title: Mitochondrial alterations during carcinogenesis: a review of metabolic transformation and targets for anticancer treatments.
abstract: Mitochondria play important roles in multiple cellular processes including energy metabolism, cell death, and aging. Regulated energy production and utilization are critical in maintaining energy homeostasis in normal cells and functional organs. However, mitochondria go through a series of morphological and functional alterations during carcinogenesis. The metabolic profile in transformed cells is altered to accommodate their fast proliferation, confer resistance to cell death, or facilitate metastasis. These transformations also provide targets for anticancer treatment at different levels. In this review, we discuss the major modifications in cell metabolism during carcinogenesis, including energy metabolism, apoptotic and autophagic cell death, adaptation of tumor microenvironment, and metastasis. We also summarize some of the main metabolic targets for treatments.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Peralta
authors.forename: Carlos T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Moraes
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis; D063646:Carcinogenesis; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics; D018450:Disease Progression; D004579:Electron Transport; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000378:metabolism; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; C497442:HIF1A protein, human; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species
keywords: HIF1; Hypoxia; Microenvironment; Mitochondria; ROS; Respiration; Warburg; mtDNA