title: [Arterialized venous free flaps for resurfacing hand and finger defects].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Soft tissue defects on the hand and on the fingers with exposed functional structures require a thin and sturdy closure. If skin grafts or local flaps are not possible the arterialized venous free flaps represent a good alternative.
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective study included all arterialized venous free flaps used for hand and finger defects since 2005. We evaluated type and technique (for example antegrade vs. retrograde arterial inflow and the number of veins) and size of the flaps. Flap harvesting time was also examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  11 venous flaps were used for resurfacing hand and finger defects. Most of them were retrogradely arterialized. 10 of 11 flaps healed uneventfully. Due to a thrombosis in an outflowing vein one flap was lost at the sixth postoperative day. Median size of the arterialized flaps was 6×4 cm and the median time for flap harvest was 38 (27-51) min. The donor site was primarily closed in 2 cases and in 9 cases with a skin graft.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Arterialized venous free flaps represent a reliable and safe option for resurfacing hand and finger defects. Easy and fast harvesting due to the visible venous vascular system is an advantage. The flaps are thin, pliable and can be easily adjusted to the needs of the defect. Using conservative measures it is possible to control side effects like venous pooling, swelling and purplish discoloration. With arterialized venous free flaps early hand therapy is possible, in contrast to heterodigital and local flaps. In comparison to other free flaps it is not necessary to sacrifice an artery at the donor site.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Plastische, Wiederhstellungs- und Ästhetische Chirurgie, Handchirurgie, Klinikum Bielefeld, Bielefeld. lwalle@web.de
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Walle
authors.forename: F H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Vollbach
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fansa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001158:Arteries / Q000503:physiopathology; D001166:Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005383:Finger Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D058752:Free Tissue Flaps / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000601:surgery*; D006225:Hand / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000601:surgery*; D006230:Hand Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018461:Soft Tissue Infections / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D017695:Soft Tissue Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D012983:Soft Tissue Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000601:surgery*; D013933:Thumb / Q000098:blood supply / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery*; D014680:Veins / Q000601:surgery