title: A quantitative genetic basis for leaf morphology in a set of precisely defined tomato introgression lines.
abstract: Introgression lines (ILs), in which genetic material from wild tomato species is introgressed into a domesticated background, have been used extensively in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) improvement. Here, we genotype an IL population derived from the wild desert tomato Solanum pennellii at ultrahigh density, providing the exact gene content harbored by each line. To take advantage of this information, we determine IL phenotypes for a suite of vegetative traits, ranging from leaf complexity, shape, and size to cellular traits, such as stomatal density and epidermal cell phenotypes. Elliptical Fourier descriptors on leaflet outlines provide a global analysis of highly heritable, intricate aspects of leaf morphology. We also demonstrate constraints between leaflet size and leaf complexity, pavement cell size, and stomatal density and show independent segregation of traits previously assumed to be genetically coregulated. Meta-analysis of previously measured traits in the ILs shows an unexpected relationship between leaf morphology and fruit sugar levels, which RNA-Seq data suggest may be attributable to genetically coregulated changes in fruit morphology or the impact of leaf shape on photosynthesis. Together, our results both improve upon the utility of an important genetic resource and attest to a complex, genetic basis for differences in leaf morphology between natural populations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Chitwood
authors.forename: Ravi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Lauren R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Headland
authors.forename: Aashish
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ranjan
authors.forename: Michael F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Covington
authors.forename: Yasunori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ichihashi
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fulop
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Jiménez-Gómez
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Julin N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Maloof
authors.forename: Neelima R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Sinha
mesh_terms: D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D005638:Fruit / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D017343:Genes, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D018745:Genome, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D005838:Genotype; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D010641:Phenotype; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D040641:Quantitative Trait Loci / Q000235:genetics*; D032322:Solanum / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins