title: Effect of dietary cadmium on fitness, growth, genotoxicity and accumulation in the Yellow-spotted River Turtle, Podocnemis unifilis.
abstract: The aim of this study was to expose the Yellow-spotted River Turtle, Podocnemis unifilis, to dietary cadmium (Cd) contamination. The P. unifilis were fed with a Cd contaminated diet (590 µgg(-1)) or a control diet for 30 and 60 days. After the Cd feeding period, the locomotor performance and specific growth rate were assessed. Blood samples were drawn for micronuclei analysis and tissues were collected to analyze the Cd concentration. Dietary Cd influenced the fitness of turtles at 30 days (righting time 752s), but not after 60 days (righting time 43.67s). Micronuclei in erythrocytes (12 ± 5‰) were significantly greater in contaminated turtle at 60 days. Cd accumulation is found in gut, intestine, kidney, fat, liver and blood of animals from contaminated diet group and the Cd concentration of almost all the tissues had increased following the 30-60-day feeding period. Cd does not impair animal the fitness after sixty days of dietary treatment, but it does can cause an accumulation on P. unifilis.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Vila Velha, Vila Velha, ES, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Frossard
authors.forename: Paulo D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Maria T W D
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Carneiro
authors.forename: Otávio A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Heringer
authors.forename: Denise C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Endringer
authors.forename: Levy C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Gomes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002104:Cadmium / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D004032:Diet; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D008124:Locomotion / Q000187:drug effects; D048629:Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective / Q000187:drug effects*; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D014426:Turtles / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002104:Cadmium
keywords: Amazon; Blood; Dietary contamination; Turtle