title: Gene expression profiling of clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma: comparison with clear cell renal cell carcinoma and papillary renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: Clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma is a distinct variant of renal cell carcinoma that shares some overlapping histological and immunohistochemical features of clear cell renal cell carcinoma and papillary renal cell carcinoma. Although the clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma immunohistochemical profile is well described, clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma mRNA expression has not been well characterized. We investigated the clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma gene expression profile using previously identified candidate genes. We selected 17 clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma, 15 clear cell renal cell carcinoma, and 13 papillary renal cell carcinoma cases for molecular analysis following histological review. cDNA from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue was prepared. Quantitative real-time PCR targeting alpha-methylacyl coenzyme-A racemase (AMACR), BMP and activin membrane-bound inhibitor homolog (BAMBI), carbonic anhydrase IX (CA9), ceruloplasmin (CP), nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT), schwannomin-interacting protein 1 (SCHIP1), solute carrier family 34 (sodium phosphate) member 2 (SLC34A2), and vimentin (VIM) was performed. Gene expression data were normalized relative to 28S ribosomal RNA. Clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma expressed all eight genes at variable levels. Compared with papillary renal cell carcinoma, clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma expressed more CA9, CP, NNMT, and VIM, less AMACR, BAMBI, and SLC34A2, and similar levels of SCHIP1. Compared with clear cell renal cell carcinoma, clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma expressed slightly less NNMT, but similar levels of the other seven genes. Although clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma exhibits a unique molecular signature, it expresses several genes at comparable levels to clear cell renal cell carcinoma relative to papillary renal cell carcinoma. Understanding the molecular pathogenesis of clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma will have a key role in future sub-classifications of this unique tumor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Kevin E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Qiqin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yin-Goen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Dianne
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Alexis
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Sirintrapun
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Harrison
authors.affiliation: Emory Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Benjamin Isett
authors.affiliation: Emory Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA [2] Emory Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Carlos S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Young
authors.affiliation: 1] Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA [2] Emory Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA [3] Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Adeboye O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Osunkoya
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002291:Carcinoma, Papillary / Q000235:genetics*; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D059467:Transcriptome