title: The active natural anti-oxidant properties of chamomile, milk thistle, and halophilic bacterial components in human skin in vitro.
abstract: The number of skin cancers continues to rise, accounting for approximately 40% of all cancers reported in the United States and approximately 9,500 deaths per year. Studies have shown reactive oxygen species (ROS) type free radicals are linked to skin cancer and aging. Therefore, it is important for us to identify agents that have anti-oxidant properties to protect skin against free radical damage. The purpose of this research is to investigate the anti-oxidant properties of bisabolol, silymarin, and ectoin that are components from chamomile, milk thistle, and halophilic bacteria, respectively. We measured the ability of bisabolol, silymarin, and ectoin to modulate the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced upregulation of ROS free radicals in normal human skin fibroblasts in vitro. Using a flow cytometry-based assay, we demonstrated that varying concentrations of these natural components were able to inhibit upregulation of H2O2-generated free radicals in human skin fibroblasts in vitro. Our results indicate components of chamomile, milk thistle, and halophilic bacteria exhibit anti-oxidant capabilities and warrant further study in clinical trials to characterize their anti-cancer and anti-aging capabilities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mamalis
authors.forename: Duc-Huy
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Brody
authors.forename: Jared
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jagdeo
mesh_terms: D000599:Amino Acids, Diamino / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000737:chemistry; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D020843:Chamomile / Q000737:chemistry; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000633:toxicity; D020944:Silybum marianum / Q000737:chemistry; D000081222:Monocyclic Sesquiterpenes; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012838:Silymarin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000599:Amino Acids, Diamino; D000975:Antioxidants; D000081222:Monocyclic Sesquiterpenes; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; D012838:Silymarin; C004497:bisabolol; C045628:ectoine; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide