title: Designing antimicrobial bioactive glass materials with embedded metal ions synthesized by the sol-gel method.
abstract: Bioactive glasses (SiO2-P2O5-CaO) having tailored concentrations of different biocide metal ions (copper or silver) were produced by the sol-gel method. All the particles release phosphorous ions when immersed in water and simulated body fluid (SBF). Moreover, a surface layer of polycrystalline hydroxy-carbonate apatite was formed on the particle surfaces after 10 day immersion in SBF as confirmed by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showing the bioactive materials. Samples with embedded either copper or silver ions were able to further release the biocide ions with a release rate that depends on the metal embedded and the dissolution medium: water or SBF. This biocide ion release from the samples explains the antimicrobial effect of our active particles against Escherichia coli DH5α ampicillin-resistant (Gram-negative) and Streptococcus mutans (Gram-positive) as determined by the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) method. The antimicrobial behavior of the particles depends on the bacteria and the biocide ion used. Noteworthy, although samples with copper are able to release more metal ion than samples with silver, they present higher MBC showing the high effect of silver against these bacteria.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile. hpalza@ing.uchile.cl
authors.forename: Humberto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Palza
authors.forename: Blanca
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Escobar
authors.forename: Julian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bejarano
authors.forename: Denisse
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bravo
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Diaz-Dosque
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Perez
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D005898:Glass / Q000737:chemistry*; D007477:Ions; D008670:Metals / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010316:Particle Size; D044367:Phase Transition / Q000187:drug effects*; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000032:analysis; D012996:Solutions; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000187:drug effects; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D007477:Ions; D008670:Metals; D012996:Solutions; D010758:Phosphorus
keywords: Antimicrobial materials; Bioactive glasses; Copper; Silver; Sol–gel method