title: Serum Antibody Repertoire Profiling Using In Silico Antigen Screen.
abstract: Serum antibodies are valuable source of information on the health state of an organism. The profiles of serum antibody reactivity can be generated by using a high throughput sequencing of peptide-coding DNA from combinatorial random peptide phage display libraries selected for binding to serum antibodies. Here we demonstrate that the targets of immune response, which are recognized by serum antibodies directed against sequential epitopes, can be identified using the serum antibody repertoire profiles generated by high throughput sequencing. We developed an algorithm to filter the results of the protein database BLAST search for selected peptides to distinguish real antigens recognized by serum antibodies from irrelevant proteins retrieved randomly. When we used this algorithm to analyze serum antibodies from mice immunized with human protein, we were able to identify the protein used for immunizations among the top candidate antigens. When we analyzed human serum sample from the metastatic melanoma patient, the recombinant protein, corresponding to the top candidate from the list generated using the algorithm, was recognized by antibodies from metastatic melanoma serum on the western blot, thus confirming that the method can identify autoantigens recognized by serum antibodies. We demonstrated also that our unbiased method of looking at the repertoire of serum antibodies reveals quantitative information on the epitope composition of the targets of immune response. A method for deciphering information contained in the serum antibody repertoire profiles may help to identify autoantibodies that can be used for diagnosing and monitoring autoimmune diseases or malignancies.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.
authors.forename: Xinyue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Song
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Luke J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Tallo
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sadzewicz
authors.forename: Cassandra A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Schettine
authors.forename: Mikhail
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nikiforov
authors.forename: Elena N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Klyushnenkova
authors.forename: Yurij
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ionov
mesh_terms: D000135:Acid Phosphatase / Q000276:immunology; D000465:Algorithms; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000097:blood*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D003198:Computer Simulation; D030562:Databases, Protein; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D018604:Epitope Mapping; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization; D008545:Melanoma / Q000097:blood; D051379:Mice; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000276:immunology; D012984:Software
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D000135:Acid Phosphatase; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen