title: Exploration of the factor structure of the Kirton Adaption-Innovation Inventory using bootstrapping estimation.
abstract: Exploratory factor analyses of the Kirton Adaption-Innovation Inventory (KAI), which serves to measure individual cognitive styles, generally indicate three factors: sufficiency of originality, efficiency, and rule/group conformity. In contrast, a 2005 study by Im and Hu using confirmatory factor analysis supported a four-factor structure, dividing the sufficiency of originality dimension into two subdimensions, idea generation and preference for change. This study extends Im and Hu's (2005) study of a derived version of the KAI by providing additional evidence of the four-factor structure. Specifically, the authors test the robustness of the parameter estimates to the violation of normality assumptions in the sample using bootstrap methods. A bias-corrected confidence interval bootstrapping procedure conducted among a sample of 356 participants--members of the Arkansas Household Research Panel, with middle SES and average age of 55.6 yr. (SD = 13.9)--showed that the four-factor model with two subdimensions of sufficiency of originality fits the data significantly better than the three-factor model in non-normality conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Marketing, College of Business, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA 94132, USA. subinim@sfsu.edu
authors.forename: Subin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Im
authors.forename: Soonhong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Min
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001131:Arkansas; D015982:Bias; D003405:Creativity; D004526:Efficiency; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007206:Individuality; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015233:Models, Statistical; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012925:Social Conformity