title: Clinical, economic and humanistic burdens of skeletal-related events associated with bone metastases.
abstract: Despite effective skeletal-related event (SRE)-limiting therapies such as zoledronic acid and denosumab, SREs continue to place a meaningful burden on patients, providers and payers. However, studies of SRE-related effects on clinical (i.e., survival), economic (i.e., cost per event) and humanistic (i.e., quality of life) outcomes often report results in a composite manner and frequently do not differentiate the effects by SRE-type (i.e., bone radiation, bone surgery, hypercalcemia, pathological fracture and spinal cord compression). Nevertheless, understanding the differential burdens of individual SRE types, which vary in severity and duration of effect, is an important consideration - particularly in pharmacoeconomic evaluations of SRE-limiting therapies. In this review of the clinical, economic and humanistic SRE burden, it was found that SRE types can be differentiated by these outcomes, although economic outcomes are far more frequently reported than clinical or humanistic.
authors.affiliation: Pharmerit International, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Marc F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Botteman
mesh_terms: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000191:economics / Q000401:mortality / Q000523:psychology / Q000556:secondary* / Q000628:therapy*; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D016527:Drug Costs; D017850:Economics, Pharmaceutical; D005598:Fractures, Spontaneous / Q000191:economics / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D005102:Health Expenditures; D006801:Humans; D006934:Hypercalcemia / Q000191:economics / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D018803:Models, Economic; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000191:economics; D011788:Quality of Life; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000191:economics; D013117:Spinal Cord Compression / Q000191:economics / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents