title: Novel focal adhesion protein kindlin-2 promotes the invasion of gastric cancer cells through phosphorylation of integrin β1 and β3.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We have found that the expression of the novel focal adhesion protein kindlin-2 had a significant positive correlation with poor survival in gastric cancer. However, the mechanism by which kindlin-2 acts in gastric cancer warrants further evaluation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Kindlin-2 mRNA expression in gastric cancer cell lines was measured by realtime RT-PCR under normal and hypoxic conditions. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, tumor adhesion, cell invasion ability, and phosphorylation of integrin β1 and β3 proteins were measured to assess the influence of kindlin-2 on the malignant behavior of gastric cancer cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Kindlin-2 mRNA expression was highest in the distant metastasis gastric cancer cell line Hs-746T. Cell proliferation, adhesion with endothelium and collagen IV, invasion rate, and angiogenesis genes expression, as well as phosphorylation of integrin β1 and β3 in Hs-746T, were decreased significantly after kindlin-2 downregulation, but there was no change in apoptosis and cell cycle.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Kindlin-2 might promote the invasion of gastric cancer cells through enhancing proliferation and adhesion by the phosphorylation of integrin β1 and β3.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, PR China. shenlong1977@163.com
authors.forename: Zhanlong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Yingjiang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Tuuli
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kauttu
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Seppänen
authors.forename: Sanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vainionpää
authors.forename: Shan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Harri
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mustonen
authors.forename: Pauli
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Puolakkainen
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002453:Cell Cycle; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D019012:Integrin beta1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D039661:Integrin beta3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C477322:FERMT3 protein, human; D019012:Integrin beta1; D039661:Integrin beta3; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins
keywords: gastric cancer; integrin; invasion; kindlin-2; metastasis