title: High prevalence of osteoporosis in patients with chronic pancreatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patients with chronic pancreatitis may be at high risk for osteoporosis and osteopenia. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia in patients with chronic pancreatitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Articles were identified from MEDLINE, EMBASE, and SCOPUS databases (through October 2012) and a manual search of the literature. The primary outcome measure was bone density, measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (T-score or Z-score). When available, data on the prevalence of osteopenia, bone mineral density, and bone mineral content also were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten studies including 513 patients were eligible for inclusion. Based on a random-effects model, the pooled prevalence rate for osteoporosis among patients with chronic pancreatitis was 23.4% (95% confidence interval, 16.6-32.0). The pooled prevalence for osteopenia was 39.8% (95% confidence interval, 29.1-51.6). The pooled prevalence rate for either osteoporosis or osteopenia was 65% (95% confidence interval, 54.7-74.0).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on meta-analysis, almost 1 of 4 patients with chronic pancreatitis have osteoporosis, and almost two-thirds of patients have either osteoporosis or osteopenia. Osteoporosis and osteopenia are underappreciated sources of morbidity in patients with chronic pancreatitis. Bone health management guidelines are urgently required in patients with chronic pancreatitis.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Pancreatico-Biliary Diseases, Professorial Surgical Unit, Trinity College Dublin, Tallaght Hospital, Dublin, Ireland. Electronic address: siduggan@tcd.ie.
authors.forename: Sinead N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Duggan
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Tallaght Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Niamh D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Smyth
authors.affiliation: Tallaght Hospital Library, Tallaght Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.affiliation: Hamilton Library, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Macnaughton
authors.affiliation: Small Intestinal Rehabilitation & Transplant Center, Clinical Nutrition Service, Pittsburgh University Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Stephen J D
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: O'Keefe
authors.affiliation: Centre for Pancreatico-Biliary Diseases, Professorial Surgical Unit, Trinity College Dublin, Tallaght Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Kevin C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Conlon
mesh_terms: D015992:Body Mass Index; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology; D001851:Bone Diseases, Metabolic / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D050500:Pancreatitis, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: BMC; BMD; BMI; Bone Disease; DXA; Demineralization; Metabolic; Risk Factor; body mass index; bone mineral content; bone mineral density; dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry