title: Comparative content review of children's participation measures using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health-Children and Youth.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate to what extent instruments that intend to measure children's participation actually do so, and to what extent their items can be classified according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health-Children and Youth (ICF-CY).
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic search was conducted in MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, ERIC, and EMBASE and was limited to the period between January 2000 and May 2011. The search terms of participation, outcome measure, and children were used to identify potential children's participation measures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Instruments were included if they (1) evaluated children's participation based on assessment purpose; (2) were suitable for use with children aged 2 to 12 years; (3) were generic assessments that could be used with a range of disabilities; and (4) involved self-report, proxy report, or interview administrations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Instruments were obtained from identified full-text articles and were evaluated for inclusion through group discussion. Two researchers further independently reviewed each included instrument to determine which of the items measured participation based on a contemporary definition. These items were also classified using the ICF-CY linking rules to reflect each instrument's content coverage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixteen instruments were identified with 11 found to have more than half of their items measuring participation, but only the School Function Assessment-Participation section comprised 100% participation items. The participation items in each instrument captured between 3 and 9 ICF-CY Activities and Participation domains. Only the Child and Adolescent Scale of Participation and the Participation and Environment Measure for Children and Youth covered all domains. Among the ICF-CY Activities and Participation domains, the interpersonal interactions and relationships domain was addressed the least.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This review revealed differences in the inclusion of participation items in existing children's participation measures and their classification according to the ICF-CY. These differences need to be considered when selecting an instrument.
authors.affiliation: Occupational Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. Electronic address: c.chien@uq.edu.au.
authors.forename: Chi-Wen
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Chien
authors.affiliation: Occupational Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Sylvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rodger
authors.affiliation: Occupational Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Jodie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Copley
authors.affiliation: Occupational Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Kelly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Skorka
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D019988:Children with Disabilities / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D064702:International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health; D008297:Male; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D058992:Social Participation
keywords: ACS; APS; ASKp; Activities Scale for Kids–Performance version; Activity Card Sort; Assessment of Life Habits; Assistance to Participate Scale; CAPE/PAC; CASP; CHORES; CLASS; CPQ; Child and Adolescent Scale of Participation; Children; Children Helping Out: Responsibilities, Expectations, and Supports; Children Participation Questionnaire; Children's Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment/Preferences for Activities of Children; Children's Leisure Assessment Scale; ICF-CY; International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health–Children and Youth; LIFE-H; Outcome assessment (health care); PACS; PADL; PCPQ; PEM-CY; PICO-Q; PIP; Participation and Environment Measure for Children and Youth; Participation in Activities of Daily Living; Participation in Childhood Occupations Questionnaire; Pediatric Activity Card Sort; Pediatric Community Participation Questionnaire; Pediatric Interest Profile; Rehabilitation; Review; SFA-P; School Function Assessment–Participation section; Social participation