title: Endoscopic expanded endonasal approach: preliminary experience with the new 3D endoscope.
abstract: The recent introduction of the 3D endoscope for endonasal surgery has been welcomed because of its promise to overcome the main limitation of endoscopy, namely the lack of stereoscopic vision. This innovation particularly regarded the most complex transnasal surgery of the skull base. We therefore discuss our early experience as ENT surgeons with the use of a purely 3D endoscopic expanded endonasal approach for supradiaphragmatic lesions in 10 consecutive patients. This article will focus on the surgical technique, the complications, the outcome, and more importantly the advantages and limitations of the new device. We believe that the new 3D system shows its main drawback when surgery is conducted in the narrow nasal spaces. Nevertheless, the improved knowledge of the three-dimensional nasal anatomy enabled the ENT surgeon to perform a more selective demolition of the nasal structures even in the anterior part of the nose. The depth perception obtained with the 3D system also permitted a better understanding of the plasticity of the surgical defects, increasing the confidence to perform successful skull base plasties. We believe that, for both the ENT surgeon and the neurosurgeon, the expanded endonasal approach is the main indication for this exciting tool, although larger prospective studies are needed to determine the equality to the 2D HD endoscope in oncological terms.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Department, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Felisati
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lenzi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pipolo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maccari
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Messina
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Revay
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lania
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cardia
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lasio
mesh_terms: D019723:Endoscopes; D004724:Endoscopy; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D059747:Nasal Surgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D009666:Nose; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D019291:Skull Base / Q000601:surgery*
keywords: 3D; Endoscopy; Expanded endonasal approach; Skull base; Three dimensional