title: Can long range mechanical interaction between drugs and membrane proteins define the notion of molecular promiscuity? Application to P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance (MDR).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Failure of treatment in over 90% of patients with metastatic cancer is due to acquired MDR. P-glycoprotein (Pgp) remains the archetypal drug membrane transporter expressed in many MDR cancer cells. Albeit the ATPase activity of Pgp is triggered by the presence of drug in the membrane, it is commonly assumed that when two drug molecules meet the same Pgp the protein cannot handle them efficiently due to steric effects and as a result the ATPase activity drops. However it is also possible that drug accumulating in the lipid-phase may affect the membrane in such a way that it imposes the mechanical closure of transporters by opposing the force mediated by ATP consumption. In this context, long range interactions between drug and membrane proteins could exist.
  
  
  METHODS
  Recent data concerning Pgp structure have allowed us to formalize this hypothesis and we present a physico-mathematical model that is not based on predictive QSAR or other empirical methods applied to experimental data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Long range mechanical interactions between Pgp and drugs are predicted to occur at an external concentration of drug ~10-100μM as previously determined experimentally at which concentration ~50% of transporters should be rendered inactive.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Distance interaction(s) between Pgp and drugs exist explaining an ill-defined effect concerning the ability of any drug to inhibit Pgp once a threshold concentration in the membrane has been reached.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Potential application of the theory in the field of pharmacology concentrating on the notion of molecular promiscuity and toxicity in drug discovery prediction is discussed.
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, College Road, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, UK. Electronic address: Cyril.rauch@nottingham.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Cyril
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rauch
authors.forename: Stuart W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Paine
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Littlewood
mesh_terms: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological
chemical_list: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate
keywords: Cancer; Drug toxicity and adverse effect; Membrane mechanical property; Molecular promiscuity; Multidrug resistance; P-glycoprotein