title: Comparative radiographic and resonance frequency analyses of the peri-implant tissue after dental implants placement using flap and flapless techniques: an experimental study on domestic pigs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Flapless implant surgery has become very important issue during recent years, mostly thanks to computerization of dentistry and software planning of dental implants placements. The aim of this study was to compare flap and flapless surgical techniques for implant placement through radiographic and radiofrequency analyses.
  
  
  METHODS
  The experiment was made in five domestic pigs. Nine weeks following domestic pigs teeth extraction, implants were placed, on the right side using surgical technique flap, and flapless on the left side. Digital dental Xrays were applied to determine primary dental implant stability quality (ISQ). At certain intervals, not later than three months, the experimental animals were sacrificed, and just before it, control X-rays were applied to measure dental implants stability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Radiographic analysis showed that peri-implant bone resorption in the first 4 weeks following placement implants with flap and flapless surgical techniques was negligible. After the 3 months, mean value of peri-implant bone resorption of the implants placed using flap tehnique was 1.86 mm, and of those placed using flapless tehnique was 1.13 mm. In relation to the primary dental implant stability in the first and second week there was an expected decrease in ISQ values, but it was less expressed in the dental implants placed using the flapless technique. In the third week the ISQ values were increased in the dental implants placed by using both techniques, but the increase in flapless implant placement was higher (7.4 ISQ) than in flap implant placement (1.5 ISQ). The upward trend continued in a 4-week period, and after 3 months the dental implant stability values in the implants placed using flap technique were higher than the primary stability for 7.1 ISQ, and in the implants placed using flapless technique were higher comparing to the primary stability for 10.1 ISQ units.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on the results of radiographic and resonance frequency analyses it can be concluded that the flapless technique in surgical implants placemat, leads to better results.
authors.affiliation: Deparmtent of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pristina Kosovska Mitrovica, Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia. zoran.vlahovic@t-com.me
authors.forename: Zoran
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Vlahović
authors.forename: Branko
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mihailović
authors.forename: Zoran
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lazić
authors.forename: Mileta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Golubović
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods*; D015921:Dental Implants; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008334:Mandible / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008437:Maxilla / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016348:Osseointegration; D011859:Radiography; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants