title: Growth and inactivation of Salmonella at low refrigerated storage temperatures and thermal inactivation on raw chicken meat and laboratory media: mixed effect meta-analysis.
abstract: Growth and inactivation regression equations were developed to describe the effects of temperature on Salmonella concentration on chicken meat for refrigerated temperatures (⩽10°C) and for thermal treatment temperatures (55-70°C). The main objectives were: (i) to compare Salmonella growth/inactivation in chicken meat versus laboratory media; (ii) to create regression equations to estimate Salmonella growth in chicken meat that can be used in quantitative risk assessment (QRA) modeling; and (iii) to create regression equations to estimate D-values needed to inactivate Salmonella in chicken meat. A systematic approach was used to identify the articles, critically appraise them, and pool outcomes across studies. Growth represented in density (Log10CFU/g) and D-values (min) as a function of temperature were modeled using hierarchical mixed effects regression models. The current meta-analysis analysis found a significant difference (P⩽0.05) between the two matrices - chicken meat and laboratory media - for both growth at refrigerated temperatures and inactivation by thermal treatment. Growth and inactivation were significantly influenced by temperature after controlling for other variables; however, no consistent pattern in growth was found. Validation of growth and inactivation equations against data not used in their development is needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1. smadica@yahoo.ca
authors.forename: Hanan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Smadi
authors.forename: Jan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Sargeant
authors.forename: Harry S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Shannon
authors.forename: Parminder
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Raina
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens; D003080:Cold Temperature; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005519:Food Preservation; D061353:Food Storage; D006801:Humans; D007753:Laboratories; D008460:Meat / Q000382:microbiology*; D050296:Microbial Viability; D012034:Refrigeration / Q000592:standards*; D012475:Salmonella / Q000254:growth & development*; D012478:Salmonella Food Poisoning / Q000517:prevention & control
keywords: Broiler chicken; Meta-analysis; Mixed effect; Refrigeration; Salmonella; Thermal inactivation