title: TLR2 and TLR4 in the brain injury caused by cerebral ischemia and reperfusion.
abstract: Brain injury caused by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion is a complicated pathophysiological course, in which inflammation is thought to play an important role. Toll-like receptors are a type of transmembrane proteins, which can recognize either exogenous pathogen-associated molecular patterns or endogenous stress or damage-associated molecular patterns in the innate immune system and initiate inflammatory responses. Among Toll-like receptors, TLR2 and TLR4 are found to be more important than others in the pathological progression of cerebral injury due to ischemia and reperfusion. This review will focus on the biological characteristics and functions of TLR2 and TLR4 and their downstream signal pathways.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650031, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Pengfei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.forename: Yuhong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D020520:Brain Infarction / Q000473:pathology; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D008024:Ligands; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D008024:Ligands; C495342:TLR2 protein, human; C495345:TLR4 protein, human; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4