title: Do various baseline characteristics of transversus abdominis and lumbar multifidus predict clinical outcomes in nonspecific low back pain? A systematic review.
abstract: Although individual reports suggest that baseline morphometry or activity of transversus abdominis or lumbar multifidus predict clinical outcome of low back pain (LBP), a related systematic review is unavailable. Therefore, this review summarized evidence regarding the predictive value of these muscular characteristics. Candidate publications were identified from 6 electronic medical databases. After review, 5 cohort studies were included. Although this review intended to encompass studies using different muscle assessment methods, all included studies coincidentally used ultrasound imaging. No research investigated the relation between static morphometry and clinical outcomes. Evidence synthesis showed limited evidence supporting poor baseline transversus abdominis contraction thickness ratio as a treatment effect modifier favoring motor control exercise. Limited evidence supported that high baseline transversus abdominis lateral slide was associated with higher pain intensity after various exercise interventions at 1-year follow-up. However, there was limited evidence for the absence of relation between the contraction thickness ratio of transversus abdominis or anticipatory onset of lateral abdominal muscles at baseline and the short- or long-term LBP intensity after exercise interventions. There was conflicting evidence for a relation between baseline percent thickness change of lumbar multifidus during contraction and the clinical outcomes of patients after various conservative treatments. Given study heterogeneity, the small number of included studies and the inability of conventional greyscale B-mode ultrasound imaging to measure muscle activity, our findings should be interpreted with caution. Further large-scale prospective studies that use appropriate technology (ie, electromyography to assess muscle activity) should be conducted to investigate the predictive value of morphometry or activity of these muscles with respect to LBP-related outcomes measures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada Glenrose Rehabilitation Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Arnold Y L
authors.initials: AYL
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Eric C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Parent
authors.forename: Martha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Funabashi
authors.forename: Tasha R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Stanton
authors.forename: Gregory N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Kawchuk
mesh_terms: D000009:Abdominal Muscles / Q000502:physiology*; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008161:Lumbosacral Region; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D064170:Paraspinal Muscles / Q000502:physiology*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Effect modifier; Low back pain; Lumbar multifidus; Prognostic factor; Systematic review; Transversus abdominis; Treatment