title: Evaluation of the effects induced by dietary diphenyl diselenide on common carp Cyprinus carpio.
abstract: Several diets employed in aquaculture are enriched with selenium (Se), as it is a fundamental element to aquatic vertebrates. Diphenyl diselenide [(PhSe)₂], which is a synthetic organoselenium compound, has been considered a potential antioxidant agent in different experimental models. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary diphenyl diselenide at concentrations of 1.5, 3.0, and 5.0 mg/kg for 60 days and to determine its optimal supplemental level for carp, Cyprinus carpio. Neither growth retardation nor hepatoxicity was induced by the inclusion of diphenyl diselenide at concentrations ranging from 1.5 to 5.0 mg/kg. In addition, the inclusion of 3.0 mg/kg of diphenyl diselenide stimulated the weight and length of the carp. The supplementation with 1.5 and 3.0 mg/kg of diphenyl diselenide did not produce oxidative damage in the tissues, verified by peroxidation lipid and protein carbonyl assays. However, at 5.0 mg/kg, it caused an increase of the lipid peroxidation in the liver, brain, and muscle, and inhibited the cerebral acetylcholinesterase activity. An increase of the hepatic superoxide dismutase activity and non-protein thiols content in all tissues and ascorbic acid in the liver, gills, and brain was verified in carp fed with the diet containing 3.0 mg/kg of diphenyl diselenide. This diet had advantageous effects for the fish used in experiments. Therefore, this compound could be considered a beneficial dietary supplement for carp nutrition.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós, Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Santa Maria, Brazil.
authors.forename: Charlene
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Menezes
authors.forename: Jossiele
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leitemperger
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Santi
authors.forename: Glaecir
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dias
authors.forename: Fábio Araújo
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Pedron
authors.forename: João Radünz
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Neto
authors.forename: Syed Mahammad
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Salman
authors.forename: Nilda Berenice Vargas
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Barbosa
authors.forename: Vania Lucia
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Loro
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D017756:Aquaculture; D001555:Benzene Derivatives / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002347:Carps; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D004032:Diet; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D016566:Organoselenium Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D000623:Porphobilinogen Synthase / Q000097:blood; D050050:Protein Carbonylation / Q000187:drug effects; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001555:Benzene Derivatives; D016566:Organoselenium Compounds; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; C061132:diphenyldiselenide; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D000623:Porphobilinogen Synthase