title: Metabolic alterations of lutein, β-carotene and chlorophyll a during germination of two soybean sprout varieties.
abstract: The metabolic changes of lutein, β-carotene and chlorophyll a during germination of the soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) sprout varieties, 'Pungsannamulkong' and 'Bosug', have been studied. Seeds were germinated at 20 °C with 80% humidity in the darkness and sampled at 2 day intervals for 10 days. Partial least squares (PLS) scores plot showed that the responses of three metabolites during germination were linearly linked with each other except for day 2 in both varieties. PLS loading plots indicated that lutein content in whole sprout and cotyledon was closely associated with germination in 'Pungsannamulkong' while the chlorophyll a content in whole sprouts was highly linked with germination in 'Bosug'. Heatmap analyses revealed that lutein and β-carotene levels, but not those of chlorophyll a, accumulated in whole soybean sprouts and cotyledon. While hypocotyls did not accumulate lipophilic pigments during germination, the accumulation of lutein and β-carotene in the cotyledons was greater in 'Pungsannamulkong' than in 'Bosug' sprouts. In addition, the contents of lutein, β-carotene and chlorophyll a increased from those in the seeds. Overall, the metabolic changes of lutein, β-carotene and chlorophyll a during germination are affected not only by variety but also by organ type.
authors.affiliation: USDA-ARS, Tree Fruit Research Laboratory, 1104 N. Western Ave., Wenatchee, WA 98801, USA.
authors.forename: Jinwook
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Young-Sun
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Jeong-Dong
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Woo-Suk
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Myoung-Gun
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Choung
mesh_terms: D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D000077194:Chlorophyll A; D018525:Germination; D014975:Lutein / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D013025:Glycine max / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019207:beta Carotene; D002734:Chlorophyll; D014975:Lutein; D000077194:Chlorophyll A
keywords: Chlorophyll a; Germination; Lutein; Partial least squares (PLS) regression analysis; Soybean sprout; β-Carotene