title: Validation of the prognostic value of lymph node ratio in patients with penile squamous cell carcinoma: a population-based study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to validate the prognostic value of lymph node ratio (LNR), the proportion of metastatic among removed lymph nodes, for patients with penile squamous cell carcinoma in a population-based database.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 210 eligible patients with node-positive disease were identified from the surveillance epidemiology end results database. Cancer-specific survival (CSS) was the clinical outcome of interest. The prognostic ability of LNR was assessed by Cox regression analyses. Logrank test was used to compare CSS between low-risk and high-risk groups stratified by cutoff points of LNR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median number of LNs removed was 16, and the median value of LNR was 0.20. First, LNR was a significant prognostic factor of CSS in univariate analysis (HR = 4.08). Second, LNR retained independent predictive ability (HR = 6.74) in the multivariate model including demographic data, disease characteristics and number-based LN variables. Addition of LNR remarkably improved the predictive accuracy and clinical usefulness of the survival model. Third, maximum stratification of CSS can be achieved at the cutoff point of 0.33.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the population-based study, LNR outperformed number-based LN variables for predicting CSS of node-positive penile cancer. The ratio-based prognostic factor stresses the important role of adequate LND and identification of metastatic LNs in the community setting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Cheng-Yuan
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Ding-Wei
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Ye
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010412:Penile Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D018426:SEER Program; D015996:Survival Rate