title: In-situ formation and assembly of gold nanoparticles by gum arabic as efficient photothermal agent for killing cancer cells.
abstract: Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been established to sufficiently eradicate tumors by means of heat production for photothermal therapy. However, the translation of the AuNPs from bench to the clinic still remains to be solved until realizing high bioclearance after treatment. Herein, we developed a simple strategy for simultaneous formation and assembly of small-size gold nanoparticles (Au-SNPs) to form a novel nanocomposite in the presence of gum arabic (GA) by synchrotron X-ray irradiation in an aqueous solution within 5 min. GA, a porous polysaccharide, can not only provide a confined space in which to produce uniform Au-SNPs (1.6 ± 0.7 nm in diameter), but can also facilitate the formation of Au-SNPs@GA (diameter ≈ 40 nm) after irradiating synchrotron X-rays. Specifically, the Au-SNPs@GA possesses high thermal stability and a strong photothermal effect for killing cancer cells. Importantly, a bioclearance study demonstrated that the Au-SNPs@GA can be gradually excreted by the renal and hepatobiliary system, which might be due to the breakdown and oxidation of GA under irradiating synchrotron X-rays. Thus, the novel gold nanocomposite can be promising photothermal agents for cancer treatment at the therapeutic level, minimizing toxicity concerns regarding long-term accumulation in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Center for Nanomedicine Research, Division of Medical Engineering Research, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, 35053, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ching-Ping
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Fong-Sian
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Chih-Te
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Chien
authors.forename: Sheng-Yang
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.forename: Chih-Wei
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Chien-Hung
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jen-Kun
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Fan-Gang
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.forename: Yeukuang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hwu
authors.forename: Leu-Wei
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.forename: Chung-Shi
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Shu-Yi
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D006046:Gold / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D006170:Gum Arabic / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D010789:Phototherapy; D014965:X-Rays
chemical_list: D006046:Gold; D006170:Gum Arabic
keywords: assembly; excretion; gold nanoparticles; gum Arabic; photothermal effect