title: In situ attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR FT-IR) spectroscopy monitoring of 1,2-butylene oxide polymerization reaction by using iterative concentration-guided classical least squares.
abstract: There has been rapid growth in the application of in situ optical spectroscopy techniques for reaction and process monitoring recently in both academia and industry. Vibrational spectroscopies such as mid-infrared, near-infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy have proven to be versatile and informative. Accurate determination of concentrations, based on highly overlapped spectra, remains a challenge. As an example, 1,2-butylene oxide (BO) polymerization, an important industrial reaction, initiated by propylene glycol (PG) and catalyzed by KOH, is studied in this work in a semi-batch fashion by using in situ attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR FT-IR) monitoring. The weak BO absorbance, the constantly changing interference from the product oligomers throughout the course of the reaction, and the change in BO spectral features with system polarity posed challenges for quantitative spectral analysis based on conventional methods. An iterative concentration-guided classical least-squares (ICG-CLS) method was developed to overcome these challenges. Taking advantage of the concentration-domain information, ICG-CLS enabled the estimation of the pure oligomer product spectra at different stages of the semi-batch process, which in turn was used to construct valid CLS models. The ICG-CLS algorithm provides an in situ calibration method that can be broadly applied to reactions of known order. Caveats in its applications are also discussed.
authors.affiliation: Analytical Sciences, 1897 Building, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI 48667, USA. xchen4@dow.com
authors.forename: Xiaoyun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Randy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pell
authors.forename: Sagar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sarsani
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cramm
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Villa
authors.forename: Ravindra
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dixit