title: [Cigarette smoking in pregnancy: observational prospective study in three towns of Tuscany Region (Central Italy)].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  to assess the prevalence of smoking in pregnancy and its changes after childbirth, and the characteristics associated with a greater likelihood of smoking during pregnancy in a sample of women attending three university hospitals in Tuscany (Central Italy).
  
  
  METHODS
  observational prospective multicentric study.
  
  
  METHODS
  1,036 women in ninth month of pregnancy were enrolled at the teaching hospitals of Careggi (Firenze), Pisa and Siena. Women filled a standardized, self-administered questionnaire at enrolment. A second questionnaire was administered by phone to the smoking, ex-smoking and abstinent-during-pregnancy women one year after the delivery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  60.5% of women was never smoker, 17.4% was ex-smoker, 14% of women stopped smoking during pregnancy, and 8.4% were current smokers. Smoking in pregnancy was significantly associated with being younger than 31 years old (OR 1.75; 95%CI 1.01-1.84) and unmarried (OR 1.75; 95%CI 1.10- 2.78), having a low school degree (OR 2.31; 95%CI 1.58-3.36) and a smoking partner (OR 3.03; 95%CI 2.32-3.96). The absolute risk of smoking during pregnancy was 42%. One year after delivery, 44%of women who stopped smoking in pregnancy relapsed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  a not negligible percentage of women residents in Tuscany Region smokes during pregnancy. Relapses after delivery are high. Even if recently in Italy a smoke free legislation was implemented, the study shows a low attention toward passive smoking during pregnancy. Smoking cessation interventions specifically tailored for pregnant women and relapses prevention need to be implemented in Tuscany by all health care professionals who care for women during pregnancy and after delivery.
authors.affiliation: Centro antifumo, SOD pneumologia 2, Dipartimento di specialità medico-chirurgiche, Azienda ospedaliero-universitaria Careggi, Firenze. nutinis@aou-careggi.toscana.it
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nutini
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Carrozzi
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Melani
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pistelli
authors.forename: Ferruccio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Aquilini
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: De Bernardo
authors.forename: Letizia S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Bracci
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cardellicchio
authors.forename: Serena
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Checcacci
authors.forename: Gianfranco
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Scarselli
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mello
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Baldi
authors.forename: Maria Felicia
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Migliacci
authors.forename: Arcangelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alfano
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution