title: In vitro effects of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides delivered by gelatin nanoparticles on canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells of atopic and healthy dogs - a pilot study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) oligodeoxynucleotides offer a novel promising immunotherapeutic approach for atopic dermatitis (AD) both in humans and animals. Gelatin nanoparticles (GNP) enhance and prolong CpG-associated immunomodulatory effects and minimize adverse effects both in vitro and in vivo. Information about the effects of this combination in dogs is lacking.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate immunological effects of CpG coupled to GNP on canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight dogs with AD, diagnosed by standard criteria and with a concurrent immediate hypersensitivity to house dust mites were included. Control samples were taken from eight healthy, age-matched control dogs without history or evidence of cutaneous or systemic illness.
  
  
  METHODS
  Peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy and allergic dogs were incubated with CpG-GNP and the uptake of CpG-GNP was demonstrated using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Cell culture supernatant concentrations of interferon gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6 and IL-10 were measured by Canine Cytokine Milliplex.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant changes in IFN-γ and IL-4 were found when comparing PBMCs incubated with CpG and CpG-GNP with the negative controls in atopic and healthy dogs. Interleukin-6 was not detected in any of the groups. However, a statistically significant increase in IL-10 concentration was found after 24 h stimulation with CpG-GNP compared with CpG alone both in atopic and healthy dogs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As IL-10 is considered an immunosuppressive cytokine playing a key role in peripheral tolerance; the reported CpG-GNP formulation could be a new approach in allergy treatment.
authors.affiliation: Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland; Small Animal Medicine Clinic, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University, 80539, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Ana Rostaher
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Prélaud
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fuchs
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Winter
authors.forename: Conrad
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Coester
authors.forename: Ralf S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Mueller
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018899:CpG Islands; D003876:Dermatitis, Atopic / Q000662:veterinary*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000276:immunology; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D005780:Gelatin / Q000737:chemistry*; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010865:Pilot Projects
chemical_list: D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D005780:Gelatin