title: Determinants for success rates of temporary anchorage devices in orthodontics: a meta-analysis (n > 50).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to review the literature and evaluate the failure rates and factors that affect the stability and success of temporary anchorage devices (TADs) used as orthodontic anchorage.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected from electronic databases: MEDLINE database, Scopus, and Web of Knowledge. Four combinations of term were used as keywords: screw orthodontic failure, screw orthodontic success, implant orthodontic failure, and implant orthodontic success. The following selection criteria were used to select appropriate articles: articles on implants and screws used as orthodontic anchorage, data only from human subjects, studies published in English, studies with more than 50 implants/screws, and both prospective and retrospective clinical studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The search provided 209 abstracts about TADs used as anchorage. After reading and applying the selection criteria, 26 articles were included in the study. The data obtained were divided into two topics: which factors affected TAD success and to what degree and in how many articles they were quoted. Clinical factors were divided into three main groups: patient-related, implant-related, and management-related factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although all articles included in this meta-analysis reported success rates of greater than 80 per cent, the factors determining success rates were inconsistent between the studies analysed and this made conclusions difficult.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Brescia,**Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, dalessandridomenico@libero.it.
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dalessandri
authors.affiliation: ***Department of Oral Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Brescia.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Salgarello
authors.affiliation: ****Department of Oral Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico Cà Granda, University of Milan, and.
authors.forename: Michela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dalessandri
authors.affiliation: *Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Brescia.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lazzaroni
authors.affiliation: *****Department of Orthodontic and Gnathology (Masticatory Function), Dental School, University of Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: Mariagrazia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Piancino
authors.affiliation: *Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Brescia.
authors.forename: Corrado
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Paganelli
authors.affiliation: ****Department of Oral Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico Cà Granda, University of Milan, and.
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maiorana
authors.affiliation: ****Department of Oral Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico Cà Granda, University of Milan, and.
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Santoro
mesh_terms: D001860:Bone Plates; D001863:Bone Screws; D015921:Dental Implants; D006801:Humans; D052280:Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation*; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D009970:Orthodontics / Q000295:instrumentation; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants