title: Validation of RiskCheck Bladder Cancer ©, version 5.0 for risk-adapted screening of bladder cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of the study was to assess the strength of the online tool RiskCheck Bladder Cancer©, version 5.0 (RCBC) for early detection of bladder cancer (BC).
  
  
  METHODS
  RCBC was evaluated retrospectively based on the data of 241 patients, of which 141 were suffering from BC. Statistical analysis was performed by descriptive statistics, nonparametric group comparison, classification tree analysis and ROC analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ROC analysis of the risk classification showed a sensitivity of 71.6%, a specificity of 56.5%, a positive predictive value of 67.8%, a negative predictive value of 52% and an accuracy of 63.5%. BC risk factors ranked by importance are time of smoking (p < 0.0001), gender (within the nonsmoking group: p < 0.009), occupational toxin exposure (within the group <35 years of smoking: p < 0.048) and amount of consumed cigarettes resulting in a 95% association with BC (within the group >35 years of smoking: p < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high predictive power of RCBC for the identification of asymptomatic patients living under risk could be demonstrated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, General Hospital of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy. tho.martini@yahoo.de
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Martini
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mayr
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lodde
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Seitz
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Trenti
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Comploj
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Palermo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pycha
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mian
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zywica
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Weidner
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lüdecke
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000465:Algorithms; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012372:ROC Curve; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D012984:Software; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*