title: Intraperitoneal inoculation of Haemophilus influenzae local isolates in BALB/c mice model in the presence and absence of virulence enhancement agents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Haemophilus influenzae (Hi), predominantly type b accounts for approximately 4% of cases of community-acquired and nosocomial meningitis, in adults. The objective of this study was to evaluate the pathogenicity of local Hi isolates (type b, f and non-typable) in BALB/c mice in the presence of virulence enhancement agents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three different concentrations of the Hi isolates were inoculated intraperitoneally in BALB/c mice in the presence of 2% hemoglobin and 4% mucin as virulence enhancing agents (VEA). The ability of the isolates to produce bacteremia, the percent survival and lethal dose (LD50) were recorded in different challenge groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 3 Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) isolates used in study were able to show virulence in BALB/c mice model only in the presence of VEA and their LD50 decreased significantly when 2% hemoglobin and 4% mucin were used. All survived animals showed bacteremia within 4 h of inoculation which was cleared within 18 h. Significant differences (P<0.01) in the virulence and survival percentage of Hib challenge groups were observed based on their dose of inoculation and VEA. None of the isolates were able to induce infection in the absence of VEA. Non-type b isolates failed to produce disease in the mice models even at the highest inoculated dose (10⁸ cfu) and in the presence of VEA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BALB/c mice appeared suitable for evaluating the virulence of Hib strains, and 2% hemoglobin with 4% mucin an appropriate concentration for inducing infection in this animal model.
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Department, Iran Reference Health Lab, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Milad National Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mojgani
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Maldjae
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rahbar
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Mirafzali
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khoshnood
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hatami
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006192:Haemophilus Infections / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D006193:Haemophilus influenzae / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009077:Mucins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014774:Virulence / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D009077:Mucins