title: Ventilatory control in infants, children, and adults with bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
abstract: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), or chronic lung disease of prematurity, occurs in ~30% of preterm infants (15,000 per year) and is associated with a clinical history of mechanical ventilation and/or high inspired oxygen at birth. Here, we describe changes in ventilatory control that exist in patients with BPD, including alterations in chemoreceptor function, respiratory muscle function, and suprapontine control. Because dysfunction in ventilatory control frequently revealed when O2 supply and CO2 elimination are challenged, we provide this information in the context of four important metabolic stressors: stresses: exercise, sleep, hypoxia, and lung disease, with a primary focus on studies of human infants, children, and adults. As a secondary goal, we also identify three key areas of future research and describe the benefits and challenges of longitudinal human studies using well-defined patient cohorts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA; John Rankin Laboratory of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA. Electronic address: mlbates@pediatrics.wisc.edu.
authors.forename: Melissa L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Bates
authors.forename: De-Ann M
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Pillers
authors.forename: Mari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Palta
authors.forename: Emily T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Farrell
authors.forename: Marlowe W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Eldridge
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001997:Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002648:Child; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007223:Infant; D012123:Pulmonary Ventilation / Q000502:physiology*; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology; D055397:Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*
keywords: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia; Exercise; Hypoxia; Premature infant; Sleep; Ventilatory control