title: Adipocytokines in relation to cardiovascular disease.
abstract: Adipose tissue can be considered as a huge gland producing paracrine and endocrine hormones, the adipo(cyto)kines. There is growing evidence that these adipo(cyto)kines may link obesity to cardiovascular diseases. The excessive adipocyte hypertrophy in obesity induces hypoxia in adipose tissue. This leads to adiposopathy, the process that converts "healthy" adipose tissue to "sick" adipose tissue. This is accompanied by a change in profile of adipo(cyto)kines released, with less production of the "healthy" adipo(cyto)kines such as adiponectin and omentin and more release of the "unhealthy" adipo(cyto)kines, ultimately leading to the development of cardiovascular diseases. The present review provides a concise and general overview of the actual concepts of the role of adipo(cyto)kines in endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, atherosclerosis and heart diseases. The knowledge of these concepts may lead to new tools to improve health in the next generations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Vascular Research Unit, Ghent University, Belgium. Electronic address: Johan.vandevoorde@ugent.be.
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Van de Voorde
authors.forename: Bart
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pauwels
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Boydens
authors.forename: Kelly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Decaluwé
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D054392:Adipokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D052242:Adiponectin / Q000378:metabolism; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D000818:Animals; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015687:Cell Hypoxia; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000503:physiopathology*; D045462:Endothelium-Dependent Relaxing Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D020738:Leptin / Q000378:metabolism; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System; D052243:Resistin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D052242:Adiponectin; D045462:Endothelium-Dependent Relaxing Factors; D020738:Leptin; D052243:Resistin
keywords: A-FABP; Adipokines; Adiposopathy; BMI; COX-2; Cardiovascular diseases; HIF-1α; IL-6; LDL; Obesity; PAI-1; PVADRF; ROS; TNFα; VCAM-1; adipocyte fatty acid binding protein; body mass index; cyclooxygenase-2; eNOS; endothelial NO-synthase; hypoxia inducible factor-1 alfa; interleukin 6; low density lipoprotein; perivascular adipose tissue derived relaxing factor; plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; reactive oxygen species; tumor necrosis factor alfa; vascular cell adhesion molecule 1