title: Differential seminal plasma proteome according to semen retrieval in men with spinal cord injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate protein expression profile and to quantify proteins present in seminal plasma from men with spinal cord injury (SCI) and healthy men without SCI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experimental study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve SCI patients divided into two groups, six who underwent electroejaculation (EEJ) and six who underwent penile vibratory stimulation (PVS); and ten control subjects presenting normal sperm motility and concentration.
  
  
  METHODS
  EEJ and PVS.
  
  
  METHODS
  The seminal plasma protein profile was analyzed by two proteomic strategies: data-independent label-free quantitative proteomics (MS(E)) and two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D SDS-PAGE).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 638 different proteins were identified by MS(E) and 18 by 2D SDS-PAGE followed by tandem mass spectrometry. Interactome analysis showed key reproductive biologic processes-insemination, sperm and oocyte fusion, and acrosome reaction-related to all groups, as were triglyceride stimuli. Processes related to actin and muscle function and to iron oxidation, transportation, and homeostasis were found only in the EEJ and PVS groups; response to hydrogen peroxide and increased immune response was found only in the PVS group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study was able to demonstrate differential protein expression among control, PVS, and EEJ groups; SCI is responsible for alterations in seminal plasma protein profile leading to a deviation from homeostasis; proteins reported in both PVS and EEJ groups correlate with the pathophysiology of SCI-related infertility.
authors.affiliation: Human Reproduction Section, Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Sao Paulo Federal University, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Barbara Ferreira
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.forename: Gustavo Henrique Martins Ferreira
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.forename: Edson Guimarães
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: lo Turco
authors.forename: Paula Toni
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Del Giudice
authors.forename: Thiesa Butterby
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Soler
authors.forename: Deborah Montagnini
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Spaine
authors.forename: Milton
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Borrelli Junior
authors.forename: Fábio César
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Gozzo
authors.forename: Eduardo Jorge
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Pilau
authors.forename: Jerusa Simone
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: Christina Ramires
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Marcos Nogueira
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Eberlin
authors.forename: Ricardo Pimenta
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Bertolla
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011506:Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods; D012661:Semen / Q000737:chemistry*; D055101:Semen Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D013076:Sperm Count; D013081:Sperm Motility; D053625:Sperm Retrieval; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D011506:Proteins
keywords: Biomarkers; functional enrichment; proteomics; seminal plasma; spinal cord injury