title: The effects of honey and vitamin E administration on apoptosis in testes of rat exposed to noise stress.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A variety of stress factors are known to inhibit male reproductive functions. So this study was conducted in order to investigate the effects of honey and vitamin E on the germinative and somatic cells of testes of rats exposed to noise stress.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mature male wistar rats (n = 24) were randomly grouped as follows: Group 1 (honey + noise stress), 2 (vitamin E + noise stress), 3 (noise stress,) and 4 as the control group. In groups 1, 2, and 3, rats were exposed to noise stress. In groups 1 and 2, rats also were given honey and vitamin E, respectively, orally for 50 days. After that, the germinative and somatic cells of testes parenchyma were isolated by digesting the whole testes by a standard method. Next, viability, apoptosis, and necrosis of the cells were evaluated by TUNEL kit and flow cytometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rates of apoptosis and necrosis of the testicular cells were increased (P = 0.003 and P = 0.001, respectively), but viability of these cells decreased in testes of rats exposed to noise stress (P = 0.003). However, administration of honey and vitamin E were significantly helpful in keeping the cells of testis parenchyma alive, which suffers from noise pollution (P < 0.05 and P < 0.05, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Noise stress has negative influences on the cells of testicular tissue by increasing apoptotic and necrotic cells. However, the associated enhancement in healthy cells suggests that honey and vitamin E have positive influences on the testis parenchyma.
authors.affiliation: Fertility, Infertility and Perinatology Research Center, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
authors.forename: Masoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hemadi
authors.forename: Ghasem
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Saki
authors.forename: Asghar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rajabzadeh
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khodadadi
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sarkaki
keywords: Apoptosis; germ cells; honey; noise stress; vitamin E