title: Gastroenterology training in a resource-limited setting: Zambia, Southern Africa.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate need for and efficacy of a structured gastroenterology didactic session in expanding awareness and understanding of digestive disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  A four-day symposium was developed with didactic sessions (days 1, 2) and practical endoscopy (days 3, 4). Didactic sessions included case presentations highlighting pathophysiology and management. One nurse and four practicing gastroenterologists from the United Kingdom led lectures and supervised workshops with audience participation. Practical endoscopy focused on diagnostic and therapeutic procedures and their application to diagnosis and treatment of ailments of the gastrointestinal tract. Pre- and post-workshop questionnaires were distributed to participants during didactic sessions. A pre-workshop questionnaire gauged expectations and identified objectives to be met at the symposium. Post-workshop questionnaires were administered to assess efficacy of each session. Participants graded sessions from 1 (poor) to 5 (excellent) on quality of case presentations, knowledge, clarity and mode of presentation. We assessed if time allotted to each topic was sufficient, value of sessions, impact on practice and interest in future symposiums.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 46 attendees on day 1: 41% undergraduates, 41% residents, 11% consultants and 4% unspecified. Day 2 (a Saturday) had 24 participants: 17% undergraduates, 71% residents, 9% consultants, 4% unspecified. Primary pre-workshop symposium expectation was to gain knowledge in: general gastroenterology (55.5%), practical endoscopy (13.8%), pediatric gastroenterology (5%), epidemiology of gastrointestinal disorders specific to Zambia (6%), and interaction with international speakers (6%). The post-symposium questionnaire was answered by 19 participants, of whom 95% felt specific aims were met; all would attend future conferences and recommend to others.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The beneficial effect of a structured symposium in developing countries warrants further attention as a mechanism to improve disease awareness in areas where resources are limited.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110-0250, United States. asombang@slu.edu
authors.forename: Akwi W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Asombang
authors.forename: Eleanor
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Turner-Moss
authors.forename: Anil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Seetharam
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kelly
mesh_terms: D000353:Africa, Southern / Q000453:epidemiology; D003906:Developing Countries; D004502:Education, Medical, Continuing / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005762:Gastroenterology / Q000193:education*; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D006295:Health Resources; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D015024:Zambia / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Gastroenterology training; Hepatology; Postgraduate training; Resource-limited country; Specialist training; Zambia