title: The immunity regulator BAK1 contributes to resistance against diverse RNA viruses.
abstract: The plant's innate immune system detects potential biotic threats through recognition of microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) or danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) by pattern recognition receptors (PRR). A central regulator of pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) is the BRI1-associated kinase 1 (BAK1), which undergoes complex formation with PRR upon ligand binding. Although viral patterns inducing PTI are well known from animal systems, nothing similar has been reported for plants. Rather, antiviral defense in plants is thought to be mediated by post-transcriptional gene silencing of viral RNA or through effector-triggered immunity, i.e., recognition of virus-specific effectors by resistance proteins. Nevertheless, infection by compatible viruses can also lead to the induction of defense gene expression, indicating that plants may also recognize viruses through PTI. Here, we show that PTI, or at least the presence of the regulator BAK1, is important for antiviral defense of Arabidopsis plants. Arabidopsis bak1 mutants show increased susceptibility to three different RNA viruses during compatible interactions. Furthermore, crude viral extracts but not purified virions induce several PTI marker responses in a BAK1-dependent manner. Overall, we conclude that BAK1-dependent PTI contributes to antiviral resistance in plants.
authors.forename: Camilla Julie
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Kørner
authors.forename: Dominik
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Klauser
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Niehl
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Domínguez-Ferreras
authors.forename: Delphine
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chinchilla
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Boller
authors.forename: Manfred
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heinlein
authors.forename: Dagmar R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Hann
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D005030:Ethylenes / Q000378:metabolism; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D009154:Mutation; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000378:metabolism; D057865:Plant Immunity; D018517:Plant Roots; D010942:Plant Viruses / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology; D011485:Protein Binding; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D034622:RNA Interference; D012328:RNA Viruses / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D036226:Seedlings; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014771:Virion / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D005030:Ethylenes; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; D012367:RNA, Viral; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition; C036216:ethylene; C463660:BAK1 protein, Arabidopsis; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases