title: Rapid screening of drugs of abuse in human urine by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution and high mass accuracy hybrid linear ion trap-Orbitrap mass spectrometry.
abstract: A novel analytical toxicology method has been developed for the analysis of drugs of abuse in human urine by using a high resolution and high mass accuracy hybrid linear ion trap-Orbitrap mass spectrometer (LTQ-Orbitrap-MS). This method allows for the detection of different drugs of abuse, including amphetamines, cocaine, opiate alkaloids, cannabinoids, hallucinogens and their metabolites. After solid-phase extraction with Oasis HLB cartridges, spiked urine samples were analysed by HPLC/LTQ-Orbitrap-MS using an electrospray interface in positive ionisation mode, with resolving power of 30,000 full width at half maximum (FWHM). Gradient elution off of a Hypersil Gold PFP column (50mm×2.1mm) allowed to resolve 65 target compounds and 3 internal standards in a total chromatographic run time of 20min. Validation of this method consisted of confirmation of identity, selectivity, linearity, limit of detection (LOD), lowest limits of quantification (LLOQ), accuracy, precision, extraction recovery and matrix effect. The regression coefficients (r(2)) for the calibration curves (LLOQ - 100ng/mL) in the study were ≥0.99. The LODs for 65 validated compounds were better than 5ng/ml except for 4 compounds. The relative standard deviation (RSD), which was used to estimate repeatability at three concentrations, was always less than 15%. The recovery of extraction and matrix effects were above 50 and 70%, respectively. Mass accuracy was always better than 2ppm, corresponding to a maximum mass error of 0.8 millimass units (mmu). The accurate masses of characteristic fragments were obtained by collisional experiments for a more reliable identification of the analytes. Automated data analysis and reporting were performed using ToxID software with an exact mass database. This procedure was then successfully applied to analyse drugs of abuse in a real urine sample from subject who was assumed to be drug addict.
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Toxicology, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai Key laboratory of Forensic Medicine, 1347 West Guangfu Road, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Xiaowen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Baohua
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Xianyi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhuo
mesh_terms: D000662:Amphetamines / Q000652:urine; D002186:Cannabinoids / Q000652:urine; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D003042:Cocaine / Q000652:urine; D006213:Hallucinogens / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D053610:Opiate Alkaloids / Q000652:urine; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D000662:Amphetamines; D002186:Cannabinoids; D006213:Hallucinogens; D053610:Opiate Alkaloids; D003042:Cocaine
keywords: Drugs of abuse; Hybrid linear ion trap-Orbitrap mass spectrometer; Liquid chromatography; Urine samples