title: Oral estradiol and dydrogesterone combination therapy in postmenopausal women: review of efficacy and safety.
abstract: HRT is known to be effective for the relief of menopausal symptoms and prevention of osteoporosis. HRT should be tailored to the woman, enhancing the beneficial effects of the treatment while minimizing the risks. It is difficult to evaluate data on particular preparations of HRT and the different dosages in isolation. The purpose of this review is to highlight the efficacy and safety specific to oral estradiol and dydrogesterone combinations of four different dose strengths. A systematic literature search using Medline was carried out to identify studies containing efficacy or safety data. The findings of the retrieved publications confirm that estradiol and dydrogesterone combinations give very effective menopausal symptom relief and prevention of osteoporosis whilst maintaining a good safety profile. Data also show that these combinations of HRT give additional benefit to certain metabolic parameters including lipids, insulin, glucose and body fat distribution. By selecting the treatment and dose most suitable for each individual woman at her particular stage of menopause, the benefits can be optimized whilst mitigating the risks. HRT plays an important role in improving and maintaining women's health when used appropriately.
authors.affiliation: National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, Sydney Street, London SW3 6NP, UK. j.stevenson@imperial.ac.uk
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Stevenson
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Panay
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pexman-Fieth
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D004394:Dydrogesterone / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D004967:Estrogens / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D008593:Menopause; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011372:Progestins / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004967:Estrogens; D011372:Progestins; D004958:Estradiol; D004394:Dydrogesterone
keywords: Dydrogesterone; Efficacy; Estradiol; Metabolic parameters; Safety