title: Botulinum toxin treatment in glaucomatous patients: a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose was to evaluate the efficacy of the treatment of iatrogenic entropion (IE), in patients affected by primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), by botulinum toxin injections (BTI).
  
  
  METHODS
  20 patients of the "Glaucoma Center" of the Hospital "Umberto I" (Rome) were examined. These patients had POAG and used prostaglandin analogues (PA). Mean age was 75.5 years old (range 68-83); they had been suffering from PAOG since 10 years and were not affected by other relevant systemic diseases. One to three BTI were made into the lower orbicularis muscle using a 0.3 G needle (0.025 to 0.05 units for each injection site).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results were particularly significant in 18 out of 20 patients. Two patients showed slight improvements. A rating scale ranging from 0 to 6 points (0 corresponded to 'no effect' and 6 to the 'complete' resolution of the entropion) was used to evaluate the goals of the treatment. The average rating was 5.37 points.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The entropion due to glaucoma therapy with PA can be successfully treated with BTI in the orbicularis muscle, despite offering temporary therapeutic effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Librando
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Russo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tarallo
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cruciani
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Carlesimo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nebbioso
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004774:Entropion / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005143:Eyelids / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007049:Iatrogenic Disease; D008297:Male; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000187:drug effects; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011448:Prostaglandin Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D011448:Prostaglandin Antagonists; D001905:Botulinum Toxins