title: Bioelectrical impedance phase angle in septic patients admitted to intensive care units.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To calculate the values of the phase angle of septic patients using bioelectrical impedance analysis, correlate the values with clinical and biochemical variables, and compare them to reference values.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cohort study conducted with 50 septic patients aged ≥ 18 years old, admitted to intensive care units, and assessed according to prognostic indexes (APACHE II and SOFA), clinical progression (mortality, severity of sepsis, length of stay in intensive care unit), biochemical parameters (albumin and C-reactive protein), and the phase angle.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average age of the sample was 65.6 ± 16.5 years. Most patients were male (58%) and suffering from septic shock (60%). The average APACHE II and SOFA scores were 22.98 ± 7.1 and 7.5 ± 3.4, respectively. The patients who survived stayed nine days on average (five to 13) in the intensive care unit, and the mortality rate was 30%. The average value of the phase angle was 5.4 ± 2.6° in the total sample and was smaller among the females compared with the males (p=0.01). The phase angle measures did not exhibit an association with the severity of the sepsis, mortality, gender, and age or correlate with the length of hospitalization or the biochemical parameters. The participants' phase angle values adjusted per gender and age were 1.1 to 1.9 times lower compared with the values for a normal population.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The average value of the phase angle of septic patients was lower compared with the reference values for a healthy population. The phase angle measures did not exhibit association with the clinical and biochemical variables, which might be explained by the sample homogeneity.
authors.affiliation: Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. marina.berbigier@gmail.com
authors.forename: Marina Carvalho
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Berbigier
authors.forename: Valeska Fernandes
authors.initials: VF
authors.lastname: Pasinato
authors.forename: Bibiana de Almeida
authors.initials: Bde A
authors.lastname: Rubin
authors.forename: Rafael Barberena
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Moraes
authors.forename: Ingrid Dalira Schweigert
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Perry
mesh_terms: D018806:APACHE; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D017097:Electric Impedance; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D018805:Sepsis / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology*