title: Single cell spectroscopy: noninvasive measures of small-scale structure and function.
abstract: The advancement of spectroscopy methods attained through increases in sensitivity, and often with the coupling of complementary techniques, has enabled real-time structure and function measurements of single cells. The purpose of this review is to illustrate, in light of advances, the strengths and the weaknesses of these methods. Included also is an assessment of the impact of the experimental setup and conditions of each method on cellular function and integrity. A particular emphasis is placed on noninvasive and nondestructive techniques for achieving single cell detection, including nuclear magnetic resonance, in addition to physical, optical, and vibrational methods.
authors.affiliation: Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States.
authors.forename: Charilaos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mousoulis
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Reiter
authors.forename: Corey P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Neu
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force / Q000379:methods; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods; D059010:Single-Cell Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000379:methods
keywords: Atomic force microscopy; Fluorescence microscopy; Nuclear magnetic resonance; Single cells; Spectroscopy