title: The effects of acute and regular exercise on calcium, phosphorus and trace elements in young amateur boxers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to assess the acute and chronic effects of vigorous physical activity, with and without zinc supplementation, on distribution of elements in young amateur boxers.
  
  
  METHODS
  The 8 week intervention trial experiment was designed with 32 healthy adolescent males in three parts: part 1, a 1 hour boxing training program; part 2, 4 weeks of regular boxing training without any supplementation; part 3, 4 weeks of regular boxing training with supplementation of pills containing 50 mg oral zinc. Plasma calcium, phosphorus, zinc, iron, copper, and magnesium levels of all participants were measured before and after each part of the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After acute exercise serum calcium, zinc, copper levels decreased (p < 0.001; 0.001 and 0.017, respectively) and phosphorus increased (p < 0.001); iron and magnesium levels did not differ (p > 0.05). However, after 4 weeks of regular boxing training there was a decrease in zinc (93.92 +/- 9.03 microg/dL vs. 85.86 +/- 10.32 microg/dL, p < 0.001) and an increase in calcium concentrations (9.62 +/- 0.34 microg/dL vs. 9.90 +/- 0.26 microg/dL, p < 0.001). Zinc supplementation increased plasma calcium, phosphorus, and iron and decreased copper and magnesium (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The body element distribution of children in pubertal age changes with physical activities. Zinc supplementation can negatively affect their magnesium and copper concentrations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Kayseri Training and Research Hospital, 38010 Kayseri, Turkey. ckarakukcu@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Cigdem
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Karakukcu
authors.forename: Yahya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Polat
authors.forename: Yasemin Altuner
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Torun
authors.forename: Aysenur Kisaarslan
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Pac
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D056352:Athletes; D001914:Boxing / Q000502:physiology*; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood*; D002648:Child; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000097:blood*; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000097:blood*; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000097:blood; D015032:Zinc / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D014131:Trace Elements; D010758:Phosphorus; D015032:Zinc; D002118:Calcium