title: Effect of hypochlorite-based disinfectants on inactivation of murine norovirus and attempt to eliminate or prevent infection in mice by addition to drinking water.
abstract: We evaluated the in vitro efficacy of weak acid hypochlorous solution (WAHS) against murine norovirus (MNV) by plaque assay and compared the efficacy with diluted NaOCl (Purelox) and 70% ethanol. WAHS was as effective as 70% ethanol and diluted Purelox for 0.5-min reactions. For 0.5-min reactions in the presence of mouse feces emulsion, the efficacy of WHAS and 1:600 diluted Purelox was decreased, reducing the virus titers by 2.3 and 2.6 log10, respectively, while 70% ethanol reduced the titer by more than 5 log10. However, WAHS showed more than 5 log10 reductions for the 5-min reaction even in the presence of feces emulsion. Since WAHS showed enough efficacy in inactivating MNV in vitro, we tried to eliminate MNV from MNV-infected mice by substituting WAHS for their drinking water. However, MNV was found to be positive in feces of mice drinking WAHS by an RT-nested PCR and plaque assay. To investigate whether hypochlorite-based disinfectants could prevent infection of a mouse with MNV, WAHS or 1:6,000 diluted Purelox was substituted for the drinking water of mice for 2 or 4 weeks, and then the mice were placed in a cage with an MNV-infected mouse. The supply of disinfectants was continued after cohabitation, but MNV was detected in the feces of all the mice at 1 week after cohabitation. In this study, we tried to eliminate and prevent MNV infection from mice by supplying hypochlorite-based disinfectants as an easy and low-cost method. Unfortunately, drinking disinfectants was ineffective, so it is important to keep the facility environment clean by use of effective disinfectants. Also, animals introduced into facilities should be tested as MNV free by quarantine and periodically confirmed as MNV free by microbiological monitoring.
authors.affiliation: Division of Experimental Animal Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takimoto
authors.forename: Motoko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taharaguchi
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: Hirotaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takagi
authors.forename: Yukinobu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tohya
authors.forename: Yasuko K
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Yamada
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000830:Animals, Laboratory; D017250:Caliciviridae Infections; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004326:Drinking / Q000502:physiology*; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology; D005243:Feces / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D029322:Norovirus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013047:Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
chemical_list: D004202:Disinfectants; D000431:Ethanol; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite
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