title: Cell death mechanisms and potentially cytotoxic natural immune cells in human pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia.
abstract: Preeclampsia, which occurs in about 2% to 3% of all pregnancies, is a severe multisystem disorder showing symptoms in the second half of human pregnancy. Its prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment are insufficient, since etiology and pathogenesis of the disease are still not totally understood. Recent studies confirm that preeclampsia is the extreme end of a normal inflammatory reaction, which also occurs in healthy pregnancies. This review focuses on maternal immune changes during preeclampsia leading to altered cytotoxic responses. The potential role of perforin/granzyme-, Fas/Fas-ligand-, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α)- or TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-mediated apoptotic mechanisms in the pathomechanism is analyzed. The frequency and function of effector cytotoxic cells of natural immunity itself such as natural killer (NK) cells, NKT cells, and γδT cells are also changed both in the periphery and locally in the uterus influencing the outcome of pregnancy. Here, authors conclude that beside exaggerated inflammatory responses, apoptotic and killing mechanisms also seem to be implicated in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Clinical Centre, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary.
authors.forename: Aliz
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barakonyi
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Miko
authors.forename: Laszlo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Szereday
authors.forename: Petra Dora
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Polgar
authors.forename: Timea
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nemeth
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Szekeres-Bartho
authors.forename: Geraldine Laura
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Engels
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000276:immunology*; D016923:Cell Death / Q000276:immunology; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic / Q000276:immunology*; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand / Q000276:immunology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
keywords: NK cells; NKT cells; cytotoxicity; preeclampsia; γδT cells