title: Does a first-born female child bring mood risks to new Asian American mothers?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To define the relationship between gender of the first-born child and mood in Asian American mothers.
  
  
  METHODS
  A secondary analysis was used to address the objectives of the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample was obtained from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) of 40 states in the United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample included 1,310 women of Asian origin who delivered their first children during the prior 2- to 4-month period.
  
  
  METHODS
  Based on data from the PRAMS survey mailed 2- to 4-months postpartum, participants were selected for inclusion in the study sample from those who had given birth to their first children and were of Chinese, Japanese, Filipino, or other Asian origin. Chi squared analyses and an independent sample t test were used to assess the relationship between the child's sex and the mother's response to three PRAM mood questions; a single score was generated by summing the responses to the three questions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant (p > .05) differences in rate of mood symptoms or the means of the aggregated score related to a child's gender.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study findings are similar to those reported in the United Kingdom and suggest that the cultural preference for a son is not a significant mood risk in Asian American women.
authors.affiliation: College of Nursing and Health Professions, Drexel University, 245 North 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19072, USA.
authors.forename: Anh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pham
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hardie
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019052:Depression, Postpartum / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008425:Maternal Behavior / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology; D009769:Object Attachment; D010298:Parity; D036801:Parturition / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult