title: Hes1 and Hes5 regulate vascular remodeling and arterial specification of endothelial cells in brain vascular development.
abstract: The vascular system is the first organ to form in the developing mammalian embryo. The Notch signaling pathway is an evolutionarily conserved signaling mechanism essential for proper embryonic development in almost all vertebrate organs. The analysis of targeted mouse mutants has demonstrated essential roles of the Notch signaling pathway in embryonic vascular development. However, Notch signaling-deficient mice have so far not been examined in detail in the head region. The bHLH genes Hes1 and Hes5 are essential effectors for Notch signaling, which regulate the maintenance of progenitor cells and the timing of their differentiation in various tissues and organs. Here, we report that endothelial-specific Hes1 and Hes5 mutant embryos exhibited defective vascular remodeling in the brain. In addition, arterial identity of endothelial cells was partially lost in the brain of these mutant mice. These data suggest that Hes1 and Hes5 regulate vascular remodeling and arterial fate specification of endothelial cells in the development of the brain. Hes1 and Hes5 represent critical transducers of Notch signals in brain vascular development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kitagawa
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hojo
authors.forename: Itaru
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Imayoshi
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: Mitsushige
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ando
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohtsuka
authors.forename: Ryoichiro
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kageyama
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics*; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000196:embryology; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D051379:Mice / Q000196:embryology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009024:Morphogenesis / Q000235:genetics; D009154:Mutation; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic; D051880:Receptors, Notch / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D000072056:Transcription Factor HES-1
chemical_list: D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D051880:Receptors, Notch; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D000072056:Transcription Factor HES-1; C489734:Hes1 protein, mouse; C489685:Hes5 protein, mouse
keywords: Arterial specification; Brain vascular development; Hes1; Hes5; Notch; Vascular remodeling