title: Rapidly progressing fatal reperfusion syndrome caused by acute critical ischemia of the lower limb.
abstract: The most severe complication of ischemia-reperfusion injury following lower limb arterial surgery is reperfusion syndrome. Therefore, our aim was to describe the extent of muscle damage and the reperfusion syndrome-related remote organ lesions in detail, through a well-documented case of long-lasting infrarenal aorta thrombosis. After urgent revascularization, several clinical signs of multiple organ dysfunction were detectable, including the circulatory, urinary, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and hemostatic systems. Upon histological examination, intraoperative muscle biopsy showed severe muscle damage. Muscle fiber viability was assessed with a special nitroblue tetrazolium staining-based viability test developed by our team; the obtained results indicated significant degree of muscle damage before this was confirmed by conventional histological methods. Thorough postmortem examination confirmed the presence of remote organ damage. The pathological findings included acute tubular necrosis, myocardial and jejunal infarctions, ischemic pancreatitis, and diffuse alveolar damage with hyaline membrane formation in the lungs and focal centrilobular liver necrosis. By using special staining techniques, the presence of myoglobin and lipofuscin deposits was confirmed in the kidney samples. In this paper, we present a patient who developed all major complications following long-lasting arterial occlusion. We also introduce a novel method to assess the degree of ischemic injury, which may be suitable in the near future for the rapid detection of irreversible muscle injury. Therefore, the mortality of the disease might be reduced.
authors.affiliation: 1st Department of Surgery, Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1082, Hungary. Electronic address: szijartoattila@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Attila
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Szijártó
authors.forename: Zsolt
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Turóczi
authors.forename: József
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Szabó
authors.forename: Péter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kaliszky
authors.forename: Endre
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gyurkovics
authors.forename: Péter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Arányi
authors.forename: László
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Regáli
authors.forename: László
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Harsányi
authors.forename: Gábor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lotz
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D001018:Aortic Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D001344:Autopsy; D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003161:Compartment Syndromes / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016638:Critical Illness; D018450:Disease Progression; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D006083:Graft Occlusion, Vascular / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D035002:Lower Extremity; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009102:Multiple Organ Failure / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology; D009336:Necrosis; D012086:Reoperation; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: Lower limb ischemia; Multiorgan failure; Reperfusion syndrome