title: Early electro-clinical features may contribute to diagnosis of the anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe initial and follow-up electroencephalographic (EEG) characteristics in anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive polygraphic video-EEG recordings were analyzed in nine pediatric patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis at the initial stage of the disease and during the intermediate period until motor recovery. EEG characteristics in waking and sleep stages as well as EEG correlates of abnormal movements are described.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In six patients, [corrected] the waking EEG showed preserved background activity and either focal or unilateral hemispheric slowing. These children had more favorable outcome than the three children with diffuse slowing. Unilateral [corrected] abnormal movements contra-lateral to hemispheric or focal slowing were also indicative of milder severity when compared to generalized abnormal movements and diffuse slowing. During non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, a decrease in the expected slow waves and unilateral or diffuse theta-alpha band rhythms were observed in six children, not correlated with the outcome, representing a suggestive EEG pattern of anti-NMDAR encephalitis. [corrected].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In pediatric patients presenting behavioral disorders and abnormal movements, early EEG patterns may be suggestive of anti-NMDAR encephalitis. Moreover early electro-clinical presentation contributes to outcome prediction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This case series demonstrates that early EEG patterns may be suggestive of anti-NMDAR encephalitis in pediatric patients with behavioral disorders and abnormal movements.
authors.affiliation: Service de neurologie pédiatrique et maladies métaboliques, hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Service d'explorations fonctionnelles, laboratoire de neurophysiologie clinique, hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; INSERM U1016-CNRS8104-Université Paris-Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France. Electronic address: cyril.gitiaux@nck.aphp.fr.
authors.forename: Cyril
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gitiaux
authors.forename: Hina
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Simonnet
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eisermann
authors.forename: Dorothee
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Leunen
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Dulac
authors.forename: Rima
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nabbout
authors.forename: Mathilde
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chevignard
authors.forename: Jerôme
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Honnorat
authors.forename: Svetlana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gataullina
authors.forename: Lucile
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Musset
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Scalais
authors.forename: Agnès
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gauthier
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hully
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Boddaert
authors.forename: Mathieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuchenbuch
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Desguerre
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaminska
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000513:Alpha Rhythm; D060426:Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D020820:Dyskinesias / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012107:Research Design; D012894:Sleep Stages; D013826:Theta Rhythm; D058067:Wavelet Analysis
keywords: Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis; Child; Electroencephalogram; Outcome