title: Islamic medicine and evolutionary medicine: a comparative analysis.
abstract: The advent of evolutionary medicine in the last two decades has provided new insights into the causes of human disease and possible preventative strategies. One of the strengths of evolutionary medicine is that it follows a multi-disciplinary approach. Such an approach is vital to future biomedicine as it enables for the infiltration of new ideas. Although evolutionary medicine uses Darwinian evolution as a heuristic for understanding human beings' susceptibility to disease, this is not necessarily in conflict with Islamic medicine. It should be noted that current evolutionary theory was first expounded by various Muslim scientists such as al-Jāḥiẓ, al-Ṭūsī, Ibn Khaldūn and Ibn Maskawayh centuries before Darwin and Wallace. In this way, evolution should not be viewed as being totally antithetical to Islam. This article provides a comparative overview of Islamic medicine and Evolutionary medicine as well as drawing points of comparison between the two approaches which enables their possible future integration.
authors.affiliation: School of Medical Sciences. The University of Adelaide Adelaide, Australia.
authors.forename: Arthur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saniotis
keywords: Evolutionary Medicine; Islamic Medicine; fiṭra; integration; microcosm-macrocosm; mismatch; tawḥīd