title: Effects of feed on plasma leptin and ghrelin concentrations in crib-biting horses.
abstract: The reason why some horses begin an oral stereotypy such as crib-biting is not known. The aim of this study was to measure ghrelin and leptin concentrations in plasma concentrations to determine whether there is a link to crib-biting in horses. Plasma samples (n=3) were collected for plasma leptin and ghrelin assay before and during the morning first feeding in the usual environments of 15 horses with stereotypic crib-biting and 15 matched controls. The crib-biting intensity was scored in three 5-min phases, and a subgroup of verified crib-biters (n=8) was defined as horses that were seen to crib-bite during this study. Plasma leptin concentration (mean and 95% confidence interval [CI]) was lower in horses observed to crib-bite before and after feeding of concentrates (1.2, CI 0.8-1.7 ng/mL and 1.0, CI 0.6-1.7) than in non-crib-biters (2.3, CI 1.6-3.4 and 2.3, CI 1.6-3.4 ng/mL, respectively) and correlated negatively with crib-biting intensity. Crib-biting intensity was significantly higher shortly after feeding than before or 30 min later. Plasma ghrelin concentration was significantly higher before feeding concentrate than before hay feeding or after the concentrate, but did not differ between groups. There was a significant negative correlation between body composition score and plasma ghrelin concentration. These findings suggest that leptin concentrations may be associated with crib-biting behaviour in horses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Division of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland. Electronic address: karin.hemmann@helsinki.fi.
authors.forename: Karin E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Hemmann
authors.forename: Ninna M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Koho
authors.forename: Outi M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Vainio
authors.forename: Marja R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Raekallio
mesh_terms: D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004435:Eating; D005260:Female; D054439:Ghrelin / Q000097:blood*; D006736:Horses / Q000502:physiology*; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D012621:Seasons; D013239:Stereotyped Behavior
chemical_list: D054439:Ghrelin; D020738:Leptin
keywords: Crib-biting; Equine; Ghrelin; Leptin; Stereotypy