title: Tissue dissection before direct manipulation to the pathology with pulsed laser-induced liquid jet system in skull base surgery--preservation of fine vessels and maintained optic nerve function.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Most difficulties in skull base tumor removal are generally caused by adhesion of feeding arteries to the vital structures and cranial nerves. Water jet technology provides tissue dissectability with preservation of fine blood vessels both in experimental and clinical situations. However problems still remain regarding whether tumor removal with preservation of peripheral nerve function is possible or not. This clinical investigation evaluated functional preservation of peripheral nerves and dissectability with a newly developed pulsed laser-induced liquid jet (LILJ) system under intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring.
  
  
  METHODS
  The LILJ system was used to treat 21 patients with skull base tumors manifesting as severe visual disturbance through the extended transsphenoidal approach. The LILJ system consists of a bayonet-shaped catheter incorporating a jet generator, and total weight is around 7 g. Intraoperative visual evoked potential (VEP), and pre/postoperative conventional visual assessments were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Precise dissections of the tumor were obtained, resulting in gross total removal in 19 of 21 patients. Two patients with meningiomas with tight adhesion to the origin of the lenticulostriate arteries had small remnants. Of the 21 patients, 16 showed immediate improvement on intraoperative VEP, 2 had no change, and 3 had prolonged latency, which required intermittent suspension of procedure. A total of 20 patients and 40 eyes showed good recovery at discharge, and all patients evaluated had recovered good visual status.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The LILJ system can achieve safe and optimal removal with functional preservation of optic nerves, probably because of the high resistance of the arachnoidal sheath and fine vascular tissue.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Kohnan Hospital, 4-20-1 Nagamachiminami, Taihaku-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 982-8523, Japan, yogawa@kohnan-sendai.or.jp.
authors.forename: Yoshikazu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: Atsuhiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: Toshikatsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Washio
authors.forename: Tatsuhiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Arafune
authors.forename: Teiji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tominaga
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004210:Dissection / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D005074:Evoked Potentials, Visual / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007834:Lasers; D008297:Male; D008577:Meningeal Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008579:Meningioma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D009900:Optic Nerve / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D019291:Skull Base / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D019292:Skull Base Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*