title: A rapid method for the determination of artemisinin and its biosynthetic precursors in Artemisia annua L. crude extracts.
abstract: A rapid high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) tandem mass spectrometry (TQD) method for the determination of artemisinin, 9-epi-artemisinin, artemisitene, dihydroartemisinic acid, artemisinic acid and arteannuin B in Artemisia annua extracts is described. Detection and quantification of 9-epi-artemisinin in crude extracts are reported for the first time. In this method all six metabolites are resolved and eluted within 6 min with minimal sample preparation. A recovery of between 96.25% and 103.59% was obtained for all metabolites analysed and the standard curves were linear (r(2)>0.99) over the concentration range of 0.15-10 μg mL(-1) for artemisinin, 9-epi-artemisinin, artemisitene and arteannuin B, and the range of 3.75-120 μg mL(-1) for dihydroartemisinic acid and artemisinic acid. All validation indices were satisfactory, showing the method to be robust, quick, sensitive and adequate for a range of applications including high throughput (HTP) analysis.
authors.affiliation: School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Suberu
authors.forename: Lijiang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Slade
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Barker
authors.forename: Alexei A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Lapkin
mesh_terms: D031172:Artemisia annua / Q000737:chemistry*; D037621:Artemisinins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D037621:Artemisinins; D010936:Plant Extracts; C520462:dihydroartemisinic acid; C105118:artemisitene; C006634:arteannuin B; C047721:artemisic acid
keywords: 9-Epi-artemisinin; Artemisinin; Liquid chromatography; Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM); Tandem mass spectrometry