title: A respiratory monitoring device based on clavicular motion.
abstract: Respiratory rate is one of the key vital signs yet unlike temperature, heart rate or blood pressure, there is no simple and low cost measurement device for medical use. Here we discuss the development of a respiratory sensor based upon clavicular motion and the findings of a pilot study comparing respiratory rate readings derived from clavicular and thoracic motion with an expiratory breath flow reference sensor. Simultaneously sampled data from resting volunteers (n = 8) was analysed to determine the location of individual breaths in the data set and from these, breath periods and frequency were calculated. Clavicular sensor waveforms were found to be more consistent and of greater amplitude than those from the thoracic device, demonstrating good alignment with the reference waveform. On comparing breath by breath periods a close agreement was observed with the reference, with mean clavicular respiratory rate R(2) values of 0.89 (lateral) and 0.98 (longitudinal-axis). This pilot study demonstrates the viability of clavicular respiratory sensing. The sensor is unobtrusive, unaffected by bioelectrical or electrode problems and easier to determine and more consistent than thoracic motion sensing. With relatively basic signal conditioning and processing requirements, it could provide an ideal platform for a low-cost respiratory monitor.
authors.affiliation: Telemedicine Unit, Translational Medicine Group, Cranfield Health, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedford MK43 0AL, UK. d.g.pitts@cranfield.ac.uk
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Pitts
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: P-O
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Sinclair
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Aspinall
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002968:Clavicle / Q000502:physiology*; D045853:Exhalation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000295:instrumentation*; D009068:Movement; D012119:Respiration; D056152:Respiratory Rate / Q000502:physiology; D013909:Thorax / Q000502:physiology; D058067:Wavelet Analysis; D055815:Young Adult