title: Sialic Acid Receptors of Viruses.
abstract: Sialic acid linked to glycoproteins and gangliosides is used by many viruses as a receptor for cell entry. These viruses include important human and animal pathogens, such as influenza, parainfluenza, mumps, corona, noro, rota, and DNA tumor viruses. Attachment to sialic acid is mediated by receptor binding proteins that are constituents of viral envelopes or exposed at the surface of non-enveloped viruses. Some of these viruses are also equipped with a neuraminidase or a sialyl-O-acetyl-esterase. These receptor-destroying enzymes promote virus release from infected cells and neutralize sialic acid-containing soluble proteins interfering with cell surface binding of the virus. Variations in the receptor specificity are important determinants for host range, tissue tropism, pathogenicity, and transmissibility of these viruses.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Virologie, Philipps-Universität, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 2, 35043, Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Mikhail
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matrosovich
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Herrler
authors.forename: Hans Dieter
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Klenk
mesh_terms: D000115:Acetylesterase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology; D005057:Eukaryotic Cells / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D009439:Neuraminidase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D011991:Receptors, Virus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D012794:Sialic Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D013045:Species Specificity; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D056189:Viral Tropism / Q000502:physiology; D053586:Virus Internalization; D014780:Viruses / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D011991:Receptors, Virus; D012794:Sialic Acids; D014764:Viral Proteins; C092488:sialic acid receptor; D000115:Acetylesterase; C046298:sialate O-acetylesterase; D009439:Neuraminidase