title: Response to MacNeilage and Davis and to Oller.
abstract: The article by MacNeilage and Davis in this issue, entitled "In Defense of the 'Frames, then Content' (FC) Perspective on Speech Acquisition: A Response to Two Critiques" appears to assume that the only alternative to segment-level control is oscillation specifically of the jaw; however, other articulators could be oscillated by infants as well. This allows the preferred CV combinations to emerge without positing a level of segmental control in babbling. Their response does not address our modeling work, which, rather similarly to Davis's own modeling (Serkhane, Schwartz, Boë, Davis, & Matyear, 2007), shows little support for the Frame-then-Content (F/C) account. Our results show substantial support for the Articulatory Phonology (AP) one. A closer look at feeding in infants shows substantial control of the tongue and lips, casting further doubt on the foundation of the F/C account.
authors.affiliation: Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, Connecticut and Department of Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences, City University of New York.
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Whalen
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Giulivi
authors.forename: Louis M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.forename: Hosung
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.forename: Andrea G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Levitt