title: Seroconversion of sentinel chickens as a biomarker for monitoring exposure to visceral leishmaniasis.
abstract: Leishmania infantum chagasi causes visceral leishmaniasis (VL); it is transmitted by the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis that injects saliva and parasites into the host's skin during a blood meal. Chickens represent an important blood source for sand flies and their presence in the endemic area is often cited as a risk factor for VL transmission. However, the role of chickens in VL epidemiology has not been well defined. Here, we tested if chicken antibodies against Lu. longipalpis salivary gland sonicate (SGS) could be used as markers of exposure to sand fly bites. All naturally exposed chickens in a VL endemic area in Brazil developed anti-SGS IgY antibodies. Interestingly, Lu. longipalpis recombinant salivary proteins rLJM17 and rLJM11 were also able to detect anti-SGS IgY antibodies. Taken together, these results show that chickens can be used to monitor the presence of Lu. longipalpis in the peri-domiciliary area in VL endemic regions, when used as sentinel animals.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil.
authors.forename: Bárbara Ribeiro
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.forename: Ana Paula Almeida
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.forename: Deboraci Brito
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Prates
authors.forename: Camila I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.forename: Manoel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barral-Netto
authors.forename: José Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Miranda
authors.forename: Aldina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barral
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002645:Chickens / Q000276:immunology*; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis; D007896:Leishmaniasis / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D007898:Leishmaniasis, Visceral / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D015995:Prevalence; D018570:Risk Assessment; D018571:Sentinel Surveillance / Q000662:veterinary*; D012698:Serologic Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
references.citation: Parassitologia. 1991 Dec;33 Suppl:113-7
references.pmid: 1841199
references.citation: J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 2005 Mar;21(1):39-48
references.pmid: 15825760
references.citation: J Parasitol. 2013 Feb;99(1):64-7
references.pmid: 22765517
references.citation: J Infect Dis. 2002 Nov 15;186(10):1530-4
references.pmid: 12404176
references.citation: Med Vet Entomol. 2000 Sep;14(3):251-6
references.pmid: 11016431
references.citation: Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2004 Oct;99(6):571-4
references.pmid: 15558165
references.citation: Int J Parasitol. 2010 Sep;40(11):1295-302
references.pmid: 20417213
references.citation: Int J Parasitol. 2009 Jul 15;39(9):1021-9
references.pmid: 19248784
references.citation: Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2005 Jan;72(1):94-8
references.pmid: 15728873
references.citation: Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1990 Oct;43(4):419-37
references.pmid: 2240370
references.citation: Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 2002 Sep;32(9):1101-22
references.pmid: 12213246
references.citation: Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1994 Jul-Aug;88(4):386-8
references.pmid: 7570812
references.citation: Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Dec;8(12):1480-5
references.pmid: 12498667
references.citation: PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2010 Mar 23;4(3):e649
references.pmid: 20351785
references.citation: PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2010 Mar 23;4(3):e638
references.pmid: 20351786
references.citation: Cad Saude Publica. 2008 Sep;24(9):2183-6
references.pmid: 18813694
references.citation: Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2005 Dec;100(8):811-27
references.pmid: 16444411
references.citation: Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2000 Jun;62(6):740-5
references.pmid: 11304066
references.citation: Cad Saude Publica. 2008 Dec;24(12):2948-52
references.pmid: 19082287
references.citation: Gene. 2001 Apr 4;267(1):13-22
references.pmid: 11311551
references.citation: Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2002 Jan-Feb;96(1):21-8
references.pmid: 11925984
references.citation: J Med Entomol. 2008 May;45(3):409-13
references.pmid: 18533433
references.citation: Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2007 Feb;101(2):127-33
references.pmid: 16887159
references.citation: Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1994 Jul 29;345(1312):223-30
references.pmid: 7972360
references.citation: Acta Trop. 2010 Jan;113(1):80-3
references.pmid: 19818726
references.citation: Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2010 Nov;83(5):1137-45
references.pmid: 21036853
references.citation: J Exp Biol. 2004 Oct;207(Pt 21):3717-29
references.pmid: 15371479
references.citation: Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis. 2004 Sep;27(5):305-18
references.pmid: 15225981
references.citation: Parasit Vectors. 2010 Jan 11;3(1):3
references.pmid: 20205803
references.citation: Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2010 Jun;82(6):1185-93
references.pmid: 20519621
references.citation: Cad Saude Publica. 2003 Sep-Oct;19(5):1373-80
references.pmid: 14666218