title: Efficacy of tooth whitening with different calcium phosphate-based formulations.
abstract: The aim of this in-vitro study was to evaluate the efficacy of tooth whitening using different calcium phosphate-based formulations. Teeth were treated with three different hydroxyapatite preparations at different concentrations and with two control preparations; each tooth was treated a total of three times. After application of the last material, hydrodynamic shear force was applied to mimic mechanical loading. After each treatment, tooth color was measured using a dental spectrophotometer, and the mean changes in L*a*b* values between different measurements were expressed as ∆E. The results indicated significant differences between the materials, but neither dose- nor time-dependent associations were found. The suspension containing tricalcium phosphate (10 wt%) showed the most obvious color change (∆E = 2.20 ± 0.90), while the suspension containing zinc-carbonate-apatite (20 wt%) showed the least obvious color change (∆E = 0.91 ± 0.50). Calcium phosphate-based formulations that can adhere to the enamel surface and contribute to tooth whitening have promising tooth-whitening potential.
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Xiaohui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Guangyun
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Karl-Heinz
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Kunzelmann
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003116:Color; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000737:chemistry*; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry*; D004955:Esthetics, Dental; D006801:Humans; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D013053:Spectrophotometry; D013997:Time Factors; D014073:Tooth Bleaching / Q000379:methods*; D014100:Toothpastes / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014100:Toothpastes; D017886:Durapatite
keywords: calcium phosphate; esthetics; hydroxyapatite; tooth whitening