title: The use of transscrotal venography to guide treatment of a persistent grade 3 varicocele after failure of previous microsurgical varicocelectomy and embolization.
abstract: Varicoceles affect approximately 15% of male patients, most of whom have resolution of symptoms and objective findings with microscopic subinguinal varicocelectomy. We present an interesting case of a 16-year-old male patient with persistent symptomatic varicocele despite varicocelectomy and gonadal vein embolization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. jtomasini@gmail.com
authors.forename: Jeffrey M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Tomasini
authors.forename: Joshua A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Bodie
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010690:Phlebography; D015642:Radiology, Interventional; D012086:Reoperation; D013085:Spermatic Cord / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D017211:Treatment Failure; D014646:Varicocele / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*