title: Gender differences in characteristics, management and outcome at discharge and three months after stroke in a national acute stroke registry.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The importance of gender as an independent risk factor for poor outcome is not clear. We examined gender differences in patients' characteristic, management and outcome at discharge and 3-months after acute stroke in a national hospital-based registry.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were derived from the triennial two-month national Acute Stroke Israeli Registry (Feb-March 2004, March-April 2007, April-May 2010). Unselected patients in all Israeli hospitals (n = 28) were included. Outcome at 3-month was assessed in a sub-sample. Logistic regression models were used in the study of gender as an independent risk factor for poor outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 5034 patients (88.5% ischemic stroke, 9.6% ICH and 1.9% undetermined stroke) were included, of them 2285 (45.4%) women. Follow-up at 3-month was completed for 1040 patients, 41.9% women. Women showed higher rates of cardiovascular risk factors in-hospital death (p = 0.007) and poor functional outcome (p < 0.0001). Following adjustment for age, prior disability, NIHSS, prior stroke and risk factors, risk estimates (ORs, 95%CI) for women compared to men were 0.72 (0.55-0.96) for in-hospital death, 1.03 (0.83-1.29) for discharge to a nursing home or death, and 1.01 (0.86-1.20) for disability. Poor outcomes at 3-month were significantly more common in women; however, adjusted risk estimates were not significantly increased: OR 0.95 (95%CI 0.50-1.81) for death at 3-months, 1.41 (0.99-2.01) for Barthel Index ≤ 60, 1.24 (0.90-1.72) for dependency and 0.88 (0.55-1.39) for living in a nursing home or death.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gender-differences in risk of death and poor functional outcome after stroke are mainly explained by dissimilarities in patients' characteristics and stroke severity.
authors.affiliation: The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. Electronic address: koton@post.tau.ac.il.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koton
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Telman
authors.forename: Itzhak
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kimiagar
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tanne
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019468:Disease Management; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007557:Israel / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010351:Patient Discharge / Q000639:trends*; D012042:Registries; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D020521:Stroke / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Gender; Mortality; National registry; Outcome; Sex; Stroke