title: Benign and malignant ovarian steroid cell tumors, not otherwise specified: case studies, comparison, and review of the literature.
abstract: Ovarian steroid cell tumors, not otherwise specified (NOS) are rare sex cord-stromal tumors of the ovary with malignant potential. So far only a few cases were reported in English literature through the Pubmed search. Here we report two cases of such tumor, one was benign (first case underwent laparoscopic cystectomy) and the other was malignant (died 10 months later after initial diagnosis), both presented with amenorrhea and clinical signs or symptoms of virilization. In malignant case, we provided evidence (tumor embolus) in addition to the reported five characteristics associated with malignancy. On further evaluation, laboratory investigations revealed hyperandrogenism in the male range, while follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinising hormone (LH) levels were within normal limits. Various aspects of the presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of these tumors are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, 419 Fangxie Road, Shanghai 200011, P. R. China ; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, 419 Fangxie Road, Shanghai 200011, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, 419 Fangxie Road, Shanghai 200011, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Shaofen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, 419 Fangxie Road, Shanghai 200011, P. R. China ; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Congjian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xu