title: Immunodiagnosis of alveolar echinococcosis using urine samples.
abstract: Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is one of the most lethal zoonotic parasitic infections. The diagnosis is based on the combination of the abdominal imaging including CT, MRI and PET, and serology. To develop a new diagnostic tool for AE with urine as samples, mouse-Echinococcus multilocularis (Em) model and then human cases were studied. The antibody levels of urine and serum samples from the infected mice and AE cases were well correlated with each other. The sensitivity and specificity of the method with urine were 91% and 98%, respectively, when IgG4 to crude Em was examined. Comparing with serum samples, the collection of urine is easier and safer and the urine diagnostic tool makes surveys of this silent disease easier.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infection and Immunology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan. Electronic address: macitoh@aichi-med-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.forename: Yasuhito
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sako
authors.forename: Sonoyo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Hiromitsu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Akabane
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakaya
authors.forename: Fumiaki
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nagaoka
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ito
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000909:Antibodies, Helminth / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000652:urine; D004443:Echinococcosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000469:parasitology; D004444:Echinococcosis, Hepatic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000469:parasitology; D004445:Echinococcosis, Pulmonary / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000469:parasitology; D048210:Echinococcus multilocularis / Q000276:immunology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D015047:Zoonoses
chemical_list: D000909:Antibodies, Helminth
keywords: Antibody responses; Echinococcus multilocularis; Mice; Patients; Serum-ELISA; Urine-ELISA