title: Emerging respiratory and novel coronavirus 2012 infections and mass gatherings.
abstract: Mass gatherings are attended by an increasingly global audience and thus raise the concern of possible acute public health risks not normally encountered by the host population. The potential acute risks to individual and population health include communicable diseases. The communicable disease risks include emerging and re-emerging diseases in host and visiting populations. In this review, we provide an overview ofthe literature on respiratory infections at mass gatherings, then describe the impact of novel coronavirus 2012 (nCoV), an emerging respiratory disease virus, on the preparations for mass gathering. Although, nCoV emerged prior to the 2012 Hajj pilgrimage season, Muslims completed their religious duty without acquiring infections by nCoV. Clearly, the global nature of mass gatherings and their potential risks to international health make it imperative that research on such events and guidelines produced for their management are relevant to diverse contexts and are a collaborative effort between global experts.
authors.affiliation: Saudi Aramco Medical Services Organization, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Al-Tawfiq
authors.forename: C A H
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Smallwood
authors.forename: K G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Arbuthnott
authors.forename: M S K
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Malik
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barbeschi
authors.forename: Z A
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Memish
mesh_terms: D003141:Communicable Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission*; D021821:Communicable Diseases, Emerging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission; D018352:Coronavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission*; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D006801:Humans; D038622:Internationality; D008877:Middle East / Q000453:epidemiology; D011634:Public Health / Q000379:methods; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission*; D045169:Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission