title: Assessment of vitreous drug concentration in the porcine eye following intracameral injection or irrigation with moxifloxacin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Posterior capsule rupture causes instant vitreous contamination, resulting in endophthalmitis. However, transfer of intracameral moxifloxacin (MFLX) to the vitreous has not been examined in detail. We investigated vitreous antibiotic concentrations following intracameral MFLX in both ruptured and intact posterior capsular eyes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experiment 1: Intraocular lenses were inserted into 21 extracted porcine eyes by one of the following three methods: (1) Irrigation: Throughout surgery, 33-fold diluted MFLX irrigation solution (150 μg/mL) was used; (2) Bag and chamber flushing: After surgery, the anterior chamber and area behind the intraocular lenses were irrigated with 30-fold diluted MFLX (167 μg/mL) using a 5 mL syringe; (3) Simple injection: Tenfold diluted MFLX (50 μg in 0.1 mL) was injected intracamerally at the conclusion of surgery. The eyeballs were frozen and the anterior, central, and posterior portions of the vitreous were cubed. After defrosting, concentrations were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. Experiment 2: The same procedure was conducted for 18 eyes in which the posterior capsule had been ruptured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Experiment 1: Transfer of intracameral MFLX to the anterior vitreous was approximately 1% (1.56-2.20 μg/mL) regardless of the administration method. Experiment 2: MFLX reached a high concentration in the vitreous with irrigation solution administration (maximum 30.22 μg/mL). The concentrations reached by simple injection or flushing were significantly less than those obtained by irrigation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With an intact posterior capsule, intracameral MFLX exhibited limited effects on vitreous concentration. Despite the fact that the risk of infection clearly increases in cases of ruptured capsule, no special infection prevention protocol has been proposed. It was confirmed that irrigation solution caused vitreous contamination in ruptured eyes within only a short irrigation time. In this case, intracameral administration did not necessarily achieve preventive concentrations for endophthalmitis, but it appears that an effective drug concentration can be achieved in the vitreous by the administration of irrigation solution.
authors.affiliation: Nojima Hospital, Kurayoshi, Tottori, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsuura
authors.forename: Yoshitsugu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Shin-Ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hata
authors.forename: Nami
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ohmura
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gotou
keywords: intracameral injection; irrigation; moxifloxacin; posterior capsular rupture; vitreous concentration