title: Antidiabetic activity of Kalanchoe pinnata in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by glucose independent insulin secretagogue action.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Kalanchoe pinnata Lam. (Crassulaceae) is used as a traditional medicine worldwide to treat several ailments, including diabetes. However, the mechanism for the antihyperglycemic action is unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study evaluates the antihyperglycemic and insulin secretagogue potential of Kalanchoe pinnata and assessment of the probable mechanism of action.
  
  
  METHODS
  Steam distillate of Kalanchoe pinnata leaves was subjected to solvent fractionation and antidiabetic activity was detected in dichloromethane (DCM) fraction. In the in vivo studies, rats were treated with 5 and 10 mg/kg body weight of DCM fraction for 45 days orally. Lipid profile and other biochemical parameters were estimated. The probable mechanism for insulin secretagogue action was evaluated through studies using diazoxide and nifedipine. The bioactive component from DCM fraction was studied using HPTLC, GCMS and IR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fasting blood glucose values were reduced to 116 mg/dl from 228 mg/dl on treatment with 10 mg/kg body weight of DCM fraction, while glycated hemoglobin improved to 8.4% compared with 12.9% in diabetic controls. The insulin level and lipid profile values were close to normal values. In vitro studies demonstrated a dose-dependent insulin secretagogue action. Insulin secretion was 3.29-fold higher at 10 µg/ml as compared to the positive control. The insulin secretagogue activity was glucose independent and K(+)-ATP channel dependent. The bioactive component of the DCM fraction was identified to be a phenyl alkyl ether derivative.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The DCM fraction of Kalanchoe pinnata demonstrates excellent insulin secretagogue action and can be useful in treatment of diabetes mellitus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Shivaji University , Kolhapur, Maharashtra , India.
authors.forename: Swapnil B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Patil
authors.forename: Vandana R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Dongare
authors.forename: Chaitanya R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Kulkarni
authors.forename: Madhav M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Joglekar
authors.forename: Akalpita U
authors.initials: AU
authors.lastname: Arvindekar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004987:Ethers / Q000494:pharmacology; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D054086:KATP Channels / Q000378:metabolism; D031962:Kalanchoe; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013311:Streptozocin; D013997:Time Factors; D046509:Tissue Culture Techniques
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D004987:Ethers; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D054086:KATP Channels; D008055:Lipids; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012997:Solvents; D013311:Streptozocin