title: Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in smoked fish samples by a new microextraction technique and method optimisation using response surface methodology.
abstract: Microwave-assisted extraction coupled with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction as a recently introduced method was applied to determine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Iranian smoked fish. The results showed that the interaction of hydrolysing solution volume with ethanol ratio, volumes of extracting and disperser solvent is significant in the obtained model. Optimized conditions were: a hydrolysing solution volume 10 ml with 50% ethanol, a pH of 5, and extracting and disperser solvent volumes of 150 and 500 μl respectively. The level of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was determined in 80 smoked fish consisting of four species. The contamination of benzo[a]pyrene in all samples except three was below the European Commission's maximum level of 2 μg kg(-1) for smoked fish, while the ∑4 PAHs (benzo[a]pyrene, chrysene, benzo[a]anthracene and benzo[b]fluoranthene) were between 3 and 12 μg kg(-1) wet weight in all samples. Of the species examined, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix had the highest PAHs (∑16).
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition Science, Food science and Technology/National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. ab.mohammadi@sbmu.ac.ir
authors.forename: Abdorreza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mohammadi
authors.forename: Vahid
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ghasemzadeh-Mohammadi
authors.forename: Parivash
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Haratian
authors.forename: Ramin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Khaksar
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chaichi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005396:Fish Products / Q000032:analysis* / Q000145:classification; D005399:Fishes / Q000145:classification; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D059627:Liquid Phase Microextraction / Q000379:methods*; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
keywords: Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME); Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS); Microwave assisted extraction (MAE); Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs); Response surface methodology; Smoked fish