title: Conjunctival flora, Schirmer's tear test, intraocular pressure, and conjunctival cytology in neotropical primates from Salvador, Brazil.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study aimed to establish reference values for selected ophthalmic diagnostic tests in healthy neotropical primates from Salvador, Brazil.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 73 intact adults, including Callithrix jacchus (n = 31), Callithrix penicillata (n = 8), Cebus sp. (n = 22), and Cebus xanthosternos (n = 9) were used to evaluate the normal conjunctival bacterial flora. Cebus xanthosternos (n = 12) were used to evaluate tear production with Schirmer's tear test (STT), intraocular pressure (IOP), and conjunctival cytology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For all animals evaluated, Gram-positive bacteria were predominant. Results of the diagnostic tests in Cebus xanthosternos were as follows: STT: 14.92 ± 5.46 mm/minutes, IOP: 19.62 ± 4.57 mmHg, and conjunctival cytology revealed intermediate squamous epithelial cells in great quantities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These ophthalmic reference values will be particularly useful to diagnose discrete or unusual pathological changes in the neotropical primates eye.
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny, Federal University of Bahia UFBA, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Oriá
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Pinna
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.forename: R M M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.forename: A C O
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Pinheiro
authors.forename: F O
authors.initials: FO
authors.lastname: Santana
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: Í D S
authors.initials: ÍD
authors.lastname: Meneses
authors.forename: E F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Martins Filho
authors.forename: A V D
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Oliveira
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary; D001938:Brazil; D002144:Callithrix / Q000382:microbiology*; D002428:Cebus / Q000382:microbiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003228:Conjunctiva / Q000166:cytology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D013666:Tears / Q000382:microbiology; D014065:Tonometry, Ocular / Q000592:standards
keywords: Callithrix jacchus; Callithrix penicillata; Cebus xanthosternos; eye; ophthalmic tests