title: Cholic acid modified N-(2-hydroxy)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium chitosan chloride for superoxide dismutase delivery.
abstract: A series of novel amphiphilic chitosan derivatives, cholic acid modified N-(2-hydroxy)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium chitosan chloride (HTCC-CA) with different quaternization degrees and cholic acid substitutions were synthesized in this study. HTCC-CA is biocompatible and forms particles in aqueous solution. The binding with superoxide dismutase (SOD) at pH 6.8 destroys the original aggregates of HTCC-CA and produces smaller SOD/HTCC-CA complex nanoparticles via electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. The SOD loading efficiency and loading capacity of HTCC-CA can reach to more than 90% and 45%, respectively. Confocal laser scanning microscopy observation and flow cytometry analysis reveal that SOD/HTCC-CA complex nanoparticles greatly enhance the cellular internalization of the loaded SOD. The SOD activities and malonaldehyde concentrations in the serum and organs of the rats, administrated intravenously with free SOD, free HTCC-CA, and SOD/HTCC-CA nanoparticles, were assayed to evaluate the antioxidant efficiency in vivo. The results demonstrate that free HTCC-CA is effective to scavenge superoxide radicals in the blood circulation and SOD/HTCC-CA nanoparticles have better antioxidant efficiency than free SOD as well as free HTCC-CA.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Huanxin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Baoru
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yao
mesh_terms: D061605:Administration, Intravenous; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D001692:Biological Transport; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D048271:Chitosan / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D002712:Chlorides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D002793:Cholic Acids / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D004337:Drug Carriers; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D053758:Nanoparticles; D010316:Particle Size; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002712:Chlorides; D002793:Cholic Acids; D004337:Drug Carriers; C550160:N-(2-hydroxypropyl)-3-trimethylammonium chitosan; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D048271:Chitosan; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase
keywords: Chitosan; Drug delivery; Nanoparticles; Protein