title: HIF-1α is essential for effective PMN bacterial killing, antimicrobial peptide production and apoptosis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis.
abstract: Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, is a transcription factor that controls energy metabolism and angiogenesis under hypoxic conditions, and a potent regulator of innate immunity. The studies described herein examined the role of HIF-1α in disease resolution in BALB/c (resistant, cornea heals) mice after ocular infection with Pseudomonas (P.) aeruginosa. Furthermore, the current studies focused on the neutrophil (PMN), the predominant cell infiltrate in keratitis. Using both siRNA and an antagonist (17-DMAG), the role of HIF-1α was assessed in P. aeruginosa-infected BALB/c mice. Clinical score and slit lamp photography indicated HIF-1α inhibition exacerbated disease and corneal destruction. Real time RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, ELISA, Greiss and MPO assays, bacterial load, intracellular killing, phagocytosis and apoptosis assays further tested the regulatory role of HIF-1α. Despite increased pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and increased MPO levels after knocking down HIF-1α expression, in vivo studies revealed a decrease in NO production and higher bacterial load. In vitro studies using PMN provided evidence that although inhibition of HIF-1α did not affect phagocytosis, both bacterial killing and apoptosis were significantly affected, as was production of antimicrobial peptides. Overall, data provide evidence that inhibition of HIF-1α converts a normally resistant disease response to susceptible (corneal thinning and perforation) after induction of bacterial keratitis. Although this inhibition does not appear to affect PMN transmigration or phagocytosis, both in vivo and in vitro approaches indicate that the transcriptional factor is essential for effective bacterial killing, apoptosis and antimicrobial peptide production.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America.
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: Sharon A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: McClellan
authors.forename: Kerry S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Vistisen
authors.forename: Linda D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Hazlett
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D016227:Benzoquinones / Q000633:toxicity; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003315:Cornea / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D020868:Gene Silencing; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000187:drug effects; D007634:Keratitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D047029:Lactams, Macrocyclic / Q000633:toxicity; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D020556:Neutrophil Infiltration / Q000187:drug effects; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D011552:Pseudomonas Infections / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000276:immunology*; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering
chemical_list: D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D016227:Benzoquinones; C497443:Hif1a protein, mouse; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D047029:Lactams, Macrocyclic; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; C448659:17-(dimethylaminoethylamino)-17-demethoxygeldanamycin