title: Strategies for active TNF-α vaccination in rheumatoid arthritis treatment.
abstract: Local overexpression of tumor necrosis factors alpha (TNF-α) is critically involved in the inflammatory response and tissue destruction of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Currently, the blockade of TNF-α by passive immunotherapy is indeed efficacious in the treatment of RA, but it still present some disadvantages. Induction of high level of anti-TNF-α neutralizing autoantibodies by TNF-α autovaccine has been developed to avoid these shortcomings. This review is to briefly introduce several vaccination approaches that have been used to induce a B cell response, including coupled TNF-α (entire/peptide) with a carrier protein, modified TNF-α with foreign Th cell epitopes, and engineered DNA vaccine. These methods showed remarkable therapeutic efficiency in experimental animals which indicated that active TNF-α immunization would be a promising and cost-effective new treatment option for RA.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Tingting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Jinming
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Lunan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy*; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000276:immunology; D000939:Epitopes; D006433:Hemocyanins / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D014611:Vaccination / Q000379:methods*; D019444:Vaccines, DNA / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D000939:Epitopes; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019444:Vaccines, DNA; D006433:Hemocyanins; C032808:keyhole-limpet hemocyanin
keywords: Active vaccination; Rheumatoid arthritis; TNF-α