title: The management of animal bites in the United kingdom.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Animal bites represent a significant global health issue. The evidence in the literature regarding their management in many areas is conflicting and unclear. This project attempts to identify current evidence in the literature on the management of animal bites and assess if current practice in the United Kingdom is evidence based.
  
  
  METHODS
  A literature review on the management of animal bites was performed, and a national UK survey was contacted using a questionnaire based on the available evidence in the literature.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results from this survey show that 98% of plastic surgery units routinely use prophylactic antibiotics in all animal bite wounds; 58% close low-risk injuries primarily after initial washout, and there are conflicting opinions regarding the management of associated fractures and soft tissue injuries. The available data in the literature suggest that appropriate wound management is the most important factor for prevention of infection in animal bites. Antibiotic prophylaxis should only be given in high-risk wounds and primary closure should be performed in low-risk wounds.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The management protocols of many plastic surgery units often diverge from the available evidence within the literature. On the basis of a thorough literature review, a guideline for the management of animal bites is presented. Future studies should investigate the management of associated fractures and soft tissue injuries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Wexham Park Hospital, Slough, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Evgeniou
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Markeson
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iyer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Armstrong