title: Distribution and ecological risk of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in sediments from the Mediterranean coastal environment of Egypt.
abstract: Organochlorine contamination in the Mediterranean coastal environment of Egypt was assessed based on 26 surface sediments samples collected from several locations on the Egyptian coast, including harbors, coastal lakes, bays, and estuaries. The distribution and potential ecological risk of contaminants is described. Organochlorine compounds (OCs) were widely distributed in the coastal environment of Egypt. Concentrations of PCBs, DDTs, and chloropyrifos ranged from 0.29 to 377ngg(-1) dw, 0.07 to 81.5ngg(-1) dw, and below the detection limit (DL) to 288ngg(-1) dw, respectively. Other organochlorinated pesticides (OCP) studied were 1-2 orders of magnitude lower. OCP and PCBs had higher concentrations at Burullus Lake, Abu Qir Bay, Alexandria Eastern Harbor, and El Max Bay compared to other sites. OCP and PCB contamination is higher in the vicinity of possible input sources such as shipping, industrial activities and urban areas. PCB congener profiles indicated they were derived from more than one commercially available mixture. The ratios of commercial chlordane and heptachlor metabolites indicate historical usage; however, DDT and HCHs inputs at several locations appear to be from recent usage. The concentrations of PCBs and DDTs are similar to those observed in sediments from coastal areas of the Mediterranean Sea. Ecotoxicological risk from DDTs and PCBs is greatest in Abu Qir Bay, Alexandria Harbor, and El-Max Bay.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Moharrem Bek, Alexandria 21511, Egypt. asem.barakat@alex-sci.edu.eg
authors.forename: Assem O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Barakat
authors.forename: Alaa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mostafa
authors.forename: Terry L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Wade
authors.forename: Stephen T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Sweet
authors.forename: Nadia B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: El Sayed
mesh_terms: D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D017753:Ecosystem; D004534:Egypt; D063366:Estuaries; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D008522:Mediterranean Sea; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D018570:Risk Assessment
chemical_list: D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D010575:Pesticides; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls
keywords: Ecotoxicological risk; Mediterranean Sea; Organochlorinated pesticides; PCBs; Sediment