title: The Antarctic Chlamydomonas raudensis: an emerging model for cold adaptation of photosynthesis.
abstract: Permanently cold habitats dominate our planet and psychrophilic microorganisms thrive in cold environments. Environmental adaptations unique to psychrophilic microorganisms have been thoroughly described; however, the vast majority of studies to date have focused on cold-adapted bacteria. The combination of low temperatures in the presence of light is one of the most damaging environmental stresses for a photosynthetic organism: in order to survive, photopsychrophiles (i.e. photosynthetic organisms adapted to low temperatures) balance temperature-independent reactions of light energy capture/transduction with downstream temperature-dependent metabolic processes such as carbon fixation. Here, we review research on photopsychrophiles with a focus on an emerging model organism, Chlamydomonas raudensis UWO241 (UWO241). UWO241 is a psychrophilic green algal species and is a member of the photosynthetic microbial eukaryote community that provides the majority of fixed carbon for ice-covered lake ecosystems located in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica. The water column exerts a range of environmental stressors on the phytoplankton community that inhabits this aquatic ecosystem, including low temperatures, extreme shade of an unusual spectral range (blue-green), high salinity, nutrient deprivation and extremes in seasonal photoperiod. More than two decades of work on UWO241 have produced one of our most comprehensive views of environmental adaptation in a cold-adapted, photosynthetic microbial eukaryote.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Miami University, 700 E High St., 32 Pearson Hall, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
authors.forename: Jenna M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Dolhi
authors.forename: Denis P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Maxwell
authors.forename: Rachael M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Morgan-Kiss
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000864:Antarctic Regions; D002696:Chlamydomonas / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D055873:Extreme Cold; D060106:Lakes / Q000382:microbiology; D010788:Photosynthesis
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