title: Localized increase of chemokines in the lumen of human cerebral aneurysms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Inflammation may play an important role in the formation and rupture of cerebral aneurysms. Chemokines act as chemoattractants for leukocytes directing them toward sites of tissue inflammation. The purpose of this study was to determine whether chemokines and chemoattractant cytokines were increased in the lumen of human cerebral aneurysms.
  
  
  METHODS
  The concentrations of chemokines and other inflammatory molecules in blood samples drawn from the lumen of human cerebral aneurysms of 16 consecutive patients (harboring 18 aneurysms) were compared with blood samples from the femoral arteries of the same patients. Three aneurysms had ruptured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean plasma concentration of regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), monokine-induced-by-γ-interferon (MIG), interferon-γ-induced protein-10 (IP-10), eotaxin, interleukin (IL) 8, and IL17 was significantly higher in samples taken from cerebral aneurysms compared with femoral arteries. In contrast, plasma concentrations of all remaining inflammatory molecules (except IL6) that were tested did not differ between cerebral aneurysms and femoral arteries. For unruptured aneurysms, there was a significantly higher mean plasma concentration of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 as well as RANTES, MIG, IP-10, eotaxin, IL8, and IL17 in samples obtained from cerebral aneurysms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High plasma concentrations of chemokines (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, RANTES, MIG, IP-10, and eotaxin) and chemoattractant cytokines (IL8 and IL17) were found in the lumen of human cerebral aneurysms. These findings suggest that there may be an active recruitment of inflammatory cells into the aneurysm wall that may be exploited therapeutically.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
authors.forename: Nohra
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chalouhi
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Points
authors.forename: Gary L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Pierce
authors.forename: Zuhair
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ballas
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jabbour
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hasan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017542:Aneurysm, Ruptured / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D002536:Cerebral Arteries / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018925:Chemokines / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D002532:Intracranial Aneurysm / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D018925:Chemokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators
keywords: aneurysm; chemokines; cytokines; inflammation