title: Efficacy of alogliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, on glucose parameters, the activity of the advanced glycation end product (AGE) - receptor for AGE (RAGE) axis and albuminuria in Japanese type 2 diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To examine the effects of alogliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, on glucose parameters, the advanced glycation end product (AGE)-receptor for AGE (RAGE) axis and albuminuria in Japanese type 2 diabetes patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-one patients whose HbAlc  ≥ 6.1% (mean age 64.7 years; 67% men; mean HbAlc 7.4%; 57% were pharmacologically treated) underwent blood and urine sampling and analysis before and after 12 weeks of treatment with alogliptin (25 mg once daily).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Alogliptin treatment significantly reduced fasting glucose (160.3 mg/dL at baseline versus 138.0 mg/dL at 12 weeks), glycoalbumin (21.1% at baseline versus 18.9% at 12 weeks), HbAlc (7.4% at baseline versus 6.9% at 12 weeks), circulating soluble form of RAGE concentrations (847.3 pg/mL at baseline versus 791.4 pg/mL at 12 weeks) and urine albumin to creatinine ratio (31.6 mg/g Cr at baseline versus 26.5 mg/g Cr at 12 weeks), whereas 1,5-anhydroglucitol concentrations were significantly increased (7.5 µg/mL at baseline versus 11.6 µg/mL at 12 weeks; all P < 0.05). Circulating AGEs concentrations were reduced only in patients with baseline AGEs ≥7 U/mL (n = 33, from 8.2 U/mL to 7.2U /mL; p < 0.01) after alogliptin treatment. The treatment-induced change of soluble form of sRAGE concentrations was associated with changes of 1,5-anhydroglucitol and HbAlc concentrations (rho = -0.32 and 0.29, respectively). Meanwhile, the treatment-induced change of urine albumin to creatinine ratio was associated with a change in the fasting glucose concentration (rho = 0.25; all p < 0.05). During the intervention, alogliptin treatment was well tolerated without any hypoglycemia or side effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Alogliptin treatment improved the AGE-RAGE axis and reduced albuminuria in Japanese type 2 diabetes patients.
authors.affiliation: Circulatory and Body Fluid Regulation, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sakata
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hayakawa
authors.forename: Yuichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yano
authors.forename: Noboru
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tamaki
authors.forename: Naoto
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yokota
authors.forename: Takuma
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Eto
authors.forename: Reiko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Naoteru
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hirayama
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsuo
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kuroki
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sagara
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Mishima
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koga
authors.forename: Naoto
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.forename: Yuri
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishino
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kitamura
authors.forename: Kazuomi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kario
authors.forename: Masayoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.forename: Sho-ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamagishi
mesh_terms: D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism*; D054873:Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010880:Piperidines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D014498:Uracil / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D054873:Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D010880:Piperidines; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D014498:Uracil; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human; C520853:alogliptin
keywords: advanced glycation end products; albuminuria; alogliptin; receptor for advanced glycation end products; type 2 diabetes