title: Border malaria associated with multidrug resistance on Thailand-Myanmar and Thailand-Cambodia borders: transmission dynamic, vulnerability, and surveillance.
abstract: This systematic review elaborates the concepts and impacts of border malaria, particularly on the emergence and spread of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax multidrug resistance (MDR) malaria on Thailand-Myanmar and Thailand-Cambodia borders. Border malaria encompasses any complex epidemiological settings of forest-related and forest fringe-related malaria, both regularly occurring in certain transmission areas and manifesting a trend of increased incidence in transmission prone areas along these borders, as the result of interconnections of human settlements and movement activities, cross-border population migrations, ecological changes, vector population dynamics, and multidrug resistance. For regional and global perspectives, this review analyzes and synthesizes the rationales pertaining to transmission dynamics and the vulnerabilities of border malaria that constrain surveillance and control of the world's most MDR falciparum and vivax malaria on these chaotic borders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, 420/1 Rajvithi Road, Rajthewee, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. adisak.bhu@mahidol.ac.th
authors.forename: Adisak
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bhumiratana
authors.forename: Apiradee
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Intarapuk
authors.forename: Prapa
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sorosjinda-Nunthawarasilp
authors.forename: Pannamas
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Maneekan
authors.forename: Surachart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koyadun
mesh_terms: D002160:Cambodia / Q000453:epidemiology; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple; D006801:Humans; D008288:Malaria / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000469:parasitology / Q000635:transmission*; D002052:Myanmar / Q000453:epidemiology; D011159:Population Surveillance; D013785:Thailand / Q000453:epidemiology