title: Welfare state regimes and gender inequalities in the exposure to work-related psychosocial hazards.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gender inequalities in the exposure to work-related psychosocial hazards are well established. However, little is known about how welfare state regimes influence these inequalities.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relationship between welfare state regimes and gender inequalities in the exposure to work-related psychosocial hazards in Europe, considering occupational social class.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used a sample of 27, 465 workers from 28 European countries. Dependent variables were high strain, iso-strain, and effort-reward imbalance, and the independent was gender. We calculated the prevalence and prevalence ratio separately for each welfare state regime and occupational social class, using multivariate logistic regression models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  More female than male managers/professionals were exposed to: high strain, iso-strain, and effort-reward imbalance in Scandinavian [adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) = 2·26; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1·87-2·75; 2·12: 1·72-2·61; 1·41: 1·15-1·74; respectively] and Continental regimes (1·43: 1·23-1·54; 1·51: 1·23-1·84; 1·40: 1·17-1·67); and to high strain and iso-strain in Anglo-Saxon (1·92: 1·40-2·63; 1·85: 1·30-2·64; respectively), Southern (1·43: 1·14-1·79; 1·60: 1·18-2·18), and Eastern regimes (1·56: 1·35-1·81; 1·53: 1·28-1·83).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gender inequalities in the exposure to work-related psychosocial hazards were not lower in those welfare state regimes with higher levels of universal social protection policies.
authors.affiliation: Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain. javier.campos@upf.edu
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Campos-Serna
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ronda-Pérez
authors.forename: Bente E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Moen
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Artazcoz
authors.forename: Fernando G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Benavides
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016272:Occupational Health; D015995:Prevalence; D011584:Psychology; D012737:Sex Factors; D063507:Sexism; D012946:Social Welfare; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological