title: Albuminuria and its correlates in type 2 diabetic patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of albuminuria and its correlates and investigate disease management for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Ahvaz.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a cross-sectional study on the 350 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending the Diabetes Clinic at Golestan Hospital, from October 2010 to September 2011. Demographic characteristics were recorded and height, weight, and blood pressure were measured. Blood urea nitrogen and serum levels of creatinine, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, and glycosylated hemoglobin A were measured in fasting blood samples. Spot urine and 24-hour urine collection were tested for albumin and kidney ultrasonography was done.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 72 of 350 patients (20.6%) had microalbuminuria and 18 (5.1%) had macroalbuminuria. Elevated serum creatinine was seen in 6.9% and azotemia in 6.0%. In multivariable analysis, blood urea nitrogen level, glycosylated hemoglobin A, and duration of diabetes mellitus were associated with urinary albumin excretion (P = .04). A small proportion of the participants achieved optimal treatment goals for modifiable risk factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Abnormal urinary albumin excretion is seen in one-quarter of type 2 diabetic patients and a small but important number of them have azotemia. Albuminuria was found to be associated with long-term duration of diabetes mellitus, poor glucose control (revealed by high glycosylated hemoglobin A levels), and high blood urea nitrogen. Poor glycemic control may have a significant role in the progression of diabetic nephropathy in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
authors.forename: Mehrnoosh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zakkerkish
authors.forename: Hajieh Bibi
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Shahbazian
authors.forename: Heshmatollah
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shahbazian
authors.forename: Seyed Mahmoud
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Latifi
authors.forename: Armaghan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moravej Aleali
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D053099:Azotemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D016014:Linear Models; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D003404:Creatinine; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human