title: Domestic duck eggs: an important pathway of human exposure to PBDEs around e-waste and scrap metal processing areas in Eastern China.
abstract: Although consumption of local foods is recognized as an important pathway of human exposure to PBDEs in areas of China involved in rudimentary recycling of electronic waste (e-waste), dietary intake studies to date have not considered the contribution from consumption of duck eggs, despite being a common dietary component. Fresh duck eggs (n = 11) were collected from each of five farms located within 500 m of e-waste recycling workshops in the Wenling and Luqiao districts of Taizhou City, Eastern China, in November 2011, along with eggs from a control site located 90 km to the northeast. Average ΣPBDE yolk concentrations in eggs from the Taizhou farms ranged from 52.7 to 1778 ng/g lipid weight (8 ng/g lipid weight at the control site), at the high end of values previously reported for PBDEs in chicken eggs from the same locations and with BDE-209 predominant in over 60% of samples. Estimated typical adult daily ΣPBDE intakes due to consumption of duck eggs were in the range of 159-5124 ng/person per day. For the pentabrominated BDE-99 congener, estimated intakes from duck eggs alone were substantially above the no adverse effect level (NAEL) for impaired human spermatogenesis proposed by Netherlands researchers.
authors.affiliation: Greenpeace Research Laboratories Innovation Centre Phase 2, Rennes Drive, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4RN, United Kingdom. iryna.labunska@greenpeace.org
authors.forename: Iryna
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Labunska
authors.forename: Stuart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Harrad
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Santillo
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: Lai
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yun
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002681:China; D004372:Ducks; D004531:Eggs / Q000032:analysis*; D059029:Electronic Waste; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; C086401:pentabromodiphenyl ether