title: Continuous renal replacement therapy in children after cardiac surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to study the clinical course of children requiring continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) after cardiac surgery and to analyze the factors associated with mortality.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective observational study was performed that included all children requiring CRRT after cardiac surgery, comparing these patients with other critically ill children requiring CRRT. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the influence of each factor on mortality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-one (4.9%) of 1650 children undergoing cardiac surgery required CRRT; 65 of them (80.2%) presented multiorgan failure. Children starting CRRT after cardiac surgery had lower mean arterial pressure and lower urea and creatinine levels, and were more likely to require mechanical ventilation than other children on CRRT. The incidence of complications was similar. Cardiac surgery increased the probability of requiring CRRT for more than 14 days. Mortality was 43% in children receiving CRRT after cardiac surgery and 29% in other children (P = .05). Factors associated with mortality in the univariate analysis were age less than 12 months, weight less than 10 kg, higher Pediatric Risk of Mortality Score, hypotension, lower urea and creatinine on starting CRRT, and use of hemofiltration. In the multivariate analysis, the only factor associated with mortality was hypotension on starting CRRT (hazard ratio, 4.01; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-13.4; P = .024).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although only a small percentage of children undergoing cardiac surgery required CRRT, mortality in these patients was high. Hypotension at the time of starting the technique was the only factor associated with a higher mortality.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Intensive Care Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Maria José
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Santiago
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: López-Herce
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Urbano
authors.forename: Maria José
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Solana
authors.forename: Jimena
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: del Castillo
authors.forename: Amelia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sánchez
authors.forename: Jose María
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bellón
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D062186:Arterial Pressure; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000401:mortality; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016638:Critical Illness; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007022:Hypotension / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D009102:Multiple Organ Failure / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: 20; 41; ACT; AKI; CI; CRRT; HR; PELOD; PICU; PIM; PRISM; Pediatric Index of Mortality; Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction; Pediatric Risk of Mortality Score; activated clotting time; acute kidney injury; confidence interval; continuous renal replacement therapy; hazard ratio; pediatric intensive care unit