title: A comparative study of the incidence of Schneiderian membrane perforations during maxillary sinus augmentation with a sonic oscillating handpiece versus a conventional turbine handpiece.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sonic instruments may reduce perforation rates of the schneiderian membrane during lateral window sinus augmentation procedures. This study compares the incidence of membrane perforations using a sonic handpiece with an oscillating diamond insert versus a turbine handpiece with a conventional rotary diamond stone during lateral window sinus augmentation procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective chart analysis identified all lateral window sinus augmentation procedures done during a defined period. Among these procedures, those performed with a sonic handpiece and an oscillating diamond insert (experimental) and those performed with a conventional turbine and rotary diamond stone (conventional) were selected for this study. Reported occurrences of sinus membrane perforations during preparation of the osteotomy and elevation of the sinus membrane, as well as postoperative complications, were recorded and compared between treatment groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-three consecutive patients were identified for a total of 130 sinus augmentation procedures (51 conventional, 79 experimental). Schneiderian membrane perforations were noted during preparation of the lateral window osteotomy in 27.5% of the sinuses in the conventional group and 12.7% of sinuses in the experimental group. During membrane elevation, perforations were noted in 43.1% of the sinuses in the conventional group and 25.3% of sinuses in the experimental group. Both differences in perforation rates were statistically significant (p < .05). There was no statistically significant difference in postoperative complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, the use of a sonic instrument to prepare the lateral window osteotomy during sinus elevation procedures resulted in a reduced perforation rate of the Schneiderian membrane compared with the conventional turbine instrument.
authors.affiliation: Private practice, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Geminiani
authors.forename: Daniel S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Weitz
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ercoli
authors.forename: Changyong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Jack G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Caton
authors.forename: Dimitrios E V
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Papadimitriou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000293:injuries*; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D059546:Sinus Floor Augmentation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D059708:Ultrasonic Surgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation*
keywords: Schneiderian membrane; dental implant; piezoelectric surgery; sinus augmentation; sonic surgery