title: Characterization of metabolites of 20(S)-protopanaxadiol in rats using ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry.
abstract: In this study, ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)/quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (QTOF-MS) was applied to the rapid analysis of 20(S)-protopanaxadiol (PPD) metabolites in rats after oral administration, enabling the structural characterization of 23 metabolites in plasma, bile, urine, and feces. 16 of these, including M1-M5, M9, and M11-M15, have not been previously reported. The results also indicated that demethylation, dehydration, dehydrogenation, oxidation, deoxidation, and glucuronidation were the major metabolic reactions of PPD in vivo. This study provides important information about the metabolism of PPD which will be helpful for fully understanding its mechanism of action. Furthermore, structural modiﬁcation of PPD in vivo may aid in obtaining new chemical derivatives for pharmacological screening.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Province Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, PR China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Song-Lin
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Zhen-hai
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Fen-xia
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Ying-jie
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Xiao-bin
authors.initials: XB
authors.lastname: Jia
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001646:Bile / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D005894:Panax / Q000737:chemistry*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012502:Sapogenins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D012502:Sapogenins; C062916:protopanaxadiol
keywords: 20(S)-Protopanaxadiol; Metabolites; Rat; UPLC/TOF-MS