title: The use of Jackson-Pratt silicone flat drains as prolonged pleural catheters for the management of pleural effusions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Imbalance between secretion and absorbtion of pleural fluid results in pleural effusion. Emergence of pleural effusion ipsilateral or contralateral to the side drained previously is named recurrent effusion. There is currently no standart approach for the management of recurrent pleural effusions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen patients, treated between 2011 and 2012 for recurrent pleural effusions due to various etiologies, not considered for surgical or other treatments, and underwent placement of prolonged pleural catheters (Jackson-Pratt drain) were included in this study. Twenty two prolonged pleural catheters were inserted in 18 patients. There were 10 females and 8 males, with mean age 59 (35-77). In 20 patients the catheters were inserted by an anterior approach, and by a posterior approach in one patient. Daily drainage above 1,500 mL was not permitted in order to avoid pulmonary edema. Catheters were removed in patients who had lung expansion and drainage under 50 mL/day.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most common etiology for pleural effusions was extrathoracic malignancy in 9 patients, primary bronchial carcinoma in 5 patients, and benign pleural effusion in 4 patients. Four patients underwent bilateral prolonged pleural catheter insertion. The catheters were retained for a mean period of 19 (10-40) days. Pleural effusion recurred two months after removal of the catheter in one patient with primary bronchial cancer (5%). Only one patient developed a complication (empyema) while under drainage (5%). Two patients died while the catheter was in place.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Decreased length of stay and lower costs have enabled prolonged are the major advantages of pleural catheter applications in appropriate patients compared to other treatment methods. We believe that the Jackson Pratt silicone flat drains provide effective pleurodesis along with easy application, and suggest their use as an alternative to pleurodesis in especially malignant pleural effusions and not benign pleural effusions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Istanbul Bilim University Medical Faculty, Turkey;
authors.forename: Ozkan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Demirhan
authors.forename: Tugce
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kasapoglu
authors.forename: Ferah
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ece
authors.forename: Alper
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Toker
keywords: Pleural effusion; pleurodesis; prolonged pleural catheter