title: Graphene oxide protected nucleic acid probes for bioanalysis and biomedicine.
abstract: Recently, the binding ability of DNA on GO and resulting nuclease resistance have attracted increasing attention, leading to new applications both in vivo and in vitro. In vivo, nucleic acids absorbed on GO can be effectively protected from enzymatic degradation and biological interference in complicated samples, making it useful for targeted delivery, gene regulation, intracellular detection and imaging with high uptake efficiencies, high intracellular stability, and very low toxicity. In vitro, the adsorption of ssDNA on GO surface and desorption of dsDNA or well-folded ssDNA from GO surface result in the protection and deprotection of DNA from nucleic digestion, respectively, which has led to target-triggered cyclic enzymatic amplification methods (CEAM) for amplified detection of analytes with sensitivity 2-3 orders of magnitude higher than that of 1:1 binding strategies. This Concept article explores some of the latest developments in this field.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Yanling
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Guoliang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ke
authors.forename: Zhichao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.forename: Huimin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Yishun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Zhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Chaoyong James
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D052157:Aptamers, Nucleotide / Q000737:chemistry; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000737:chemistry; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D015341:Nucleic Acid Probes / Q000737:chemistry*; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D000077022:Survivin
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D052157:Aptamers, Nucleotide; C107489:BIRC5 protein, human; D004337:Drug Carriers; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D015341:Nucleic Acid Probes; D010087:Oxides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D000077022:Survivin; D006108:Graphite; D004317:Doxorubicin
keywords: aptamers; graphene oxide; nuclease resistance; nucleic acids; signal amplification