title: Magnesium lithospermate B reduces myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats via regulating the inflammation response.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Magnesium lithospermate B (MLB), an active polyphenol acid of Danshen [Radix Salviae miltiorrhizae (Labiatae)], showed renoprotective, neuroprotective and myocardial salvage effects. Previous studies demonstrated that MLB could effectively suppress the production of cytokines and their associated signaling pathways in activated human T cells.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to examine the beneficial effects of MLB on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury and to explore its potential mechanisms related to anti-inflammation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sprague-Dawley rats were grouped as sham group, model group and MLB-treated (15, 30 and 60 mg/kg) groups. Animals were subjected to MI/R injury by the occlusion of left anterior descending artery for 30 min followed by reperfusion for 3 h. At the end of reperfusion, blood samples were collected to determine the serum levels of cardiac troponin (cTnI), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and interleukin 6 (IL-6). Hearts were harvested to assess infarct size, histopathological changes and the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO). The expression of phosphor-IkB-α and phosphor-nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) were assayed by western blot.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MLB administration significantly (p < 0.05) reduced: (1) ST-segment elevation (0.23 mv), (2) the infarct size (22.5%), (3) histological scores of myocardial injury (1.67 score), (4) myocardial injury marker enzymes: cTnI (5.64 ng/ml) and CK-MB (49.57 ng/ml) levels, (5) pro-inflammatory cytokines: TNF-α (97.36 pg/ml), IL-1β (93.35 pg/ml) and IL-6 (96.84 pg/ml) levels, (6) MPO activity (1.82 U/mg), (7) phosphor-NF-κB (0.87) and phosphor-IkB-α (0.96) expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study provided evidence that MLB ameliorated the inflammatory process associated with MI/R injury via NF-κB inactivation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , PR China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Quan
authors.forename: Guo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Yanrong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Yanhua
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Weng
authors.forename: Miaomiao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xi
authors.forename: Aidong
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D052279:Creatine Kinase, MB Form / Q000097:blood; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004562:Electrocardiography; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors; D019210:Troponin I / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D016328:NF-kappa B; C000606204:NFKBIA protein, human; C000606206:Nfkbia protein, rat; D019210:Troponin I; C061091:lithospermate B; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D009195:Peroxidase; D052279:Creatine Kinase, MB Form