title: Non-canonical activity of retinoic acid in epigenetic control of embryonic stem cell.
abstract: Non-canonical cytoplasmic activities and signal transduction of retinoic acid (RA) expand RA's pleiotropic effects in coordinating the epigenome in embryonic stem cell (ESC). Examples include RA-bound cellular retinoic acid binding protein I, which activates ERK2. By engaging both cytosolic and nuclear mediators, RA can efficiently augment ESC's epigenome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology University of Minnesota Medical School; Minneapolis, MN USA.
authors.forename: Li-Na
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Wei
mesh_terms: D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D050814:Octamer Transcription Factor-3 / Q000378:metabolism; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D050814:Octamer Transcription Factor-3; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; C082927:retinoic acid binding protein I, cellular; D014212:Tretinoin; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1
keywords: CRABPI; ERK; OCT4; TR2; embryonic stem cell; epigenetic; retinoic acid