title: Migrant density and well-being--a national school survey of 15-year-olds in Sweden.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of migrant density in school on the well-being of pupils with a migrant origin in first as well as second generation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional analysis of data from a national classroom survey of 15-year-old Swedish schoolchildren. The study population included 76 229 pupils (86.5% participation) with complete data set from 1352 schools. Six dimensions of well-being from the KIDSCREEN were analysed in two-level linear regression models to assess the influence of migrant origin at individual level and percentage of students with a migrant origin at school level, as well as interaction terms between them. Z-scores were used to equalize scales.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A high density (>50%) of pupils with a migrant origin in first or second generation was associated with positive well-being on all six scales for foreign-born pupils originating in Africa or Asia compared with schools with low (<10%) migrant density. The effect sizes were 0.56 for boys and 0.29 for girls on the comprehensive KIDSCREEN 10-index (P<0.001) and 0.61 and 0.34, respectively, for psychological well-being (P<0.001). Of the boys and girls born in Africa or Asia, 31.6% and 34.6%, respectively, reported being bullied during the past week in schools with low (<10%) migrant density.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pupils born in Africa or Asia are at high risk for being bullied and having impaired well-being in schools with few other migrant children. School interventions to improve peer relations and prevent bullying are needed to promote well-being in non-European migrant children.
authors.affiliation: 1 Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS), Karolinska Institutet/Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hjern
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rajmil
authors.forename: Malin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bergström
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Berlin
authors.forename: Per A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Gustafsson
authors.forename: Bitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Modin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D044466:Asian People / Q000523:psychology; D044383:Black People / Q000523:psychology; D058445:Bullying / Q000523:psychology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003625:Data Collection; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health; D010379:Peer Group; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology*; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D014171:Transients and Migrants / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*