title: Pain in adult patients with Pompe disease: a cross-sectional survey.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pompe disease is a rare hereditary metabolic myopathy caused by a deficiency of acid-α-glucosidase. We investigated the presence and severity of pain and its interference with daily activities in a large group of adults with Pompe disease, who we compared with an age-matched control group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected in a cross-sectional survey in Germany and The Netherlands. Pain was assessed using the short-form brief pain inventory (BPI). Patients also completed the Short Form-36 item (SF-36v2), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Rotterdam Handicap Scale (RHS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-five percent of the 124 adult Pompe patients reported having had pain in the previous 24h, against 27% of the 111 controls (p=0.004). The median pain severity score in Pompe patients reporting pain was 3.1 (on a scale from 0 to 10), indicating mild pain; against 2.6 amongst controls (p=0.06). The median score of pain interference with daily activities in patients who reported pain was 3.3, against 1.3 in controls (p=0.001). Relative to patients without pain, those with pain had lower RHS scores (p=0.02), lower SF-36 Physical and Mental component summary scores (p<0.001 and p=0.049), and higher levels of depression and anxiety (p=0.005 and p=0.003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To date, this is one of the largest studies on pain in a specific neuromuscular disorder. Nearly one in two Pompe patients had experienced pain in the previous 24h. Although pain severity and its interference with daily life were mild, pain was related to a reduced quality of life, less participation in daily life, and greater depression and anxiety. Its management should therefore be seen as part of clinical practice involving Pompe patients.
authors.affiliation: Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. d.gungor@erasmusmc.nl
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Güngör
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Schober
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Kruijshaar
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Plug
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Karabul
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Deschauer
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: van Doorn
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: van der Ploeg
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schoser
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hanisch
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006009:Glycogen Storage Disease Type II / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D059408:Pain Management; D011788:Quality of Life; D000520:alpha-Glucosidases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000520:alpha-Glucosidases
keywords: Acid maltase deficiency; Acid α-glucosidase; Glycogen storage disease type 2; Lysosomal storage disorders; Pain; Pompe disease