title: A prospective randomized double-blind study comparing dexmedetomidine vs. combination of midazolam-fentanyl for tympanoplasty surgery under monitored anesthesia care.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Analgesia and sedation are usually required for the comfort of the patient and surgeon during tympanoplasty surgery done under local anesthesia. In this study, satisfaction scores and effectiveness of sedation and analgesia with dexmedetomidine were compared with a combination of midazolam-fentanyl.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety patients undergoing tympanoplasty under local anesthesia randomly received either IV dexmedetomidine 1 μg kg(-1) over 10 min followed by 0.2 μg kg(-1)h(-1) infusion (Group D) or IV midazolam 0.06 mg kg(-1) plus IV fentanyl 1 μg kg(-1) over 10 min (Group MF) followed by normal saline infusion at 0.2 ml kg(-1)h(-1). Sedation was titrated to Ramsay sedation score (RSS) of three. Vital parameters, rescue analgesics (fentanyl 1 μg kg(-1)) and sedatives (midazolam 0.01 mg kg(-1)), patient and surgeon satisfaction scores were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patient and surgeon satisfaction score was better in Group D than Group MF (median interquartile range (IQR) 9 (8-10) vs. 8 (6.5-9.5) and 9 (8.5-9.5) vs. 8 (6.75-9.25), P = 0.0001 for both). Intraoperative heart rate and mean arterial pressure in Group D were lower than the baseline values and the corresponding values in Group MF (P < 0.05). Percentage of patients requiring rescue fentanyl was higher in Group MF than Group D (40% vs. 11.1%, P = 0.01). One patient in Group D while four in Group MF (8.8%) required rescue sedation with midazolam (P > 0.17). Seven patients in Group D had dry mouth vs. none in Group MF (P = 0.006). One patient in Group D had bradycardia with hypotension which was effectively treated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dexmedetomidine is comparable to midazolam-fentanyl for sedation and analgesia in tympanoplasty with better surgeon and patient satisfaction. Hemodynamics need to be closely monitored.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and Lokmanya Tilak Municipal General Hospital, Sion, Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Devangi A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Parikh
authors.forename: Sagar N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Kolli
authors.forename: Hemangi S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Karnik
authors.forename: Smita S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Lele
authors.forename: Bharati A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Tendolkar
keywords: Dexmedetomidine; midazolam fentanyl sedation; monitored anesthesia care; otological; satisfaction scores; sedation; surgery