title: Executive functioning in children and adolescents with symptoms of sluggish cognitive tempo and ADHD.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to observe whether the independent presence of Sluggish Cognitive Tempo (SCT) directly impacts on the Executive Function (EF), and to determine whether there are deficits in EF that are unique to ADHD predominantly inattentive (ADHD-I) or SCT.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-six participants aged 6 to 17 years and their parents were assessed using a diagnostic interview, an instrument that assesses the EF, and another instrument that assesses the SCT. Two hierarchical linear regression models were performed. The first one analyzed the independent relationship between SCT and EF, and the second model added the symptomatology of ADHD-I.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The SCT has a statistically significant direct relation on the EF deficits and remains in the second model even with the inclusion of the ADHD-I.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The SCT and ADHD-I symptoms independently promote executive deficits. Children with ADHD-I symptoms showed deficits in most areas of the EF. Deficits in inhibition and initiative are unique to inattention.
authors.affiliation: Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Spain eva.araujo.j@gmail.com evaaraujoj@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Eva Angelina
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Araujo Jiménez
authors.affiliation: Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: María Claustre
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Jané Ballabriga
authors.affiliation: Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bonillo Martin
authors.affiliation: Consorci Hospitalari de Vic, Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco Javier
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Arrufat
authors.affiliation: Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Serra Giacobo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001288:Attention; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D056344:Executive Function; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis; D010290:Parents; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: ADHD; adolescents; children; executive function; sluggish cognitive tempo