title: Helicobacter pylori infection associated with high HbA1c and type 2 diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although the association between chronic Helicobacter pylori infection and type 2 diabetes has been suggested, findings have been inconsistent. This study evaluated the association between chronic H. pylori infection and glucose regulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated H. pylori infection status of participants recruited from the gastroenterology clinic at our hospital. At baseline, we performed blood tests including fasting plasma glucose, insulin, glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and other biochemical measurements. Insulin resistance and beta-cell function were assessed by homoeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR and HOMA-B, respectively).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 2070 participants were recruited. Those who had H. pylori infections had higher serum HbA1c levels and lower HOMA-B than those who did not (5.78% vs. 5.69%, P = 0.01 and 53.85 + 38.43 vs. 60.64 + 43.40, P = 0.009, respectively). They also had a significantly higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes (8.97% vs. 5.57%, P= 0.02). Chronic H. pylori infection was significantly associated with high levels of HbA1c and type 2 diabetes in participants above 65 years old (P = 0.001) and decreased insulin secretion and sensitivity in those under 45 years (P = 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long-term H. pylori infection is significantly associated with high levels of HbA1c and decreased insulin secretion in this Chinese population. Proper screening for H. pylori infection combined with regular monitoring of blood glucose and HbA1c levels might be effective for the early detection of glucose dysregulation and prevention of type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ming-Chia
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.forename: Sophie S W
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yi-Ting
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.forename: Fu-Chen
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: Maw-Soan
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Soon
authors.forename: Deng-Chyang
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000517:prevention & control; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism*; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin
keywords: HbA1c; Helicobacter pylori infection; type 2 diabetes