title: Synthesis, characterization, and DNA binding, photocleavage, cytotoxicity, cellular uptake, apoptosis, and on-off light switching studies of Ru(II) mixed-ligand complexes containing 7-fluorodipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine.
abstract: Four new ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes-[Ru(phen)2(7-F-dppz)](2+) (7-F-dppz is 7-fluorodipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine, phen is 1,10-phenanthroline), [Ru(bpy)2(7-F-dppz)](2+)(2) (bpy is 2,2'-bipyridine), [Ru(dmb)2(7-F-dppz)](2+) (dmb is 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine), and [Ru(hdpa)2(7-F-dppz)](2+) (hdpa is 2,2'-dipyridylamine)-have been synthesized and characterized. Their DNA binding behavior has been explored by various spectroscopic titrations and viscosity measurements, which indicated that all the complexes bind to calf thymus DNA by means of intercalation with different binding strengths. The light switching properties of these complexes have been evaluated, and their antimicrobial activities have been investigated. Photoinduced DNA cleavage studies have been performed. All the complexes exhibited efficient photocleavage of pBR322 DNA on irradiation. The cytotoxicity of these complexes has been evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay with various tumor cell lines. Cellular uptake was studied by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Flow cytometry experiments showed that these complexes induced apoptosis of HeLa cell lines.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, 500007, India.
authors.forename: Nancherla
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Deepika
authors.forename: Yata Praveen
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Chittimalli
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shobha Devi
authors.forename: Putta Venkat
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: Avudoddi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Srishailam
authors.forename: Sirasani
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Satyanarayana
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001692:Biological Transport; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D060326:Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D053837:DNA Cleavage / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010619:Phenazines / Q000737:chemistry; D012428:Ruthenium / Q000737:chemistry*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D010619:Phenazines; D012428:Ruthenium; D004247:DNA