title: Height restoration and maintenance after treating unstable osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures by cement augmentation is dependent on the cement volume used.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Two different procedures, used for percutaneous augmentation of vertebral compression fractures were compared, with respect to height restoration and maintenance after cyclic loading. Additionally the impact of the cement volume used was investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Wedge compression fractures were created in 36 human cadavaric vertebrae (T10-L3). Twenty-seven vertebrae were treated with the SpineJack® with different cement volumes (maximum, intermediate, and no cement), and 9 vertebrae were treated with Balloon Kyphoplasty. Vertebral heights were measured pre- and postfracture as well as after treatment and loading. Cyclic loading was performed with 10,000cycles (1Hz, 100-600N).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average anterior height after restoration was 85.56% for Kyphoplasty; 96.20% for SpineJack® no cement; 93.44% for SpineJack® maximum and 96% for the SpineJack® intermediate group. The average central height after restoration was 93.89% for Kyphoplasty; 100.20% for SpineJack® no cement; 99.56% for SpineJack® maximum and 101.13% for the SpineJack® intermediate group. The average anterior height after cyclic loading was 85.33 % for Kyphoplasty; 87.30% in the SpineJack® no cement, 92% in the SpineJack® maximum and 87% in the SpineJack® intermediate group. The average central height after cyclic loading was 92% for Kyphoplasty; 93.80% in the SpineJack® no cement; 98.56% in the SpineJack® maximum and 94.25% in the SpineJack® intermediate group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Height restoration was significantly better for the SpineJack® group compared to Kyphoplasty. Height maintenance was dependent on the cement volume used. The group with the SpineJack® without cement nevertheless showed better results in height maintenance, yet the statistical significance could not be demonstrated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany. Electronic address: akrueger@med.uni-marburg.de.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Krüger
authors.forename: Gamal
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Baroud
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Noriega
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Figiel
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dorschel
authors.forename: Steffen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ruchholtz
authors.forename: Ludwig
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Oberkircher
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001843:Bone Cements / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002102:Cadaver; D005260:Female; D050815:Fractures, Compression / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D058498:Kyphoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D058866:Osteoporotic Fractures / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods; D016103:Spinal Fractures / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D001843:Bone Cements
keywords: Cement volume; Height maintenance; Height restoration; Kyphoplasty; Vertebral compression fractures