title: Hogan's modification of the Sanvenero-Rosselli velopharyngoplasty.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A competent velopharyngeal mechanism is essential for the production of intelligible speech and the secondary procedure of the posterior pharyngeal flap may be necessary in some patients to achieve this goal. The purpose of this study was to examine short and long-term results between the Sanvenero-Rosselli and Hogan's modification of the cranially based velopharyngoplasty.
  
  
  METHODS
  During a 20-year period, 17 patients underwent secondarily a posterior pharyngeal flap to treat velopharyngeal incompetence. All the patients were treated in the same institution and under the supervision of the same stuff surgeon. Nine patients were operated on according to the Sanvenero-Rosselli method and eight according to Hogan's modification, which consists of the preparation of two mucosal flaps on the dorsal side of the soft palate. Both mucosal flaps are sutured at the base of the pharyngeal flap and cover its raw surface.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Comparing the post-operative condition of the patients in two groups to their pre-operative state, it was observed that speech and comprehensibility were significantly improved, but Hogan's technique produced better speech results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to our limited experience, additional surgical effort to create mucosal flaps on the nasal surface of the soft palate in Hogan's technique is compensated for by the reliable and substantial advantages that this technique holds, compared to Sanvenero-Rosselli's original proposition.
authors.affiliation: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Neapoli, Greece.
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lazaridis
authors.forename: Lambros
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zouloumis
authors.forename: Maria Nikolaou
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Lazaridou
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tilaveridis
authors.forename: Gregorios
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Venetis
mesh_terms: D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D010160:Palate, Soft / Q000601:surgery; D010614:Pharynx / Q000601:surgery; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D013065:Speech Intelligibility / Q000502:physiology; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014681:Velopharyngeal Insufficiency / Q000601:surgery*