title: Microbial Translocation and B Cell Dysfunction in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disease.
abstract: The gut mucosal barrier disrupted in HIV disease, resulting in increased systemic exposure to microbial products such as Lipo Polys Accharide (LPS). The association of enhanced microbial translocation and B cell dysfunction in HIV disease is not fully understood. High dose and short term exposure of microbial Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) agonists were used as vaccine adjuvants, however, low dose and long term exposure of TLR agonists could be harmful. The characteristics of B cell dysfunction in HIV disease included B cell, especially memory B cell depletion, enhanced levels of autoimmune antibodies and impaired vaccine or antigen responsiveness. This review discusses and explores the possibility of the effect of microbial translocation on memory B cell depletion and impaired vaccine responses in HIV infection. By determining the mechanisms of B cell depletion and perturbations in HIV disease, it may be possible to design interventions that can improve immune responses to vaccines, reduce selected opportunistic infections and perhaps slow disease progression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunolog, Deaprtment of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashly Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jiang
keywords: B cell; HIV disease; Lipo Polys Accharide (LPS); Microbial translocation; Toll-Like Receptor (TLR); dysfunction; vaccine