title: Interaction of 14-3-3σ with KCMF1 suppresses the proliferation and colony formation of human colon cancer stem cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the biological function of 14-3-3σ protein and to look for proteins that interact with 14-3-3σ protein in colon cancer stem cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was performed to amplify the 14-3-3σ gene from the mRNA of colon cancer stem cells. The gene was then cloned into the pGEM-T vector. After being sequenced, the target gene 14-3-3σ was cut from the pGEM-T vector and cloned into the pGBKT7 yeast expression plasmid. Then, the bait plasmid pGBKT7-14-3-3σ was transformed into the yeast strain AH109. After the expression of the pGBKT7-14-3-3σ fusion protein in the AH109 yeast strain was accomplished, a yeast two-hybrid screening assay was performed by mating AH109 with Y187 that contained a HeLa cDNA library plasmid. The interaction between the 14-3-3σ protein and the proteins obtained from positive colonies was further confirmed by repeating the yeast two-hybrid screen. After extracting and sequencing the plasmids from the positive colonies, we performed a bioinformatics analysis. A coimmunoprecipitation assay was performed to confirm the interaction between 14-3-3σ and the proteins obtained from the positive colonies. Finally, we constructed 14-3-3σ and potassium channel modulatory factor 1 (KCMF1) siRNA expression plasmids and transfected them into colon cancer stem cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The bait plasmid pGBKT7-14-3-3σ was constructed successfully, and the 14-3-3σ protein had no toxic or autonomous activation effect on the yeast. Nineteen true-positive colonies were selected and sequenced, and their full-length sequences were obtained. We searched for homologous DNA sequences for these sequences from GenBank. Among the positive colonies, four coding genes with known functions were obtained, including KCMF1, quinone oxidoreductase (NQO2), hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase (HIBADH) and 14-3-3σ. For the subsequent coimmunoprecipitation assay, the plasmids PCDEF-Flag-14-3-3σ, PCDEF-Myc-KCMF1, PCDEF-Myc-NQO2 and PCDEF-Myc-HIBADH were successfully constructed, and the sequences were further confirmed by DNA sequencing. The Fugene 6 reagent was used to transfect the plasmids, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis showed the transfection efficiency was 97.8% after 48 h. The HEK 293FT cells showed the stable expression of the PCDEF-Flag-14-3-3σ, PCDEF-Myc-KCMF1, PCDEF-Myc-NQO2 and PCDEF-Myc-HIBADH plasmids. After anti-Myc antibody immunoprecipitation with Myc-KCMF1, Myc-NQO2 and Myc-HIBADH from cell lysates, the presence of Flag-14-3-3σ protein in the immunoprecipitated complex was determined by western blot analysis. The knock-down expression of the 14-3-3σ and KCMF1 proteins significantly inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation of SW1116csc.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Genes of the proteins that interacted with 14-3-3σ were successfully screened from a HeLa cDNA library. KCMF1 and 14-3-3σ protein may affect the proliferation and colony formation of human colon cancer stem cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mi
authors.forename: Xiao-Feng
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dong
mesh_terms: D048948:14-3-3 Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D005092:Exonucleases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005095:Exoribonucleases; D050939:Gene Fusion / Q000235:genetics; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000235:genetics; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics; D060066:Protein Interaction Maps / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D048948:14-3-3 Proteins; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018076:DNA, Complementary; C496223:KCMF1 protein, human; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; D005092:Exonucleases; D005095:Exoribonucleases; C413442:SFN protein, human
keywords: 14-3-3σ protein; Colon cancer stem cells; Interacting proteins; Yeast two-hybrid system