title: Cell-type specific expression and regulation of apolipoprotein D and E in human endometrium.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the expression and regulation of antilipoprotein D (ApoD) and antilipoprotein E (ApoE) in human endometrium.
  
  
  METHODS
  Endometrial biopsies from healthy, regularly cycling women were collected during the late proliferative and mid-secretory phase. mRNA gene expression of ApoD and ApoE was determined using real-time PCR in whole tissue, in isolated stromal (ESC), epithelial (EEC) and CD45(+) leukocytes (EIC), as well as after hormonal stimulation of ESC and EEC in vitro. Protein expression was analyzed using immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ApoD and ApoE mRNA was expressed in all cell types examined. A rise in ApoD mRNA expression was seen in whole endometrium, ESC, and EEC in the secretory phase, as well as after hormonal stimulation of ESC and EEC in vitro. ApoE mRNA was significantly upregulated in whole endometrium of secretory phase biopsies, while its expression was not altered by progesterone in vitro. Immunohistochemistry of whole endometrial tissue localized ApoD mainly in ESC and EEC. While ApoE was localized slightly in ESC, it was particularly noted on the surface of secretory phase endothelial cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We demonstrate for the first time the cell-type and cycle dependent expression of ApoD and ApoE within human endometrium, suggesting their role in endometrial modulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynaecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Electronic address: ariane.germeyer@med.uni-heidelberg.de.
authors.forename: Ariane
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Germeyer
authors.forename: Edison
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Capp
authors.forename: Franziska
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schlicksupp
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jauckus
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: von Rango
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: von Wolff
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Strowitzki
mesh_terms: D053399:Apolipoproteins D / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004717:Endometrium / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C024328:APOD protein, human; D053399:Apolipoproteins D; D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D012333:RNA, Messenger
keywords: Apolipoprotein D; Apolipoprotein E; Endometrium; Gene and protein expression