title: Associations between multivitamin supplement use and alcohol consumption before pregnancy: Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, 2004 to 2008.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Approximately 50 to 70% of childbearing-aged women consume alcohol and up to 23% of pregnancies have some level of prenatal alcohol exposure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System from 2004 to 2008, 111,644 women who completed questions relating to periconceptional alcohol use and multivitamin supplement use were included in the study. This study explored associations between periconceptional alcohol use and multivitamin supplementation use. Weighted multivariable logistic regression was used to explore associations, adjusting for maternal education, maternal ethnicity, maternal age, household income, and parity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the periconceptional period, a dose-dependent association was found where women who consumed alcohol (≤3 drinks/wk, odds ratio [OR] = 0.76; 4 to 6 drinks/wk, OR = 0.60; 7 to 13 drinks/wk, OR = 0.49; ≥14 drinks/wk, OR = 0.39) and binged on alcohol (1 time, OR = 0.76; 2 to 3 times, OR = 0.66; 4 to 5 times, OR = 0.56; ≥6 times, OR = 0.50) were significantly less likely to take a multivitamin supplement compared with those that did not consume alcohol.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings emphasize the importance of periconceptional multivitamin supplement use, especially among alcohol-consuming women of childbearing age.
authors.affiliation: Division of Dysmorphology and Teratology, Department of Pediatrics , University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.
authors.forename: Lauren A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: Christina D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Chambers
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000639:trends*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011295:Prenatal Care / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D057566:Self Report; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Alcohol; Pregnancy; Prenatal Alcohol Exposure; Supplements
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