title: Femoroacetabular impingement in elite ice hockey players.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study is to evaluate the presence of clinical and radiological femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) in elite ice hockey players and compare it to a control group of non-athletes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty participants (20 non-athletes and 20 elite ice hockey athletes) underwent an evaluation of their hip joint, including assessment of range of motion and special provocative impingement tests. Two musculoskeletal radiologists assessed MRIs completed on each participant for radiological findings associated with FAI, including alpha angle, acetabular version angle, acetabular depth, and/or a lateral centre edge angle, and findings of labral and cartilage degeneration. A comparative analysis of the clinical and radiological findings was subsequently completed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant difference in the radiological CAM impingement measured by mean alpha angle between both groups (non-athletes: 43.2 degrees, SD 9.7; and athletes: 54.2 degrees, SD 12 (p = 0.003)). There were no statistically significant differences between the groups upon evaluating PINCER impingement. There were no statistically significant differences in clinical examination findings between both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MRI evidence suggests that CAM impingement is more common in the elite ice hockey athlete in comparison with non-athletes. However, as this is a pilot study examining findings in asymptomatic individuals, there is a need for a longitudinal prospective cohort study. In keeping with this, sufficient, long-term follow-up is required to assess at what point, if any, these subjects with radiological findings become symptomatic.
authors.affiliation: Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, ayenif@mcmaster.ca.
authors.forename: Olufemi R
authors.initials: OR
authors.lastname: Ayeni
authors.forename: Kamal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Banga
authors.forename: Mohit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bhandari
authors.forename: Zeev
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Maizlin
authors.forename: Darren
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: de Sa
authors.forename: Dmitry
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Golev
authors.forename: Srinivasan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Harish
authors.forename: Forough
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Farrokhyar
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D057925:Femoracetabular Impingement / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006688:Hockey / Q000293:injuries*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult