title: Medium to long term results following single stage Snodgrass hypospadias repair.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Snodgrass technique for primary hypospadias repair was described in 1994 and involves dorsal incision and tubularisation of the urethral plate distal to the meatus. While the advantages of good short-term outcome and good cosmesis have been reported, there is little data on long-term results in patients who have undergone a Snodgrass repair as a primary procedure for hypospadias. Our aim is to retrospectively review our medium to long-term results of primary tubularised incised-plate urethroplasty for hypospadias repair over a two-year period with up to eight-year follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a case note review of 74 patients who had undergone single-stage Snodgrass hypospadias repair, performed by a single surgeon (AB), from April 2000 to January 2003.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean documented follow up was 56 months (3-103 months). The mean age of patients at time of surgery was three and a half years. 95% (70) of patients had a distal (glanular, coronal, sub-coronal, distal shaft) meatus and 5% (4) had a proximal (mid-shaft) meatus. The overall complication rate was 7% (5). Two patients developed fistulae, which was noted and repaired at six months post-op with no further surgical intervention required. One patient underwent an EUA and meatal advancement glansplasty at 6 months for mild glanular dehiscence. Two further patients required EUA and dilatation procedures at two and three years respectively, both for mild meatal stenosis. Again, no further intervention was required. From a cosmetic perspective, two patients were noted to have some residual bulkiness of the skin around the corona and a further two patients were noted to have a small meatus, but with no functional symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study has shown a low long-term complication rate in patients undergoing Snodgrass repair as a primary procedure for distal and midshaft hypospadias repair. This supports the results of earlier studies that have shown good functional and cosmetic outcome in the short-term for this procedure which persists into the medium/long term.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Birmingham Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK. Electronic address: riffataslam@nhs.net.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Aslam
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wharton
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bracka
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014521:Urethra / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D014548:Urinary Fistula / Q000209:etiology*
keywords: Hypospadias; Outcomes; Snodgrass; Surgery