title: Sequencing-based variant detection in the polyploid crop oilseed rape.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The detection and exploitation of genetic variation underpins crop improvement. However, the polyploid nature of the genomes of many of our most important crops represents a barrier, particularly for the analysis of variation within genes. To overcome this, we aimed to develop methodologies based on amplicon sequencing that involve the incorporation of barcoded amplification tags (BATs) into PCR products.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A protocol was developed to tag PCR products with 5' 6-base oligonucleotide barcode extensions before pooling for sequencing library production using standard Illumina adapters. A computational method was developed for the de-convolution of products and the robust detection and scoring of sequence variants. Using this methodology, amplicons targeted to gene sequences were screened across a B. napus mapping population and the resulting allele scoring strings for 24 markers linkage mapped to the expected regions of the genome. Furthermore, using one-dimensional 8-fold pooling, 4608 lines of a B. napus mutation population were screened for induced mutations in a locus-specific amplicon (an orthologue of GL2.b) and mixed product of three co-amplified loci (orthologues of FAD2), identifying 10 and 41 mutants respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The utilisation of barcode tags to de-convolute pooled PCR products in multiplexed, variation screening via Illumina sequencing provides a cost effective method for SNP genotyping and mutation detection and, potentially, markers for causative changes, even in polyploid species. Combining this approach with existing Illumina multiplexing workflows allows the analysis of thousands of lines cheaply and efficiently in a single sequencing run with minimal library production costs.
authors.affiliation: John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wells
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Trick
authors.forename: Fiona
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fraser
authors.forename: Eleni
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Soumpourou
authors.forename: Leah
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Clissold
authors.forename: Colin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: Jérôme
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pauquet
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bancroft
mesh_terms: D029688:Brassica napus / Q000235:genetics*; D018556:Crops, Agricultural / Q000235:genetics; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D014644:Genetic Variation; D018745:Genome, Plant; D005838:Genotype; D009154:Mutation; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011123:Polyploidy; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins
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