title: "The enemy within". How to identify chronic diseases induced-protein metabolism impairment and its possible pharmacological treatment.
abstract: Recent clinical and experimental data show that considerable impairment of protein metabolism occurs in patients with chronic diseases such as heart failure. However, too often the extent of impairment is under-estimated or ignored by most clinicians and no therapy is considered leading to progressive loss of body proteins, increase morbidity, hospital stay and mortality. This paper illustrates the possible biological markers to evaluate general protein metabolism, including quantification of related damage and possible improvement of the metabolism using specific therapeutical metabolic strategies recently studied in a clinical setting.
authors.affiliation: Foundation "Salvatore Maugeri", IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Lumezzane, via Mazzini 129, 25066 Lumezzane (BS), Italy. Electronic address: evpasini@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Evasio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pasini
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Aquilani
authors.forename: Francesco Saverio
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Dioguardi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002908:Chronic Disease; D006801:Humans; D009132:Muscles / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D055948:Sarcopenia / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D011506:Proteins
keywords: Amino acid; Chronic diseases; Nutrition; Protein metabolism; Rehabilitation; Sarcopenia