title: Far infrared radiation (FIR): its biological effects and medical applications.
abstract: Far infrared (FIR) radiation (λ = 3-100 μm) is a subdivision of the electromagnetic spectrum that has been investigated for biological effects. The goal of this review is to cover the use of a further sub-division (3- 12 μm) of this waveband, that has been observed in bothin vitroandin vivostudies, to stimulate cells and tissue, and is considered a promising treatment modality for certain medical conditions. Technological advances have provided new techniques for delivering FIR radiation to the human body. Specialty lamps and saunas, delivering pure FIR radiation (eliminating completely the near and mid infrared bands), have became safe, effective, and widely used sources to generate therapeutic effects. Fibers impregnated with FIR emitting ceramic nanoparticles and woven into fabrics, are being used as garments and wraps to generate FIR radiation, and attain health benefits from its effects.
authors.affiliation: Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; and Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Fatma
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vatansever
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Hamblin
keywords: FIR emitting ceramics and fibers; biogenetic rays; blackbody radiation; far infrared radiation; infrared sauna; radiant heat