title: Sources, distribution and potential risks of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in Qingshan Lake basin, Eastern China.
abstract: In this study, we examined the occurrence and distribution of 12 selected pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) in Qingshan Lake basin and evaluated their potential ecological risks. Caffeine was the dominant compound among all selected PPCPs in the aqueous phase (23.8-344.7ng/L). Sediment release contributed minimally to caffeine levels found in the aqueous phase of Qingshan Lake. Concentrations of selected PPCPs in dry season water samples were generally higher than those in the water samples obtained during the wet or median water seasons. The risks of residual caffeine in water on aqueous organisms was minimal (risk quotient values below 0.01). Sulfamethoxazole and triclocarban posed the highest environmental risks despite their low concentrations (below 25ng/L in water and 10μg/kg in sediment) in Qingshan Lake basin. The risks produced by selected PPCPs in sediments were generally higher than in the aqueous phase.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Saichang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jianan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D002681:China; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D006795:Household Products / Q000032:analysis*; D060106:Lakes / Q000737:chemistry*; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000032:analysis*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry; D012621:Seasons; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D018508:Water Purification
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Backup drinking water source; Ecological risk; Pharmaceuticals and personal care products; Seasonal variation