title: Hip fracture surgery: does time of the day matter? A case-controlled study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A prevailing perception regarding night time surgery is that the probability of complications may be higher due to decreased availability of support staff, surgeon fatigue and other logistical factors. However there is little data supporting this notion in hip fracture surgery and we studied this in the context of Inter-trochanteric fractures fixed with dynamic hip screws (DHS).
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients who underwent DHS fixation for inter-trochanteric fracture from January 2005 to December 2010 were included. Patients were divided into two groups. An after-hours group was defined as an operation done between 5:00 P.M. to 7:00 A.M. and a daytime group was defined as surgery done between 7:00 A.M. to 5:00 P.M. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 19.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During this period 194 patients underwent DHS fixation. One hundred and fourteen patients were included in the daytime group and 80 patients in the after-hours group. There was no difference in the rates of wound infection, length of hospital stay, postoperative ambulation status, intra op blood loss, type of anesthesia, and mortality between the two groups. Tip apex index was found to be similar between the two groups. Two patients in the daytime surgery required revision surgery compared to 5 patients in the after-hours group, however this difference was not statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Outcomes in terms of adequacy of fixation, post-operative complications and post-operative 30-day mortality are comparable to routine day time surgery while offering the benefits of early fixation and mobilization to the patient. This also has a positive impact on the financial burden on this population as early fixation translates into decreased length of stay and reduced cost of treatment.
authors.affiliation: Section of Orthopedics, Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. Electronic address: rizwan.haroonrashid@aku.edu.
authors.forename: Rizwan Haroon
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Rashid
authors.forename: Akbar Jaleel
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Zubairi
authors.forename: M Umer
authors.initials: MU
authors.lastname: Slote
authors.forename: Shahryar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Noordin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006620:Hip Fractures / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D061646:Operative Time; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Hip fracture; Hip fracture surgery; Time of surgery