title: Physical and chemical insults induce inflammation and gastrointestinal cancers.
abstract: Chronic inflammation associated with viral and bacterial infections of the gastrointestinal tract (GI) and liver renders these organs susceptible to tumour development. There is also a growing body of evidence demonstrating that chemical and physical insults promote GI cancers by inducing inflammation. For example, excessive alcohol consumption and tobacco smoking induces inflammation and gastrointestinal carcinogenesis. Likewise, drinking hot beverages and intentional or accidental exposure to toxic substances leads to inflammation and GI cancer formation. However, further work needs to be undertaken using animal models to separate the direct carcinogenic effects of physical and chemical insults from the indirect effects of these insults to promote tumor formation through tissue inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Storr Liver Unit, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney at Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia.
authors.forename: George S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.affiliation: Storr Liver Unit, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney at Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia. Electronic address: jacob.george@sydney.edu.au.
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: George
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D018450:Disease Progression; D005770:Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000150:complications*
keywords: Cancer; Chemical; Gastrointestinal; Inflammation; Physical