title: Stability of dexmedetomidine in polyvinyl chloride bags containing 0.9% sodium chloride injection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The stability of dexmedetomidine in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) bags containing 0.9% sodium chloride injection was studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dexmedetomidine solutions (4, 8, 12, and 20 μg/mL; n = 6 for each) were prepared by removing 2, 4, 6, and 10 mL of 0.9% sodium chloride injection, respectively, from 50-mL PVC bags and injecting 2, 4, 6, and 10 mL of dexmedetomidine 100 μg/mL, respectively. To ensure a homogeneous mixture, the contents of each bag was manually mixed initially and before each sample was removed. All compounding was conducted by a single pharmacist using aseptic technique in a horizontal-laminar-airflow hood at 25 °C. Forced-degradation studies were conducted at 70 ± 1 °C. Stability samples were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet-light (HPLC/UV) absorbance. Forced-degradation samples were monitored using LC/MS-MS, HPLC/UV, and gas chromatography-MS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dexmedetomidine solutions were very stable at 23 ± 2 °C at all four concentrations over the 48-hour testing period. As determined via LC/MS-MS and HPLC/UV methods, over 97% of the initial concentration of dexmedetomidine remained after 48 hours. Extensive HPLC/UV active degradation products could be observed in basic conditions; only minor UV active degradation products were observed in acidic, oxidative, and photochemical conditions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dexmedetomidine hydrochloride 4, 8, 12, and 20 μg/mL stored in PVC bags at 23 ± 2 °C was stable for 48 hours, despite a slight decrease in solution pH seen with increasing dexmedetomidine concentrations.
authors.affiliation: Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA.
authors.forename: Candice R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Preslaski
authors.forename: Scott W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.forename: Michael F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Wempe
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: MacLaren
mesh_terms: D058647:Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists / Q000737:chemistry*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D020927:Dexmedetomidine / Q000737:chemistry*; D004339:Drug Compounding / Q000379:methods; D004349:Drug Packaging; D004355:Drug Stability; D004356:Drug Storage; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007267:Injections; D011143:Polyvinyl Chloride / Q000737:chemistry*; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000737:chemistry*; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D058647:Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D020927:Dexmedetomidine; D011143:Polyvinyl Chloride