title: Psychometric performance of the CAMPHOR and SF-36 in pulmonary hypertension.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Cambridge Pulmonary Hypertension Outcome Review (CAMPHOR) and the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 (SF-36) are widely used to assess patient-reported outcome in individuals with pulmonary hypertension (PH). The aim of the study was to compare the psychometric properties of the two measures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were recruited from specialist PH centres in Australia and New Zealand. Participants completed the CAMPHOR and SF-36 at two time points two weeks apart. The SF-36 is a generic health status questionnaire consisting of 36 items split into 8 sections. The CAMPHOR is a PH-specific measure consisting of 3 scales; symptoms, activity limitations and needs-based QoL. The questionnaires were assessed for distributional properties (floor and ceiling effects), internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha), test-retest reliability and construct validity (scores by World Health Organisation functional classification).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sample comprised 65 participants (mean (SD) age = 57.2 (14.5) years; n(%) male = 14 (21.5%)). Most of the patients were in WHO class 2 (27.7%) and 3 (61.5%). High ceiling effects were observed for the SF-36 bodily pain, social functioning and role emotional domains. Test-retest reliability was poor for six of the eight SF-36 domains, indicating high levels of random measurement error. Three of the SF-36 domains did not distinguish between WHO classes. In contrast, all CAMPHOR scales exhibited good distributional properties, test retest reliability and distinguished between WHO functional classes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The CAMPHOR exhibited superior psychometric properties, compared with the SF-36, in the assessment of PH patient-reported outcome.
authors.affiliation: Galen Research Ltd, Manchester, United Kingdom. jtwiss@galen-research.com
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Twiss
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McKenna
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ganderton
authors.forename: Sue
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.forename: Mitra
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ben-L'amri
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gain
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fowler
authors.forename: Eli
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gabbay
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001315:Australia; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000145:classification / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009520:New Zealand; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods; D063868:Patient Outcome Assessment; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014944:World Health Organization