title: Genomic landscapes of Chinese hamster ovary cell lines as revealed by the Cricetulus griseus draft genome.
abstract: Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, first isolated in 1957, are the preferred production host for many therapeutic proteins. Although genetic heterogeneity among CHO cell lines has been well documented, a systematic, nucleotide-resolution characterization of their genotypic differences has been stymied by the lack of a unifying genomic resource for CHO cells. Here we report a 2.4-Gb draft genome sequence of a female Chinese hamster, Cricetulus griseus, harboring 24,044 genes. We also resequenced and analyzed the genomes of six CHO cell lines from the CHO-K1, DG44 and CHO-S lineages. This analysis identified hamster genes missing in different CHO cell lines, and detected >3.7 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 551,240 indels and 7,063 copy number variations. Many mutations are located in genes with functions relevant to bioprocessing, such as apoptosis. The details of this genetic diversity highlight the value of the hamster genome as the reference upon which CHO cells can be studied and engineered for protein production.
authors.affiliation: CHOmics, Inc., San Diego, California, USA.
authors.forename: Nathan E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yuxiang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Harish
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagarajan
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yerganian
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.forename: Aarash
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bordbar
authors.forename: Anne M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rosenbloom
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bian
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Wenbin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Deniz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Baycin-Hizal
authors.forename: Haythem
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Latif
authors.forename: Jochen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Forster
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Betenbaugh
authors.forename: Iman
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Famili
authors.forename: Xun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Bernhard O
authors.initials: BO
authors.lastname: Palsson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D016466:CHO Cells; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D016678:Genome; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000379:methods