title: Multimodal imaging of pigment epithelial detachment: a guide to evaluation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the spectrum of pigment epithelial detachments (PEDs) occurring mainly in age-related macular degeneration and central serous chorioretinopathy and also in other inflammatory, neoplastic and iatrogenic, retinal, and systemic disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pigment epithelial detachments are divided into drusenoid, serous, vascularized, or mixed categories.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The clinical presentation, classification, and natural history of PEDs are reviewed as illustrated with multimodal imaging combining traditional and novel imaging techniques, including fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, fundus autofluorescence, and spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Most PEDs occur because of pathophysiologic mechanisms taking place below the retinal pigment epithelium that are difficult to identify with conventional imaging modalities. Enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography and indocyanine green angiography allow a better analysis of the subretinal pigment epithelium compartment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The differentiation between various kinds of PEDs is essential because each PED type is a distinct entity that has a specific pathogenesis, natural history, prognosis, and optimal treatment strategy.
authors.affiliation: *Vitreous Retina Macula Consultants of New York, New York, New York; †LuEsther T. Mertz Retinal Research Center, Manhattan Eye, Ear, and Throat Hospital, New York, New York; ‡Retinal Disorders and Ophthalmic Genetics Division, Jules Stein, Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California; and §Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare Center, Los Angeles, California.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mrejen
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sarraf
authors.forename: Sri Krishna
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Mukkamala
authors.forename: K Bailey
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Freund
mesh_terms: D056833:Central Serous Chorioretinopathy / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis; D004396:Coloring Agents; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis; D064847:Multimodal Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D012163:Retinal Detachment / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis*; D055213:Retinal Pigment Epithelium / Q000473:pathology*; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D007208:Indocyanine Green