title: Mitosis detection using generic features and an ensemble of cascade adaboosts.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mitosis count is one of the factors that pathologists use to assess the risk of metastasis and survival of the patients, which are affected by the breast cancer.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We investigate an application of a set of generic features and an ensemble of cascade adaboosts to the automated mitosis detection. Calculation of the features rely minimally on object-level descriptions and thus require minimal segmentation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The proposed work was developed and tested on International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR) 2012 mitosis detection contest data.
  
  
  METHODS
  We plotted receiver operating characteristics curves of true positive versus false positive rates; calculated recall, precision, F-measure, and region overlap ratio measures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  WE TESTED OUR FEATURES WITH TWO DIFFERENT CLASSIFIER CONFIGURATIONS: 1) An ensemble of single adaboosts, 2) an ensemble of cascade adaboosts. On the ICPR 2012 mitosis detection contest evaluation, the cascade ensemble scored 54, 62.7, and 58, whereas the non-cascade version scored 68, 28.1, and 39.7 for the recall, precision, and F-measure measures, respectively. Mostly used features in the adaboost classifier rules were a shape-based feature, which counted granularity and a color-based feature, which relied on Red, Green, and Blue channel statistics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The features, which express the granular structure and color variations, are found useful for mitosis detection. The ensemble of adaboosts performs better than the individual adaboost classifiers. Moreover, the ensemble of cascaded adaboosts was better than the ensemble of single adaboosts for mitosis detection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer Engineering, Işik Univerity, Şile, İstanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: F Boray
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Tek
keywords: Mitosis detection; area granulometry; cascade adaboost; cost-sensitive learning; ensemble classifier