title: A morphogenetic survey on ciliate plankton from a mountain lake pinpoints the necessity of lineage-specific barcode markers in microbial ecology.
abstract: Analyses of high-throughput environmental sequencing data have become the 'gold-standard' to address fundamental questions of microbial diversity, ecology and biogeography. Findings that emerged from sequencing are, e.g. the discovery of the extensive 'rare microbial biosphere' and its potential function as a seed-bank. Even though applied since several years, results from high-throughput environmental sequencing have hardly been validated. We assessed how well pyrosequenced amplicons [the hypervariable eukaryotic V4 region of the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene] reflected morphotype ciliate plankton. Moreover, we assessed if amplicon sequencing had the potential to detect the annual ciliate plankton stock. In both cases, we identified significant quantitative and qualitative differences. Our study makes evident that taxon abundance distributions inferred from amplicon data are highly biased and do not mirror actual morphotype abundances at all. Potential reasons included cell losses after fixation, cryptic morphotypes, resting stages, insufficient sequence data availability of morphologically described species and the unsatisfying resolution of the V4 SSU rRNA fragment for accurate taxonomic assignments. The latter two underline the necessity of barcoding initiatives for eukaryotic microbes to better and fully exploit environmental amplicon data sets, which then will also allow studying the potential of seed-bank taxa as a buffer for environmental changes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany.
authors.forename: Thorsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stoeck
authors.forename: Hans-Werner
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Breiner
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Filker
authors.forename: Veronika
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ostermaier
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kammerlander
authors.forename: Bettina
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sonntag
mesh_terms: D001317:Austria; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000032:analysis; D000077194:Chlorophyll A; D016798:Ciliophora / Q000145:classification / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics*; D058893:DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic; D016054:DNA, Protozoan / Q000235:genetics; D020459:Genes, rRNA; D060106:Lakes / Q000382:microbiology*; D010933:Plankton / Q000145:classification / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics; D012337:RNA, Ribosomal, 18S / Q000235:genetics; D014871:Water Microbiology
chemical_list: D016054:DNA, Protozoan; D012337:RNA, Ribosomal, 18S; D002734:Chlorophyll; D000077194:Chlorophyll A