title: [Bone mineral density in children with long-term antiepileptic therapy].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vitamin D active metabolites deficit that is al: tered by negative calcium and phosphorus balance is a potential complication during long-term antiepileptic drug therapy.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to examine lumbar bone mineral density (BMD) in epileptic children receiving antiepileptic drug therapy longer than one year.
  
  
  METHODS
  The examined sample consisted of 34 epileptic children, 18 male and 16 female, aged 6-12 (9.77+/-2.01) years, treated with carbamazepine, valproate, phenobarbital, lamotrigine or their combination without vitamin D supplementation. The lumbar spine BMD (L1-L4) was estimated by a Lunar densitometer and obtained results were compared with results of 35 matched population of healthy children from the control group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lumbar BMD Z-score was significantly lower in female patients treated with antiepileptic therapy compared with those in the control group (-1.048+/-1.35 vs. -0.399+/-0.518; p=0.03). Bone mineral density Z-score decrease of both gender groups receiving antiepileptic polytherapy was significantly lower compared to the control group (-1.153+/-0.938 vs. -0.043+/-0.815; p=0.007). Therapy duration had no influence on the lumbar BMD level decrease either in boys (rxy=0.33; p=0.174) or in girls (rxy=0.02; p=0.935) treated with antlepileptic therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results have indicated that antiepileptic drug therapy usage longer than one year can have adverse affects on the lumbar spine BMD (L1-L4) in epileptic children, and that prophylactic vitamin D supplementation is also necessary in these patients.
authors.forename: Milena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dimić
authors.forename: Aleksandar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dimić
authors.forename: Zoran
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Milosević
authors.forename: Jelena
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vojinović
mesh_terms: D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000145:classification; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects*; D001851:Bone Diseases, Metabolic / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003720:Densitometry / Q000379:methods; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000378:metabolism; D013995:Time; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014815:Vitamins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D014815:Vitamins; D014807:Vitamin D; D010758:Phosphorus; D002118:Calcium