title: [Study on inflammatory effect of toxic raphides from Pinellia ternate and its correlation with macrophages].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the toxic mechanism of toxic raphides from Pinellia ternata.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mouse peritoneal macrophage in vitro culture model was adopted to study dose-dependent and time-dependent curves of toxic raphides, with TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 in supernatant as indexes. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the changes in surface morphology of raphides-treated macrophages. Macrophages-neutrophils co-cultured the transport model to study the effect of toxic raphides' stimulation of macrophages on neutrophils migration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Toxic raphides' stimulation of macrophages could cause the increase in the levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 released, and showed dose dependence and time dependence. Scanning electron microscopy showed that toxic raphides were swallowed by macrophages, with notable cell membrane creases, increase in the number of pseudopods and decrease in integrity of cell membranes, and could significantly induce migration of neutrophils.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The inflammatory process induced by toxic raphides is mainly mediated by macrophages. The toxic mechanism of toxic raphides from P. ternata is that toxic raphides penetrate into tissues to activate resident macrophages, release phagocytic and inflammatory cytokines, and cause migration of neutrophils, which finally results in acute inflammatory response.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China.
authors.forename: Teng-Fei
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Hong-Li
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Hui-Zhu
authors.initials: HZ
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000633:toxicity*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000633:toxicity*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000276:immunology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000276:immunology; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D030021:Pinellia / Q000737:chemistry*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha