title: First Transcriptome and Digital Gene Expression Analysis in Neuroptera with an Emphasis on Chemoreception Genes in Chrysopa pallens (Rambur).
abstract: Chrysopa pallens (Rambur) are the most important natural enemies and predators of various agricultural pests. Understanding the sophisticated olfactory system in insect antennae is crucial for studying the physiological bases of olfaction and also could lead to effective applications of C. pallens in integrated pest management. However no transcriptome information is available for Neuroptera, and sequence data for C. pallens are scarce, so obtaining more sequence data is a priority for researchers on this species.
  
  
  
  To facilitate identifying sets of genes involved in olfaction, a normalized transcriptome of C. pallens was sequenced. A total of 104,603 contigs were obtained and assembled into 10,662 clusters and 39,734 singletons; 20,524 were annotated based on BLASTX analyses. A large number of candidate chemosensory genes were identified, including 14 odorant-binding proteins (OBPs), 22 chemosensory proteins (CSPs), 16 ionotropic receptors, 14 odorant receptors, and genes potentially involved in olfactory modulation. To better understand the OBPs, CSPs and cytochrome P450s, phylogenetic trees were constructed. In addition, 10 digital gene expression libraries of different tissues were constructed and gene expression profiles were compared among different tissues in males and females.
  
  
  
  Our results provide a basis for exploring the mechanisms of chemoreception in C. pallens, as well as other insects. The evolutionary analyses in our study provide new insights into the differentiation and evolution of insect OBPs and CSPs. Our study provided large-scale sequence information for further studies in C. pallens.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, China ; Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Zhao-Qun
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Shuai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Jun-Yu
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Chun-Yi
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Li-Min
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.forename: Shuang-Lin
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Jin-Jie
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Cui
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007313:Insecta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D010802:Phylogeny; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018035:Receptors, Odorant / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012903:Smell / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D059467:Transcriptome
chemical_list: D019476:Insect Proteins; D018035:Receptors, Odorant; C045648:odorant-binding protein