title: Using Sex Pheromone and a Multi-Scale Approach to Predict the Distribution of a Rare Saproxylic Beetle.
abstract: The European red click beetle, Elater ferrugineus L., is associated with wood mould in old hollow deciduous trees. As a result of severe habitat fragmentation caused by human disturbance, it is threatened throughout its distribution range. A new pheromone-based survey method, which is very efficient in detecting the species, was used in the present study to relate the occurrence of E. ferrugineus to the density of deciduous trees. The latter data were from a recently completed regional survey in SE Sweden recording >120,000 deciduous trees. The occurrence of E. ferrugineus increased with increasing amount of large hollow and large non-hollow trees in the surrounding landscape. Quercus robur (oak) was found to be the most important substrate for E. ferrugineus, whereas two groups of tree species (Carpinus betulus, Fagus sylvatica, Ulmus glabra, vs. Acer platanoides, Aesculus hippocastanum, Fraxinus excelsior, Tilia cordata) were less important but may be a complement to oak in sustaining populations of the beetle. The occurrence of E. ferrugineus was explained by the density of oaks at two different spatial scales, within the circle radii 327 m and 4658 m. In conclusion, priority should be given to oaks in conservation management of E. ferrugineus, and then to the deciduous trees in the genera listed above. Conservation planning at large spatial and temporal scales appears to be essential for long-term persistence of E. ferrugineus. We also show that occurrence models based on strategic sampling might result in pessimistic predictions. This study demonstrates how pheromone-based monitoring make insects excellent tools for sustained feedback to models for landscape conservation management.
authors.affiliation: IFM Biology, Conservation Ecology Group, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Najihah
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Musa
authors.forename: Klas
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Burman
authors.forename: Fredrik
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hedenström
authors.forename: Nicklas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jansson
authors.forename: Heidi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Paltto
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Westerberg
authors.forename: Inis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Winde
authors.forename: Mattias C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Larsson
authors.forename: Karl-Olof
authors.initials: KO
authors.lastname: Bergman
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Milberg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001517:Coleoptera / Q000145:classification / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D017753:Ecosystem; D011156:Population Density; D029963:Quercus / Q000145:classification / Q000254:growth & development*; D012724:Sex Attractants / Q000378:metabolism*; D014934:Wood
chemical_list: D012724:Sex Attractants