title: Nephrocalcinosis induced by hyperoxaluria in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate nephrocalcinosis due to hyperoxaluria induced by two different inducing agents in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly distributed into four groups: Group 1 (Clinical control, n = 10); Group 2 (0.5% Ethylene Glycol + Vitamin D3, n = 10); Group 3 (1.25% Ethylene Glycol, n = 10); and Group 4 (5%Hydroxy L-proline, n = 10). Five animals from each group were euthanized after one week of follow-up (M1 Moment) and the remaining, after four weeks (M2 Moment). All animals underwent 24h urine dosages of calcium, oxalate, uric acid, citrate and serum creatinine. Histology and histomorphometric analyses were performed using Image J program in the hematoxylin-eosin stains. Calcium deposits in the renal parenchyma were quantified by PIXE technique (Proton Induced X-Ray Emission).
  
  
  RESULTS
  24h urinary parameters did not show any significant variations after 28 days of experiment except by hyperoxaluria that was significantly higher in Group 3. Histomorphometric analyses showed a significantly higher nephrocalcinosis in Group 2 (p<0.01). The calcium deposits in the renal parenchyma were 10 and 100 times higher in Group 2 in comparison to other groups in the M1 and M2 moments, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Group 2 (vitamin D3+Ethylene Glycol 0.5%) was the best model to induce nephrocalcinosis in rats after 28 days.
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Program in Bases General Surgery, Botucatu School of Medicine, São Paulo State University UNESP, Botucatu-SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Natália Baraldi
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Cunha
authors.forename: Paulo Roberto
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Kawano
authors.forename: Carlos Roberto
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Padovani
authors.forename: Flávio de Oliveira
authors.initials: Fde O
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.forename: Suene
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bernardes
authors.forename: Eloá Siqueira
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Magalhães
authors.forename: Carmen Regina Petean
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Amaro
authors.forename: João Luiz
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Amaro
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000652:urine; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000652:urine; D006959:Hyperoxaluria / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009397:Nephrocalcinosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D010070:Oxalates / Q000652:urine; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012016:Reference Values; D013997:Time Factors; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000652:urine; D014556:Urine / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D010070:Oxalates; D014527:Uric Acid; D019343:Citric Acid; D002118:Calcium