title: Specific in planta recognition of two GKLR proteins of the downy mildew Bremia lactucae revealed in a large effector screen in lettuce.
abstract: Breeding lettuce (Lactuca sativa) for resistance to the downy mildew pathogen Bremia lactucae is mainly achieved by introgression of dominant downy mildew resistance (Dm) genes. New Bremia races quickly render Dm genes ineffective, possibly by mutation of recognized host-translocated effectors or by suppression of effector-triggered immunity. We have previously identified 34 potential RXLR(-like) effector proteins of B. lactucae that were here tested for specific recognition within a collection of 129 B. lactucae-resistant Lactuca lines. Two effectors triggered a hypersensitive response: BLG01 in 52 lines, predominantly L. saligna, and BLG03 in two L. sativa lines containing Dm2 resistance. The N-terminal sequences of BLG01 and BLG03, containing the signal peptide and GKLR variant of the RXLR translocation motif, are not required for in planta recognition but function in effector delivery. The locus responsible for BLG01 recognition maps to the bottom of lettuce chromosome 9, whereas recognition of BLG03 maps in the RGC2 cluster on chromosome 2. Lactuca lines that recognize the BLG effectors are not resistant to Bremia isolate Bl:24 that expresses both BLG genes, suggesting that Bl:24 can suppress the triggered immune responses. In contrast, lettuce segregants displaying Dm2-mediated resistance to Bremia isolate Bl:5 are responsive to BLG03, suggesting that BLG03 is a candidate Avr2 protein.
authors.forename: Joost H M
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Stassen
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: den Boer
authors.forename: Pim W J
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Vergeer
authors.forename: Annemiek
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Andel
authors.forename: Ursula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ellendorff
authors.forename: Koen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pelgrom
authors.forename: Mathieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pel
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schut
authors.forename: Olaf
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Zonneveld
authors.forename: Marieke J W
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Jeuken
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Van den Ackerveken
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001947:Breeding; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D032461:Chromosomes, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D060467:Disease Resistance; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D018545:Lactuca / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D005810:Multigene Family; D009868:Oomycetes / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D010641:Phenotype; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology; D018515:Plant Leaves; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D021382:Protein Sorting Signals; D021381:Protein Transport; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D016415:Sequence Alignment
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; D021382:Protein Sorting Signals; D011506:Proteins