title: Time course, predictors and clinical implications of stent thrombosis following primary angioplasty. Insights from the DESERT cooperation.
abstract: Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) has improved survival as compared to thrombolysis. Concerns still remain regarding the risk of stent thrombosis in the setting of STEMI, especially after drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to report on the timing of stent thrombosis (ST) with both DES and bare metal stents (BMS) and its prognostic significance in patients undergoing pPCI. The Drug-Eluting Stent in Primary Angioplasty (DESERT) cooperation is based on a pooled database including individual data of randomised trials that evaluate the long-term safety and effectiveness of DES as compared to BMS in patients undergoing pPCI for STEMI. Follow-up data were collected for 3-6 years after the procedure. ST was defined as definite or probable, based on the ARC definition. The study population consists of 6,274 STEMI patients undergoing primary angioplasty with BMS or DES. At 1201 ± 440 days, ST occurred in 267 patients (4.25%). Most of the events were acute or subacute (within 30 days) and very late (> 1 years), with different distribution between DES vs BMS. Patients with ST were more often diabetic (21.7% vs 15.1%, p=0.005), more frequently had post-procedural TIMI 0-2 flow (14.0% vs 9.3%, p = 0.01), and were less often treated with dual antiplatelet therapy at one year follow-up. Diabetes (p = 0.036), post-procedural TIMI 0-2 Flow (p = 0.013) and ischaemia time > 6 hours (p = 0.03) were independent predictors of ST. Post-procedural TIMI 0-2 flow (p = 0.001) and ischaemia time > 6 hours (p < 0.001) were independent predictors of early ST, ischaemia time > 6 hours (p = 0.05) was independent predictor of late ST, whereas diabetes (p = 0.022) and use of DES (p = 0.002) were independent predictors of very late ST. ST was associated with a significantly higher mortality (23.6% vs 6%, p < 0.001). The greatest impact on mortality was observed with subacute (40.4%) and late (20.9%) ST, as compared to acute (12.5%) and very late (9.1%) ST. ST was an independent predictor of mortality (HR [95%CI] = 3.73 [2.75-5.07], p < 0.001). In conclusion, ST occurs relatively frequently also beyond the first year for up to six years after pPCI in STEMI, with higher late occurrence rates among patients treated with first generation DES. ST after pPCI is a powerful predictor of mortality, especially subacute ST.
authors.affiliation: Giuseppe De Luca, MD, PhD, Aggregate Professor of Cardiology, Chief Interventional Cardiology, Ospedale "Maggiore della Carità", Eastern Piedmont University, C.so Mazzini, 18, 24100 Novara, Italy, Tel.: +39 0321 3733141, Fax: +39 0321 3733407, E-mail: giuseppe.deluca@maggioreosp.novara.it.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: De Luca
authors.forename: Maurits T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Dirksen
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Spaulding
authors.forename: Henning
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kelbæk
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schalij
authors.forename: Leif
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Thuesen
authors.forename: Bas
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: van der Hoeven
authors.forename: Marteen A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Vink
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kaiser
authors.forename: Carmine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Musto
authors.forename: Tania
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chechi
authors.forename: Gaia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Spaziani
authors.forename: Luis Salvador
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Diaz de la Llera
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pasceri
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Di Lorenzo
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Violini
authors.forename: Harry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Suryapranata
authors.forename: Gregg W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Stone
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017130:Angioplasty; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D016208:Databases, Factual; D054855:Drug-Eluting Stents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D062645:Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: Acute myocardial infarction; clinical studies; thrombosis