title: Dynamic characterization of aortic annulus geometry and morphology with multimodality imaging: predictive value for aortic regurgitation after transcatheter aortic valve replacement.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), as compared with those undergoing surgical aortic valve replacement (AVR), have higher postprocedural aortic regurgitation (AR), associated with higher mortality. We hypothesized that reduced annular deformation is associated with higher postprocedural AR and sought to assess incremental value of assessment of aortic annular deformation in prediction of post-TAVR AR.
  
  
  METHODS
  We included 87 patients with high-risk severe aortic stenosis (AS) (81 ± 10 years, 54% men) who underwent preprocedural echocardiography and contrast-enhanced (4-dimensional) multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) of the aortic root, followed by TAVR (n = 55) or surgical AVR (n = 32). On MDCT, minimal/maximal annular circumference, circumferential deformation (maximum-minimum over cardiac cycle), and eccentricity (largest/smallest diameter during systole) were calculated. Degree of commissural/annular calcification was graded semiquantitatively (scale 1-3). Oversizing/undersizing of the prosthesis during TAVR was assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pre-AVR aortic valve area (0.6 ± 0.1 vs 0.6 ± 0.1 cm(2)), mean aortic valve gradient (46 ± 14 vs 45 ± 11 mm Hg), AR (1 ± 0.8 vs 0.9 ± 0.7), maximal annular circumference (8 ± 1 vs 7.9 ± 0.8 cm), annular deformation (0.3 ± 0.1 vs 0.3 ± 0.1 cm), eccentricity (1.2 ± 0.1 vs 1.2 ± 0.1), commissural (2.1 ± 0.6 vs 2 ± 0.7), and annular calcification scores (1.7 ± 0.8 vs 1.7 ± 0.8) were similar in TAVR and surgical AVR groups (P = not significant). A higher proportion of patients had ≥ mild AR in the TAVR than in the surgical AVR group (58% vs 34%; P < .03). In TAVR patients, reduced annular deformation (P = .01) predicted postprocedural AR, in addition to prosthesis undersizing (P = .03) and higher annular calcification (P = .03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Residual post-TAVR AR is predicted by reduced aortic annular deformity, higher annular calcification, and prosthesis undersizing. Pre-TAVR 4-dimensional annular assessment aids in prediction of post-TAVR AR.
authors.affiliation: Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Masri
authors.affiliation: Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schoenhagen
authors.affiliation: Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Svensson
authors.affiliation: Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
authors.forename: Samir R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Kapadia
authors.affiliation: Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
authors.forename: Brian P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Griffin
authors.affiliation: Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
authors.forename: E Murat
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Tuzcu
authors.affiliation: Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio. Electronic address: desaim2@ccf.org.
authors.forename: Milind Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Desai
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001021:Aortic Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D001022:Aortic Valve Insufficiency / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D001024:Aortic Valve Stenosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation; D003287:Contrast Media; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D005260:Female; D056973:Four-Dimensional Computed Tomography; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D061330:Multidetector Computed Tomography; D064847:Multimodal Imaging / Q000379:methods; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media