title: South Asians' cardiac medication adherence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper is a report of a narrative review examining the current state of knowledge regarding adherence with cardiac medication among South Asian cardiac patients.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  South Asians experience higher rates of cardiovascular disease than any other ethnic group. South Asians may be less adherent with a cardiac medication regimen than Caucasians. The factors contributing to adherence are important to discover to assist South Asians to optimize their cardiac health.
  
  
  METHODS
  CINAHL, Medline (Ovid), PsychINFO, EMB Reviews-(Cochrane), and EMBASE were accessed using the key words: 'South Asian', 'Asia', 'East India', 'India', 'Pakistan', 'Bangladesh', 'Sri Lanka', 'medication compliance', 'medication noncompliance' and 'medication adherence'. English language papers published from January 1980 to January 2013 were eligible for inclusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Abstracts were reviewed for redundancy and eligibility by the primary author. Manuscripts were then retrieved and reviewed for eligibility and validity by the first and last authors. Content analysis strategies were used for the synthesis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirteen papers were in the final data set; most were conducted in India and Pakistan. Medication side-effects, cost, forgetfulness and higher frequency of dosing contributed to non-adherence. South Asian immigrants also faced language barriers, which contributed to non-adherence. Knowledge regarding the medications prescribed was a factor that increased adherence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  South Asians' non-adherence to cardiac medications is multifaceted. How South Asians who newly immigrate to Western countries make decisions regarding their cardiac medication adherence ought to be explored in greater detail.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, Canada.
authors.forename: Twyla A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Ens
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, Canada.
authors.forename: Cydnee C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Seneviratne
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada.
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, Canada.
authors.forename: Theresa L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Green
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, Canada Department of Community Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada kingk@ucalgary.ca.
authors.forename: Kathryn M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: King-Shier
mesh_terms: D001211:Asia, Western; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003657:Decision Making; D006801:Humans; D055118:Medication Adherence / Q000208:ethnology*; D017010:Reminder Systems; D016903:Drug Monitoring
keywords: Literature review; South Asian; cardiovascular; medication adherence