title: Breaking the take home pesticide exposure pathway for agricultural families: workplace predictors of residential contamination.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pesticides used in agriculture can be taken into worker homes and pose a potential risk for children and other family members. This study focused on identification of potential intervention points at the workplace.
  
  
  METHODS
  Workers (N = 46) recruited from two tree fruit orchards in Washington State were administered a 63-item pesticide safety questionnaire. Dust was collected from commuter vehicles and worker homes and analyzed for four organophosphorus (OP) pesticides (azinphosmethyl, phosmet, chlorpyrifos, malathion).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Geometric mean azinphosmethyl concentrations in dust for three worker groups (16 pesticide handlers, 15 green fruit thinners, 15 organic orchard workers) ranged from 0.027-1.5 μg/g, with levels in vehicle dust higher than in house dust, and levels in house dust from handlers' homes higher than levels from tree fruit thinners' homes. Vehicle and house dust concentrations of azinphosmethyl were highly associated (R(2) = 0.44, P < 0.001). Significant differences were found across worker groups for availability of laundry facilities, work boot storage, frequency of hand washing, commuter vehicle use, parking location, and safety training.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings support a focus on intervention activities to reduce take home pesticide exposure closer to the source of contamination; specifically, the workplace and vehicles used to travel to the workplace.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. rfenske@uw.edu
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Fenske
authors.forename: Chensheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Negrete
authors.forename: Kit
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Galvin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000383:Agriculture; D001336:Automobiles; D001387:Azinphosmethyl / Q000032:analysis; D004390:Chlorpyrifos / Q000032:analysis; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004391:Dust / Q000032:analysis*; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D040362:Geographic Information Systems; D006798:Housing; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008294:Malathion / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D063086:Organothiophosphates / Q000032:analysis*; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D010706:Phosmet / Q000032:analysis; D012449:Safety; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014861:Washington; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004391:Dust; D063086:Organothiophosphates; D010573:Pesticide Residues; D001387:Azinphosmethyl; D004390:Chlorpyrifos; D008294:Malathion; D010706:Phosmet
keywords: applicators; dust; para-occupational; pesticide handlers; pesticides; residential exposure; take home exposure; thinners; vehicle; workers; workplace