title: Influence of sleep deprivation on expression of MKK4 and c-fos in the mandibular condylar cartilage of rats.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4 (MKK4) and c-fos in the mandibular condylar cartilage of rats that had been subjected to sleep deprivation. One hundred and twenty female Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups with 20 in each: sleep deprivation for 2 days, 4 days, 6 days, and 8 days, large-platform controls, and cage controls. After sleep deprivation by the modified multiple platform method the sleep-deprived rats were killed. The large-platform and cage control rats were killed at the same time as the rats deprived of sleep for 8 days. Haematoxylin and eosin were used to record the morphological changes in cartilage, and immunohistochemistry and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used to detect the expression of MKK4 and c-fos. Pathological alterations were apparent after 6 and 8 days of sleep deprivation. Compared with control groups, the expression of MKK4 in the sleep-deprived groups was lower, while that of c-fos was higher. As the duration of sleep deprivation increased, the expression of MKK4 decreased. These results indicate that the variation in expression of MKK4 and c-fos may be correlated with pathological changes induced by sleep deprivation in mandibular condylar cartilage in rats.
authors.affiliation: College of Stomatology, Shandong University, Number 44, Wen Hua Xi Lu, Jinan City, Shandong Province 250012, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Number 44, Wen Hua Xi Lu, Jinan City, Shandong Province 250012, China.
authors.forename: Jinlong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Gaoyi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Guoxiong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Peihuan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hongyu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Huaqiang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004396:Coloring Agents; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4 / Q000032:analysis*; D008335:Mandibular Condyle / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000032:analysis*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D013704:Temporomandibular Joint / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4
keywords: MKK4; Sleep deprivation; Temporomandibular disorder; c-fos