title: Split dynamic MRI: single bolus high spatial-temporal resolution and multi contrast evaluation of breast lesions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the feasibility of a novel "split dynamic" method in which high temporal and high spatial resolution dynamic MR images are acquired during a single bolus injection.
  
  
  METHODS
  High temporal resolution images were acquired using a three-dimensional (3D) dual-echo EPI sequence. The high spatial resolution images were acquired using a 3D T1 -weighted turbo field echo sequence. Simulations were performed to test the split dynamic method in terms of accuracy relative to a continuous acquisition and for temporal sampling requirements for accurate estimation of kinetic parameters. The method was tested in four patients where pharmacokinetic parameters were extracted from the high temporal resolution data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The split dynamic method enabled quantitative evaluation of both T1- and T2*-weighted characteristics. Simulations showed that splitting the dynamic acquisition does not significantly influence the reliability of parameter estimations. Simulation showed a required temporal resolution of 13, 16, and 8 s for accurate estimates of Ktrans, ve, and vp, respectively, and an optimal sampling interval between 2 and 6 s for peak R2*.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The split dynamic sequence enabled detailed assessment of dynamic T1- and T2*-weighted contrast kinetics without compromising guidelines concerning spatial resolution.
authors.affiliation: Oslo University Hospital, The Intervention Centre, Oslo, Norway.; University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Endre
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Grøvik
authors.forename: Atle
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bjørnerud
authors.forename: Tryggve H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Storås
authors.forename: Kjell-Inge
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Gjesdal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001940:Breast / Q000473:pathology*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D017352:Echo-Planar Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008875:Middle Aged; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA
keywords: breast; multi contrast; spatial resolution; split dynamic MRI; temporal resolution