title: Stimuli-responsive bacterial cellulose-g-poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) hydrogels for oral controlled release drug delivery.
abstract: This study evaluated the potential of stimuli-responsive bacterial cellulose-g-poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) hydrogels as oral controlled-release drug delivery carriers. Hydrogels were synthesized by graft copolymerization of the monomers onto bacterial cellulose (BC) fibers by using a microwave irradiation technique. The hydrogels were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). FT-IR spectroscopy confirmed the grafting. XRD showed that the crystallinity of BC was reduced by grafting, whereas an increase in the thermal stability profile was observed in TGA. SEM showed that the hydrogels exhibited a highly porous morphology, which is suitable for drug loading. The hydrogels demonstrated a pH-responsive swelling behavior, with decreased swelling in acidic media, which increased with increase in pH of the media, reaching maximum swelling at pH 7. The release profile of the hydrogels was investigated in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF). The hydrogels showed lesser release in SGF than in SIF, suggesting that hydrogels may be suitable drug carriers for oral controlled release of drug delivery in the lower gastrointestinal tract.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Centre for Drug Delivery Research, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mohd Cairul Iqbal
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Mohd Amin
authors.forename: Naveed
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.forename: Manisha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.forename: Chong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jue Xin
mesh_terms: D000178:Acrylamides / Q000737:chemistry*; D000284:Administration, Oral; D002482:Cellulose / Q000737:chemistry*; D003460:Crystallization; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D005750:Gastric Juice / Q000378:metabolism; D020100:Hydrogels; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007419:Intestinal Secretions / Q000378:metabolism; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D058105:Polymerization; D016062:Porosity; D013818:Thermogravimetry; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D000178:Acrylamides; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004337:Drug Carriers; D020100:Hydrogels; C431184:poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid); D002482:Cellulose
keywords: Bacterial cellulose; controlled release; drug delivery; hydrogels; responsive index