title: Implementation phase of a multicentre prehospital telemedicine system to support paramedics: feasibility and possible limitations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Legal regulations often limit the medical care that paramedics can provide. Telemedical solutions could overcome these limitations by remotely providing expert support. Therefore, a mobile telemedicine system to support paramedics was developed. During the implementation phase of this system in four German emergency medical services (EMS), the feasibility and possible limitations of this system were evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  After obtaining ethical approval and providing a structured training program for all medical professionals, the system was implemented on three paramedic-staffed ambulances on August 1st, 2012. Two more ambulances were included subsequently during this month. The paramedics could initiate a consultation with EMS physicians at a teleconsultation centre. Telemedical functionalities included audio communication, real-time vital data transmission, 12-lead electrocardiogram, picture transmission on demand, and video streaming from a camera embedded into the ceiling of each ambulance. After each consultation, telephone-based debriefings were conducted. Data were retrieved from the documentation protocols of the teleconsultation centre and the EMS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During a one month period, teleconsultations were conducted during 35 (11.8%) of 296 emergency missions with a mean duration of 24.9 min (SD 12.5). Trauma, acute coronary syndromes, and circulatory emergencies represented 20 (57%) of the consultation cases. Diagnostic support was provided in 34 (97%) cases, and the administration of 50 individual medications, including opioids, was delegated by the teleconsultation centre to the paramedics in 21 (60%) missions (range: 1-7 per mission). No medical complications or negative interpersonal effects were reported. All applications functioned as expected except in one case in which the connection failed due to the lack of a viable mobile network.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The feasibility of the telemedical approach was demonstrated. Teleconsultation enabled early initiation of treatments by paramedics operating under the real-time medical direction. Teleconsultation can be used to provide advanced care until the patient is under a physician's care; moreover, it can be used to support the paramedics who work alone to provide treatment in non-life-threatening cases. Non-availability of mobile networks may be a relevant limitation. A larger prospective controlled trial is needed to evaluate the rate of complications and outcome effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany. sbergrath@ukaachen.de
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bergrath
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Czaplik
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rossaint
authors.forename: Frederik
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hirsch
authors.forename: Stefan Kurt
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Beckers
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Valentin
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wielpütz
authors.forename: Marie-Thérèse
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Schneiders
authors.forename: Jörg Christian
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Brokmann
mesh_terms: D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000628:therapy; D000552:Ambulances; D004634:Emergency Medical Technicians; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006801:Humans; D016730:Program Development; D019114:Remote Consultation / Q000458:organization & administration*; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000628:therapy