title: [Severe aortic stenosis and cardiogenic shock: a therapeutic challenge].
abstract: Acute heart failure in patients with severe aortic stenosis and left ventricular systolic dysfunction is well known for its dire prognosis and limited therapeutic options. The authors describe the case of a man admitted for non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Diagnostic exams revealed severe aortic stenosis, with good left ventricular systolic function, and two-vessel coronary artery disease. The development of cardiogenic shock with left ventricular systolic dysfunction on day four led to changes in the therapeutic strategy. Percutaneous aortic balloon valvuloplasty coupled with complete myocardial revascularization was performed with a view to future surgical intervention. After discharge, the patient was readmitted with acute pulmonary edema, cardiogenic shock and cardiopulmonary arrest. Ventilator weaning was not possible due to acute heart failure and so it was decided to administer levosimendan, which resulted in substantial clinical and echocardiographic improvement. The patient subsequently underwent successful aortic valve replacement. This case highlights the challenge that characterizes the management of patients with concomitant coronary artery disease, left ventricular systolic dysfunction and severe aortic stenosis. Percutaneous aortic balloon valvuloplasty and levosimendan were safe and effective in the treatment of acute heart failure, acting as a bridge to surgery.
authors.affiliation: Serviço de Cardiologia, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. Electronic address: franciscacaetano@sapo.pt.
authors.forename: Francisca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Caetano
authors.forename: Inês
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.forename: Luís
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Seca
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Botelho
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mota
authors.forename: António
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Leitão Marques
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001024:Aortic Valve Stenosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012770:Shock, Cardiogenic / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy*
keywords: Aortic balloon valvuloplasty; Cardiogenic shock; Choque cardiogénico; Estenose aórtica grave; Levosimendan; Severe aortic stenosis; Valvuloplastia aórtica com balão