title: 2-epi-5-epi-Valiolone synthase activity is essential for maintaining phycobilisome composition in the cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis ATCC 29413 when grown in the presence of a carbon source.
abstract: The cyclase 2-epi-5-epi-valiolone synthase (EVS) is reported to be a key enzyme for biosynthesis of the mycosporine-like amino acid shinorine in the cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis ATCC 29413. Subsequently, we demonstrated that an in-frame complete deletion of the EVS gene had little effect on in vivo production of shinorine. Complete segregation of the EVS gene deletion mutant proved difficult and was achieved only when the mutant was grown in the dark and in a medium supplemented with fructose. The segregated mutant showed a striking colour change from native blue-green to pale yellow-green, corresponding to substantial loss of the photosynthetic pigment phycocyanin, as evinced by combinations of absorbance and emission spectra. Transcriptional analysis of the mutant grown in the presence of fructose under dark or light conditions revealed downregulation of the cpcA gene that encodes the alpha subunit of phycocyanin, whereas the gene encoding nblA, a protease chaperone essential for phycobilisome degradation, was not expressed. We propose that the substrate of EVS (sedoheptulose 7-phosphate) or possibly lack of its EVS-downstream products, represses transcription of cpcA to exert a hitherto unknown control over photosynthesis in this cyanobacterium. The significance of this finding is enhanced by phylogenetic analyses revealing horizontal gene transfer of the EVS gene of cyanobacteria to fungi and dinoflagellates. It is also conceivable that the EVS gene has been transferred from dinoflagellates, as evident in the host genome of symbiotic corals. A role of EVS in regulating sedoheptulose 7-phosphate concentrations in the photophysiology of coral symbiosis is yet to be determined.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Spence
authors.forename: Samantha J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Bryan
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lisfi
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cullum
authors.forename: Walter C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Dunlap
authors.forename: J Malcolm
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Shick
authors.forename: Conrad W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Mullineaux
authors.forename: Paul F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Long
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D046870:Anabaena variabilis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development*; D002244:Carbon / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D007294:Inositol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D008190:Lyases / Q000378:metabolism*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D045524:Phycobilisomes / Q000378:metabolism*; D010802:Phylogeny; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D013403:Sugar Phosphates / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: C433384:5-epi-(6-(2)H2)valiolone; D045524:Phycobilisomes; D013403:Sugar Phosphates; C020495:sedoheptulose 7-phosphate; D007294:Inositol; D002244:Carbon; D008190:Lyases