title: Occurrence of Fusarium mycotoxins in Italian cereal and cereal products from organic farming.
abstract: In the present study, the occurrence of eighteen mycotoxins, nine trichothecenes (deoxynivalenol, 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol, 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, neosolaniol, diacetoxyscirpenol, fusarenon-X, T-2 toxin and HT-2 toxin), three zearalenones (zearalenone, α-zearalenol and β-zearalenol), and six emergent mycotoxins, beauvericin and five enniatins (A, A1, B, B1 and B4), was monitored in different Italian organic cereals and cereal products by using a liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry method. A total of 93 organic cereal samples (wheat, barley, rye and oat) were collected from Italy. Limits of quantification ranged from 5 to 15 μg/kg. 80% of analyzed samples contained mycotoxins. The occurrence was 33%, 6.5%, 2%, 27%, 7%, 10% and 43% for deoxynivalenol, HT-2, T-2, nivalenol, zearalenone, beauvericin and enniatins, respectively. The major mycotoxin found was enniatin B4; it was detected in 40% of all analyzed samples and its levels ranged from 5.7 to 284.2 μg/kg. Risk assessment was evaluated by EDI calculations which were lower than TDI for all legislated Fusarium mycotoxins.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Universitá 100, Portici, 80055 Napoli, Italy. cristina.juan@uv.es
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Juan
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ritieni
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mañes
mesh_terms: D002523:Edible Grain / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D059022:Food Safety; D005670:Fusarium / Q000378:metabolism*; D007558:Italy; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D058871:Organic Agriculture
chemical_list: D009183:Mycotoxins
keywords: Enniatin; Fusarium; Mass spectrometry; Mycotoxin; Organic cereal