title: Prevalence and quantitation of adenovirus DNA from human tonsil and adenoid tissues.
abstract: In this study, real-time PCR was used to quantify adenovirus DNA in cell suspensions prepared from 106 right and left tonsils and 10 adenoids obtained from 57 patients who underwent routine tonsillectomies and/or adenoidectomies. Eighty-four (72.4%) tonsils and adenoids samples were positive for HAdV by real-time PCR. The viral load ranged from 2.8 × 10(2) to 2.6 × 10(6) copies/10(7) cells and varied up to sixfold between the right and left tonsils. In some cases, only one tonsil was positive and the viral load was lower in older children. Seventy-eight of 84 positive samples could be typed by sequencing of the hexon L1 region. Species C (types 1, 2, and 5) were detected in 84.1% of the patients followed by types 3 and 7 of species B (6.8%), HAdV-E4 (6.8%), and HAdV-F41 (2.3%). In one patient adenovirus C2 was found in the left tonsil and adenovirus C5 in the right tonsil. No DNA methylation was detected in either the E1A promoter or the major late promoter region of adenovirus DNA from six tonsils and adenoids samples and two clinical isolates.
authors.affiliation: Virology Unit, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Moustafa Alissa
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Alkhalaf
authors.forename: Malcolm
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guiver
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Cooper
mesh_terms: D000234:Adenoids / Q000821:virology*; D000257:Adenoviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D000260:Adenoviruses, Human / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D000293:Adolescent; D036022:Capsid Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D014066:Palatine Tonsil / Q000821:virology*; D015995:Prevalence; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D036022:Capsid Proteins; D004279:DNA, Viral; C018315:hexon capsid protein, Adenovirus
keywords: adenoids; adenovirus latency; methylation; sequence typing