title: Do genetic modifiers of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels also modify their response to a lifestyle intervention in the setting of obesity and type-2 diabetes mellitus?: The Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD) study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglycerides are cardiovascular risk factors susceptible to lifestyle behavior modification and genetics. We hypothesized that genetic variants identified by genome-wide association studies as associated with HDL-C or triglyceride levels modify 1-year treatment response to an intensive lifestyle intervention, relative to a usual care of diabetes mellitus support and education.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We evaluated 82 single-nucleotide polymorphisms, which represent 31 loci demonstrated by genome-wide association studies to be associated with HDL-C and triglycerides, in 3561 participants who consented for genetic studies and met eligibility criteria. Variants associated with higher baseline HDL-C levels, cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) rs3764261 and hepatic lipase (LIPC) rs8034802, were found to be associated with HDL-C increases with intensive lifestyle intervention (P=0.0038 and 0.013, respectively) and had nominally significant treatment interactions (P=0.047 and 0.046, respectively). The fatty acid desaturase-2 rs1535 variant, associated with low baseline HDL-C (P=0.017), was associated with HDL-C increases with intensive lifestyle intervention (0.0037) and had a nominal treatment interaction (P=0.035). Apolipoprotein B (rs693) and LIPC (rs8034802) single-nucleotide polymorphisms showed nominally significant associations with HDL-C and triglyceride changes with intensive lifestyle intervention and a treatment interaction (P<0.05). Phosphatidylglycerophosphate synthase-1 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (rs4082919) showed the most significant triglyceride treatment interaction in the full cohort (P=0.0009).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first study to identify genetic variants modifying lipid responses to a randomized lifestyle behavior intervention in overweight or obese individuals with diabetes mellitus. The effects of genetic factors on lipid changes may differ from the effects on baseline lipids and are modifiable by behavioral intervention.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA. ghuggins@tuftsmedicalcenter.org
authors.forename: Gordon S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Huggins
authors.forename: George D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Papandonatos
authors.forename: Bahar
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Erar
authors.forename: L Maria
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Belalcazar
authors.forename: Ariel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brautbar
authors.forename: Christie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ballantyne
authors.forename: Abbas E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Kitabchi
authors.forename: Lynne E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Wagenknecht
authors.forename: William C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Knowler
authors.forename: Henry J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Pownall
authors.forename: Rena R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Wing
authors.forename: Inga
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Peter
authors.forename: Jeanne M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: McCaffery
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000235:genetics; D001521:Behavior Therapy; D053480:Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics* / Q000628:therapy; D044943:Fatty Acid Desaturases / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D056426:Genetic Loci; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D006801:Humans; D008049:Lipase / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics* / Q000628:therapy; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D017855:Transferases (Other Substituted Phosphate Groups) / Q000235:genetics; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D001055:Apolipoproteins B; C506642:CETP protein, human; D053480:Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; C504173:LIPC protein, human; D014280:Triglycerides; D044943:Fatty Acid Desaturases; C533241:FADS2 protein, human; D017855:Transferases (Other Substituted Phosphate Groups); C020676:CDP-diacylglycerol-glycerol-3-phosphate 3-phosphatidyltransferase; D008049:Lipase
keywords: behavior therapy; cholesterylester transfer; genomics; lipoproteins; physiological protein genetics; triglycerides