title: Role of vascular endothelial progenitor cells in construction of new vascular loop.
abstract: Since bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have been detected in adult peripheral blood, the mode of vasculogenesis in the adult tissue has caught attention in field of vascularization research. To confirm the role of EPCs in construction of new vascular loop, we took the biomaterial scaffold implanted into adult rat as an experimental model to observe and examine the actions of the EPCs in neovascularization of the material by immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy. Additionally, by establishing a chemotactic migration model for vascular endothelial cells (ECs) and EPCs, the migrations of ECs and EPCs were explored in simulations. The results of 20,000 simulations showed that the number of the vascular loops assisted by the EPCs was 2-5 times that of the vascular sprouts being naturally joined. Based on the results of experiments and simulations, we conclude that the EPCs are able to assist the angiogenic sprouts in joining under the condition of plenty of the EPCs being mobilized, which aggregate at sites close to sprout tips, forming a cell cord and differentiating to ECs in situ, and become vessel segments between neighboring sprouts. This suggests that there is a difference between the adult and embryo in the manner of vasculogenesis and that a small number of EPCs can play an important role to make the new blood vessels achieve rapid functionalization.
authors.affiliation: School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Soochow University, 178 Ganjiang East Road, Suzhou 215006, China; College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, 178 Ganjiang East Road, Suzhou 215006, China. Electronic address: zhankuihua@suda.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Kuihua
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhan
authors.forename: Lun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.forename: Jianmei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000071916:AC133 Antigen; D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002465:Cell Movement; D003198:Computer Simulation; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology* / Q000637:transplantation / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005349:Fibroins / Q000378:metabolism; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic; D009716:Numerical Analysis, Computer-Assisted; D010455:Peptides / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply*; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013997:Time Factors; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds
chemical_list: D000071916:AC133 Antigen; D015703:Antigens, CD; D015415:Biomarkers; D006023:Glycoproteins; D010455:Peptides; C000606025:Prom1 protein, rat; C482288:fibroin, silkworm; D005349:Fibroins
keywords: 5-transmembrane glycoprotein; Ang-1; Angiopoietin-1; CD133; Delta-like 4 protein; Dll4; EC; EPC; Endothelial cell; Endothelial progenitor cell; FN; Fibronectin; G-CSF; GM-CSF; Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; Granulocyte/Macrophage colony-stimulating factor; HIF-1α; Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α; MAPC; MMPs; Matrix metalloproteinases; Multipotent adult progenitor cell; Notch; SDF-1; Stromal cell-derived factor-1; TEM; Transmembrane receptor protein; Transmission electron microscopy; VEGF; VEGFR; Vascular endothelial growth factor; Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor