title: A European perspective on topical ophthalmic antibiotics: current and evolving options.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Eye infections can be vision-threatening and must be treated effectively by appropriate and safe use of topical ophthalmic anti-infectives. This review will essentially consider the current and evolving treatment options for the various types of bacterial eye infections. Ocular surface bacterial infections affect subjects of all ages with a high frequency in newborns and children.
  
  
  METHODS
  This article presents a review of the peer-reviewed published scientific literature in order to define the well-established uses of anti-infective eye drops in the field of ocular infections. A comprehensive search of the recent published literature including topical ophthalmic anti-infectives effective in bacterial ocular infections was performed. Clinical studies provide relevant data concerning the characteristics and clinical efficacy of antibacterial eye drops in ocular anterior segment infections or for perioperative prophylaxis. Publications were included to cover the current options of antibacterial eye drops available in Europe.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Several recent publications identified effective topical ocular antibacterials requiring a reduced dose regimen and a short treatment course. Additional literature reviewed included data on novel perioperative prophylaxis, indications for topical fortified antibiotics and innovative research including the risk of resistance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Safe and effective topical antibiotic eye drops for the treatment and prevention of ocular infections must be adapted to the type of bacteria suspected. Usual topical antimicrobials should be replaced by more recent and more effective treatments. The use of highly effective fluoroquinolones should be reserved for the most severe cases to avoid resistance. Short treatment courses, such as azithromycin, can be easily used in children, thereby improving quality of life.
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmology Department, Centre St Victor, University Hospital of Amiens, Picardie Jules Verne University, Amiens, France. ; INSERM UMRS968, Vision Institute, Paris 7 University, France.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bremond-Gignac
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chiambaretta
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Milazzo
keywords: azithromycin eye drops; bacterial conjunctivitis; children; endophthalmitis prophylaxis; newborn; short treatment course