title: A preliminary study of the impact of a handover cognitive aid on clinical reasoning and information transfer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the impact of a written cognitive aid on expressed clinical reasoning and quantity and the accuracy of information transfer during resident doctor handover.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was a randomised controlled trial in an academic paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of 20 handover events (10 events per group) from residents in their first PICU rotation using a written handover cognitive aid (intervention) or standard practice (control). Before rounds, an investigator generated a reference standard of the handover event by completing a handover aid. Resident handovers were then audio-recorded and transcribed by a blinded research assistant. The content of this transcript was inserted into a blank handover aid. A blinded content expert scored the quantity and accuracy of the information in this aid according to predetermined criteria and these information scores (ISs) were compared with the reference standard. The same expert also blindly scored the transcripts in five domains of clinical reasoning and effectiveness: (i) effective summary of events; (ii) expressed understanding of the care plan; (iii) presentation clarity; (iv) organisation; (v) overall handover effectiveness. Differences between intervention and control groups were assessed using the Mann-Whitney test and multivariate linear regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The intervention group had total ISs that more closely approximated the reference standard (81% versus 61%; p < 0.01). The intervention group had significantly higher clinical reasoning scores when compared by total score (21.1 versus 15.9 points; p = 0.01) and in each of the five domains. No difference was observed in the duration of handover between groups (7.4 versus 7.7 minutes; p = 0.97).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using a novel scoring system, our simple handover cognitive aid was shown to improve information transfer and resident expression of clinical reasoning without prolonging the handover duration.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Critical Care, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada. matthew-john.weiss@mail.chuq.qc.ca
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: Farhan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bhanji
authors.forename: Patricia S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Fontela
authors.forename: Saleem I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Razack
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002170:Canada; D002648:Child; D002983:Clinical Competence / Q000592:standards*; D003142:Communication; D006801:Humans; D015278:Intensive Care Units, Pediatric; D062209:Patient Handoff / Q000592:standards*; D010360:Patient Transfer / Q000592:standards; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013337:Students, Medical / Q000523:psychology*