title: Evolution of cardiorespiratory interactions with age.
abstract: We describe an analysis of cardiac and respiratory time series recorded from 189 subjects of both genders aged 16-90. By application of the synchrosqueezed wavelet transform, we extract the respiratory and cardiac frequencies and phases with better time resolution than is possible with the marked events procedure. By treating the heart and respiration as coupled oscillators, we then apply a method based on Bayesian inference to find the underlying coupling parameters and their time dependence, deriving from them measures such as synchronization, coupling directionality and the relative contributions of different mechanisms. We report a detailed analysis of the reconstructed cardiorespiratory coupling function, its time evolution and age dependence. We show that the direct and indirect respiratory modulations of the heart rate both decrease with age, and that the cardiorespiratory coupling becomes less stable and more time-variable.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, UK.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Iatsenko
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bernjak
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stankovski
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shiogai
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Owen-Lynch
authors.forename: P B M
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Clarkson
authors.forename: P V E
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: McClintock
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stefanovska
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D001683:Biological Clocks / Q000502:physiology*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D056152:Respiratory Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: ageing; cardiorespiratory interactions; coupled oscillators; coupling function; phase coherence; synchronization