title: Monitoring of environmental contaminants in raw bovine milk and estimates of dietary intakes of children in South Korea.
abstract: Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are ubiquitous residual contaminants in the environment and in the food chain. Milk is an important matrix for monitoring POP contamination. This study determined the concentrations of POPs including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs) in raw bovine milk, and the data was used to estimate dietary intakes in South Korea. The average concentrations of PBDEs, HCB, PCDD/Fs, and DL-PCBs in raw milk were 0.29 ng g(-1)fat, 0.50 ng g(-1)fat, 0.27 pg TEQ g(-1)fat, and 0.33 pg TEQ g(-1)fat, respectively. No significant relationship was found between the concentrations of analytes and the regions sampled. The dietary intakes of PBDEs from the consumption of milk was calculated to be 0.26, 0.10, and 0.05ng kg(-1)bwd(-1) for the group of ages 0-6, 7-12, and 13-19, respectively. The dietary intakes of HCB was calculated to be 0.44, 0.16, and 0.09 ng kg(-1)bwd(-1) for the group of ages 0-6, 7-12, and 13-19, respectively. The dietary intakes of PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs was calculated to be 0.78, 0.29, and 0.16pgTEQ kg(-1)bwd(-1) for the group of ages 0-6, 7-12, and 13-19, respectively. These results indicated that the residual levels of PBDEs, HCB, PCDD/Fs, and DL-PCBs in raw bovine milk were within safe levels.
authors.affiliation: Animal, Plant and Fisheries Quarantine and Inspection Agency, 175 Anyang-ro, Manan-gu, Anyang 480-757, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Dong-Gyu
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: MeeKyung
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jung-Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Young Hoon
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Bong
authors.forename: Jeong-Han
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D056910:Republic of Korea; D018570:Risk Assessment
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants
keywords: Bovine milk; DL-PCBs; Dietary intake; HCB; PBDEs; PCDD/Fs