title: Automatic administration of propofol and remifentanil guided by the bispectral index during rigid bronchoscopic procedures: a randomized trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anesthesia for rigid bronchoscopic procedures is a demanding procedure. Automatic titration of propofol and remifentanil to maintain the bispectral index (BIS) within the recommended range (40-60) has been reported during routine surgical procedures. The aim of the present study was to evaluate its use during rigid bronchoscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were enrolled in a randomized study comparing manual target-controlled infusion of propofol and remifentanil (manual TCI group) with automatic titration guided by the BIS (dual-loop group). Categorical variables were compared by the Fisher's exact test, and continuous variables (median [interquartile range 25-75]) were compared by the Mann-Whitney test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-four patients were included in the manual TCI group and 33 were included in the dual-loop group. Baseline characteristics were well balanced between the groups. Intervention by the anesthesiologist in charge to modify propofol and/or remifentanil targets in the dual-loop group was not necessary. Percentage of time spent in the BIS interval (40-60) was similar in the manual TCI and dual-loop groups (69% [48-79] vs 70% [58-80], respectively). Durations of induction and of maintenance and propofol and remifentanil doses were also similar between groups, except for the amount of propofol needed for induction (P = 0.002). Time to tracheal extubation was also similar. No case of intraoperational awareness was detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study could not establish the superiority of automatic system over manual adjustment for bronchoscopy. Further studies with a different design and a larger number of patients are required to establish the place of automatic delivery of anesthetic agents. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00571181.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Hôpital Foch, 40 rue Worth, 92151, Suresnes, France.
authors.forename: Ngai
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Pruszkowski
authors.forename: Jérôme Erwan
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Leroy
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chazot
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Trillat
authors.forename: Arlette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Colchen
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gonin
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fischler
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001331:Automation; D001999:Bronchoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D056805:Consciousness Monitors; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010880:Piperidines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000077208:Remifentanil; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D010880:Piperidines; D000077208:Remifentanil; D015742:Propofol