title: Thiosulfate in urine as a facilitator in the diagnosis of prostate cancer for patients with prostate-specific antigen less or equal 10 ng/mL.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to examine the level of thiosulfate in the urine of prostate cancer (PCa) patients and evaluate its usefulness in the diagnosis and monitoring of prostate malignant transformation. Thiosulfate is a naturally occurring product of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) metabolism. H2S is involved in many physiological and pathological processes including inflammation and tumorigenesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The determination of thiosulfate in the urine of PCa patients and healthy controls was performed by reverse-phased liquid chromatography using 2-chloro-1-methylquinolinium tetrafluoroborate as a derivatization reagent. Thiosulfate concentrations were normalized to urinary creatinine levels to compensate for variable diuresis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the urine samples of PCa patients, the mean thiosulfate level was almost 50 times higher than in the control groups and five times higher than in the benign prostatic hyperplasia group. The level of thiosulfate did not correlate with the serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level or PSA density. Neither tumor stage nor tumor grade was associated with thiosulfate level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that thiosulfate concentration in urine may be a good facilitator in the diagnostics of PCa. The predictive accuracy of this method is particularly valuable for the diagnosis of patients with low serum PSA level and negative digital rectal examination and transrectal ultrasound results.
authors.forename: Grażyna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chwatko
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Forma
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wilkosz
authors.forename: Rafał
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Głowacki
authors.forename: Paweł
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jóźwiak
authors.forename: Waldemar
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Różański
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bryś
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Krześlak
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000652:urine*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000652:urine*; D013885:Thiosulfates / Q000652:urine*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D013885:Thiosulfates; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen