title: [Diagnostic value of cystatin C and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in primary glomerulopathies].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study an association between clinical and morphological evidence and the serum and daily urinary levels of cystatin C (CysC) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in patients with primary glomerulopathies.
  
  
  METHODS
  The investigation included 104 patients; morphological examination showed minimal change disease in 15 (14.4%) patients, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in 24 (23.1%), membrane nephropathy in 32 (30.8%), and IgA nephropathy (mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis) in 33 (31.7%). The investigators analyzed the clinical type of nephropathy, performed conventional laboratory and instrumental examinations, and determined the level of CysC (by immunoturbodimetry) and NGAL (by enzyme immunoassay) in the serum and daily urine taken before kidney biopsy. The degree of glomerulosclerosis, tubulointerstititial sclerosis, and tubular atrophy was semiquantitatively estimated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Urinary CysC and NGAL excretion correlated with the degree of glomerulosclerosis and proteinuria and the reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR) regardless of the method of its determination. The urinary level of NGAL positively correlated with the degree of tubular atrophy. The GFR value determined from serum CysC and creatinine levels more precisely reflected the degree of glomerulosclerosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The tubulointerstitial compartment in primary glomerulopathies should be determined not only by morphological changes, but also by tubular function parameters by estimating the urinary excretion of biomarkers. The urinary content of CysC reflects tubular epithelial dysfunction whereas that of NGAL also characterizes tubular atrophy. To estimate the degree of glomerulosclerosis, it is more preferable to use the GFR calculated from the blood concentrations of CysC and creatinine, by keeping in mind clinical findings (using Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration formula, 2012).
authors.forename: Ia Iu
authors.initials: IaIu
authors.lastname: Proletov
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Saganova
authors.forename: O V
authors.initials: OV
authors.lastname: Galkina
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Zubina
authors.forename: E O
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Bogdanova
authors.forename: V G
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Sipovskiĭ
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Smirnov
mesh_terms: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins / Q000652:urine; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D001706:Biopsy; D055316:Cystatin C / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D005921:Glomerulonephritis / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D000071068:Lipocalin-2; D054834:Lipocalins / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D015415:Biomarkers; D055316:Cystatin C; C489506:LCN2 protein, human; D000071068:Lipocalin-2; D054834:Lipocalins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins