title: Tuning cell adhesion and growth on biomimetic polyelectrolyte multilayers by variation of pH during layer-by-layer assembly.
abstract: Polyelectrolyte multilayers of chitosan and heparin are assembled on glass where heparin is applied at pH = 4, 9 and 4 during the formation of the first layers followed by pH = 9 at the last steps (denoted pH 4 + 9). Measurements of wetting properties, layer mass, and topography show that multilayers formed at pH = 4 are thicker, contain more water and have a smoother surface compared to those prepared at pH = 9 while the pH = 4 + 9 multilayers expressed intermediate properties. pH = 9 multilayers are more cell adhesive and support growth of C2C12 cells better than pH = 4 ones. However, pH 4 + 9 conditions improve the bioactivity to a similar level of pH = 9 layers. Multilayers prepared using pH 4 + 9 conditions form thick enough layers that may allow efficient loading of bioactive molecules.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Materials Group, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Heinrich-Damerow-Strasse 4, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.
authors.forename: Neha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Aggarwal
authors.forename: Noomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Altgärde
authors.forename: Sofia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Svedhem
authors.forename: Georgios
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Michanetzis
authors.forename: Yannis
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Missirlis
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Groth
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D032701:Biomimetics; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects*; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004573:Electrolytes / Q000737:chemistry; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects; D006493:Heparin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D011094:Polyethyleneimine / Q000737:chemistry; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D004573:Electrolytes; D011108:Polymers; D011094:Polyethyleneimine; D006493:Heparin; D048271:Chitosan
keywords: cell adhesion; cell growth; chitosan; heparin; layer-by-layer; pH value