title: Gender differences in demographic and clinical features and prescribing patterns of psychotropic medications in patients with major depressive disorder in China.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Little is known about gender differences associated with major depressive disorder (MDD) in China. This study examined gender differences associated with other demographic and clinical characteristics and psychotropic drug treatment in Chinese patients with MDD.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1178 patients with MDD from 13 psychiatric hospitals or psychiatric units of general hospitals in China nationwide were enrolled. Cross-sectional data including patients' demographic and clinical characteristics and prescriptions of psychotropic medications were recorded using a standardized protocol and data collection procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sample consisted of 793 female and 385 male patients. Univariate analyses revealed that male patients were younger than female patients, had a younger age of onset of depression, had less lifetime depressive episodes and had more bipolar features (i.e. patients who screened positive for hypomanic symptoms on the 32-item Hypomania Checklist, but did not meet the diagnostic criteria for DSM-IV bipolar disorders as measured by the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview). Also, men were more likely to be employed than women and less likely to have depressive episodes following stressful life events. In multivariate analyses, being employed, having bipolar features and not having depressive episodes following stressful life events were independently associated with being a male patient with major depressive disorder. There was no difference in use of psychotropic medications by gender.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most gender differences in MDD patients in this study are not consistent with findings of Western studies suggesting that gender differences in MDD may be determined by both biological and sociocultural differences among ethnically different patient populations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Mood Disorders Center, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. Electronic address: xyutly@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Yu-Tao
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Tong
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Gabor S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Ungvari
authors.forename: Amy M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kilbourne
authors.forename: Kelly Y C
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Samuel Y S
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Tian-Mei
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Si
authors.forename: Qi-Wen
authors.initials: QW
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Da-Fang
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yi-Ru
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Hai-Chen
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Zhi-Yu
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Xiao-Ping
authors.initials: XP
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hui-Chun
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jin-Bei
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Helen F K
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Chiu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D017668:Age of Onset; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011307:Drug Prescriptions / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004651:Employment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D011619:Psychotropic Drugs