title: Endothelin-1 gene polymorphism in sudden sensorineural hearing loss.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Endothelin-1 is a potent vasoconstrictor peptide that is widely distributed throughout the mammalian body including the spiral modiolar artery, vestibule, and cochlea. This study aimed to investigate the association between the Lys198Asn (G/T) polymorphism (rs5370) of the endothelin-1 gene and sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL).
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-two SSNHL patients (mean age, 58.3 ± 14.0 years) were compared with 2,159 controls included in a community-based study of aging. Multiple logistic regression was used to obtain odds ratios (ORs) for SSNHL. In subgroup analysis, patients with SSNHL who visited to the hospital within the first month of onset were selected to assess audiometric features according to genotype. Pure-tone averages at 250, 500, 1,000, 2,000, and 4,000 Hz were calculated in the affected ear.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Under the recessive genetic model, after adjustment for age, sex, histories of hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes, the crude and adjusted ORs for SSNHL risk were 2.209 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.140-4.281) and 2.173 (95% CI: 1.086-4.348), respectively. No significant ORs were observed under the additive and dominant models. The severity of SSNHL differed significantly between genotypes. The mean pure-tone averages at the initial visit were 78.6, 66.4, and 57.8 dB for the GG, GT, and TT genotypes, respectively (P = .034).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study indicates that the recessive genotype was significantly associated with increased SSNHL risk; however, the severity was lower in these individuals than it was in those with the wild-type genotype. Endothelin-1 may be implicated in SSNHL.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Teranishi
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nishio
authors.forename: Saiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sugiura
authors.forename: Mariko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hiramatsu
authors.forename: Hidenori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Hironao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Otake
authors.forename: Tadao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Mitsuhiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tagaya
authors.forename: Hirokazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Michihiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sone
authors.forename: Fujiko
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ando
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shimokata
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakashima
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001299:Audiometry; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006319:Hearing Loss, Sensorineural / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D019332:Endothelin-1
keywords: Sudden sensorineural hearing loss; endothelin-1; odds ratio; polymorphism