title: Nursing students evaluation of problem based learning and the impact of culture on the learning process and outcomes: a pilot project.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluates students' learning experiences in a clinical pediatric nursing course adopting Problem Based Learning (PBL) and investigates how students' cultural background impacts on self directed learning.
  
  
  METHODS
  A mixed-methods approach combining quantitative and qualitative methods was utilized to answer the research objectives. An observational technique for the PBL teaching sessions was employed; and 226 third-year students were asked to complete PBL evaluation questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty seven percent (n = 130) responses to the questionnaire were analyzed. Overall, students considered PBL to be moderately effective in their learning experience, with a mean of 3.64 (S.D = 1.18). Students qualitative responses fell within four thematic categories including: developing cognitive abilities, independent learning, motivation to learn, and group learning. Difficulties encountered by students were: it is time-consuming, it has unclear objectives, it is a stressful process, and it results in an increased workload. A small number of students indicated that PBL tutorials were boring and complained about lack of contribution from instructors and limited recourses. Learning is intertwined with culture; students' previous educational experiences, uncertainty, English language proficiency, computer resources, gender, and achievement were identified as the most important cultural issues that impact the learning process and outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Successful implementation of PBL does not come easily; teachers should be alert to the issues of culture in designing curriculum.
authors.affiliation: Maternal, Child and Family Health Department, The Faculty of Nursing, The Hashemite University, P.O Box 150459, Zarqa 13115, Jordan. Electronic address: dr.manal_kloub@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Manal Ibrahim
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Al-Kloub
authors.affiliation: Maternal, Child and Family Health Department, The Faculty of Nursing, The Hashemite University, P.O Box 150459, Zarqa 13115, Jordan.
authors.forename: Taghreed Nayel
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Salameh
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Nursing & Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Erika Sivarajan
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Froelicher
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002982:Clinical Clerkship / Q000379:methods / Q000458:organization & administration*; D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D004506:Education, Nursing / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D006126:Group Processes; D006801:Humans; D007597:Jordan; D008297:Male; D010371:Pediatric Nursing / Q000193:education* / Q000379:methods; D010865:Pilot Projects; D018794:Problem-Based Learning / Q000379:methods* / Q000458:organization & administration; D015397:Program Evaluation; D036301:Qualitative Research; D013338:Students, Nursing / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Culture; Jordan; Nursing students; Problem-based learning