title: Update on the management of anorectal malformations.
abstract: Thirty-three years ago, on 10 August 1980, in Mexico City, the first patient with an anorectal malformation was operated on using the posterior sagittal approach. At that time it was not obvious that we were actually opening a "Pandora's box" that continues to give many positive surprises, a few disappointments, and the constant hope that each day we can learn more about how to improve the quality of life of children born with all different types of anorectal malformations. In November 2012, patient number 3000 in our database was operated in the city of Cochabamba, Bolivia; during one of our International Courses of Anorectal Malformations and Colorectal Problems in Children. The goal of this article is to give a brief update on the current management of patients with anorectal malformation, based on the multiple lessons learned during this period.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Surgery, Colorectal Center for Children, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, ML 2023, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA. andrea.bischoff@cchmc.org
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bischoff
authors.forename: Marc A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Levitt
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Peña
mesh_terms: D001003:Anal Canal / Q000601:surgery; D000071056:Anorectal Malformations; D001006:Anus, Imperforate / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D001838:Bolivia; D003125:Colostomy / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008800:Mexico; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis / Q000379:methods; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012007:Rectum / Q000601:surgery
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