title: Food consumption, physical activity and socio-economic status related to BMI, waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio in adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the association between obesity and food group intakes, physical activity and socio-economic status in adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was carried out in 2008. Cole's cut-off points were used to categorize BMI. Abdominal obesity was defined by a waist circumference at or above the 90th percentile, as well as a waist-to-height ratio at or above 0·500. Diet was evaluated using an FFQ, and the food group consumption was categorized using sex-specific tertiles of each food group amount. Physical activity was assessed via a self-report questionnaire. Socio-economic status was assessed referring to parental education and employment status. Data were analysed separately for girls and boys and the associations among food consumption, physical activity, socio-economic status and BMI, waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio were evaluated using logistic regression analysis, adjusting the results for potential confounders.
  
  
  METHODS
  Public schools in the Azorean Archipelago, Portugal.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adolescents (n 1209) aged 15-18 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjustment, in boys, higher intake of ready-to-eat cereals was a negative predictor while vegetables were a positive predictor of overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity. Active boys had lower odds of abdominal obesity compared with inactive boys. Boys whose mother showed a low education level had higher odds of abdominal obesity compared with boys whose mother presented a high education level. Concerning girls, higher intake of sweets and pastries was a negative predictor of overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity. Girls in tertile 2 of milk intake had lower odds of abdominal obesity than those in tertile 1. Girls whose father had no relationship with employment displayed higher odds of abdominal obesity compared with girls whose father had high employment status.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have found that different measures of obesity have distinct associations with food group intakes, physical activity and socio-economic status.
authors.affiliation: 1Research Centre in Physical Activity,Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport,University of Porto,Rua Dr. Plácido Costa 91,4200.450 Porto,Portugal.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abreu
authors.affiliation: 1Research Centre in Physical Activity,Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport,University of Porto,Rua Dr. Plácido Costa 91,4200.450 Porto,Portugal.
authors.forename: Rute
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: 1Research Centre in Physical Activity,Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport,University of Porto,Rua Dr. Plácido Costa 91,4200.450 Porto,Portugal.
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Moreira
authors.affiliation: 1Research Centre in Physical Activity,Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport,University of Porto,Rua Dr. Plácido Costa 91,4200.450 Porto,Portugal.
authors.forename: Paula Clara
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: 1Research Centre in Physical Activity,Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport,University of Porto,Rua Dr. Plácido Costa 91,4200.450 Porto,Portugal.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mota
authors.affiliation: 1Research Centre in Physical Activity,Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport,University of Porto,Rua Dr. Plácido Costa 91,4200.450 Porto,Portugal.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Moreira
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D004522:Educational Status; D002149:Energy Intake; D015444:Exercise; D005220:Fathers; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers; D056128:Obesity, Abdominal / Q000209:etiology; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000209:etiology*; D012737:Sex Factors; D012923:Social Class; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055105:Waist Circumference; D065927:Waist-Height Ratio