title: Carbohydrate intake interacts with SNP276G>T polymorphism in the adiponectin gene to affect fasting blood glucose, HbA1C, and HDL cholesterol in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The SNP276G>T polymorphism in the adiponectin gene has been reported to be associated with type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance. The objective of this study was to examine whether SNP276G>T polymorphism influences the blood glucose levels in relation to dietary carbohydrate intake.
  
  
  METHODS
  In an ongoing, prospective study, 673 patients with type 2 diabetes (339 men and 334 women, aged 40-85 years) were recruited from one of two diabetes clinics in Seoul, Korea. The levels of carbohydrate intake were categorized as <55%, 55%-65%, and >65% of total energy intake.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant gene-nutrient interactions between SNP276G>T polymorphism and the level of carbohydrate intake were found, which modulated plasma fasting blood glucose (p=0.0277), HbA1C (p=0.0407), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (p=0.0134) concentrations. The G allele was associated with higher fasting blood glucose only in subjects consuming a low-carbohydrate diet (<55% of energy). However, when carbohydrate intake was intermediate (55%-65%), carriers of the T allele had greater fasting blood glucose and HbA1C concentrations. When carbohydrate intake was high (>65%), carriers of the T allele had greater HDL cholesterol concentrations. This interaction was significant even when carbohydrate intake was considered a continuous variable (p=0.0200 for fasting blood glucose, p=0.0408 for HbA1C, and p=0.0254 for HDL cholesterol), suggesting a strong dose-response relation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data show that the effect of the SNP276G>T polymorphism on plasma fasting blood glucose, HbA1C, and HDL cholesterol concentrations depends on dietary carbohydrate intake.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Education, Sangmyung University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ji-Yun
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Ji Eun
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Young Ju
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Kap Bum
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Huh
authors.forename: Namsoo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Wha Young
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044466:Asian People; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human