title: Fungal endophyte Penicillium janthinellum LK5 improves growth of ABA-deficient tomato under salinity.
abstract: An endophytic fungus was isolated from the roots of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill) and identified as Penicillium janthinellum LK5. The culture filtrate (CF) of P. janthinellum significantly increased the shoot length of gibberellins (GAs) deficient mutant waito-c and normal Dongjin-beyo rice seedlings as compared to control. The CF of P. janthinellum contained GAs (GA3, GA4, GA7 and GA12). To assess endophyte-growth promoting and stress-tolerance potential, the CF along with the propagules of endophyte was applied to tomato-host and abscisic acid (ABA)-deficient mutant Sitiens plants under sodium chloride (NaCl) induced salinity stress. Sitiens plants had retarded growth under normal and salinity stress however its growth was much improved during P. janthinellum-association. The endophyte inoculation reduced the membrane injury by decreasing lipid peroxidation as compared to non-inoculated control under salinity. Endophyte-associated Sitiens plants have significantly higher catalase, peroxidase and glutathione activities as compared to control. Endophyte-infected host and Sitiens plants had low level of sodium ion toxicity and high calcium contents in its root as compared to control. P. janthinellum LK5 helped the Sitiens plants to synthesis significantly higher ABA and reduced the level of jasmonic acid to modulate stress responses. The results suggest that endophytes-association can resist salinity stress by producing gibberellins and activating defensive mechanisms of host and Sitiens plants to achieve improved growth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman.
authors.forename: Abdul Latif
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Waqas
authors.forename: Abdur Rahim
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Javid
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.forename: Sang-Mo
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Syed Abdullah
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Gilani
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hamayun
authors.forename: Jae-Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kamran
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al-Harrasi
authors.forename: Byung-Wook
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Yun
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Adnan
authors.forename: In-Jung
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000040:Abscisic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D003517:Cyclopentanes / Q000378:metabolism; D060026:Endophytes / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005875:Gibberellins / Q000378:metabolism*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000382:microbiology; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D054883:Oxylipins / Q000378:metabolism; D010407:Penicillium / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism*; D010802:Phylogeny; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000382:microbiology*; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D054712:Salinity; D013559:Symbiosis
chemical_list: D003517:Cyclopentanes; D005875:Gibberellins; D054883:Oxylipins; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; D010940:Plant Proteins; C011006:jasmonic acid; D000040:Abscisic Acid