title: Wide-field laser ophthalmoscopy for mice: a novel evaluation system for retinal/choroidal angiogenesis in mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate the application of wide-field laser ophthalmoscopy (Optos) for the evaluation of established models of angiogenesis and the healthy retina in mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  To investigate whether angiogenesis and leakage in the retina and choroid can be evaluated with Optos, we used two models of angiogenesis: oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) and laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV). Fundus imaging and fluorescein angiography (FAG) were performed with the Optos system without a contact lens. Furthermore, to evaluate in vivo leukocyte infiltration in these models, we injected acridine orange (AO) and performed imaging using Optos.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In vivo fundus imaging with Optos did not require any additional optical device. Additionally, Optos enabled us to repeatedly obtain high-resolution color images and FAG images in the OIR model as well as in the CNV model in mice. Through a combination of Optos imaging and AO fluorography, the number and location of the infiltrating leukocytes could be identified in these models.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Optos is a wide-viewing imaging tool for the noninvasive in vivo evaluation of common angiogenesis models, oxygen-induced retinopathy and laser-induced choroidal neovascularization, as well as the healthy retina in mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan. snakao@med.kyushu-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Shintaro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakao
authors.forename: Ryoichi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Arita
authors.forename: Takahito
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakama
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
authors.forename: Shigeo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Enaida
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hafezi-Moghadam
authors.forename: Takaaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsui
authors.forename: Tatsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishibashi
mesh_terms: D000165:Acridine Orange; D000818:Animals; D020256:Choroidal Neovascularization / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004867:Equipment Design; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D007834:Lasers; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D019721:Ophthalmoscopes; D009887:Ophthalmoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000633:toxicity; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D015861:Retinal Neovascularization / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D000165:Acridine Orange; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Optos; choroidal neovascularization; imaging; leakage; oxygen-induced retinopathy; quantitation