title: Optimization of confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope design.
abstract: Confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (cSLO) enables high-resolution and high-contrast imaging of the retina by employing spatial filtering for scattered light rejection. However, to obtain optimized image quality, one must design the cSLO around scanner technology limitations and minimize the effects of ocular aberrations and imaging artifacts. We describe a cSLO design methodology resulting in a simple, relatively inexpensive, and compact lens-based cSLO design optimized to balance resolution and throughput for a 20-deg field of view (FOV) with minimal imaging artifacts. We tested the imaging capabilities of our cSLO design with an experimental setup from which we obtained fast and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) retinal images. At lower FOVs, we were able to visualize parafoveal cone photoreceptors and nerve fiber bundles even without the use of adaptive optics. Through an experiment comparing our optimized cSLO design to a commercial cSLO system, we show that our design demonstrates a significant improvement in both image quality and resolution.
authors.affiliation: Duke University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA. fl20@duke.edu
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: LaRocca
authors.forename: Al-Hafeez
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Dhalla
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: Sina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Farsiu
authors.forename: Joseph A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Izatt
mesh_terms: D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D019721:Ophthalmoscopes; D009887:Ophthalmoscopy / Q000379:methods; D012160:Retina / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D059629:Signal-To-Noise Ratio