title: Kinetic factors of vertical jumping for heading a ball in flexible flatfooted amateur soccer players with and without insole adoption.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  According to literature, little is known regarding the effects of orthotic management of flatfoot on kinetics of vertical jump.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the kinetic and temporal events of two-legged vertical jumping take-off from a force plate for heading a ball in normal and flexible flatfoot subjects with and without insole.
  
  
  METHODS
  A functional based interventional controlled study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Random sampling method was employed to draw a control group of 15 normal foot subjects to a group of 15 flatfoot subjects. A force platform was used to record kinetics of two-legged vertical jump shots.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results indicate that insole did not lead to a significant effect on kinetics regarding anterior-posterior and mediolateral directions (p > 0.05). Results of kinetics related to vertical direction for maximum force due to take-off and stance duration revealed significant differences between the normal and flexible flatfoot subjects without insole (p < 0.05) and no significant differences between the normal foot and flexible flatfoot subjects with insole adoption (p > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that the use of an insole in the flexible flatfoot subjects led to improved stance time and decrease of magnitude of kinetics regarding vertical direction at take-off as the main feature of two-legged vertical jumping function.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adoption of the insole improved the design of the shoe-foot interface support for the flexible flatfoot athletes, enabling them to develop more effective take-off kinetics for vertical jumping in terms of ground reaction force and stance duration similar to that of normal foot subjects without insole.
authors.affiliation: Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Physical Therapy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali Asghar
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Arastoo
authors.affiliation: Tabriz Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Esmaeil Moharrami
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Aghdam
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
authors.forename: Abdoul Hamid
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Habibi
authors.affiliation: Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Physical Therapy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran drshzahed@yahoo.co.uk.
authors.forename: Shahla
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zahednejad
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D056352:Athletes; D005413:Flatfoot / Q000628:therapy*; D061826:Foot Orthoses; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D012916:Soccer / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Kinetics; flexible flatfoot; ground reaction force; insole; temporal factors; vertical jumping function