title: Regulation of protein function and signaling by reversible cysteine S-nitrosylation.
abstract: NO is a versatile free radical that mediates numerous biological functions within every major organ system. A molecular pathway by which NO accomplishes functional diversity is the selective modification of protein cysteine residues to form S-nitrosocysteine. This post-translational modification, S-nitrosylation, impacts protein function, stability, and location. Despite considerable advances with individual proteins, the in vivo biological chemistry, the structural elements that govern the selective S-nitrosylation of cysteine residues, and the potential overlap with other redox modifications are unknown. In this minireview, we explore the functional features of S-nitrosylation at the proteome level and the structural diversity of endogenously modified residues, and we discuss the potential overlap and complementation that may exist with other cysteine modifications.
authors.affiliation: From the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute and Departments of Pediatrics and Pharmacology, Raymond and Ruth Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104.
authors.forename: Neal
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gould
authors.forename: Paschalis-Thomas
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Doulias
authors.forename: Margarita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tenopoulou
authors.forename: Karthik
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Raju
authors.forename: Harry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ischiropoulos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003545:Cysteine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000737:chemistry; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000737:chemistry; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods; D026403:S-Nitrosothiols / Q000737:chemistry*; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D011506:Proteins; D026403:S-Nitrosothiols; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C021315:S-nitrosocysteine; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D003545:Cysteine; D009584:Nitrogen
keywords: Nitric Oxide; Nitric-oxide Synthase; Nitrosylation; Post-translational Modification; Protein Chemistry; Proteomics; S-Nitrosocysteine; S-Nitrosothiols