title: Transcriptional regulation of guidance at the midline and in motor circuits.
abstract: Axon navigation through the developing body of an embryo is a challenging and exquisitely precise process. Axonal processes within the nervous system harbor extremely complicated internal regulatory mechanisms that enable each of them to respond to environmental cues in a unique way, so that every single neuron has an exact stereotypical localization and axonal projection pattern. Receptors and adhesion molecules expressed on axonal membranes will determine their guidance properties. Axon guidance is thought to be controlled to a large extent through transcription factor codes. These codes would be responsible for the deployment of specific guidance receptors and adhesion molecules on axonal membranes to allow them to reach their targets. Although families of transcriptional regulators as well as families of guidance molecules have been conserved across evolution, their relationships seem to have developed independently. This review focuses on the midline and the neuromuscular system in both vertebrates and Drosophila in which such relationships have been particularly well studied.
authors.affiliation: Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
authors.forename: Aref Arzan
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Zarin
authors.forename: Jamshid
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Asadzadeh
authors.forename: Juan-Pablo
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Labrador
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001369:Axons / Q000502:physiology*; D022081:Cell Surface Extensions / Q000502:physiology; D004330:Drosophila; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D055495:Neurogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014157:Transcription Factors
references.citation: Curr Biol. 2005 Aug 9;15(15):1413-9
references.pmid: 16085495
references.citation: Cell. 2000 Aug 4;102(3):363-75
references.pmid: 10975526
references.citation: Dev Biol. 1985 May;109(1):193-214
references.pmid: 2985457
references.citation: Neuron. 1996 Aug;17(2):217-28
references.pmid: 8780646
references.citation: Development. 2003 Nov;130(22):5385-400
references.pmid: 13129849
references.citation: Cell Mol Life Sci. 2011 Aug;68(15):2539-53
references.pmid: 21538161
references.citation: Annu Rev Neurosci. 2008;31:295-315
references.pmid: 18558857
references.citation: Development. 2012 Jul;139(14):2625-34
references.pmid: 22696295
references.citation: Nat Neurosci. 2011 Nov 27;15(2):205-14
references.pmid: 22119902
references.citation: Cell. 2000 Dec 22;103(7):1033-45
references.pmid: 11163180
references.citation: Nature. 1999 Jan 7;397(6714):76-80
references.pmid: 9892357
references.citation: Development. 2007 Dec;134(24):4491-501
references.pmid: 18039974
references.citation: Neuron. 2000 Mar;25(3):599-610
references.pmid: 10774728
references.citation: Nat Neurosci. 2005 Mar;8(3):297-304
references.pmid: 15746914
references.citation: Neuron. 1999 Jan;22(1):43-52
references.pmid: 10027288
references.citation: Front Mol Neurosci. 2012 May 08;5:62
references.pmid: 22586369
references.citation: Neuron. 2002 May 16;34(4):535-49
references.pmid: 12062038
references.citation: Cell. 2000 Dec 22;103(7):1019-32
references.pmid: 11163179
references.citation: Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2008 Feb;18(1):36-43
references.pmid: 18524570
references.citation: Dev Biol. 2010 Aug 15;344(2):1026-34
references.pmid: 20599893
references.citation: Science. 1998 Jan 2;279(5347):105-7
references.pmid: 9417018
references.citation: Cell. 1996 Oct 18;87(2):175-85
references.pmid: 8861902
references.citation: Dev Biol. 2007 Aug 1;308(1):1-14
references.pmid: 17560562
references.citation: Development. 2012 May;139(10):1798-805
references.pmid: 22461564
references.citation: Development. 2008 May;135(10):1833-41
references.pmid: 18417618
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2010 Nov 17;30(46):15546-57
references.pmid: 21084609
references.citation: Neuron. 2004 Feb 5;41(3):337-50
references.pmid: 14766174
references.citation: Science. 1990 Nov 16;250(4983):985-8
references.pmid: 2237443
references.citation: Curr Biol. 2007 Sep 18;17(18):1574-9
references.pmid: 17764943
references.citation: Curr Biol. 2010 Mar 23;20(6):567-72
references.pmid: 20206526
references.citation: Genes Dev. 1996 Mar 15;10(6):647-58
references.pmid: 8598293
references.citation: Cell. 1999 Mar 19;96(6):795-806
references.pmid: 10102268
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2006 May 24;26(21):5756-66
references.pmid: 16723533
references.citation: Development. 2004 Nov;131(21):5233-42
references.pmid: 15456721
references.citation: Neuron. 2012 May 24;74(4):676-90
references.pmid: 22632726
references.citation: Development. 2006 Apr;133(8):1445-55
references.pmid: 16540509
references.citation: Development. 2010 Jul;137(13):2139-46
references.pmid: 20504957
references.citation: Neuron. 2003 May 22;38(4):581-96
references.pmid: 12765610
references.citation: Genes Dev. 2010 Feb 15;24(4):396-410
references.pmid: 20159958
references.citation: Curr Top Dev Biol. 2009;88:169-200
references.pmid: 19651305
references.citation: Neuron. 2006 Jun 15;50(6):841-53
references.pmid: 16772167
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2005 Nov 2;25(44):10119-30
references.pmid: 16267219
references.citation: Dev Biol. 2007 Jan 15;301(2):542-54
references.pmid: 17126316
references.citation: Neuron. 2008 Dec 26;60(6):1039-53
references.pmid: 19109910
references.citation: J Neurosci. 1985 Sep;5(9):2345-58
references.pmid: 4032000
references.citation: Cell. 2003 Sep 5;114(5):545-57
references.pmid: 13678579
references.citation: Nature. 2009 Apr 16;458(7240):885-9
references.pmid: 19287374
references.citation: Nature. 2006 Nov 16;444(7117):369-73
references.pmid: 17086203
references.citation: Development. 2003 Apr;130(7):1243-54
references.pmid: 12588842
references.citation: Dev Biol. 2006 Mar 15;291(2):253-63
references.pmid: 16458285
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2002 Nov 1;22(21):9143-9
references.pmid: 12417636
references.citation: Cell. 1996 Jan 26;84(2):309-20
references.pmid: 8565076
references.citation: Mech Dev. 1997 Mar;62(2):147-60
references.pmid: 9152007
references.citation: Neuron. 1999 Aug;23(4):659-74
references.pmid: 10482234
references.citation: Neuron. 1999 Aug;23(4):675-87
references.pmid: 10482235
references.citation: Neuron. 1996 Aug;17(2):203-15
references.pmid: 8780645
references.citation: Neuron. 2002 Jul 3;35(1):39-50
references.pmid: 12123607
references.citation: Dev Dyn. 2004 Sep;231(1):43-56
references.pmid: 15305286
references.citation: Nat Rev Neurosci. 2003 Apr;4(4):289-97
references.pmid: 12671645
references.citation: Cell. 1994 Dec 16;79(6):957-70
references.pmid: 7528105
references.citation: Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1985 Mar 22;224(1234):57-77
references.pmid: 2581263
references.citation: Cell. 1996 Dec 13;87(6):1049-58
references.pmid: 8978609
references.citation: Genes Dev. 2009 May 15;23(10):1165-70
references.pmid: 19451216
references.citation: Development. 2005 May;132(9):2147-55
references.pmid: 15788459
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2009 Mar 18;29(11):3463-74
references.pmid: 19295152
references.citation: Cell. 1998 Dec 11;95(6):817-28
references.pmid: 9865699
references.citation: Cell. 1996 Oct 18;87(2):197-204
references.pmid: 8861904
references.citation: Development. 2003 Aug;130(16):3891-902
references.pmid: 12835403
references.citation: Neuron. 2012 Nov 21;76(4):735-49
references.pmid: 23177959
references.citation: Mech Dev. 2002 Aug;116(1-2):105-16
references.pmid: 12128210
references.citation: PLoS One. 2008 May 21;3(5):e2197
references.pmid: 18493305
references.citation: Mol Cell Neurosci. 1997;9(4):293-313
references.pmid: 9268507
references.citation: Development. 1997 Apr;124(8):1561-71
references.pmid: 9108372
references.citation: Mol Cell Neurosci. 2004 Sep;27(1):59-69
references.pmid: 15345243
references.citation: Development. 2013 Jan 1;140(1):93-106
references.pmid: 23222439
references.citation: Nature. 2003 Oct 30;425(6961):926-33
references.pmid: 14586461
references.citation: Cell. 2003 Apr 4;113(1):11-23
references.pmid: 12679031
references.citation: Cell. 1994 Aug 12;78(3):425-35
references.pmid: 8062385
references.citation: Cell. 2005 Nov 4;123(3):477-91
references.pmid: 16269338
references.citation: Development. 2002 Mar;129(6):1317-25
references.pmid: 11880341
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2008 Feb 27;28(9):2131-46
references.pmid: 18305247
references.citation: Annu Rev Neurosci. 2002;25:251-81
references.pmid: 12052910
references.citation: Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2010 Mar;2(3):a001735
references.pmid: 20300210
references.citation: PLoS Biol. 2008 Jun 10;6(6):e142
references.pmid: 18547144
references.citation: J Neurobiol. 2000 Jan;42(1):104-16
references.pmid: 10623905
references.citation: Nature. 2000 Aug 3;406(6795):515-9
references.pmid: 10952312
references.citation: Nature. 1988 Dec 22-29;336(6201):775-8
references.pmid: 3205306
references.citation: Cell. 2004 Apr 16;117(2):157-69
references.pmid: 15084255
references.citation: Nat Rev Neurosci. 2002 May;3(5):383-94
references.pmid: 11988777
references.citation: J Physiol. 1978 Nov;284:391-414
references.pmid: 731552
references.citation: Neuron. 2001 Nov 20;32(4):605-17
references.pmid: 11719202
references.citation: Cell. 2010 Feb 5;140(3):409-20
references.pmid: 20144763
references.citation: Neuron. 2001 May;30(2):411-22
references.pmid: 11395003
references.citation: Cell. 2008 Jul 25;134(2):304-16
references.pmid: 18662545
references.citation: Neuron. 2011 Jul 14;71(1):76-91
references.pmid: 21745639
references.citation: Cell. 2002 Aug 23;110(4):415-27
references.pmid: 12202032
references.citation: Development. 2008 Aug;135(15):2489-503
references.pmid: 18621990
references.citation: Nat Neurosci. 2005 Feb;8(2):156-63
references.pmid: 15657595
references.citation: Neuron. 2008 Aug 14;59(3):413-24
references.pmid: 18701067
references.citation: Neuron. 2003 Sep 11;39(6):919-35
references.pmid: 12971893
references.citation: Brain Behav Evol. 1998;51(2):90-9
references.pmid: 9491275
references.citation: Cell. 2000 Jul 21;102(2):161-73
references.pmid: 10943837
references.citation: Cell. 2004 Nov 12;119(4):567-78
references.pmid: 15537545
references.citation: Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2003 Feb;13(1):42-9
references.pmid: 12593981
references.citation: J Comp Neurol. 2004 Jan 19;468(4):467-81
references.pmid: 14689480
references.citation: Cell. 1998 Jan 23;92(2):205-15
references.pmid: 9458045
references.citation: Cell. 1996 Dec 13;87(6):1001-14
references.pmid: 8978605
references.citation: Neuron. 2004 Apr 22;42(2):213-23
references.pmid: 15091338
references.citation: Nature. 1988 May 26;333(6171):376-8
references.pmid: 3374572
references.citation: Neuron. 2011 Jun 9;70(5):966-78
references.pmid: 21658588
references.citation: Gene Expr Patterns. 2004 Jan;4(1):99-103
references.pmid: 14678835
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2003 Mar 15;23(6):1987-91
references.pmid: 12657654
references.citation: Exp Cell Res. 2010 Nov 1;316(18):3019-27
references.pmid: 20673829
references.citation: Neuron. 2008 May 8;58(3):325-32
references.pmid: 18466743
references.citation: Neural Dev. 2009 Jun 19;4:21
references.pmid: 19545367
references.citation: Cell. 2012 Feb 3;148(3):568-82
references.pmid: 22304922
references.citation: Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2006 Feb;17(1):3-11
references.pmid: 16356739
references.citation: Neuron. 2001 Aug 2;31(2):219-32
references.pmid: 11502254
references.citation: Nat Rev Genet. 2000 Oct;1(1):20-9
references.pmid: 11262869
references.citation: Cell. 2001 Mar 23;104(6):861-73
references.pmid: 11290324
references.citation: Dev Biol. 2002 Dec 1;252(1):1-14
references.pmid: 12453456
references.citation: Neuron. 2006 Apr 6;50(1):35-47
references.pmid: 16600854
references.citation: Neuron. 1993 Mar;10(3):409-26
references.pmid: 8461134
references.citation: Development. 2012 Apr;139(8):1435-46
references.pmid: 22399681
references.citation: Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2010 Aug;2(8):a002055
references.pmid: 20534708
references.citation: Development. 2007 Feb;134(3):439-48
references.pmid: 17185317
references.citation: Neuron. 2005 Dec 22;48(6):949-64
references.pmid: 16364899
references.citation: Curr Biol. 2010 Dec 7;20(23):2150-6
references.pmid: 21109439
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2007 Jun 6;27(23):6115-27
references.pmid: 17553984
references.citation: J Neurosci. 1995 Jul;15(7 Pt 1):4727-37
references.pmid: 7623106
references.citation: Neuron. 2002 May 16;34(4):551-62
references.pmid: 12062039
references.citation: Nat Neurosci. 2012 Dec;15(12):1636-44
references.pmid: 23103965
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2008 Jun 4;28(23):5910-9
references.pmid: 18524895
references.citation: Science. 2005 Sep 30;309(5744):2222-6
references.pmid: 16195464
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2012 Apr 11;32(15):5209-15
references.pmid: 22496566
references.citation: Genes Dev. 2002 May 15;16(10):1220-33
references.pmid: 12023301
references.citation: Science. 2009 May 15;324(5929):944-7
references.pmid: 19325078
references.citation: Nat Rev Neurosci. 2007 May;8(5):331-40
references.pmid: 17453014
references.citation: Development. 2005 Dec;132(24):5527-37
references.pmid: 16291793
references.citation: Science. 1998 Jun 26;280(5372):2118-21
references.pmid: 9641918
references.citation: Science. 2008 Apr 11;320(5873):233-6
references.pmid: 18403711