title: [Is the concept of psychological dependence still valid today?].
abstract: Historically, psychological dependence to alcohol has been dissociated from physical dependence. Progress in neurosciences and genetics now question this dichotomy as complex neurobiological mechanisms and genetic factors seem to underlie craving, which is typically considered as the clinical manifestation of psychological dependence.
authors.affiliation: Psychiatre, ISoSL-Department of Addictive disorders, Universite de Liege, Belgique. epinto@ulg.ac.be
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pinto
mesh_terms: D000427:Alcohol Deterrents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000523:psychology; D003213:Conditioning, Psychological; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000502:physiology; D012701:Serotonin / Q000378:metabolism; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000427:Alcohol Deterrents; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D012701:Serotonin; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; D004298:Dopamine