title: Plasma and urine metabolic fingerprinting of type 1 diabetic children.
abstract: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is one of the most common chronic disorders of childhood. The metabolic control is lost due to the lack of insulin, which is the main treatment for the disease. Nevertheless, long-term complications appear even under good glycemic control. Metabolomics, an emerging strategy, can help in diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of metabolic disorders. The objective of the present study was to investigate the alterations in plasma (by LC-MS) and urine (CE-MS) of type 1 diabetic children that were under insulin treatment and good glycemic control. Even without remarkable biochemical differences between the two groups (diabetic and control) except for glucose level and glycosilated hemoglobin, metabolomic tools were able to capture subtle metabolic differences. The main changes in plasma were associated to lipidic metabolism (nonesterified fatty acids, lysophospholipids, and other derivatives of fatty acids), and some markers of the differential activity of the gut microflora were also found (bile acids, p-cresol sulfate). In urine, changes associated to protein and amino acid metabolism were found (amino acids, their metabolites and derivatives), and among them one advanced glycation end product (carboxyethylarginine) and one early glycation end product (fructosamine) were excreted in higher proportion in the diabetic group.
authors.affiliation: Center for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis - CEMBIO, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Balderas
authors.forename: Francisco Javier
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Rupérez
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ibañez
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Señorans
authors.forename: Julio
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guerrero-Fernández
authors.forename: Isabel González
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Casado
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gracia-Bouthelier
authors.forename: Antonia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: García
authors.forename: Coral
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Barbas
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine*; D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D055442:Metabolome / Q000187:drug effects*; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods*; D010949:Plasma / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin
keywords: Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry; Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry; Metabolomics; Type 1 diabetes mellitus