title: Application of Oxford classification, and overexpression of transforming growth factor-β1 and immunoglobulins in immunoglobulin A nephropathy: correlation with World Health Organization classification of immunoglobulin A nephropathy in a Chinese patient cohort.
abstract: Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is characterized by the qualitative abnormality of immunoglobulin A (IgA) in circulation and deposits of IgA in the renal mesangium. Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) plays a key role in fibrogenesis and the progression of renal damage. This study aimed to investigate the clinicopathologic data on IgAN in northeastern China and the presence of TGF-β1, total IgA, and secretory IgA in the glomeruli and sera, as well as changes in galactose-deficient IgA1 in the serum. We investigated the clinicopathologic data of 1050 cases of IgAN diagnosed in a single center over 13 years. We then assessed the concentrations of TGF-β1 and immunoglobulins in the serum of 100 patients with IgAN and 56 healthy control subjects by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and investigated their presence in the glomeruli by immunofluorescence and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. From our data, 76.17% of the IgAN cases belonged to classes I and II according to the World Health Organization classification, representing the early stage. Compared with other studies, we found significantly lower frequencies of segmental glomerulosclerosis (27.71%) but higher frequencies of endocapillary proliferation (50.67%), and a similar proportion of mesangial hypercellularity (68.48%) and tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis (moderate, 17.81%; severe, 1.52%) in the northeastern Chinese cohort. There was an increased presence of TGF-β1 and immunoglobulins in the serum and glomeruli of IgAN, which correlates with the progression of pathologic classification. The pathologic variables of the Oxford classification correlated significantly with the WHO classifications. TGF-β1 and immunoglobulins could be used as biomarkers of IgAN pathogenic mechanisms, acting as important adjuncts to the original Oxford Classification.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathological Diagnostics, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan; Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hongxue
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, The First Affliated hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaoqiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: E
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hei Longjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Huining
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Changsong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathological Diagnostics, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsunori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamakawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Infection and Immunity, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: k-moh@med.id.yamagata-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Xiaoming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005922:Glomerulonephritis, IGA / Q000145:classification* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000097:blood; D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory / Q000097:blood; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000097:blood*; D014944:World Health Organization
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1
keywords: BUN; ESRD; FITC; Gd-IgA1; HAA; IgA; IgAN; IgG; IgM; SCr; SIgA; TGF-β1; WHO; World Health Organization; blood urea nitrogen; end-stage renal disease; fluorescein isothiocyanate; galactose-deficient IgA1; helix aspersa; immunoglobulin A; immunoglobulin A nephropathy; immunoglobulin G; immunoglobulin M; mRNA; messenger RNA; secretory IgA; serum creatinine; transforming growth factor β1