title: Nutritional assessment in neonatal and prepubertal children with a history of extrauterine growth restriction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nutritional deficit during perinatal stage may induce significant alterations in adipose tissue and increase the risk of obesity, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease in children with a history of extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe the nutritional status in neonatal and prepubertal with a history of EUGR and establish an association between EUGR and later conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Descriptive, analytical, observational case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included a sample of 38 prepubertal children with a history of EUGR, and 123 gender-and-age matched controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  The EUGR group was asked to answer a food frequency questionnaire. Analysis of body composition in both groups included anthropometric measurements, assessment of blood pressure and biochemical markers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Newborns with EUGR received parenteral feeding with a standard nutritional regime and long-chain fatty acid support for 41 ± 23 days; enteral feeding with a special formula for premature infants was initiated at 7 ± 11 days of life. At the prepubertal stage, daily fiber and fatty acid intake in children who had experienced EUGR in the neonatal stage was below the recommended intake. In the EUGR group, the intake of vegetables, fruits and olive oil was below dietary recommendations, while the intake of butchery, fatty meats, pastries and snacks was above the recommendations for the Spanish population.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Appropriate nutrition education strategies should be developed for children with a history of EUGR to prevent later associated pathologies, as neonatal nutritional support and feeding during childhood are associated with an increase in diseases in this risk group.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Metabolism and Pediatric Investigation, Department of Pediatrics, University Reina Sofia Hospital, Avda Menéndez Pidal s/n., 14004 Córdoba, Spain.
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ortiz-Espejo
authors.forename: Juan Luís
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Pérez-Navero
authors.forename: María Carmen
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Muñoz-Villanueva
authors.forename: Gil-Campos
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Mercedes
mesh_terms: D049628:Body Size; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002657:Child Development; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006130:Growth Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000150:complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D009752:Nutritional Status; D010288:Parenteral Nutrition; D064167:Recommended Dietary Allowances
keywords: Extrauterine growth retardation; Nutrition; Nutritional support; Programming