title: Protein tyrosine phosphatases PTPδ, PTPσ, and LAR: presynaptic hubs for synapse organization.
abstract: Synapse development requires differentiation of presynaptic neurotransmitter release sites and postsynaptic receptive apparatus coordinated by synapse organizing proteins. In addition to the well-characterized neurexins, recent studies identified presynaptic type IIa receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs) as mediators of presynaptic differentiation and triggers of postsynaptic differentiation, thus extending the roles of RPTPs from axon outgrowth and guidance. Similarly to neurexins, RPTPs exist in multiple isoforms generated by alternative splicing that interact in a splice-selective code with diverse postsynaptic partners. The parallel RPTP and neurexin hub design facilitates synapse self-assembly through cooperation, pairs presynaptic similarity with postsynaptic diversity, and balances excitation with inhibition. Upon mutation of individual genes in neuropsychiatric disorders, imbalance of this synaptic organizing network may contribute to impaired cognitive function.
authors.affiliation: Brain Research Centre and Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 2B5; Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada H2W 1R7. Electronic address: Hideto.Takahashi@ircm.qc.ca.
authors.forename: Hideto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Ann Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Craig
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000201:enzymology*; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D017729:Presynaptic Terminals / Q000502:physiology*; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D054623:Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D013569:Synapses / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; D054623:Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 2
keywords: IL1RAPL1; NGL-3; Slitrk; TrkC; neurexin; synaptogenesis