title: Diversity of Tn1546 in vanA-positive Enterococcus faecium clinical isolates with VanA, VanB, and VanD phenotypes and susceptibility to vancomycin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate diversity in the vanA cluster in Enterococcus faecium isolates from nontertiary hospitals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 43 vanA-positive Ent. faecium isolates, including two vancomycin-susceptible isolates, from hospitals between 2003 and 2006. Of these isolates, >85% were resistant to ampicillin, erythromycin and ciprofloxacin. The vanA cluster was classified into six types using overlapping PCR, but the prototype transposon Tn1546 was not found. Most vanA-positive vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) carried IS1216V and belonged to Type III (58·1%) or Type II (20·9%). vanY, vanZ and IS1216V were observed in the left and right ends of Type III with long-range PCR. IS1216V was also observed within vanS and vanX in the two vancomycin-susceptible isolates and in two vancomycin-resistant isolates. No VRE isolates with VanB and VanD phenotypes contained point mutations in vanS, unlike in previous reports. Sequence types (STs) of all isolates belonged to clonal complex 17, and ST78 was predominant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Insertion sequences, especially IS1216V, cause structural variation in the vanA cluster. We report the first observation of vanY and vanZ at the left end of Tn1546 in clinical isolates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first report of the frequency of vancomycin resistance and diversity of Tn1546 in vanA-positive Ent. faecium isolates from nontertiary hospitals.
authors.affiliation: Division of Antimicrobial Resistance, Center for Infectious Disease Research, National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Cha
authors.forename: J I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: Y S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Y H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Jung
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D019729:Carbon-Oxygen Ligases / Q000235:genetics; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D016984:Enterococcus faecium / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D010453:Peptide Synthases / Q000235:genetics; D010641:Phenotype; D020713:Vancomycin Resistance / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; C071437:VanA ligase, Bacteria; C079913:VanB protein, Enterococcus; D019729:Carbon-Oxygen Ligases; D010453:Peptide Synthases; C122181:VanD protein, Enterococcus faecium
keywords: insertion of IS1216V; point mutation; vanS; vanY; vanZ; vancomycin-susceptible Enterococcus faecium