title: Injuries in commercial whitewater rafting on the New and Gauley rivers of West Virginia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the rates, patterns, and likelihood of injuries in commercial whitewater rafting on the New and Gauley rivers, West Virginia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Standardized injury report forms developed by the West Virginia Whitewater Commission were reviewed for years 2005-2010 to provide a statistical account of injuries reported by licensed commercial rafting outfitters operating on the New and Gauley rivers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, musculoskeletal injuries (sprains/strains, 21.1%; dislocations, 13.8%; fractures, 12.2%) comprised the majority (47.4%) of incidents followed by injuries to soft tissue (lacerations, 29.0%; abrasions, 13.3%; contusions, 2.3%). Almost one half (44.3%) of injuries were to the head, neck, and shoulders followed by the lower extremities (foot/ankle/leg/knee/hip, 33.9%) and upper extremities (hand/wrist/arm, 14.3%). Data analyzed using the Somers' D statistic revealed the likelihood of an injury occurring inside the raft is P = .55, and P = .39 when passengers are ejected from the raft into the river. The most likely injuries to occur to passengers are a laceration (P = .51) or a sprain (P = .20). The main probabilities for the risks of injuries were found to be to the head (P = .24), shoulder (P = .16), and face (P = .13) of the passenger.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  By knowing what injuries are common, their likelihood of occurrence, and the settings in which they happen, commercial outfitters can initiate practices to reduce injury rates.
authors.affiliation: North Carolina State University, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Raleigh, NC. Electronic address: aram_attarian@ncsu.edu.
authors.forename: Aram
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Attarian
authors.forename: Christos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Siderelis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012306:Risk; D045483:Rivers; D013177:Sports; D014903:West Virginia; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Gauley River; New River; West Virginia; commercial whitewater rafting; guides and outfitters; whitewater rafting