title: Neuroimaging standards for research into small vessel disease and its contribution to ageing and neurodegeneration.
abstract: Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is a common accompaniment of ageing. Features seen on neuroimaging include recent small subcortical infarcts, lacunes, white matter hyperintensities, perivascular spaces, microbleeds, and brain atrophy. SVD can present as a stroke or cognitive decline, or can have few or no symptoms. SVD frequently coexists with neurodegenerative disease, and can exacerbate cognitive deficits, physical disabilities, and other symptoms of neurodegeneration. Terminology and definitions for imaging the features of SVD vary widely, which is also true for protocols for image acquisition and image analysis. This lack of consistency hampers progress in identifying the contribution of SVD to the pathophysiology and clinical features of common neurodegenerative diseases. We are an international working group from the Centres of Excellence in Neurodegeneration. We completed a structured process to develop definitions and imaging standards for markers and consequences of SVD. We aimed to achieve the following: first, to provide a common advisory about terms and definitions for features visible on MRI; second, to suggest minimum standards for image acquisition and analysis; third, to agree on standards for scientific reporting of changes related to SVD on neuroimaging; and fourth, to review emerging imaging methods for detection and quantification of preclinical manifestations of SVD. Our findings and recommendations apply to research studies, and can be used in the clinical setting to standardise image interpretation, acquisition, and reporting. This Position Paper summarises the main outcomes of this international effort to provide the STandards for ReportIng Vascular changes on nEuroimaging (STRIVE).
authors.affiliation: Neuroimaging Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. joanna.wardlaw@ed.ac.uk
authors.forename: Joanna M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Wardlaw
authors.forename: Eric E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Geert J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Biessels
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cordonnier
authors.forename: Franz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fazekas
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Frayne
authors.forename: Richard I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Lindley
authors.forename: John T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.forename: Frederik
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Barkhof
authors.forename: Oscar R
authors.initials: OR
authors.lastname: Benavente
authors.forename: Sandra E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Black
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brayne
authors.forename: Monique
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Breteler
authors.forename: Hugues
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chabriat
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Decarli
authors.forename: Frank-Erik
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: de Leeuw
authors.forename: Fergus
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Doubal
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Duering
authors.forename: Nick C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Greenberg
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hachinski
authors.forename: Ingo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kilimann
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mok
authors.forename: Robert van
authors.initials: Rv
authors.lastname: Oostenbrugge
authors.forename: Leonardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pantoni
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Speck
authors.forename: Blossom C M
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Stephan
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Teipel
authors.forename: Anand
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Viswanathan
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Werring
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Colin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van Buchem
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Norrving
authors.forename: Philip B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Gorelick
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dichgans
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging; D059345:Cerebral Small Vessel Diseases / Q000145:classification / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007391:International Cooperation; D008297:Male; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D059906:Neuroimaging / Q000145:classification / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards*; D009626:Terminology as Topic