title: Histological effects of inhaled corticosteroids and ß2-agonists on laryngeal mucosa in an allergic rat model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To constitute an animal model of laryngeal allergy and evaluate the laryngeal effects of inhaled corticosteroids and ß2-agonists on the laryngeal mucosa in an allergic rat model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective randomized.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Experimental Medical Research Institute (DETAE) at Istanbul University.
  
  
  METHODS
  Wistar Albino rats (n = 32) were sensitized with ovalbumin. Unsensitized rats (n = 8) served as controls. The rats were exposed to aerosolized ovalbumin (1%). On days 28 through 42, every 2 days preceeding ovalbumin exposure, rats were further exposed to aerosolized phosphate buffered saline (n = 8), fluticasone propionate (n = 8), salbutamol (n = 8), and combined salbutamol+fluticasone propionate (n = 8). Inflammatory cell infiltration was graded semi-quantitatively. The quantitative data included mast cell count and degranulation. Ultrathin sections were investigated under transmission electron microscope.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The simultaneous and pairwise comparison of groups (Kruskal-Wallis) revealed statistically significant difference among groups at supraglottic level (critical P < .05, <.01) and no difference at glottic level. In ovalbumin+phosphate buffered saline exposed rats, the light microscopy of supraglottic mucosa revealed regular epithelium with severe inflammatory cell infiltration and increased mast cell count. Electron microscopy revealed increased mast cell degranulation. Increased inflammatory cell infiltration was detected along with reduced mast cell count among fluticasone propionate treated rats. Mild inflammatory cell infiltration was encountered in combined salbutamol+fluticasone propionate treated rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study supported the presence of localized allergic reaction in the supraglottic laryngeal mucosa through the observation of increased mast cell number and degranulation. It was also shown that inhaled corticosteroids increase inflammation whereas combined inhaled corticosteroids and ß2-agonists minimize allergic and inflammatory reactions in supraglottic laryngeal mucosa providing a safer therapeutic option.
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. meltemakpinar@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Meltem Esen
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Akpinar
authors.forename: Nihal Seden
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Tekke
authors.forename: Ozgur
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yigit
authors.forename: Feriha
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ercan
authors.forename: Yusuf
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Durna
authors.forename: Demir
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kiran
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000420:Albuterol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000730:Androstadienes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D000068298:Fluticasone; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D007820:Laryngeal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000276:immunology; D010047:Ovalbumin; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000730:Androstadienes; D010047:Ovalbumin; D000068298:Fluticasone; D000420:Albuterol
keywords: degranulation; inflammation; inhaled corticosteroids; laryngeal allergy; laryngeal mucosa; mast cells; ß2-agonists