title: Micturition-induced seizures: a rare form of reflex epilepsy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Reflex seizures are referred to as epileptic seizures that are consistently precipitated by a specific sensory stimulus. Reflex seizures induced by micturition are very rare, and few cases have been described.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study reports a case of an 11-year-old girl with seizures provoked by micturition with reference made to previously reported cases in the literature. Seizures were characterized by head and eye deviation to the right, flexed dystonic posturing of the left upper limb, extension of the right upper limb, and eventual generalized tonic-clonic seizure. Ictal electroencephalogram revealed clear electrographic evolution from the midcentral region with secondary generalization. Magnetic resonance imaging of the head was normal. Seizures were treated with a combination of lacosamide and clobazam.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A midcentral ictal focus is in keeping with previous reports of this area as a potential epileptogenic center for micturition-induced seizures.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster Children's Hospital, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada. robyn.whitney@medportal.ca
authors.forename: Robyn
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Whitney
authors.forename: David J A
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Callen
mesh_terms: D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods; D020195:Epilepsy, Reflex / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D012640:Seizures / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D014554:Urination / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants