title: Rare multiple variations in brachial plexus and related structures in the left upper limb of a Dravidian male cadaver.
abstract: Anatomical variations of the nerves, muscles, and vessels in the upper limb have been described in many anatomical studies; however, the occurrence of 6 variations in an ipsilateral limb is very rare. These variations occur in the following structures: the pectoralis minimus muscle, the communication between the external jugular vein and cephalic vein, axillary arch, the Struthers ligament, the medial, lateral, and posterior cords of the brachial plexus, and the common arterial trunk from the third part of the axillary artery. The relationship of these variations to each other and their probable clinical presentation is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Velammal Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Madurai, India.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Ebenezer
authors.forename: Bertha A D
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Rathinam
keywords: Axillary arch; Bifurcated posterior cord; Median nerve; Pectoralis minimus; Struthers ligament