title: Inflammatory cytokines in human pancreatic cancer.
abstract: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the most lethal types of cancer with poor prognosis. Despite extensive efforts, the current treatment methods have limited success. Therefore, novel therapeutic approaches are required. The pancreatic tumor microenvironment is rich in growth factors and inflammatory cytokines that support tumor growth, and it is highly immunosuppressive. Up-regulation of cytokine pathways has been shown to modulate PDAC progression and immune evasion; therefore targeting cytokines may have therapeutic benefits. In this review we provide an overview of current understanding of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in pancreatic cancer and their potential as therapeutic targets.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Cancer and Inflammation, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK. Electronic address: r.roshani@qmul.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Rozita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Roshani
authors.affiliation: Centre for Cancer and Inflammation, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK. Electronic address: f.mccarthy@qmul.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Fiona
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: McCarthy
authors.affiliation: Centre for Cancer and Inflammation, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK. Electronic address: t.hagemann@qmul.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Thorsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hagemann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D021441:Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D019139:Tumor Escape; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators
keywords: Cytokine; Immune evasion; Inflammation; Pancreatic cancer