title: Gizzard erosion and ulceration syndrome in chickens and turkeys: a review of causal or predisposing factors.
abstract: Gizzard erosion and ulceration syndrome (GEU) was described for the first time in the 1930s. The main focus of early studies was on nutritional deficiencies and peroxidation of highly polyunsaturated fatty acids as causative factors. During the 1970s and 1980s the focus was moved towards toxic substances in the feed. Scott's review in 1985 concluded that overproduction of gastric acid induced by gizzerosine was a major cause of GEU. During the last decades, serotype 1 of fowl adenovirus A and Clostridium perfringens have been implicated as important pathogenic agents in the development of GEU in chickens. Although GEU is globally distributed and its subclinical form appears to be common in commercial poultry flocks, the condition is rarely mentioned in standard textbooks on poultry health. This regrettable fact is probably due in part to the lack of one definitive cause of the syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Section of Veterinary Public Health, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Norway. anne-gerd.gjevre@vetinst.no
authors.forename: Anne-Gerd
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Gjevre
authors.forename: Magne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaldhusdal
authors.forename: Gunnar Sundstøl
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Eriksen
mesh_terms: D000257:Adenoviridae Infections / Q000662:veterinary*; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000009:adverse effects; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D003015:Clostridium Infections / Q000662:veterinary*; D003016:Clostridium perfringens; D025681:Fowl adenovirus A; D005895:Gizzard, Avian / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000009:adverse effects; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000473:pathology; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000633:toxicity; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000821:virology*; D013045:Species Specificity; D013577:Syndrome
chemical_list: D007093:Imidazoles; D009183:Mycotoxins; C045114:gizzerosine