title: Are plasma homocysteine concentrations in Brazilian adolescents influenced by the intake of the main food sources of natural folate?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Folate, a B vitamin, has been associated with a reduced concentration of plasma homocysteine (phcy), a marker of cardiovascular disease. The contribution of fruits and vegetables (FV) and other natural folate-rich foods to folate intake and folate status in Brazilian adolescents has hardly been determined.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the intake of FV and beans and its association with the concentration of phcy in adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a cross-sectional population-based study with a complex sample survey, with 198 adolescents who completed two 24-hour dietary recalls, a food frequency questionnaire, and a fasting blood draw. Usual dietary intake estimates were derived applying the Multiple Source Method. Three different generalized linear models with a gamma distribution were developed for each sex to evaluate the relationship between phcy and tertiles of FV intake as well as to evaluate the relationship between phcy and tertiles of FV and bean intake.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No association was found between phcy concentration and FV intake or between phcy and FV and beans. Serum folate and female sex were inversely related to phcy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Phcy was not related to FV or FV and beans; this may be attributable to a low intake of these food groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health (FSP), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Roberta Schein
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Bigio
authors.forename: Eliseu
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Verly
authors.forename: Michelle Alessandra
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: de Castro
authors.forename: Chester Luis Galvão
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Cesar
authors.forename: Regina Mara
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Fisberg
authors.forename: Dirce Maria Lobo
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Marchioni
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001938:Brazil; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015930:Diet Records; D007887:Fabaceae; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D005638:Fruit; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D012737:Sex Factors; D014675:Vegetables
chemical_list: D006710:Homocysteine; D005492:Folic Acid