title: Inhibitory effect of Nymphaea pubescens Willd. flower extract on carrageenan-induced inflammation and CCl₄-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.
abstract: Nymphaea pubescens Willd. is used as ingredient of ethnic diet and folk medicine in South-East Asia. The water (NPW), methanol (NPM) and chloroform (NPC) extracts of N. pubescens flowers were investigated for NO·, O₂·⁻ and DPPH radical scavenging and iron chelating activities in vitro. NPW was found to be the most potent free radical scavenger (EC₅₀<100 μg/mL) whereas NPC did not show EC₅₀ at 500 μg/mL. Therefore, NPW was selected for further studies on anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities, using standard in vitro and in vivo models. NPW exhibited inhibition of nitrogen radical generation in LPS-activated macrophages (IC₅₀=75.5 μg/mL) through suppression of iNOS protein, with no associated toxicity in the cells. Further, 500 mg/kg of NPW reduced rat paw edema by ~50% after 6h of carrageenan administration. Hepatoprotective activity of NPW was also evaluated in vivo on CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity model in rats. NPW treatment (500 mg/kg/day for ten days) attenuated CCl4-induced increase in serum enzymes, viz. alanine and aspartate aminotransferases (ALT and AST) and bilirubin. Also, glutathione and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-levels were restored towards normalcy in the liver of CCl4-treated rats, indicating the hepatoprotective role of NPW, which was found to contain a fair amount of flavonoids, phenolics, and saponin constituents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: Sukalyani
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Debnath
authors.forename: Subhalakshmi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghosh
authors.forename: Banasri
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hazra
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002252:Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002614:Chelating Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000032:analysis; D004487:Edema / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D020834:Ethnopharmacology; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D035264:Flowers / Q000737:chemistry*; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007194:India; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D030721:Nymphaea / Q000737:chemistry*; D010636:Phenols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D012503:Saponins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D040521:Subcutaneous Tissue / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D002614:Chelating Agents; D005419:Flavonoids; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012503:Saponins
keywords: Anti-inflammatory; CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity; Carrageenan-induced paw edema; Free radical scavenger; Nymphaea pubescens; iNOS