title: Injection of phosphatidylcholine and deoxycholic acid regulates gene expression of lipolysis-related factors, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and hormones on mouse fat tissue.
abstract: Injection of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and deoxycholic acid (DA) preparation is widely used as an alternative to liposuction for the reduction of subcutaneous fat. Nevertheless, its physiological effects and mechanism of action are not yet fully understood. In this report, PC and deoxycholic acid (DA) were respectively injected into adipose tissue. PC decreased tissue mass on day 7, but DA did not. On the other hand, a decrement of DNA mass was observed only in DA-injected tissue on day 7. Both PC and DA reduced the mRNA expression of adipose tissue hormones, such as adiponectin, leptin, and resistin. In lipolysis-related gene expression profiles, PC increased hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) transcription and decreased the expression other lipases, perilipin, and the lipogenic marker peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ); DA treatment diminished them all, including HSL. Meanwhile, the gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and a chemokine was greatly elevated in both PC-injected and DA-injected adipose tissue. Microscopic observation showed that PC induced lipolysis with mild PMN infiltration on day 7. However, DA treatment did not induce lipolysis but induced much amount of PMN infiltration. In conclusion, PC alone might induce lipolysis in adipose tissue, whereas DC alone might induce tissue damage.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Host Defense Modulation, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Tae Joon
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Won
authors.forename: Yunsung
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.forename: Ho Sung
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sujin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Jong Hyuk
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Yoon Hee
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Eon Sub
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Kwang Woo
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Ji Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Jeong
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D052242:Adiponectin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000187:drug effects*; D000818:Animals; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D003840:Deoxycholic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006728:Hormones / Q000378:metabolism*; D020738:Leptin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008049:Lipase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008066:Lipolysis / Q000187:drug effects*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000070778:Perilipin-1; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D052243:Resistin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002787:Sterol Esterase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000217:Acyltransferases
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D016207:Cytokines; D003840:Deoxycholic Acid; D006728:Hormones; D020738:Leptin; D008049:Lipase; D047495:PPAR gamma; D000070778:Perilipin-1; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D052243:Resistin; D002787:Sterol Esterase; C494445:PNPLA2 protein, mouse; D000217:Acyltransferases
keywords: Adipose tissue; Deoxycholic acid; Inflammation; Lipolysis; Phosphatidylcholine