title: Neurocognition in clinical high risk young adults who did or did not convert to a first schizophrenic psychosis: a meta-analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis have become a major focus for research designed to explore early predictors of transition to full psychosis. Characterizing differences in neurocognitive (NC) functioning between psychosis converters (CHR-C) and non-converters (CHR-NC) might contribute to the identification of specific NC predictors of psychosis onset. Therefore, the aim of the present meta-analysis was to compare the baseline NC performance between CHR-C and CHR-NC.
  
  
  METHODS
  PubMed (MEDLINE), Web of Science, Embase and reference lists were searched for studies reporting baseline cognitive data of CHR-C and CHR-NC. Included NC tests were classified within the MATRICS - Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia - cognitive domains.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 95 studies assessed for eligibility, 9 studies comprising 583 CHR subjects (N CHR-C=195, N CHR-NC=388) met all the inclusion criteria. CHR-C performed significantly worse compared to CHR-NC on 2 MATRICS domains namely working memory (ES=-0.29, 95% CI=-0.53 to -0.05) and visual learning (ES=-0.40, 95% CI=-0.68 to -0.13). For the remaining 4 domains (processing speed, attention/vigilance, verbal learning, reasoning/problem solving) no significant differences between CHR-C and CHR-NC were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on the current meta-analytic data we might conclude that it is possible to differentiate between CHR-C and CHR-NC with respect to working memory and visual learning. The addition of visual learning and working memory tasks to psychosis regression models might contribute to the predictive power of these models.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Science, KU Leuven, Belgium. amber.deherdt@faber.kuleuven.be
authors.forename: Amber
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Herdt
authors.forename: Martien
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wampers
authors.forename: Davy
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vancampfort
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Hert
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vanhees
authors.forename: Hella
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Demunter
authors.forename: Ludwina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Van Bouwel
authors.forename: Emanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Brunner
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Probst
mesh_terms: D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D016208:Databases, Factual / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology
keywords: At-risk-mental state; Cognition; First-episode; Schizophrenia