title: Hepatic stellate cells mediate differentiation of dendritic cells from monocytes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We have previously reported that human umbilical cord blood (UCB)-nucleated cells differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells when cultured in a 5-cytokine cocktail medium. We further found that UCB cells rather differentiated into dendritic-shaped cells by coculture with a human stellate cell (HSC) line, LI90.
  
  
  METHODS
  Monocytes from UCB and adult peripheral blood were cocultured with LI90 or rat primary HSCs in a cell-culture insert. Monocytes were also cultured with LI90-conditioned medium containing secreted factors, which were analyzed by a cytokine array.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the coculture with LI90, resulting dendritic-shaped cells from monocytes expressed dendritic cell (DC) markers and activated allogeneic T cells, indicating that the dendritic-shaped cells were DCs. LI90 in the cytokine cocktail medium secreted various inflammatory factors, such as granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-4. Fibroblast growth factor-2 in the cytokine cocktail was responsible for GM-CSF production from LI90 cells and for differentiation of monocytes into DCs in the LI90 coculture. Moreover, the coculture of monocytes with activated HSCs derived from damaged rat liver induced the differentiation of DCs, whereas quiescent HSCs derived from normal liver scarcely induced such a change.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that activated HSCs are involved in differentiation of monocytes into DCs in the liver.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathological Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan.
authors.forename: Rie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ozeki
authors.forename: Sei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kakinuma
authors.forename: Kinji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Asahina
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimizu-Saito
authors.forename: Shigeki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arii
authors.forename: Yujiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Hirobumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Teraoka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001773:Blood Cells / Q000166:cytology; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000473:pathology; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D016207:Cytokines / Q000494:pharmacology; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000166:cytology; D016220:Fibroblast Growth Factor 1 / Q000494:pharmacology; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000494:pharmacology; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000032:analysis; D055166:Hepatic Stellate Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000032:analysis; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D019089:Stem Cell Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D016207:Cytokines; C066855:HGF protein, human; D019089:Stem Cell Factor; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D016220:Fibroblast Growth Factor 1; D015847:Interleukin-4; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor