title: Sexual functioning is impaired in adults with congenital heart disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To investigate the overall sexual functioning and disease specific sexual problems in congenital heart disease (ConHD) patients, for both genders and different cardiac diagnostic groups, and compare these with Dutch normative data. Also disease specific sexual problems were investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  From a longitudinal cohort of patients, operated for ConHD between 1968 and 1980, 254 patients (median age: 40, 53.4% male) were included in this study: atrial septal defect (n = 72), ventricular septal defect (n = 71), pulmonary stenosis (n = 30), tetralogy of Fallot (n = 53) and transposition of the great arteries (n = 28). Patients completed internationally validated, generic questionnaires and also disease specific instruments on sexual functioning.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients showed a delay in starting sexual activities compared with peers. Females with ConHD scored significantly worse compared with normative data on all scales of sexual functioning, indicating a broad range of sexual problems and 15% showed clinical levels of sexual dysfunction. Of the males, 14% suffered from erectile dysfunction. Males with ConHD scored worse on erectile function, orgasmic function and satisfaction regarding their sexual life compared with normative data. No differences were found between the different cardiac diagnoses. The majority of patients reported disease specific worries and fears about the use of contraceptives, heredity, pregnancy and delivery. Patients indicated to have been suboptimally informed about sexuality in early adolescence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that sexual functioning is impaired in adults with ConHD. Providing information to patients about sexuality, pregnancy, delivery and heredity should be improved, and given at young age.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus Medical Center, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Opić
authors.forename: Jolien W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Roos-Hesselink
authors.forename: Judith A A C
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Cuypers
authors.forename: Maarten
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Witsenburg
authors.forename: Annemien
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van den Bosch
authors.forename: Ron T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: van Domburg
authors.forename: Ad J J C
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Bogers
authors.forename: Elisabeth M W J
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Utens
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology*; D012735:Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Concerns; Congenital heart disease; Erectile dysfunction; Sexual functioning