title: Hospitalisation for depressive disorder following unemployment--differentials by gender and immigrant status: a population-based cohort study in Sweden.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The association between unemployment and poor mental health in general is explained by both causation and selection. The aim was to study whether experiencing unemployment was a risk factor for hospitalisation for depressive disorder specifically, and whether gender and immigrant status modified the hypothesised risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  A register-based prospective cohort study, 2000-2006, of persons aged 18-64 with a strong connection to the Swedish labour market.
  
  
  RESULTS
  hospital admission for a depressive episode; F32 in International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision.
  
  
  METHODS
  employment status. Explanatory variables: gender and immigrant status. Confounders: age group, education and marital status. Cox regression models were used to estimate HRs with 95% CIs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cohort comprised 3 284 896 adults, 47.5% women. An excess relative risk for hospitalisation was found among those who became unemployed (HR=1.94, 95% CI 1.85 to 2.03). Foreign-born women who experienced unemployment had the highest relative risk (HR=3.47 95% CI 3.02 to 3.98).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among persons with a strong connection to the labour market experiencing unemployment, is a risk factor for hospitalisation for depressive disorders. Unemployed foreign-born women had the highest relative risk compared with all Swedish born, all foreign-born men and to employed foreign-born women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Social Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, , Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Anna-Clara
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Hollander
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bruce
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ekberg
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Burström
authors.forename: Solvig
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ekblad
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D014478:Unemployment / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: DEPRESSION; GENDER; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; MIGRATION; UNEMPLOYMENT