title: Preparation of in situ hardening composite microcarriers: calcium phosphate cement combined with alginate for bone regeneration.
abstract: Novel microcarriers consisting of calcium phosphate cement and alginate were prepared for use as three-dimensional scaffolds for the culture and expansion of cells that are effective for bone tissue engineering. The calcium phosphate cement-alginate composite microcarriers were produced by an emulsification of the composite aqueous solutions mixed at varying ratios (calcium phosphate cement powder/alginate solution = 0.8-1.2) in an oil bath and the subsequent in situ hardening of the compositions during spherodization. Moreover, a porous structure could be easily created in the solid microcarriers by soaking the produced microcarriers in water and a subsequent freeze-drying process. Bone mineral-like apatite nanocrystallites were shown to rapidly develop on the calcium phosphate cement-alginate microcarriers under moist conditions due to the conversion of the α-tricalcium phosphate phase in the calcium phosphate cement into a carbonate-hydroxyapatite. Osteoblastic cells cultured on the microspherical scaffolds were proven to be viable, with an active proliferative potential during 14 days of culture, and their osteogenic differentiation was confirmed by the determination of alkaline phosphatase activity. The in situ hardening calcium phosphate cement-alginate microcarriers developed herein may be used as potential three-dimensional scaffolds for cell delivery and tissue engineering of bone.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Nanobiomedical Science, WCU Research Center, Dankook University, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jung-Hui
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Eun-Jung
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jonathan C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Knowles
authors.forename: Hae-Won
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000464:Alginates / Q000737:chemistry*; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D001843:Bone Cements; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry*; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D001843:Bone Cements; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; C020243:calcium phosphate
keywords: Microcarriers; alginate; bone regeneration; calcium phosphate cements; cell culture