title: Combined effects of goserelin and tamoxifen on estradiol level, breast density, and endometrial thickness in premenopausal and perimenopausal women with early-stage hormone receptor-positive breast cancer: a randomised controlled clinical trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study is to investigate the effects of geserelin+tamoxifen (TAM) on estradiol level, breast density (BD), endometrial thickness (ET), and blood lipids in premenopausal and perimenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive early-stage breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study recruited 110 premenopausal and perimenopausal patients with hormone receptor-positive early-stage breast cancer between 22 June 2008 and 31 December 2009 and randomly assigned them to receive either goserelin plus TAM or TAM alone for 1.5 years. Blood levels of sex hormones and lipids and ET were determined at 0, 3, 6, 12, and 18 months. Contralateral BD was also measured at 0, 12, and 18 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five participants dropped out of the goserelin plus TAM group, and two participants dropped out of the TAM-alone group before initiation of endocrine therapy. The rest of patients received scheduled treatment and 3 years of median follow-up. No serious adverse effects were observed, and only two local recurrences have been observed in these patients. Estradiol level and BD were lower in the goserelin plus TAM group than in the TAM-alone group (P<0.05). The endometrium in the goserelin plus TAM group was significantly thinner than that in the TAM-alone group (P<0.05), and women in the TAM-alone group exhibited endometrial thickening over the course of the study. Furthermore, no significant differences in blood lipid levels were reported between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data from the current study demonstrated that the addition of goserelin to TAM results in downregulation of estradiol level, followed by significant reduction in BD and ET in premenopausal and perimenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer, which may eventually lead to better outcome in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zong
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bian
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ni
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001940:Breast / Q000473:pathology*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D004717:Endometrium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D017273:Goserelin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008593:Menopause / Q000097:blood; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009376:Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D017697:Premenopause / Q000097:blood; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D013629:Tamoxifen; D017273:Goserelin; D004958:Estradiol