title: The global epidemiology of clonorchiasis and its relation with cholangiocarcinoma.
abstract: This paper reviews the epidemiological status and characteristics of clonorchiasis at global level and the etiological relationship between Clonorchis sinensis infection and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). A conservative estimation was made that 15 million people were infected in the world in 2004, of which over 85% distributed in China. The epidemiology of clonorchiasis is characterized by rising trend in its prevalence, variability among sexes and age, as well as endemicity in different regions. More data indicate that C. sinensis infection is carcinogenic to human, and it is predicted that nearly 5 000 CCA cases attributed to C. sinensis infection may occur annually in the world decades later, with its overall odds ratio of 4.47. Clonorchiasis is becoming one major public health problem in east Asia, and it is worthwhile to carry out further epidemiological studies.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; WHO Collaborative Center for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. ipdzhouxn@sh163.net.
authors.forename: Men-Bao
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: Ying-Dan
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Song
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Guo-Jing
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Xiao-Nong
authors.initials: XN
authors.lastname: Zhou