title: A Case of Foreign-Body Granuloma of the Glabella due to Polyacrylamide Filler and an Intractable Ulcer after Skin Biopsy: An Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Inflammatory Changes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Polyacrylamide hydrogel has been considered a safe and biocompatible soft tissue filler, and it has been widely used in cosmetic procedures. However, recent studies have revealed some complications with polyacrylamide filler injections.
  
  
  METHODS
  We present the case of foreign-body granulomas of the glabella, which subsequently formed an infectious ulcer 3 years after a polyacrylamide injection. An immunohistochemical evaluation of the foreign-body granulomas was performed in order to study the relationship between foreign-body granulomas and immune response.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We believe that our analysis of foreign-body granulomas 1 and 3 years after a filler injection may contribute to revealing the mechanism of chronic and intractable infections after filler injections.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Yamato Takada Municipal Hospital, Nara, Japan.
authors.forename: Kio
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Fuyuko
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nishiwaki
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kabashima
authors.forename: Yoshiki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyachi
keywords: Foreign-body granuloma; Immunohistochemical evaluation; Inflammatory change; Polyacrylamide filler