title: Prevalence, clearance, and incidence of human papillomavirus type-specific infection at the anal and penile site of HIV-infected men.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We studied the type-specific infection of human papillomavirus (HPV) at the anal canal and penile site in a cohort of HIV-infected men.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prevalence, clearance, and incidence of specific HPV types in the anal canal and penis were determined in 733 HIV-infected men from the Spanish CAn Ruti HIV+ Men ([CARH•MEN]) cohort (538 men who have sex with men [MSM] and 195 heterosexual men).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In both groups, the most prevalent high-risk type was HPV-16 (anal canal [31.6% MSM; 6.8% heterosexual] and penis [4.8% MSM; 6.8% heterosexual]). The most prevalent low-risk type was HPV-6 (anal canal [23.2% MSM; 12.8% heterosexual], penis [8.1% MSM; 8.9% heterosexual]). Anal prevalence was significantly higher in MSM, as was incidence, except for HPV-16, which was similar between male groups (5.9 new cases per 1000 person-months [95% confidence interval, 4.3-7.9] in MSM; 4.4 [95% confidence interval, 2.5-7.2] in heterosexual men; P > 0.05). The anal clearance rate of the different HPV types and retention time of infection were similar in both groups, as well as the HPV infection of the penis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HIV-infected MSM had a high prevalence of HPV infection at the anal canal; however, heterosexual HIV-infected men were also at risk for acquiring and sustaining persistent high-risk HPV types at the anal and penile site and are at risk for developing dysplasia in the future. All HIV-infected men should be recommended for routinely anal HPV screening.
authors.affiliation: Lluita Contra La SIDA Foundation, Badalona, Spain. Laila.darwich@uab.cat
authors.forename: Laila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Darwich
authors.forename: Mari-Paz
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Cañadas
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Videla
authors.forename: Josep
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Coll
authors.forename: Rafael A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Molina-López
authors.forename: Guillem
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sirera
authors.forename: Bonaventura
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Clotet
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001004:Anus Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D001005:Anus Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D020010:Heterosexuality; D018451:Homosexuality, Male; D052162:Human papillomavirus 16; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D010409:Penile Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control