title: Handheld Fluorometers for Lab-on-a-Chip Applications.
abstract: We describe the design, fabrication, and performance of a class of simple handheld fluorometers. The devices consist of a sensor along with an integrated optical filter packaged in a handheld format. The sensor is a differential active pixel sensor with in-pixel correlated double sampling fabricated in a 0.5-mu m 2-poly 3-metal complementary metal-oxide semiconductor process and has a readout noise of 175.3 muV, reset noise of 360 muV, dynamic range of 59 dB, and conversion gain of 530 nV/e(-) . The filter is a high rejection chromophore embedded in a polymer film which is cast onto the chip. We show the results of bioassays utilizing two different single color fluorometers constructed by using the chromophores 2-(2'-hydroxy 5'-methylphenyl) benzotriazole and Sudan II with long-pass wavelengths of 400 nm and 540 nm, respectively. The bioassays measures metabolic activity and viability of biological cells, which are useful for cytotoxicity and pathogen detection applications.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sander
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dandin
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Prakash
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sarje
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Abshire