title: Complicated urinary tract infections associated with diabetes mellitus: Pathogenesis, diagnosis and management.
abstract: Diabetes mellitus has a number of long-term effects on the genitourinary system. These effects predispose to bacterial urinary tract infections (UTIs) in the patient with diabetes mellitus. Complicated UTIs are also common and potentially life-threatening conditions. They include emphysematous pyelonephritis, emphysematous pyelitis/cystitis, xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis, renal/perirenal abscess, and renal papillary necrosis. Improved outcomes of these entities may be achieved by early diagnosis, knowledge of common predisposing factors, appropriate clinical and radiological assessment, and prompt management. Herein we review complicated UTIs associated with diabetes mellitus in terms of pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, radiological features, and current management options.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Hedi Chaker Hospital, 3029 Sfax, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Mouna Feki
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Mnif
authors.forename: Mahdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kamoun
authors.forename: Faten Hadj
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Kacem
authors.forename: Zainab
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Bouaziz
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Charfi
authors.forename: Fatma
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mnif
authors.forename: Basma Ben
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Naceur
authors.forename: Nabila
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rekik
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abid
keywords: Diabetes mellitus; emphysematous cystitis; emphysematous pyelitis; emphysematous pyelonephritis; renal abscess; renal papillary necrosis; xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis