title: Feeding style differences in food parenting practices associated with fruit and vegetable intake in children from low-income families.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the moderating effects of feeding styles on the relationship between food parenting practices and fruit and vegetable (F & V) intake in low-income families with preschool-aged children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Focus group meetings with Head Start parents were conducted by using the nominal group technique. Parents completed information on food parenting practices and feeding styles. Three dietary recalls were collected on each child.
  
  
  METHODS
  Parents completed measures in Head Start centers and/or over the telephone.
  
  
  METHODS
  667 parents of preschool-aged children participated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Food parenting practices and F & V intake.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mean differences in the food parenting practices across the 4 feeding styles were established through multivariate general linear modeling using MANOVA. Moderated multiple regression analysis was conducted to examine the moderating role of feeding style on food parenting practices and child F & V intake.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The indulgent feeding style moderated the relationship between food parenting practices and child F & V intake.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study indicates that parents' feeding styles have a moderating effect on the relationship between the food parenting practices and children's F & V intake. This finding can facilitate the development of interventions aimed at reducing childhood overweight.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.
authors.forename: Maria A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Papaioannou
authors.forename: Matthew B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Cross
authors.forename: Thomas G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Power
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Haiyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.forename: Richard M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Shewchuk
authors.forename: Sheryl O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Hughes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005518:Food Preferences; D005638:Fruit; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016487:Parenting; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014675:Vegetables
keywords: child, fruit and vegetable intake; feeding styles; focus group; food parenting practices