title: Rapid speciation and determination of vanadium compounds using ion-pair reversed-phase ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography inductively coupled plasma-sector field mass spectrometry.
abstract: Environmental vanadium contamination is a potential concern to public health, as evidenced by its place on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Drinking Water Contaminant Candidate List as a priority contaminant. Vanadium toxicity varies significantly between different oxidation states; therefore, it is crucial to be able to monitor the speciation of vanadium in environmental samples. In this study, a novel method is described that utilizes ion-pair reversed-phase ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with inductively coupled plasma-sector field mass spectrometry (IP-RP-UHPLC-ICP-SFMS) to separate vanadyl and vanadate ions and resolve a major polyatomic spectral interference ((35)Cl(16)O(+)) in less than a minute. Detection limits were obtained in the low ngL(-1) (part per trillion) range with linear calibrations across several orders of magnitude (50ngL(-1)-100μgL(-1)). The mechanism of chromatographic retention was elucidated through investigation of the role of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, tetrabutylammonium ion and pH on elution. The optimized method was then applied to the speciation of vanadium in local lake water samples.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA.
authors.forename: Nikola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kilibarda
authors.forename: Scott E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Afton
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Harrington
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Keith E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Levine
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D056148:Chromatography, Reverse-Phase / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D004492:Edetic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D060106:Lakes / Q000032:analysis*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D013997:Time Factors; D014638:Vanadates / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014638:Vanadates; D004492:Edetic Acid; C009405:tetrabutylammonium
keywords: IP-RP chromatography; Sector field mass spectrometry; UHPLC; Vanadium speciation