title: Anterior retrograde approach to the myofascial temporalis muscle for orbital reconstruction: series of 9 consecutive cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Among the reconstructive options after orbital exenteration, the temporalis myofascial flap (TMF) has been widely recognized as the one of the best available solutions. We think that the hemicoronal approach to harvest the TMF represents a disadvantage so we adopted a modified approach that we named the anterior retrograde approach to the TMF.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine patients with malignant orbital tumors underwent orbital exenteration and primary reconstruction with TMF harvested with the anterior retrograde approach. The temporalis muscle was widely exposed through the anterior incision used to perform the orbital exenteration. The harvested flap was then rotated and insetted to fill the orbital cavity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Neither cases of total/partial flap failure nor local/regional recurrence of tumor were recorded. The technique showed a significant reduction of morbidity, surgical time, and blood loss compared with the traditional technique.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We think that the anterior retrograde approach should be considered as a valid alternative to the traditional hemicoronal approach.
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of *Maxillofacial Surgery and †Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Torroni
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cervelli
authors.forename: Giulio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gasparini
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Grussu
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moro
authors.forename: Tito Matteo
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Marianetti
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Foresta
authors.forename: Camillo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Azzuni
authors.forename: Sandro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pelo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002280:Basal Cell Carcinoma / Q000601:surgery*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D017233:Orbit Evisceration; D009918:Orbital Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D013703:Temporal Muscle / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome