title: Why do only some hyperopes become strabismic?
abstract: Children with hyperopia greater than +3.5 diopters (D) are at increased risk for developing refractive esotropia. However, only approximately 20% of these hyperopes develop strabismus. This review provides a systematic theoretical analysis of the accommodation and vergence oculomotor systems with a view to understanding factors that could either protect a hyperopic individual or precipitate a strabismus. The goal is to consider factors that may predict refractive esotropia in an individual and therefore help identify the subset of hyperopes who are at the highest risk for this strabismus, warranting the most consideration in a preventive effort.
authors.affiliation: Indiana University School of Optometry, Bloomington, Indiana 47401, USA. ebabinsk@indiana.edu
authors.forename: Erin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Babinsky
authors.forename: T Rowan
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Candy
mesh_terms: D000065:Accommodation, Ocular / Q000502:physiology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003290:Convergence, Ocular / Q000502:physiology; D004948:Esotropia / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D006956:Hyperopia / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007223:Infant; D012307:Risk Factors; D013285:Strabismus / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*
keywords: accommodation; esotropia; hyperopia; vergence; visual development