title: A real-time system for biomechanical analysis of human movement and muscle function.
abstract: Mechanical analysis of movement plays an important role in clinical management of neurological and orthopedic conditions. There has been increasing interest in performing movement analysis in real-time, to provide immediate feedback to both therapist and patient. However, such work to date has been limited to single-joint kinematics and kinetics. Here we present a software system, named human body model (HBM), to compute joint kinematics and kinetics for a full body model with 44 degrees of freedom, in real-time, and to estimate length changes and forces in 300 muscle elements. HBM was used to analyze lower extremity function during gait in 12 able-bodied subjects. Processing speed exceeded 120 samples per second on standard PC hardware. Joint angles and moments were consistent within the group, and consistent with other studies in the literature. Estimated muscle force patterns were consistent among subjects and agreed qualitatively with electromyography, to the extent that can be expected from a biomechanical model. The real-time analysis was integrated into the D-Flow system for development of custom real-time feedback applications and into the gait real-time analysis interactive lab system for gait analysis and gait retraining.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Cleveland State University, 1960 E. 24th Street, SH 232, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA. a.vandenbogert@csuohio.edu
authors.forename: Antonie J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: van den Bogert
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Geijtenbeek
authors.forename: Oshri
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Even-Zohar
authors.forename: Frans
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Steenbrink
authors.forename: Elizabeth C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Hardin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena / Q000502:physiology*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003199:Computer Systems; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012984:Software; D014584:User-Computer Interface