title: Linkage mapping in the oilseed crop Jatropha curcas L. reveals a locus controlling the biosynthesis of phorbol esters which cause seed toxicity.
abstract: Current efforts to grow the tropical oilseed crop Jatropha curcas L. economically are hampered by the lack of cultivars and the presence of toxic phorbol esters (PE) within the seeds of most provenances. These PE restrict the conversion of seed cake into animal feed, although naturally occurring 'nontoxic' provenances exist which produce seed lacking PE. As an important step towards the development of genetically improved varieties of J. curcas, we constructed a linkage map from four F₂ mapping populations. The consensus linkage map contains 502 codominant markers, distributed over 11 linkage groups, with a mean marker density of 1.8 cM per unique locus. Analysis of the inheritance of PE biosynthesis indicated that this is a maternally controlled dominant monogenic trait. This maternal control is due to biosynthesis of the PE occurring only within maternal tissues. The trait segregated 3 : 1 within seeds collected from F₂ plants, and QTL analysis revealed that a locus on linkage group 8 was responsible for phorbol ester biosynthesis. By taking advantage of the draft genome assemblies of J. curcas and Ricinus communis (castor), a comparative mapping approach was used to develop additional markers to fine map this mutation within 2.3 cM. The linkage map provides a framework for the dissection of agronomic traits in J. curcas, and the development of improved varieties by marker-assisted breeding. The identification of the locus responsible for PE biosynthesis means that it is now possible to rapidly breed new nontoxic varieties.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK.
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: Luis R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Montes
authors.forename: Jasper G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Affleck
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Hanneke
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Witsenboer
authors.forename: Edwin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: van der Vossen
authors.forename: Piet
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: van der Linde
authors.forename: Yogendra
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tripathi
authors.forename: Evanilda
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tavares
authors.forename: Parul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shukla
authors.forename: Thirunavukkarasu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rajasekaran
authors.forename: Eibertus N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: van Loo
authors.forename: Ian A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Graham
mesh_terms: D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D032461:Chromosomes, Plant; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D005819:Genetic Markers; D031286:Jatropha / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D010703:Phorbol Esters / Q000378:metabolism*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012639:Seeds / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers; D010703:Phorbol Esters
keywords: Jatropha curcas; linkage mapping; oilseed; phorbol esters; plant breeding
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