title: Radiation and immunotherapy: a synergistic combination.
abstract: Immunotherapy can be an effective treatment for metastatic cancer, but a significant subpopulation will not respond, likely due to the lack of antigenic mutations or the immune-evasive properties of cancer. Likewise, radiation therapy (RT) is an established cancer treatment, but local failures still occur. Clinical observations suggest that RT may expand the therapeutic reach of immunotherapy. We examine the immunobiologic and clinical rationale for combining RT and immunotherapy, two modalities yet to be used in combination in routine practice. Preclinical data indicate that RT can potentiate the systemic efficacy of immunotherapy, while activation of the innate and adaptive immune system can enhance the local efficacy of RT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. Anusha.Kalbasi@uphs.upenn.edu
authors.forename: Anusha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kalbasi
authors.forename: Carl H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: June
authors.forename: Naomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Haas
authors.forename: Neha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vapiwala
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity / Q000528:radiation effects; D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000528:radiation effects; D007167:Immunotherapy; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D019139:Tumor Escape / Q000528:radiation effects
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D019496:Cancer Vaccines