title: Different impact of sex on baseline characteristics and major periprocedural outcomes of transcatheter and surgical aortic valve interventions: Results of the multicenter Italian OBSERVANT Registry.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite the widespread use of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), the role of sex on outcome after TAVI or surgical aortic valve replacement (AVR) has been poorly investigated. We investigated the impact of sex on outcome after TAVI or AVR.
  
  
  METHODS
  There were 2108 patients undergoing TAVI or AVR who were enrolled in the Italian Observational Multicenter Registry (OBSERVANT). Thirty-day mortality, major periprocedural morbidity, and transprosthetic gradients were stratified by sex according to interventions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Female AVR patients showed a worse risk profile compared with male AVR patients, given the higher mean age, prevalence of frailty score of 2 or higher, New York Heart Association class of 3 or higher, lower body weight, and preoperative hemoglobin level (P ≤ .02). Similarly, female TAVI patients had a different risk profile than male TAVI patients, given a higher age and a lower body weight and preoperative hemoglobin level (P ≤ .005), but with a similar New York Heart Association class, frailty score, EuroSCORE (P = NS), a better left ventricular ejection fraction and a lower prevalence of left ventricular ejection fraction less than 30%, porcelain aorta, renal dysfunction, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, arteriopathy, and previous cardiovascular surgery or percutaneous coronary intervention (P ≤ .01). Women showed a smaller aortic annulus than men in both populations (P < .001). Female sex was an independent predictor in the AVR population for risk-adjusted 30-day mortality (odds ratio [OR], 2.34; P = .043) and transfusions (OR, 1.47; P = .003), but not for risk-adjusted acute myocardial infarction, stroke, vascular complications, permanent atrioventricular block (P = NS). Female sex was an independent predictor in the TAVI population for risk-adjusted major vascular complications (OR, 2.92; P = .018) and transfusions (OR, 1.93; P = .003), but proved protective against moderate to severe postprocedural aortic insufficiency (P = .018).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Female sex is a risk factor for mortality after aortic valve replacement, for major vascular complications after TAVI, and for transfusions after both approaches.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Verona Medical School, Verona, Italy. Electronic address: frankono@libero.it.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Onorati
authors.affiliation: National Centre for Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: D'Errigo
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Catania, and ETNA Foundation, Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barbanti
authors.affiliation: National Centre for Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rosato
authors.affiliation: IRCCS Department of Anesthesia & Intensive Care, San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Remo Daniel
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Covello
authors.affiliation: National Centre for Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maraschini
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia, Intensive Care Unit and Department of Cardiac Surgery, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ranucci
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Gennaro
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Santoro
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Catania, and ETNA Foundation, Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: Corrado
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tamburino
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, S. Croce e Carle Hospital, Cuneo, Italy.
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Grossi
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Verona Medical School, Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Santini
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia, Intensive Care Unit and Department of Cardiac Surgery, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Menicanti
authors.affiliation: National Centre for Epidemiology, Surveillance and Health Promotion, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Fulvia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Seccareccia
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001021:Aortic Valve / Q000601:surgery*; D001024:Aortic Valve Stenosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D001803:Blood Transfusion; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D016014:Linear Models; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012042:Registries; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome