title: Morphological characteristics of frontal sinus and nasal bone focusing on bone resorption and apposition in hypophosphatemic rickets.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize the size and the morphology of the frontal sinus (i.e., structure evolved by bone resorption) and the nasal bone (i.e., structure evolved by bone formation) in adults with hypophosphatemic rickets (HR) compared with controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six patients with HR (12 males and 24 females) aged 21-74 years were included. The control group comprised 49 healthy individuals (23 males and 26 females) aged 20-79 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Profile cephalograms were obtained and the following measurements were included: height and width of the frontal sinus; length, width, and area of the nasal bone. The morphology of the nasal bone was assessed. Linear regression analyses were used to compare HR patients with controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In HR patients, the size of the frontal sinus was unaffected (p = 0.406 to p = 0.862). The proximal width of the nasal bone, and the ratio between the proximal width and the axial length of the nasal bone were increased in HR patients (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The size of the frontal sinus was unaffected, indicating a normal ability of bone resorption within the bone. The morphology of the nasal bone was abnormal indicating a disturbance in bone formation during growth. The disturbances in nasal bone modeling were mainly expressed in the proximal part supported by structures of cartilaginous origin.
authors.affiliation: Center for Oral Health in Rare Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gjørup
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kjaer
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sonnesen
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Beck-Nielsen
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Haubek
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D059925:Anatomic Landmarks / Q000473:pathology; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005626:Frontal Sinus / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009295:Nasal Bone / Q000473:pathology*; D055171:Nasal Cartilages / Q000473:pathology; D009300:Nasal Septum / Q000473:pathology; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D019252:Radiography, Dental, Digital / Q000379:methods; D063730:Rickets, Hypophosphatemic / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: bone formation; bone resorption; frontal sinus; hypophosphatemic rickets; nasal bone