title: Effect of particle diameter and surface composition on the spontaneous fusion of monolayer-protected gold nanoparticles with lipid bilayers.
abstract: Anionic, monolayer-protected gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been shown to nondisruptively penetrate cellular membranes. Here, we show that a critical first step in the penetration process is potentially the fusion of such AuNPs with lipid bilayers. Free energy calculations, experiments on unilamellar and multilamellar vesicles, and cell studies all support this hypothesis. Furthermore, we show that fusion is only favorable for AuNPs with core diameters below a critical size that depends on the monolayer composition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.
authors.forename: Reid C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Van Lehn
authors.forename: Prabhani U
authors.initials: PU
authors.lastname: Atukorale
authors.forename: Randy P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Carney
authors.forename: Yu-Sang
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Stellacci
authors.forename: Darrell J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Irvine
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alexander-Katz
mesh_terms: D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000737:chemistry; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry*; D008051:Lipid Bilayers / Q000737:chemistry; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size
chemical_list: D008051:Lipid Bilayers; D006046:Gold
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