title: Occurrence of red complex microorganisms and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in patients with diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to analyze the occurrence of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), Tannerella forsythia (T. forsythia), Treponema denticola (T. denticola), and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans) in patients with diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Periodontal and diabetic parameters and subgingival biofilm samples were obtained from 60 patients with diabetes and 62 patients without diabetes. By using polymerase chain reaction, the prevalence of red complex microorganisms (P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, and T. denticola) and A. actinomycetemcomitans were determined. Descriptive and non-parametric statistical analyses between groups were performed (Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U-test, and Fisher's exact test).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with diabetes presented significantly higher periodontal attachment loss levels compared to patients without diabetes. Red complex microorganisms were detected in lower frequencies in patients with diabetes. The detection of A. actinomycetemcomitans was higher in patients with diabetes and periodontitis compared to systemically-healthy patients without periodontitis (P < 0.05). P. gingivalis was associated with periodontitis in non-diabetic patients (P < 0.05), whereas A. actinomycetemcomitans was associated with periodontitis in diabetic patients (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings of the present study indicate that there might be differences in the subgingival microbiota between diabetic and non-diabetic patients. In addition, P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans were associated with periodontitis in patients without diabetes and patients with diabetes, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia.
authors.forename: Cesar A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Castrillon
authors.forename: Juan P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Hincapie
authors.forename: Fanny L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Yepes
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Roldan
authors.forename: Sandra M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.forename: Adolfo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Contreras
authors.forename: Javier E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Botero
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016976:Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D058491:Bacterial Load; D001439:Bacteroides / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D018441:Biofilms; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000382:microbiology; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000382:microbiology*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000382:microbiology; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000382:microbiology; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology*; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D048373:Treponema denticola / Q000302:isolation & purification*
keywords: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Porphyromonas gingivalis; diabetes; gingivitis; periodontitis