title: Increased antioxidant response and capability to produce ROS in hemocytes of Pinna nobilis L. exposed to anthropogenic activity.
abstract: Environmental pollutants exert immunotoxical effects on aquatic organisms. The aim was to determine the antioxidant response, markers of oxidative damage and reactive oxygen species production in hemocytes of Pinna nobilis, the largest endemic bivalve in the Mediterranean Sea, under anthropogenic pressure. P. nobilis individuals were collected from two locations along Mallorca Island waters attending to different degree of human impact and the hemocytes were obtained. Specimens from the impacted area showed increased activities of the antioxidant enzymes - catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase -, myeloperoxidase activity and reduced glutathione levels. No differences in oxidative damage markers - malondiahdehyde and carbonyl index - were evidenced between the pristine and polluted areas. Hemocytes from the polluted area presented increased capability to generate reactive oxygen species and nitrite/nitrate when activated. In conclusion, the human activities primed hemocytes for oxidative burst and increased the antioxidant mechanism without evidence of oxidative damage.
authors.affiliation: Grup de Nutrició Comunitària i Estrès Oxidatiu (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma, Spain. tosugo@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Antoni
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sureda
authors.forename: Antonino
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Natalotto
authors.forename: Elvira
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.forename: Salud
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Deudero
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D049872:Bivalvia / Q000378:metabolism*; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D004787:Environmental Pollution; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000378:metabolism; D006434:Hemocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008522:Mediterranean Sea; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D013030:Spain; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005980:Glutathione Reductase; D005978:Glutathione
keywords: Antioxidant enzyme; Balearic Islands; Biomarker; Oxidative stress; Pollution