title: In vitro tools for evaluating novel dosage forms of poorly soluble, weakly basic drugs: case example ketoconazole.
abstract: The aim of the present series of experiments was to compare various in vitro tools including evaluation of formulations influence on solubility, various dissolution tests, and an updated, miniaturized transfer model to forecast the behavior of novel formulations of the poorly soluble, weakly basic model compound ketoconazole (KETO) after oral administration. A binary complex with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) and a ternary formulation with HP-β-CD and Soluplus® were evaluated and their solubility, dissolution, and transfer behavior was compared with that of the pure drug. Binary and ternary formulations could significantly improve (p < 0.05) KETO solubility in all test media. Dissolution in media simulating the fasted stomach and the fed small intestine was almost complete for the pure drug and both complex formulations. By contrast, in pH 6.5 FaSSIF, dissolution of the pure drug was less than 10%. Both formulations resulted in significantly higher KETO release (p < 0.05) in this test medium (32%/95% release from the binary/ternary formulation). In the transfer experiments, the ternary complex showed the best performance with respect to stabilizing a supersaturated solution and inhibiting precipitation of KETO. Overall, the miniaturized transfer model appeared to be the best single tool for rank-ordering formulations.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, 60438, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Taupitz
authors.forename: Jennifer B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Dressman
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Klein
mesh_terms: D000073738:2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin; D000284:Administration, Oral; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D004304:Dosage Forms; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000378:metabolism; D007654:Ketoconazole / Q000737:chemistry*; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D012995:Solubility; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004304:Dosage Forms; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins; D000073738:2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin; D007654:Ketoconazole
keywords: Soluplus®; bioavailability; cyclodextrin derivatives; dissolution; in vitro models; precipitation inhibition; solubility; ternary complexes