title: Non-invasively collected amniotic fluid as a source of possible biomarkers for premature rupture of membranes investigated by proteomic approach.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Preterm delivery is one of the main causes of perinatal morbidity and mortality and it accounts for 75 % of perinatal mortality and more than half of the long-term morbidity. We applied a proteomic approach based on mass spectrometry (MS) for biomarkers discovery of preterm premature rupture of membranes (pPROM) by investigating amniotic fluid (AF) invasively and non-invasively collected.
  
  
  METHODS
  Amniotic fluid was obtained from vagina of women with pPROM (group 1), PROM at term (group 2) and by genetic amniocentesis (group 3). Pre-fractionated AF proteome was analyzed through matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) MS. The characterization of proteins/peptides of interest was obtained by high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem MS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three peptides overexpressed in pPROM and able to discriminate the groups 1 and 2 were detected. One peptide was identified as the fragment Gly452LAVPDGPLGLPPKPro466 of the protein KIAA1522, expressed by fetal brain and liver. This peptide was overexpressed in a patient of the group 3, completely asymptomatic at the time of the amniocentesis, who later developed pPROM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Amniotic fluid invasively and non-invasively collected can be analyzed by MALDI-TOF MS to obtain proteomic profiles. Proteomic analysis identified a peptide with promising diagnostic capability for pPROM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, San Gerardo Hospital, MBBM Foundation, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Pergolesi 33, 20900, Monza, MB, Italy, sara.consonni@tiscali.it.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Consonni
authors.forename: Veronica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mainini
authors.forename: Agnese
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pizzardi
authors.forename: Erica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gianazza
authors.forename: Clizia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chinello
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Locatelli
authors.forename: Fulvio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Magni
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000649:Amniocentesis; D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005260:Female; D005322:Premature Rupture of Fetal Membranes / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D047928:Premature Birth / Q000378:metabolism; D040901:Proteomics; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D010446:Peptide Fragments