title: Effect of naproxen and acetaminophen on blood pressure lowering by ramipril, valsartan and aliskiren in hypertensive patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are frequently used for reducing pain and other symptoms in osteoarthritis (OA). NSAIDs have been associated with an increase in blood pressure (BP) in both normotensive and hypertensive individuals and a blunting effect on various anti-hypertensive medications. Acetaminophen effects on anti-hypertensive treatment, instead, are still a matter of debate.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effect of naproxen versus acetaminophen on ramipril, valsartan and aliskiren therapy in hypertensive patients with OA in a double-blind, cross-over study, by measuring clinic, ambulatory BP and heart rate (HR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred seventy four patients were randomly treated with ramipril, valsartan or aliskiren for 8 weeks and 135 patients with normalized BP were randomized to receive naproxen or acetaminophen for 2 weeks. Naproxen significantly increased clinic and ambulatory systolic/diastolic BP (SBP/DBP) values in patients treated with ramipril (p < 0.01) or valsartan (p < 0.05), but did not affect aliskiren effects. Also acetaminophen slightly but significantly affected clinic and ambulatory SBP/DBP in all three groups and, surprisingly, it also produced a slight increase in HR (+3.1, +3.3 and +3.4 b/min day-time HR values, for ramipril, valsartan and aliskiren, respectively; p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both naproxen and acetaminophen can affect anti-hypertensive therapy with ramipril, valsartan or aliskiren with a different extent. When acetaminophen is chosen for OA management in subjects with hypertension, patients should be evaluated as carefully as when traditional NSAIDs are given.
authors.affiliation: University of Milan, Division of Rheumatology, Istituto G. Pini, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health , P.za Cardinal Ferrari 1, 20122 Milan , Italy +3958296272 ; +3958296315 ; roberta.gualtierotti@unimi.it.
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gualtierotti
authors.forename: Annalisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zoppi
authors.forename: Amedeo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mugellini
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Derosa
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: D'Angelo
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fogari
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000577:Amides / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005260:Female; D005650:Fumarates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009288:Naproxen / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D017257:Ramipril / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013777:Tetrazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014633:Valine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D000068756:Valsartan
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D005650:Fumarates; D013777:Tetrazoles; D000082:Acetaminophen; C446481:aliskiren; D009288:Naproxen; D000068756:Valsartan; D014633:Valine; D017257:Ramipril