title: Efficacy of transradial cerebral angiography in the elderly.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Transradial angiography has become popular among many cardiologists as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool. However, transradial cerebral angiography is not utilized to the same extent. The purpose of this study is to present our experience regarding the usefulness of transradial cerebral angiography, especially in elderly patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between May 2011 and February 2012, a total of 126 cerebral angiographies were performed via a transradial approach in a single center. Of them, only 47 patients were over 60 years old. In our institution, we shifted the initial access from the right femoral artery to the right radial artery in all patients requiring cerebral angiography in 2011. We did not attempt radial access in 40 cases for variable reasons.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The procedural success rate was 92.2%. We have four failures of transradial angiography; two because of loop formations of the radial and brachial artery and two due to multiple puncture failures. All supra-aortic vessels were successfully catheterized. However, the selective catheterization rates of the left side distal vessels were lower, as success rates were 89.7% for the right internal carotid artery and 75% for the left internal carotid artery. Procedure-related vascular complications, such as puncture site hematoma, hand ischemia, pseudoaneurysm, arteriovenous fistula and arterial dissection were not observed in our series. However, intraprocedural thrombosis developed in one patient, which was resolved completely by intraarterial thrombolytic agents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With advancing patient's age, we believe that transradial cerebral angiography is a useful tool to decrease patient's discomfort and more effectively manage the vessel tortuosity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Gospel Hospital, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Jung-Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Dae-Yong
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jin-Wook
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Yong-Seok
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Won-Bae
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Seung
keywords: Angiography; Cerebral angiography; Radial artery; Transradial