title: Knowledge attitude and practices among urban women of Karachi, Pakistan, regarding breast cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the knowledge,attitudes and practices of urban women regarding breast cancer and its available screening modalities.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cross-sectional, questionnaire-based, descriptive study was conducted in the urban population of Karachi in November 2010. Female attendants (n=373) visiting a tertiary care centre and four of its urban outreach centres during the study period were administered a questionnaire. The answers were then scored with regard to their knowledge. Frequencies and percentages were computed through SPSS 17, and analysis of variance was used to confirm significance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 373 participants with a mean age of 32.4+/-10.9 years, 293 (78.6%) were married, and 257 (69%) were housewives. The education level was considerably high; with 214 (57.4%) graduates. The mean score for knowledge of risk factors was 2.84 out of a total of 13; which was significantly associated with marital status and income. Age > 40 years, education level, income and employment status were also significantly associated with higher mean screening awareness scores. Nearly 182 (48.8%) had heard about Breast Self Examination and 142 (38%) knew how to perform one. However, only 97 (25.9%) regularly performed such an exam. Almost all 3621 (97%) women wanted more media awareness campaigns regarding the issue.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a real need for comprehensive health education programmes focusing on breast cancer awareness in Pakistan.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Zain-ul-Abedeen
authors.initials: ZU
authors.lastname: Sobani
authors.forename: Zeb
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Saeed
authors.forename: Hafiza Noor-ul-Ain
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Baloch
authors.forename: Amina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Majeed
authors.forename: Sana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chaudry
authors.forename: Adil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sheikh
authors.forename: Jalal
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Umar
authors.forename: Hira
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Waseem
authors.forename: Murtaza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mirza
authors.forename: Irfan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Qadir
authors.forename: Shaista Masood
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Masood
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kadir
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000523:psychology*; D016504:Breast Self-Examination; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D010154:Pakistan; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014505:Urban Population