title: Bilateral single-session retrograde intrarenal surgery for the treatment of bilateral renal stones.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of bilateral single-session retrograde intrarenal surgery in the treatment of bilateral renal stones.
  
  
  METHODS
  From December 2008 to February 2012, 42 patients who had undergone bilateral single-session retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) and laser lithotripsy were included in the study. The procedures were performed in the lithotomy position on an endoscopy table under general anesthesia, beginning on the side in which the stone size was smaller. Plain abdominal radiography, intravenous urograms (IVU), renal ultrasonography (USG) and / or non-contrast tomography (CT) scans were conducted for all patients. The success rate was defined as patients who were stone-free or only had residual fragment less than 4 mm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 42 patients (28 male, 14 female) with a mean age 39.2 ± 14.2 were included in the present study. The mean stone size was 24.09 ± 6.37 mm with a mean operative time of 51.08 ± 15.22 minutes. The stone-free rates (SFR) were 92.8% and 97.6% after the first and second procedures, respectively. The average hospital stay was 1.37 ± 0.72 days. In two patients (4.7%), minor complications (Clavien I or II) were observed, whereas no major complications (Clavien III-V) or blood transfusions were noted in the studied group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bilateral single-session RIRS and laser lithotripsy can be performed safely and effectively with a high success rate and low complication rate in patients with bilateral renal stones.
authors.affiliation: Medeniyet University, Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gokhan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Atis
authors.forename: Hakan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Koyuncu
authors.forename: Cenk
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gurbuz
authors.forename: Faruk
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yencilek
authors.forename: Ozgur
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Arikan
authors.forename: Turhan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Caskurlu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications; D007668:Kidney / Q000601:surgery*; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D007902:Length of Stay; D017602:Lithotripsy, Laser / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009403:Nephrostomy, Percutaneous / Q000379:methods*; D061646:Operative Time; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome