title: Gray matter atrophy pattern in elderly with subjective memory impairment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Individuals with subjective memory impairment (SMI) report worsening of memory without impairment in cognitive tests. Despite normal cognitive performance, they may be at higher risk of cognitive decline compared with individuals without SMI.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used a discriminative function (a support vector machine) trained on an independent data set of 226 healthy control subjects and 191 patients with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia to characterize the baseline gray matter patterns of 24 individuals with SMI and 53 control subjects. We tested for associations of these gray matter patterns with SMI presence, cognitive performance at baseline, and cognitive decline at follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Individuals with SMI showed greater similarity to an AD gray matter pattern compared with control subjects without SMI. In addition, episodic memory decline was associated with an AD gray matter pattern in the SMI group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate a link between the gray matter atrophy pattern of patients with AD and the presence of SMI. Furthermore, multivariate pattern recognition approaches seem to be a sensitive method for identifying subtle brain changes that correspond to future memory decline in SMI.
authors.affiliation: Freiburg Brain Imaging, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Psychology, Laboratory for Biological and Personality Psychology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. Electronic address: jessica.peter@uniklinik-freiburg.de.
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Peter
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Lukas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Scheef
authors.affiliation: Freiburg Brain Imaging, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Group of Pattern Recognition and Image Processing, Department of Computer Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abdulkadir
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Henning
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Boecker
authors.affiliation: German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Clinical Neuroscience Unit, Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heneka
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Rheinische-Friedrich-Wilhelms University Bonn, Bonn, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Rheinische-Friedrich-Wilhelms University Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koppara
authors.affiliation: Freiburg Brain Imaging, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Section of Gerontopsychiatry and Neuropsychology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Klöppel
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Rheinische-Friedrich-Wilhelms University Bonn, Bonn, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jessen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001284:Atrophy / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012372:ROC Curve; D060388:Support Vector Machine
keywords: Cognitive decline; Early diagnosing; Magnetic resonance imaging; Pattern recognition; Prediction; Subjective memory impairment