title: Indigofera suffruticosa Mill extracts up-regulate the expression of the π class of glutathione S-transferase and NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 in rat Clone 9 liver cells.
abstract: Because induction of phase II detoxification enzyme is important for chemoprevention, we study the effects of Indigofera suffruticosa Mill, a medicinal herb, on the expression of π class of glutathione S-transferase (GSTP) and NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) in rat Clone 9 liver cells. Both water and ethanolic extracts of I. suffruticosa significantly increased the expression and enzyme activities of GSTP and NQO1. I. suffruticosa extracts up-regulated GSTP promoter activity and the binding affinity of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) with the GSTP enhancer I oligonucleotide. Moreover, I. suffruticosa extracts increased nuclear Nrf2 accumulation as well as ARE transcriptional activity. The level of phospho-ERK was augmented by I. suffruticosa extracts, and the ERK inhibitor PD98059 abolished the I. suffruticosa extract-induced ERK activation and GSTP and NQO-1 expression. Moreover, I. suffruticosa extracts, especially the ethanolic extract increased the glutathione level in mouse liver and red blood cells as well as Clone 9 liver cells. The efficacy of I. suffruticosa extracts in induction of phase II detoxification enzymes and glutathione content implies that I. suffruticosa could be considered as a potential chemopreventive agent.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chun-Chieh
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chin-San
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Chien-Chun
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Chia-Wen
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Hsien-Tsung
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Te-Chung
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Haw-Wen
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Pei-Yin
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yu-Ling
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Chong-Kuei
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Lii
authors.forename: Kai-Li
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002999:Clone Cells; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D004790:Enzyme Induction / Q000187:drug effects*; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D020834:Ethnopharmacology; D005978:Glutathione / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D029883:Indigofera / Q000737:chemistry*; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D016660:NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone) / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D009841:Oligonucleotides / Q000378:metabolism; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000737:chemistry; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D020218:Response Elements / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2; C495637:Nfe2l2 protein, rat; D009841:Oligonucleotides; D016660:NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone); C507703:NQO1 protein, rat; D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi; C496558:Gstp1 protein, rat; D005978:Glutathione
keywords: 12-O-tetra-decanoyl-phorbol-13-acetated response-like; 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; AP-1; ARE; Antioxidant response element; DMSO; ERK1/2; GPEI; GST; GSTP; GSTP enhancer I; HPLC; Indigofera suffruticosa; Keap1; Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1; MTT; NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1; NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1; NQO1; Nrf2; Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2; PARP; PMSF; RT-PCR; TRE-like; activator protein-1; antioxidant response element; dimethylsulfoxide; extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2; glutathione S-transferase; high-performance liquid chromatography; nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2; phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride; poly ADP-ribose polymerase; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; π Class of glutathione S-transferase; π class of glutathione S-transferase