title: Gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) emissions from snow surfaces in northern New York.
abstract: Snow surface-to-air exchange of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) was measured using a modified Teflon fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) dynamic flux chamber (DFC) in a remote, open site in Potsdam, New York. Sampling was conducted during the winter months of 2011. The inlet and outlet of the DFC were coupled with a Tekran Model 2537A mercury (Hg) vapor analyzer using a Tekran Model 1110 two port synchronized sampler. The surface GEM flux ranged from -4.47 ng m(-2) hr(-1) to 9.89 ng m(-2) hr(-1). For most sample periods, daytime GEM flux was strongly correlated with solar radiation. The average nighttime GEM flux was slightly negative and was not well correlated with any of the measured meteorological variables. Preliminary, empirical models were developed to estimate GEM emissions from snow surfaces in northern New York. These models suggest that most, if not all, of the Hg deposited with and to snow is reemitted to the atmosphere.
authors.affiliation: Institute for a Sustainable Environment, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York, USA.
authors.forename: J Alexander
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Maxwell
authors.forename: Thomas M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Holsen
authors.forename: Sumona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mondal
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005740:Gases / Q000032:analysis*; D008628:Mercury / Q000032:analysis*; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009518:New York; D012621:Seasons; D012914:Snow / Q000737:chemistry*; D013472:Sunlight; D013499:Surface Properties; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D005740:Gases; D008628:Mercury