title: Apical and root canal space sealing abilities of resin and glass ionomer-based root canal obturation systems.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the apical sealing ability of glass ionomer and resin-based root canal obturation systems in comparison to a conventional vertical compaction of warm guttapercha.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-five extracted human teeth were randomly assigned into 3 groups of 15 each: a resin-based (EndoRez), a glass ionomer-based (Activ GP), and a conventional gutta-percha plus pulp sealer obturation system (GP/EWT). Apical and root canal space sealing abilities were assessed on five cross-sections 1.0 mm apart starting from the apex. Cross-section images were analysed using a focus-variation 3D scanning microscope and unsealed space was calculated as the percentage of total root canal space occupied by voids and debris.
  
  
  RESULTS
  EndoRez had significantly higher rate of apical leakage and deeper dye penetration as compared to GP/EWT and Activ GP. EndoRez group had also more voids and debris (22.5%) in the root canal spaces as compared to GP/EWT (10.5%) and Activ GP (10.8%). Apical leakages occurred not only along the root canal walls, but also along the gutta-percha cones with EndoRez as a result of significant polymerisation shrinkage of the resin sealer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Resin-based EndoRez did not form an adequate apical seal of filled root canals. Glass ionomer-based Activ GP was comparable to a vertical compaction of warm guttapercha plus EWT sealer in sealing root canal spaces.
authors.affiliation: University of Rochester Eastman Institute for Oral Health, Rochester, NY 14620, USA.
authors.forename: Kinga
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Royer
authors.forename: Xue Jun
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Malmstrom
authors.forename: Yan-Fang
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Ren
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D019412:Anatomy, Cross-Sectional; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003763:Dental Leakage / Q000145:classification; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D006171:Gutta-Percha / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D008422:Materials Testing; D008853:Microscopy / Q000379:methods; D058105:Polymerization; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D012389:Root Canal Obturation / Q000379:methods*; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D013499:Surface Properties; D019227:Tooth Apex / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D015035:Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003188:Composite Resins; C481259:EndoRez; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D019279:Resin Cements; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D015035:Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement; C528807:activ GP sealer; C076543:Kerr Pulp Canal Sealer; D006171:Gutta-Percha