title: Emerging novel porcine parvoviruses in Europe: origin, evolution, phylodynamics and phylogeography.
abstract: To elucidate the spatiotemporal phylodynamics, dispersion and evolutionary processes underlying the emergence of novel porcine parvovirus 2 (PPV2), PPV3 and PPV4 species, we analysed all available complete capsid genes, together with ours, obtained in Europe. Bayesian phylogeography indicates that Romania (PPV2 and PPV4) and Croatia (PPV3) are the most likely ancestral areas from which PPVs have subsequently spread to other European countries and regions. The timescale of our reconstruction supported a relatively recent history of the currently circulating novel PPV species (1920s to 1980s) in the domestic or sylvatic host. While PPV2 strains exhibited a large genetic exchange characterized by significant recombination and gene flow between distinct regions and hosts, PPV3 and PPV4 showed a diversification reflected by the accumulation of geographically structured polymorphisms. The RNA-like evolutionary rates detected inter- and intrahost recombination and the positive selection sites provided evidence that the PPV2-4 capsid gene plays a prominent role in host adaptation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary.|Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicin e, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
authors.forename: Dániel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cadar
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Márta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lőrincz
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicin e, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
authors.forename: Timea
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kiss
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: Dinko
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Novosel
authors.affiliation: National Veterinary Research Institute, Department of Swine Diseases, Pulawy, Poland.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Podgorska
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Zsolt
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Becskei
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Tamás
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tuboly
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Attila
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cságola
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D021821:Communicable Diseases, Emerging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D014943:Global Health; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010322:Parvoviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D028323:Parvovirus, Porcine / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010802:Phylogeny; D058974:Phylogeography; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*