title: Serum calcium and the calcium-sensing receptor polymorphism rs17251221 in relation to coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes, cancer and mortality: the Tromsø Study.
abstract: Serum calcium measured in 27,158 subjects in 1994 and the calcium-sensing receptor polymorphism rs17251221 genotyped in 9,404 subjects were related to cardiovascular risk factors, incident myocardial infarction (MI), type 2 diabetes (T2DM), cancer and death during follow-up until 2008-2010. In a Cox regression model with adjustment for age, gender, smoking and body mass index, subjects with serum calcium 2.50-2.60 mmol/L had a significantly increased risk of incident MI [n = 1,802, hazards ratio (HR) 1.40, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.18, 1.66] and T2DM (n = 705, HR 1.49, 95 % CI 1.15, 1.94) and a significantly reduced risk of cancer (n = 2,222, HR 0.73, 95 % CI 0.62, 0.86) as compared to subjects with serum calcium 2.20-2.29 mmol/L. For rs17251221 there was a mean difference in serum calcium of 0.05 mmol/L between major and minor homozygote genotypes. No consistent, significant relation between rs17251221 and risk factors or the major hard endpoints were found. The minor homozygote genotype (high serum calcium) had a significant twofold increased risk (HR 2.32, 95 % CI 1.24, 4.36) for prostate cancer, as compared to the major homozygote. This may be clinically important if confirmed in other cohorts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø, 9038, Tromsö, Norway. rolf.jorde@unn.no
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jorde
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schirmer
authors.forename: Inger
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Njølstad
authors.forename: Maja-Lisa
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Løchen
authors.forename: Ellisiv
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bøgeberg Mathiesen
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kamycheva
authors.forename: Yngve
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Figenschau
authors.forename: Guri
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Grimnes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009026:Mortality; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011159:Population Surveillance; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D044169:Receptors, Calcium-Sensing / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D044169:Receptors, Calcium-Sensing; D002118:Calcium