title: Competitive testing of health behavior theories: how do benefits, barriers, subjective norm, and intention influence mammography behavior?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Competitive hypothesis testing may explain differences in predictive power across multiple health behavior theories.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We tested competing hypotheses of the Health Belief Model (HBM) and Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) to quantify pathways linking subjective norm, benefits, barriers, intention, and mammography behavior.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed longitudinal surveys of women veterans randomized to the control group of a mammography intervention trial (n = 704). We compared direct, partial mediation, and full mediation models with Satorra-Bentler χ (2) difference testing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Barriers had a direct and indirect negative effect on mammography behavior; intention only partially mediated barriers. Benefits had little to no effect on behavior and intention; however, it was negatively correlated with barriers. Subjective norm directly affected behavior and indirectly affected intention through barriers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results provide empiric support for different assertions of HBM and TRA. Future interventions should test whether building subjective norm and reducing negative attitudes increases regular mammography.
authors.affiliation: Center for Health Promotion and Prevention Research, University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Caitlin C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: Sally W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Vernon
authors.forename: Pamela M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Diamond
authors.forename: Jasmin A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Tiro
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001294:Attitude to Health; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D033182:Intention; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008327:Mammography / Q000523:psychology*; D011582:Psychological Theory