title: The relationship between lower urinary tract symptoms/benign prostatic hyperplasia and the number of components of metabolic syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relationship between lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS)/benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and a number of components of metabolic syndrome (MetS).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1224 male police officers aged 50-59 years who had participated in a health examination were included. LUTS/BPH were assessed by prostate-specific antigen, international prostate symptom score (IPSS), total prostate volume (TPV), maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax), and postvoid residual (PVR) urine volume. Testosterone levels were also examined. MetS was defined using National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines. The subjects were classified into 4 groups according to the number of exhibited MetS components (0, 1-2, 3, and 4-5). We used the Mantel-Haenszel extension test and logistic regression analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MetS was diagnosed in 29.0% of the patients. The BPH ratio (IPSS >7, TPV ≥30 mL, and/or Qmax <15 mL/sec), TPV ≥30 mL, and PVR ≥50 mL significantly increased with an increasing number of metabolic abnormalities. The odds ratio (OR) in relation to a TPV ≥30 mL and a PVR ≥50 mL significantly rose as the number of positive MetS components increased after adjusting for age and testosterone. Additionally, the ORs (adjusting for age and testosterone) in relation to BPH also increased as the number of positive MetS components increased, with a suggestive threshold effect associated with 4-5 positive components (BPH: IPSS >7 + TPV ≥30 mL; 4 and 5 components, 3.496, 1.805-6.769, P = .001; BPH: IPSS >7 + TPV ≥30 mL + Qmax <15 mL/sec; 4 and 5 components, 5.458, 1.777-16.764, P = .002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to our results, the cases of LUTS/BPH were positively associated with the number of MetS components.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, National Police Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yeon Won
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Sung Bin
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Hee Cheol
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Kyunghee
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Kung In
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Yung Jung
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jun Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose; D001794:Blood Pressure; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009929:Organ Size; D011467:Prostate / Q000473:pathology*; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D053448:Prostatism / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014556:Urine; D014563:Urodynamics
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D014280:Triglycerides; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen