title: Venturi-electrosonic spray ionization cataluminescence sensor array for saccharides detection.
abstract: In this article, a Venturi electrosonic spray ionization (V-ESSI) cataluminescence (CTL) sensor array was reported for discriminating saccharides in solution. Integrating electrosonic spray ionization (ESSI), a liquid system of Venturi self-pumping injection for the CTL reaction, was fabricated for enhancing CTL reactivity of aqueous samples. Comparing with simple Venturi injection by air and Venturi easy ambient sonic-spray ionization without electric assistance (V-EASI), the remarkable enhancement of CTL signals resulted from V-ESSI. This system showed higher cross-reactive CTL responses catalyzed by alkaline earth metal-nanomaterials than other catalysts, giving different signals for a given saccharide on different catalysts and different responses for different saccharides on the same catalyst. Then, a 4 × 2 CTL sensor array was used for obtaining "fingerprints" of distinct CTL response patterns. Analyzed by linear discriminant analysis (LDA), this V-ESSI CTL sensor array not only achieved the well discrimination of different saccharides (99.9% of total variation) but also discriminated four groups of urine sugar-level for urine samples from diabetic patients (98.1% of discrimination accuracy). It had good reproducibility and gave a linear range of 22.5-67558 μg/mL (R > 0.99) for xylose with a detection limit of 7.4 μg/mL on MgO. As a new artificial tongue, this system provided a simple, rapid, low cost, low energy consumption, and environmentally friendly pathway for aqueous sample discrimination. It has dramatically expanded applications of the CTL-based senor array and will be applicable to clinical diagnoses, environment monitoring, industrial controls, food industry, and various marine monitoring.
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
authors.forename: Jiaying
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Feifei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ouyang
authors.forename: Quanmin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Na
mesh_terms: D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000032:analysis*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003429:Cross Reactions; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D049449:Luminescence; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000295:instrumentation*
chemical_list: D002241:Carbohydrates