title: Advanced oxidation for the treatment of chlorpyrifos in aqueous solution.
abstract: Chlorpyrifos is an organophosphate pesticide and is significant because of its extensive use, persistence in the environment, wide distribution, and its toxicity may lead to lung and central nervous system damage, developmental and autoimmune disorders and vomiting. In the present study, the irradiation of chlorpyrifos in aqueous solution by (60)Co γ-rays was conducted on a laboratory scale and the removal efficiency of chlorpyrifos was investigated. The SPME-GC-ECD method was used for analysis of chlorpyrifos. Aqueous solutions of different concentrations of target compound (200-1000 μg L(-1)) were irradiated through 30-575 Gy. Gamma irradiation showed 100% degradation for a 500 μg L(-1) solution at an absorbed dose of 575 Gy (the dose rate was 300 Gy h(-1)). The radiolysis of chlorpyrifos was pseudo-first order (decay) with respect to dose. The dose constants determined in this study ranged from 8.2×10(-3) to 2.6×10(-2) Gy(-1), and decreased with an increase in the initial concentration of chlorpyrifos, while the radiation chemical yield (G-value) for the loss of chlorpyrifos was found to decrease with increasing absorbed dose. The effect of saturated solutions of N2 and N2O, and radical scavengers tert-butanol, iso-propanol, H2O2, NaNO3 and NaNO2 on the degradation of chlorpyrifos were also studied. The results showed that the oxidative OH was the most important in the degradation of chlorpyrifos, while the reductive radicals, aqueous electron and H, were of less importance for the degradation of chlorpyrifos. The inorganic by-products Cl(-), SO4(2-) and PO4(3-) were quantitatively determined by IC.
authors.affiliation: National Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, CA 92697-2175, United States.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ismail
authors.forename: Hasan M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Murtaza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sayed
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Cooper
mesh_terms: D004390:Chlorpyrifos / Q000737:chemistry*; D005720:Gamma Rays; D007306:Insecticides / Q000737:chemistry*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D004390:Chlorpyrifos
keywords: Advanced oxidation processes; Chlorpyrifos; Gamma irradiation; Hydroxyl radical