title: Five markers useful for the distinction of canine mammary malignancy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Spontaneous canine mammary tumors constitute a serious clinical problem. There are significant differences in survival between cases with different tumor grades. Unfortunately, the distinction between various grades is not clear. A major problem in evaluating canine mammary cancer is identifying those, that are "truly" malignant. That is why the aim of our study was to find the new markers of canine malignancy, which could help to diagnose the most malignant tumors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analysis of gene expression profiles of canine mammary carcinoma of various grade of malignancy followed by the boosted tree analysis distinguished a `gene set`. The expression of this gene set (sehrl, zfp37, mipep, relaxin, and magi3) differs significantly in the most malignant tumors at mRNA level as well as at protein level. Despite this `gene set` is very interesting as an additional tool to estimate canine mammary malignancy, it should be validated using higher number of samples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The proposed gene set can constitute a `malignancy marker` that could help to distinguish the most malignant canine mammary carcinomas. These genes are also interesting as targets for further investigations and therapy. So far, only two of them were linked with the cancer development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - WULS, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Karol M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Pawłowski
authors.forename: Henryk
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Maciejewski
authors.forename: Kinga
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Majchrzak
authors.forename: Izabella
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dolka
authors.forename: Jan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Mol
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Motyl
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Król
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D051741:Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D015674:Mammary Neoplasms, Animal / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012065:Relaxin / Q000378:metabolism; D059467:Transcriptome
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D051741:Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D012065:Relaxin; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases