title: Adult degenerative scoliosis treated with XLIF: clinical and radiographical results of a prospective multicenter study with 24-month follow-up.
abstract: METHODS
  Prospective, multicenter, single-arm study.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiographical results of patients undergoing extreme lateral interbody fusion (XLIF), a minimally disruptive lateral transpsoas retroperitoneal surgical approach for the treatment of degenerative scoliosis (DS).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Surgery for the treatment of DS has been reported to have acceptable results but is traditionally associated with high morbidity and complication rates. A minimally disruptive lateral transpsoas retroperitoneal surgical approach (XLIF) has become popular for the treatment of DS. This is the first prospective, multicenter study to quantify outcomes after XLIF in this patient population.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 107 patients with DS who underwent the XLIF procedure with or without supplemental posterior fixation at one or more intervertebral levels were enrolled in this study. Clinical and radiographical results were evaluated up to 24 months after surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean patient age was 68 years; 73% of patients were female. A mean of 3.0 (range, 1-6) levels were treated with XLIF per patient. Overall complication rate was low compared with traditional surgical treatment of DS. Significant improvement was seen in all clinical outcome measures at 24 months: Oswestry Disability Index, visual analogue scale for back pain and leg pain, and 36-Item Short Form Health Survey mental and physical component summaries (P < 0.001). Eighty-five percent of patients were satisfied with their outcome and would undergo the procedure again. In patients with hypolordosis, lumbar lordosis was corrected from a mean of 27.7° to 33.6° at 24 months (P < 0.001). Overall Cobb angle was corrected from 20.9° to 15.2°, with the greatest correction observed in patients supplemented with bilateral pedicle screws.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates the use of the XLIF procedure in the treatment of DS. XLIF is associated with good clinical and radiographical outcomes, with a substantially lower complication rate than has been reported with traditional surgical procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  3.
authors.affiliation: *Midwest Orthopaedics at Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL †Division of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC ‡Spine Midwest, Inc., Jefferson City, MO §Georgia Spine and Neurosurgery Center, Decatur, GA ¶INSPIRE Research Foundation, Atlanta, GA ‖Northwest Orthopaedic Specialists, Spokane, WA **Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA ††Southern Oregon Orthopedics, Medford, OR ‡‡South Florida Spine Institute, Miami Beach, FL; and §§OrthoCarolina, Charlotte, NC.
authors.forename: Frank M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Isaacs
authors.forename: William Blake
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Rodgers
authors.forename: Kaveh
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Khajavi
authors.forename: Antoine G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Tohmeh
authors.forename: Vedat
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Deviren
authors.forename: Mark D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hyde
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kurd
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D018908:Muscle Weakness / Q000209:etiology; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016658:Psoas Muscles / Q000601:surgery; D011859:Radiography; D012187:Retroperitoneal Space / Q000601:surgery; D012600:Scoliosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors