title: Pathogenesis and transmission of avian influenza A (H7N9) virus in ferrets and mice.
abstract: On 29 March 2013, the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention confirmed the first reported case of human infection with an avian influenza A(H7N9) virus. The recent human infections with H7N9 virus, totalling over 130 cases with 39 fatalities to date, have been characterized by severe pulmonary disease and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This is concerning because H7 viruses have typically been associated with ocular disease in humans, rather than severe respiratory disease. This recent outbreak underscores the need to better understand the pathogenesis and transmission of these viruses in mammals. Here we assess the ability of A/Anhui/1/2013 and A/Shanghai/1/2013 (H7N9) viruses, isolated from fatal human cases, to cause disease in mice and ferrets and to transmit to naive animals. Both H7N9 viruses replicated to higher titre in human airway epithelial cells and in the respiratory tract of ferrets compared to a seasonal H3N2 virus. Moreover, the H7N9 viruses showed greater infectivity and lethality in mice compared to genetically related H7N9 and H9N2 viruses. The H7N9 viruses were readily transmitted to naive ferrets through direct contact but, unlike the seasonal H3N2 virus, did not transmit readily by respiratory droplets. The lack of efficient respiratory droplet transmission was corroborated by low receptor-binding specificity for human-like α2,6-linked sialosides. Our results indicate that H7N9 viruses have the capacity for efficient replication in mammals and human airway cells and highlight the need for continued public health surveillance of this emerging virus.
authors.affiliation: Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
authors.forename: Jessica A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Belser
authors.forename: Kortney M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Gustin
authors.forename: Melissa B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Pearce
authors.forename: Taronna R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Maines
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pappas
authors.forename: Xiangjie
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Carney
authors.forename: Julie M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Villanueva
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: Jacqueline M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.forename: Terrence M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Tumpey
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D016764:Cell Polarity; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D005289:Ferrets / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D053122:Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype / Q000254:growth & development / Q000472:pathogenicity; D053127:Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype / Q000254:growth & development / Q000472:pathogenicity; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000821:virology; D061985:Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice / Q000821:virology*; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology*; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D011991:Receptors, Virus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D012137:Respiratory System / Q000166:cytology; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D011134:Polysaccharides; D011991:Receptors, Virus