title: Use of an adjustable hand plate in studying the perceived horizontal plane during simulated flight.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Quantitative data on spatial orientation would be valuable not only in assessing the fidelity of flight simulators, but also in evaluation of spatial orientation training. In this study a manual indicator was used for recording the subjective horizontal plane during simulated flight.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a six-degrees-of-freedom hexapod hydraulic motion platform simulator, simulating an F-16 aircraft, seven fixed-wing student pilots were passively exposed to two flight sequences. The first consisted in a number of coordinated turns with visual contact with the landscape below. The visually presented roll tilt was up to a maximum 670. The second was a takeoff with a cabin pitch up of 100, whereupon external visual references were lost. The subjects continuously indicated, with the left hand on an adjustable plate, what they perceived as horizontal in roll and pitch. There were two test occasions separated by a 3-d course on spatial disorientation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Responses to changes in simulated roll were, in general, instantaneous. The indicated roll tilt was approximately 30% of the visually presented roll. There was a considerable interindividual variability. However, for the roll response there was a correlation between the two occasions. The amplitude of the response to the pitch up of the cabin was approximately 75%; the response decayed much more slowly than the stimulus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With a manual indicator for recording the subjective horizontal plane, individual characteristics in the response to visual tilt stimuli may be detected, suggesting a potential for evaluation of simulation algorithms or training programs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Physiology, School of Technology and Health, Royal Institute of Technology, KTH, Solna, Sweden. arne.tribukait@sth.kth.se
authors.forename: Arne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tribukait
authors.forename: Ola
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Eiken
authors.forename: Dag
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lemming
authors.forename: Britta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Levin
mesh_terms: D000337:Aerospace Medicine; D001359:Aviation / Q000193:education*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009039:Motion Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology*; D011434:Proprioception / Q000502:physiology*; D013028:Space Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D014584:User-Computer Interface; D014722:Vestibule, Labyrinth / Q000502:physiology*