title: Clinical anatomy of the periocular region.
abstract: The aims of this article are twofold: (1) to provide the facial plastic surgeon with a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of periocular anatomy including the brow, midface, and temporal region and (2) to highlight important anatomical relationships that must be appreciated in order to achieve the best possible functional and aesthetic surgical outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Oculoplastic and Craniofacial Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom. pari.shams@gmail.com
authors.forename: Pari N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Shams
authors.forename: Santiago
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ortiz-Pérez
authors.forename: Naresh
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Joshi
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D002610:Cheek / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D003228:Conjunctiva / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005138:Eyebrows / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005143:Eyelids / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000098:blood supply / Q000294:innervation; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000294:innervation; D005154:Facial Nerve / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005205:Fascia / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005546:Forehead / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D006801:Humans; D008442:Maxillary Nerve / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D009666:Nose / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D009915:Orbit / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000294:innervation; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures; D012535:Scalp / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D012867:Skin / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D013701:Temporal Bone / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D013703:Temporal Muscle / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000294:innervation; D013710:Tendons / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D014321:Trochlear Nerve / Q000033:anatomy & histology