title: Sudden gains as a long-term predictor of treatment improvement among children in community mental health organizations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sudden gains have been described as rapid, sizeable changes observed between treatment sessions and have been associated with improved treatment outcome in adults. The current study examined weekly sudden gains among children seeking treatment in the community mental health setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 161 children (age M = 10.58, SD = 1.73; 69.6% male; 47.8% Caucasian) and their parents who were randomized to one of three treatment modalities and were administered weekly and quarterly assessments throughout treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When idiographic (youth- and parent-identified "top problems") and nomothetic measures (standardized checklists) were used to calculate sudden gains (i.e., gain must be large: in absolute terms, relative to prior session, and relative to changes in prior and subsequent sessions), 20-42% of participants experienced at least one sudden gain during treatment. Most sudden gains occurred early in treatment, and session content of relaxation was associated with sudden gain presence. Using a modified Bonferonni correction, sudden gains predicted overall symptom levels at final assessment (i.e., last assessment obtained following post-treatment) even after controlling for pre-treatment symptom levels and magnitude of the overall gain from pre- to post-treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Suddenness of gains may have a direct effect on long-term treatment outcome among children in the community.
authors.affiliation: University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Psychology, 1285 Franz Hall, Box 951563, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563, USA.
authors.forename: Halina J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Dour
authors.forename: Bruce F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Chorpita
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Weisz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000628:therapy*; D002648:Child; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D003156:Community Mental Health Services; D019955:Conduct Disorder / Q000628:therapy*; D003863:Depression / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006254:Hawaii; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008404:Massachusetts; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012064:Relaxation Therapy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: Externalizing; Internalizing; Sudden gain; Treatment outcome; Youth