title: Microglia and macrophages in malignant gliomas: recent discoveries and implications for promising therapies.
abstract: Malignant gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors. Their deadliest manifestation, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), accounts for 15% of all primary brain tumors and is associated with a median survival of only 15 months even after multimodal therapy. There is substantial presence of microglia and macrophages within and surrounding brain tumors. These immune cells acquire an alternatively activated phenotype with potent tumor-tropic functions that contribute to glioma growth and invasion. In this review, we briefly summarize recent data that has been reported on the interaction of microglia/macrophages with brain tumors and discuss potential application of these findings to the development of future antiglioma therapies.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Morfogênese Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Anna Carolina Carvalho
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: da Fonseca
authors.forename: Behnam
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Badie
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D002450:Cell Communication / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D002633:Chemotaxis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D005910:Glioma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D039081:Integrin alpha5beta1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D017628:Microglia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; C111835:CCL2 protein, human; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D039081:Integrin alpha5beta1; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; C494086:STAT3 protein, human