title: Cross-cultural adaptation and validation for Portuguese (Brazilian) of the pictorial representation of illness and self measure instrument in orofacial pain patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To translate the Pictorial Representation of Illness and Self Measure (PRISM) instrument from German to Portuguese (Brazilian) and adapt it to the Brazilian cultural context, and then assess its reliability and validity in orofacial pain patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The PRISM was translated to Portuguese then back-translated to German. The translated PRISM was evaluated by a multidisciplinary committee and administered as a pre-test to 30 Portuguese-speaking orofacial pain patients. Psychometric properties were obtained after testing 116 orofacial pain patients. Validity was obtained through correlation analyses of scores obtained from PRISM and other psychometric tests, including the Numerical Pain Scale (NPS), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The adapted instrument showed high levels of reliability, proven by means of the test-retest procedure, and calculation of the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC = 0.991). Significant correlations were found between PRISM and the other tests. Correlation with NPS was moderate (-0.42), whereas correlations with ISI (-0.24), HAD-anxiety (-0.25), and HAD-depression (-0.22) were weak.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The cross-cultural adaptation process of PRISM was successful and the adapted version offers reliable and valid psychometric properties in the Brazilian context.
authors.affiliation: Sao Leopoldo Mandic Dental Research Center, Campinas, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alexandre César
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Lima-Verde
authors.forename: Daniel Humberto
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Pozza
authors.forename: Luciane Lacerda Franco Rocha
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.forename: Ana Miriam
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Velly
authors.forename: Antonio Sérgio
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Guimarães
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001938:Brazil; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D059026:Diagnostic Self Evaluation; D005157:Facial Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010781:Photography; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011581:Psychological Tests; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013315:Stress, Psychological