title: Racial differences in the incidence and clearance of human papilloma virus (HPV): the HPV in men (HIM) study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This analysis assessed the acquisition (incidence) and persistence (clearance) of human papilloma virus (HPV) infection by self-reported race among men in The HPV in Men (HIM) Study, a multinational prospective study of the natural history of genital HPV infections.
  
  
  METHODS
  Self-reported race was categorized as White, Black, Asian/Pacific Islander (PI), or multiple and mixed race. Genital samples were combined for HPV DNA testing and categorized by any, oncogenic, and non-oncogenic HPV infections.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Asian/PI race had significantly the lowest incidence of any, oncogenic, and non-oncogenic HPV infection (P < 0.001). In multivariable analyses, Asian/PI race was associated with a lower probability of acquiring any [HR = 0.63; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.42-0.95] and non-oncogenic HPV infection (HR = 0.61; 95% CI, 0.40-0.93) when compared to Whites. No significant associations were evident for Asian/PI race for clearance. Multiple and mixed race was significantly associated with lower probability of acquiring non-oncogenic HPV infection (HR = 0.83; 95% CI, 0.69-0.99) and borderline significant associations were observed for any HPV (HR = 0.91) and oncogenic infections (HR = 0.92). Multiple and mixed race was associated with a lower probability of clearing any (HR = 0.92; 95% CI, 0.84-1.00) and oncogenic HPV infections (HR = 0.85; 95% CI, 0.75-0.95).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Asian/PI race had the lowest incidence of HPV and exhibited a lower probability of acquiring new HPV infections. Multiple and mixed race had the second lowest incidence of infection and was associated with a lower probability of acquiring and clearing an HPV infection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Race-specific differences in HPV infection could be due to behavior, innate genetic differences, or circulating intratypic HPV variants.
authors.affiliation: Authors' Affiliations: Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Center for Infection Research in Cancer (CIRC); Department of Biostatistics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública; and Instituto Mexicano del Segurio Social, Cuernavaca, Mexico.
authors.forename: Matthew B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Schabath
authors.forename: Luisa L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Villa
authors.forename: Hui-Yi
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Fulp
authors.forename: Gabriel O
authors.initials: GO
authors.lastname: Akogbe
authors.forename: Martha E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Abrahamsen
authors.forename: Mary R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Papenfuss
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lazcano-Ponce
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Salmerón
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Quiterio
authors.forename: Anna R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Giuliano
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D005431:Florida / Q000453:epidemiology; D005832:Genital Diseases, Male / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000821:virology; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000821:virology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult