title: Increase in blood manganese induces gestational hypertension during pregnancy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pregnancy hypertension can lead to many pregnancy complications and increases the risk of maternal morbidity and mortality.
  
  
  METHODS
  To investigate the effects of blood manganese (Mn) on the development of pregnancy hypertension, 364 healthy women were examined during early pregnancy until delivery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the first and second trimesters of pregnancy, concentrations of Mn in maternal blood were significantly higher in the hypertensive pregnant women than in the normotensive women. The logistic regression analysis demonstrated significant relationships between Mn concentrations in maternal blood for the first and second trimesters of pregnancy with gestational hypertension [OR (95% CI) = 47.0 (4.0-556.4) and 5.5 (1.1-29.0), respectively].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study thus suggested that increased Mn during pregnancy might be a potential risk factor for inducing pregnancy hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hazard Assessment, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kawasaki, Japan. vigeh@h.jniosh.go.jp
authors.forename: Mohsen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vigeh
authors.forename: Kazuhito
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.forename: Katsumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohtani
authors.forename: Felora
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Shahbazi
authors.forename: Takehisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsukawa
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D046110:Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008345:Manganese / Q000097:blood*; D011247:Pregnancy; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D008345:Manganese