title: Breast-feeding initiation in women with pregestational diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine feeding practices and factors associated with breast-feeding initiation (BFI) in women with pregestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM) and their infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  In all, 392 PGDM (135 late preterm and 257 term) pregnancies were studied. Infant feeding preference was ascertained on admission.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After birth, 166 (42%) of the infants received well-baby care, whereas 226 (58%) were admitted to the newborn intensive care unit (NICU). Hypoglycemia (blood glucose <40 mg/dL), which occurred in 128 (33%) of all infants, did not influence BFI. Of 257 women who intended to BF, 55% initiated BF. Also, 5% of 105 women who intended to feed formula and 13% of the 30 undecided later initiated BF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The BFI rate for women with PGDM is remarkably low even among those who intended to BF. Factors associated with BFI failure in this population were primiparity, African American race, lower education, smoking, lack of intention to BF, and NICU admission.
authors.affiliation: 1The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Leandro
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cordero
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thung
authors.forename: Mark B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Landon
authors.forename: Craig A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Nankervis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001942:Breast Feeding / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D033182:Intention; D016015:Logistic Models; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011247:Pregnancy; D011254:Pregnancy in Diabetics; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
keywords: breast-feeding; diabetes; initiation; pregestational