title: Polyphenol metabolite profile of artichoke is modulated by agronomical practices and cooking method.
abstract: In this paper artichoke phenolic pattern was characterized using an Orbitrap Exactive Mass Spectrometer at high mass accuracy and conventional HPLC MS/MS. Twenty four phenolic acids and 40 flavonoids were identified, many of them not previously reported in artichoke. Variations in phenolic compounds were investigated in relation to mycorrhization: results showed that inoculation with mycorrhizae greatly influences metabolite profile proving to be a good strategy to enhance the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in this plant. This practice also caused a different distribution of the main phenolic compounds within head parts. Both steaming and microwaving cooking treatments caused an increase in antioxidant activity: the lower the initial concentration the higher the effect. A similar trend was observed looking at the phenolic compounds concentration: it increased because of cooking treatments the lower the initial content, the highest the increase. Steamed artichoke showed higher phenols content than microwaved ones.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Food Science, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Mariantonella
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Palermo
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Colla
authors.forename: Giancarlo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Barbieri
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fogliano
mesh_terms: D059827:Agricultural Inoculants / Q000502:physiology*; D000383:Agriculture / Q000379:methods*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D003296:Cooking / Q000379:methods*; D031943:Cynara scolymus / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D005658:Fungi / Q000502:physiology; D055442:Metabolome; D038821:Mycorrhizae / Q000502:physiology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D059808:Polyphenols