title: Blood glucose levels, insulin concentrations, and insulin resistance in healthy women and women with premenstrual syndrome: a comparative study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the blood glucose levels, insulin concentrations, and insulin resistance during the two phases of the menstrual cycle between healthy women and patients with premenstrual syndrome (PMS).
  
  
  METHODS
  From January of 2011 to the August of 2012, a descriptive cross-sectional study was performed among students in the School of Medicine of Jahrom University of Medical Sciences. We included 30 students with the most severe symptoms of PMS and 30 age frequency-matched healthy controls. We analyzed the serum concentrations of glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance by using the glucose oxidase method, radioimmunometric assay, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance equation, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant differences between the demographic data of the control and PMS groups were observed. The mean concentrations of glucose of the two study groups were significantly different during the follicular and luteal phases (p=0.011 vs. p<0.0001, respectively). The amounts of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance of the two study groups were significantly different in the luteal phase (p=0.0005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The level of blood glucose and insulin resistance was lower during the two phases of the menstrual cycle of the PMS group than that of the controls.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran.
authors.forename: Safar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zarei
authors.forename: Leili
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mosalanejad
authors.forename: Mohamed Amin
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ghobadifar
keywords: Glucose; Insulin; Insulin resistance; Menstrual cycle; Premenstrual syndrome