title: Discrimination between schizophrenia and major depressive disorder by magnetic resonance imaging of the female brain.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although schizophrenia and major depressive disorder (MDD) differ on a variety of neuroanatomical measures, a diagnostic tool to discriminate these disorders has not yet been established. We tried to identify structural changes of the brain that best discriminate between schizophrenia and MDD on the basis of gray matter volume, ventricle volume, and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).
  
  
  METHODS
  The first exploration sample consisted of 25 female patients with schizophrenia and 25 females with MDD. Regional brain volumes and fractional anisotropy (FA) values were entered into a discriminant analysis. The second validation sample consisted of 18 female schizophrenia and 16 female MDD patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The stepwise discriminant analysis resulted in correct classification rates of 0.80 in the schizophrenic group and 0.76 in MDD. In the second validation sample, the obtained model yielded correct classification rates of 0.72 in the schizophrenia group and 0.88 in the MDD group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that schizophrenia and MDD have differential structural changes in the examined brain regions and that the obtained discriminant score may be useful to discriminate the two disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan. ota@ncnp.go.jp
authors.forename: Miho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ota
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hori
authors.forename: Daimei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sasayama
authors.forename: Kotaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hattori
authors.forename: Toshiya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Teraishi
authors.forename: Takamasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Noda
authors.forename: Satoko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Obu
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakata
authors.forename: Teruhiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Higuchi
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kunugi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016880:Anisotropy; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000473:pathology*; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000473:pathology*
keywords: Diffusion tensor imaging; Discriminant analysis; Magnetic resonance imaging; Major depressive disorder; Schizophrenia