title: Chicken MDA5 senses short double-stranded RNA with implications for antiviral response against avian influenza viruses in chicken.
abstract: Mammalian melanoma differentiation-associated gene-5 (MDA5) and retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) selectively sense double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) according to length, as well as various RNA viruses to induce an antiviral response. RIG-I, which plays a predominant role in the induction of antiviral responses against influenza virus infection, has been considered to be lacking in chicken, putting the function of chicken MDA5 (chMDA5) under the spotlight. Here, we show that chMDA5, unlike mammalian MDA5, preferentially senses shorter dsRNA synthetic analogues, poly(I:C), in chicken DF-1 fibroblasts. A requirement for caspase activation and recruitment domains for chMDA5-mediated chicken interferon beta (chIFNβ) induction and its interaction with mitochondrial antiviral signaling proteins were demonstrated. We also found that chMDA5 is involved in chIFNβ induction against avian influenza virus infection. Our findings imply that chMDA5 compensates in part the function of RIG-I in chicken, and highlights the importance of chMDA5 in the innate immune response in chicken.
authors.affiliation: Viral diseases and Epidemiology Research Division, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Chiaki
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Taichiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanikawa
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.forename: Takehiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saito
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D030161:Avian Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D002645:Chickens; D053487:DEAD-box RNA Helicases / Q000172:deficiency; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000502:physiology* / Q000821:virology; D007109:Immunity; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000276:immunology*; D016899:Interferon-beta / Q000378:metabolism; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism*; D011070:Poly I-C / Q000276:immunology; D012330:RNA, Double-Stranded / Q000276:immunology; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D000956:Antigens, Viral; D030161:Avian Proteins; D012330:RNA, Double-Stranded; D012367:RNA, Viral; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D016899:Interferon-beta; D053487:DEAD-box RNA Helicases; D011070:Poly I-C