title: [Dexmedetomidine].
abstract: Dexmedetomidine is a highly selective α2-receptor agonist with sedative, analgetic and anxiolytic effects. It is chemically related to clonidine and has been an authorized drug in Europe since September 2011. Dexmedetomidine enables a level of sedation in which mechanically ventilated patients may be woken by verbal stimulation (Richmond agitation sedation scale RASS 0--3). In this respect dexmedetomidine achieves the same desired effect as propofol and midazolam; however, in direct comparison to a sedation regime with benzodiazepines, dexmedetomidine reduces the prevalence, duration and severity of delirium in intensive care. Patients sedated by dexmedetomidine can statistically be extubated earlier and an influence on duration of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) has not been shown. Daily therapy costs are approximately 5 times higher than those of propofol but an objective standpoint in relation to clinical cost efficiency is unattainable.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Klinikum Neumarkt i.d. OPf., Nürnberger Str. 12, 92318, Neumarkt i.d. Opf, Deutschland. goetz.gerresheim@klinikum.neumarkt.de
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gerresheim
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Schwemmer
mesh_terms: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000328:Adult; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D050110:Bariatric Surgery; D002648:Child; D016292:Procedural Sedation; D000075202:Contraindications; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003422:Critical Care; D003693:Delirium / Q000517:prevention & control; D020927:Dexmedetomidine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004569:Electroencephalography; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D063087:Noninvasive Ventilation
chemical_list: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D020927:Dexmedetomidine
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