertrophy at baseline, which, at 6 months, was normalized in 5 and reduced in 3, showing a parallel decrease of p22(phox), pERK1/2, oxLDL and increase of HO-1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment with GT decreased the expression of OxSt-related proteins tightly associated with cardiovascular disease and decreased LV mass. It appears highly likely that the addition of GT can provide a benefit in terms of cardiovascular protection in dialysis patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Padova-University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy. Electronic address: renzcalo@unipd.it.
authors.forename: Lorenzo A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Calo
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Padova-University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: Ugo
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Vertolli
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Padova-University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: Lucia Dal
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Maso
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Padova-University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pagnin
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Padova-University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: Verdiana
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ravarotto
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Padova-University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Maiolino
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, University of Padova-University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lupia
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Padova-University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: Teresa M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Seccia
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Padova-University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: Gian Paolo
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Rossi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects*; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013662:Tea / Q000737:chemistry*; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013662:Tea; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein; C496541:HMOX1 protein, human; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1
keywords: Cardiac remodelling; Dialysis; Green Tea; Inflammation; Oxidative stress