title: [Clinical studies in peripheral arterial occlusive disease: update from the aspects of a meta-narrative review].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Atherosclerosis is a systemic disease. Its association with the metabolic syndrome requires a multimodal therapy setting, to alleviate symptoms and for primary and secondary prevention. In the planning of the therapy, information about evidence of the interventions and a rationale for reasonable combinations are important.
  
  
  METHODS
  For compiling a meta-narrative review (MNR) on the evidence of complementary and conventional pharmaco-therapy in peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD), the literature was searched for meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). These were evaluated taking into account network-pharmacological aspects and research parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  4 suitable meta-analyses were found. In comparison to placebo, treatments with verum showed a significant improvement of the maximum walking distance of 63.5 m (95% confidence interval (CI) 27.11-99.91 m; Padma 28, Tibetan Formula), 41.3 m (95% CI -7.1-89.7 m; cilostazol, phosphodiesterase IIl inhibitor), 43.8 m (95% CI 14.1-73.6 m; pentoxifylline, rheological drug), and 71.2 m (95% CI 13.3-129.0 m; naftidrofuryl, rheological drug). Only for Padma 28, clinical relevance, defined as an increase of the maximum walking distance by >100 m, was analyzed and reached by 18.2% of the verum and 2.1% of the placebo patients (odds ratio 10; 95% CI 3.03-33.33). 1 conventional and 1 complementary drug additionally showed to have significant pleiotropic effects (Padma 28 and cilostazol (e.g. reduction of triglycerides)).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to meta-analytic evidence, naftidrofuryl and Padma 28 show clinically relevant efficacy for the treatment of early stages of PAOD. The extent to which the theoretically possible combination of different drugs contributes to improve the systemic disease under a network-pharmacological rationale remains to be shown in a multi-armed RCT.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Naturheilkunde, Universitätsspital Zürich, Schweiz. joerg.melzer@usz.ch
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Melzer
authors.forename: Reinhard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Saller
mesh_terms: D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000077407:Cilostazol; D000529:Complementary Therapies; D006801:Humans; D007383:Intermittent Claudication / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy; D038861:Medicine, Tibetan Traditional; D009257:Nafronyl / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010431:Pentoxifylline / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D013777:Tetrazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D016138:Walking
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D013777:Tetrazoles; D014280:Triglycerides; C066069:Padma 28; D009257:Nafronyl; D000077407:Cilostazol; D010431:Pentoxifylline