title: Plasmatic dermatan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate determination in mucopolysaccharidoses.
abstract: The evaluation of plasmatic galactosaminoglycans, dermatan sulfate (DS) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) can be helpful in the early identification of MPS patients, also considering that primary storage of one type of GAG can lead to secondary accumulation of other lysosomal substrates. We explore the possibility to determine plasmatic DS and CS in numerous healthy pediatric (and sometimes adult) subjects depending on age and in patients affected by various forms of MPS. A highly sensitive HPLC separation and fluorescence detection was applied for plasma/serum DS and CS determination after a specific enzymatic treatment able to release their constituent disaccharides. DS and CS content decrease significantly with age in controls having high values in the first year (~8 μg/mL). A highly significant decrease was observed for 1-5-year-old (∼-33%) and 5-10-year-old (∼-65%) healthy subgroups. No further decrease was determined showing a stabilization after 5 years of age. MPS I Scheie and Hurler patients showed rather similar DS and CS content significantly higher than controls matched for age. Similarly, MPS II, III and IV subjects all presented significantly higher plasmatic DS and CS content compared to healthy subjects matched for age. The same trend was determined for the only patient affected by MPS VI. Plasmatic DS and CS analyzed by the present procedure may be a useful diagnostic and screening marker for various forms of MPS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy. volpi@unimo.it
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Volpi
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Maccari
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Galeotti
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zampini
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Santoro
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Padella
authors.forename: Tiziana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Galeazzi
authors.forename: Orazio
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gabrielli
authors.forename: Giovanni V
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Coppa
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates / Q000097:blood*; D003871:Dermatan Sulfate / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009083:Mucopolysaccharidoses / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D011134:Polysaccharides; D003871:Dermatan Sulfate; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates; C007815:galactosaminoglycan
keywords: 0s; 2,4,6tris; 2,4dis; 2,6dis; 4,6dis; 4s; 6s; Blood; CS; Chondroitin sulfate; DBS; DS; Dermatan sulfate; ERT; GAG(s); Glycosaminoglycans; HS; HSCT; KS; MPS; Mucopolysaccharidoses; Plasma; cheratan sulfate; chondroitin sulfate; dermatan sulfate; dried blood spots; enzyme-replacement therapy; glycosaminoglycan(s); hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; heparan sulfate; mucopolysaccharidoses; ΔUA-(1→3)-GalNAc; ΔUA-(1→3)-GalNAc-4,6dis; ΔUA-(1→3)-GalNAc-4s; ΔUA-(1→3)-GalNAc-6s; ΔUA-2s-(1→3)-GalNAc-4,6dis; ΔUA-2s-(1→3)-GalNAc-4s; ΔUA-2s-(1→3)-GalNAc-6s