title: Scheduling science on television: A comparative analysis of the representations of science in 11 European countries.
abstract: This article explores the factors that influence the volume and structure of science programming by European television broadcasters, focussing on differences among channel patterns. It proposes three factors as relevant to understanding differences in science programming: A) the segmentation/fragmentation of television markets; B) the presence of middle sized commercial channels; C) the dependency of public service TV channels on commercial income (trading/advertising). We identified countries whose channel patterns encourage a varied picture of science - namely Sweden, Finland and Germany. They are distinguished from those which show a less differentiated picture and present a smaller volume of science content on television - such as Great Britain and Ireland. Finally, we identified countries whose channel patterns don't encourage a varied picture of science - namely Spain, Greece, Bulgaria and Estonia - and these countries present their small volume of science content at off-peak hours, in contrast to patterns in Great Britain and Ireland.
authors.affiliation: Free University of Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lehmkuhl
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Karamanidou
authors.forename: Tuomo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mörä
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Petkova
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Trench
keywords: Europe; comparative study; content analysis; public representation of science; science in media (television)