title: Chemical and colloidal stability of carboxylated core-shell magnetite nanoparticles designed for biomedical applications.
abstract: Despite the large efforts to prepare super paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MNPs) for biomedical applications, the number of FDA or EMA approved formulations is few. It is not known commonly that the approved formulations in many instances have already been withdrawn or discontinued by the producers; at present, hardly any approved formulations are produced and marketed. Literature survey reveals that there is a lack for a commonly accepted physicochemical practice in designing and qualifying formulations before they enter in vitro and in vivo biological testing. Such a standard procedure would exclude inadequate formulations from clinical trials thus improving their outcome. Here we present a straightforward route to assess eligibility of carboxylated MNPs for biomedical tests applied for a series of our core-shell products, i.e., citric acid, gallic acid, poly(acrylic acid) and poly(acrylic acid-co-maleic acid) coated MNPs. The discussion is based on physicochemical studies (carboxylate adsorption/desorption, FTIR-ATR, iron dissolution, zeta potential, particle size, coagulation kinetics and magnetization measurements) and involves in vitro and in vivo tests. Our procedure can serve as an example to construct adequate physico-chemical selection strategies for preparation of other types of core-shell nanoparticles as well.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Szeged, Aradi Vt. 1, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary. szekeres@chem.u-szeged.hu
authors.forename: Márta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Szekeres
authors.forename: Ildikó Y
authors.initials: IY
authors.lastname: Tóth
authors.forename: Erzsébet
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Illés
authors.forename: Angéla
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hajdú
authors.forename: István
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Zupkó
authors.forename: Katalin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Farkas
authors.forename: Gábor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Oszlánczi
authors.forename: László
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tiszlavicz
authors.forename: Etelka
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tombácz
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D000327:Adsorption; D000818:Animals; D002264:Carboxylic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D003102:Colloids / Q000737:chemistry*; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D051381:Rats; D013623:Tail / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D002264:Carboxylic Acids; D003102:Colloids; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; C000499:ferric oxide; C006903:carbopol 940