title: Osmotic stress changes the expression and subcellular localization of the Batten disease protein CLN3.
abstract: Juvenile CLN3 disease (formerly known as juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis) is a fatal childhood neurodegenerative disorder caused by mutations in the CLN3 gene. CLN3 encodes a putative lysosomal transmembrane protein with unknown function. Previous cell culture studies using CLN3-overexpressing vectors and/or anti-CLN3 antibodies with questionable specificity have also localized CLN3 in cellular structures other than lysosomes. Osmoregulation of the mouse Cln3 mRNA level in kidney cells was recently reported. To clarify the subcellular localization of the CLN3 protein and to investigate if human CLN3 expression and localization is affected by osmotic changes we generated a stably transfected BHK (baby hamster kidney) cell line that expresses a moderate level of myc-tagged human CLN3 under the control of the human ubiquitin C promoter. Hyperosmolarity (800 mOsm), achieved by either NaCl/urea or sucrose, dramatically increased the mRNA and protein levels of CLN3 as determined by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting. Under isotonic conditions (300 mOsm), human CLN3 was found in a punctate vesicular pattern surrounding the nucleus with prominent Golgi and lysosomal localizations. CLN3-positive early endosomes, late endosomes and cholesterol/sphingolipid-enriched plasma membrane microdomain caveolae were also observed. Increasing the osmolarity of the culture medium to 800 mOsm extended CLN3 distribution away from the perinuclear region and enhanced the lysosomal localization of CLN3. Our results reveal that CLN3 has multiple subcellular localizations within the cell, which, together with its expression, prominently change following osmotic stress. These data suggest that CLN3 is involved in the response and adaptation to cellular stress.
authors.affiliation: Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Research/USD, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA.
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Getty
authors.forename: Attila D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Kovács
authors.forename: Tímea
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lengyel-Nelson
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cardillo
authors.forename: Caitlin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hof
authors.forename: Chun-Hung
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Pearce
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D006224:Cricetinae; D011992:Endosomes / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression; D006031:Glycosylation; D006056:Golgi Apparatus / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018832:Molecular Chaperones / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009997:Osmotic Pressure; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D021381:Protein Transport; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D025822:Ubiquitin C / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: C105199:CLN3 protein, human; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D018832:Molecular Chaperones; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D025822:Ubiquitin C