title: CSF Aβ1-42 combined with neuroimaging biomarkers in the early detection, diagnosis and prediction of Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: The development of validated, qualified, and standardized biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) that allow for an early presymptomatic diagnosis and discrimination (classification) from other types of dementia and neurodegenerative diseases is warranted to accelerate the successful development of novel disease-modifying therapies. Here, we focus on the value of the 42-residue-long amyloid β isoform (Aβ1-42) peptide in the cerebrospinal fluid as the core, feasible neurobiochemical marker for the amyloidogenic mechanisms in early-onset familial and late-onset sporadic AD. We discuss the role and use of Aβ1-42 in combination with evolving neuroimaging biomarkers in AD detection and diagnosis. Multimodal neuroimaging techniques, directly providing structural-functional-metabolic aspects of brain pathophysiology, are supportive to predict and monitor the progression of the disease. Advances in multimodal neuroimaging provide new insights into brain organization and enable the detection of specific proteins and/or protein aggregates associated with AD. The combination of biomarkers from different methodologies is believed to be of incrementally added risk-value to accurately identify asymptomatic and prodromal individuals who will likely progress to dementia and represent rational biomarker candidates for preventive and symptomatic pharmacological intervention trials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Electronic address: slista@libero.it.
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lista
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Molecular Imaging, Interventional Radiology, and Radiotherapy, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," Rome, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Garaci
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ewers
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Rostock, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Teipel
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; University College London Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK.
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zetterberg
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.
authors.forename: Kaj
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Blennow
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hampel
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D059906:Neuroimaging; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D011379:Prognosis
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D015415:Biomarkers; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C075222:amyloid beta-protein (1-42)
keywords: Alzheimer's disease; Asymptomatic; Aβ1-42; Cerebrospinal fluid; Combination of biomarkers; Early detection; Early diagnosis; Imaging biomarkers; Magnetic resonance imaging; Mild cognitive impairment; Neurochemical biomarkers; Positron emission tomography; Preclinical; Prodromal; amyloid β peptides