title: The pain recovery inventory of concerns and expectations: a psychosocial screening instrument to identify intervention needs among patients at elevated risk of back disability.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To reduce a full psychosocial test battery to a brief screening questionnaire to triage return-to-work strategies among patients with low back pain (LBP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Workers (N = 496) with acute, work-related LBP completed multiple psychosocial measures at intake, then a 3-month follow-up of pain, function, and work status. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to reduce the number of items while maintaining scale reliability, preserving associations with outcomes, and maintaining separation between patient subgroups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The pool of items was trimmed from 129 to 46 items, describing elements of emotional distress, pain beliefs, organizational support, and activity limitation. A confirmatory cluster analysis replicated previous findings of three risk subgroups: distressed, avoidant, and lacking employer support.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The reduced measure is a reliable and valid screening measure that can be used to identify early intervention needs among working adults with LBP.
authors.affiliation: Liberty Mutual Research Institute for Safety, Hopkinton, MA 01748, USA. william.shaw@libertymutual.com
authors.forename: William S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: Silje Endresen
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Reme
authors.forename: Glenn
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pransky
authors.forename: Mary Jane
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Woiszwillo
authors.forename: Ivan A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Steenstra
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Linton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D020380:Needs Assessment; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011584:Psychology; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires