title: Intra- and extracranial atherosclerotic disease in acute spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is little information about intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) and extracranial atherosclerotic disease (ECAD) in patients with acute spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the prevalence of and the factors that correlate with ICAD and ECAD in patients with ICH.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 274 patients with acute spontaneous ICH were enrolled. ICAD and ECAD (moderate to severe stenosis or occlusion) were mainly assessed by intracranial magnetic resonance angiography and carotid duplex sonography, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-one patients (19%) had ICAD or ECAD; 32 had ICAD, and 21 had ECAD. On multivariable analyses, age (OR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.06-2.28 for every 10 years), monocyte count (OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.02-1.87 for every 100/mm(3)), hemoglobin A1c (OR, 2.25; 95% CI, 1.08-5.15 for every 1%), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.08-1.42 for every 10mg/dL) were independently associated with ICAD. Age (OR, 2.20; 95% CI, 1.20-4.38 for 10 years) and dyslipidemia (OR, 3.95; 95% CI, 1.01-15.97) were independently associated with ECAD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ICAD and ECAD were detected in approximately one-fifth of patients with spontaneous ICH. Age and dyslipidemia (or lipid profile) were associated with both ICAD and ECAD. Monocyte count and hemoglobin A1c were associated with ICAD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka, Japan. sato.shoichiro.hp@ncvc.go.jp
authors.forename: Shoichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uehara
authors.forename: Mikito
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hayakawa
authors.forename: Kazuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagatsuka
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Minematsu
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Toyoda
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D002537:Intracranial Arteriosclerosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D059906:Neuroimaging; D012189:Retrospective Studies
keywords: Atherosclerosis; Dyslipidemia; Intracerebral hemorrhage; Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA); Monocyte count; Ultrasound