title: Adipose tissue 11βHSD1 gene expression, βcell function and ectopic fat in obese African Americans versus Hispanics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined the contribution of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) 11βHSD1 to obese African Americans' (AA) elevated metabolic risk, despite a protective obesity phenotype of reduced visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and hepatic fat fraction (HFF) relative to obese Hispanics with similar metabolic risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  Obese AA and Hispanic adults (N = 36(16AA); BMI 35.2 ± 0.6 kg/m(2) , 18-25y) participated, with VAT, SAT, and HFF measured by MRI, SAT gene expression measured by HT-12 microarray and insulin sensitivity (SI), disposition index (DI) by IVGTT. Multiple linear regression examined relationships/interactions of ethnicity and 11βHSD1 expression on outcomes (covariates: age, sex, total fat mass), with standardized β (stβ) reported.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SAT 11βHSD1 expression significantly associated with insulin parameters and this varied by ethnicity (Pinteraction <0.1). In AA, 11βHSD1 negatively associated with SI (stβ = -0.58, P = 0.03), DI (stβ = -0.62, P = 0.03) and positively associated with fasting insulin (stβ = 0.54, P = 0.04), with no significant relationship in Hispanics. SAT 11βHSD1 associated with HFF in the combined sample (stβ = 0.42, P = 0.008), with no difference between ethnicites (Pinteraction >0.1). After controlling for HFF, 11βHSD1 associations with metabolic risk in AA became nonsignificant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggested that in AA and not Hispanics, SAT 11βHSD1 is associated with SI and DI, and may be mediated by HFF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Lauren E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Gyllenhammer
authors.forename: Tanya L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Alderete
authors.forename: Swapna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mahurka
authors.forename: Hooman
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Allayee
authors.forename: Michael I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Goran
mesh_terms: D043205:11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000235:genetics*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000378:metabolism; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics*; D050151:Subcutaneous Fat / Q000378:metabolism*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D043205:11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1; C468386:HSD11B1 protein, human