title: Proteomic profile of keratins in cancer of the gingivo buccal complex: consolidating insights for clinical applications.
abstract: Keratins play a major role in several cellular functions. Each tissue type expresses a specific set of keratins. The immense potential of keratins as diagnostic and prognostic markers for different cancers is emerging. Oral cancer is the fifteenth most common cancer worldwide. However, comprehensive information on the profile of keratins in the oral cavity is not available. Several independent reports have identified keratins using antibody based techniques which have pitfalls due to the cross reactivity of the antibodies to this set of very homologous proteins. A few recent proteomic studies have reported the identification of keratins in head and neck cancer. Majority of the studies have used tissues from the head and neck region without specifying subsites. This study reports the analysis of enriched preparations of keratins from cancer of the gingivo buccal complex (GBC) using MS, 2DE, WB, silver staining of 2DE gels and IHC. Our study reveals the absence of K4 and K13 and presence of K14, K16, and K17, in cancers of the GBC and combination of these expression patterns in the cut margins. This report also shows that K13 is glycosylated. This well characterized profile of keratins may have potential to be used in clinics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In recent years the immense potential of keratins as diagnostic and prognostic markers for different cancers is emerging. However, comprehensive information on the profile of keratins in the oral cavity is not available. Several independent reports have identified keratins using only antibody based techniques which have pitfalls due to the cross reactivity of the antibodies to this set of very homologous proteins. This study reports the analysis of enriched preparations of keratins from a subsite of the oral cavity, the gingivo buccal complex (GBC) using mass spectrometry, 2DE, western blotting, silver staining of 2DE gels and IHC. The proteomic analysis shows the absence of K4 and K13 and presence of K14, K16, and K17 in cancers of the GBC and combination of these expression patterns in the cut margins. This well characterized profile of keratins from the gingivo buccal complex provides defined markers which may have potential to be used in the clinics.
authors.affiliation: Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi-Mumbai, 410210, India.
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fulzele
authors.forename: Siddhi A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Malgundkar
authors.forename: Rukmini B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Govekar
authors.forename: Asawari
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Patil
authors.forename: Shubhada V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Kane
authors.forename: Pankaj
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chaturvedi
authors.forename: Anil K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: D'Cruz
authors.forename: Surekha M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Zingde
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D005881:Gingiva / Q000378:metabolism*; D006031:Glycosylation; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007633:Keratins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D040901:Proteomics
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D007633:Keratins
keywords: 1-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; 1DE; 2-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; 2DE; ACN; CM; Cancer of the gingivo buccal complex; ECL; GBC; H&E; HNSCC; IF; IHC; IPG; Immunohistochemistry; Keratin profile; Keratins as biomarkers; MS; Mass spectrometry; N; OSF; PVDF; SCC; T; TFA; WB; acetonitrile; adjacent normal; cut margin; enhanced chemiluminescence; gingivo buccal complex; haematoxylin and eosin staining; head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; immobilised pH gradient; immunofluorescence; immunohistochemistry; mass spectrometry; oral submucous fibrosis; polyvinylidene fluoride; squamous cell carcinoma; trifluoroacetic acid; tumor; western blotting