title: [Development of Western Hospitals in Shanghai in modern times-study of hospitals affiliated to the Municipal Council].
abstract: The first western hospital, Renji Hospital, was set up in Shanghai in 1844. Until 1943, 72 western hospitals were founded in public concession and among them 14 were affiliated to the Municipal Council. The establishment of Municipal Council affiliated hospitals marked the beginning of the Municipal Council offering service to the public. Apart from of Municipal Council affiliated hospitals, there were also western hospitals in the public concession created by social societies or individuals. The appearance of western hospitals promoted the change of object where people sought medical service, and embodied people's increased need of western medicine, which promoted the systemization of western medicine in China to some extent.
authors.affiliation: History Department of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yan