title: Metabolic profile and biological activities of Lavandula pedunculata subsp. lusitanica (Chaytor) Franco: studies on the essential oil and polar extracts.
abstract: We investigated the metabolic profile and biological activities of the essential oil and polar extracts of Lavandula pedunculata subsp. lusitanica (Chaytor) Franco collected in south Portugal. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed that oxygen-containing monoterpenes was the principal group of compounds identified in the essential oil. Camphor (40.6%) and fenchone (38.0%) were found as the major constituents. High-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) analysis allowed the identification of hydroxycinnamic acids (3-O-caffeoylquinic, 4-O-caffeoylquinic, 5-O-caffeoylquinic and rosmarinic acids) and flavones (luteolin and apigenin) in the polar extracts, with rosmarinic acid being the main compound in most of them. The bioactive compounds from L. pedunculata polar extracts were the most efficient free-radical scavengers, Fe(2+) chelators and inhibitors of malondialdehyde production, while the essential oil was the most active against acetylcholinesterase. Our results reveal that the subspecies of L. pedunculata studied is a potential source of active metabolites with a positive effect on human health.
authors.affiliation: IBB-CGB, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
authors.forename: Patrícia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.forename: Patrícia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Valentão
authors.forename: Paula B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Andrade
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.forename: José M F
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Nogueira
authors.forename: Anabela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Romano
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D027523:Lavandula / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D055442:Metabolome; D051379:Mice; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D011174:Portugal
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D039821:Monoterpenes; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical cation; 2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride; 5,5′-dithiobis [2-nitrobenzoic acid]; 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromane-2-carboxylic acid; AAPH; ABTS(+); ACh; AChE; AD; ATCI; AUC; Alzheimer’s disease; Anti-cholinesterases; Antioxidants; Aβ; BChE; BHT; BTCI; DTNB; EDTA; Essential oil; GC–MS; HD; HPLC–DAD; Lavandula pedunculata subsp. lusitanica; MDA; ORAC; Phenolic compounds; SDS; TBA; TBARS; TE; TEAC; Trolox; Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity; Trolox equivalents; acetylcholine; acetylcholinesterase; acetylthiocholine iodide; amyloid beta; area under the curve; butylated hydroxytoluene; butyrylcholinesterase; butyrylthiocholine chloride; ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; gas chromatography–mass spectrometry; high-performance liquid chromatography–diode array detection; hydrodistillation; malondialdehyde; oxygen radical absorbance capacity; sodium dodecylsulphate; thiobarbituric acid; thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances