title: Evaluation of wearable simulation interface for military training.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This research evaluated the training effectiveness of a novel simulation interface, a wearable computer integrated into a soldier's load-bearing equipment.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Military teams often use game-based simulators on desktop computers to train squad-level procedures. A wearable computer interface that mimics the soldier's equipment was expected to provide better training through increased realism and immersion.
  
  
  METHODS
  A heuristic usability evaluation and two experiments were conducted. Eight evaluators interacted with both wearable and desktop interfaces and completed a usability survey. The first experiment compared the training retention of the wearable interface with a desktop simulator and interactive training video. The second experiment compared the training transfer of the wearable and desktop simulators with a live training environment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results indicated the wearable interface was more difficult to use and elicited stronger symptoms of simulator sickness. There was no significant difference in training retention between the wearable, desktop, or interactive video training methods. The live training used in the second experiment provided superior training transfer than the simulator conditions, with no difference between the desktop and wearable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The wearable simulator interface did not provide better training than the desktop computer interface. It also had poorer usability and caused worse simulator sickness. Therefore, it was a less effective training tool.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This research illustrates the importance of conducting empirical evaluations of novel training technologies. New and innovative technologies are always coveted by users, but new does not always guarantee improvement.
authors.affiliation: Applied Cognition & Training in Immersive Virtual Environments (ACTIVE) Lab, University of Central Florida Institute for Stimulation and Training, USA.
authors.forename: Grant S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: John S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Barnett
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008891:Military Science; D014163:Transfer, Psychology; D014584:User-Computer Interface; D014741:Video Recording; D055815:Young Adult