title: Reducing the intensity and volume of interval training diminishes cardiovascular adaptation but not mitochondrial biogenesis in overweight/obese men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this research was to determine if the adaptations to high intensity interval training (HIT) are mitigated when both intensity and training volume (i.e. exercise energy expenditure) are reduced.
  
  
  METHODS
  19 overweight/obese, sedentary males (Age: 22.7±3.9 yrs, Body Mass Index: 31.4±2.6 kg/m(2), Waist Circumference: 106.5±6.6 cm) performed 9 sessions of interval training using a 1-min on, 1-min off protocol on a cycle ergometer over three weeks at either 70% (LO) or 100% (HI) peak work rate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cytochrome oxidase I protein content, cytochrome oxidase IV protein content, and citrate synthase maximal activity all demonstrated similar increases between groups with a significant effect of training for each. β-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase maximal activity tended to increase with training but did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.07). Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α and silent mating type information regulator 2 homolog 1 protein contents also increased significantly (p = 0.047), while AMP-activated protein kinase protein content decreased following the intervention (p = 0.019). VO2peak increased by 11.0±7.4% and 27.7±4.4% in the LO and HI groups respectively with significant effects of both training (p<0.001) and interaction (p = 0.027). Exercise performance improved by 8.6±7.6% in the LO group and 14.1±4.3% in the HI group with a significant effect of training and a significant difference in the improvement between groups. There were no differences in perceived enjoyment or self-efficacy between groups despite significantly lower affect scores during training in the HI group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While improvements in aerobic capacity and exercise performance were different between groups, changes in oxidative capacity were similar despite reductions in both training intensity and volume.
authors.affiliation: School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: J Colin
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Boyd
authors.forename: Craig A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Simpson
authors.forename: Mary E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Brendon J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Gurd
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002320:Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; D015444:Exercise; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D063269:Mitochondrial Turnover / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism*; D050177:Overweight / Q000378:metabolism*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018836:Inflammation Mediators