title: Fluorapatite enhances mineralization of mesenchymal/endothelial cocultures.
abstract: In addition to the widely used mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), endothelial cells appear to be a favorable cell source for hard tissue regeneration. Previously, fluorapatite was shown to stimulate and enhance mineralization of MSCs. This study aims to investigate the growth of endothelial cells on synthesized ordered fluorapatite surfaces and their effect on the mineralization of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) through coculture. Endothelial cells were grown on fluorapatite surfaces and characterized by cell counting, flow cytometry, scanning electron microscopy, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cells were then cocultured with ASCs and stained for alkaline phosphatase and mineral formation. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) pathway perturbation and basic FGF (bFGF) treatment of the ASCs were also conducted to observe their effects on differentiation and mineralization of these cells. Fluorapatite surfaces showed good biocompatibility in supporting endothelial cells. Without a mineralization supplement, coculture with endothelial cells induced osteogenic differentiation of ASCs, which was further enhanced by the fluorapatite surfaces. This suggested a combined stimulating effect of endothelial cells and fluorapatite surfaces on the enhanced mineralization of ASCs. Greater amounts of bFGF release by endothelial cells alone or cocultures with ASCs stimulated by fluorapatite surfaces, together with FGF pathway perturbation and bFGF treatment results, suggested that the FGF signaling pathway may function in this process.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Operative Dentistry & Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China .
authors.forename: Xiaodong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zhaocheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Syweren
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Agata
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Czajka-Jakubowska
authors.forename: Jacques E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Nör
authors.forename: Brian H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Clarkson
authors.forename: Longxing
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D001031:Apatites / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D001031:Apatites; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D015675:Osteocalcin; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; C025105:fluorapatite