title: Metacognitive monitoring and dementia: how intrinsic and extrinsic cues influence judgments of learning in people with early-stage Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present research compared metamemorial monitoring processes among younger adults, nondemented older adults, and older adults diagnosed with early stage Dementia of the Alzheimer's Type (DAT).
  
  
  METHODS
  In three experiments we examined the influence of intrinsic and extrinsic cues on Judgment of Learning (JOL) accuracy. Changes in association strength between cue-target word pairs served as the intrinsic manipulation in Experiments 1 and 2. Changes in encoding orientation served as the extrinsic manipulation in Experiment 3.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Across all experiments we found that young adults, nondemented older adults, and individuals in the early stages of DAT effectively used intrinsic and extrinsic factors to guide JOL predictions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that while certain aspects of metacognition may be impaired in both the normal and demented older populations, these groups remain able to use theory-based processing, or general knowledge about how memory works, to make metamemory monitoring predictions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA. ayanna.thomas@tufts.edu
authors.forename: Ayanna K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Meeyeon
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Balota
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000150:complications*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001245:Association Learning; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D003463:Cues; D003704:Dementia / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007600:Judgment / Q000502:physiology*; D007859:Learning Disabilities / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall / Q000502:physiology*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D055815:Young Adult