title: HIV Infection in gastric epithelial cells.
abstract: Many chronic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients suffer from gastric complaints, including gastric tuberculosis and coinfection of other pathogens. Recent work has demonstrated that a variety of nonimmune cells can act as viral reservoirs, even at the early stage of HIV infection. In this study, we detect HIV viral particles, proteins, and nucleic acids in gastric epithelial cells using clinical samples. These observations are further supported by a simian immunodeficiency virus-infected macaque model. Further, the number of HIV-infected gastric epithelial cells is positively associated with blood viral load, and is negatively correlated with CD4 lymphocyte cell counts. We also demonstrate that HIV infection is accompanied by severe inflammatory response in gastric mucosa. Additionally, HIV infection activates signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and RelA, and enhances the production of interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor α in gastric epithelial cells. The present data suggest that the gastric epithelial cells are natural targets of HIV infection, and HIV infection in epithelial cells contributes to HIV-induced gastric mucosal inflammation.
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Jingyi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xianzhi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Haiyuan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yunlong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.forename: Kui
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Yongtang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Fusheng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Edouard C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Nice
authors.forename: Lijun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rong
authors.forename: Canhua
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Yuquan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wei
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000737:chemistry / Q000821:virology*; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000737:chemistry / Q000821:virology*; D006678:HIV / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D006651:Histocytochemistry; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D019562:Viral Load
keywords: AIDS; HIV; epithelial cells; gastric mucosa