title: Improved glucose tolerance after high-load strength training in patients undergoing dialysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this controlled study was to investigate the effect of high-load strength training on glucose tolerance in patients undergoing dialysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  23 patients treated by dialysis underwent a 16-week control period followed by 16 weeks of strength training three times a week. Muscle fiber size, composition and capillary density were analyzed in biopsies obtained in the vastus lateralis muscle. Glucose tolerance and the insulin response were measured by a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All outcome measures remained unchanged during the control period. After strength training the relative area of type 2X fibers was decreased. Muscle fiber size and capillary density remained unchanged. After the strength training, insulin concentrations were significantly lower in patients with impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes (n = 14) (fasting insulin from 68 ± 12 (46-96) to 54 ± 10 (37-77) pmol/l, p < 0.05, 2-hour insulin from 533 ± 104 (356-776) to 344 ± 68 (226-510) pmol/l, p < 0.05, total insulin area under the curve from 1,868 ± 334 (1,268-2,536) to 1,465 ± 222 (1,094-1,913), p < 0.05). Insulin concentrations were unchanged in patients with normal glucose tolerance (n = 9).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The conducted strength training was associated with a significant improvement in glucose tolerance in patients with impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes undergoing dialysis. The effect was apparently not associated with muscle hypertrophy, whereas the muscle fiber type composition was changed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark. stimo@regionh.dk
authors.forename: Stig
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Molsted
authors.forename: Adrian P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Harrison
authors.forename: Inge
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Eidemak
authors.forename: Flemming
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dela
authors.forename: Jesper L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Andersen
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome