title: Soft- and hard-tissue facial anthropometry in three dimensions: what's new.
abstract: In the last few years, technology has provided new instruments for the three-dimensional analysis of human facial morphology. Currently, quantitative assessments of dimensions, spatial positions and relative proportions of distinctive facial features can be obtained for both soft- and hard- (skeletal and dental) tissues. New mathematical tools allow to fuse digital data obtained from various image analyzers, thus providing quantitative information for anatomical and nthropometric descriptions, medical evaluations (clinical genetics, orthodontics, maxillo-facial and plastic surgery), and forensic medicine.
authors.affiliation: Functional Anatomy Research Center (FARC), Laboratorio di Anatomia Funzionale dell'Apparato Stomatognatico (LAFAS), Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Facoltá di Medicina e Chirurgia, Universitá degli Studi di Milano, Italy, chiarella.sforza@unimi.it.
authors.forename: Chiarella
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sforza
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; School of Health Science, State University of Amazonas, Brasil.
authors.forename: Marcio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Menezes
authors.affiliation: Functional Anatomy Research Center (FARC), Laboratorio di Anatomia Funzionale dell'Apparato Stomatognatico (LAFAS), Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Facoltá di Medicina e Chirurgia, Universitá degli Studi di Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Virgilio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ferrario
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000885:Anthropology, Physical; D000886:Anthropometry / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D055815:Young Adult