title: Rotenoids from Boerhaavia diffusa as potential anti-inflammatory agents.
abstract: Five new (2, 3, 5, 7, and 9) and four known rotenoids (1, 4, 6, and 8) were isolated from a methanol extract of Boerhaavia diffusa roots. The structures of the new rotenoids were elucidated by spectroscopic data interpretation. The 70% ethanol extract, a rotenoid-rich fraction, and all isolated rotenoids were evaluated for their COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitory activities. Among the rotenoids tested, compound 7 showed the most potent COX-1 and COX-2 inhibition, with IC₅₀ values of 21.7 ± 0.5 and 25.5 ± 0.6 μM, respectively. Boeravinone B (6) exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity (56.6% at 50 mg/kg) when evaluated in an in vivo carrageenan-induced rat paw model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-NIPER, Sector-67, SAS Nagar-Mohali-160062, Punjab, India.
authors.forename: Khemraj
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bairwa
authors.forename: Ishwari N
authors.initials: IN
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Somendu K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.forename: Jagdeep
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Grover
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.forename: Sanjay M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Jachak
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1 / Q000187:drug effects*; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007194:India; D015394:Molecular Structure; D039281:Nyctaginaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012402:Rotenone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D005419:Flavonoids; C560379:boeravinone B; D012402:Rotenone; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1