title: An analytical quality solid-state composite reference electrode.
abstract: A new type of all-solid-state reference electrode was designed and characterized. The electrodes are based on a polymer/inorganic salt composite and a silver/silver chloride reference element. A rigorous testing procedure was used to reveal the possible influence of pH, solution composition, as well as the concentration and mobility of ions. The tests demonstrated the insensitivity of the electrodes to the matrix effects, excellent stability of the potential readings, and significantly reduced leakage of inorganic salt. In the performed tests the composite reference electrodes were on a par with or better than the high-quality commercial reference electrodes. The reference electrodes described here are of analytical quality allowing for continuous, prolonged, and intensive usage.
authors.affiliation: Process Chemistry Centre, c/o Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Åbo Akademi University, Biskopsgatan 8, FIN-20500 Åbo-Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Zekra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Mousavi
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Granholm
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sokalski
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lewenstam