title: Hip joint torques during the golf swing of young and senior healthy males.
abstract: METHODS
  Descriptive, laboratory study.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the 3-D hip torques during a golf swing between young and senior healthy male amateur golfers. The secondary purpose was to compare the 3-D hip joint torques between the trail leg and lead leg.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The generation of hip torques from the hip musculature is an important aspect of the golf swing. Golf is a very popular activity, and estimates of hip torques during the golf swing have not been reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty healthy male golfers were divided into a young group (mean ± SD age, 25.1 ± 3.1 years) and a senior group (age, 56.9 ± 4.7 years). All subjects completed 10 golf swings using their personal driver. A motion capture system and force plates were used to obtain kinematic and kinetic data. Inverse dynamic analyses were used to calculate 3-D hip joint torques of the trail and lead limbs. Two-way analyses of covariance (group by leg), with club-head velocity as a covariate, were used to compare peak hip torques between groups and limbs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Trail-limb hip external rotator torque was significantly greater in the younger group compared to the senior group, and greater in the trail leg versus the lead leg.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When adjusting for club-head velocity, young and senior healthy male amateur golfers generated comparable hip torques during a golf swing, with the exception of the trail-limb hip external rotator torque. The largest hip torque found was the trail-limb hip extensor torque.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy; Human Performance and Biodynamics Laboratory, Winston-Salem State University, Winston-Salem, NC.
authors.forename: Judy L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Foxworth
authors.forename: Audrey L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Millar
authors.forename: Benjamin L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Long
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Way
authors.forename: Matthew W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Vellucci
authors.forename: Joshua D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Vogler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D006055:Golf / Q000502:physiology*; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019415:Torque