title: Microbial quality of drinking water from microfiltered water dispensers.
abstract: A comparison was made between the microbial quality of drinking water obtained from Microfiltered Water Dispensers (MWDs) and that of municipal tap water. A total of 233 water samples were analyzed. Escherichia coli (EC), enterococci (ENT), total coliforms (TC), Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and heterotrophic plate count (HPC) at 22 °C and 37 °C were enumerated. In addition, information was collected about the principal structural and functional characteristics of each MWD in order to study the various factors that might influence the microbial quality of the water. EC and ENT were not detected in any of the samples. TC were never detected in the tap water but were found in 5 samples taken from 5 different MWDs. S. aureus was found in a single sample of microfiltered water. P. aeruginosa was found more frequently and at higher concentrations in the samples collected from MWDs. The mean HPCs at 22 °C and 37 °C were significantly higher in microfiltered water samples compared to those of the tap water. In conclusion, the use of MWDs may increase the number of bacteria originally present in tap water. It is therefore important to monitor the quality of the dispensed water over time, especially if it is destined for vulnerable users.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Public Health, Division of Hygiene, University of Bologna, Via S. Giacomo, 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy. Electronic address: rossella.sacchetti@unibo.it.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sacchetti
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Public Health, Division of Hygiene, University of Bologna, Via S. Giacomo, 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: De Luca
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Public Health, Division of Hygiene, University of Bologna, Via S. Giacomo, 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dormi
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, UO Food Hygiene and Nutrition, Local Health Unit of Bologna, Via A. Gramsci 12, 40121 Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Guberti
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Public Health, Division of Hygiene, University of Bologna, Via S. Giacomo, 12, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zanetti
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria; D057219:Biofouling; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D060766:Drinking Water / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000592:standards; D016983:Enterococcus; D004926:Escherichia coli; D005374:Filtration; D006801:Humans; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus; D014871:Water Microbiology; D014881:Water Supply / Q000592:standards
chemical_list: D060766:Drinking Water
keywords: Drinking water; Heterotrophic plate count; P. aeruginosa; Water dispenser