title: Effects of hypo- and hyperthyroid states on herpes simplex virus infectivity in the rat.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Available data from in vitro studies show that thyroid hormones (THs) regulate herpes simplex virus (HSV) gene expression and may modulate latency/reactivation of the virus. Whether infectivity of the virus is also affected by THs is not known. Using animal models (in vivo study) and Vero cell culture (in vitro study), we examined the effects of alterations in THs level on HSV-1 infectivity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were rendered hypo- and hyperthyroid by daily addition of methimazole and l-thyroxine into their drinking water, respectively. Euthyroid animals served as control. All animals were given a single dose of HSV-1 (10(7)TCID50, ip) and sacrificed 3 d later. The spleen of the animals was then removed and viral particles were recovered from the tissue extract through aseptic procedures. Serial dilution of the extracts was prepared and added to Vero cell culture. For the in vitro study, the cultures were pretreated with l-thyroxine and the viral particles were then added. Virus titration was determined by Reed-Muench quantal assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The viral load of spleen in hyperthyroid rats was significantly lower (1000-fold) than that of the euthyroid rats. Similarly, in vitro presence of supraphysiologic levels of l-thyroxine in the culture media of Vero cells decreased virus infectivity. Interestingly, hypothyroid animals showed a significant increase (10-fold) in spleen viral load as compared to that of their euthyroid counterparts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data clearly show that the HSV-1 infectivity is affected by THs, and suggest that THs or their analogs may have a potential application in prevention and/or treatment of viral infections.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology .
authors.forename: Masoumeh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Varedi
authors.forename: Afagh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moattari
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Amirghofran
authors.forename: Zohreh
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Karamizadeh
authors.forename: Hadi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Feizi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D013956:Antithyroid Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006561:Herpes Simplex / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human; D006980:Hyperthyroidism / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D007037:Hypothyroidism / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D008297:Male; D008713:Methimazole / Q000494:pharmacology; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000494:pharmacology; D014709:Vero Cells
chemical_list: D013956:Antithyroid Agents; D008713:Methimazole; D013974:Thyroxine