title: Severe recurrent rhabdomyolysis-induced acute kidney injury in a HIV-infected patient on antiretroviral therapy.
abstract: Antiretroviral medications, specifically tenofovir, have been linked to acute tubular necrosis in humans with a suggested mechanism of direct tubular injury. Rhabdomyolysis has rarely been described in patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). To the best of our knowledge, severe recurrent rhabdomyolysis-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) in a HIV-infected patient on two different triple antiretroviral regimens has not been reported. We present a HIV-positive patient who first developed heme pigment-induced oliguric AKI due to non-traumatic rhabdomyolysis, 5 days after initiation of triple antiretroviral therapy. Renal function normalized 2 months after discontinuation of antiretroviral therapy. Two weeks after reinitiating a different HAART regimen, our patient developed a recurrent episode of severe rhabdomyolysis-induced AKI. Both rhabdomyolysis and AKI resolved after discontinuation of the second antiretroviral regimen. First tenofovir and subsequently abacavir seem to be the likely culprits in our case. We also briefly discuss tenofovir nephrotoxicity followed by a literature review on rhabdomyolysis in HIV-infected patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Kidney Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, North Shore University Hospital and Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Great Neck, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Louis R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Spiegel
authors.forename: Peter B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Schrier
authors.forename: Hitesh H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Shah
mesh_terms: D000225:Adenine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000009:adverse effects; D015224:Dideoxynucleosides / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007683:Kidney Tubular Necrosis, Acute / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D063065:Organophosphonates / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012206:Rhabdomyolysis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000150:complications; D000068698:Tenofovir; D000099227:Abacavir
chemical_list: D000225:Adenine; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D015224:Dideoxynucleosides; D063065:Organophosphonates; D000068698:Tenofovir; D000099227:Abacavir