title: Typologies of young pathological gamblers based on sociodemographic and clinical characteristics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to explore empirical clusters within the population of young Spanish individuals attending outpatient pathological gambling treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  The South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS), the Symptom Checklist (SCL-90-R), the Temperament and Character Inventory-R (TCI-R) and other clinical and psychopathological measures were administered to 154 patients (between 17 and 25 years old). The two-step cluster analysis explored the presence of empirical heterogeneous groups based on clinical and socio-demographic characteristics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three clusters of young pathological gambling patients emerged. Type I showed less psychopathology and more functional personality traits. Type II showed a profile characterized by major emotional distress, shame, immaturity, hostility and negative feelings. Type III showed the most severe psychopathological profile and most psychopathological disturbances and schizotypal traits.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that three distinct endophenotypes exist, and that environmental factors have a stronger influence in the first, while in the second and third, individual factors related to deficits of emotional regulation stand out.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Pathological Gambling Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain; Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: sjimenez@bellvitgehospital.cat.
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jiménez-Murcia
authors.forename: Roser
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Granero
authors.forename: Randy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stinchfield
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fernández-Aranda
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Penelo
authors.forename: Lamprini G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Savvidou
authors.forename: Frida
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fröberg
authors.forename: Neus
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Aymamí
authors.forename: Mónica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gómez-Peña
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Moragas
authors.forename: Amparo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: del Pino-Gutiérrez
authors.forename: Ana B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Fagundo
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Menchón
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D058068:Endophenotypes; D005260:Female; D005715:Gambling / Q000145:classification* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult