title: Minimally invasive periorbital rejuvenation.
abstract: Minimally invasive procedures have become increasingly popular over the last decade. In many cases, the use of neuromodulators and fillers has replaced surgical procedures. This article reviews the analysis and evaluation of the aesthetic patient presenting for periorbital rejuvenation. A layered approach is used, evaluating the skin, fat, muscle, and bone to determine which procedure is best suited for each patient. Volume enhancement with the use of fat and fillers and muscle manipulation with the use of neuromodulators are discussed. A brief summary of currently available skin-resurfacing techniques is also discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oculofacial Plastic Surgery, Jules Stein Eye Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA. hoenig@msn.com
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hoenig
authors.forename: Danya
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hoenig
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000473:pathology; D019882:Blepharoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D001763:Blepharoptosis / Q000209:etiology; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000145:classification / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002615:Chemexfoliation / Q000379:methods; D003357:Cosmetic Techniques / Q000009:adverse effects; D004172:Diplopia / Q000209:etiology; D005138:Eyebrows / Q000187:drug effects; D005143:Eyelids / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D005546:Forehead; D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007271:Injections, Intradermal; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D007641:Keratolytic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008487:Medical History Taking; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009915:Orbit / Q000473:pathology; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D018579:Patient Selection; D012060:Rejuvenation; D018570:Risk Assessment; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000473:pathology; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D007641:Keratolytic Agents; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D014212:Tretinoin; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A