title: Surfactant protein D, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein as biomarkers of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to estimate the serum levels of surfactant protein D (SP-D), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and to assess the correlation of these indices with COPD severity.
  
  
  METHODS
  This analytic cross-sectional study was carried out on 64 COPD male patients, and 26 apparently healthy age-matched males as a control. Chest X-ray, spirometry and arterial blood gases were done for only COPD patients. Serum levels of SP-D, sICAM-1 and hs-CRP were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in both patient and control groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The serum levels of SP-D, sICAM-1 and hs-CRP were significantly higher in COPD patients than controls (p < 0.001 for each). Also, these biomarkers were significantly higher in stages III and IV compared to either stage I or II (p < 0.01 for each). SP-D was significantly positively correlated with sICAM-1 and hs-CRP (r = 515, p < 0.001; r = 501, p < 0.001, respectively) and negatively correlated with PaO2 (r = -0.651, p < 0.001) and all parameters of spirometry.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SP-D, sICAM and hs-CRP were significantly higher in COPD patients in comparison with controls. Moreover, SP-D, sICAM-1, and hs-CRP were significantly negatively correlated with FEV1%. Accordingly, estimation of these biochemical indices may be used as biomarkers for assessment of COPD severity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
authors.forename: Sahar E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: El-Deek
authors.forename: Hoda A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Makhlouf
authors.forename: Tahia H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Saleem
authors.forename: Manal A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mandour
authors.forename: Nahed A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Mohamed
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000097:blood*; D037663:Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein D / Q000097:blood*; D012907:Smoking / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D013147:Spirometry
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D037663:Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein D; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D002097:C-Reactive Protein