title: Use of factor analysis models to evaluate measurement invariance property of the Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To demonstrate the assessment of measurement invariance property in a health status instrument and to increase the awareness of its importance, we evaluate the measurement invariance of the Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ) across age and gender subgroups.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data are obtained from children 7-12 years of age at entry into a randomized trial, which evaluates the effect of a telephone coaching program on improving asthma outcome. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis is used to assess the comparability of factor loadings and intercepts across age and gender subgroups. Since age is a continuous variable, two different categorizations (7-10 vs 11-12 and 7-9 vs 10-12) are analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The factor loadings and intercepts of all six items in ACQ are comparable across gender subgroups. Although the factor loadings are comparable across age 7-10 and 11-12 subgroups, one intercept is statistically but not practically different. For age 7-9 versus 10-12 subgroup comparison, the factor loadings are not comparable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In children, the ACQ can be used to compare asthma control construct between boys and girls and between age 7-10 and 11-12 subgroups. Measurement invariance is an important property that should be examined when the latent construct(s) are compared across different subgroups.
authors.affiliation: Washington University Medical School, St Louis, MO, USA, yany@wudosis.wustl.edu.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Strunk
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Garbutt
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D001249:Asthma / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D002648:Child; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015233:Models, Statistical; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires