title: Dietary intake and body composition in HIV-positive and -negative South African women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present paper examines dietary intake and body composition in antiretroviral (ARV)-naïve HIV-positive compared with HIV-negative South African women, as well as the impact of disease severity on these variables.
  
  
  METHODS
  Baseline data from a longitudinal study assessing bone health in HIV-negative and HIV-positive premenopausal South African women over 18 years of age were used. Anthropometry and body composition, measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, were analysed together with dietary intake data assessed using an interviewer-based quantitative FFQ.
  
  
  METHODS
  Soweto, Johannesburg, South Africa.
  
  
  METHODS
  Black, urban South African women were divided into three groups: (i) HIV-negative (HIV-; n 98); (ii) HIV-positive with preserved CD4 counts (HIV+ non-ARV; n 74); and (iii) HIV-positive with low CD4 counts and due to start ARV treatment (HIV+ pre-ARV; n 75).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of overweight and obesity was high in this population (59 %). The HIV+ pre-ARV group was lighter and had a lower BMI than the other two groups (all P < 0·001). HIV+ pre-ARV women also had lower fat and lean masses and percentage body fat than their HIV- and HIV+ non-ARV counterparts. After adjustment, there were no differences in macronutrient intakes across study groups; however, fat and sugar intakes were high and consumption of predominantly refined food items was common overall.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HIV-associated immunosuppression may be a key determinant of body composition in HIV-positive women. However, in populations with high obesity prevalence, these differences become evident only at advanced stages of infection.
authors.affiliation: 1MRC/Wits,Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit (DPHRU), Faculty of Health Sciences,University of the Witwatersrand Medical School,7 York Road,Parktown 2193,Johannesburg,South Africa.
authors.forename: Stephanie V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Wrottesley
authors.affiliation: 1MRC/Wits,Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit (DPHRU), Faculty of Health Sciences,University of the Witwatersrand Medical School,7 York Road,Parktown 2193,Johannesburg,South Africa.
authors.forename: Lisa K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Micklesfield
authors.affiliation: 1MRC/Wits,Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit (DPHRU), Faculty of Health Sciences,University of the Witwatersrand Medical School,7 York Road,Parktown 2193,Johannesburg,South Africa.
authors.forename: Matthew M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Hamill
authors.affiliation: 2MRC Human Nutrition Research (HNR),Cambridge,UK.
authors.forename: Gail R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Goldberg
authors.affiliation: 2MRC Human Nutrition Research (HNR),Cambridge,UK.
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Prentice
authors.affiliation: 1MRC/Wits,Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit (DPHRU), Faculty of Health Sciences,University of the Witwatersrand Medical School,7 York Road,Parktown 2193,Johannesburg,South Africa.
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Pettifor
authors.affiliation: 1MRC/Wits,Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit (DPHRU), Faculty of Health Sciences,University of the Witwatersrand Medical School,7 York Road,Parktown 2193,Johannesburg,South Africa.
authors.forename: Shane A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Norris
authors.affiliation: 1MRC/Wits,Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit (DPHRU), Faculty of Health Sciences,University of the Witwatersrand Medical School,7 York Road,Parktown 2193,Johannesburg,South Africa.
authors.forename: Alison B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Feeley
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue; D000328:Adult; D044383:Black People; D001823:Body Composition; D001825:Body Fluid Compartments; D015992:Body Mass Index; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D004032:Diet; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019422:Dietary Sucrose / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002149:Energy Intake; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006678:HIV; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D017697:Premenopause; D015995:Prevalence; D013019:South Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D014505:Urban Population; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D019422:Dietary Sucrose