title: Effectiveness of Artocarpus lakoocha extract, poloxamer 407, on Enterococcus faecalis in vitro.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The antiviral activities of Artocarpus lakoocha (A. lakoocha) extract have been reported in a number of studies; however, data regarding its antibacterial capability are limited. The aim of the present study was to examine the effectiveness of A. lakoocha extract, poloxamer 407, on Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis).
  
  
  METHODS
  The effect of the antimicrobial activity of A. lakoocha extract and A. lakoocha extract, poloxamer 407, against E. faecalis was investigated. The antibacterial efficacy of A. lakoocha extract, poloxamer 407, against E. faecalis was compared to calcium hydroxide in a tooth model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The minimal inhibitory concentration and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of A. lakoocha extract against E. faecalis were 0.39 ± 0 mg/mL and 3.12 ± 0 mg/mL, respectively; the MBC of calcium hydroxide against E. faecalis was 31.25 ± 0 mg/mL. In the tooth model, the E. faecalis count in all groups significantly decreased as the depth into the dentin increased compared to the control. There were no significant differences between 4% A. lakoocha extract poloxamer and UltraCal XS at any time period (P > 0.05) with one exception: at a depth of 0.6 mm on day 5, UltraCal XS had a significantly greater colonization than 4% A. lakoocha extract poloxamer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A. lakoocha extract, poloxamer 407, might be a useful alternative for antimicrobial medication in endodontic treatment. However, controlled clinical studies to evaluate its efficacy are needed.
authors.affiliation: Common Oral Diseases and Epidemiology Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Thailand; Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Thailand.
authors.forename: Rawee
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Teanpaisan
authors.forename: Phattharanan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ruangkiatkul
authors.forename: Kewalin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Thammasitboon
authors.forename: Jindaporn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Puripattanavong
authors.forename: Damrongsak
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Faroongsarng
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D031622:Artocarpus; D058491:Bacterial Load / Q000187:drug effects; D001431:Bacteriological Techniques; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000382:microbiology; D003804:Dentin / Q000382:microbiology; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020442:Poloxamer / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants / Q000494:pharmacology; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; D013267:Stilbenes; C531021:UltraCal XS; D020442:Poloxamer; C034912:puag-haad; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide
keywords: Artocarpus lakoocha extract; Enterococcus faecalis; UltraCal XS; endodontic; poloxamer 407