title: Porcine wet lab improves surgical skills in third year medical students.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Medical students desire to become proficient in surgical techniques and believe their acquisition is important. However, the operating room is a challenging learning environment. Small group procedural workshops can improve confidence, participation, and performance. The use of fresh animal tissues has been rated highly among students and improves their surgical technique. Greater exposure to surgical procedures and staff could positively influence students' interest in surgical careers. We hypothesized that a porcine "wet lab" course for third year medical students would improve their surgical skills.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two skills labs were conducted for third year medical students during surgery clerkships in the fall of 2011. The students' surgical skills were first evaluated in the operating room across nine dimensions. Next, the students performed the following procedures during the skills lab: (1) laparotomy; (2) small bowel resection; (3) splenectomy; (4) partial hepatectomy; (5) cholecystectomy; (6) interrupted abdominal wall closure; (7) running abdominal wall closure; and (8) skin closure. After the skills lab, the students were re-evaluated in the operating room across the same nine dimensions. Student feedback was also recorded. Fifty-one participants provided pre- and post-lab data for use in the final analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean scores for all nine surgical skills improved significantly after participation in the skills lab (P ≤ 0.002). Cumulative post-test scores also showed significant improvement (P = 0.002). Finally, the student feedback was largely positive.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The surgical skills of third year medical students improved significantly after participation in a porcine wet lab, and the students rated the experience as highly educational. Integration into the surgery clerkship curriculum would promote surgical skill proficiency and could elicit interest in surgical careers.
authors.affiliation: Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA. joe.drosdeck@osumc.edu
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Drosdeck
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Carraro
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arnold
authors.forename: Kyle
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Perry
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Harzman
authors.forename: Rollin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nagel
authors.forename: Lynnsay
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sinclair
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Muscarella
mesh_terms: D034861:Abdominal Wall / Q000601:surgery; D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical / Q000193:education; D000818:Animals; D002321:Career Choice; D002763:Cholecystectomy / Q000193:education; D002982:Clinical Clerkship / Q000379:methods*; D004504:Education, Medical, Undergraduate / Q000379:methods*; D013502:General Surgery / Q000193:education*; D006498:Hepatectomy / Q000193:education; D006801:Humans; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000601:surgery; D007813:Laparotomy / Q000193:education*; D023421:Models, Animal; D013156:Splenectomy / Q000193:education; D013337:Students, Medical / Q000523:psychology; D034421:Sus scrofa; D013536:Suture Techniques / Q000193:education*
keywords: Animal lab; Medical student education; Pig lab; Simulation; Surgical education