title: The effects of Gamijinhae-tang on elastase/lipopolysaccharide-induced lung inflammation in an animal model of acute lung injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gamijinhae-tang (GJHT) has long been used in Korea to treat respiratory diseases. The therapeutic effect of GJHT is likely associated with its anti-inflammatory activity. However, the precise mechanisms underlying its effects are unknown. This study was conducted to evaluate the protective effects of GJHT in a porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) and lipopolysaccharide(LPS) induced animal model of acute lung injury (ALI).
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, mice were intranasally exposed to PPE and LPS for 4 weeks to induce chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)-like lung inflammation. Two hours prior to PPE and LPS administration, the treatment group was administered GJHT extracts via an oral injection. The numbers of neutrophils, lymphocytes, macrophages and total cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were counted, and pro-inflammatory cytokines were also measured. For histologic analysis, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stains and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stains were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After inducing ALI by treating mice with PPE and LPS for 4 weeks, the numbers of neutrophils, lymphocytes and total cells were significantly lower in the GJHT group than in the ALI group. In addition, the IL-1β and IL-6 levels were significantly decreased in the GJHT group. The histological results also demonstrated the attenuation effect of GJHT on PPE- and LPS-induced lung inflammation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study indicate that GJHT has significantly reduces PPE- and LPS-induced lung inflammation. The remarkable protective effects of GJHT suggest its therapeutic potential in COPD treatment.
authors.forename: Sung-Hwa
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Sohn
authors.forename: HaRyeon
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Youngeun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Young Pyo
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Seung-Hun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Heejae
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Sungki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Hyunsu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bae
mesh_terms: D055371:Acute Lung Injury / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000276:immunology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000276:immunology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000378:metabolism; D010196:Pancreatic Elastase; D008517:Phytotherapy; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D056910:Republic of Korea; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010196:Pancreatic Elastase