title: The California schedule of key ingredients for contact-based antistigma programs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A major public health priority has been to eliminate stigma's egregious effects on life opportunities for people with mental illnesses. Research shows contact-based antistigma programs are among the most effective. Such findings call for clarity to define the components of consumer-directed antistigma programs. This article represents community-based participatory research (CBPR) and the first step of a mixed methods design to describe the active ingredients comprising these kinds of programs.
  
  
  METHODS
  CBPR investigators developed an interview guide and subsequently facilitated four focus groups to identify key components. Participants included antistigma experts with lived experience. Using grounded theory, two independent raters identified 641 discrete themes. Two additional coders then sorted themes into constructs representing key ingredients of contact-based programs. Coders agreed upon 198 constructs and then grouped them into a hierarchical model of key ingredients in consumer-directed stigma change.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five criteria represent indicators of successful consumer-directed programs: (a) program design-factors necessary for trained presenters to facilitate programs; (b) targeting-tailored presentation congruent with target's goal; (c) staffing-facilitators and leadership are diverse people with lived experience; (d) messaging-presentation discusses struggles and recovery from mental health challenges; and (e) follow-up and evaluation-assessment of sustained audience change.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study identified key ingredients of consumer-directed antistigma programs. Part two of the mixed methods design, a quantitative cross-validation study, will yield a sound fidelity measure.
authors.affiliation: College of Psychology, Illinois Institute of Technology.
authors.forename: Patrick W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Corrigan
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vega
authors.forename: Jon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Larson
authors.forename: Patrick J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Michaels
authors.forename: Glen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: McClintock
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Krzyzanowski
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gause
authors.forename: Blythe
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Buchholz
mesh_terms: D002140:California; D055812:Community-Based Participatory Research / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D006266:Health Education / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D028642:Persons with Psychiatric Disorders; D010344:Patient Advocacy; D016730:Program Development / Q000379:methods; D036301:Qualitative Research; D063508:Social Discrimination / Q000517:prevention & control*; D057545:Social Stigma; D013240:Stereotyping