title: Evaluation of different validation strategies and long term effects in NIR calibration models.
abstract: Stable and reliable NIR calibration models for the barley malt quality assessment were developed and exhaustively evaluated. The measured parameters are: fine extract, fermentability, pH, soluble nitrogen, viscosity, friability and free-amino nitrogen. The reliability of the developed calibration models was evaluated comparing the classic leave-one-out internal validation with a more challenging one exploiting re-sampling scheme. The long-term effects, intended as possible alterations of the NIR method predictive power, due to the variation between samples collected in different years, were evaluated through an external validation which demonstrated the stability of the developed calibration models. Finally, the accuracy and the precision of the developed calibration models were evaluated in comparison with the reference methods. This exhaustive evaluation offers a realistic idea of the developed NIR methods predictive power for future unknown samples and their application in the beer industry.
authors.affiliation: Italian Brewing Research Centre, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo, 06126 Perugia, Italy. vale.sileoni@tiscali.it
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sileoni
authors.forename: Ombretta
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Marconi
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Perretti
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fantozzi
mesh_terms: D002138:Calibration; D001467:Hordeum / Q000737:chemistry*; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards
keywords: Analyses; Barley malt; Beer; Near infrared spectroscopy; Validation