title: Improved assessment of pyrogenic carbon quantity and quality in environmental samples by high-performance liquid chromatography.
abstract: The analysis of pyrogenic carbon (PyC) in environmental samples is of great interest, e.g. for carbon cycle assessment, (bio-)char characterization and palaeo-environmental or archeological reconstruction. Here, an HPLC method (HPLC) is presented that reproducibly quantifies benzene polycarboxylic acids (BPCA) as molecular markers for PyC in various kinds of environmental samples. It operates at low pH without requiring an organic modifier and was thoroughly tested with PyC reference materials and a peatland core that served as a feasibility and plausibility check. Compared to the established gas chromatography (GC) method, the HPLC method results in higher BPCA quantification reproducibility by showing a significantly smaller coefficient of variation (HPLC: 5%, GC: 16-23%). It works well with small sample amounts, as for instance from sediment cores and aerosol collectors, and requires less sample preparation work than the GC method. Moreover, the here presented HPLC method facilitates (13)C and (14)C analyses on PyC from environmental samples.
authors.affiliation: Department of Geography, Soil Science and Biogeography, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland. daniel.wiedemeier@geo.uzh.ch
authors.forename: Daniel B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Wiedemeier
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Hilf
authors.forename: Rienk H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Smittenberg
authors.forename: Simon G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Haberle
authors.forename: Michael W I
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Schmidt
mesh_terms: D001555:Benzene Derivatives / Q000032:analysis*; D002264:Carboxylic Acids / Q000032:analysis*; D002606:Charcoal / Q000737:chemistry*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000032:analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D001555:Benzene Derivatives; D002264:Carboxylic Acids; D012987:Soil; C540010:biochar; D002606:Charcoal
keywords: BPCA; Black carbon; Char; Pyrogenic organic matter; Sediment; Soil