title: An efficient method for decellularization of the rat liver.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Using gradient ionic detergent, we optimized the preparation procedure for the decellularized liver biologic scaffold, and analyzed its immunogenicity and biocompatibility.
  
  
  METHODS
  EDTA, hypotonic alkaline solution, Triton X-100, and gradient sodium dodecyl sulfate (1%, 0.5%, and 0.1%, respectively) were prepared for continuous perfusion through the hepatic vascular system. The decellularization of the liver tissue was performed with the optimized reagent buffer and washing protocol. In addition, the preservation of the original extracellular matrix was observed. To analyze its biocompatibility, the scaffold was embedded in a heterologous animal and the inflammation features, including the surrounding cell infiltration and changes of the scaffold architecture, were detected. The cell-attachment ability was also validated by the perfusion culture of HepG2 cells with the scaffold.
  
  
  RESULTS
  By using gradient ionic detergent, we completed the decellularization process in approximately 5 h, which was shorter than >10 hours in previous experiments (p<0.001). The extracellular matrix was kept relatively intact, with no obvious inflammatory cellular infiltration or structural damage in the grafted tissue. The engraftment efficiencies of HepG2 were 86±5% (n=8). The levels of albumin and urea synthesis were significantly superior to the ones in traditional two-dimensional culture.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current new method can be used efficiently for the decellularization of the liver biologic scaffold with satisfying biocomparability for application both in vivo and in vitro.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
authors.forename: Ming Xin
authors.initials: MX
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Department of Tumor Surgery, Xinxiang Central Hospital, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China.
authors.forename: Peng Yun
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
authors.forename: Li Quan
authors.initials: LQ
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
authors.forename: Xiao Hui
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China. Electronic address: nn1012@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China. Electronic address: gaoyi6146@163.com.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D000418:Albumins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000818:Animals; D001807:Blood Vessel Prosthesis; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000637:transplantation*; D005260:Female; D056945:Hep G2 Cells / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000166:cytology*; D008297:Male; D045170:Matrix Attachment Regions / Q000502:physiology; D010477:Perfusion; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds; D014508:Urea / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000418:Albumins; D014508:Urea
keywords: biocompatibility; decellularization; liver organ