title: Sphingomicrobium marinum sp. nov. and Sphingomicrobium flavum sp. nov., isolated from surface seawater, and emended description of the genus Sphingomicrobium.
abstract: Two Gram-staining-negative, yellow-pigmented, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, non-flagellated and non-spore-forming amylolytic marine bacterial strains, designated CC-AMZ-30M(T) and CC-AMZ-30N(T), were isolated from coastal surface seawater in Taiwan. Strain CC-AMZ-30M(T) shared pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 95.8, 95.0 and <94.0 % to Sphingomicrobium lutaoense CC-TBT-3(T), Sphingomicrobium astaxanthinifaciens CC-AMO-30B(T) and other sphingomonads, respectively. Strain CC-AMZ-30N(T) shared 97.0, 96.7, 95.0 and <95.1 % similarities to strain CC-AMZ-30M(T), Sphingomicrobium lutaoense CC-TBT-3(T), Sphingomicrobium astaxanthinifaciens CC-AMO-30B(T) and other sphingomonads, respectively. The common polar lipids of the two strains include a signature glycolipid (GL2), diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and sphingoglycolipid in major amounts besides moderate-to-trace amounts of an unidentified aminolipid and several unidentified glycolipids. Both strains contained C18 : 1ω7c/C18 : 1ω6c, C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c, C16 : 0 and C18 : 1 2-OH as major (>5 % of the total) fatty acids. Strains CC-AMZ-30M(T) and CC-AMZ-30N(T) had DNA G+C contents of 64.2 and 65.2 mol%, respectively. The major polyamine was spermidine in strain CC-AMZ-30M(T) and triamine sym-homospermidine in strain CC-AMZ-30N(T). Both strains contained ubiquinone Q-10 as the predominant respiratory quinone. Differential phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic evidence including the presence of characteristic GL2, C18 : 1 2-OH and several other phenotypic features supported the classification of strains CC-AMZ-30M(T) and CC-AMZ-30N(T) as two novel species of the genus Sphingomicrobium, for which we propose the names Sphingomicrobium marinum sp. nov. and Sphingomicrobium flavum sp. nov., respectively; corresponding type strains are Sphingomicrobium marinum CC-AMZ-30M(T) ( = JCM 18554(T) = BCRC 80466(T)) and Sphingomicrobium flavum CC-AMZ-30N(T) ( = JCM 18555(T) = BCRC 80467(T)). An emended description of the genus Sphingomicrobium is also proposed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil & Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Mariyam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shahina
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil & Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Asif
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hameed
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil & Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Shih-Yao
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil & Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Yi-Han
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil & Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: You-Cheng
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Bachelor program of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Yu-Ming
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil & Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Jou-Chun
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, ROC.|Department of Soil & Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Chiu-Chung
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Young
mesh_terms: D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D001482:Base Composition; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D006017:Glycolipids / Q000737:chemistry; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D011073:Polyamines / Q000737:chemistry; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D012623:Seawater / Q000382:microbiology*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D042301:Sphingomonadaceae / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013624:Taiwan; D014451:Ubiquinone / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D005227:Fatty Acids; D006017:Glycolipids; D011073:Polyamines; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D014451:Ubiquinone; C025204:Ubiquinone Q2