title: Anxiety symptoms in crack cocaine and inhalant users admitted to a psychiatric hospital in southern Brazil.
abstract: The occurrence of psychiatric comorbidity among individuals with crack or inhalant dependence is frequently observed. The objective of this study was to investigate anxiety symptoms among crack cocaine and inhalant users in southern Brazil.
  
  
  
  The study investigated two groups of volunteers of equal size (n=50): one group consisted of crack cocaine users, and the other group consisted of inhalant users. Research volunteers completed the Portuguese versions of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), and Self-Report Questionnaire (SRQ).
  
  
  
  Both crack and inhalant users experience significant symptoms of anxiety. Inhalant users presented significantly more anxiety symptoms than crack users according to the HAM-A questionnaire only. In contrast to the results of the HAM-A, the STAI failed to demonstrate a significant difference between the two groups of substance users. SRQ scores revealed that crack and inhalants users had significant degrees of morbidity.
  
  
  
  A significant difference regarding anxiety symptomatology, especially state anxiety, was observed among inhalant and crack users. Anxiety and overall mental psychopathology were significantly correlated in this sample. The results indicate that screening initiatives to detect anxiety and additional psychiatric comorbidities among crack and inhalant users are feasible and relevant.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Sydney, Australia. zubaran_jr@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zubaran
authors.forename: Katia
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Foresti
authors.forename: Mariana Rossi
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Thorell
authors.forename: Paulo Roberto
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Franceschini
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D001938:Brazil; D002648:Child; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D016578:Crack Cocaine; D005260:Female; D006778:Hospitals, Psychiatric; D006801:Humans; D058545:Inhalant Abuse / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D016578:Crack Cocaine
keywords: Ansiedade; Anxiety; Brasil; Brazil; Crack; Crack cocaine; Questionnaires; Questionários; Solventes; Solvents