title: Physiological and performance responses to the "FIFA 11+" (part 1): is it an appropriate warm-up?
abstract: The aim of the study was to examine the post-exercise effects of the "FIFA 11+" on various physical performance and physiological variables, to understand whether this programme is an appropriate warm-up for football players. Results were compared with the literature using a meta-analytical approach. Twenty amateur male football players [mean age 25.5 (s ± 5.1) years, body mass 75(8) kg, height 181(6) cm] participated in the study. They were tested twice before (control period) and once after the "FIFA 11+" for: 20-m sprints, agility, vertical jump, stiffness, isometric maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), rate of force development (RFD), and star excursion balance test. Oxygen uptake, lactate and core temperature were also measured. Pre-post warm-up differences were found for all the performance variables (from 1.0 to 6.2%; 0.015 < P < 0.001) with the exclusion of MVC (-13%; P = 0.426) and RFD (-10%; P = 0.205). After the warm-up there was an increase (0.004 <P < 0.001) in resting oxygen uptake from 325(87) to 379(142) mL · min(-1), in core temperature from 37.3(0.3) to 37.7(0.3) °C, and in lactate from 1.0(0.2) to 2.6(1.1) mmol · L(-1). In conclusion, the "FIFA 11+" prevention programme can be considered an appropriate warm-up, inducing improvements in football players comparable with those obtained with other warm-up routines reported in the literature.
authors.affiliation: FIFA Medical Assessment and Research Centre, Schulthess Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bizzini
authors.forename: Franco M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Impellizzeri
authors.forename: Jiri
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dvorak
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bortolan
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schena
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Modena
authors.forename: Astrid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Junge
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000517:prevention & control*; D054874:Athletic Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D001831:Body Temperature; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D015201:Meta-Analysis as Topic; D009068:Movement; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D012420:Running; D012916:Soccer / Q000502:physiology*; D063996:Warm-Up Exercise / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D019344:Lactic Acid