title: Comparing participation in out of school activities between children with visual impairments, children with hearing impairments and typical peers.
abstract: Hearing or visual impairments may negatively affect child's development and participation. Yet the literature about participation of children with hearing or visual impairments is insufficient. The present study aimed to compare participation patterns of children with visual impairments to those of children with hearing impairments and to typical peers and to examine the correlations between participation and socio-demographic parameters in each group. Participants were 70 children between the ages of 6-11: 25 with hearing impairments, 20 with visual impairments and 25 typical peers. All children filled the Children's Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment (CAPE). This self-report refers to participation in daily out of school activities. Children with hearing or visual impairments showed significant limited participation compared to typical peers, expressed in lower number of activities, lower participation intensity; more activities performed at home and with someone else. The limited participation was more emphasized among children with visual impairments. Socio-demographic variables (age, mother's education and socio-economic level) correlated with participation dimensions in both study groups. In conclusion, children with hearing or visual impairments may have restricted participation in out of school activities. Socio-demographic parameters may play a role in encouraging child's participation. Participation among these populations should be further studied in order to assist service providers to create intervention programs together with the child, for enhancing his/her inclusion in the community.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Israel. Electronic address: batya@research.haifa.ac.il.
authors.forename: Batya
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Engel-Yeger
authors.forename: Shaima
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hamed-Daher
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development; D005260:Female; D034381:Hearing Loss / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D007899:Leisure Activities / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D010379:Peer Group; D012574:Schools; D012919:Social Behavior; D013334:Students; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: Children; Hearing; Leisure activities; Participation; Sensory loss; Visual