title: Structural changes to resorbable calcium phosphate bioceramic aged in vitro.
abstract: This work investigates the effect of mammalian cell culture conditions on 3D printed calcium phosphate scaffolds. The purpose of the studies presented was to characterise the changes in scaffold properties in physiologically relevant conditions. Differences in crystal morphologies were observed between foetal bovine serum-supplemented media and their unsupplemented analogues, but not for supplemented media containing tenocytes. Scaffold porosity was found to increase for all conditions studied, except for tenocyte-seeded scaffolds. The presence of tenocytes on the scaffold surface inhibited any increase in scaffold porosity in the presence of extracellular matrix secreted by the tenocytes. For acellular conditions the presence or absence of sera proteins strongly affected the rate of dissolution and the distribution of pore diameters within the scaffold. Exposure to high sera protein concentrations led to the development of significant numbers of sub-micron pores, which was otherwise not observed. The implication of these results for cell culture research employing calcium phosphate scaffolds is discussed.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK. Electronic address: nazia.mehrban@googlemail.com.
authors.forename: Nazia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mehrban
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bowen
authors.affiliation: Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070 Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Elke
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vorndran
authors.affiliation: Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070 Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Uwe
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Gbureck
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
authors.forename: Liam M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Grover
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002516:Ceramics / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D016062:Porosity; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013499:Surface Properties; D013710:Tendons / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013997:Time Factors; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; C018392:tricalcium phosphate
keywords: Calcium phosphate; Degradation; In vitro; Porosity; Structure