title: In-vivo functional study on the involvement of CFTR, SLC26A6, NHE-1 and CA isoenzymes II and XII in uterine fluid pH, volume and electrolyte regulation in rats under different sex-steroid influence.
abstract: Precise control of uterine fluid pH, volume and electrolytes is important for the reproductive processes. In this study, we examined the functional involvement of multiple proteins including Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Regulator (CFTR), Cl(-)/HCO3 (-) exchanger (SLC26A6), sodium-hydrogen exchanger-1 (NHE-1) and carbonic anhydrase (CA) in the regulation of these uterine fluid parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult female WKY rats were divided into intact, non-ovariectomised at different oestrous cycle phases and ovariectomised treated with sex-steroids. Following oestrous phase identification or sex-steroid treatment, in-vivo uterine perfusion was performed with and without the presence of these inhibitors: glibenclamide, DIDS, ACTZ and EIPA. The pH, volume, Cl(-), HCO3 (-) and Na(+) concentrations of the perfusate from different groups were then analyzed. Meanwhile, the expression of CFTR, SLC26A6, NHE-1, CAII and CAXII was visualized by immunohistochemistry (IHC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Parallel increase in the pH, volume, Cl(-), HCO3 (-) and Na(+) concentrations was observed at estrus (Es), proestrus (Ps) and following 17β-oestradiol (E) treatment, which was inhibited by glibenclamide, DIDS and ACTZ while parallel reduction in these parameters was observed at diestrus (Ds) and following progesterone (P) treatment which was inhibited by ACTZ and EIPA. CFTR and SLC26A6 expression were up-regulated under E dominance, while NHE-1 expression was up-regulated under P dominance. Meanwhile, CA isoenzymes were expressed under both E and P influence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CFTR, SLC26A6 and CA were involved in mediating parallel increase in the uterine fluid volume, pH and electrolyte concentration under E while NHE and CA were involved in mediating the reduction of these parameters under P.
authors.affiliation: Dept of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Khadijeh
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gholami
authors.forename: Sekaran
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Muniandy
authors.forename: Naguib
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Salleh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017920:Antiporters / Q000378:metabolism*; D024402:Carbonic Anhydrase II / Q000378:metabolism; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases / Q000378:metabolism*; D019005:Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator / Q000378:metabolism*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology; D030762:Estrous Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D004971:Estrus / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005905:Glyburide / Q000494:pharmacology; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism*; D011359:Proestrus / Q000187:drug effects; D011374:Progesterone / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D011921:Rats, Inbred WKY; D017923:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers / Q000378:metabolism*; D000076988:Sulfate Transporters; D014599:Uterus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D017920:Antiporters; D007527:Isoenzymes; C579655:SLC26A6 protein, rat; D017923:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers; D000076988:Sulfate Transporters; C069139:growth factor-activatable Na-H exchanger NHE-1; D019005:Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol; D024402:Carbonic Anhydrase II; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases; D005905:Glyburide
keywords: CAII & XII; CFTR; NHE-1; SLC26A6; oestrous cycle.; sex-steroid; uterus