title: Offset analgesia is reduced in older adults.
abstract: Recent studies indicate that aging is associated with dysfunctional changes in pain modulatory capacity, potentially contributing to increased incidence of pain in older adults. However, age-related changes in offset analgesia (offset), a form of temporal pain inhibition, remain poorly characterized. The purpose of this study was to investigate age differences in offset analgesia of heat pain in healthy younger and older adults. To explore the peripheral mechanisms underlying offset, an additional aim of the study was to test offset at 2 anatomical sites with known differences in nociceptor innervation. A total of 25 younger adults and 20 older adults completed 6 offset trials in which the experimental heat stimulus was presented to the volar forearm and glabrous skin of the palm. Each trial consisted of 3 continuous phases: an initial 15-second painful stimulus (T1), a slight increase in temperature from T1 for 5 seconds (T2), and a slight decrease back to the initial testing temperature for 10 seconds (T3). During each trial, subjects rated pain intensity continuously using an electronic visual analogue scale (0-100). Older adults demonstrated reduced offset compared to younger adults when tested on the volar forearm. Interestingly, offset analgesia was nonexistent on the palm for all subjects. The reduced offset found in older adults may reflect an age-related decline in endogenous inhibitory systems. However, although the exact mechanisms underlying offset remain unknown, the absence of offset at the palm suggests that peripheral mechanisms may be involved in initiating this phenomenon.
authors.affiliation: College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA Pain Research and Intervention Center of Excellence, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Kelly M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Naugle
authors.forename: Yenisel
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cruz-Almeida
authors.forename: Roger B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Fillingim
authors.forename: Joseph L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Riley
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D000698:Analgesia; D001831:Body Temperature; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005260:Female; D005542:Forearm / Q000502:physiology; D006225:Hand / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012879:Skin Physiological Phenomena; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Aging; Elderly; Offset analgesia; Pain modulation