title: Screening of antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic potential of oil from Piper longum and piperine with their possible mechanism.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycaemia and other symptoms like polyuria (frequent urination), polydipsia (increased thirst) and polyphagia (increased hunger) which ultimately causes various other complications like retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy and microangiopathy.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic potential of oil from Piper longum (PLO) and piperine was investigated with their possible mechanism using α-glucosidase, aldose reductase (AR), and pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  The biochemical parameters, viz. glucose level, insulin level, liver glycogen content, glycosylated hemoglobin, total plasma cholesterol, triglyceride, and antioxidant parameters, were estimated for all treated groups in acute and chronic antihyperglycemic animal models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PLO (100 and 200 mg/kg), piperine (25 and 50 mg/kg), and glibenclamide (0.6 mg/kg) in respective groups of diabetic animals administered for 28 days reduced the blood glucose level in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. There was significant increase in body weight, liver glycogen content, plasma insulin, and high-density lipoprotein and decrease in glycosylated hemoglobin, triglyceride, and total plasma cholesterol in PLO-administered groups as compared to control group. The IC50 value of PLO for α-glucosidase, AR, and pancreatic lipase was found to be 150 ± 2.5, 120 ± 1.2, and 175 ± 1.2 μg/ml, respectively, which was found comparable with the standard drugs acarbose (90 ± 2.3 μg/ml), quercetin (80 ± 2.3 μg/ml), and orlistat (25 ± 0.5 μg/ml), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The investigation done reveals that PLO has significant antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic activity.
authors.affiliation: Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Post Box: 38, Hisar-125001, India. neeruvasudeva@gmail.com
authors.forename: Suresh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Sunil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Neeru
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vasudeva
mesh_terms: D000449:Aldehyde Reductase / Q000378:metabolism; D000470:Alkaloids / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D052117:Benzodioxoles / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D005978:Glutathione / Q000097:blood; D006003:Glycogen / Q000378:metabolism; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008049:Lipase / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D031701:Piper; D010880:Piperidines / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D053284:Polyunsaturated Alkamides / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D000520:alpha-Glucosidases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D052117:Benzodioxoles; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D010880:Piperidines; D010938:Plant Oils; D053284:Polyunsaturated Alkamides; D014280:Triglycerides; D006003:Glycogen; D002784:Cholesterol; D000449:Aldehyde Reductase; D008049:Lipase; D000520:alpha-Glucosidases; D005978:Glutathione; C008922:piperine