title: Acute neural effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors versus noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors on emotion processing: Implications for differential treatment efficacy.
abstract: Clinical research has demonstrated differential efficacy of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (NRIs), which may relate to differential acute effects these medications have on emotional brain processes. Here we present findings from a Multi-Level Kernel Density Analysis meta-analysis that integrates and contrasts activations from disparate fMRI studies in order to examine whether single dose SSRIs and NRIs have different effects on emotion processing tasks in healthy participants. Seven SSRI and four NRI studies were eligible for inclusion. SSRIs decreased amygdala responses, suggesting reduced emotional reactivity to emotional stimuli, whereas NRIs increased frontal and medial activation, suggesting increased emotion regulation. As hypothesised, an interaction of antidepressant and task type was found, such that SSRIs modulated amygdaloid-hippocampal, medial and frontal activity during both the presentation of faces and pictures, whereas NRIs only modulated the activation in medial and frontal regions during the presentation of pictures. Findings are interpreted within a novel model of the differential effects of SSRIs and NRIs on emotion processing.
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Psychiatry, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, NSW 2065, Australia; SCAN Research and Teaching Unit, School of Psychology, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Electronic address: tout1075@uni.sydney.edu.au.
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Outhred
authors.forename: Brittany E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Hawkshead
authors.forename: Tor D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Wager
authors.forename: Pritha
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: Gin S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Malhi
authors.forename: Andrew H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Kemp
mesh_terms: D018759:Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004644:Emotions / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018759:Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors; D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
keywords: Antidepressants; Emotion; Meta-analysis; Multi-Level Kernel Density Analysis; NRI; Noradrenalin; SSRI; Serotonin; fMRI