title: Short- and long-term mortality in males and females with fragility hip fracture in Norway. A population-based study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hip fracture patients have, in several studies, been shown to have excessive mortality. There is, however, a lack of mortality data, in comparison to incidence data, from the last decade in particular.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study short- and long-term mortality in a population-based cohort of hip fracture patients over the last decade and compare it to the background population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fragility hip fracture patients in the two most southern counties in Norway who experienced fractures in 2004 and 2005 were studied. For each patient, three controls were randomly recruited from the background population matched for age, sex, and residency. Overall, age-, gender-, and group-specific mortality rates were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 942 (267 male and 675 female) patients with a fragility hip fracture were identified. In the hip fracture patients, overall mortality rate after 1 year was 21.3% (males 30.7% and females 19.1%, P < 0.005) and, after 5 years, 59.0% (males 70.0% and females 54.6%, P < 0.005). The corresponding figures for matched controls were 5.6% (males 5.9%, females 5.4%, P = 0.6) and 24.9% (males 25.9%, females 24.5%, P = 0.4), respectively. A statistically significant difference was seen in the log-rank statistical analysis between hip fracture patients and controls, both in males (P < 0.0005) and females (P < 0.0005), and for age groups 50-80 years (P < 0.0005) and 80 years and older (P < 0.0005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mortality in males and females with hip fractures is high not only in the first year after fracture, but remains higher than in the background population during 5 years of follow-up. The high mortality in hip fracture patients remains a challenge both in middle-aged and elderly individuals. Optimization of post-fracture treatment and care could reduce mortality of hip fracture in middle-aged and elderly individuals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Hospital of Southern Norway, Kristiansand, Norway. andreas.diamantopoulos@sshf.no
authors.forename: Andreas P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Diamantopoulos
authors.forename: Mari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hoff
authors.forename: Inger M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Skoie
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hochberg
authors.forename: Glenn
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Haugeberg
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006620:Hip Fractures / Q000401:mortality*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009664:Norway / Q000453:epidemiology; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012044:Regression Analysis; D016019:Survival Analysis
keywords: hip fracture; mortality; population-based study; survival