title: Heparin/heparan sulphate interactions with complement--a possible target for reduction of renal function loss?
abstract: Current management of end-stage renal failure is based on renal replacement therapy by dialysis or transplantation. Increased occurrence of renal failure in both native and transplanted kidneys indicates a need for novel therapies to stop or limit the progression of the disease. Acute kidney injury and proteinuria are major risk factors in the development of renal failure. In this regard, innate immunity plays an important role in the pathogenesis of renal diseases in both native and transplanted kidneys. The complement system is a major humoral part of innate defense. Next to the well-known complement activators, quite a number of the complement factors react with proteoglycans (PGs) both on cellular membranes and in the extracellular compartment. Therefore, these interactions might serve as targets for intervention. In this review, the current knowledge of interactions between PGs and complement is reviewed, and additionally the options for interference in the progression of renal disease are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Azadeh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zaferani
authors.forename: Ditmer
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Talsma
authors.forename: Mareike K S
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Richter
authors.forename: Mohamed R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Daha
authors.forename: Gerjan J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Navis
authors.forename: Marc A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Seelen
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van den Born
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003165:Complement System Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018450:Disease Progression; D006493:Heparin / Q000378:metabolism*; D006497:Heparan Sulfate / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D003165:Complement System Proteins; D006493:Heparin; D006497:Heparan Sulfate
keywords: complement system; proteoglycans; renal failure