title: The relationship of cytotoxic and genotoxic damage with blood aluminum levels and oxidative stress induced by this metal in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) erythrocytes.
abstract: Aluminum is one of the most abundant elements in nature and is used in diverse industrial processes. As a result, it contaminates aquatic ecosystems, inducing damage on associated biota. In fish, it has been observed to induce hypoxia, hypercapnia, metabolic acidosis and respiratory arrest. Although there is little information on Al-induced cytotoxicity and DNA damage, this type of studies are essential in order to identify the mechanisms of action of this metal. The cytotoxic and genotoxic effects induced by Al on common carp (Cyprinus carpio) erythrocytes were determined in specimens exposed to 0.05, 120 and 239mgAlL(-1) in static exposure systems. Blood samples were taken at 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96h, erythrocytes were separated, and the following were evaluated: frequency of micronuclei and frequency of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells, blood Al levels, lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl content, and activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase. The results show that tested aluminum concentrations produces oxidative stress (increase in lipid peroxidation degree and oxidized proteins content, as well as decrease in antioxidant enzymes activity) and induced higher frequencies of micronuclei and TUNEL-positive cells, so this metal can be considered as a cytotoxic and genotoxic agent for erythrocytes of common carp.
authors.affiliation: Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Facultad de Química, Departamento de Farmacia, Paseo Tollocan esq. Paseo Colón, 50100 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico. sagarciam@ipn.mx
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: García-Medina
authors.forename: Judith Angélica
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Núñez-Betancourt
authors.forename: Alba
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lucero García-Medina
authors.forename: Marcela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Galar-Martínez
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Neri-Cruz
authors.forename: Hariz
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Islas-Flores
authors.forename: Leobardo Manuel
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Gómez-Oliván
mesh_terms: D000535:Aluminum / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D002347:Carps / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects*; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D050050:Protein Carbonylation / Q000187:drug effects; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D000535:Aluminum; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase
keywords: Aluminum; CAA; CAT; Cyprinus carpio; Erythrocyte; GPx; LPX; MEC; MNT; MNi; MPL; Micronucleus; Oxidative stress; PCC; PI; ROS; SOD; TUNEL; canonical correlation analysis; catalase; glutathione peroxidase; lipid peroxidation; maximum permissible level; micronuclei; micronucleus test; molar extinction coefficient; propidium iodide; protein carbonyl content; reactive oxygen species; superoxide dismutase; terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling