title: Intra-abdominal pressure during swimming.
abstract: The present study aimed to determine the intra-abdominal pressure during front crawl swimming at different velocities in competitive swimmers and to clarify the relationships between stroke indices and changes in intra-abdominal pressure. The subjects were 7 highly trained competitive collegiate male swimmers. Intra-abdominal pressure was measured during front crawl swimming at 1.0, 1.2 and 1.4 m · s(-1) and during the Valsalva maneuver. Intra-abdominal pressure was taken as the difference between minimum and maximum values, and the mean of 6 stable front crawl stroke cycles was used. Stroke rate and stroke length were also measured as stroke indices. There were significant differences in stroke rate among all velocities (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in stroke length by velocity. Significant within-subject correlations between intra-abdominal pressure and stroke rate or stroke length (P < 0.01) were observed, although there were no significant correlations between intra-abdominal pressure and stroke indices when controlling for swimming velocity. These findings do not appear to support the effectiveness of trunk training performed by competitive swimmers aimed at increasing intra-abdominal pressure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Wellness Sciences, Japan -Women's College of -Physical Education, Setagaya-ku, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moriyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports and Life Science, National -Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, Japan.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ogita
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Science, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Kita-ku, Japan.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, -Prefectural University of Kumamoto, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kurobe
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Physical Education, National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, Japan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nagira
authors.affiliation: Department of Coaching of Sports and Budo, National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Science, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Kita-ku, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Science, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Kita-ku, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hirano
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000502:physiology*; D000293:Adolescent; D006801:Humans; D011312:Pressure; D012007:Rectum / Q000502:physiology; D013550:Swimming / Q000502:physiology*; D014636:Valsalva Maneuver; D055815:Young Adult