title: Silver nanoparticles impregnated alginate-chitosan-blended nanocarrier induces apoptosis in human glioblastoma cells.
abstract: Herein, a green method for the development of a novel biodegradable silver nanoparticles (NPs) impregnated alginate-chitosan-blended nanocarrier (Ag NPs-Alg-Chi NC) is reported. The synthesis of Ag NPs-Alg-Chi NC is based on the polyelectrolyte complex formation between alginate and chitosan. The composite NC is characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The Ag NPs in the NC are found to elicit anticell proliferative effect on refractory U87MG (human glioblastoma) cells at IC50 of 2.4 μg mL(-1) for Ag NPs. The cell cycle analysis shows extensive DNA damage. Elevation in reactive oxygen species level indicates induction of oxidative stress in treated cells. Mitochondrial dysfunction in cell death is evident from the depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm ). Fluorescence and SEM images of the treated cells reveal nuclear and morphological changes characteristic of apoptosis, which is further confirmed by TUNEL assay. The induction of apoptosis at low concentration of Ag NPs present in Ag NPs-Alg-Chi NC in comparison with free Ag NPs makes it a promising tool for cancer therapy.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
authors.forename: Shilpa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chockalingam
authors.forename: Pallab
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sanpui
authors.forename: Arun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chattopadhyay
authors.forename: Siddhartha Sankar
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Ghosh
mesh_terms: D000464:Alginates / Q000737:chemistry*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D059447:Cell Cycle Checkpoints / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry*; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000378:metabolism; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D053761:Nanocomposites / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D012834:Silver; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D048271:Chitosan; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases
keywords: alginate; apoptosis; chitosan; glioblastoma; reactive oxygen species; silver nanoparticles