title: Survival in systemic lupus erythematosus, 1995-2010. A prospective study in a Danish community.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this paper is to investigate survival and causes of death in a Danish lupus population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and fifteen SLE patients (94% Caucasians) were followed prospectively for up to 16 years. Thirty-eight patients died. Survival rate and causes of death were analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was 2.2. Peak values were recorded for patients aged 20-29 (SMR 21.1). Cumulated survival rates at one, five, 10 and 15 years were 98.6%, 93.6%, 86.5% and 73.0%, respectively. The most common causes of death were cardiovascular events (32%), respiratory system disease (16%) and malignancies (13%). Deaths due to infections and active SLE were rare and predominated within the first seven years after diagnosis and before age 40, while cardiovascular deaths prevailed after 20 years' follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that despite progress in lupus management, including direct access to specialized hospital care and increased use of hydroxychloroquine, mortality in lupus patients is still increased. Main causes of death were active disease and infections among the young and newly diagnosed, while cardiovascular deaths prevailed in longstanding disease.
authors.affiliation: 1Odense University Hospital, Denmark.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Voss
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Laustrup
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hjelmborg
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Junker
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003718:Denmark; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000401:mortality*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: Systemic lupus erythematosus; antiphospholipid syndrome; cardiovascular disease; renal lupus