title: Effects of peribulbar anesthesia (sub-Tenon injection of a local anesthetic) on akinesia of extraocular muscles, mydriasis, and intraoperative and postoperative analgesia in dogs undergoing phacoemulsification.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of peribulbar anesthesia (sub-Tenon injection of lidocaine hydrochloride) on akinesia of extraocular muscles, mydriasis, and intraoperative and postoperative analgesia in dogs undergoing phacoemulsification.
  
  
  METHODS
  14 Beagles with ophthalmically normal eyes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A blinded randomized controlled trial was performed. Dogs were anesthetized and assigned to 2 treatments: concurrent sub-Tenon injection of 2% lidocaine hydrochloride solution (2 mL) and IV injection of saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (0.02 mL/kg; lidocaine group [n = 7]) or concurrent sub-Tenon injection of saline solution (2 mL) and IV injection of 0.2 mg of atracurium/kg (0.02 mL/kg; control group [7]). Pupils were dilated by topical application of a combined tropicamide and phenylephrine ophthalmic solution. Ten minutes after the injections, pupil diameter was measured and phacoemulsification was performed. End-tidal isoflurane concentration was used to evaluate intraoperative pain. Subjective pain scores were recorded during the postoperative period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Akinesia was induced and maintained throughout the surgery in all eyes. Mean ± SD pupil diameter was significantly greater in the lidocaine group (13.7 ± 0.7 mm) than in the control group (12.2 ± 0.8 mm). Isoflurane requirements were significantly lower in the lidocaine group than the control group. However, postoperative pain scores were not significantly different between the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sub-Tenon injection of lidocaine was an effective method for inducing akinesia of extraocular muscles, mydriasis, and intraoperative analgesia for phacoemulsification in dogs. Therefore, this could be another option for surgical field exposure and pain management during phacoemulsification in dogs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, Korea.
authors.forename: Jaesang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Manbok
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Euiri
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Soohyun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sangwan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Sungwon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Sunmi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Inhyung
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Kangmoon
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Seo
mesh_terms: D000698:Analgesia; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D004285:Dogs; D004333:Drug Administration Routes; D005260:Female; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects; D015878:Mydriasis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000662:veterinary*; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D018918:Phacoemulsification / Q000662:veterinary*; D058475:Tenon Capsule
chemical_list: D008012:Lidocaine