title: Health disparities from economic burden of diabetes in middle-income countries: evidence from México.
abstract: The rapid growth of diabetes in middle-income countries is generating disparities in global health. In this context we conducted a study to quantify the health disparities from the economic burden of diabetes in México. Evaluative research based on a longitudinal design, using cost methodology by instrumentation. For the estimation of epidemiological changes during the 2010-2012 period, several probabilistic models were developed using the Box-Jenkins technique. The financial requirements were obtained from expected case management costs by disease and the application of an econometric adjustment factor to control the effects of inflation. Comparing the economic impact in 2010 versus 2012 (p<0.05), there was a 33% increase in financial requirements. The total amount for diabetes in 2011 (US dollars) was $7.7 billion. It includes $3.4 billion in direct costs and $4.3 in indirect costs. The total direct costs were $.4 billion to the Ministry of Health (SSA), serving the uninsured population; $1.2 to the institutions serving the insured population (Mexican Institute for Social Security-IMSS-, and Institute for Social Security and Services for State Workers-ISSSTE-); $1.8 to users; and $.1 to Private Health Insurance (PHI). If the risk factors and the different health care models remain as they currently are in the analyzed institutions, health disparities in terms of financial implications will have the greatest impact on users' pockets. In middle-income countries, health disparities generated by the economic burden of diabetes is one of the main reasons for catastrophic health expenditure. Health disparities generated by the economic burden of diabetes suggests the need to design and review the current organization of health systems and the relevance of moving from biomedical models and curative health care to preventive and socio-medical models to meet expected challenges from diseases like diabetes in middle-income countries.
authors.affiliation: Research Center on Health System, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México. armando.arredondo@insp.mx
authors.forename: Armando
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arredondo
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Reyes
mesh_terms: D017281:Cost of Illness; D003906:Developing Countries / Q000191:economics*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D017048:Health Care Costs; D054625:Healthcare Disparities / Q000191:economics*; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D007348:Insurance, Health / Q000191:economics; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology