title: S-glutathionylation of ion channels: insights into the regulation of channel functions, thiol modification crosstalk, and mechanosensing.
abstract: CONCLUSIONS
  Ion channels control membrane potential, cellular excitability, and Ca(++) signaling, all of which play essential roles in cellular functions. The regulation of ion channels enables cells to respond to changing environments, and post-translational modification (PTM) is one major regulation mechanism.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Many PTMs (e.g., S-glutathionylation, S-nitrosylation, S-palmitoylation, S-sulfhydration, etc.) targeting the thiol group of cysteine residues have emerged to be essential for ion channels regulation under physiological and pathological conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Under oxidative stress, S-glutathionylation could be a critical PTM that regulates many molecules. In this review, we discuss S-glutathionylation-mediated structural and functional changes of ion channels. Criteria for testing S-glutathionylation, methods and reagents used in ion channel S-glutathionylation studies, and thiol modification crosstalk, are also covered. Mechanotransduction, and S-glutathionylation of the mechanosensitive KATP channel, are discussed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Further investigation of the ion channel S-glutathionylation, especially the physiological significance of S-glutathionylation and thiol modification crosstalk, could lead to a better understanding of the thiol modifications in general and the ramifications of such modifications on cellular functions and related diseases.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Chun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D040542:Mechanotransduction, Cellular / Q000502:physiology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012519:Sarcoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds