title: A comparative study of salivary buffering capacity, flow rate, resting pH, and salivary Immunoglobulin A in children with rampant caries and caries-resistant children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was conducted to identify various factors in the development of rampant type of dental caries in South Kerala children, other than high sucrose intake and poor oral hygiene. This was done by comparing the salivary buffering capacity(BC), flow-rate(FR), resting pH and salivary immunoglobulin-A(s-IgA) levels in children who are caries resistant(CR) and who have rampant dental caries.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two study groups, a rampant caries group(RC) with more than five active caries lesions in the early stages and a CR with no caries lesions were selected based on a specific criteria. Unstimulated whole mixed saliva was collected directly from the floor of the mouth for a period of 10 min and the FR was calculated. Resting pH of saliva was measured using color coded pH paper. BC was measured by calculating the amount of citric acid of pH2.5, required to lower the initial pH of saliva down to 3. s-IgA levels were also estimated by immunoturbidometric method after forming a precipitate of s-IgA with specific anti-IgA antibodies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The salivary BC, FRs, pH and s-IgA levels were significantly lower in the RC group when compared to the CR group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed that salivary BC, flow-rate, resting pH and levels of s-IgA in saliva are risk factors in the development of RC in children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Sri Sankara Dental College, Varkala, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuriakose
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sundaresan
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mathai
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Khosla
authors.forename: F M A
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Gaffoor
mesh_terms: D002021:Buffers; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000378:metabolism*; D003733:Dental Caries Susceptibility / Q000502:physiology*; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory / Q000032:analysis*; D009910:Oral Hygiene; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D012636:Secretory Rate / Q000502:physiology; D017186:Titrimetry
chemical_list: D002021:Buffers; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory; D019343:Citric Acid