title: Are Chileans exposed to dietary furan?
abstract: Chilean consumer preferences include foods that may contain considerable amounts of furan, a potential human carcinogen. However, there is no information regarding dietary exposure to furan in Chile. Thus, the objective of this work was to determine the Chilean exposure to dietary furan. To accomplish this objective, the furan concentration of 14 types of commercial foods processed at high temperature were analysed based on a modified headspace-GC/MS (HS-GC/MS) method in which the limits of detection for different food matrices ranged from 0.01 to 0.6 ng g(-1). In addition, a risk assessment was made with exposure estimates based on dietary data from national studies on different age groups (9-month-old babies, school children, adults and elderly people). Of the food items surveyed "American"-type coffee (espresso coffee plus hot water) obtained from automatic coffee machine (936 ng g(-1)) and low moisture starchy products like crisps and "soda"-type crackers showed the highest furan concentrations (259 and 91 ng g(-1), respectively). Furthermore, furan was also found in samples of breakfast cereals (approximately 20 ng g(-1)), jarred fruit baby foods (8.5 ng g(-1)) and orange juice (7.0 ng g(-1)). School children (aged 9-13 years) represented the highest intake of furan (about 500 ng kg(-1)(bw) day(-1)), with margins of exposure of 2479 and 2411, respectively, which points to a possible public health risk.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Chemical Engineering and Bioprocess , Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago , Chile.
authors.forename: María S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Mariotti
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Toledo
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hevia
authors.forename: J Pablo
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Gomez
authors.forename: Arvid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fromberg
authors.forename: Kit
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Granby
authors.forename: Jaime
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rosowski
authors.forename: Oscar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Castillo
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pedreschi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000032:analysis; D002648:Child; D002677:Chile; D003069:Coffee / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D005663:Furans / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007225:Infant Food / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D018570:Risk Assessment
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D003069:Coffee; D005663:Furans