title: Oxidized low-density lipoprotein antibodies in myocardial infarction patients without classical risk factors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether circulating antibodies against oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL; OLAB) levels are associated with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in individuals without classical cardiovascular risk factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case-control study including 34 first AMI patients without classical risk factors (smoking, dyslipidemia, hypertension or diabetes) and 45 population-based healthy controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no differences in anthropometric variables between cases and controls. Oxidized LDL levels were similar in both groups. Total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein B and physical activity were lower in cases than in controls. OLAB levels were also lower in cases than controls (128 versus 447 U/l, P < 0.001). After adjusting for age, oxidized LDL and physical activity, participants with OLAB levels of 165 U/l or less had a higher risk of AMI (odds ratio, OR = 7.48, 95% confidence interval: 1.57-35.66). When the model was fitted with OLAB as a continuous variable, the natural logarithm (LnOLAB) levels were independently associated with AMI with an OR of 0.40 (95% confidence interval: 0.19-0.86). After adjusting the model by Framingham-risk-adapted score and oxidized LDL, the LnOLAB levels maintained their independent association (OR of 0.43, 95% confidence interval: 0.23-0.79).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  First AMI patients without classical risk factors had lower levels of OLAB compared with healthy controls. It is likely that the immunological reaction due to oxidized LDL participates as a preventive factor in the physiopathology of atherosclerosis.
authors.affiliation: aCardiology Department, Parc de Salut Mar bMedicine Department, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona (UAB) cInflammatory and Cardiovascular Disease Programme (RICAD) dCardiovascular and Genetic Epidemiology Research Group (EGEC), IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Barcelona eCardiology Department, Hospital Josep Trueta, Girona fCardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (CARIN), IMIM, Barcelona gCIBER of Obesity Physiopathology and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Miquel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gómez
authors.forename: Lluís
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Molina
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bruguera
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sala
authors.forename: Rafel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Masià
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Muñoz-Aguayo
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tomás
authors.forename: Saray
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Heredia
authors.forename: Gemma
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Blanchart
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gaixas
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vila
authors.forename: Montserrat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fitó
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000906:Antibodies / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000276:immunology*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011379:Prognosis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013030:Spain
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D015415:Biomarkers; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein