title: Cancer incidence trends among native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders in the United States, 1990-2008.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lack of annual population estimates for disaggregated Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander (NHOPI) populations limits the ability to examine cancer incidence rates and trends to understand the cancer burdens among NHOPIs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Utilizing 1990 and 2000 population census data, we estimated the annual populations by age and sex for Native Hawaiians, Samoans, and Guamanians/Chamorros for 1990-2008 in regions covered by 13 of the National Cancer Institute's SEER registries. Cancer diagnoses during 1990-2008 from these registries were used to calculate the age-adjusted (2000 US Standard) incidence rates by sex, calendar year/period, and cancer type for each population. The annual percentage change (APC) in incidence rates was estimated with the 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) calculated for both the rate and APC estimates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistically significant declining trends were found in Native Hawaiians, in men for lung and stomach cancers (APC = -2.3%; 95% CI = -3.3 to -1.3; and APC = -3.8%; 95% CI = -6.0 to -1.6, respectively), and in women for breast cancer (APC = -4.1%; 95% CI = -5.7 to -2.5) since 1998 and lung cancer (APC = -6.4%; 95% CI = -10.7 to -1.8) since 2001. Rising incidence trends were experienced by Samoans, especially by Samoan women for breast (APC = 2.7%; 95% CI = 0.9 to 4.5) and uterus (APC = 7.3%; 95% CI = 6.2 to 8.4) cancers. With limited data, Guamanians/Chamorros demonstrated lower, but increasing, incidence rates than other NHOPIs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Population-based cancer incidence rates for disaggregated NHOPI populations help identify disparities in cancer burden and provide valuable information to improve cancer control efforts among NHOPIs.
authors.affiliation: Los Angeles Cancer Surveillance Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9238, USA. lihualiu@usc.edu
authors.forename: Lihua
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Anne-Michelle
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Noone
authors.forename: Scarlett Lin
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Gomez
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Scoppa
authors.forename: James T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.forename: Daphne
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lichtensztajn
authors.forename: Kari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fish
authors.forename: Lynne R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Wilkens
authors.forename: Marc T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Goodman
authors.forename: Cyllene
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: Sandy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kwong
authors.forename: Dennis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Deapen
authors.forename: Barry A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology; D017281:Cost of Illness; D005260:Female; D006254:Hawaii / Q000208:ethnology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D044468:Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D018426:SEER Program; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology