title: CCND1/CyclinD1 status in metastasizing bladder cancer: a prognosticator and predictor of chemotherapeutic response.
abstract: The CCND1 gene encodes the protein CyclinD1, which is an important promoter of the cell cycle and a prognostic and predictive factor in different cancers. CCND1 is amplified to a substantial proportion in various tumors, and this may contribute to CyclinD1 overexpression. In bladder cancer, information about the clinical relevance of CCND1/CyclinD1 alterations is limited. In the present study, amplification status of CCND1 and expression of CyclinD1 were evaluated by fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays from 152 lymph node-positive urothelial bladder cancers (one sample each from the center and invasion front of the primary tumors, two samples per corresponding lymph node metastasis) treated by cystectomy and lymphadenectomy. CCND1 amplification status and the percentage of immunostained cancer cells were correlated with histopathological tumor characteristics, cancer-specific survival and response to adjuvant chemotherapy. CCND1 amplification in primary tumors was homogeneous in 15% and heterogeneous in 6% (metastases: 22 and 2%). Median nuclear CyclinD1 expression in amplified samples was similar in all tumor compartments (60-70% immunostained tumor nuclei) and significantly higher than in non-amplified samples (5-20% immunostained tumor nuclei; P<0.05). CCND1 status and CyclinD1 expression were not associated with primary tumor stage or lymph node tumor burden. CCND1 amplification in primary tumors (P=0.001) and metastases (P=0.02) and high nuclear CyclinD1 in metastases (P=0.01) predicted early cancer-related death independently. Subgroup analyses showed that chemotherapy was particularly beneficial in patients with high nuclear CyclinD1 expression in the metastases, whereas expression in primary tumors and CCND1 status did not predict chemotherapeutic response. In conclusion, CCND1 amplification status and CyclinD1 expression are independent risk factors in metastasizing bladder cancer. High nuclear CyclinD1 expression in lymph node metastases predicts favorable response to chemotherapy. This information may help to personalize prognostication and administration of adjuvant chemotherapy.
authors.affiliation: 1] Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland [2] Department of Urology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Seiler
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: George N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Thalmann
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rotzer
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Aurel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Perren
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Achim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fleischmann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D001706:Biopsy; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D015653:Cystectomy; D005260:Female; D005784:Gene Amplification; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D018579:Patient Selection; D057285:Precision Medicine; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C530104:CCND1 protein, human; D019938:Cyclin D1