title: A novel noninvasive and simple method for assessment of endothelial function: enclosed zone flow-mediated vasodilation (ezFMD) using an oscillation amplitude measurement.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is clinically important to estimate the degree of endothelial dysfunction. Several methods have been used to assess endothelial function in humans. Recently, we developed a new noninvasive method for measurement of vascular response to reactive hyperemia in the brachial artery, named enclosed zone flow-mediated vasodilation (ezFMD). The purpose of this study was to determine the validity of ezFMD for assessment of endothelial function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We measured ezFMD by a new device using an oscillometric method and conventional FMD using ultrasonography in 306 subjects, including patients with hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus (218 men and 88 women, 30 ± 16 yr). Univariate regression analysis revealed that ezFMD significantly correlated with age (r = -0.42, P < 0.0001), body mass index (r = -0.13, P = 0.028), systolic blood pressure (r = -0.15, P = 0.009), diastolic blood pressure (r = -0.14, P = 0.011), fasting glucose level (r = -0.27, P = 0.006), smoking (r = -0.21, P = 0.007) and baseline pulse wave amplitude (r = -0.51, P < 0.0001). ezFMD significantly correlated with conventional FMD (r = 0.34, P < 0.0001). Multiple regression analysis revealed that age (P = 0.002), body mass index (P = 0.013), systolic blood pressure (P = 0.009), smoking (P = 0.004) and baseline pulse wave amplitude (P < 0.001) were independent predictors of ezFMD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that measurement of ezFMD, a novel noninvasive and simple method, may be useful for determination of vascular diameter response to reactive hyperemia. Since ezFMD is automatically measured by a device with an oscillometric method, measurement of ezFMD is easier and less biased than that of conventional FMD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Naomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Idei
authors.forename: Teiji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ukawa
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kajikawa
authors.forename: Yumiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Iwamoto
authors.forename: Noritaka
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fujimura
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maruhashi
authors.forename: Shinsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mikami
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Yasuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kihara
authors.forename: Kazuaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chayama
authors.forename: Kensuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Noma
authors.forename: Ayumu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nakashima
authors.forename: Tsuneo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takayanagi
authors.forename: Haruka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Morimoto
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsuji
authors.forename: Yukihito
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Higashi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000502:physiology; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000503:physiopathology; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000503:physiopathology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006940:Hyperemia / Q000503:physiopathology; D006973:Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009991:Oscillometry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology*; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Endothelial function enclosed zone flow-mediated vasodilation; Oscillometric method