title: Micronutrient deficiencies in pediatric and young adult intestinal transplant patients.
abstract: Intestinal transplant recipients are at risk of micronutrient deficiency due to the slow process of post-transplant adaptation. Another contributing factor is calcineurin inhibitor-induced renal tubular dysfunction. Patients are typically supplemented with micronutrients during PN; however, the risk of deficiency may persist even after a successful transition to FEN. The goal was to determine the prevalence of, and associated risk factors for, iron, zinc, magnesium, phosphorus, selenium, copper, folate, and vitamins A, D, E, and B12 deficiency in pediatric intestinal transplant recipients after successful transition to FEN. A retrospective review of prospectively collected data from children who underwent intestinal transplantation at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center was done. Deficiencies of various micronutrients were defined using the hospital reference values. Twenty-one intestinal transplant recipients, aged one to 23 yr, who were successfully transitioned to FEN were included in the study. The prevalence of micronutrient deficiency was 95.2%. The common deficient micronutrients were iron (94.7%) and magnesium (90.5%). Age ≤ 10 yr (p = 0.002) and tube feeding (p = 0.02) were significant risk factors for micronutrient deficiencies. Pediatric intestinal transplant recipients have a high risk of micronutrient and mineral deficiencies. These deficiencies were more common among younger patients and those who received jejunal feeding.
authors.affiliation: Intestinal Care Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Paediatrics, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Agozie C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Ubesie
authors.forename: Conrad R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Cole
authors.forename: Jaimie D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Nathan
authors.forename: Greg M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Tiao
authors.forename: Maria H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Alonso
authors.forename: Adam G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Mezoff
authors.forename: Carol J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Henderson
authors.forename: Samuel A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Kocoshis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000886:Anthropometry; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004750:Enteral Nutrition; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007223:Infant; D007422:Intestines / Q000637:transplantation*; D000090463:Iron Deficiencies; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D008275:Magnesium Deficiency; D008297:Male; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000172:deficiency*; D009752:Nutritional Status; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014180:Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D018977:Micronutrients
keywords: enteral nutrition; intestinal transplant; micronutrient deficiency
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