title: Prevalence of hyperuricemia and its related risk factors in healthy adults from Northern and Northeastern Chinese provinces.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hyperuricemia (HUA) is a potential risk factor for developing insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, we studied the prevalence of HUA and associated risk factors in the population of two provinces in northern China.
  
  
  METHODS
  Based on the research of Chinese Physiological Constant and Health Conditions conducted in 2008-2010, we enrolled 29,639 subjects in a randomized, stratified study in four sampling areas in Heilongjiang Province and the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. We collected 13,140 serum samples to determine biochemical indicators including uric acid(UA), glucose, blood lipids, liver function, and renal function, and finally a representative sample of 8439 aged 18 years and older was determined. We also defined and stratified HUA, hypertension, diabetes, obesity and lipid abnormalities according to international guidelines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significant differences in the UA levels between different genders and regions. The total prevalence of HUA is 13.7%. Men had a higher prevalence of HUA than women (21% vs. 7.9%; P < 0.0001). As age increased, HUA prevalence decreased in men but rose in women. The suburbs of big cities had the highest HUA prevalence (18.7%), and in high-prevalence areas the proportion of women with HUA also increased. A stepwise logistic regression model was used to filter out twelve HUA risk factors, including age, gender, residence, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, impaired fasting glucose, hypertension, obesity, abdominal obesity, CKD, drinking and sleeping. After adjusting for these factors, the odds ratio of HUA was 1.92 times higher in men than in women. Compared with agricultural and pastoral areas, the odds ratio of having HUA was 2.14 for participants in the suburbs of big cities and 1.57 in the center of big cities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of HUA is high in northern China. The differences in HUA prevalence by geographic region suggested that unbalanced economic development and health education, therefore HUA prevention measures should be strengthened to improve quality of life and reduce health care costs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, China. lingqiubj@yahoo.com.cn.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.forename: Xin-qi
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Jun-ting
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Hai-tao
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Yan-hong
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Zeng-mei
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.forename: Ya-jing
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hui-juan
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Guang-jin
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D033461:Hyperuricemia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult