title: Functional MRI language mapping in pre-surgical epilepsy patients: findings from a series of patients in the Epilepsy Unit at Mediclinic Constantiaberg.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is commonly applied to study the neural substrates of language in clinical research and for neurosurgical planning. fMRI language mapping is used to assess language lateralisation, or determine hemispheric dominance, and to localise regions of the brain involved in language. Routine fMRI has been introduced in the Epilepsy Unit at Mediclinic Constantiaberg to contribute to the current functional mapping procedures used in pre-surgical planning.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this paper we describe the language paradigms used in these routine studies as well as the results from 22 consecutive epilepsy patients. Multi-subject analyses were performed to assess the reliability of activation patterns generated by two language mapping paradigms, namely a verb generation task and passive listening task. Results from a finger-tapping task are also presented.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The paradigms generate reliable and robust signal changes, enabling both the lateralisation of language and localisation of expressive and receptive language cortex.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The fMRI results are meaningful at the group and individual level and can be recommended for language mapping in pre-surgical patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, South Africa. vives@mweb.co.za
authors.forename: Victoria L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Ives-Deliperi
authors.forename: James T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Butler
authors.forename: Ernesta M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Meintjes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D004292:Dominance, Cerebral; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged