title: Person-centred climate questionnaire (PCQ-S): establishing reliability and cut-off scores in residential aged care.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to establish reliability and cut-off scores for the person-centred climate questionnaire - staff version (PCQ-S) in residential aged care.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  A number of tools have emerged recently to measure person-centredness, and these need psychometric evaluation and cut-off scores to enhance utilisation and interpretation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional survey design was employed in a Swedish sample of residential aged care staff (n = 1237). Psychometric evaluation using Cronbach's alpha and item-total correlation was used, together with establishing cut-off scores based on quartile scores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The PCQ-S had satisfactory psychometric properties and the following total scale cut-off scores for unit person-centredness were suggested: ≤ 49 ('well below average'), 50-56 ('below average'), 57-62 ('above average') and ≥ 63 ('well above average'). These cut-off scores were clinically meaningful as they separated the sample into four groups in which staff in more person-centred units reported significantly higher work satisfaction, social support and less stress of conscience.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The PCQ-S has reliability in residential aged care samples, and cut-off scores are provided that provide important fundaments for comparative studies and aggregation of data to explore person-centredness care further.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study enables managers with ways to measure, interpret and compare levels of person-centredness between units and facilities for research, practice development and/or benchmarking purposes.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Nursing, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Edvardsson
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sjögren
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lindkvist
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Edvardsson
authors.forename: P O
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Sandman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018802:Patient-Centered Care / Q000592:standards*; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012112:Residential Facilities / Q000592:standards*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D013548:Sweden
keywords: environment; health facility environment; housing for the elderly; long-term care; measurement reliability; nursing homes