title: Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection to determination of opium alkaloids in human plasma.
abstract: A novel, simple, rapid and sensitive dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method based on the solidification of floating organic drop (DLLME-SFO) combined with high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) was used to determine opium alkaloids in human plasma. During the extraction procedure, plasma protein was precipitated by using a mixture of zinc sulfate solution and acetonitrile. Some effective parameters on extraction were studied and optimized. Under the optimum conditions (extraction solvent: 30.0 μl 1-undecanol; disperser solvent: 470 μl acetone; pH: 9; salt addition: 1%(w/v) NaCl and extraction time: 0.5 min), calibration curves are linear in the range of 1.5-1000 μgl(-1) and limit of detections (LODs) are in the range of 0.5-5 μgl(-1). The relative standard deviations (RSDs) for 100 μgl(-1) of morphine and codeine, 10.0 μgl(-1) of papaverine and 20.0 μgl(-1) of noscapine in diluted human plasma are in the range of 4.3-7.4% (n=5). Finally, the method was successfully applied in the determination of opium alkaloids in the actual human plasma samples. The relative recoveries of plasma samples spiked with alkaloids are 88-110.5%. The obtained results show that DLLME-SFO combined with HPLC-UV is a fast and simple method for the determination of opium alkaloids in human plasma.
authors.affiliation: Internist, Iran West Center for Drug Abuse Studies, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
authors.forename: Toraj
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ahmadi-Jouibari
authors.forename: Nazir
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fattahi
authors.forename: Mojtaba
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shamsipur
authors.forename: Meghdad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pirsaheb
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D059627:Liquid Phase Microextraction / Q000379:methods*; D053610:Opiate Alkaloids / Q000097:blood*; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D053610:Opiate Alkaloids
keywords: Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction; Human plasma; Opium alkaloids; Solidification of floating organic drop