title: Association of interleukin-4 and interleukin-17F polymorphisms in periodontitis in Dravidian ethnicity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Complex network of pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines are known to act in inflamed periodontal tissue. This study explores the distribution of interleukin (IL)-4 (+33 C/T) and IL-17F (7383A/G, 7488A/G) gene polymorphism in chronic and aggressive periodontitis subjects of Dravidian ethnicity.
  
  
  METHODS
  This case control study consisted of 124 periodontitis individuals comprising of 63 chronic and 61 aggressive periodontitis subjects as cases, and control group consisted of 101 healthy subjects. All subjects were genotyped for IL-4 + 33C/T, IL-17F 7383A/G, 7488A/G by polymerase chain reaction amplification followed by TaqMan assay for IL-4 + 33C/T, restriction enzyme digestion and gel electrophoresis for IL-17F 7383A/G and sequencing for IL-17F 7488A/G.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IL-4 + 33C/T was significantly associated with periodontitis (P < 0.05) at both allelic and genotypic level. In subgroup analysis also significant difference (P < 0.05) in allelic distribution between aggressive periodontitis and control group for loci IL-4 + 33C/T was noted. However, there was a lack of association between IL-17F 7383A/G and IL-17F 7488A/G with periodontitis and its sub-groups at both allelic and genotypic levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In Malayalam speaking Dravidian population IL-4 + 33C/T loci appears to be an important risk factor for periodontal disease with a leaning towards aggressive periodontitis. The association between IL-17F at 7383A/G and 7488A/G loci with either chronic or an aggressive periodontitis could not be ascertained.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, Government Dental College, Calicut, India.
authors.forename: Nidhi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.forename: Rosamma
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Joseph
authors.forename: Shabeesh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Balan
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Arun
authors.forename: Moinak
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Banerjee
keywords: Aggressive periodontitis; cytokines; host response; periodontitis; polymorphism
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