title: Efficacy of fish oil on serum of TNF α , IL-1 β , and IL-6 oxidative stress markers in multiple sclerosis treated with interferon beta-1b.
abstract: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease, which leads to focal plaques of demyelination and tissue injury in the central nervous system. Oxidative stress is also thought to promote tissue damage in multiple sclerosis. Current research findings suggest that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as eicosapenta-enoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) contained in fish oil may have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the efficacy of fish oil supplementation on serum proinflammatory cytokine levels, oxidative stress markers, and disease progression in MS. 50 patients with relapsing-remitting MS were enrolled. The experimental group received orally 4 g/day of fish oil for 12 months. The primary outcome was serum TNF α levels; secondary outcomes were IL-1 β 1b, IL-6, nitric oxide catabolites, lipoperoxides, progression on the expanded disability status scale (EDSS), and annualized relapses rate (ARR). Fish oil treatment decreased the serum levels of TNF α , IL-1 β , IL-6, and nitric oxide metabolites compared with placebo group (P ≤ 0.001). There was no significant difference in serum lipoperoxide levels during the study. No differences in EDSS and ARR were found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fish oil supplementation is highly effective in reducing the levels of cytokines and nitric oxide catabolites in patients with relapsing-remitting MS.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Mitocondria-Estrés Oxidativo & Patología, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Sierra Mojada 800, 44340 Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ramirez-Ramirez
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Macias-Islas
authors.forename: G G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Ortiz
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pacheco-Moises
authors.forename: E D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Torres-Sanchez
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Sorto-Gomez
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Cruz-Ramos
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Orozco-Aviña
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Celis de la Rosa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000068576:Interferon beta-1b; D016899:Interferon-beta / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000097:blood*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000068576:Interferon beta-1b; D016899:Interferon-beta