title: Direct visualization of gastrointestinal tract with lanthanide-doped BaYbF5 upconversion nanoprobes.
abstract: Nanoparticulate contrast agents have attracted a great deal of attention along with the rapid development of modern medicine. Here, a binary contrast agent based on PAA modified BaYbF5:Tm nanoparticles for direct visualization of gastrointestinal (GI) tract has been designed and developed via a one-pot solvothermal route. By taking advantages of excellent colloidal stability, low cytotoxicity, and neglectable hemolysis of these well-designed nanoparticles, their feasibility as a multi-modal contrast agent for GI tract was intensively investigated. Significant enhancement of contrast efficacy relative to clinical barium meal and iodine-based contrast agent was evaluated via X-ray imaging and CT imaging in vivo. By doping Tm(3+) ions into these nanoprobes, in vivo NIR-NIR imaging was then demonstrated. Unlike some invasive imaging modalities, non-invasive imaging strategy including X-ray imaging, CT imaging, and UCL imaging for GI tract could extremely reduce the painlessness to patients, effectively facilitate imaging procedure, as well as rationality economize diagnostic time. Critical to clinical applications, long-term toxicity of our contrast agent was additionally investigated in detail, indicating their overall safety. Based on our results, PAA-BaYbF5:Tm nanoparticles were the excellent multi-modal contrast agent to integrate X-ray imaging, CT imaging, and UCL imaging for direct visualization of GI tract with low systemic toxicity.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resources Utilization and Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Enguo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ju
authors.forename: Jianhua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yingda
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Zhengqiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Qinghai
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Jinsong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Xiaogang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qu
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D017609:Barium Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D005459:Fluorides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D028581:Lanthanoid Series Elements / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D051379:Mice; D015335:Molecular Probes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D064847:Multimodal Imaging; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011859:Radiography; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013696:Temperature; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction; D015018:Ytterbium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D017609:Barium Compounds; D028581:Lanthanoid Series Elements; D015335:Molecular Probes; C006903:carbopol 940; D015018:Ytterbium; D005459:Fluorides
keywords: Binary contrast agent; Gastrointestinal tract; Low-toxic; Multimodal imaging; Upconversion nanoprobes