title: Glycosaminoglycan mimetic peptide nanofibers promote mineralization by osteogenic cells.
abstract: Bone tissue regeneration is accomplished by concerted regulation of protein-based extracellular matrix components, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and inductive growth factors. GAGs constitute a significant portion of the extracellular matrix and have a significant impact on regulating cellular behavior, either directly or through encapsulation and presentation of growth factors to the cells. In this study we utilized a supramolecular peptide nanofiber system that can emulate both the nanofibrous architecture of collagenous extracellular matrix and the major chemical composition found on GAGs. GAGs and collagen mimetic peptide nanofibers were designed and synthesized with sulfonate and carboxylate groups on the peptide scaffold. The GAG mimetic peptide nanofibers interact with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), which is a critical growth factor for osteogenic activity. The GAG mimicking ability of the peptide nanofibers and their interaction with BMP-2 promoted osteogenic activity and mineralization by osteoblastic cells. Alkaline phosphatase activity, Alizarin red staining and energy dispersive X-ray analysis spectroscopy indicated the efficacy of the peptide nanofibers in inducing mineralization. The multifunctional and bioactive microenvironment presented here provides osteoblastic cells with osteogenic stimuli similar to those observed in native bone tissue.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Samet
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kocabey
authors.forename: Hakan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ceylan
authors.forename: Ayse B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Tekinay
authors.forename: Mustafa O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Guler
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000494:pharmacology; D040761:Biomimetic Materials / Q000494:pharmacology*; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D048430:Cell Shape / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002942:Circular Dichroism; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D057139:Nanofibers / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000187:drug effects; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; D010455:Peptides; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase
keywords: Cell–material interactions; Glycosaminoglycan; Mineralization; Peptides; Self-assembly