title: Microwave-assisted derivatisation and LC-MS/MS determination of nitrofuran metabolites in farm-raised prawns (Penaeus monodon).
abstract: A new microwave-assisted derivatisation and LC-MS/MS method has been developed for the analysis of nitrofuran metabolites - 3-amino-5-morpholino-methyl-1,3-oxa-zolidinone (AMOZ), 3-amino-2-oxazolidinone (AOZ), 1-aminohydantoin (AHD) and semicarbazide (SEM) - in farm-raised prawns (Penaeus monodon) from the coastal regions of South India. Analysis was carried out by reverse-phase column (Phenomenex Luna C18) with gradient elution using mobile phase A (0.02% acetic acid in water) and mobile phase B (0.02% acetic acid in acetonitrile), at a flow rate of 200 μl min(-1) and an injection volume of 20 μl. Microwave-assisted derivatisation was achieved in 6 min with good recovery. The results showed that the samples collected from Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka contained residues of nitrofuran metabolites in the range from 5.0 to 40 ng g(-1). This work emphasises the importance of ensuring the safety of seafood and that a new method of derivatisation is applicable for the analysis of nitrofuran metabolites in seafood.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis , Sir C. R. Reddy College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Eluru , Andhra Pradesh , India.
authors.forename: Venkatesh
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Palaniyappan
authors.forename: Arun Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Nagalingam
authors.forename: Hari Prasad
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Ranganathan
authors.forename: Krishnamoorthy Bharathi
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Kandhikuppam
authors.forename: Hari Prasath
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Kothandam
authors.forename: Soumya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vasu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D017756:Aquaculture; D004350:Drug Residues / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D007194:India; D008872:Microwaves; D009581:Nitrofurans / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D033561:Penaeidae / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D012758:Shellfish / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D009581:Nitrofurans