title: Over-expression of regulator of G protein signaling 5 promotes tumor metastasis by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The regulator of G-protein signaling 5 (RGS5) has been reported to be highly expressed in some malignant tumors. However, its expression and role in HCC has not been reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  The expression of RGS5 was examined in liver cancer tissues and cell lines by real-time quantitative PCR. The cell migration and invasion was investigated by wound healing and transwell invasion assay. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers were detected by Western blotting or immunofluorescence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed that RGS5 is over-expressed in most of liver cancer tissue samples and cell lines compared with matched normal samples. Further analysis showed that the over-expression of RGS5 is associated with liver cancer recurrence, venous infiltration, and patients' poor survival. Next, we found that knockdown of RGS5 significantly inhibits liver cancer cell migration and invasion in highly invasive liver cancer cells. Furthermore, we found that over-expression of RGS5 induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition in epithelial liver cancer cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that over-expression of RGS5 promotes tumor metastasis by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition in HCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.
authors.forename: Minghua
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Xiaobing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jianmin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xiaosan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Xiaoming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Guannan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Guoyong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Xiaochun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Hongping
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Yongsheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement; D058750:Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000209:etiology; D020710:RGS Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D020710:RGS Proteins; C491349:RGS5 protein, human
keywords: RGS5; epithelial-mesenchymal transition; hepatocellular carcinoma; recurrence