title: The effects of noncontingent and self-administered cytisine on body weight and meal patterns in male Sprague-Dawley rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Increased appetite and weight gain after cessation are deterrents for quitting smoking. Pharmacotherapies that can reduce this weight gain in ex-smokers would be invaluable, and yet are not well studied in this context.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effects of extended daily exposure to intravenous cytisine, an alpha4beta2 nAChR partial agonist used for smoking cessation in some European countries, on body weight and patterns of food intake in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the first experiment, programmed infusions of cytisine were administered over 15 h per day. Food intake, meal patterns, and weight change were examined relative to a vehicle-infused group during treatment, and in a post-cytisine phase. The second experiment examined the effects of cytisine on food intake, meal patterns, and weight change when substituted for nicotine in a self-administration protocol. Rats self-administered nicotine and cytisine during alternating four day periods, and changes in body weight, drug infusions, and meal patterns were compared between drugs and during an extinction phase.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the first experiment, cytisine-treated rats ate less and gained less weight than those that received the vehicle. This occurred primarily by a reduced frequency of meals. In the 12 day post-cytisine phase, animals maintained a lower body weight relative to controls throughout. In the second experiment, total pellet intake increased during cytisine substitution relative to nicotine and animals self-administered cytisine significantly less than nicotine. However, cytisine substitution maintained decreases in food intake and weight gain compared to baseline via decreases in total pellet intake and meal size.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cytisine administration results in decreased weight gain and changes in meal patterns dependent upon mode and pattern of administration and a previous history of nicotine administration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-2250, USA. Electronic address: pgrebenstein@mmrf.org.
authors.forename: Patricia E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Grebenstein
authors.forename: Joseph L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Harp
authors.forename: Neil E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Rowland
mesh_terms: D000470:Alkaloids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001392:Azocines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects*; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D011807:Quinolizines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012646:Self Administration; D000093843:Quinolizidine Alkaloids
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D001392:Azocines; D011807:Quinolizines; C004712:cytisine; D000093843:Quinolizidine Alkaloids
keywords: Body weight; Cytisine; Extended access; Intravenous nicotine; Meal patterns; Self-administration