title: Phytochemical profile of a Japanese black-purple rice.
abstract: Black-purple rice is becoming popular with health conscious food consumers. In the present study, the secondary metabolites in dehulled black-purple rice cv. Asamurasaki were analysed using HPLC-PDA-MS(2). The seeds contained a high concentration of seven anthocyanins (1400 μg/g fresh weight) with cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and peonidin-3-O-glucoside predominating. Five flavonol glycosides, principally quercetin-3-O-glucoside and quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, and flavones were detected at a total concentration of 189 μg/g. The seeds also contained 3.9 μg/g of carotenoids consisting of lutein, zeaxanthin, lycopene and β-carotene. γ-Oryzanol (279 μg/g) was also present as a mixture of 24-methylenecycloartenol ferulate, campesterol ferulate, cycloartenol ferulate and β-sitosterol ferulate. No procyanidins were detected in this variety of black-purple rice. The results demonstrate that the black-purple rice in the dehulled form in which it is consumed by humans contains a rich heterogeneous mixture of phytochemicals which may provide a basis for the potential health benefits, and highlights the possible use of the rice as functional food.
authors.affiliation: Joseph Black Building, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Gema
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pereira-Caro
authors.forename: Shin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Crozier
authors.forename: Tatsuhito
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujimura
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yokota
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ashihara
mesh_terms: D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000737:chemistry*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D015394:Molecular Structure; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Anthocyanins; Carotenoids; Flavones; Flavonols; Japanese black–purple rice; γ-Oryzanol