title: Macronutrient content of donor human breast milk.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nutritional analysis of donated human milk has been suggested as a means of optimising its use.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analysed pooled, single donor milk samples using the MIRIS Human Milk Analyser to obtain values for fat, protein, lactose and calculated energy content. These values were compared with those of formula milks and then extrapolated to demonstrate whether donated human expressed breast milk (DEBM)±fortification would meet preterm nutritional requirements. We demonstrated the potential variability in macronutrient intake from unselected DEBM use by comparing energy intake from milk samples with energy values on the 3rd percentile (nutrient poor) with intake from milk with values on the 97th percentile (nutrient rich).
  
  
  RESULTS
  179 sequential samples from 42 unique donors were analysed. Mean nutritional values, excluding protein, were comparable with those of term formula; energy 66±12 kcal/100 mLs, fat 4.0±1.4 g/100 mLs, protein 0.9±0.4 g/100 mLs and lactose 6.6±0.7 g/100 mLs. At volumes of 180 mL/kg/day 119 samples (66%) would have provided minimum preterm energy requirements without fortification however protein levels were low and even with fortification 39% of samples would fail to meet the recommended preterm requirements. The potential difference in energy intake between nutrient-poor and nutrient-rich milk was 88 kcal/kg/day.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In summary our data confirm the nutritional variability of DEBM and demonstrate the potential of nutritional analysis to target the use of donor milk according to energy content.
authors.affiliation: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, , Glasgow, UK.
authors.forename: Andrew Ross
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: Debbie
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Barnett
authors.forename: Emma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gentles
authors.forename: Lorraine
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cairns
authors.forename: Judith Helen
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Simpson
mesh_terms: D004750:Enteral Nutrition; D005223:Fats / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007227:Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007785:Lactose / Q000032:analysis*; D017784:Milk Banks; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry*; D009753:Nutritive Value
chemical_list: D005223:Fats; D008894:Milk Proteins; D007785:Lactose
keywords: Infant Feeding; Neonatology; Nutrition