title: The optimal use of cardiac imaging in the quantification of carcinoid heart disease.
abstract: Carcinoid heart disease is a rare cause of right-sided valvular dysfunction, primarily mediated by serotonin. It is an important complication in patients with carcinoid syndrome and occurs in 20-50% of such patients. Echocardiography is the main technique used for the assessment of carcinoid heart disease, but other imaging modalities are also important, particularly in the quantification of the severity of the disease. We sought to review the role of cardiac imaging in the assessment of carcinoid heart disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences Centre, University Hospital Aintree, Liverpool, UK. rebecca.dobson@liverpool.ac.uk
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dobson
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Cuthbertson
authors.forename: Malcolm I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Burgess
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002275:Carcinoid Heart Disease / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D006801:Humans; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology
keywords: carcinoid heart disease; imaging; valvular disease