title: MAIL: mining sequential patterns with wildcards.
abstract: Sequential pattern mining is an important research task in many domains, such as biological science. In this paper, we study the problem of mining frequent patterns from sequences with wildcards. The user can specify the gap constraints with flexibility. Given a subject sequence, a minimal support threshold and a gap constraint, we aim to find frequent patterns whose supports in the sequence are no less than the given support threshold. We design an efficient mining algorithm MAIL. Two pattern growth strategies are proposed to improve the completeness and the time efficiency. One is based on the candidate occurrence pruning, and the other uses an occurrence graph. A random data generator is designed to test the completeness on artificial data. Experiments on DNA sequences show that MAIL mines four times more patterns than one of its peers and the time performance is six times faster on average than its another peer. We also give a concrete example in which our algorithm is applied on DNA sequences to find interesting patterns.
authors.affiliation: College of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China. xiefei9815057@sina.com
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Xindong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Xuegang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Yulian
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fei
authors.forename: Ertian
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hua
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001483:Base Sequence; D016247:Information Storage and Retrieval; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated / Q000379:methods*; D012984:Software