title: Progesterone luteal support after ovulation induction and intrauterine insemination: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of luteal phase P support after ovulation induction IUI.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic review and meta-analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Not applicable.
  
  
  METHODS
  Undergoing ovulation induction IUI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Any form of exogenous P in ovulation induction IUI cycles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical pregnancy and live birth.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five trials were identified that met inclusion criteria and comprised 1,298 patients undergoing 1,938 cycles. Clinical pregnancy (odds ratio [OR] 1.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.15-1.98) and live birth (OR 2.11, 95% CI 1.21-3.67) were more likely in P-supplemented patients. These findings persisted in analyses evaluating per IUI cycle, per patient, and first cycle only data. In subgroup analysis, patients receiving gonadotropins for ovulation induction had the most increase in clinical pregnancy with P support (OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.20-2.6). Conversely, patients receiving clomiphene citrate (CC) for ovulation induction showed no difference in clinical pregnancy with P support (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.47-1.67).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Progesterone luteal phase support may be of benefit to patients undergoing ovulation induction with gonadotropins in IUI cycles. Progesterone support did not benefit patients undergoing ovulation induction with CC, suggesting a potential difference in endogenous luteal phase function depending on the method of ovulation induction.
authors.affiliation: Program in Reproductive and Adult Endocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. Electronic address: hillmicah@mail.nih.gov.
authors.forename: Micah J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: Brian W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Whitcomb
authors.forename: Terrence D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: Mae
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Terry
authors.forename: Alan H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: DeCherney
authors.forename: Eric D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Levens
authors.forename: Anthony M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Propst
mesh_terms: D002996:Clomiphene / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005300:Fertility Agents, Female / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D007246:Infertility / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D007315:Insemination, Artificial; D050498:Live Birth; D008183:Luteal Phase / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010062:Ovulation Induction / Q000379:methods; D011247:Pregnancy; D018873:Pregnancy Rate; D011374:Progesterone / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D005300:Fertility Agents, Female; D002996:Clomiphene; D011374:Progesterone
keywords: Progesterone; intrauterine insemination; luteal support; ovulation induction