title: Trends in post-mastectomy reconstruction: a SEER database analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was performed to investigate recent trends and factors associated with immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) using a large population-based registry. We hypothesized that rates of IBR have increased since passage of the Women's Health and Cancer Rights Act of 1998.
  
  
  METHODS
  The SEER (surveillance, epidemiology and end results) database was used to evaluate Stage I-III breast cancer (BC) patients who underwent total mastectomy from 1998 to 2008. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to study predictors of IBR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 112,348 patients with BC treated by mastectomy 18,001 (16%) had IBR. Rates of IBR increased significantly from 1998 to 2008 (P < 0.0001). Use of IBR significantly decreased as patient age increased (P < 0.0001), as stage increased (P < 0.0001), and as the number of positive lymph nodes increased (P < 0.0001). Estrogen receptor+/progesterone receptor+ (ER+/PR+) patients had significantly higher IBR rates than ER-/PR-patients (P < 0.0001). IBR was used in 3,615 of 25,823 (14.0%) of patients having post-mastectomy radiation (XRT) and in 14,188 of 86,513 (16.4%) of those not having XRT (P < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The utilization of IBR has increased significantly over the last decade. IBR was found to be significantly associated with age, race, geographical region, stage, ER, grade, LN status, and XRT (P < 0.0001).
authors.affiliation: Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA. julie.lang@med.usc.edu
authors.forename: Julie E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: Danielle E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Summers
authors.forename: Haiyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Joseph N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Carey
authors.forename: Rebecca K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Viscusi
authors.forename: Craig A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Hurst
authors.forename: Amy L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Waer
authors.forename: Michele L B
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Ley
authors.forename: Stephen F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Sener
authors.forename: Aparna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vijayasekaran
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016462:Mammaplasty / Q000639:trends*; D008408:Mastectomy; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D018426:SEER Program
keywords: SEER; breast cancer; immediate breast reconstruction; mastectomy