title: GATA2 and Lmo2 control angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis via direct transcriptional regulation of neuropilin-2.
abstract: GATA-binding protein 2 (GATA2) and LIM domain only 2 (Lmo2) form common transcription complexes during hematopoietic differentiation. Here we show that these two transcription factors also play a key role in endothelial cells (EC) and lymphatic EC (LEC) function. Primary EC and tumor-associated blood vessels expressed GATA2 and Lmo2. VEGF-induced sprouting angiogenesis in both differentiating embryonic stem cells (embryoid bodies) and primary EC increased GATA2 and Lmo2 levels. Conversely, silencing of GATA2 and Lmo2 expression in primary EC inhibited VEGF-induced angiogenic activity, including EC migration and sprouting in vitro, two key steps of angiogenesis in vivo. This inhibition of EC function was associated with downregulated expression of neuropilin-2 (NRP2), a co-receptor of VEGFRs for VEGF, at the protein, mRNA and promoter levels. NRP2 overexpression partially rescued the impaired angiogenic sprouting in the GATA2/Lmo2 knockdown EC, confirming that GATA2 and Lmo2 mediated EC function, at least in part, by directly regulating NRP2 gene expression. Furthermore, it was found that primary LEC expressed GATA2 and Lmo2 as well. Silencing of GATA2 and Lmo2 expression in LEC inhibited VEGF-induced LEC sprouting, also in a NRP2-dependent manner. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that GATA2 and Lmo2 cooperatively regulate VEGF-induced angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis via NRP2.
authors.affiliation: Vascular Biology Program, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Karp Building, Room 12.210, 1 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Coma
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Allard-Ratick
authors.forename: Tomoshige
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akino
authors.forename: Laurens A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: van Meeteren
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mammoto
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Klagsbrun
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D058732:Embryoid Bodies; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D050989:GATA2 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology; D061307:Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; D006801:Humans; D060588:LIM Domain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D042583:Lymphangiogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D008546:Melanoma, Experimental / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology*; D039943:Neuropilin-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D034622:RNA Interference; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000494:pharmacology; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D050989:GATA2 Transcription Factor; D060588:LIM Domain Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D039943:Neuropilin-2; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
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