title: Analysis of non-polar heterocyclic aromatic amines in beefburguers by using microwave-assisted extraction and dispersive liquid-ionic liquid microextraction.
abstract: A new sample preparation procedure to determine six heterocyclic aromatic amines (3-Amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pirido[4,3-b]indole, 3-Amino-1-methyl-5H-pirido[4,3-b]indole, 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo-[4,5-b]pyridine, 2-amino-9H-pyrido-[2,3-b] indole, 2-amino-3-methyl-9H-pyrido-[2,3-b] indole and 2-Amino-1,6-dimethylimidazo [4,5-b]-pyridine) in cooked beefburguers by using a combination of microwave-assisted solvent extraction and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction with an ionic liquid generated in situ was used. The optimized microwave extraction procedure consisted of a clean-up step with n-heptane and a subsequent dissolution step in basic media to desorb the analytes from the matrix. Next, an aqueous solution of the ionic liquid 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluorborate and sodium hexafluorphosphate was added and a water-insoluble 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorphosphate was formed within the matrix sample. The amines were analyzed by liquid chromatography with fluorescence and diode-array detection by using a typical C18 column. Peak identities were confirmed by absorbance spectral matching. Repeatability (RSD%) between 5.4% and 10.9%, enrichment factors between 19 and 30, limits of detection between 0.35 and 2.4 ng mL(-1) and recoveries between 69% and 100% were achieved. The extraction methodology is simple, rapid (about 40 min/sample) cheap and green since small amounts of non-toxic solvents are necessary.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Separaciones Analíticas, División Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 47 y 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
authors.forename: Leidy B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Agudelo Mesa
authors.forename: Juan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Padró
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reta
mesh_terms: D000588:Amines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D059627:Liquid Phase Microextraction / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D008461:Meat Products / Q000032:analysis*; D008872:Microwaves
chemical_list: D000588:Amines
keywords: Beefburguer samples; Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction; Heterocyclic aromatic amines; Ionic liquids; Liquid chromatography; Microwave-assisted solvent extraction