title: Mapping cortical degeneration in ALS with magnetization transfer ratio and voxel-based morphometry.
abstract: Pathological and imaging data indicate that amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a multisystem disease involving several cerebral cortical areas. Advanced quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques enable to explore in vivo the volume and microstructure of the cerebral cortex in ALS. We studied with a combined voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and magnetization transfer (MT) imaging approach the capability of MRI to identify the cortical areas affected by neurodegeneration in ALS patients. Eighteen ALS patients and 18 age-matched healthy controls were examined on a 1.5T scanner using a high-resolution 3D T1 weighted spoiled gradient recalled sequence with and without MT saturation pulse. A voxel-based analysis (VBA) was adopted in order to automatically compute the regional atrophy and MT ratio (MTr) changes of the entire cerebral cortex. By using a multimodal image analysis MTr was adjusted for local gray matter (GM) atrophy to investigate if MTr changes can be independent of atrophy of the cerebral cortex. VBA revealed several clusters of combined GM atrophy and MTr decrease in motor-related areas and extra-motor frontotemporal cortex. The multimodal image analysis identified areas of isolated MTr decrease in premotor and extra-motor frontotemporal areas. VBM and MTr are capable to detect the distribution of neurodegenerative alterations in the cortical GM of ALS patients, supporting the hypothesis of a multi-systemic involvement in ALS. MT imaging changes exist beyond volume loss in frontotemporal cortices.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy. mircocosottini@libero.it
authors.forename: Mirco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cosottini
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cecchi
authors.forename: Selina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Piazza
authors.forename: Ilaria
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pesaresi
authors.forename: Serena
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fabbri
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Diciotti
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mascalchi
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Siciliano
authors.forename: Ubaldo
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Bonuccelli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000690:Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D001284:Atrophy; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000473:pathology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged