title: Comparison of three lifecourse models of poverty in predicting cardiovascular disease risk in youth.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Childhood poverty heightens the risk of adulthood cardiovascular disease (CVD), but the underlying pathways are poorly understood. Three lifecourse models have been proposed but have never been tested among youth. We assessed the longitudinal association of childhood poverty with CVD risk factors in 10-year-old youth according to the timing, accumulation, and mobility models.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Québec Longitudinal Study of Child Development birth cohort was established in 1998 (n = 2120). Poverty was defined as annual income below the low-income thresholds defined by Statistics Canada. Multiple imputation was used for missing data. Multivariable linear regression models adjusted for gender, pubertal stage, parental education, maternal age, whether the household was a single parent household, whether the child was overweight or obese, the child's physical activity in the past week, and family history.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Approximately 40% experienced poverty at least once, 16% throughout childhood, and 25% intermittently. Poverty was associated with significantly elevated triglycerides and insulin according to the timing and accumulation models, although the timing model was superior for predicting insulin and the accumulation model was superior for predicting triglycerides.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early and prolonged exposure to poverty significantly increases CVD risk among 10-year-old youth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada. lisa.kakinami@mcgill.ca
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kakinami
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Séguin
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lambert
authors.forename: Lise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gauvin
authors.forename: Béatrice
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nikiema
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Paradis
mesh_terms: D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011203:Poverty; D011792:Quebec; D018570:Risk Assessment
keywords: Cardiovascular disease risk; Lifecourse models; Longitudinal; Low income; Youth