title: Incidence of bla NDM-1 gene in Escherichia coli isolates at a tertiary care referral hospital in Northeast India.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Increasing reports on New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1) producing Escherichia coli constitute a serious threat to global health since it is found to be highly resistant to most of the currently available antibiotics including carbapenems. This study has been performed to find out the incidence blaNDM-1 in E. coli isolates recovered from the various clinical samples at a tertiary care referral hospital in Northeast India.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 270 non-duplicated E. coli isolates were recovered from the various clinical samples at a tertiary care referral hospital in Northeast India. All isolates with reduced susceptibility to meropenem or ertapenem (diameter of zones of inhibition, ≤ 21 mm) were further phenotypically confirmed for carbapenemase production by modified Hodge test. All screened isolates were also subjected to the polymerase chain reaction detection of blaNDM-1 gene and additional bla genes coding for transmission electron microscopy, SHV, CTX-M, and AmpC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of 270 E. coli isolates, 14 were screened for carbapenemase production on the basis of their reduced susceptibility to meropenem or ertapenem. All screened isolates were found to be positive for blaNDM-1 . Each of the blaNDM-1 possessing isolate was also positive for two or more additional bla genes, such as blaTEM , blaCTX-M and blaAmpC . Phylogenetic analysis showed very less variation in blaNDM-1 gene with respect to blaNDM-1 possessing E. coli isolates from other parts of India and abroad.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings highlight the incidence of blaNDM-1 in E. coli isolates with a reduced susceptibility to meropenem or ertapenem.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bora
authors.forename: G U
authors.initials: GU
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: N K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Hazarika
authors.forename: K N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Shukla
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Randhawa
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Sarma
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007194:India; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D062606:Tertiary Care Centers; D055815:Young Adult; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D047090:beta-Lactams / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D047090:beta-Lactams; D001618:beta-Lactamases; C552864:beta-lactamase NDM-1