title: The effect of fatty acid positioning in dietary triacylglycerols and intake of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on bone mineral accretion in growing piglets.
abstract: Long-chain n-3 PUFA (LCPUFA) and palmitate (16:0) positioning in the triacylglycerol (TAG) of infant formula may affect calcium-uptake which could affect bone health. We investigated if a human milk fat substitute (HMFS) with a modified TAG structure holding 16:0 predominantly in the sn-2-position compared with a control (CONT) and if increasing n-3LCPUFA intake giving fish oil (FO) compared with sunflower oil (SO) would affect bone parameters in piglets in two sets of controlled 14d-interventions (n=12/group). We assessed this by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and ex vivo peripheral quantitative computed tomography and mechanical strength. Bone mineral content (BMC) was higher in the FO compared to the SO-group (p=0.03). Despite similar weight gain in HMFS- and CONT-groups, body fat accumulation was higher with HMFS (p<0.001), and BMC, bone area (BA) and cortical BA in femur were lower (p=0.002, p=0.005, and p=0.02, respectively), indicating importance of both n-3LCPUFA and 16:0 TAG-positioning in infant formulas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Exercise & Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Anders D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.forename: Stine E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Ludvig
authors.forename: Camilla T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Damsgaard
authors.forename: Pasi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pulkkinen
authors.forename: Mikko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Finnilä
authors.forename: Huiling
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mu
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Thymann
authors.forename: Kim F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Michaelsen
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mølgaard
authors.forename: Lotte
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lauritzen
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000818:Animals; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D005269:Femur / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D041943:Infant Formula / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D034421:Sus scrofa; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D014280:Triglycerides
keywords: BA; BMC; BMD; Bone health; CONT; DEXA; DHA; FO; Fish oil; Growth; HMFS; Human milk fat substitute; Infant formula; LCPUFA; NEFA; SO; TAG; bone area; bone mineral content; bone mineral density; control; docosahexaenoic acid; dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry; fish oil; human milk fat substitute; long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid; non-esterified fatty acid; pQCT; peripheral quantitative computed tomography; sunflower oil; triacylglycerol