title: Molecular links between Alzheimer's disease and diabetes mellitus.
abstract: Substantial epidemiological evidence shows an increased risk for developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) in people with diabetes. Yet the underlying molecular mechanisms still remain to be elucidated. This article reviews the current studies on common pathological processes of Alzheimer's disease and diabetes with particular focus on potential mechanisms through which diabetes affects the initiation and progression of Alzheimer's disease. Impairment of insulin signaling, inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, advanced glycation end products, APOEε4 and cholesterol appear to be important mediators and are likely to act synergistically in promoting AD pathology.
authors.affiliation: Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, Brain Research Center, Graduate Program in Neuroscience, The University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D058227:Amyloidogenic Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D053327:Apolipoprotein E4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000503:physiopathology; D007328:Insulin / Q000502:physiology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D058227:Amyloidogenic Proteins; D053327:Apolipoprotein E4; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D007328:Insulin; D002784:Cholesterol
keywords: AD; APP; Alzheimer’s disease; Aβ; BACE1; GSK3β; IDE; IGF; NSAID; amyloid β precursor protein; amyloid β protein; diabetes; glycogen synthase kinase 3β; hIAPP; human islet amyloid polypeptide; insulin-degrading enzyme; insulin-like growth factor; molecular links; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; β-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1