title: Anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of curcumin analogue A₂.
abstract: In the present study, we determined the anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of a curcumin analogue, 2,6-bis(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene) cyclohexanone (designated as A2). In vitro studies showed that A2 had a stronger inhibitory effect on the growth of mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells than curcumin. A2 also showed a stronger inhibitory effect than curcumin on 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced increases in NF-κB activation and IL-1β expression as well as in aldose reductase activity. A2 was a stronger antioxidant than curcumin as determined by inhibition of lipid peroxidation, inhibition of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl free radical formation, and inhibition of 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical formation. In vivo studies indicated that A2 was more potent than curcumin for inhibiting TPA-induced ear edema and TPA-induced increases in IL-1β. In addition, oral administration of A2 at a dose of 2,000 mg/kg body weight did not cause acute toxicity in mice. Taken together, the results of our study indicate that the curcumin analogue A2 has stronger anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities than curcumin.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry & Green Chemistry, Faculty of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China, dzy20060901@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Zhi-Yun
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Xingchuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Mou-Tuan
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Allan H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Conney
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000449:Aldehyde Reductase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D003474:Curcumin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004487:Edema / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D005609:Free Radicals; C587672:IL1B protein, mouse; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D016328:NF-kappa B; D000449:Aldehyde Reductase; D003474:Curcumin; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate