title: The coming age of enophthalmos.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Many factors are known to affect the health of the ocular surface. Enophthalmos is an often-overlooked component of ocular surface disease, and its prevalence is likely on the rise. This review outlines the many causes of enophthalmos, summarizes recent literature describing its relation to the health of the conjunctiva and cornea, and reviews new ways to treat it in clinical practice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The terms giant fornix syndrome, senile sunken upper lids, and prostaglandin-associated periorbitopathy have recently been coined to describe newly recognized syndromes associated with enophthalmos. Many of these syndromes can lead to ocular surface disease and are becoming more prevalent as the population ages.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With an understanding of the causes of enophthalmos and its relation to the health of the ocular surface, an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan can be made for patients presenting with periorbital and ocular surface disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
authors.forename: Rachel K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Sobel
authors.forename: Brian J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Tienor
mesh_terms: D015841:Enophthalmos / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans