title: Effect of long-term human exposure to environmental heavy metals on the expression of detoxification and DNA repair genes.
abstract: The present study was designed to evaluate the influence of long-term environmental human exposure to three heavy metals, lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg), on the expression of detoxifying, xenobiotic metabolizing, and DNA repair genes in Mahd Ad-Dahab city. The study groups consisted of 40 healthy male residents (heavy metal-exposed) and 20 healthy male from Riyadh city, 700 km away, and served as control group. The heavy metal-exposed group with high exposure to Pb, Cd, or Hg was divided into three subgroups Pb-, Cd-, and Hg-exposed groups, respectively. The mRNA expression levels of detoxifying, NQO1, HO-1, GSTA1, MT-1, and HSP70, were significantly decreased in all heavy metal-exposed group as compared to control group. This was accompanied with a proportional decrease in the expression of xenobiotic metabolizing gene, cytochrome P4501A1. On the other hand, the DNA repair gene OGG1 and the 8-OHdG level were dramatically inhibited in Cd-exposed group only.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Saleh A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Al Bakheet
authors.forename: Ibraheem M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Attafi
authors.forename: Zaid H
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Maayah
authors.forename: Adel R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Abd-Allah
authors.forename: Yousif A
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Asiri
authors.forename: Hesham M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Korashy
mesh_terms: D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D000328:Adult; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D045647:DNA Glycosylases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000187:drug effects; D003849:Deoxyguanosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D024581:Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (Phosphorylating) / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D050884:HSP72 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008658:Inactivation, Metabolic / Q000235:genetics*; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008668:Metallothionein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D016660:NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone) / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D050884:HSP72 Heat-Shock Proteins; D007527:Isoenzymes; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D008668:Metallothionein; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1; D024581:Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (Phosphorylating); D016660:NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone); C447479:NQO1 protein, human; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; C119995:glutathione S-transferase alpha; D045647:DNA Glycosylases; C479058:oxoguanine glycosylase 1, human; D003849:Deoxyguanosine
keywords: Cadmium; DNA adduct; Lead; Mercury; Mining activity