title: Costs of transradial percutaneous coronary intervention.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study sought to evaluate the costs of transradial percutaneous coronary intervention (TRI) and transfemoral percutaneous coronary intervention (TFI) from a contemporary hospital perspective.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Whereas the TRI approach to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has been shown to reduce access-site complications compared with TFI, whether it is associated with lower costs is unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  TRI and TFI patients were identified at 5 U.S. centers. The primary outcome was the cost of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) hospitalization, defined as cost on the day of PCI through hospital discharge. Cost was obtained from each hospital's cost accounting system. Independent costs of TRI were identified using propensity-scoring methods with inverse probability weighting. Secondary outcomes of interest were bleeding, in-hospital mortality, and length of stay, which were stratified by pre-procedural risk and PCI indication.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 7,121 PCI procedures performed from January 1, 2010, to March 31, 2011, TRI was performed in 1,219 (17%) patients and was associated with shorter lengths of stay (2.5 vs. 3.0 days; p < 0.001) and lower bleeding events (1.1% vs. 2.4%, adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 0.52, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.34 to 0.79; p = 0.002). TRI was associated with a total cost savings of $830 (95% CI: $296 to $1,364; p < 0.001), of which $130 (95% CI: -$99 to $361; p = 0.112) were procedural savings and $705 (95% CI: $212 to $1,238; p < 0.001) were post-procedural savings. There was an associated graded increase in savings among patients at higher predicted risk of bleeding: low risk: $642 (95% CI: $43 to $1,236; p = 0.035); moderate risk: $706 (95% CI: $104 to $1,308; p = 0.029); and high risk: $1,621 (95% CI: $271 to $2,971, p = 0.039).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TRI was associated with a cost savings exceeding $800 per patient relative to TFI. Increased adoption of TRI may result in cost savings at hospitals.
authors.affiliation: Washington University School of Medicine, Barnes Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
authors.forename: Amit P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Amin
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: House
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Safley
authors.forename: Adnan K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Chhatriwalla
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Giersiefen
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bremer
authors.forename: Martial
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hamon
authors.forename: Dmitri V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Baklanov
authors.forename: Akinyele
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aluko
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wohns
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Mathias
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Applegate
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Steven P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Marso
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods / Q000401:mortality; D017046:Cost Savings; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D005260:Female; D005263:Femoral Artery; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000191:economics / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D017721:Hospital Costs; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000191:economics; D016014:Linear Models; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018803:Models, Economic; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D062645:Percutaneous Coronary Intervention / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods / Q000401:mortality; D057216:Propensity Score; D017534:Radial Artery; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States
keywords: CI; IPW; LOS; OR; PCI; ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; STEMI; TFI; TRI; catheterization; confidence interval(s); costs; femoral artery; inverse probability weighting; length of stay; odds ratio(s); outcomes; percutaneous coronary intervention; radial artery; transfemoral percutaneous coronary intervention; transradial percutaneous coronary intervention