title: Efficacy and safety of sublingual fentanyl orally disintegrating tablets in patients with breakthrough pain: multicentre prospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of sublingual fentanyl oral disintegrating tablets (sublingual fentanyl ODT) for the treatment of breakthrough pain (BTP), cancer or non-cancer related, in terms of relief of pain intensity, adverse events (AEs) and patient satisfaction, and to further examine the clinical and epidemiological profile of patients with BTP in a clinical setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  A multicentre, prospective, open-label study was conducted in 19 pain units from Catalonia hospitals (Spain) over a 1-month period. Opioid-tolerant adult patients experiencing episodes of BTP intensity >5 on a visual analogue scale (VAS) during the 12-24 h before screening or AEs related to their previous rescue medication for BTP received sublingual fentanyl ODT in the course of routine clinical practice and completed a 30-day study period consisting of five assessment points: days 0 (baseline), 3, 7, 15 and 30. The efficacy was assessed by collecting pain intensity and pain relief data at baseline and at each assessment. AEs were recorded by investigators throughout the study during clinic visits and telephone follow-ups. For all patients, titration was begun with an initial dose of 100 μg. No more than two doses were allowed to treat an episode and patients might wait at least 4 h before treating another BTP episode with sublingual fentanyl ODT. The dose was increased by 100 μg multiples up to 400 μg as needed; and by 200 μg multiples up from 400 to 800 μg, the maximum titration step.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 182 patients were enrolled and 177 (97.2 %) completed the study: 37 had breakthrough cancer pain (BTcP) and 145 had breakthrough non-cancer pain (BTncP). The mean pain intensity showed a statistically significant improvement at the first assessment point and at all assessments thereafter (p < 0.0001). At the end of the study, the time lag between administration and first effect of sublingual fentanyl ODT was ≤10 min in 69.0 % (60 % BTcP and 71.2 % BTncP). The number of daily BTP episodes decreased in both groups, but it was statistically significant in BTcP. 114 patients (62.64 %) experienced AEs during the study. AEs recorded included nausea, vomiting, somnolence and constipation, and seven (4.49 %) were considered severe. No death or discontinuation was considered related to AEs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sublingual fentanyl ODT provided rapid and consistent relief from BTP, both in cancer and non-cancer patients. It was well-tolerated and well-accepted by patients in routine clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital Plató, c/ Plató 21, 08006, Barcelona, Spain. jordi.guitart@hospitalplato.com
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guitart
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Vargas
authors.forename: Vicente
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: De Sanctis
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ferreras
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fuentes
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Salazar
authors.forename: Juan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Vázquez
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Folch
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moya
authors.forename: Hermann
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ribera
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rodelas
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tomás
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arilla
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Coma
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aberasturi
authors.forename: Dolores
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sintes
authors.forename: Ester
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lombán
mesh_terms: D000286:Administration, Sublingual; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D059390:Breakthrough Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013607:Tablets
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D013607:Tablets; D005283:Fentanyl