title: Role of DRD2 and ALDH2 genes in bipolar II disorder with and without comorbid anxiety disorder.
abstract: The presence of comorbid anxiety disorders (AD) and bipolar II disorders (BP-II) compounds disability complicates treatment, worsens prognosis, and has been understudied. The genes involved in metabolizing dopamine and encoding dopamine receptors, such as aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) and dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) genes, may be important to the pathogenesis of BP-II comorbid with AD. We aimed to clarify ALDH2 and DRD2 genes for predisposition to BP-II comorbid with and without AD. The sample consisted of 335 subjects BP-II without AD, 127 subjects BP-II with AD and 348 healthy subjects as normal control. The genotypes of the ALDH2 and DRD2 Taq-IA polymorphisms were determined using polymerase chain reactions plus restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Logistic regression analysis showed a statistically significant association between DRD2 Taq-I A1/A2 genotype and BP-II with AD (OR=2.231, P=0.021). Moreover, a significant interaction of the DRD2 Taq-I A1/A1 and the ALDH2*1*1 genotypes in BP-II without AD was revealed (OR=5.623, P=0.001) compared with normal control. Our findings support the hypothesis that a unique genetic distinction between BP-II with and without AD, and suggest a novel association between DRD2 Taq-I A1/A2 genotype and BP-II with AD. Our study also provides further evidence that the ALDH2 and DRD2 genes interact in BP-II, particularly BP-II without AD.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Behavioral Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Y-S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University & Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan; Addiction Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: S-Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University & Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: S-L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Y-H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University & Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Tainan Hospital, Department of Health, Executive Yuan, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: T-Y
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University & Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: S-H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University & Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: C-L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: S-Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University & Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: I H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University & Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan; Addiction Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Behavioral Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University & Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan; Addiction Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Y K
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Behavioral Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University & Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Addiction Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. Electronic address: rblu@mail.ncku.edu.tw.
authors.forename: R-B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000444:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase / Q000502:physiology*; D000071396:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Mitochondrial; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D015897:Comorbidity; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: C581293:DRD2 protein, human; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2; C096127:ALDH2 protein, human; D000444:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; D000071396:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Mitochondrial
keywords: ALDH2; Anxiety disorders; Bipolar II disorder; DRD2