title: Spermatozoa concentration influences cryopreservation success in sea trout (Salmo trutta m. trutta L.).
abstract: Variation among individuals is substantial for spermatozoa concentration in fresh milt in sea trout (Salmo trutta m. trutta L.). The objective of the present study was to examine effects of spermatozoa concentration in this species on subsequent cryopreservation success. Milt with high spermatozoa concentration was diluted with seminal plasma to obtain concentrations ranging between 6 and 24 × 10(9) mL(-1) with steps of 2 × 10(9) mL(-1). Diluted milts were cryopreserved in 0.25-mL straws with extender (0.3 M glucose) containing 10% methanol and 10 % (vol/vol) supplement of hen egg yolk. The dilution ratio was 1:3 (milt:cryomedium). Cryopreservation efficacies were assessed according to evaluation of motility of frozen/thawed spermatozoa and quantification of fertilizing ability. Percentage of motility of frozen/thawed spermatozoa was influenced by spermatozoa concentration in the cryomedium (P < 0.05). The highest motility was observed in samples with 3.0 to 4.0 × 10(9) spermatozoa per mL of cryomedium, which corresponds to 12 to 16 × 10(9) spermatozoa per mL in fresh milt. Higher sperm concentrations and lower sperm concentrations in cryomedium reduced the effectiveness of cryopreservation when compared with the optimum. Cryopreservation success measured according to fertilization rate was in agreement with results for motility of frozen/thawed spermatozoa, but the optimum could not be determined with statistical precision because of differences in fertilization rate among individual donor males. However, a significant positive correlation was found between postthaw motility and fertilization rate and between cryopreserved spermatozoa velocity and fertilization rate (P < 0.05). In sea trout, cryopreservation efficiency is influenced by spermatozoa concentration in cryomedium. Individual adjustment of the dilution ratio, based on initial spermatozoa density, is recommended in the freezing protocol. Maximum cryoresistance of the cell was obtained when spermatozoa concentration in cryomedium ranged from 3.0 to 4.0 × 10(9) mL(-1).
authors.affiliation: Department of General Zoology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland. katarzyna.dziewulska@op.pl
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dziewulska
authors.forename: Józef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Domagała
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D012662:Semen Preservation / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D013076:Sperm Count / Q000662:veterinary; D013081:Sperm Motility / Q000187:drug effects; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000166:cytology*; D014337:Trout
chemical_list: D003451:Cryoprotective Agents
keywords: CASA; Cryopreservation; Methanol; Salmo trutta