title: Expression profile of cytokine genes in Fugu monocytes stimulated with TLR agonists.
abstract: Monocytes are antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in mammals. Antigen presentation by monocytes via costimulatory molecules was recently confirmed in the Japanese pufferfish Fugu rubripes (also known as Takifugu rubripes) (Sugamata et al., 2009[1]). However, no detailed investigations examining how cytokine gene expression regulates the activation/differentiation of these cells have been conducted to date. Therefore, in this study, the expression of cytokine genes in Fugu monocytes stimulated with TLR agonists (LPS, polyI:C, and IMQ) was profiled. First, the morphological changes and phagocytic activity of stimulated monocytes were examined. At 5 days post-stimulation, the ratio of activated to inactivated monocytes increased (as determined by FCM analysis), and the phagocytic activity of the cells was higher (5-15%) than that of nonactivated cells. Analysis of cytokine gene expression in stimulated monocytes revealed that the genes encoding CSF-1b and IFN-γ are important cytokines in activation/differentiation of monocytes/macrophages, and that genes encoding inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, and TNF-α are upregulated by stimulation. The present study revealed the types of cytokines expressed in Fugu monocytes stimulated with TLR agonists.
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Agriculture and Engineering, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Korenaga
authors.forename: Ryusuke
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nagamine
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: Tomoya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kono
mesh_terms: D000634:Aminoquinolines / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D017951:Antigen Presentation; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D000077271:Imiquimod; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000235:genetics; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D012330:RNA, Double-Stranded / Q000494:pharmacology; D023741:Takifugu / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D051196:Toll-Like Receptor 3 / Q000819:agonists; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000819:agonists; D051199:Toll-Like Receptor 7 / Q000819:agonists; D059467:Transcriptome
chemical_list: D000634:Aminoquinolines; D016207:Cytokines; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D012330:RNA, Double-Stranded; D051196:Toll-Like Receptor 3; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D051199:Toll-Like Receptor 7; D000077271:Imiquimod
keywords: Altered morphology; Cytokine gene expression; Fugu rubripes; LPS; Monocytes; PCR; Phagocytic activity; RT; Stimulation with TLR agonists; lipopolysaccharide; polyI:C; polyinosinic–polycytidylic acid; polymerase chain reaction; qPCR; quantitative real-time PCR; reverse transcription