title: Sinonasal bony changes in nasal polyposis: prevalence and relationship to disease severity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nasal polyposis is characterised by opacification of the nasal cavities, paranasal sinuses and ostiomeatal complexes on computed tomography scanning. Sinonasal bony changes have been reported as disease sequelae.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the prevalence of sinonasal bone expansion, erosion and thickening in patients with nasal polyposis, and to correlate disease severity with the prevalence of bony changes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective radiological study was conducted comprising pre-operative computed tomography scans of 104 patients with nasal polyposis and scans of 44 age- and gender-matched individuals (control group) without sinonasal disease. Lund–Mackay scores and bony changes were quantified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-three per cent of the study group scans showed sinonasal bony change, with no changes in the control group. Radiological severity of nasal polyposis correlated positively with the prevalence of bony changes (rs = 0.31; p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sinonasal bony changes were common in the study group. This highlights the importance of pre- and intra-operative imaging, which can help to prevent intra-operative complications. As bony changes may mimic invasive disease, the importance of histological assessment of polyps is emphasised.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rhinology, Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital, London, UK. juveria@doctors.org.uk
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Siddiqui
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Millard
authors.forename: A Z
authors.initials: AZ
authors.lastname: Eweiss
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Beale
authors.forename: V J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Lund
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009298:Nasal Polyps / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D010254:Paranasal Sinus Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D010256:Paranasal Sinuses / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011300:Preoperative Care; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult