title: Construction of a prophage-free variant of Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032 for use as a platform strain for basic research and industrial biotechnology.
abstract: The activity of bacteriophages and phage-related mobile elements is a major source for genome rearrangements and genetic instability of their bacterial hosts. The genome of the industrial amino acid producer Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032 contains three prophages (CGP1, CGP2, and CGP3) of so far unknown functionality. Several phage genes are regularly expressed, and the large prophage CGP3 (∼190 kbp) has recently been shown to be induced under certain stress conditions. Here, we present the construction of MB001, a prophage-free variant of C. glutamicum ATCC 13032 with a 6% reduced genome. This strain does not show any unfavorable properties during extensive phenotypic characterization under various standard and stress conditions. As expected, we observed improved growth and fitness of MB001 under SOS-response-inducing conditions that trigger CGP3 induction in the wild-type strain. Further studies revealed that MB001 has a significantly increased transformation efficiency and produced about 30% more of the heterologous model protein enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (eYFP), presumably as a consequence of an increased plasmid copy number. These effects were attributed to the loss of the restriction-modification system (cg1996-cg1998) located within CGP3. The deletion of the prophages without any negative effect results in a novel platform strain for metabolic engineering and represents a useful step toward the construction of a C. glutamicum chassis genome of strain ATCC 13032 for biotechnological applications and synthetic biology.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
authors.forename: Meike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baumgart
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Unthan
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rückert
authors.forename: Jasintha
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sivalingam
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grünberger
authors.forename: Jörn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kalinowski
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bott
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Noack
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Frunzke
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D048230:Corynebacterium glutamicum / Q000235:genetics* / Q000821:virology*; D015280:DNA Restriction-Modification Enzymes; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D018628:Gene Dosage; D005827:Genetics, Microbial / Q000379:methods*; D042822:Genomic Instability; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D050296:Microbial Viability; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010957:Plasmids; D039002:Prophages / Q000235:genetics*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D013014:SOS Response, Genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D014169:Transformation, Bacterial
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D015280:DNA Restriction-Modification Enzymes; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C054562:yellow fluorescent protein, Bacteria
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