title: Dietary L-glutamine supplementation increases Pasteurella multocida burden and the expression of its major virulence factors in mice.
abstract: This study was conducted to determine the effects of graded doses of L-glutamine supplementation on the replication and distribution of Pasteurella multocida, and the expression of its major virulence factors in mouse model. Mice were randomly assigned to the basal diet supplemented with 0, 0.5, 1.0 or 2.0 % glutamine. Pasteurella multocida burden was detected in the heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney after 12 h of P. multocida infection. The expression of major virulence factors, toll-like receptors (TLRs), proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha) and anti-oxidative factors (GPX1 and CuZnSOD) was analyzed in the lung and spleen. Dietary 0.5 % glutamine supplementation has little significant effect on these parameters, compared to those with basal diet. However, results showed that a high dose of glutamine supplementation increased the P. multocida burden (P < 0.001) and the expression of its major virulence factors (P < 0.05) as compared to those with a lower dose of supplementation. In the lung, high dose of glutamine supplementation inhibited the proinflammatory responses (P < 0.05) and TLRs signaling (P < 0.05). In the spleen, the effect of glutamine supplementation on different components in TLR signaling depends on glutamine concentration, and high dose of glutamine supplementation activated the proinflammatory response. In conclusion, glutamine supplementation increased P. multocida burden and the expression of its major virulence factors, while affecting the functions of the lung and spleen.
authors.affiliation: Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage and Herbivorce, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.
authors.forename: Wenkai
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Shuping
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Shuai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Fengmei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Nengzhang
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Yuanyi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yulong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Guoyao
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D005973:Glutamine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D009928:Organ Specificity; D010325:Pasteurella / Q000235:genetics*; D010326:Pasteurella Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000235:genetics; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D016207:Cytokines; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D037521:Virulence Factors; D005973:Glutamine