title: Association of bacteria with marine invertebrates: implications for ballast water management.
abstract: Bacteria associated with plankton are of importance in marine bioinvasions and the implementation of ship's ballast water treatment technologies. In this study, epibiotic and endobiotic bacteria associated with zooplankton, including barnacle nauplii, veliger larvae, and adults of the copepod Oithona sp., were characterized and quantified. Barnacle nauplius and veliger larva harbored ~4.4 × 10(5)cells ind(-1) whereas Oithona sp. had 8.8 × 10(5)cells ind(-1). Computation of bacterial contribution based on biovolume indicated that despite being the smallest zooplankton tested, veliger larvae harbored the highest number of bacteria, while barnacle nauplii, the largest of the zooplankton, tested in terms of volume contributed the least. Pulverization of zooplankton led to an increase in bacterial numbers; for example, Vibrio cholerae, which was initially 3.5 × 10(3), increased to 5.4 × 10(5)CFU g(-1); Escherichia coli increased from 5.0 × 10(2) to 1.3 × 10(4)CFU g(-1); and Streptococcus faecalis increased from 2.1 × 10(2) to 2.5 × 10(5)CFU g(-1), respectively. Pulverized zooplankton was aged in the dark to assess the contribution of bacteria from decaying debris. Aging of pulverized zooplankton led to emergence of Chromobacterium violaceum, which is an opportunistic pathogen in animals and humans.
authors.affiliation: CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, 403 004, Goa, India.
authors.forename: Lidita
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Khandeparker
authors.forename: Arga Chandrashekar
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Anil
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D058491:Bacterial Load; D002861:Chromobacterium; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis; D004926:Escherichia coli; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D007448:Invertebrates / Q000382:microbiology*; D012623:Seawater / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000469:parasitology; D012767:Ships; D001468:Thoracica / Q000382:microbiology*; D014734:Vibrio cholerae; D014871:Water Microbiology; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*; D015048:Zooplankton / Q000382:microbiology*