title: Clinical characteristics and treatment of 22 eyes of morning glory syndrome associated with persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the clinical manifestations and treatment outcomes in a retrospective case series of morning glory syndrome (MGS) associated with persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV).
  
  
  METHODS
  The medical records of 85 eyes/74 patients referred for ophthalmology consultation diagnosed as MGS in our clinic were reviewed retrospectively. All patients underwent thorough ophthalmological examinations. 22 eyes of 19 patients diagnosed as having MGS associated with PHPV were included, accounting for 25.88% of all the MGS eyes. Clinical manifestations and management of these patients were documented.
  
  
  RESULTS
  15 patients (78.95%) were younger than 1 year old at the first diagnosis. Six eyes were associated with microphthalmia. 19 of 22 eyes (86.36%) had complications, including cataract (10 eyes), secondary glaucoma (8 eyes), corneal leucoma or oedema (8 eyes), retinal detachment (8 eyes), strabismus (3 eyes) and nystagmus (2 eyes). Treatment methods varied depending on the severity of the complications. Nine eyes with secondary glaucoma or cataract got lensectomy; three eyes underwent combined vitrectomy and lensectomy. Eight patients underwent cranial MRI/MR angiography or CT examination. Widened cerebral fissures of bilateral temporal lobes, abnormal dilated branch of middle cerebral artery in the left hemisphere and abnormal signal in the grey matter of frontal and occipital lobes were revealed respectively in three patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study revealed the coexistence of PHPV in a significant percentage of patients with MGS, suggesting a potential common genetic link. Compared with MGS and PHPV alone, the combination of the two conditions manifested with higher incidence and more severe complications in younger patients. Close follow-up was recommended. Lensectomy and vitrectomy were beneficial in the management of the complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital, affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, , Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fei
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Peiquan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002387:Cataract Extraction; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009898:Optic Disk / Q000002:abnormalities*; D054514:Persistent Hyperplastic Primary Vitreous / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013577:Syndrome; D014821:Vitrectomy
keywords: Optic Nerve; Retina; Vitreous