title: Prostaglandin associated periorbitopathy in patients using bimatoprost, latanoprost and travoprost.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To investigate the frequency of prostaglandin-associated periorbitopathy among bimatoprost, latanoprost and travoprost users.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective observational case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study group included 105 patients who were using one of the drugs in one eye for more than 1 month, and the other eye was used as a control.
  
  
  METHODS
  The frequency of prostaglandin-associated periorbitopathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Special care was taken to detect five prostaglandin-associated periorbitopathy findings. Hertel exophthalmometry measurements and colour pictures of the periocular area were taken.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistically significant differences were found among the groups regarding the presence of all prostaglandin-associated periorbitopathy findings (P < 0.05). Periorbital fat loss was the most frequent and was observed in nearly all prostaglandin-associated periorbitopathy patients except those who were relatively young. The overall frequency of prostaglandin-associated periorbito pathy was 93.3% in the bimatoprost group, 41.4% in the latanoprost group and 70% in the travoprost group. The frequency of deepening of the upper lid sulcus was 80% in the bimatoprost group, 15.7% in the latanoprost group and 45% in the travoprost group. The frequency of milder changes (the presence of either only periorbital fat loss or dermatochalasis involution or the presence of both) was higher in the latanoprost group (62%) than in the travoprost (35.7%) and bimatoprost (7.1%) groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prostaglandin-associated periorbitopathy is as common as other adverse effects when careful examinations are performed and is more frequent and more severe in bimatoprost users. The loss of the periorbital fat pad is the first sign to occur during the evolution of prostaglandin-associated periorbitopathy, especially in older patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Gulhane Military Academy of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kucukevcilioglu
authors.forename: Atilla
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bayer
authors.forename: Yusuf
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Uysal
authors.forename: Halil I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Altinsoy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000577:Amides / Q000009:adverse effects; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000069580:Bimatoprost; D003008:Cloprostenol / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D005141:Eyelid Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D000077338:Latanoprost; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009798:Ocular Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D009916:Orbital Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis; D011461:Prostaglandins F, Synthetic / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D000069557:Travoprost; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D011461:Prostaglandins F, Synthetic; D003008:Cloprostenol; D000077338:Latanoprost; D000069580:Bimatoprost; D000069557:Travoprost
keywords: frequency; glaucoma; periorbitopathy; prostaglandin