title: Association of street connectivity and road traffic speed with park usage and park-based physical activity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to examine associations between street connectivity and road traffic speed and neighborhood residents' use of parks and park-based physical activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional.
  
  
  METHODS
  Kansas City, Missouri.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 893 adults from randomly selected households.
  
  
  METHODS
  Both self-reported park use and park-based physical activity were dichotomized as some versus none. Intersection density was calculated around each participant, and network analysis was used to determine whether participants had to travel on or cross a road with traffic speed greater than 35 miles per hour (mph) to reach the closest park.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multilevel logistic regression examined the association between intersection density and traffic speed wit park use and park-based physical activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to those in the lowest intersection density quartile, participants in the third and fourth quartiles were more likely to use parks and to engage in physical activity in parks (odds ratio [OR] = 1.76-2.34; all p < .05). Likewise, compared to those who had a high-speed road on their way to the closest park, participants with slower traffic routes to parks were more likely to use the parks (OR = 1.47; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.05-1.92).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In addition to park proximity and the design of park features, ensuring direct and safe access to parks through street network design and traffic speed reduction strategies may be key to facilitating park-related physical activity.
authors.forename: Andrew T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Kaczynski
authors.forename: Mohammad Javad
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Koohsari
authors.forename: Sonja A Wilhelm
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Stanis
authors.forename: Ryan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bergstrom
authors.forename: Takemi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugiyama
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001334:Automobile Driving; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004779:Environment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008923:Missouri; D009043:Motor Activity; D011998:Recreation / Q000523:psychology; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D055815:Young Adult