title: MicroRNA modulation of lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in cardiometabolic diseases.
abstract: The regulation of the metabolism of cholesterol has been one of the most studied biological processes since its first isolation from gallstones in 1784. High levels of plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and reduced levels of plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol are widely recognized as major risk factors of cardiovascular disease. An imbalance in the production of reactive oxygen species can oxidize LDL particles, increasing the levels of the highly proatherogenic oxidized LDL. Furthermore, under pathological scenarios, numerous molecules can function as pro-oxidants, such as iron or (high levels of) glucose. In addition to the classical mechanisms regulating lipid homeostasis, recent studies have demonstrated the important role of microRNAs (miRNAs) as regulators of lipoprotein metabolism, oxidative derivatives of lipoprotein, and redox balance. Here, we summarize recent findings in the field, highlighting the contributions of some miRNAs to lipid- and oxidative-associated pathologies. We also discuss how therapeutic intervention of miRNAs may be a promising strategy to decrease LDL, increase HDL, and ameliorate lipid- and oxidative-related disorders, including atherosclerosis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and metabolic syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology and Marc and Ruti Bell Vascular Biology and Disease Program, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
authors.forename: Juan F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Aranda
authors.forename: Julio
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Madrigal-Matute
authors.forename: Noemi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rotllan
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fernández-Hernando
mesh_terms: D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000235:genetics*; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D035683:MicroRNAs; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species
keywords: Atherosclerosis; Free radicals; Lipid metabolism; MiRNAs