title: Characterization of fecal extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in a remote community during a long time period.
abstract: Carriage of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteria (ESBL-E) has increased in community settings. Little is known about their long-term evolution. French Guiana Amerindians living in a very remote village, already sampled in 2001 and 2006 for ESBL-E fecal carriage, were screened again in October 2010. Sociodemographic data and antibiotic intake data were collected during the previous year. ESBL-E strains collected in 2010 and their plasmid contents were typed. The results were compared to those of the previous campaigns. The prevalence of ESBL-E carriage in 2010 was 5.3%, whereas it was 8.0% and 3.2% in 2006 and 2001, respectively. As previously determined, no individual factor was associated with carriage, including personal antibiotic exposure. However, overall antibiotic use had decreased to a 0.67 treatments/subject/year in 2010 versus 1.09 in 2006 (P < 0.001), which supports the idea that population exposure to antibiotics impacts on ESBL-E community carriage rates. A wide diversity of ESBL Escherichia coli strains belonging to the A0, A1, B1, and D2 phylogroups and producing the CTX-M-1, CTX-M-2, and CTX-M-8 enzymes were isolated. Despite the overall genetic diversity of the strains evaluated by repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR (rep-PCR) and multilocus sequence typing, two CTX-M-1-producing clones were found to have spread. In contrast, similar ESBL-bearing I1/Iγ plasmids were present in various strains both within and between carriers, suggesting high rates of plasmid transfer. Our results suggest that overall antibiotic exposure affects ESBL-E fecal carriage in the community. ESBL-E spread may be the result of both strain dissemination and the transfer of plasmids in intestinal microbiota.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbiology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
authors.forename: Paul-Louis
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Woerther
authors.forename: Cécile
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Angebault
authors.forename: Hervé
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jacquier
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Clermont
authors.forename: Assyia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: El Mniai
authors.forename: Brigitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Moreau
authors.forename: Félix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Djossou
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Peroz
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Catzeflis
authors.forename: Erick
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Denamur
authors.forename: Antoine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Andremont
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology*; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010802:Phylogeny; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; C412613:CTX-M-9 protein, E coli; C071167:beta-lactamase CTX-2; C055184:beta-lactamase TEM-3; D001618:beta-Lactamases
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