title: Seizure types and frequency in patients who "fail" temporal lobectomy for intractable epilepsy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Temporal lobectomy can lead to favorable seizure outcomes in medically-refractory temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Although most studies focus on seizure freedom after temporal lobectomy, less is known about seizure semiology in patients who "fail" surgery. Morbidity differs between seizure types that impair or spare consciousness. Among TLE patients with seizures after surgery, how does temporal lobectomy influence seizure type and frequency?
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To characterize seizure types and frequencies before and after temporal lobectomy for TLE, including consciousness-sparing or consciousness-impairing seizures.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a retrospective longitudinal cohort study examining patients undergoing temporal lobectomy for epilepsy at our institution from January 1995 to August 2010.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 241 TLE patients who received temporal lobectomy, 174 (72.2%) patients achieved Engel class I outcome (free of disabling seizures), including 141 (58.5%) with complete seizure freedom. Overall seizure frequency in patients with persistent postoperative seizures decreased by 70% (P < .01), with larger reductions in consciousness-impairing seizures. While the number of patients experiencing consciousness-sparing simple partial seizures decreased by only 19% after surgery, the number of individuals having consciousness-impairing complex partial seizures and generalized tonic-clonic seizures diminished by 70% and 68%, respectively (P < .001). Simple partial seizure was the predominant seizure type in 19.1% vs 37.0% of patients preoperatively and postoperatively, respectively (P < .001). Favorable seizure outcome was predicted by a lack of generalized seizures preoperatively (odds ratio 1.74, 95% confidence interval 1.06-2.86, P < .5).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Given important clinical and mechanistic differences between seizures with or without impairment of consciousness, seizure type and frequency remain important considerations in epilepsy surgery.
authors.affiliation: *UCSF Epilepsy Center, University of California, San Francisco, California; ‡Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California; §Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California; ¶Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; ||Children's Hospital and Research Center Oakland, Oakland, California.
authors.forename: Dario J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Englot
authors.forename: Anthony T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Cathra
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Halabi
authors.forename: Nicholas M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Barbaro
authors.forename: Kurtis I
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Auguste
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: Edward F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D038481:Anterior Temporal Lobectomy / Q000592:standards*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003243:Consciousness / Q000502:physiology*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004833:Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012640:Seizures / Q000145:classification / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome