title: Minimizing shoulder syndrome with intra-operative spinal accessory nerve monitoring for neck dissection.
abstract: The objective of this study was to analyze the safety and results of intra-operative SAN (spinal accessary nerve) monitoring during selective neck dissection, with emphasis on shoulder syndrome. Twenty-five consecutive patients with head and neck cancer were studied. Selective neck dissection was performed by a single clinical fellow under the supervision of the department chief using an intra-operative SAN monitor. Electrophysiological data were recorded after initial identification of the SAN and continued until just before closure. Electromyographic evaluation was carried out to assess SAN function one month postoperatively. Shoulder disability was also evaluated at this time using a questionnaire for shoulder syndrome (shrug, flexion, abduction, winging, and pain). No patients had postoperative shoulder syndrome involving shrug, flexion, abduction, or winging. Twenty-two of the 25 (88%) patients had shoulder pain, but the average pain score was low (2.3 ± 1.3). No patients had neck recurrence during at least 1 year of follow up. By using nerve monitoring during selective neck dissection, no patient developed significant "shoulder syndrome", with the exception of slight pain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.
authors.forename: C-H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: N-C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: H-C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: M-K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000055:Accessory Nerve / Q000502:physiology*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative; D018908:Muscle Weakness / Q000517:prevention & control*; D037981:Neck Dissection / Q000379:methods*; D010146:Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012782:Shoulder; D013577:Syndrome
keywords: Axonal injury; Electrophysiology; Head and neck; Selective neck dissection; Spinal accessory nerve