title: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D is associated with both arterial and ventricular stiffness in healthy subjects.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vitamin D regulates the renin-angiotensin system, suppresses proliferation of vascular smooth muscle and improves endothelial cell dependent vasodilatation. These mechanisms may play a role on pathogenesis of arterial and left ventricular stiffness.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to investigate the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D with arterial and left ventricular stiffness in healthy subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 125 healthy subjects without known cardiovascular risk factors or overt heart disease (mean age: 60.2 ± 11.9 years). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D was measured using a direct competitive chemiluminescent immunoassay. The subjects were divided into two groups according to the serum vitamin D level; vitamin D sufficient (≥ 20 ng/ml, n = 56) and vitamin D deficient (<20 ng/ml, n = 69). Indexes of LV stiffness such as E/A and E/E' were measured. Pulse wave velocity (PWV), which reflects arterial stiffness, was calculated using the single-point method via the Mobil-O-Graph(®) ARC solver algorithm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Systolic blood pressure, level of serum calcium, PWV and E/E' values were higher and E/A values were lower in vitamin D deficient group compared with vitamin D sufficient group. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that vitamin D level was independently associated with E/E' (β = -0.364, p<0.001), serum calcium (r = -0.136, p = 0.014), PWV (β = -0.203, p = 0.003), E/A (β = 0.209, p = 0.001) and systolic blood pressure (β = -0.293, p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  25-Hydroxyvitamin D levels are associated with increased ventricular and arterial stiffness as well as systolic blood pressure in healthy subjects.
authors.affiliation: Adana Numune Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Adana, Turkey. Electronic address: atanerseker@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Taner
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Şeker
authors.affiliation: Adana Numune Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Adana, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gür
authors.affiliation: Adana Numune Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Adana, Turkey.
authors.forename: Osman
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kuloğlu
authors.affiliation: Adana Numune Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Adana, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gülhan Yüksel
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Kalkan
authors.affiliation: Adana Numune Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Adana, Turkey.
authors.forename: Durmuş Yıldıray
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Şahin
authors.affiliation: Adana Numune Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Adana, Turkey.
authors.forename: Caner
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Türkoğlu
authors.affiliation: Adana Numune Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Adana, Turkey.
authors.forename: Zafer
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Elbasan
authors.affiliation: Adana Numune Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Adana, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ahmet Oytun
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Baykan
authors.affiliation: Adana Numune Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Adana, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gökhan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gözübüyük
authors.affiliation: Adana Numune Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Adana, Turkey.
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Çaylı
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000209:etiology; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012044:Regression Analysis; D059289:Vascular Stiffness; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D
keywords: Blood pressure; Left ventricle; PWV; Stiffness; Vitamin D