title: Progesterone's role in neuroprotection, a review of the evidence.
abstract: The sex hormone progesterone has been shown to improve outcomes in animal models of a number of neurologic diseases, including traumatic brain injury, ischemia, spinal cord injury, peripheral nerve injury, demyelinating disease, neuromuscular disorders, and seizures. Evidence suggests it exerts its neuroprotective effects through several pathways, including reducing edema, improving neuronal survival, and modulating inflammation and apoptosis. In this review, we summarize the functional outcomes and pathophysiologic mechanisms attributed to progesterone treatment in neurologic disease. We then comment on the breadth of evidence for the use of progesterone in each neurologic disease family. Finally, we provide support for further human studies using progesterone to treat several neurologic diseases.
authors.affiliation: Emergency Neurosciences, Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, 49 Jesse Hill Jr. Drive, FOB Suite 126, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA. edeuts2@emory.edu
authors.forename: Eric R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Deutsch
authors.forename: Tamara R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Espinoza
authors.forename: Fahim
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Atif
authors.forename: Elise
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Woodall
authors.forename: Jordan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kaylor
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Wright
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000517:prevention & control; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D011374:Progesterone / Q000378:metabolism*; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D011374:Progesterone
keywords: Neuroprotection; Progesterone; Traumatic brain injury