title: Sinonasal respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartomas: series of 51 cases and literature review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartomas (REAHs) are rare, benign glandular proliferations of the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and nasopharynx. This study aimed to expand our understanding of this entity by presenting a series of REAHs combined with a review of the pertinent literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review was performed on all patients with a diagnosis of REAH from 2002 to 2011. Data were collected with respect to age, gender, clinical presentation, imaging, histopathology, treatment, and outcome. Because olfactory cleft expansion by imaging evaluation has been reported to suggest REAH, maximum olfactory cleft (MOCs) widths were also measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-one cases of REAH included 37 male (72.5%) and 14 female subjects (27.5%) with a mean age of 58.4 years. Headache, nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea, and hyposmia were the most common presenting symptoms. Although 35(68.6%) were associated with concurrent inflammatory pathology, 16 (31.4%) presented as isolated lesions of the nasal cavity. Enlargement of MOCs was evident on computed tomography, with mean MOCs of 8.64 and 9.4 mm, in the coronal/axial planes, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between MOCs of isolated (7.96 mm) versus MOCs of associated (9.63 mm) lesions (p = 0.25). Forty-nine were treated with endoscopic resection without evidence of recurrence after a mean follow-up of 27.2 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  REAHs are rare sinonasal lesions that may appear as localized, isolated masses or more diffuse when in conjunction with other inflammatory processes. Irrespective of clinical presentation, endoscopic removal appears to be curative. Differentiation from more aggressive lesions is paramount to avoid unnecessarily radical surgery for an otherwise benign process.
authors.affiliation: Orange County Sinus Institute, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, 6670 Alton Parkway, Irvine, CA 92618, USA. jivianne@gmail.com
authors.forename: Jivianne T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Rohit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Garg
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brunworth
authors.forename: David B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Keschner
authors.forename: Lester D R
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Thompson
mesh_terms: D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006222:Hamartoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D059747:Nasal Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D057605:Natural Orifice Endoscopic Surgery / Q000379:methods; D010254:Paranasal Sinus Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome