title: In silico modeling: methods and applications to trauma and sepsis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To familiarize clinicians with advances in computational disease modeling applied to trauma and sepsis.
  
  
  METHODS
  PubMed search and review of relevant medical literature.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Definitions, key methods, and applications of computational modeling to trauma and sepsis are reviewed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Computational modeling of inflammation and organ dysfunction at the cellular, organ, whole-organism, and population levels has suggested a positive feedback cycle of inflammation → damage → inflammation that manifests via organ-specific inflammatory switching networks. This structure may manifest as multicompartment "tipping points" that drive multiple organ dysfunction. This process may be amenable to rational inflammation reprogramming.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. vodovotzy@upmc.edu
authors.forename: Yoram
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Vodovotz
authors.forename: Timothy R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Billiar
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation; D016638:Critical Illness; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008954:Models, Biological; D018805:Sepsis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D049490:Systems Biology; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology*