title: Baseline toxicity of metaflumizone and lack of cross resistance between indoxacarb and metaflumizone in diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae).
abstract: Diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) is a serious insect pest of vegetables worldwide, and has evolved resistance to various kinds of insecticides. Studies were conducted to determine the baseline toxicity of metaflumizone and the possibility of cross-resistance between metaflumizone and indoxacarb, two sodium channel blocking insecticides (SCBIs), in field populations of P. xylostella from China. The variation in susceptibility to metaflumizone among 29 field populations of P. xylostella collected from 14 geographical locations in China was less than five-fold, with 50% lethal concentrations (LC50(s)) varying from 1.34 to 6.55 mg/liter. Limited variations in LC50(s) (less than five-fold, ranging from 1.76 to 8.16 mg/liter) were also observed in the four laboratory-selected strains with high levels of resistance to abamectin, spinosad, fipronil, or Bt toxin Cry1Ac. The toxicity of metaflumizone and indoxacarb was compared among 23 out of the 29 field populations. When compared with the susceptible Roth strain, the JN-09B population showed the highest level of resistance to indoxacarb (110-fold), but two-fold tolerance to metaflumizone. The other 22 populations (with 5- to 58-fold of resistance to indoxacarb) had 1- to three-fold tolerance to metaflumizone. Metaflumizone could provide an effective alternative insecticide for diamondback moth management. Although the field populations of P. xylostella tested with various levels of resistance to indoxacarb did not have cross-resistance to metaflumizone, metaflumizone should be rotated with other chemicals of different modes of action instead of indoxacarb.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
authors.forename: Shem K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Khakame
authors.forename: Xingliang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yidong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001681:Biological Assay; D002681:China; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D007305:Insecticide Resistance / Q000187:drug effects*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D009036:Moths / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D010078:Oxazines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012641:Selection, Genetic; D012664:Semicarbazones / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D010078:Oxazines; D012664:Semicarbazones; C401104:indoxacarb; C528570:metaflumizone