title: Roles of phosphate recognition in inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate 2-kinase (IPK1) substrate binding and activation.
abstract: Inositol phosphate kinases (IPKs) sequentially phosphorylate inositol phosphates (IPs) to yield a group of small signaling molecules involved in diverse cellular processes. IPK1 (inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate 2-kinase) phosphorylates inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate to inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate; however, the mechanism of IP recognition employed by IPK1 is currently unresolved. We demonstrated previously that IPK1 possesses an unstable N-terminal lobe in the absence of IP, which led us to propose that the phosphate profile of the IP was linked to stabilization of IPK1. Here, we describe a systematic study to determine the roles of the 1-, 3-, 5-, and 6-phosphate groups of inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate in IP binding and IPK1 activation. The 5- and 6-phosphate groups were the most important for IP binding to IPK1, and the 1- and 3-phosphate groups were more important for IPK1 activation than the others. Moreover, we demonstrate that there are three critical residues (Arg-130, Lys-170, and Lys-411) necessary for IPK1 activity. Arg-130 is the only substrate-binding N-terminal lobe residue that can render IPK1 inactive; its 1-phosphate is critical for full IPK1 activity and for stabilization of the active conformation of IPK1. Taken together, our results support the model for recognition of the IP substrate by IPK1 in which (i) the 4-, 5-, and 6-phosphates are initially recognized by the C-terminal lobe, and subsequently, (ii) the interaction between the 1-phosphate and Arg-130 stabilizes the N-terminal lobe and activates IPK1. This model of IP recognition, believed to be unique among IPKs, could be exploited for selective inhibition of IPK1 in future studies that investigate the role of higher IPs.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada.
authors.forename: Varin
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gosein
authors.forename: Gregory J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000409:Alanine / Q000235:genetics; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000201:enzymology; D002151:Calorimetry; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D008024:Ligands; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D009154:Mutation; D010710:Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D013379:Substrate Specificity
chemical_list: D008024:Ligands; D010710:Phosphates; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor); C502806:inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate 2-kinase; D000409:Alanine
keywords: Enzyme Mechanisms; IP6; IPK1; Inositol Phosphates; Isothermal Titration Calorimetry; Kinase Activation; Ligand-binding Protein; Phosphorylation; Substrate Recognition