title: Toxicokinetic aspects of thiocyanate after oral exposure to cyanide in female Wistar rats in different physiological states.
abstract: Cyanide (CN) is an ion that has been well studied in toxicology and has been associated with several intoxication episodes: the ingestion of contaminated foods and water, chemical war, suicides, homicides, occupational exposures and the use of certain medicines. The aim of the present study was to determine the toxicokinetic parameters of thiocyante (SCN), the main metabolite of CN, after oral administration of potassium cyanide (KCN) to female rats at diestrus, gestational and lactational periods. Female Wistar rats were divided into three equal groups: virgins in the diestrus phase of the estrus cycle, females at the 14th day of gestation and females at the 14th day of lactation. Each group of rats received 3.0 mg of potassium cyanide per kilogram (KCN/kg body weight) by gavage, and blood was collected at several time points. We also collected amniotic fluid from pregnant rats and milk from the nursing rats to analyze thiocyanate concentration. The results showed that SCN levels were significantly increased in serum, milk and amniotic fluid after administration of KCN. In conclusion, the results of the present study evidence that the metabolism of CN varies greatly considering the physiologic state of the female rat, being females at estrus probably more exposed by these substances than at gestation and lactation because in these states there are other compartments, fetus and milk, which may capture these substances, as demonstrated by the V(d) values.
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Veterinary Toxicology (CEPTOX), Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil.
authors.forename: Altamir Benedito
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: de Sousa
authors.forename: Silvana Lima
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Górniak
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D004031:Diestrus / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D007774:Lactation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry; D011190:Potassium Cyanide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013861:Thiocyanates / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000633:toxicity*; D018675:Toxicity Tests
chemical_list: D013861:Thiocyanates; D011190:Potassium Cyanide; C031760:thiocyanate