title: Oral human papillomavirus infection and head and neck cancers in HIV-infected individuals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  HIV-infected individuals are living longer due to effective antiretroviral therapy and may therefore have a greater opportunity to develop human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated malignancies. This review describes the risk factors and burden of oral HPV infection and HPV-associated head and neck cancer (HNC) among HIV-infected individuals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Oral HPV infection is commonly detected in HIV-infected individuals and is elevated among those with a higher number of lifetime oral sexual partners, current tobacco use and immunosuppression. There are limited data on the natural history of oral HPV, but initial studies suggest that the majority of infections clear within 2 years. Although HIV-infected individuals are at a much higher risk of most HPV-associated cancers than the general population, studies suggest HIV-infected individuals have a more modest 1.5-4-fold greater risk for HPV-associated HNC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HIV-infected individuals are living longer, have a high prevalence of oral HPV infection and have many of the currently determined risk factors for HPV-associated HNC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Beachler
authors.forename: Gypsyamber
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: DʼSouza
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology*; D017281:Cost of Illness; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000635:transmission; D012307:Risk Factors