title: Antimicrobial resistance in Shigella spp. causing traveller's diarrhoea (1995-2010): a retrospective analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Shigellosis is a global human health problem causing an important morbidity among travellers returning from tropical areas. This study was aimed to describe the evolution of antimicrobial resistance profile in Shigella spp. isolated between the years 1995-2010 in patients with traveller's diarrhoea (TD) returning from tropical areas.
  
  
  METHODS
  The levels of antimicrobial resistance were tested in a total of 191 Shigella spp. isolated during the period from 1995 to 2010.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A decrease of cases of diarrhoea caused by Shigella has been observed in recent years. A wide spectrum of antibiotic resistance was observed among Shigella spp. These isolates showed high levels of resistance to tetracycline (84%), co-trimoxazole (75.5%), and ampicillin (45.5%). The resistance was low to ciprofloxacin (2.1%), azithromycin (3.9%) and furazolidone (8.4%). According to the period, in the case of ampicillin, amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid, chloramphenicol, values of resistance were significantly decreasing from 1995-2000 to 2001-2010, (62.5% vs. 28.4%, 19.8% vs. 6.6%, 23.4 vs. 10.4%, respectively). Meanwhile in nalidixic acid and tetracycline the evolution of resistance has increased over time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A decrease in the isolation number of Shigella spp. causing TD has been observed. Differential trends in the evolution of the levels of resistance to the tested antibacterial agents have been observed.
authors.affiliation: Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Pons
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Martínez-Puchol
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ruiz
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mensa
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vila
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gascón
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ruiz
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D004405:Dysentery, Bacillary / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012760:Shigella / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D014195:Travel / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D057236:Travel Medicine
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: Antimicrobial resistance; Shigella spp.; Traveller's diarrhoea