title: Determination of arsenic species in rice from Thailand and other Asian countries using simple extraction and HPLC-ICP-MS analysis.
abstract: Human exposure to arsenic (As) via rice consumption is of increasing concern. In the present study, the extraction and HPLC-ICP-MS analysis for As speciation in rice were investigated. A simple extraction with water and digestion with α-amylase followed by the analysis using ion-paring mode HPLC separation was developed. The method showed good extraction efficiencies (generally >80%) and column efficiencies (>90%) for rice samples. The optimization of mobile phase showed well separated peaks of As species. The limits of quantification (LOQ) of As(III), As(V), MMA, and DMA that were calculated based on sample mass were 1.6, 2.0, 2.0, and 1.6 μg kg(-1), respectively. A total of 185 rice samples (various types of rice) collected from different four regions in Thailand and some other Asian countries were analyzed. The total As and inorganic As in rice samples were in the ranges of 22.51-375.39 and 13.89-232.62 μg kg(-1), respectively. The estimated weekly intake of inorganic As from rice by Thai people accounted for 13.91-29.22% of the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI).
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pharmacology, Chulabhorn Research Institute (CRI), Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand.
authors.forename: Sumontha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nookabkaew
authors.forename: Nuchanart
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rangkadilok
authors.forename: Chulabhorn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mahidol
authors.forename: Gunlatida
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Promsuk
authors.forename: Jutamaad
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Satayavivad
mesh_terms: D001152:Arsenicals / Q000032:analysis*; D001208:Asia; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D011786:Quality Control; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry; D013785:Thailand
chemical_list: D001152:Arsenicals; D010936:Plant Extracts