title: Ultrasonographic fetometry and prenatal fetal sex assessment in camels (Camelus dromedarius).
abstract: The aims of this study were to determine the developmental patterns of some fetal parts to achieve a high accuracy level in the assessment of gestational age and to assess the feasibility and accuracy of ultrasonic prenatal fetal sex assessment in camels. Serial ultrasonographic examinations were carried out on seven pregnant dromedary camels. A total of 329 ultrasonographic examinations were conducted between the second and the 54th weeks of pregnancy. Intrauterine fluid accumulation was detected between the second and third weeks of pregnancy. The embryo proper was noticed between the third and fourth weeks. Organization of the embryo was first observed between the sixth and seventh weeks. Ossification was first detected between the seventh and ninth weeks. The accessibility during the total gestational period was 35/329 (10.6%) for crown-rump length, 35/329 (10.6%) for biparietal diameter, 42/329 (12.8%) for abdominal diameter, 42/329 (12.8%) for ruminal length, and 126/329 (38.3%) for eyeball diameter. A high correlation was found between gestational age and each of the studied parameters (P < 0.0001). The highest correlation was found with the crown-rump length and the biparietal diameter during the first trimester and with the eyeball diameter during the third trimester of pregnancy. The overall accuracy of the ultrasonic prenatal fetal sex assessment was 91.7%. The best window was found during the 11th week of pregnancy. It was concluded that sonographic fetometry can be useful for the evaluation of fetal development, the estimation of gestational age, and the prediction of prenatal fetal sex in camels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Buraydah, Qassim, Saudi Arabia. ahmedali77@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: Fhad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Al-Sobayil
authors.forename: Refat
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Derar
authors.forename: Omar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: El-Tookhy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002162:Camelus / Q000196:embryology; D018568:Crown-Rump Length; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D047109:Fetal Development; D005333:Fetus / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D012732:Sex Determination Analysis / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000662:veterinary*
keywords: Camel; Fetal age; Fetometry; Prenatal fetal sex; Ultrasound