title: Quantification of long-term effects of botulinum injection in a case of cerebral palsy affecting the upper limb movement.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this work was to put into evidence the long-lasting modification induced by botulinum toxin injection and rehabilitative treatment on motor control.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this contribution, we report the case of a female child showing hemiplegia, due to cerebral palsy. She underwent botulinum injection, followed by physical and occupational therapy. We quantified the biomechanical, cerebral and occupational aspects of her impaired upper limb, also dynamically, with respect to her pre- and post-treatment condition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Small long-lasting improvements--induced on biomechanics by botulinum injection--triggered wide cerebral modification, well reflected in improved contextual movements and motor strategy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results provide evidences that small modifications in the end-effector performance often imply cerebral modifications and improvement in finalized motor strategy.
authors.affiliation: Bioengineering Department , Politecnico di Milano, Milan , Italy .
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Molteni
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rigoldi
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morante
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rozbaczylo
authors.forename: Mariana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haro
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Albertini
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Galli
authors.forename: Anna Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Bianchi
mesh_terms: D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006429:Hemiplegia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D006801:Humans; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D034941:Upper Extremity / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A
keywords: Botulinum injection; EEG analysis; cerebral palsy; movement analysis; upper limb