title: Intraperitoneal exposure to nano/microparticles of fullerene (C₆₀) increases acetylcholinesterase activity and lipid peroxidation in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) brain.
abstract: Even though technologies involving nano/microparticles have great potential, it is crucial to determine possible toxicity of these technological products before extensive use. Fullerenes C60 are nanomaterials with unique physicochemical and biological properties that are important for the development of many technological applications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the consequences of nonphotoexcited fullerene C60 exposure in brain acetylcholinesterase expression and activity, antioxidant responses, and oxidative damage using adult zebrafish as an animal model. None of the doses tested (7.5, 15, and 30 mg/kg) altered AChE activity, antioxidant responses, and oxidative damage when zebrafish were exposed to nonphotoexcited C60 nano/microparticles during 6 and 12 hours. However, adult zebrafish exposed to the 30 mg/kg dose for 24 hours have shown enhanced AChE activity and augmented lipid peroxidation (TBARS assays) in brain. In addition, the up-regulation of brain AChE activity was neither related to the transcriptional control (RT-qPCR analysis) nor to the direct action of nonphotoexcited C60 nano/microparticles on the protein (in vitro results) but probably involved a posttranscriptional or posttranslational modulation of this enzymatic activity. Taken together these findings provided further evidence of toxic effects on brain after C60 exposure.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biologia Genômica e Molecular, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga 6681 Sala 134, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gonzalo Ogliari
authors.initials: GO
authors.lastname: Dal Forno
authors.forename: Luiza Wilges
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Kist
authors.forename: Mariana Barbieri
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: de Azevedo
authors.forename: Rachel Seemann
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Fritsch
authors.forename: Talita Carneiro Brandão
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Roberta Socoowski
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Britto
authors.forename: Sílvia Stanisçuaski
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Guterres
authors.forename: Irene Clemes
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Külkamp-Guerreiro
authors.forename: Carla Denise
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Bonan
authors.forename: José María
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Monserrat
authors.forename: Maurício Reis
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Bogo
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism*; D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D037741:Fullerenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D010537:Peritoneum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D013535:Suspensions; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D037741:Fullerenes; D013535:Suspensions; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; C069837:fullerene C60