title: The contribution of diffusion tensor imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy for the differentiation of breast lesions at 3T.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Conventional breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including dynamic contrast-enhanced MR mammography (DCE-MRM), may lead to ambiguous diagnosis and unnecessary biopsies.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the contribution of proton MR spectroscopy (1H-MRS) combined with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics in the discrimination between benign and malignant breast lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-one women with known breast abnormalities from conventional imaging were examined on a 3T MR scanner. DTI was performed during breast MRI, and fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were measured in the breast lesions and the contralateral normal breast. FA and ADC were compared between malignant lesions, benign lesions, and normal tissue. 1H-MRS was performed after gadolinium administration and choline peak was qualitatively evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In our study 1H-MRS showed a sensitivity of 93.5%, specificity 80%, and accuracy 88.2%. FA was significantly higher in breast carcinomas compared to benign lesions. However, no significant difference was observed in ADC between benign and malignant lesions. The combination of Cho presence and FA achieved higher levels of accuracy and specificity in discriminating malignant from benign lesions over Cho presence or FA alone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, applying DTI and 1H-MRS together, adds incremental diagnostic value in the characterization of breast lesions and may sufficiently improve the low specificity of conventional breast MRI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physics, University of Thessaly Medical School, Larissa, Greece.
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tsougos
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Svolos
authors.forename: Evanthia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kousi
authors.forename: Evangelos
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Athanassiou
authors.forename: Kiriaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Theodorou
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Arvanitis
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fezoulidis
authors.forename: Katerina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vassiou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016880:Anisotropy; D001941:Breast Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D002794:Choline / Q000032:analysis; D003287:Contrast Media; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D056324:Diffusion Tensor Imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008875:Middle Aged; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D002794:Choline
keywords: 3T; Spectroscopy; breast tumor; diffusion tensor imaging