title: Comparative protective effect of hawthorn berry hydroalcoholic extract, atorvastatin, and mesalamine on experimentally induced colitis in rats.
abstract: The protective effect of hydroalcoholic extract of hawthorn berries (HBE) on acetic acid (AA)-induced colitis in rats was investigated. Forty-two Wistar rats were divided into seven groups, including control and test groups (n=6). The control animals received saline, and the test animals were treated with saline (sham group), mesalamine (50 mg/kg; M group), atorvastatin (20 mg/kg; A group), HBE (100 mg/kg; H group), mesalamine and HBE (HM group), or atorvastatin plus HBE (HA group), 3 days before and a week after colitis induction. Colitis was induced by administration of 1 mL AA (4%) via a polyethylene catheter intrarectally. High-performance liquid chromatography analyses showed that HBE contained 0.13% and 0.5% oleanolic acid and ursolic acid, respectively. Elevated myeloperoxidase activity and lipid peroxidation were attenuated in the HA group. The H and HM groups showed marked reductions in colitis-induced decreases in total thiol molecules and body weight. The histopathological studies revealed that HBE decreased colitis-induced edema and infiltration of neutrophils. Our data suggest the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of HBE and atorvastatin protect against AA-induced colitis. The anti-inflammatory effect of HBE may be attributable to its ability to decrease myeloperoxidase activity as a biomarker of neutrophil infiltration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran. hassanmalekinejad@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Malekinejad
authors.forename: Vahid
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Shafie-Irannejad
authors.forename: Rahim
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hobbenaghi
authors.forename: Seyed Hamed
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Tabatabaie
authors.forename: Seyed-Mehdi
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Moshtaghion
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000069059:Atorvastatin; D003092:Colitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D027825:Crataegus / Q000737:chemistry*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D006538:Heptanoic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D019804:Mesalamine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D006538:Heptanoic Acids; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011758:Pyrroles; D019804:Mesalamine; D000069059:Atorvastatin