title: The hemolymph proteome of fed and starved Drosophila larvae.
abstract: The co-operation of specialized organ systems in complex multicellular organisms depends on effective chemical communication. Thus, body fluids (like blood, lymph or intraspinal fluid) contain myriads of signaling mediators apart from metabolites. Moreover, these fluids are also of crucial importance for immune and wound responses. Compositional analyses of human body fluids are therefore of paramount diagnostic importance. Further improving their comprehensiveness should increase our understanding of inter-organ communication. In arthropods, which have trachea for gas exchange and an open circulatory system, the single dominating interstitial fluid is the hemolymph. Accordingly, a detailed analysis of hemolymph composition should provide an especially comprehensive picture of chemical communication and defense in animals. Therefore we used an extensive protein fractionation workflow in combination with a discovery-driven proteomic approach to map out the detectable protein composition of hemolymph isolated from Drosophila larvae. Combined mass spectrometric analysis revealed more than 700 proteins extending far beyond the previously known Drosophila hemolymph proteome. Moreover, by comparing hemolymph isolated from either fed or starved larvae, we provide initial provisional insights concerning compositional changes in response to nutritional state. Storage proteins in particular were observed to be strongly reduced by starvation. Our hemolymph proteome catalog provides a rich basis for data mining, as exemplified by our identification of potential novel cytokines, as well as for future quantitative analyses by targeted proteomics.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Life Sciences (IMLS), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Björn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Handke
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Poernbacher
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goetze
authors.forename: Christian H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Ahrens
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Omasits
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Marty
authors.forename: Nikiana
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Simigdala
authors.forename: Imke
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wollscheid
authors.forename: Erich
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Brunner
authors.forename: Ernst
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hafen
authors.forename: Christian F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Lehner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D005508:Food Deprivation / Q000502:physiology; D006458:Hemolymph / Q000378:metabolism*; D007814:Larva / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D058977:Molecular Sequence Annotation; D020543:Proteome / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D020543:Proteome