title: The relationship between positive and negative automatic thought and activity in the prefrontal and temporal cortices: a multi-channel near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recently, neurobiological studies of the cognitive model of depression have become vastly more important, and a growing number of such studies are being reported. However, the relationship between the proportion of positive and negative automatic thought and activity in the prefrontal and temporal cortices has not yet been explored. We examined the relationship between brain activity and the proportion of positive and negative automatic thought in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), using multi-channel near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS).
  
  
  METHODS
  We recruited 75 individuals with MDD (36 females; mean age=39.23 ± 12.49). They completed the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire-Revised, Japanese version of the National Adult Reading Test, and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Brain activation was measured by 52-channel NIRS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that activation in the vicinity of the right superior temporal gyrus is related to a deviation to negative of the proportion of positive and negative thoughts in individuals with MDD. Left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activity was higher in the group with comparatively frequent positive thought.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our participants were patients taking antidepressant medication, which is known to influence brain activity. Second, the poor spatial resolution of NIRS increases the difficulty of identifying the measurement position.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found that activation of the prefrontal and temporal cortices is related to the proportion of automatic thoughts in the cognitive model of depression.
authors.affiliation: Department of School Education, Aichi University of Education, Hirosawa, Kariya, Aichi 448-8542, Japan. skoseki@auecc.aichi-edu.ac.jp
authors.forename: Shunsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koseki
authors.forename: Takamasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Noda
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.forename: Yoshihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kunisato
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Haruna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Suyama
authors.forename: Taro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sugimura
authors.forename: Naoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ishihara
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Kanako
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakazawa
authors.forename: Sumiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Kunimasa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Arima
authors.forename: Shin-ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suzuki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000502:physiology*; D013850:Thinking / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Automatic thought; Major depressive disorder; Near-infrared spectroscopy; State of mind model