title: Centre-based statistics of cleft lip with/without alveolus and palate as well as cleft palate only patients in Aden, Yemen.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the study was to report the types and patterns of cleft lip with/without cleft alveolus and palate as well as cleft palate only as seen in Aden, Yemen.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective, centre-based study conducted at the Cleft Lip and Palate Centre, Aden University, Yemen.
  
  
  METHODS
  Statistical evaluation of the data from all cleft patients who were registered at or referred to this centre during the years 2005-2011.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1110 cleft patients were seen during the period studied (2005-2011). Amongst these there were 183 (16.48%) with a cleft lip and 144 (12.98) with a cleft of lip and alveolus, 228 (20.54%) had a cleft palate, and 555 (50%) had a combination of cleft lip, alveolus, and palate. The clefts were found more often in males than in females (56.5% boys versus 43.5% girls). This difference was statistically significant (p ≤ 0.001). Statistically significant sex differences were also noted when evaluating the various cleft types. Isolated cleft palates were found most often in females. Among the cleft palate cases there were 102 (9.2%) with a cleft soft palate only. The ages of the patients were between one day and 40 years. Two hundred and one children (18%) had a positive family history of clefts. Among the risk factors considered in this study, consanguineous marriages among cousins were found most frequently (in 48% of the cases). In contrast to this, only 10% of the mothers had reported to have been taking medication directly prior to or during the first trimester of their pregnancy. On average the mothers were neither very young nor very old.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence rate of orofacial cleft types among this Yemeni sample was similar to prevalence rates previously reported in white Caucasians. The present study did neither find many cases with medication before, nor during, pregnancy; there were few young or very old mothers; and the incidence of positive family histories was similar to those found in other studies on clefts. However, consanguineous marriages were encountered quite often.
authors.affiliation: Cleft Lip and Palate Centre, Aden University, Aden, Yemen.
authors.forename: Ahlam Hibatulla Ali
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Esmail
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Oral Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Aden University, Aden, Yemen.
authors.forename: Muhgat Ahmed Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Abdo
authors.affiliation: Research Group Biostatistics, Dept. of Medical Biometrics und Informatics (Chair: Prof. Dr. Georg Füllen), Rostock University, Rostock, Germany.
authors.forename: Helga
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Krentz
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery (Chair: Prof. Dr. Dr. Bernhard Frerich), Rostock University, Rostock, Germany.
authors.forename: Jan-Hendrik
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lenz
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery (Chair: Prof. Dr. Dr. Bernhard Frerich), Rostock University, Rostock, Germany. Electronic address: karsten@gundlachclan.de.
authors.forename: Karsten K H
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Gundlach
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000002:abnormalities; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics; D003241:Consanguinity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D010160:Palate, Soft / Q000002:abnormalities; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D015006:Yemen / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Aden-Yemen; Cleft lip and/or palate; Consanguineous marriage; Types of clefts