title: Molecular size fractions of bay leaf (Laurus nobilis) exhibit differentiated regulation of colorectal cancer cell growth in vitro.
abstract: Numerous in vitro studies using solvent or aqueous extracts of raw dietary plant material have demonstrated modulation of colon cancer cell growth and apoptosis and effects on immune and nonimmune pathways of inflammation. We have developed a generic, 3-staged food-compatible process involving heating for conversion of dietary plants into food ingredients and report results on potential colon cancer-regulating properties of processed forms of Bay leaf (Laurus nobilis). In vitro studies demonstrated inhibition of cancer cell growth by processed Bay leaf products in HT-29, HCT-116, Caco-2, and SW-480 human cancer cell lines, which were accompanied by variable levels of elevated apoptosis. Bay leaf also exerted moderate inhibition of cycloxygenase 2 and 5 lipoxygenase enzymatic activity. In addition, these extracts significantly downregulated interferon-γ production in T helper Type 1-stimulated whole blood from healthy donors. Furthermore, size fractionation of the extracts revealed that antiproliferative and proapoptotic activities were associated with low mass (primarily polyphenolics and essential oils) and high mass (primarily proteins including polyphenol oxidase) chemical classes, respectively. Bay leaf exerted in vitro bioactivity that might be relevant to protecting against early events in sporadic colorectal cancer, with potential for further optimization of bioactivity by size-based fractionation.
authors.affiliation: CSIRO Preventative Health National Research Flagship, Food and Nutritional Sciences, Werribee, Victoria, Australia. louise.bennett@csiro.au
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.forename: Mahinda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abeywardena
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Burnard
authors.forename: Santina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Forsyth
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Head
authors.forename: Kerryn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: Glen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Patten
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Watkins
authors.forename: Roderick
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zabaras
authors.forename: Trevor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lockett
mesh_terms: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001094:Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase / Q000378:metabolism; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D045325:HCT116 Cells; D019073:HT29 Cells; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D027442:Laurus / Q000737:chemistry*; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000494:pharmacology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D000975:Antioxidants; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D001094:Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human