title: Long-term consequences of posterior urethral valves.
abstract: Posterior urethral valves (PUV) are the most common congenital cause of bladder outlet obstruction in infancy, and it is the effect of this obstruction on the bladder and the kidneys that will decide a patient's prognosis. With the improvements in diagnosis and treatments, what was previously a poor prognosis for boys with PUV has improved, and more patients will encounter the long-term sequelae of PUV during puberty and adulthood. In these patients the long-term prognosis in terms of renal and bladder function and fertility, as well as the risk of malignancy in those whose bladders were augmented with gastrointestinal segments, is still a matter of great concern and all of these topics will be discussed in this article.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Paediatric Urology and Nephrology, University Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain. plpuro@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lopez Pereira
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Martinez Urrutia
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Espinosa
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jaureguizar
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D006869:Hydronephrosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D011141:Polyuria / Q000453:epidemiology; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D014521:Urethra / Q000002:abnormalities*; D001748:Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction / Q000209:etiology*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000209:etiology*; D014563:Urodynamics; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Adolescent urology; Bladder dysfunction; Long-term follow-up; Malignancy; Posterior urethral valves; Renal transplant