title: Abrasion and fatigue resistance of PDMS containing multiblock polyurethanes after accelerated water exposure at elevated temperature.
abstract: Segmented polyurethane multiblock polymers containing polydimethylsiloxane and polyether soft segments form tough and easily processed thermoplastic elastomers (PDMS-urethanes). Two commercially available examples, PurSil 35 (denoted as P35) and Elast-Eon E2A (denoted as E2A), were evaluated for abrasion and fatigue resistance after immersion in 85 °C buffered water for up to 80 weeks. We previously reported that water exposure in these experiments resulted in a molar mass reduction, where the kinetics of the hydrolysis reaction is supported by a straight forward Arrhenius analysis over a range of accelerated temperatures (37-85 °C). We also showed that the ultimate tensile properties of P35 and E2A were significantly compromised when the molar mass was reduced. Here, we show that the reduction in molar mass also correlated with a reduction in both the abrasion and fatigue resistance. The instantaneous wear rate of both P35 and E2A, when exposed to the reciprocating motion of an ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) jacketed cable, increased with the inverse of the number averaged molar mass (1/Mn). Both materials showed a change in the wear surface when the number-averaged molar mass was reduced to ≈ 16 kg/mole, where a smooth wear surface transitioned to a 'spalling-like' pattern, leaving the wear surface with ≈ 0.3 mm cracks that propagated beyond the contact surface. The fatigue crack growth rate for P35 and E2A also increased in proportion to 1/Mn, after the molar mass was reduced below a critical value of ≈30 kg/mole. Interestingly, this critical molar mass coincided with that at which the single cycle stress-strain response changed from strain hardening to strain softening. The changes in both abrasion and fatigue resistance, key predictors for long term reliability of cardiac leads, after exposure of this class of PDMS-urethanes to water suggests that these materials are susceptible to mechanical compromise in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Medtronic Incorporated, Minneapolis, MN 55432, USA. kim.chaffin@medtronic.com
authors.forename: Kimberly A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Chaffin
authors.forename: Charles L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Adam K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Himes
authors.forename: James W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Dawson
authors.forename: Tarek D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Haddad
authors.forename: Adam J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Buckalew
authors.forename: Jennifer P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Darrel F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Untereker
authors.forename: Narendra K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Simha
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D006868:Hydrolysis; D008422:Materials Testing; D011140:Polyurethanes / Q000737:chemistry*; D013696:Temperature; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D011140:Polyurethanes; D014867:Water
keywords: Abrasion; Elast-Eon E2A; Fatigue; Hydrolysis; PDMS-urethanes; PurSil 35