title: Using EAE to better understand principles of immune function and autoimmune pathology.
abstract: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) in which myelin becomes the target of attack by autoreactive T cells. The immune components of the disease are recapitulated in mice using the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model. EAE is classically induced by the immunization of mice with encephalitogenic antigens derived from CNS proteins such as proteolipid protein (PLP), myelin basic protein (MBP) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG). Immunization of susceptible mouse strains with these antigens will induce autoreactive inflammatory T cell infiltration of the CNS. More recently, the advent of clonal T cell receptor transgenic mice has led to the development of adoptive transfer protocols in which myelin-specific T cells may induce disease upon transfer into naïve recipient animals. When used in concert with gene knockout strains, these protocols are powerful tools by which to dissect the molecular pathways that promote inflammatory T cells responses in the central nervous system (CNS). Further, myelin-antigen-specific transgenic T cells may be cultured in vitro under a variety of conditions prior to adoptive transfer, allowing one to study the effects of soluble factors or pharmacologic compounds on T cell pathogenicity. In this review, we describe many of the existing models of EAE, and discuss the contributions that use of these models has made in understanding both T helper cell differentiation and the function of inhibitory T cell receptors. We focus on the  step-by-step elucidation of the network of signals required for T helper 17 (Th17) cell differentiation, as well as the molecular dissection of the Tim-3 negative regulatory signaling pathway in Th1 cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Pavillon CHUL, 2705 Boul Laurier, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pavillon Ferdinand-Vandry, Université Laval, QC G1V 406, Canada. Electronic address: manu.rangachari@crchuq.ulaval.ca.
authors.forename: Manu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rangachari
authors.forename: Vijay K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Kuchroo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001324:Autoantigens / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004681:Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental / Q000276:immunology*; D000072597:Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 2; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000276:immunology*; D011991:Receptors, Virus / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D058504:Th17 Cells / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D001324:Autoantigens; C442241:Havcr2 protein, mouse; D000072597:Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 2; D011991:Receptors, Virus
keywords: Bat3; CD4+ T lymphocyte, myelin; Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis; Interleukin-17; Multiple sclerosis; Tim-3