title: Image quality improvements in C-Arm CT (CACT) for liver oncology applications: preliminary study in rabbits.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  C-Arm CT (CACT) is a new imaging modality in liver oncology therapy that allows for the acquisition of 3D images intra-procedurally. CACT has been used to enhance intra-arterial therapies for the liver by improving lesion detection, avoiding non-target embolization, and allowing for more selective delivery of agents. However, one of the limitations of this technology is image artifacts created by respiratory motion.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine in this preliminary study improvements in image acquisition, motion compensation, and high resolution 3D reconstruction that can improve CACT image quality (IQ).
  
  
  METHODS
  Three adult male New Zealand white rabbits were used for this study. First, a control rabbit was used to select the best x-ray acquisition imaging protocol and then two rabbits were implanted with liver tumor to further develop 3D image reconstruction and motion compensation algorithms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The best IQ was obtained using the low 80 kVp protocol with motion compensated reconstruction with high resolution and fast acquisition speed (60 fps, 5 s/scan, and 312 images).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IQ improved by: (1) decreasing acquisition time, (2) applying motion-compensated reconstruction, and (3) high resolution 3D reconstruction. The findings of this study can be applied to future animal studies and eventually could be translated into the clinical environment.
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins Hospital, Interventional Radiology , Baltimore, MD , USA.
authors.forename: Vania
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tacher
authors.forename: Nikhil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bhagat
authors.forename: Pramod V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: Mingde
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schäfer
authors.forename: Niels
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Noordhoek
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Eshuis
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Radaelli
authors.forename: Eleni
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Liapi
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grass
authors.forename: Jean-François
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Geschwind
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008114:Liver Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009038:Motion; D011817:Rabbits; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*