title: Working memory impairment in calcineurin knock-out mice is associated with alterations in synaptic vesicle cycling and disruption of high-frequency synaptic and network activity in prefrontal cortex.
abstract: Working memory is an essential component of higher cognitive function, and its impairment is a core symptom of multiple CNS disorders, including schizophrenia. Neuronal mechanisms supporting working memory under normal conditions have been described and include persistent, high-frequency activity of prefrontal cortical neurons. However, little is known about the molecular and cellular basis of working memory dysfunction in the context of neuropsychiatric disorders. To elucidate synaptic and neuronal mechanisms of working memory dysfunction, we have performed a comprehensive analysis of a mouse model of schizophrenia, the forebrain-specific calcineurin knock-out mouse. Biochemical analyses of cortical tissue from these mice revealed a pronounced hyperphosphorylation of synaptic vesicle cycling proteins known to be necessary for high-frequency synaptic transmission. Examination of the synaptic vesicle cycle in calcineurin-deficient neurons demonstrated an impairment of vesicle release enhancement during periods of intense stimulation. Moreover, brain slice and in vivo electrophysiological analyses showed that loss of calcineurin leads to a gene dose-dependent disruption of high-frequency synaptic transmission and network activity in the PFC, correlating with selective working memory impairment. Finally, we showed that levels of dynamin I, a key presynaptic protein and calcineurin substrate, are significantly reduced in prefrontal cortical samples from schizophrenia patients, extending the disease relevance of our findings. Our data provide support for a model in which impaired synaptic vesicle cycling represents a critical node for disease pathologies underlying the cognitive deficits in schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: Galenea Corporation, Wakefield, Massachusetts 01880, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Cottrell
authors.forename: Jonathan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Levenson
authors.forename: Sung Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Helen E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.forename: Kristen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sivula
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Crystle J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Ashford
authors.forename: Karen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Heindl
authors.forename: Ryan J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Babcock
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Rose
authors.forename: Chris M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Hempel
authors.forename: Kjesten A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Wiig
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Laeng
authors.forename: Margaret E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Levin
authors.forename: Timothy A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Gerber
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D019703:Calcineurin / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008875:Middle Aged; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000378:metabolism; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000378:metabolism*; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000502:physiology*; D013572:Synaptic Vesicles / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D019703:Calcineurin