title: [Psychological gender in clinical depression. Preliminary study].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Psychosocial and social theories of mood disorders indicate that factors connected with women's gender roles could create a higher risk of depression. The fact that social role is an important factor associated with depressive disorders suggests that not only a biological but also a psychological gender influences the vulnerability to depression.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gender schema theory was applied to investigate a role of femininity in depressive disorders. It was predicted that patients who identify themselves with the traditional feminine gender role will be more depressed than androgynous and undifferentiated patients or individuals with high level of masculinity. Sixty one patients suffering from affective disorder participated in this research. The Polish adaptation of Bem Sex - Role Inventory and Beck Depression Inventory were used to investigate the association between psychological gender and symptoms of depression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results indicated that there is a significant connection between the type of psychological gender and the level of depression. The highest level of depression was shown by undifferentiated patients, femininity was also found to be associated with a great number of depressive symptoms. These findings also suggest that androgynous individuals and patients with a high level of masculinity tend to be less depressed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Psychological gender is an important factor which interacts to create a higher depression risk in men and women.
authors.affiliation: Instytut Psychologii UJ Kierownik.
authors.forename: Malwina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Szpitalak
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Prochwicz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology*; D004198:Disease Susceptibility / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008016:Life Change Events; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D016387:Women's Health