title: Incidence rates of surgically treated rhegmatogenous retinal detachment among manual workers, non-manual workers and housewives in Tuscany, Italy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Candidate risk factors for idiopathic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) include heavy manual handling (requiring Valsalva's maneuver). We assessed incidence rates of surgically treated idiopathic RRD among manual workers, non-manual workers and housewives resident in Tuscany, Italy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrieved all hospital discharge records bearing a principal diagnosis corresponding to RRD coupled with retinal surgery for any resident of Tuscany during 1997-2009. After elimination of repeated admissions and patients with coexistent, associated conditions (including recent trauma), subjects aged 25-59 years were classified as manual workers, non-manual workers or housewives. Population data were extracted from the 2001 census.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 1,946 eligible cases (1,142 men). Among men, manual workers experienced a 1.8-fold higher age-standardized rate per 100,000 person-years than non-manual workers [17.4 (95 % confidence interval (CI) 16.1-18.7) vs. 9.8 (95 % CI 8.8-10.8)]. Age-standardized rates among women were 1.9-fold higher for manual workers [11.1 (95 % CI 9.8-12.3)] and 1.7-fold higher for housewives [9.5 (95 % CI 8.3-10.8)] than in non-manual workers [5.7 (95 % CI 4.8-6.6)].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This large population-based study suggests that manual workers are affected by idiopathic RRD requiring surgical treatment more often than non-manual workers. The higher rates of surgically treated RRD experienced by manual workers are in accord with the hypothesis that heavy manual handling may have a causal role.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Curti
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Coggon
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baldasseroni
authors.forename: Robin M T
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Cooke
authors.forename: Michela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fresina
authors.forename: Emilio C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Campos
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Semeraro
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zanardi
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Farioli
authors.forename: Francesco S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Violante
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mattioli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D005260:Female; D006796:Household Work / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D017770:Lifting / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016272:Occupational Health; D009790:Occupations / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012163:Retinal Detachment / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution
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