title: Nursing informatics: decades of contribution to health informatics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this paper we present a contemporary understanding of "nursing informatics" and relate it to applications in three specific contexts, hospitals, community health, and home dwelling, to illustrate achievements that contribute to the overall schema of health informatics.
  
  
  METHODS
  We identified literature through database searches in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library. Database searching was complemented by one author search and hand searches in six relevant journals. The literature review helped in conceptual clarification and elaborate on use that are supported by applications in different settings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Conceptual clarification of nursing data, information and knowledge has been expanded to include wisdom. Information systems and support for nursing practice benefits from conceptual clarification of nursing data, information, knowledge, and wisdom. We introduce three examples of information systems and point out core issues for information integration and practice development.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exploring interplays of data, information, knowledge, and wisdom, nursing informatics takes a practice turn, accommodating to processes of application design and deployment for purposeful use by nurses in different settings. Collaborative efforts will be key to further achievements that support task shifting, mobility, and ubiquitous health care.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moen
authors.forename: Lina Merete
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Mæland Knudsen
keywords: Health Information Systems; Knowledge; Nursing Informatics; Personal Health Records; eHealth