title: Are conduits superconductor-like and supported by tetrahedra structure of hyaluronic matrix in living systems? New perspectives.
abstract: All biological-medical treatments need a ground regulation in the intermeshed control loop system in animate matter. The focus of our contribution is to suggest a possible mechanism in this interconnected system that will work in order to supply/assist a higher ordered servo loop. Bonghan ducts indicate similarities to so-called meridians or conduits that are the central part in Chinese Medicine for the energy Qi. It is assumed that the nervous system demands a highly redundant and rapid communication system (RCS) probably established via the extracellular matrix (ECM) and triggered by a threshold value for the entire body. Metabolic processes could work in the picosecond's range while the nervous system is on the time scale at least one order of magnitude lower; probably most of them in the millisecond range. Long-range coherent electromagnetic phenomena and recent experiments indicate a structured superconducting-like system with the Josephson-effect behavior in biological systems. In the ECM are the components proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans (PG/GAGs) and among them the ubiquitarian hyaluronic acid plays probably an important role and can behave as liquid crystals while the charge transport is performed via proton "jumping" in the proton-chains. Therefore, the water molecules have to be confident on a nanometer scale, lowering their energy states, and set up a phase transition with a rapid jumping of the protons through the water-carbon-chains. These partial chains could probably be modeled by tiny pyramids of the atoms. We propose that in order to set up those long-range coherent effects, a vortex is created. By doing Qi Gong, an energetic vortex through the body is established and the entire body can be modeled by two-base plane-faced pyramids acting as a tunable cavity resonator obeying electrodynamics laws. Therefore, the phenomenon's of pyramids should be considered in animate and inanimate matter in order to achieve long-range coherent effects, which by now controversially discussed and to go new ways to come over the clutter.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Physiology, ICBAS – Biomedical Science Institute of Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. rainer.fromknecht@kit.edu
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fromknecht
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goncalves
authors.forename: Henry Johannes
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Greten
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Machado
mesh_terms: D002244:Carbon; D003142:Communication; D055590:Electromagnetic Phenomena; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D016740:Meridians; D008954:Models, Biological; D009420:Nervous System / Q000378:metabolism*; D044367:Phase Transition; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000378:metabolism; D011522:Protons; D019413:Qi; D064906:Qigong; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014867:Water / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D011509:Proteoglycans; D011522:Protons; D014867:Water; D002244:Carbon; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid