title: Implementation strategies for collaborative primary care-mental health models.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Extensive research exists that collaborative primary care-mental health models can improve care and outcomes for patients. These programs are currently being implemented throughout the United States and beyond. The purpose of this study is to review the literature and to generate an overview of strategies currently used to implement such models in daily practice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six overlapping strategies to implement collaborative primary care-mental health models were described in 18 selected studies. We identified interactive educational strategies, quality improvement change processes, technological support tools, stakeholder engagement in the design and execution of implementation plans, organizational changes in terms of expanding the task of nurses and financial strategies such as additional collaboration fees and pay for performance incentives.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Considering the overwhelming evidence about the effectiveness of primary care-mental health models, there is a lack of good studies focusing on their implementation strategies. In practice, these strategies are multifaceted and locally defined, as a result of intensive and required stakeholder engagement. Although many barriers still exist, the implementation of collaborative models could have a chance to succeed in the United States, where new service delivery and payment models, such as the Patient-Centered Medical Home, the Health Home and the Accountable Care Organization, are being promoted.
authors.affiliation: Columbia University, New York, USA. gfranx@trimbos.nl
authors.forename: Gerdien
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Franx
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dixon
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wensing
authors.forename: Harold
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pincus
mesh_terms: D003156:Community Mental Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D006284:Health Plan Implementation; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000628:therapy; D010347:Patient Care Planning / Q000458:organization & administration*; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000458:organization & administration*