title: Widespread occurrence of polyhalogenated compounds in fat from kitchen hoods.
abstract: Food and contaminated indoor environments are the most relevant sources of human exposure to polyhalogenated chemicals. This study analyzed for the first time fat residues in kitchen hoods for contaminations with polyhalogenated compounds. A wide range of contaminants was detected in all kitchen hoods (n = 15) and most of them could be quantified. Between 0.2 and 18 μg polyhalogenated chemicals/g fat were detected, with chlorinated paraffins being the most relevant contaminant group. Aside from the chlorinated paraffins, each kitchen hood fat sample showed a distinct fingerprint. A wide range of old and current-use brominated flame retardants were also detected in the samples. In addition to these contaminants originating from their use in indoor equipment, residues of organochlorine pesticides and semi-volatile halogenated natural products verified that cooking of food, accompanied with the release of contaminants from the heated food, was another relevant source of contamination. Re-analyses of two samples after 3 months only resulted in small variations in contaminant pattern and concentrations. Therefore, fat from kitchen hoods is proposed as an easily accessible matrix to assess contamination of these hazardous polyhalogenated chemicals.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 28, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bendig
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hägele
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Vetter
mesh_terms: D003296:Cooking; D005223:Fats / Q000737:chemistry*; D005411:Flame Retardants / Q000032:analysis; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated / Q000032:analysis*; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000032:analysis*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D005223:Fats; D005411:Flame Retardants; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D010575:Pesticides