title: Genotyping of human neutrophil antigens by polymerase chain reaction sequence-based typing.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Genotyping for human neutrophil antigen (HNA) systems is required in the investigation of disorders involving alloimmunisation to HNA. We established a polymerase chain reaction sequence-based typing method for genotyping HNA and determined the genotype and allele frequencies of HNA in the Zhejiang Han population of China.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four hundred, healthy unrelated Zhejiang Han individuals were recruited. Specific primers for HNA were designed and the polymerase chain reaction amplification conditions were optimised. Amplification amplicons were purified with enzyme digestion and then sequenced.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequencies of the FCGR3B*01 and FCGR3B*02 alleles were 0.613 and 0.387; no FCGR3B*03 allele was found. The frequencies of the SLC44A2*1 and SLC44A2*2 alleles were 0.654 and 0.346, respectively, while the frequencies of the ITGAL*1 (HNA-5a) and ITGAL*2 (HNA-5b) alleles were 0.896 and 0.104. Only ITGAM*1 (HNA-4a) allele was found in this study. Six single nucleotide polymorphisms were confirmed on sequenced regions separate from HNA polymorphisms, including FCGR3B (IVS3+39G>A and IVS3+52G>A), CD177(172A>G), SLC44A2 (IVS5-44A>G and IVS7-15T>C) and ITGAM (IVS3+118T>C).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The polymerase chain reaction sequence-based typing method for genotyping HNA is reliable. These data of HNA alleles frequencies could contribute to the analysis of alloimmunisation to HNA in China.
authors.affiliation: Blood Centre of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China Key Laboratory of Blood Safety Research, Ministry of Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Junjun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Blood Centre of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China Key Laboratory of Blood Safety Research, Ministry of Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Blood Centre of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China Key Laboratory of Blood Safety Research, Ministry of Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Blood Centre of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China Key Laboratory of Blood Safety Research, Ministry of Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Nanying
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Blood Centre of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China Key Laboratory of Blood Safety Research, Ministry of Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhedong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Blood Centre of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China Key Laboratory of Blood Safety Research, Ministry of Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Blood Centre of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China Key Laboratory of Blood Safety Research, Ministry of Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Faming
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Blood Centre of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China Key Laboratory of Blood Safety Research, Ministry of Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hangjun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lv
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics; D039481:CD11b Antigen / Q000235:genetics; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D005787:Gene Frequency; D060005:Genotyping Techniques; D006650:Histocompatibility Testing / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007438:Introns / Q000235:genetics; D007519:Isoantigens / Q000235:genetics*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D019009:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit / Q000235:genetics; D017452:Receptors, IgG / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D039481:CD11b Antigen; C428200:FCGR3B protein, human; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; C509295:ITGAM protein, human; D007519:Isoantigens; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D017452:Receptors, IgG; C484524:SLC44A2 protein, human; D019009:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit