title: Peptidylarginine deiminases in citrullination, gene regulation, health and pathogenesis.
abstract: Peptidylarginine deiminases are a family of enzymes that mediate post-translational modifications of protein arginine residues by deimination or demethylimination to produce citrulline. In vitro, the activity of PADs is dependent on calcium and reductive reagents carrying a free sulfhydryl group. The discovery that PAD4 can target both arginine and methyl-arginine for citrullination about 10years ago renewed our interest in studying this family of enzymes in gene regulation and their physiological functions. The deregulation of PADs is involved in the etiology of multiple human diseases, including cancers and autoimmune disorders. There is a growing effort to develop isoform specific PAD inhibitors for disease treatment. However, the regulation of the activity of PADs in vivo remains largely elusive, and we expect that much will be learned about the role of these enzymes in a normal life cycle and under pathology conditions.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802 USA; Center for Eukaryotic Gene Regulation, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802 USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802 USA.
authors.forename: Shu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yanming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology*; D002956:Citrulline / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D006867:Hydrolases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D000076342:Protein-Arginine Deiminases
chemical_list: D002956:Citrulline; D006867:Hydrolases; D000076342:Protein-Arginine Deiminases
keywords: Autoimmunity; Cancer; Gene regulation; Histone; Peptidylarginine deiminase