title: A generic template for automated bioanalytical ligand-binding assays using modular robotic scripts in support of discovery biotherapeutic programs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sample dilution and reagent pipetting are time-consuming steps in ligand-binding assays (LBAs). Traditional automation-assisted LBAs use assay-specific scripts that require labor-intensive script writing and user training.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five major script modules were developed on Tecan Freedom EVO liquid handling software to facilitate the automated sample preparation and LBA procedure: sample dilution, sample minimum required dilution, standard/QC minimum required dilution, standard/QC/sample addition, and reagent addition. The modular design of automation scripts allowed the users to assemble an automated assay with minimal script modification. The application of the template was demonstrated in three LBAs to support discovery biotherapeutic programs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results demonstrated that the modular scripts provided the flexibility in adapting to various LBA formats and the significant time saving in script writing and scientist training. Data generated by the automated process were comparable to those by manual process while the bioanalytical productivity was significantly improved using the modular robotic scripts.
authors.affiliation: Bioanalytical Sciences - Biologics, Analytical & Bioanalytical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Duo
authors.forename: Huijin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Binodh
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: DeSilva
authors.forename: Yan J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001331:Automation; D001688:Biological Products; D008024:Ligands; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D011786:Quality Control; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012371:Robotics
chemical_list: D001688:Biological Products; D008024:Ligands