title: Significance of Dopaminergic Gene Variants in the Male Biasness of ADHD.
abstract: ADHD is frequently detected in boys though there is no established cause. One possibility is that genes predisposing to ADHD have sexually dimorphic effects. With an aim to find out the reason for this male biasness, contribution of 14 functional polymorphisms was investigated in ADHD subjects.
  
  
  
  Genomic DNA of probands, their parents, and ethnically matched controls was subjected to analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphisms and variable number of tandem repeats (VNTRs).
  
  
  
  Case-control analysis revealed significant higher occurrence of DAT1 intron 8 VNTR "5R" allele ( p = .028), DBH rs1108580 "A" allele ( p = .027), and MAOA-u VNTR-rs6323 3R-T haplotype ( p = .007) in male probands. Family-based analysis showed significant preferential transmission of Dopamine receptor D4 exon 3 VNTR-rs1800955 7R-T haplotype from parents to male probands ( p = .008). Interaction between DBH gene variants and low enzymatic activity was also noticed, especially in male probands.
  
  
  
  Data obtained may partly answer the male biasness of ADHD.
authors.affiliation: 1 Manovikas Biomedical Research and Diagnostic Centre, Kolkata, India.|2 Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, India.
authors.forename: Aneek
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Das Bhowmik
authors.affiliation: 1 Manovikas Biomedical Research and Diagnostic Centre, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: Kanyakumarika
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sarkar
authors.affiliation: 1 Manovikas Biomedical Research and Diagnostic Centre, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: Paramita
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ghosh
authors.affiliation: 1 Manovikas Biomedical Research and Diagnostic Centre, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: Manali
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Das
authors.affiliation: 1 Manovikas Biomedical Research and Diagnostic Centre, Kolkata, India.|3 Chembiotek, TCG Life Sciences, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: Nipa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bhaduri
authors.affiliation: 1 Manovikas Biomedical Research and Diagnostic Centre, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: Keka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sarkar
authors.affiliation: 4 Department of Psychiatry, Sammilani Medical College, Bankura, India.
authors.forename: Anirban
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ray
authors.affiliation: 1 Manovikas Biomedical Research and Diagnostic Centre, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: Swagata
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sinha
authors.affiliation: 1 Manovikas Biomedical Research and Diagnostic Centre, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: Kanchan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mukhopadhyay
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D005091:Exons; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006239:Haplotypes / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018598:Minisatellite Repeats; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D050638:Receptors, Dopamine D4 / Q000235:genetics*; D017678:Sex Distribution; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C493599:DRD4 protein, human; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D050638:Receptors, Dopamine D4
keywords: ADHD; family risk factors; male biasness