title: Shifting paradigms: continuous nasogastric feeding with high caloric intakes in anorexia nervosa.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The initial goal of admission for a patient with anorexia nervosa is physiologic stabilization through nutritional rehabilitation balanced against the risk of refeeding syndrome. Recent alternative approaches emphasize meal composition, limiting carbohydrates, to reduce risk. The Montreal Children's Hospital has instituted a standardized high-calorie continuous nasogastric (NG) refeeding protocol for the initial management of inpatient adolescents with restrictive eating disorders. This study aims to confirm that this protocol results in a shorter admission duration and faster rate of weight gain without increased incidence of complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective chart review of patients with restrictive eating disorders admitted to the Montreal Children's Hospital during December 2003 to December 2011. Those treated with higher calorie NG refeeding protocol (N = 31) were compared with those managed with a standard bolus meal treatment (N = 134).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Length of stay was significantly reduced in the NG-fed cohort (NG cohort 33.8 days; bolus-fed cohort 50.9 days; p = .0002). Mean rate of weight gain in the NG group was significantly improved for both the first and second week when compared with the bolus-fed cohort (1.22 kg/week (1), p = .01; 1.06 kg/week (.9), p = .04). No significant difference was found in the rate of complications or electrolyte abnormalities with 90% of the NG-fed cohort receiving prophylactic phosphate supplementation from admission.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides further evidence to support the treatment of undernourished inpatients with restrictive type eating disorders with a higher initial caloric intake to achieve rapid and safe nutritional rehabilitation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Adolescent Medicine and Pediatric Gynecology, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Electronic address: holly.agostino@mcgill.ca.
authors.forename: Holly
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Agostino
authors.forename: Julius
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Erdstein
authors.forename: Giuseppina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Di Meglio
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000856:Anorexia Nervosa / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D052018:Bulimia Nervosa / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D002149:Energy Intake; D004750:Enteral Nutrition / Q000379:methods*; D001068:Feeding and Eating Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007441:Intubation, Gastrointestinal; D007902:Length of Stay; D010359:Patient Readmission; D055677:Refeeding Syndrome / Q000517:prevention & control; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015430:Weight Gain
keywords: Adolescent; Anorexia nervosa; Calories; Eating disorder; Nasogastric; Refeeding syndrome