title: Periodontal status among tobacco users in Karnataka, India.
abstract: A cross-sectional study was designed to assess the prevalence of periodontal diseases among tobacco and non-tobacco users. A total of 2,156 dentate subjects were selected in the age group of 35-44 years through multi-stage sampling method. A total of 350 and 175 subjects were selected from household survey from each district in rural and urban areas. Subjects were interviewed for the tobacco usage status, followed by clinical assessment of periodontal status. Prevalence of calculus, periodontal pockets of 4-5 mm depth and loss of attachment of 0-3 mm and 4-5 mm was significantly more frequent among current tobacco users. The subject with smoking and chewing tobacco has an odds ratio (OR) 1.6 (95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.14-2.31) and OR 1.7 (95% CI 1.38-2.28) respectively. The findings contribute to the evidence of smoking as a risk factor for periodontal disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Dentistry, Amrita School of Dentistry, Edapally, Cochin, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: Shamaz
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mohamed
authors.forename: Chandrashekar
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Janakiram
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003728:Dental Calculus / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D009909:Oral Health; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012424:Rural Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014030:Tobacco, Smokeless; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*