title: Effect of spine fellow training on operative outcomes, affirming graduated responsibility.
abstract: METHODS
  Retrospective review of prospectively collected surgical data.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study sought to determine the effect of fellow education during the course of the academic year (August-July) on surgical outcomes in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. One surgeon and one type of surgery were chosen to minimize confounding factors.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Educating and training the next generation of physicians and surgeons is necessary for the survival and continuation of medical care. There has been recent momentum to document scientifically that medical education is safe. Spine surgery is complex and demanding, with a steep learning curve, making it an ideal model to detect any potential negative impact of medical education.
  
  
  METHODS
  
  
  
  METHODS
  adolescent patients undergoing posterior spinal surgery, between August 2007 and July 2010, by a single senior surgeon at one institution with a fellow as the only surgical assistant. Demographic and perioperative data were collected and then segmented by surgical date into quarters according to the rotations of the academic year. One fellow was included in each quarter during the 4 years, resulting in 16 fellows across the 4 quarters. An analysis of variance model was used to assess differences in operative time, blood loss, length of stay, and complications between the quarters of the year.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences between the groups regarding age, sex, or Lenke curve type. No statistically significant differences were found between the 4 quarters of the fellowship year for estimated blood loss, use of cell saver, length of stay, operative time, and complication rate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study is the first to show that fellow education during the course of the academic year did not impact the patient outcomes studied. It is clear that while there is significant academic benefit for the fellows as they complete their spine fellowship, there is no negative impact for patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  4.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University, Hospital for Joint Diseases, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Baron S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Lonner
authors.forename: Courtney S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Toombs
authors.forename: Qusai
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Hammouri
authors.forename: Jamie S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Terran
authors.forename: Raj J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Karia
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Errico
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002983:Clinical Competence; D004503:Education, Medical, Graduate; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D008297:Male; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012600:Scoliosis / Q000601:surgery*; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000379:methods*