title: Predictors of reading fluency in Italian orthography: evidence from a cross-sectional study of primary school students.
abstract: This study investigates the role of linguistic and visuospatial attentional processes in predicting reading fluency in typical Italian readers attending primary school. Tasks were administered to 651 children with reading fluency z scores > -1.5 standard deviation to evaluate their phonological awareness, rapid automatized naming (RAN), verbal short-term memory, vocabulary, visual search skills, verbal-visual recall, and visual-spatial attention. Hybrid models combining confirmatory factor analysis and path analysis were used to evaluate the data obtained from younger (first and second grade) and older (third-fifth grade) children, respectively. The results showed that phonological awareness and RAN played a significant role among younger children, while also vocabulary, verbal short-term memory, and visuospatial attention were significant factors among older children.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychology , University of Milan-Bicocca , Milan , Italy.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tobia
authors.forename: Gian Marco
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Marzocchi
mesh_terms: D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D001364:Awareness; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D007807:Language Tests; D008037:Linguistics; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011930:Reaction Time; D011932:Reading; D012574:Schools; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology*; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology
keywords: Predictors of reading fluency; Primary school children; Reading development; Transparent orthography