title: A comparative study of post operative analgesia, side effects profile and patient satisfaction using intrathecal fentanyl with and without morphine 0.1 mg in caesarean section.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This was a double-blinded, prospective randomized controlled trial to compare the postoperative analgesia, side effects profile and overall satisfaction in patients who received intrathecal fentanyl with or without morphine for elective Caesarean.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty ASA I and II parturients were randomized into two groups. Group I received intrathecal fentanyl with 0.1 mg morphine and Group II received intrathecal fentanyl only. Postoperatively, all patients were provided with oral analgesics. The degree of post-operative pain score was assessed by verbal pain score. The incidence of side effects was assessed every 4 hours for 24 hours, which included incidence of nausea, vomiting, pruritus, sedation and evidence of respiratory depression. Patient's overall satisfaction was also recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The verbal pain score was significantly lower in morphine group up to 20 hours postoperative period. The incidence of pruritus, nausea and vomiting were statistically significant up to 12 hours postoperative. There was no incidence of severe side effects in all the patients. There was significant difference between the morphine and no morphine group in terms of overall patient satisfaction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was significant difference in terms of lower pain score, higher incidence of side effects with better patients' overall satisfaction in morphine group.
authors.affiliation: Departrrnent of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hospital Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Wirzafeldi
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sawi
authors.forename: Y C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Choy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016362:Analgesia, Obstetrical; D002585:Cesarean Section; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D020250:Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012119:Respiration / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D009020:Morphine; D005283:Fentanyl