title: A traffic light food labeling intervention increases consumer awareness of health and healthy choices at the point-of-purchase.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We surveyed customers in a hospital cafeteria in Boston, Massachusetts before and after implementation of traffic light food labeling to determine the effect of labels on customers' awareness and purchase of healthy foods.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cafeteria items were identified as red (unhealthy), yellow (less healthy), or green (healthy). Customers were interviewed before (N=166) and after (N=223) labeling was implemented. Each respondent was linked to cash register data to determine the proportion of red, yellow, and green items purchased. Data were collected from February-April 2010. We compared responses to survey questions and mean proportion of red, yellow, and green items per transaction between customers interviewed during baseline and customers interviewed during the intervention. Survey response rate was 60%.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Comparing responses during labeling intervention to baseline, more respondents identified health/nutrition as an important factor in their purchase (61% vs. 46%, p=0.004) and reported looking at nutrition information (33% vs. 15%, p<0.001). Respondents who noticed labels during the intervention and reported that labels influenced their purchases were more likely to purchase healthier items than respondents who did not notice labels (p<0.001 for both).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Traffic light food labels prompted individuals to consider their health and to make healthier choices at point-of-purchase.
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts General Hospital, 165 Cambridge St., Suite 402, Boston, MA 02114, USA. Electronic address: lsonnenberg@partners.org.
authors.forename: Lillian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sonnenberg
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gelsomin
authors.forename: Douglas E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Riis
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Barraclough
authors.forename: Anne N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Thorndike
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003258:Consumer Behavior; D005260:Female; D005502:Food / Q000592:standards; D005515:Food Labeling / Q000379:methods*; D005518:Food Preferences / Q000523:psychology*; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012147:Restaurants
keywords: Food labeling; Nutrition labeling; Obesity