title: [Recommendations for the treatment of heart failure : What's new?].
abstract: Treatment escalation of chronic systolic heart failure depends on left ventricular function and symptoms of the patients. In symptomatic patients with severely reduced left ventricular function (ejection fraction ≤ 30 %), the following therapeutic approaches are recommended: (1) angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (angiotensin receptor blocker in case of ACE inhibitor intolerance); (2) β-blockers; (3) mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists; (4) diuretics in case of signs and symptoms of congestion; (5) digitalis, in particular in patients with atrial fibrillation; (6) ivabradine in patients with sinus rhythm and a heart rate ≥ 75/min; (7) an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD); (8) in case of left bundle branch block or wide QRS complex, cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT; in most cases in combination with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator); (9) intravenous administration of iron in case of iron deficiency; (10) exercise training should be strongly recommended in patients with stable heart failure.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Kardiologie und Pneumologie, Herzzentrum, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Deutschland. hasenfus@med.uni-goettingen.de
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hasenfuß
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Edelmann
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wachter
mesh_terms: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable; D004232:Diuretics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D004232:Diuretics