title: Drug-induced Parkinson`s disease. A clinical review.
abstract: Drug-induced Parkinsonism must always be suspected when parkinsonian symptom like rigidity, tremor, or postural instability appear in patients receiving drug treatment. Indeed, drug-induced Parkinsonism is a frequent etiology of secondary Parkinsonism. The main causative drugs are antipsychotic, other neuroleptic drugs, and calcium-channel entry blockers. The risk associated with antipsychotics is often dose dependent and related to dopamine D2 striatal occupancy. The risk is less for the second-generation atypical antipsychotic. The other treatments rarely involved are antidepressants, antivirals, anti-arrhythmics, lithium, valproic acid, and others. Regression of symptom will be observed in most cases after a mean delay of 3 months after cessation of treatment. In one-tenth of cases, symptoms persist after drug withdrawal leading to the diagnosis of underlined idiopathic Parkinson`s disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. boholega@kfshrc.edu.sa
authors.forename: Saeed A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Bohlega
authors.forename: Nurah B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Al-Foghom
mesh_terms: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D010302:Parkinson Disease, Secondary / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents