title: Evaluation of factors related to late recurrence--later than 10 years after the initial treatment--in primary breast cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Breast cancer is associated with a relatively good prognosis. Prognostic factors examined to date are related to early recurrence while those related to late recurrence and their countermeasures remain unclear. Therefore, we examined the factors related to late recurrence.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 1980 to August 2012, 4,774 patients who underwent primary treatment and estrogen (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR) assessment were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into two groups, those with a follow-up period <10 years and those without any recurrence at 10 years but who continued follow-up examinations. Recurrence occurred in 711 patients followed up for <10 years and in 51 patients for ≥10 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall 10-year cumulative disease-free survival rate was 79.5%, and the recurrence rate at ≥10 years was 5.8%. A multivariate analysis revealed that the factors related to late recurrence were PgR positivity and positive nodes. This result differed from that for early recurrence in terms of ER/PgR, Ki-67 index and p53 overexpression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PgR positivity and lymph node metastases significantly correlated with late recurrence. Therefore, it is important to evaluate appropriate measures such as treatment period and treatment regimen for hormone-sensitive patients.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Kumamoto City Hospital, Kumamoto City, Japan. nishimura.reiki @ cityhosp-kumamoto.jp
authors.forename: Reiki
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: Tomofumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Osako
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishiyama
authors.forename: Rumiko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tashima
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: Mamiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujisue
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Toyozumi
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Arima
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000378:metabolism; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone; C495901:TP53 protein, human; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53