title: [Extravasation of radiopharmaceuticals: preventive measures and management recommended by SoFRa (Société Française de Radiopharmacie)].
abstract: Radiopharmaceuticals extravasation is rare but may have serious clinical issues. Because no specific recommendations are being proposed to date, the goals of our working group created within the French Society of Radiopharmacy are to determine preventive measures and to establish a pragmatic management of extravasation of these drugs. Our preventive measures are to recognize the symptoms (erythema, venous discoloration, swelling), to know the risk factors (which are related to radiopharmaceutical, patient, site of injection, injection technique) and severity (from erythema to skin necrosis, depending on the radionuclide) and how to avoid them (training and awareness of staff, choice of injection site, route of drug administration test, use of a catheter for administration of therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals). Management should be immediate. It can be facilitated by a specific emergency kit. General measures recommended are the immediate cessation of injection, aspiration of fluid extravasation, delimitation of the extravasated area with an indelible pen, informing the doctor. Specific measures taking into account the radiotoxicity of the radionuclide and the type of radiopharmaceutical were also established. The patient should be informed by the doctor about the risks and how to take care of. Traceability of the incident must be ensured. A multidisciplinary reflexion is essential to manage the extravasation as early and effectively as possible.
authors.affiliation: Unité radiopharmacie, service de pharmacie, CHU Saint-Louis, AP-HP, 1, avenue Claude-Vellefaux, 75475 Paris cedex 10, France.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Barré
authors.forename: M-L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bruel
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fournel
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hosten
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lao
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vercellino
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rizzo-Padoin
mesh_terms: D005119:Extravasation of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Materials / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D012306:Risk
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals
keywords: Adverse drug event; Brûlures radiologiques; Effets indésirables; Extravasation; Guidelines; Management; Médicament radiopharmaceutique; Prise en charge; Radiopharmaceutical; Recommandations; Skin radiation injury