title: Distressed personality without a partner enhances the risk of depression in patients with coronary heart disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cultural differences in the combined effects of Type D personality and other mediating factors in the Asian population have not been reported. We examined the influence of the Type D personality in relation to the presence of a partner by measuring symptoms of anxiety and depression, quality of life, self-perception of health status in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients and normal controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Normal controls (n = 541) and patients with CHD (n = 110) were included. All participants completed self-report measures on Type D personality, questionnaires on socio-demographic factors, the Spielberger State and Trait Anxiety Inventory-State (STAI-S), and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). By stratifying participant group, personality type, and partner status, eight groups were constructed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The subjects with Type D personality showed higher mean scores on the STAI-S and CES-D as well as perception of their health. In cases of depression, CHD patients with Type D personality and without partner showed about a 50-fold increase in odds ratio when compared with non-Type D normal controls with partners. Odds ratio for depression changed from 31.44 to 48.72 in CHD patients with Type D personality based on the existence of a partner.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Having a partner significantly predicted the risk of depression. It is important to identify social support systems in CHD patients with Type D personality.
authors.affiliation: Korea University Cardiovascular Centre, Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hong Euy
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Moon-Soo
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Young-Hoon
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: Young-Min
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Changsu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Sook-Haeng
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Joe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology; D044466:Asian People / Q000523:psychology*; D001294:Attitude to Health; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D056911:Democratic People's Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017533:Marital Status / Q000208:ethnology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011788:Quality of Life; D012944:Social Support; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology; D064415:Type D Personality
keywords: Type D personality; coronary heart disease; depression; partner