title: Establishing the 3-D finite element solid model of femurs in partial by volume rendering.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It remains rare to report three-dimensional (3-D) finite element solid model of femurs in partial by volume rendering method, though several methods of femoral 3-D finite element modeling are already available. We aim to analyze the advantages of the modeling method by establishing the 3-D finite element solid model of femurs in partial by volume rendering.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 3-D finite element model of the normal human femurs, made up of three anatomic structures: cortical bone, cancellous bone and pulp cavity, was constructed followed by pretreatment of the CT original image. Moreover, the finite-element analysis was carried on different material properties, three types of materials given for cortical bone, six assigned for cancellous bone, and single for pulp cavity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The established 3-D finite element of femurs contains three anatomical structures: cortical bone, cancellous bone, and pulp cavity. The compressive stress primarily concentrated in the medial surfaces of femur, especially in the calcar femorale.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with whole modeling by volume rendering method, the 3-D finite element solid model created in partial is more real and fit for finite element analysis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopeadics, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, No. 966 Huaihai Middle Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200031, China.
authors.forename: Yinwang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Wuxue
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.forename: Haibo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Lingjun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Jianmin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005269:Femur / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D036542:Tomography, Spiral Computed
keywords: Femurs; Finite element; Partial modeling; Volume rendering