title: Effect of antiretroviral therapy on HIV reservoirs in elite controllers.
abstract: Elite controllers suppress human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) viremia to below the limit of detection in the absence of antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, precise frequencies of CD4(+) T cells carrying replication-competent HIV and/or the dynamics of the infectious viral reservoirs in response to initiation and discontinuation of ART in elite controllers are unknown. We show that the size of the pool of CD4(+) T cells harboring infectious HIV diminished significantly after initiation of ART and rebounded to baseline upon cessation of therapy. Our data provide compelling evidence that persistent viral replication occurs in untreated elite controllers even in the absence of detectable plasma viremia.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: Tae-Wook
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Chun
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shawn Justement
authors.forename: Danielle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: Connie J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Blazkova
authors.forename: Claire W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Hallahan
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Benko
authors.forename: Cecilia T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Costiniuk
authors.forename: Gabor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kandel
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ostrowski
authors.forename: Rupert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kaul
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moir
authors.forename: Joseph P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Casazza
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Koup
authors.forename: Colin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kovacs
authors.forename: Anthony S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Fauci
mesh_terms: D000225:Adenine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D058070:Asymptomatic Diseases; D016516:CD4-CD8 Ratio; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000821:virology; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D000068679:Emtricitabine; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D063065:Organophosphonates / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011760:Pyrrolidinones / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000068898:Raltegravir Potassium; D000068698:Tenofovir; D014766:Viremia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D004279:DNA, Viral; D063065:Organophosphonates; D011760:Pyrrolidinones; D003841:Deoxycytidine; D000068898:Raltegravir Potassium; D000068698:Tenofovir; D000068679:Emtricitabine; D000225:Adenine
keywords: antiretroviral therapy; elite controllers; human immunodeficiency virus; viral reservoirs