title: Paternal involvement and fetal morbidity outcomes in HIV/AIDS: a population-based study.
abstract: Prior research indicates that infants with absent fathers are vulnerable to unfavorable fetal birth outcomes. HIV is a recognized risk factor for adverse birth outcomes. However, the influence of paternal involvement on fetal morbidity outcomes in women with HIV remains poorly understood. Using linked hospital discharge data and vital statistics records for the state of Florida (1998-2007), the authors assessed the association between paternal involvement and fetal growth outcomes (i.e., low birth weight [LBW], very low birth weight [VLBW], preterm birth [PTB], very preterm birth [VPTB], and small for gestational age [SGA]) among HIV-positive mothers (N=4,719). Propensity score matching was used to match cases (absent fathers) to controls (fathers involved). Conditional logistic regression was employed to generate adjusted odds ratios (OR). Mothers of infants with absent fathers were more likely to be Black, younger (<35 years old), and unmarried with at least a high school education (p<.01). They were also more likely to have a history of drug (p<.01) and alcohol (p=.02) abuse. These differences disappeared after propensity score matching. Infants of HIV-positive mothers with absent paternal involvement during pregnancy had elevated risks for adverse fetal outcomes (LBW: OR=1.30, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.05-1.60; VLBW: OR=1.72, 95% CI=1.05-2.82; PTB: OR=1.38, 95% CI=1.13-1.69; VPTB: OR=1.81, 95% CI=1.13-2.90). Absence of fathers increases the likelihood of adverse fetal morbidity outcomes in women with HIV infection. These findings underscore the importance of paternal involvement during pregnancy, especially as an important component of programs for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV.
authors.affiliation: University of Rochester Medical School, Rochester, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Amina P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Alio
authors.affiliation: University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Alfred K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Mbah
authors.affiliation: University of Rochester Medical School, Rochester, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Krupa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Euna M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: August
authors.affiliation: University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dejoy
authors.affiliation: University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Korede
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Adegoke
authors.affiliation: University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Phillip J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Marty
authors.affiliation: University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA hsalihu@health.usf.edu.
authors.forename: Hamisu M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Salihu
authors.affiliation: Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health, Nashville, TN, USA.
authors.forename: Muktar H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Aliyu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005220:Fathers; D005260:Female; D047109:Fetal Development; D005431:Florida; D006679:HIV Seropositivity; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D057216:Propensity Score; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014798:Vital Statistics
keywords: HIV/AIDS; parenting; population based; public health
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