title: Whole body vibration induces forepaw and hind paw behavioral sensitivity in the rat.
abstract: Whole body vibration (WBV) has been linked to neck and back pain, but the biomechanical and physiological mechanisms responsible for its development and maintenance are unknown. A rodent model of WBV was developed in which rats were exposed to different WBV paradigms, either daily for 7 consecutive days (repeated WBV) or two single exposures at Day 0 and 7 (intermittent WBV). Each WBV session lasted for 30 min and was imposed at a frequency of 15 Hz and RMS platform acceleration of 0.56 ± 0.07 g. Changes in the withdrawal response of the forepaw and hind paw were measured, and were used to characterize the onset and maintenance of behavioral sensitivity. Accelerations and displacements of the rat and deformations in the cervical and lumbar spines were measured during WBV to provide mechanical context for the exposures. A decrease in withdrawal threshold was induced at 1 day after the first exposure in both the hind paw and forepaw. Repeated WBV exhibited a sustained reduction in withdrawal threshold in both paws and intermittent WBV induced a sustained response only in the forepaw. Cervical deformations were significantly elevated which may explain the more robust forepaw response. Findings suggest that a WBV exposure leads to behavioral sensitivity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, 240 Skirkanich Hall, 210 S. 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6321.
authors.forename: Hassam A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Baig
authors.forename: Benjamin B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Guarino
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lipschutz
authors.forename: Beth A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Winkelstein
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D019245:Compressive Strength; D005552:Forelimb / Q000502:physiology; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology*; D051381:Rats; D013131:Spine / Q000502:physiology; D014732:Vibration / Q000009:adverse effects*
keywords: injury; pain; spine; whole body vibration