title: [Current state of refractive surgery of the cornea and lens].
abstract: Refractive surgery includes all procedures which are primarily targeted at changing the refractive power of the eye. Currently laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) is indicated to correct myopia of up to - 8 D, hyperopia up to + 3 D and astigmatism up to 5 D. Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and laser epithelial keratomileusis (LASEK) are primarily recommended for myopia up to - 6 D and for greater refractive errors, phakic intraocular lenses (IOL) are the first choice (myopia greater than - 6 D and hyperopia greater than + 3 D). If presbyopia is present in addition to the high refractive error, refractive lens exchange is another alternative.
authors.affiliation: FreeVis LASIK Zentrum, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Theodor Kutzer Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Deutschland. knorz@eyes.de
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Knorz
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D019654:Lens Implantation, Intraocular / Q000379:methods*; D054120:Phakic Intraocular Lenses; D012030:Refractive Errors / Q000175:diagnosis*; D054140:Refractive Surgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends