title: Long-term effect of dietary fibre intake on glycosylated haemoglobin A1c level and glycaemic control status among Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Dietary fibre has been linked to lower levels of glycosylated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) among diabetes patients. The present study aimed to evaluate the long-term effect of dietary fibre on HbA1c levels among Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two cross-sectional surveys were conducted in 2006 and 2011, with the second one being a repeat survey on a sub-sample from the initial one. In both surveys, an in-person interview was conducted to collect information on demographic characteristics and lifestyles following a similar protocol. Dietary intake was assessed with a validated FFQ. Anthropometric measures and biochemical assays were performed at the interview.
  
  
  METHODS
  Communities in Pudong New Area of Shanghai, China.
  
  
  METHODS
  Chinese patients (n 934) with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An inverse association was observed between dietary fibre and glycaemic status indicated by HbA1c level in both surveys, although it was significant only in the first survey. Among 497 patients participating in both surveys, dietary fibre intake at the first survey was inversely associated with uncontrolled glycaemic status at the second survey, with adjusted odds ratios across the tertiles of intake being 1·00, 0·72 (95 % CI 0·43, 1·21) and 0·58 (95 % CI 0·34, 0·99; P trend = 0·048). The change in fibre intake was slightly associated with glycaemic status, with each increase in tertile scores of intake linked to a 0·138 % (β = -0·138; 95 % CI -0·002, 0·278) decrease in HbA1c value and a 19 % (OR = 0·81; 95 % CI 0·65, 1·02) reduced risk of uncontrolled glycaemic status at the second survey.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dietary fibre may have a long-term beneficial effect on HbA1c level among Chinese diabetes patients.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Epidemiology,School of Public Health,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety,Ministry of Education,Fudan University,138 Yi Xue Yuan Road,Shanghai 200032, People's Republic ofChina.
authors.forename: Luxi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Epidemiology,School of Public Health,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety,Ministry of Education,Fudan University,138 Yi Xue Yuan Road,Shanghai 200032, People's Republic ofChina.
authors.forename: Le
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shu
authors.affiliation: 2Department of Chronic Disease Prevention,Pudong New Area Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,3039 Zhang Yang Road,Shanghai 200136, People's Republic ofChina.
authors.forename: Junyi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: 2Department of Chronic Disease Prevention,Pudong New Area Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,3039 Zhang Yang Road,Shanghai 200136, People's Republic ofChina.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Epidemiology,School of Public Health,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety,Ministry of Education,Fudan University,138 Yi Xue Yuan Road,Shanghai 200032, People's Republic ofChina.
authors.forename: Genming
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: 2Department of Chronic Disease Prevention,Pudong New Area Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,3039 Zhang Yang Road,Shanghai 200136, People's Republic ofChina.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Epidemiology,School of Public Health,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety,Ministry of Education,Fudan University,138 Yi Xue Yuan Road,Shanghai 200032, People's Republic ofChina.
authors.forename: Qingwu
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: 2Department of Chronic Disease Prevention,Pudong New Area Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,3039 Zhang Yang Road,Shanghai 200136, People's Republic ofChina.
authors.forename: Qiao
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: 3Department of Biostatistics,School of Public Health,Fudan University,Shanghai, People's Republic ofChina.
authors.forename: Guoyou
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: 2Department of Chronic Disease Prevention,Pudong New Area Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,3039 Zhang Yang Road,Shanghai 200136, People's Republic ofChina.
authors.forename: Hongyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: 2Department of Chronic Disease Prevention,Pudong New Area Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,3039 Zhang Yang Road,Shanghai 200136, People's Republic ofChina.
authors.forename: Liming
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: 2Department of Chronic Disease Prevention,Pudong New Area Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,3039 Zhang Yang Road,Shanghai 200136, People's Republic ofChina.
authors.forename: Xiaonan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ruan
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Epidemiology,School of Public Health,Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety,Ministry of Education,Fudan University,138 Yi Xue Yuan Road,Shanghai 200032, People's Republic ofChina.
authors.forename: Wang Hong
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D002681:China; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy*; D004032:Diet; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin