title: The comparison of the intestinal adaptation effects of subcutaneous and oral insulin in a rats with short bowel syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Insulin has been reported to have positive effects on intestinal adaptation after short bowel syndrome when applicated oral or subcutaneously. The purpose of this study is to compare the intestinal adaptation effects of subcutaneous and oral routes of insulin in rats with short bowel syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  The short bowel syndrome (SBS) was performed through 70-75% of small intestinal resection and an end-to-end anastomosis. The control group rats underwent SBS only. In the second group, oral insulin (1 U/ml) was administrated twice-daily. In the last group, the insulin was administrated subcutaneously (1 U/kg) as in the control group. All rats were killed on day 15. Outcome parameters were weight of small intestine, the crypt length, villous depth, the blood levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and granolocyt-monocyst colony-stimulating factor (GMCSF).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intestinal weight was significantly more in oral insulin group and subcutaneous insulin group than in the control group (72.6 ± 4.3, 78.6 ± 4.8 and 59.7 ± 4.8) (P < 0.05). There was no difference between the groups according to villus length, crypt depth, and villous/crypt ratio both in proximal and distal parts of the resected bowel (P > 0.05). VEGF values were not statistically significant between the groups (200.3 ± 41.6, 178.9 ± 30.7 and 184.3 ± 52.2) (P > 0.05). GMCSF was statistically higher in the control group than in other groups (3.34 ± 1.34, 1.56 ± 0.44 and 1.56 ± 0.44) (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Insulin has positive effects on intestinal adaptation in short bowel syndrome. Subcutaneous administration is slightly more effective than the oral route.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey.
authors.forename: Unal
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Bicakci
authors.forename: Ozgur K
authors.initials: OK
authors.lastname: Tuncel
authors.forename: Birsen
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bilgici
authors.forename: Burak
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tander
authors.forename: Ender
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ariturk
authors.forename: Riza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rizalar
authors.forename: Omer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Alici
authors.forename: Ferit
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bernay
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects*; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012778:Short Bowel Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin