title: Parthenolide reduces cell proliferation and prostaglandin E2 [corrected] in human endometriotic stromal cells and inhibits development of endometriosis in the murine model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of parthenolide on human endometriotic cells and murine endometriotic lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experimental study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University hospital and laboratory of animal science.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty women with ovarian endometrioma and 30 mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ectopic endometrial tissue from the endometrioma was collected.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human endometriotic stromal cells (ESCs) were pretreated with parthenolide and exposed to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Interleukin 8 (IL-8) and COX-2 gene expressions were evaluated by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Interleukin-8 protein, prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) level, and intranuclear p65 protein concentration were determined by ELISA. Cell proliferation was assessed by 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine-ELISA. Phosphorylation of signaling pathways in ESCs was evaluated by Western blotting. Gene expression and proliferative activity in murine endometriosis-like lesions were assessed by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Ki67 staining, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With parthenolide pretreatment, TNF-α-induced IL-8 gene and protein expression in ESCs were diminished. Tumor necrosis factor α-induced COX-2 expression and PGE2 synthesis were also inhibited. Adding parthenolide repressed TNF-α-induced 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation and IκB phosphorylation in ESCs. As in vivo experiments, administering parthenolide reduced the number, surface area, and weight, the level of Vegf, Il-6, Mcp-1, and Lif gene expression, and the percentage of Ki67-positive cells in murine endometriosis-like lesions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Parthenolide repressed the development of endometriosis by suppressing the inflammatory peritoneal environment through the nuclear factor κB pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan.
authors.forename: Eri
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Takai
authors.forename: Fuminori
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
authors.forename: Kazuomi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uegaki
authors.forename: Tomio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iwabe
authors.forename: Tasuku
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Harada
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004715:Endometriosis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004717:Endometrium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D004958:Estradiol; D005260:Female; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010766:Phosphorylation; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; C508606:CXCL8 protein, human; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D016209:Interleukin-8; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; C498143:RELA protein, human; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C002669:parthenolide; D004958:Estradiol; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human; D015232:Dinoprostone
keywords: COX-2–PGE(2); NF-κB pathway; Parthenolide; cell proliferation