title: Promotion of remyelination by adipose mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in a cuprizone model of multiple sclerosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Stem cell transplantation is a new therapeutic approach for demyelinating diseases such as MS which may promote remyelination. In this study, we evaluate the remyelinating potential of adipose mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) and their effect on neural cell composition in the corpus callosum in an experimental model of MS.
  
  
  METHODS
  This experimental study used adult male C57BL/6 mice. Cultured ADSCs were confirmed to be CD73(+),CD90(+), CD31(-),CD45(-), and labeled by PKH26. Animals were fed with 0.2% w/w cuprizone added to ground breeder chow ad libitum for six weeks. At day 0 after cuprizone removal, mice were randomly divided into two groups: the ADSCs-transplanted group and the control vehicle group (received medium alone). Some mice of the same age were fed with their normal diet to serve as healthy control group. Homing of ADSCs in demyelinated lesions was examined by fluorescent microscope. At ten days after transplantation, the mice were euthanized and their cells analyzed by luxol fast blue staining (LFB), transmission electron microscopy and flow cytometry. Results were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  According to fluorescent cell labeling, transplanted ADSCs appeared to survive and exhibited homing specificity. LFB staining and transmission electron microscope evaluation revealed enhanced remyelination in the transplanted group compared to the control vehicle group. Flow cytometry analysis showedan increase in Olig2 and O4 cells and a decrease in GFAP and Iba-1 cells in the transplanted group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that ADSCs may provide a feasible, practical way for remyelination in diseases such as MS.
authors.affiliation: 1. Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Azim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hedayatpour
authors.forename: Iraj
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ragerdi
authors.forename: Parichehr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pasbakhsh
authors.forename: Laya
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kafami
authors.forename: Nader
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Atlasi
authors.forename: Vahid
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pirhajati Mahabadi
authors.forename: Soudabeh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghasemi
authors.forename: Mahmoudi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reza
keywords: Adipose; Demyelination; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Transplantation