title: Efficacy of prophylactic antiglaucoma and anti-inflammatory medications in canine primary angle-closure glaucoma: a multicenter retrospective study (2004-2012).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate long-term efficacy of antiglaucoma medications with or without combined topical anti-inflammatory treatment in preventing increased intraocular pressure and clinical signs of glaucoma in eyes considered at risk of the development of the disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis identified 88 canine patients presenting with unilateral acute congestive primary angle-closure glaucoma (IOP > 25 mm Hg) and gonioscopic findings of pectinate ligament dysplasia and/or narrow or closed iridocorneal angle in the contralateral nonglaucomatous eye. Patients with histopathologic confirmation of pectinate ligament dysplasia or angle closure in the initial glaucomatous eye receiving prophylactic medical therapy in the contralateral eye were included. Time to medical failure for each antiglaucoma medication and efficacy of the combination therapy were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most commonly affected pure-breds were the American Cocker Spaniel (20.4%) and Basset Hound (11.36%). The patients receiving demecarium bromide 0.125% had the longest estimated median time to medical failure at 330.0 days, followed by latanoprost 0.005%, dorzolamide hydrochloride 2.0%, and demecarium bromide 0.25% at 284.0 days, 272.5 days, and 143.0 days, respectively. The estimated median time to medical failure for patients receiving topical antiglaucoma and anti-inflammatory medication was 324.0 days versus 195.0 days in patients receiving antiglaucoma medication alone. Survival analysis showed no statistical significance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  None of the four antiglaucoma medications evaluated statistically delayed medical failure when compared to each other. Although significance was not achieved, our data suggest that adjunctive use of topical anti-inflammatory medications may be beneficial in these cases.
authors.affiliation: Eye Care for Animals, 1021 E. 3300 S., Salt Lake City, UT, 84106, USA.
authors.forename: D Dustin
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Dees
authors.forename: Kevin J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Fritz
authors.forename: Nicole E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Maclaren
authors.forename: Douglas W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Esson
authors.forename: Annora M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Sheehan Gaerig
authors.forename: Rosalie M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Atkins
authors.forename: Amy M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Knollinger
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002257:Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D015812:Glaucoma, Angle-Closure / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D000077338:Latanoprost; D008297:Male; D011461:Prostaglandins F, Synthetic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D002257:Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D011461:Prostaglandins F, Synthetic; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D013449:Sulfonamides; D013876:Thiophenes; D000077338:Latanoprost; C062765:dorzolamide; C100193:demecarium
keywords: anti-inflammatory medication; demecarium bromide; dorzolamide; latanoprost; primary angle-closure glaucoma; prophylactic antiglaucoma therapy