title: Micro-structured calcium phosphate ceramic for donor site repair after harvesting chin bone for grafting alveolar clefts in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of synthetic bone graft material as a filling material at the mandibular symphysis donor site of autologous bone in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  A blinded patient group comprised 20 patients with unilateral (UCLP) or bilateral (BCLP) cleft of lip and palate, all with an indication for alveolar cleft repair. The study took the form of a prospective randomized clinical trial. We used lateral cephalograms for the measurement of the symphyseal donor area defect both peroperatively and at 12 months postoperatively. The data obtained were digitalized and the treatment outcome expressed in numbers. Comparisons with a previous study were made. Histology of biopsies and CT scans were used for visualising bone formation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This study demonstrates that the micro-structured, resorbable calcium phosphate ceramic provides good regeneration properties for the repair of a critical size bony defect in children. One year postoperatively, the measurements taken from lateral cephalograms show that there is scarcely any visible residual defect. Histological investigations of the bone biopsies show solid, induced bone formation and almost complete resorption of the micro-structured calcium phosphate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings of this study (novel in children) indicate that micro-structured resorbable calcium phosphate is an excellent alternative to autologous bone. The digital findings showed a restored donor site defect significantly indicating the efficacy (i.e., osteoconductivity and resorbability) of this bone substitute. The biopsy histology demonstrated the overall presence of newly formed vital bone and the resorption of the bone substitute. Its use for grafting the alveolar cleft is currently researched and it may become the new standard.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As co-morbidity and prolonged operation time at the donor operation site are inherent to the alveolar cleft repair procedure, the use of the described bone substitute is winning progress.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, (Head: Prof. Dr. R. Koole), University Medical Centre Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, G.05.129, PO Box 85500, NL 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands. Electronic address: a.p.deruiter@umcutrecht.nl.
authors.forename: Ad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Ruiter
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, (Head: Prof. Dr. R. Koole), University Medical Centre Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, G.05.129, PO Box 85500, NL 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dik
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, (Head: Prof. Dr. R. Koole), University Medical Centre Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, G.05.129, PO Box 85500, NL 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: van Es
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, (Head: Prof. Dr. R. Koole), University Medical Centre Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, G.05.129, PO Box 85500, NL 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Andries
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van der Bilt
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, (Head: Prof. Dr. R. Koole), University Medical Centre Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, G.05.129, PO Box 85500, NL 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Nard
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Janssen
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Implantology and Periodontology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, NL 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Gert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Meijer
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, (Head: Prof. Dr. R. Koole), University Medical Centre Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, G.05.129, PO Box 85500, NL 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ron
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Koole
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, (Head: Prof. Dr. R. Koole), University Medical Centre Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, G.05.129, PO Box 85500, NL 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Antoine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
mesh_terms: D020341:Absorbable Implants; D064728:Alveolar Bone Grafting / Q000379:methods*; D064592:Autografts / Q000637:transplantation; D001706:Biopsy / Q000379:methods; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000502:physiology; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods; D002516:Ceramics / Q000737:chemistry*; D002680:Chin / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000601:surgery; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000601:surgery; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006882:Hydroxyapatites / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D020858:Tissue and Organ Harvesting / Q000379:methods; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods; D060053:Transplant Donor Site / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes; D006882:Hydroxyapatites; C074950:hydroxyapatite-beta tricalcium phosphate
keywords: Alveolar cleft grafting; Bone substitute; Chin bone graft; Donor site repair; β-TCP