title: DNA barcoding survey of Trichoderma diversity in soil and litter of the Colombian lowland Amazonian rainforest reveals Trichoderma strigosellum sp. nov. and other species.
abstract: The diversity of Trichoderma (Hypocreales, Ascomycota) colonizing leaf litter as well as the rhizosphere of Garcinia macrophylla (Clusiaceae) was investigated in primary and secondary rain forests in Colombian Amazonia. DNA barcoding of 107 strains based on the internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 (ITS1 and 2) of the ribosomal RNA gene cluster and the partial sequence of the translation elongation factor 1 alpha (tef1) gene revealed that the diversity of Trichoderma was dominated (71 %) by three common cosmopolitan species, namely Trichoderma harzianum sensu lato (41 %), Trichoderma spirale (17 %) and Trichoderma koningiopsis (13 %). Four ITS 1 and 2 phylotypes (13 strains) could not be identified with certainty. Multigene phylogenetic analysis and phenotype profiling of four strains with an ITS1 and 2 phylotype similar to Trichoderma strigosum revealed a new sister species of the latter that is described here as Trichoderma strigosellum sp. nov. Sequence similarity searches revealed that this species also occurs in soils of Malaysia and Cameroon, suggesting a pantropical distribution.
authors.affiliation: CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre (CBS-KNAW), Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Carlos A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: López-Quintero
authors.forename: Lea
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Atanasova
authors.forename: A Esperanza
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Franco-Molano
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gams
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Komon-Zelazowska
authors.forename: Bart
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Theelen
authors.forename: Wally H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: Teun
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Boekhout
authors.forename: Irina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Druzhinina
mesh_terms: D044822:Biodiversity; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003105:Colombia; D058893:DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D006239:Haplotypes; D008828:Microbiological Techniques; D008853:Microscopy; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D014242:Trichoderma / Q000145:classification* / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer