title: Efficient interventions on suicide prevention: a literature review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This review focuses on interventions to prevent suicide. It excludes psychotherapy evaluations and pharmaceutical clinical trials. The aim of this article is to provide useful input to the reflection on and the development of actions for professionals who may be concerned by suicide prevention.
  
  
  METHODS
  This research is based on 41 published evaluation studies presenting results on at least one of the three following outcomes: completed suicides, suicide attempts, and suicidal ideations. These studies have been classified into seven categories of preventive action.
  
  
  RESULTS
  According to data from the literature selected for our analysis, the three most efficient categories of intervention seem to be the limitation of access to lethal means, the preservation of contact with the patients hospitalized for a suicide attempt after hospitalization, and the implementation of emergency call centers. The four other categories of intervention examined in this study - the training of general practitioners, the reorganization of care, programs in schools, and information campaigns - have not yet shown sufficient proof of their efficacy. Nevertheless, these interventions, under certain conditions, can also contribute significantly to the prevention of suicide.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The majority of effective interventions minister to people already suffering from psychological disorders, but health promotion initiatives prior to situations of psychological disorders also deserve to be considered, in particular the implementation of services for the isolated elderly.
authors.affiliation: Institut national de prévention et d'éducation pour la santé (INPES), 42, boulevard de la Libération, 93203 Saint-Denis cedex, France.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: du Roscoät
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Beck
mesh_terms: D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D011322:Primary Prevention / Q000379:methods*; D011613:Psychotherapy / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013405:Suicide / Q000523:psychology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D000092864:Suicide Prevention
keywords: Détresse psychologique; Evaluation of interventions; Interventions évaluées; Literature review; Pensées suicidaires; Prévention du suicide; Psychological distress; Public health; Revue de littérature; Santé publique; Suicidal ideations; Suicide; Suicide prevention