title: Where to from here for exercise-induced bronchoconstriction: the unanswered questions.
abstract: The role of epithelial injury is an unanswered question in those with established asthma and in elite athletes who develop features of asthma and exercise-induced bronchorestriction (EIB) after years of training. The movement of water in response to changes in osmolarity is likely to be an important signal to the epithelium that may be central to the onset of EIB. It is generally accepted that the mast cell and its mediators play a major role in EIB and the presence of eosinophils is likely to enhance EIB severity.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Washington, Department of Medicine, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Box 356166, Seattle, WA 98195-6522, USA. tealh@uw.edu
authors.forename: Teal S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Hallstrand
authors.forename: Pascale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kippelen
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Larsson
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bougault
authors.forename: Janneke C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: van Leeuwen
authors.forename: Jean M M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Driessen
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Brannan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020346:Aquaporins / Q000378:metabolism; D001250:Asthma, Exercise-Induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D002648:Child; D004777:Environment; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008055:Lipids / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000276:immunology; D010641:Phenotype; D020545:Respiratory Mucosa / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D013551:Swimming Pools
chemical_list: D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents; D020346:Aquaporins; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D008055:Lipids
keywords: Eicosanoids; Epithelium; Injury; Mast cells; Sensory nerves; Water transport