title: The effect of exercise and antioxidant enzyme levels in syndrome X and coronary slow flow phenomenon: an observational study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study the antioxidant enzyme [catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) ] levels at rest in patients with syndrome X and coronary slow flow are measured. Then it has been investigated whether there is any enzymatic difference between the normal controls and syndrome X patients or patients with coronary slow flow and ascertain if exercise has any effects on the antioxidant enzyme levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-five patients were included in this prospective observational controlled study. Patients were divided into 3 groups: Group 1- normal controls (n=20); Group 2-patients with coronary slow flow (n=20); and Group 3-patients diagnosed with syndrome X (n=15). In all patients, blood samples were collected at rest and after maximal exercise. The antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, Gpx) in the erythrocytes were studied for these three groups of blood sample. Statistical analysis was performed using Student t-test, Mann-Whitney U and Chi-square tests, Kruskal-Wallis variance analysis and ANOVA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Under basal conditions the lowest SOD and GPx levels were measured in the 2nd Group, whereas significant differences in paired comparisons were observed only between the 2nd and 3rd Groups (p=0.024 vs. p<0.01, respectively) during paired comparisons. The post-exercise SOD levels were decreased significantly in the 3rd Groups when compared with the basal concentrations (p=0.014), however no significant pre- and post-exercise differences were observed in the CAT and GPx concentrations (p>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The post-exercise SOD level when compared with basal SOD levels were decreased significantly in the syndrome X group, however no differences were observed between the other groups. This can be interpreted as the reduction in the exercise related symptoms and ischemic findings are resulting from the decrease of SOD activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun-Turkey. drozgurkaplan@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Ozgür
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Meriç
authors.forename: Zeydin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Acar
authors.forename: Abdurrahman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kale
authors.forename: Sabri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Demircan
authors.forename: Ozcan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yılmaz
authors.forename: Günnur
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Demircan
authors.forename: Yeliz
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yılmaz Miroğlu
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002374:Catalase / Q000097:blood; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy*; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000097:blood; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase