title: Urine concentrations of xanthine, hypoxanthine and uric acid in UK Cavalier King Charles spaniels.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Xanthine urolithiasis and asymptomatic xanthinuria have been diagnosed in Cavalier King Charles spaniel dogs suggesting that primary xanthinuria may be a breed-related disorder, although its prevalence remains unclear. The hypothesis of this study was that asymptomatic xanthinuria is common in Cavalier King Charles spaniel dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Free catch urine samples were collected from 35 client-owned Cavalier King Charles spaniel dogs and from 24 dogs of other breeds. The purine metabolites were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. The urine ratios of xanthine/creatinine and hypoxanthine/creatinine were calculated and compared between the two groups of dogs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The urine concentrations of purine metabolites were not significantly different between the two groups and were very low in both. The urine concentrations of xanthine in all 35 Cavalier King Charles spaniel were markedly lower than in the previously reported case of xanthine urolithiasis in a UK Cavalier King Charles spaniel dog.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Asymptomatic xanthinuria was not detected in this UK Cavalier King Charles spaniel population. This data may be used as a reference for urinary purine metabolite concentrations in the dog.
authors.affiliation: Royal Dick School of Veterinary Studies, Division of Veterinary Clinical Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Hospital for Small Animals, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, Midlothian, Scotland, EH25 9RG.
authors.forename: A M L
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Jacinto
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Mellanby
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chandler
authors.forename: N X
authors.initials: NX
authors.lastname: Bommer
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Carruthers
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Fairbanks
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Gow
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001947:Breeding; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000662:veterinary; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D004285:Dogs / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D019271:Hypoxanthine / Q000652:urine*; D008297:Male; D013045:Species Specificity; D006113:United Kingdom; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000652:urine*; D052878:Urolithiasis / Q000652:urine / Q000662:veterinary; D019820:Xanthine / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D019820:Xanthine; D014527:Uric Acid; D019271:Hypoxanthine; D003404:Creatinine