title: The redox biochemistry of protein sulfenylation and sulfinylation.
abstract: Controlled generation of reactive oxygen species orchestrates numerous physiological signaling events (Finkel, T. (2011) Signal transduction by reactive oxygen species. J. Cell Biol. 194, 7-15). A major cellular target of reactive oxygen species is the thiol side chain (RSH) of Cys, which may assume a wide range of oxidation states (i.e. -2 to +4). Within this context, Cys sulfenic (Cys-SOH) and sulfinic (Cys-SO2H) acids have emerged as important mechanisms for regulation of protein function. Although this area has been under investigation for over a decade, the scope and biological role of sulfenic/sulfinic acid modifications have been recently expanded with the introduction of new tools for monitoring cysteine oxidation in vitro and directly in cells. This minireview discusses selected recent examples of protein sulfenylation and sulfinylation from the literature, highlighting the role of these post-translational modifications in cell signaling.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458.
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lo Conte
authors.forename: Kate S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Carroll
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003545:Cysteine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000737:chemistry; D007477:Ions; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000737:chemistry; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013434:Sulfenic Acids / Q000737:chemistry*; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D007477:Ions; D011506:Proteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013434:Sulfenic Acids; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; C100870:cysteinesulfenic acid; D003545:Cysteine; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Cysteine Oxidation; Hydrogen Peroxide; Post-translational Modification; Redox Regulation; Redox Signaling; Thiol