title: Measurement of tear film thickness using ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To visualize the precorneal tear film with ultrahigh-resolution spectral domain optical coherence tomography, enabling quantification of tear film thickness in healthy subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  A custom-built spectral domain optical coherence tomography system comprising a broadband titanium:sapphire laser operating at 800 nm and a high-speed charge coupled device (CCD) camera with a read-out rate of 47 kHz was used for measurement of precorneal tear film thickness. The system provides a theoretical axial resolution of 1.2 μm in tissue. The signal-to-noise ratio close to the zero delay was measured with 94 dB. A total of 26 healthy subjects were included in this study. Measurement was started immediately after blinking and averaged over a period of 1 second. In a subset of eight healthy subjects, the reproducibility of the approach was studied by measuring the tear film thickness every 10 minutes over 1 hour.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average central tear film thickness of the measured population was 4.79 ± 0.88 μm. Reproducibility was very high, with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.97. A breakup of the tear film was observed in one subject after 14 seconds.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data indicate that the human precorneal tear film can be measured with excellent reproducibility using ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography. This technique may be a valuable tool in the management of dry eye syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: René M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Werkmeister
authors.forename: Aneesh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alex
authors.forename: Semira
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaya
authors.forename: Angelika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Unterhuber
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hofer
authors.forename: Jasmin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Riedl
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bronhagl
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vietauer
authors.forename: Doreen
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schmidl
authors.forename: Tilman
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schmoll
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Garhöfer
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Drexler
authors.forename: Rainer A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Leitgeb
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Groeschl
authors.forename: Leopold
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schmetterer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001767:Blinking; D003315:Cornea / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015352:Dry Eye Syndromes / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013666:Tears / Q000737:chemistry*; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: dry eyes; optical coherence tomography; tear film thickness