title: Immobilization of lead in contaminated firing range soil using biochar.
abstract: Soybean stover-derived biochar was used to immobilize lead (Pb) in military firing range soil at a mass application rate of 0 to 20 wt.% and a curing period of 7 days. The toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment. The mechanism responsible for Pb immobilization in military firing range soil was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) and x-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy analyses. The treatment results showed that TCLP Pb leachability decreased with increasing biochar content. A reduction of over 90 % in Pb leachability was achieved upon treatment with 20 wt.% soybean stover-derived biochar. SEM-EDX, elemental dot mapping and XAFS results in conjunction with TCLP leachability revealed that effective Pb immobilization was probably associated with the pozzolanic reaction products, chloropyromorphite and Pb-phosphate. The results of this study demonstrated that soybean stover-derived biochar was effective in immobilizing Pb in contaminated firing range soil.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju, 501-759, Republic of Korea, dmoon10@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Deok Hyun
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: Jae-Woo
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Yoon-Young
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Yong Sik
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Ok
authors.forename: Sang Soo
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Mahtab
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.forename: Agamemnon
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koutsospyros
authors.forename: Jeong-Hun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Kitae
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Baek
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D002606:Charcoal / Q000737:chemistry*; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000379:methods*; D007700:Kinetics; D007854:Lead / Q000737:chemistry*; D008903:Minerals / Q000737:chemistry; D008956:Models, Chemical; D010710:Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry*; D054041:Weapons
chemical_list: D008903:Minerals; D010710:Phosphates; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; C540010:biochar; C469846:chloropyromorphite; D002606:Charcoal; D007854:Lead