title: Comparative study of various delivery methods for the supply of alpha-ketoglutarate to the neural cells for tissue engineering.
abstract: Delivery of growth factors or bioactive molecules plays an important role in tissue engineering, as the duration to which these are supplied can modulate the cell fate. Thus, the delivery method plays an important role, and the same is presented in this work wherein the exogenous supply of alpha-ketoglutarate ( α -KG) gave better results for fast proliferating cells as compared to delivery by microspheres or microspheres incorporated scaffolds which can be used while culturing slow growing cells. All these studies were performed in two dimensional (2D) and three dimensional (3D) setups in which chitosan-gelatin-polypyrrole has been used as 3-D scaffolds. Chitosan and gelatin microspheres alone as well as incorporated in the cryogels were characterized. MTT assay done using neuro-2a cell line showed approximately 42% and 70% increment in cellular proliferation when gelatin and chitosan microspheres were added in a 3-D setup, respectively, as compared to the control. Biochemical analysis of ammonia showed 6-fold reductions in ammonia level in a 3-D setup compared to the control. We also studied the synthesis of a neurotransmitter-like glutamate and found that its concentration increased up to 0.25 mg/ml when the microspheres were added exogenously in a 3-D system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India.
authors.forename: Tanushree
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vishnoi
authors.forename: Ashok
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002214:Capsules; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry*; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry*; D005780:Gelatin / Q000737:chemistry*; D007656:Ketoglutaric Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D051379:Mice; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D002214:Capsules; D004337:Drug Carriers; D007656:Ketoglutaric Acids; D005780:Gelatin; D048271:Chitosan