title: Molecular epidemiology of rubella viruses involved in congenital rubella infections in São Paulo, Brazil, between 1996 and 2009.
abstract: Rubella virus (RV) infection during the early stages of pregnancy can lead to serious birth defects, known as congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). This retrospective study was conducted between 1996 and 2009 with surveillance specimens collected from patients suspected of congenital rubella infection (CRI) and CRS. The clinical samples (nine amminiotic fluid, eight urine, eight blood, one conception product, and one placenta) were sent for viral isolation and genotyping. Twenty-seven sequences were analysed and four genotypes (1a, 1B, 1G, and 2B) were identified in São Paulo that were involved in congenital infection. To our knowledge, this study is the first report that describes genetic diversity of the circulating rubella strains involved in CRI.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Núcleo de Doenças Respiratórias, São Paulo, Brazil. spcurti@uol.com.br
authors.forename: Suely Pires
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Curti
authors.forename: Cristina Adelaide
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Figueiredo
authors.forename: Maria Isabel
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.forename: Joelma Queiroz
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Andrade
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zugaib
authors.forename: Ana Lucia
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Frugis Yu
authors.forename: Danielle Bruna
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: Edison Luiz
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Durigon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011247:Pregnancy; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012410:Rubella Syndrome, Congenital / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D012412:Rubella virus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral
keywords: RT-PCR; congenital rubella infection; congenital rubella syndrome; genotype; isolation