title: The influence of visuospatial attention on unattended auditory 40 Hz responses.
abstract: Information must integrate from multiple brain areas in healthy cognition and perception. The present study examined the extent to which cortical responses within one sensory modality are modulated by a complex task conducted within another sensory modality. Electroencephalographic (EEG) responses were measured to a 40 Hz auditory stimulus while individuals attended to modulations in the amplitude of the 40 Hz stimulus, and as a function of the difficulty of the popular computer game Tetris. The steady-state response to the 40 Hz stimulus was isolated by Fourier analysis of the EEG. The response at the stimulus frequency was normalized by the response within the surrounding frequencies, generating the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Seven out of eight individuals demonstrate a monotonic increase in the log SNR of the 40 Hz responses going from the difficult visuospatial task to the easy visuospatial task to attending to the auditory stimuli. This pattern is represented statistically by a One-Way ANOVA, indicating significant differences in log SNR across the three tasks. The sensitivity of 40 Hz auditory responses to the visuospatial load was further demonstrated by a significant correlation between log SNR and the difficulty (i.e., speed) of the Tetris task. Thus, the results demonstrate that 40 Hz auditory cortical responses are influenced by an individual's goal-directed attention to the stimulus, and by the degree of difficulty of a complex visuospatial task.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of New Mexico Albuquerque, NM, USA ; Department of Biology, Initiative for Maximizing Student Development, University of New Mexico Albuquerque, NM, USA ; The Mind Research Network, University of New Mexico Albuquerque, NM, USA.
authors.forename: Cullen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.forename: Cota Navin
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Sergey M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Plis
authors.forename: Eswar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Damaraju
authors.forename: Siddharth
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khullar
authors.forename: Vince D
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: Calhoun
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Bridwell
keywords: 40 Hz; EEG; ICA; SSAEP; frequency tagging; gamma band; tetris; visuospatial attention