title: Sclerosis and varicocele embolization with N-butyl cyanoacrylate: experience in 41 patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Embolization is an established treatment for varicocele. Coils are most frequently used in the procedure. Liquid embolic and sclerosing agents seem to have a number of advantages over coils.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To report our experience and explain the technique of using N-2-butyl-cyanoacrylate (N2BCA) in varicocele treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 2010 to July 2011, 42 gonadal veins in 41 consecutive patients (age range, 11-41 years; mean, 18 years) with a diagnosis of varicocele were treated with N2BCA as an embolic agent. The clinical diagnosis was confirmed by Doppler ultrasound in all patients. Institutional review board approval was obtained, and all the patients signed informed consent for this retrospective review. In all cases, a 4-F hydrophilic catheter was used to catheterize the distal portion of the gonadal vein through which N2BCA, emulsified with lipiodol, was injected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The technical success was 100%. No complications or non-targeted embolizations were reported. Seven patients reported moderate post-embolization pain that required oral analgesic treatment for 7-10 days. After 12-month follow-up, all patients exhibited varicocele resolution in the Doppler ultrasound examination as well as relief of all previous symptoms. We have no fertility-related data for patients treated for this condition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  N2BCA as an embolic agent is a therapeutic alternative for the endovascular treatment of varicocele. This technique is uncomplicated, inexpensive, efficient, and safe.
authors.affiliation: Vascular & Interventional Service, Jiménez Díaz Foundation University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Urbano
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cabrera
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alonso-Burgos
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic; D004659:Enbucrilate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012597:Sclerosing Solutions / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015911:Sclerotherapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014646:Varicocele / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D012597:Sclerosing Solutions; D004659:Enbucrilate
keywords: Male varicocele; cyanoacrylate; retrograde sclerotherapy; varicocele embolization; varicocele sclerotherapy