title: Characteristics of newly formed bone in sockets augmented with cancellous porous bovine bone and a resorbable membrane: microcomputed tomography, histologic, and resonance frequence analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) has become a highly accurate and nonintrusive method for analysis of bone. This study aims to determine the microstructural characteristics of the bone formed in grafted extraction sockets.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective study comprised 10 patients. Cancellous porous bovine bone (CPBB) was used for socket grafting. Ten bone samples were harvested from implant site 9 months after grafting, before implant placement, and histologic and microstructural characteristics were analyzed. Cone-beam computed tomography scans were performed, and implant stability was also determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four men and 6 women, with a mean age of 44 years, were included in the study. Micro-CT revealed a compact structure with high bone volume fraction, trabecular thickness and number, but a low trabecular separation and pattern factor, which made it an optimal structure that is expected to resist occlusal loads. Histologic examination revealed an abundant amount of CPBB particles (27.5%) and new bone formation (23.3%) 40.6 months after bone grafting surgery. Moreover, mean implant stability quotient was 75.7 units.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This investigation demonstrated marked de novo bone formation after a healing period of 9 months. This trabecular bone had a compact structure with abundant thick trabeculae.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Infanta Cristina, Badajoz, Spain. laurivillanueva@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Villanueva-Alcojol
authors.forename: Florencio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Monje
authors.forename: Raúl
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: González-García
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Monje
mesh_terms: D020341:Absorbable Implants; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001706:Biopsy / Q000379:methods; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D002417:Cattle; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography / Q000379:methods; D017268:Dental Prosthesis Retention; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D016557:Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal / Q000379:methods*; D064593:Heterografts / Q000637:transplantation*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla / Q000601:surgery; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D008875:Middle Aged; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020390:Tooth Socket / Q000601:surgery*; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D008567:Membranes, Artificial