title: Perovskite phase formation of monosized lead zirconate (PbZrO3) nanoparticles prepared by the sono-assisted co-precipitation method.
abstract: The chemical reaction and phase evolution of perovskite lead zirconate (PbZrO3; PZ) nanoparticles, synthesized by the sono-assisted co-precipitation method, have been investigated. The nanopowders were characterized using the X-ray diffraction technique (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope (TEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The perovskite phase, PbZrO3, begins to form at 600 degrees C and was completed at 900 degrees C. During the reaction of PbZrO3, only the tetragonal zirconia (t-ZrO2) phase was formed as an intermediate phase with low temperature range. Only Raman spectroscopy can identify the intermediate tetragonal zirconia (t-ZrO2) phase in PbZrO3 powders during calcinations process. The change in amount of the t-ZrO2 phase in PbZrO3 powders was estimated from Raman spectra as a function of the calcination temperature. Observations by transmission electron microscopy revealed that the PbZrO3 powders have a uniform spherical shape with nanosized particles. The average size of the particles is about 10.60 +/- 2 nm with narrow size distribution.
authors.affiliation: College of Nanotechnology, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand.
authors.forename: Piyanut
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Charoonsuk
authors.forename: Naratip
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vittayakorn
mesh_terms: D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000528:radiation effects; D011232:Chemical Precipitation; D003460:Crystallization / Q000379:methods; D019220:High-Energy Shock Waves; D007854:Lead / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects; D046911:Macromolecular Substances / Q000737:chemistry; D008422:Materials Testing; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010087:Oxides / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000528:radiation effects; D010316:Particle Size; D044367:Phase Transition; D013010:Sonication / Q000379:methods*; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000528:radiation effects; D015040:Zirconium / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects
chemical_list: D017610:Calcium Compounds; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D010087:Oxides; C059910:perovskite; D007854:Lead; D015040:Zirconium; D014025:Titanium; C028541:zirconium oxide