title: The inhibitory effect of ellagic Acid on cell growth of ovarian carcinoma cells.
abstract: Ellagic acid (EA) is able to inhibit the growth of several cancer cells; however, its effect on human ovarian carcinoma cells has not yet been investigated. Ovarian carcinoma ES-2 and PA-1 cells were treated with EA (10~100  μ M) and assessed for viability, cell cycle, apoptosis, anoikis, autophagy, and chemosensitivity to doxorubicin and their molecular mechanisms. EA inhibited cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner by arresting both cell lines at the G1 phase of the cell cycle, which were from elevating p53 and Cip1/p21 and decreasing cyclin D1 and E levels. EA also induced caspase-3-mediated apoptosis by increasing the Bax : Bcl-2 ratio and restored anoikis in both cell lines. The enhancement of apoptosis and/or inhibition of autophagy in these cells by EA assisted the chemotherapy efficacy. The results indicated that EA is a potential novel chemoprevention and treatment assistant agent for human ovarian carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Cheng-Ching Hospital, Chung-Kang Branch, No. 118, Section 3, Chung Kang Road, Taichung City 40764, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yuan-Chiang
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Li-Cheng
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Ming-Hsiu
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Yu-Jen
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yi-Ying
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Shih-Ping
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Chih-Ping
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Hsu