title: Effects of smoking on visual acuity of central serous chorioretinopathy patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences, in terms of visual outcome and treatment needs, between smokers and non-smokers central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The files of 252 patients diagnosed with CSCR who had presented to the Retina Unit of the Ophthalmology Clinic at Dicle University Medical School in Turkey were retrospectively evaluated. Eighty-four smokers, with a known history of smoking of at least one pack-year, and 133 non-smokers were included, whereas 35 patients with additional pathologies were excluded from the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the patients, 192 (88.5%) were male and 25 (11.5%) were female. The mean patient age was 38.8 ± 8.1 years (range: 20-68 years). Visual acuity (VA) of the smoker and non-smoker groups was measured as 0.45 ± 0.35 and 0.24 ± 0.28 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMar), respectively, at the first visit; 0.19 ± 0.29 and 0.06 ± 0.14 logMar at the sixth month; and 0.07 ± 0.14 and 0.02 ± 0.05 logMar at the ninth month. VA measurements at presentation and during all examinations (1th, 6th and 9th month) were significantly different for the two groups. VA was lower in the smoker group. In 27 patients (12.4%), an additional treatment modality was needed. Of the 27 patients, only 8 (6%) were non-smokers, whereas 19 (22.6%) were smokers. There was no difference between groups in the recurrence rate during follow-up (p = 0.907); 14 (16.7%) smokers and 8 (19.0%) non-smokers experienced a recurrence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study has shown that patients selected and who are current smokers have poorer vision and need longer treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Dicle University Faculty of Medicine , Diyarbakir , Turkey.
authors.forename: Fatih Mehmet
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Türkcü
authors.forename: Harun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yüksel
authors.forename: Alparslan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sahin
authors.forename: Yasin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cinar
authors.forename: Kürşat
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cingü
authors.forename: Seyhmus
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arı
authors.forename: Muhammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sahin
authors.forename: Suat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Altındağ
authors.forename: Ihsan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Caça
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000068258:Bevacizumab; D056833:Central Serous Chorioretinopathy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017075:Laser Coagulation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010778:Photochemotherapy; D012907:Smoking / Q000503:physiopathology*; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D014792:Visual Acuity; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000068258:Bevacizumab
keywords: Central serous chorioretinopathy; cigarette; smoking