title: Factor structure and reliability of the depression, anxiety and stress scales in a large Portuguese community sample.
abstract: The purpose of the present study was to assess the factor structure and reliability of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS-21) in a large Portuguese community sample. Participants were 1020 adults (585 women and 435 men), with a mean age of 36.74 (SD = 11.90) years. All scales revealed good reliability, with Cronbach's alpha values between .80 (anxiety) and .84 (depression). The internal consistency of the total score was .92. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the best-fitting model (*CFI = .940, *RMSEA = .038) consisted of a latent component of general psychological distress (or negative affectivity) plus orthogonal depression, anxiety and stress factors. The Portuguese version of the DASS-21 showed good psychometric properties (factorial validity and reliability) and thus can be used as a reliable and valid instrument for measuring depression, anxiety and stress symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (Portugal).
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vasconcelos-Raposo
authors.forename: Helder Miguel
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.forename: Carla M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Teixeira
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011174:Portugal; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000295:instrumentation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult