title: Breast cancer detection of large size to DCIS by hypoxia and angiogenesis using NIRS.
abstract: This investigation aimed to test all tumor-bearing patients who undergo biopsy to see if angiogenesis and hypoxia can detect cancer. We used continuous-wave near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to measure blood hemoglobin concentration to obtain blood volume or total hemoglobin [Hbtot] and oxygen saturation for the angiogenesis and hypoxic biomarkers. The contralateral breast was used as a reference to derive the difference from breast tumor as a difference in total hemoglobin Δ[HBtot] and a difference in deoxygenation Δ([Hb]-[HbO2]). A total of 91 invasive cancers, 26 DCIS, 45 fibroblastomas, 96 benign tumors excluding cysts, and 67 normal breasts were examined from four hospitals. In larger-size tumors, there is significantly higher deoxygenation in invasive and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) than in that of benign tumors, but no significant difference was seen in smaller tumors of ≤ 1 cm. With the two parameters of high total hemoglobin and hypoxia score, the sensitivity and specificity of cancer detection were 60.3 % and 85.3 %, respectively. In summary, smaller-size tumors are difficult to detect with NIRS, whereas DCIS can be detected by the same total hemoglobin and hypoxic score in our study.
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. shoko@nioka.net.|Institute of Computer and Communication Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. shoko@nioka.net.
authors.forename: Shoko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nioka
authors.affiliation: Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Mitch
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shnall
authors.affiliation: Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Conant
authors.affiliation: Radiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Shih Chang
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Radiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Visjna Baksa
authors.initials: VB
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.affiliation: Radiology, National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Boon Chye
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Ching
authors.affiliation: Radiology, National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Juliana Ho Teng
authors.initials: JHT
authors.lastname: Swan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Computer and Communication Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Pau Choo
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Radiology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Lili
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Institute of Oral Medicine, Center for Advanced Optoelectronics Technology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Darbin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shieh
authors.affiliation: Institute of Computer and Communication Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yungchi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Institute of Computer and Communication Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chenghung
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Opto Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Sheng Hao
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.affiliation: Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Britton
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chance
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D001706:Biopsy / Q000379:methods; D001810:Blood Volume / Q000502:physiology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000098:blood supply / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology*; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000097:blood / Q000098:blood supply / Q000175:diagnosis; D002285:Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating / Q000097:blood / Q000098:blood supply / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015687:Cell Hypoxia / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D006454:Hemoglobins; D010100:Oxygen