title: GLP-1 receptor agonists: effects on cardiovascular risk reduction.
abstract: Comorbid obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypertension place patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) at greatly increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) disease-related morbidity and mortality. An urgent need exists for effective treatment for patients with T2DM that encompasses glycemic control, weight loss, and reduction in CV risk factors. The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) liraglutide and exenatide are incretin-based antidiabetes agents. This review examines CV-associated effects of liraglutide and exenatide in animal models and clinical trials with patients with T2DM. Studies support the effectiveness of GLP-1 RAs in reducing hyperglycemia. Further, GLP-1 RAs represent a significant advance in T2DM treatment because they uniquely affect a broad array of CV risk factors through significant weight and systolic blood pressure reduction, improved lipid levels, and possibly, as shown in in vitro studies and animal models, through direct effects on cardiac myocytes and endothelium.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, New York Hospital Queens, Flushing, NY 11365, USA. lorberdan@aol.com
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lorber
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000077270:Exenatide; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000067757:Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D054795:Incretins / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000069450:Liraglutide; D010455:Peptides / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018027:Receptors, Glucagon / Q000819:agonists* / Q000378:metabolism; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014688:Venoms / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: C000593833:GLP1R protein, human; D000067757:Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D054795:Incretins; D010455:Peptides; D018027:Receptors, Glucagon; D014688:Venoms; D000069450:Liraglutide; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D000077270:Exenatide
keywords: Cardiovascular risk; Exenatide; Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist; Liraglutide