title: Serum leptin and loss of control eating in children and adolescents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Both insufficiency and resistance to the actions of the adipocyte-derived hormone leptin promote hunger, increased food intake and greater body weight. Some studies suggest that adults reporting binge eating have increased serum leptin compared with those without binge eating, even after adjusting for the greater adiposity that characterizes binge eaters. Pediatric binge or loss of control (LOC) eating are prospective risk factors for excessive weight gain and may predict development of metabolic abnormalities, but whether LOC eating is associated with higher leptin among children is unknown. We therefore examined leptin and LOC eating in a pediatric cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  A convenience sample of 506 lean and obese youth (7-18 years) was recruited from Washington, DC and its suburbs. Serum leptin was collected after an overnight fast. Adiposity was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry or air displacement plethysmography. LOC eating was assessed by interview methodology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Leptin was strongly associated with fat mass (r=0.79, P<0.001). However, even after adjusting for adiposity and other relevant covariates, youth with LOC eating had higher serum leptin compared with those without LOC episodes (15.42±1.05 vs 12.36±1.04 ng ml(-1), P<0.001). Neither reported amount of food consumed during a recent LOC episode nor number of LOC episodes in the previous month accounted for differences in leptin (P>0.05). The relationship between LOC eating and leptin appeared to be significant for females only (P=0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reports of LOC eating were associated with higher fasting leptin in youth, beyond the contributions of body weight. Prospective studies are required to elucidate whether LOC eating promotes greater leptin or whether greater leptin resistance may promote LOC eating.
authors.affiliation: 1] Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), DHHS, Hatfield Clinical Research Center, Bethesda, MD, USA [2] Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.affiliation: 1] Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), DHHS, Hatfield Clinical Research Center, Bethesda, MD, USA [2] Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanofsky-Kraff
authors.affiliation: 1] Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), DHHS, Hatfield Clinical Research Center, Bethesda, MD, USA [2] Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Shomaker
authors.affiliation: 1] Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), DHHS, Hatfield Clinical Research Center, Bethesda, MD, USA [2] Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Field
authors.affiliation: 1] Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), DHHS, Hatfield Clinical Research Center, Bethesda, MD, USA [2] Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hannallah
authors.affiliation: Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), DHHS, Hatfield Clinical Research Center, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Reina
authors.affiliation: Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), DHHS, Hatfield Clinical Research Center, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mooreville
authors.affiliation: Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), DHHS, Hatfield Clinical Research Center, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sedaka
authors.affiliation: Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), DHHS, Hatfield Clinical Research Center, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Brady
authors.affiliation: Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), DHHS, Hatfield Clinical Research Center, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Condarco
authors.affiliation: Nuclear Medicine Department, Hatfield Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.affiliation: 1] Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), DHHS, Hatfield Clinical Research Center, Bethesda, MD, USA [2] Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: S Z
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Yanovski
authors.affiliation: Section on Growth and Obesity, Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), DHHS, Hatfield Clinical Research Center, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Yanovski
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D000339:Affect; D002032:Bulimia; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004219:District of Columbia; D002149:Energy Intake; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006815:Hunger; D007389:Internal-External Control; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012494:Sampling Studies; D012527:Satiation; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: D020738:Leptin