title: Vitamin D deficiency among adult patients with tuberculosis: a cross sectional study from a national referral hospital in Uganda.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vitamin D deficiency has been reported among patients with tuberculosis in Africa despite abundant sunshine. Vitamin D plays a fundamental role in improving anti tuberculosis immunity, reducing progression and severity of TB in humans.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this descriptive cross sectional study, 260 hospitalized adults with a confirmed diagnosis of TB were enrolled into the study from the pulmonology wards of Mulago national referral and teaching hospital, Uganda. The serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D or 25 (OH) D were determined by an electrochemilumniscence immunoassay. Vitamin D deficiency, vitamin D insufficiency, severe and very severe vitamin D deficiency were defined as serum 25(OH) D concentrations of ≤ 20 ng/ml, 21-29 ng/ml, < 10 ng/ml and <5 ng/ml respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Majority of the study participants were males (146, 56.2%) and < 35 years (154, 59.2%). The mean age ± SD was 34.7 ± 9.5 years. Two hundred eight (80%) patients were HIV co-infected with a median CD4 count of 68 cells/mm3 (IQR: 17-165). The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, vitamin D insufficiency, severe and very severe vitamin D deficiency among the hospitalized adult tuberculosis patients was 44.2%, 23.5%, 13.5% and 4.2% respectively. The median (IQR) vitamin D concentration in ng/ml was 22.55 (14.59-33.31).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vitamin D deficiency is very common among hospitalized adult tuberculosis patients in Uganda especially in patients with hypoalbuminemia, anemia, HIV co-infected patients with CD4 count <200cells/mm3 and hypocalcemia corrected for serum albumin levels.
authors.forename: Davis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kibirige
authors.forename: Edrisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mutebi
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ssekitoleko
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Worodria
authors.forename: Harriet
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mayanja-Kizza
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006769:Hospitals, General; D006801:Humans; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014454:Uganda / Q000453:epidemiology; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000453:epidemiology*