title: Physicochemical, pharmacologic, and in vitro cellular effects of loading collagen membranes with zoledronic acid.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is a need for improved methods of reducing peri-implant bone loss. This study evaluated the structural, drug loading, drug release, and in vitro characteristics of collagen membranes impregnated with zoledronic acid (ZA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Two commercially available collagen barrier membranes (Bio-Gide and BME-10X) were loaded with ZA. The physicochemical and pharmacologic properties of the membranes were characterized with scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and high-performance liquid chromatography. The ZA-loaded membrane's inhibition of osteoclasts and promotion of osteoblast growth was evaluated in vitro at ZA concentrations of 0, 10(-4), 10(-3), and 10(-2) mol/L.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The disappearance of micropores between Bio-Gide collagen fibers and the formation of crystalloids on the surface of BME-10X membranes following ZA loading was evident under the microscope. Phosphorus was detected on the membranes, and amide shifts were observed. Greater amounts of ZA loading and slower ZA release were evident for Bio-Gide membranes. Osteoclast numbers were reduced with ZA, and a corresponding decrease in bone resorption was evident at higher ZA concentrations (P < .05). After 7 days, at a ZA concentration of 10(-3) mol/L, Bio-Gide membranes had an increased osteoblast proliferation index, while both types of membranes displayed increased alkaline phosphatase expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Collagen membranes loaded with ZA provided delayed drug release. This study may offer a novel therapeutic strategy for minimizing peri-implant bone resorption.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: YanHua
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: JunJiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhai
authors.forename: Cai
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: MinHua
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ten
authors.forename: Ai
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000473:pathology*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D003094:Collagen / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000187:drug effects; D011817:Rabbits; D000077211:Zoledronic Acid
chemical_list: C106416:Bio-Gide; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D004164:Diphosphonates; D007093:Imidazoles; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D000077211:Zoledronic Acid; D003094:Collagen