title: Conscious sedation: a dying practice?
abstract: Sedation practices vary according to countries with different health system regulations, the procedures done, and local circumstances. Interestingly, differences in the setting in which the practice of gastroenterology and endoscopy takes place (university-based vs academic practice) as well as other systematic practice differences influence the attitude of endoscopists concerning sedation practices. Conscious sedation using midazolam and opioids is the current standard method of sedation in diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopy. Interestingly, propofol is a commonly preferred sedation method by endoscopists due to higher satisfaction rates along with its short half-life and thus lower risk of hepatic encephalopathy. On the other hand, midazolam is the benzodiazepine of choice because of its shorter duration of action and better pharmacokinetic profile compared with diazepam. The administration of sedation under the supervision of a properly trained endoscopist could become the standard practice and the urgent development of an updated international consensus regarding the use of sedative agents like propofol is needed.
authors.forename: Palaniappan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Manickam
authors.forename: Ziad
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kanaan
authors.forename: Khalid
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zakaria
mesh_terms: D016292:Procedural Sedation; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives
keywords: Conscious; Endoscopy; Fentanyl; Meperidine; Propofol; Sedation
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