title: NO/cGMP/PKG signaling pathway induces magnesium release mediated by mitoKATP channel opening in rat hippocampal neurons.
abstract: Intracellular Mg²⁺ concentration ([Mg²⁺]i) and NO regulate cell survival and death. To reveal the involvement of NO in intracellular Mg²⁺ regulation, we visualized intracellular Mg²⁺ using the fluorescent Mg²⁺ indicator KMG-104-AM in rat hippocampal neurons. Pharmacological experiments using SNAP, 8-Br-cGMP, diazoxide and several inhibitors revealed that the NO/cGMP/Protein kinsase G (PKG) signaling pathway triggers an increase in [Mg²⁺]i, and that Mg²⁺ mobilization is due to Mg²⁺ release from mitochondria induced by mitoKATP channel opening. In addition, Mg²⁺ release is potentiated by the positive feedback loop including mitoKATP channel opening, mitochondrial depolarization and PKC activation.
authors.affiliation: Center for Biosciences and Informatics, School of Fundamental Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yamanaka
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shindo
authors.forename: Kohji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hotta
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Kotaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oka
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000737:chemistry; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000737:chemistry*; D017869:Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000737:chemistry*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000166:cytology; D008274:Magnesium / Q000378:metabolism*; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D015221:Potassium Channels; C117780:mitochondrial K(ATP) channel; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D017869:Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D006152:Cyclic GMP; D008274:Magnesium; D002118:Calcium
keywords: Hippocampal neuron; KMG-104; Mg(2+); Mitochondria; PKC; PKG; ROS; [Ca(2+)](i); intracellular calcium concentration; intracellular magnesium ion concentration; mitoK(ATP) channel; mitochondrial ATP sensitive potassium channel; mitochondrial inner membrane potential; protein kinase C; protein kinase G; reactive oxygen species; Δψ(m)