title: High glucose level induces cardiovascular dysplasia during early embryo development.
abstract: The incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has increased dramatically amongst multiethnic population. However, how gestational diabetes mellitus damages the developing embryo is still unknown. In this study, we used yolk sac membrane (YSM) model to investigate angiogenesis in the developing chick embryo. We determined that in the presence of high glucose, it retarded the growth and extension of the embryonic vascular plexus and it also reduced the density of the vasculature in yolk sac membrane model. Using the same strategy, we used the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) as a model to investigate the influence of high glucose on the vasculature. We established that high glucose inhibited development of the blood vessel plexus and the blood vessels formed had a narrower diameter than control vessels. Concurrent with the abnormal angiogenesis, we also examined how it impacted cardiogenesis. We determined the myocardium in the right ventricle and left atrium were significantly thicker than the control and also there was a reduction in glycogen content in cardiomyocytes. The high glucose also induced excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the cardiomyocytes. We postulated that it was the excess reactive oxygen species that damaged the cardiomyocytes resulting in cardiac hyperplasia.
authors.affiliation: Division of Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Y-m
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: S-z
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Z-l
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chuai
authors.forename: G-s
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: K K H
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018376:Cardiovascular Abnormalities / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000196:embryology; D002642:Chick Embryo; D049033:Chorioallantoic Membrane / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000187:drug effects*; D005865:Gestational Age; D005947:Glucose / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology; D008954:Models, Biological; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D015017:Yolk Sac / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D005947:Glucose