title: Influence of intentional ankylosis of deciduous canines to reinforce the anchorage for maxillary protraction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This retrospective cephalometric study analyzed the influence of intentional ankylosis of deciduous canines in patients with Class III malocclusion and anterior crossbite, in the deciduous and early mixed dentition stages, treated by orthopedic maxillary expansion followed by maxillary protraction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Lateral cephalograms of 40 patients were used, divided in 2 groups paired for age and gender. The Ankylosis Group was composed of 20 patients (10 boys and 10 girls) treated with induced ankylosis and presenting initial and final mean ages of 7 years 4 months and 8 years 3 months, respectively, with a mean period of maxillary protraction of 11 months. The Control Group comprised 20 patients (10 boys and 10 girls) treated without induced ankylosis, with initial and final mean ages of 7 years 8 months and 8 years 7 months, respectively, with a mean period of maxillary protraction of 11 months. Two-way analysis of variance and covariance analysis were applied to compare the initial and final cephalometric variables and the treatment changes between groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  According to the results, the variables evidencing the significant treatment changes between groups confirmed that the intentional ankylosis enhanced the sagittal response of the apical bases (Pg-NPerp) and increased the facial convexity angles (NAP and ANB).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The protocol involving intentional ankylosis of deciduous canines enhanced the sagittal response of the apical bases.
authors.affiliation: UNIMAR. clinica@tocciortodontia.com.br
authors.forename: Luís Fernando Castaldi
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Tocci
authors.forename: Omar Gabriel
authors.initials: OG
authors.lastname: da Silva Filho
authors.forename: Acácio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fuziy
authors.forename: José Roberto Pereira
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Lauris
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003481:Cuspid / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008313:Malocclusion, Angle Class III / Q000628:therapy*; D008437:Maxilla / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D052280:Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D010155:Palatal Expansion Technique / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020254:Tooth Ankylosis; D014094:Tooth, Deciduous
keywords: Angle Class III; Crossbite; Interceptive orthodontics; Malocclusion