title: Traditional dietary pattern of South America is linked to breast cancer: an ongoing case-control study in Argentina.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several studies have shown the effect of dietary patterns on breast cancer risk, but none has been conducted in Argentina. The aim of this study was to extract dietary patterns from Food Frequency Questioner, to estimate their effect on breast cancer occurrence while taking into account aggregation factors (family history of breast cancer) and to explore the sensitivity of the estimates to changes in the assumptions.
  
  
  METHODS
  A principal component exploratory factor analysis was applied to identify dietary patterns, which were then included as covariates in a multilevel logistic regression. Family history of BC was considered as a clustering variable. A multiple probabilistic sensitivity analysis was also performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study included 100 cases and 294 controls. Four dietary patterns were identified. Traditional (fat meats, bakery products, and vegetable oil and mayonnaise) (OR III tertile vs I 3.13, 95% CI 2.58-3.78), Rural (processed meat) (OR III tertile vs I 2.02, 95% CI 1.21-3.37) and Starchy (refined grains) (OR III tertile vs I 1.82, 95 % CI 1.18-2.79) dietary patterns were positively associated with BC risk, whereas the Prudent pattern (fruit and non-starchy vegetables) (OR III tertile vs I 0.56, 95% CI 0.41-0.77) showed a protective effect. For Traditional pattern, the median bias-adjusted ORs (3.52) were higher than the conventional (2.76).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While the Prudent pattern was associated with a reduced risk of BC, Traditional, Rural and Starchy patterns showed a promoting effect. Despite the threats to validity, the nature of associations was not strongly affected.
authors.affiliation: Statistics and Biostatistics Unit, School of Nutrition, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina, nataliatumas@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tumas
authors.forename: Camila
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Niclis
authors.forename: Laura R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Aballay
authors.forename: Alberto R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Osella
authors.forename: María del Pilar
authors.initials: Mdel P
authors.lastname: Díaz
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001118:Argentina / Q000453:epidemiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003469:Culture; D004032:Diet; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002149:Energy Intake; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D005502:Food; D005638:Fruit; D006801:Humans; D008460:Meat; D008593:Menopause; D008875:Middle Aged; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012307:Risk Factors; D013213:Starch / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014675:Vegetables
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D010938:Plant Oils; D013213:Starch
references.citation: Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2013 Feb;137(3):869-82
references.pmid: 23274845
references.citation: Am J Epidemiol. 1993 Dec 15;138(12):1050-6
references.pmid: 8266907
references.citation: Epidemiology. 2007 Jan;18(1):137-57
references.pmid: 17130685
references.citation: Arch Latinoam Nutr. 1997 Sep;47(3):276-81
references.pmid: 9673686
references.citation: BMC Public Health. 2012 May 21;12:368
references.pmid: 22612880
references.citation: CA Cancer J Clin. 2005 Mar-Apr;55(2):74-108
references.pmid: 15761078
references.citation: Cancer Causes Control. 2005 Aug;16(6):725-33
references.pmid: 16049811
references.citation: Eur J Cancer Prev. 2010 Nov;19(6):478-84
references.pmid: 20736839
references.citation: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2004 Apr;13(4):567-72
references.pmid: 15066921
references.citation: Ann Oncol. 2005 Mar;16(3):489-511
references.pmid: 15668262
references.citation: Obes Rev. 2001 May;2(2):99-106
references.pmid: 12119667
references.citation: Am J Clin Nutr. 2010 May;91(5):1294-302
references.pmid: 20219961
references.citation: Int J Cancer. 2009 Jan 1;124(1):174-9
references.pmid: 18814239
references.citation: JAMA. 2001 Feb 14;285(6):769-76
references.pmid: 11176915
references.citation: Am J Epidemiol. 1996 Mar 15;143(6):543-52
references.pmid: 8610671
references.citation: Int J Cancer. 2006 Oct 1;119(7):1672-8
references.pmid: 16708380
references.citation: Cancer Causes Control. 2001 Dec;12(10):917-25
references.pmid: 11808711
references.citation: Int J Cancer. 2009 Mar 15;124(6):1391-7
references.pmid: 19058195
references.citation: JAMA. 1998 Feb 18;279(7):535-40
references.pmid: 9480365
references.citation: Nutr Hosp. 2010 Nov-Dec;25(6):954-8
references.pmid: 21519766
references.citation: BMC Cancer. 2012 Mar 29;12:122
references.pmid: 22455370
references.citation: Ann Epidemiol. 2008 Jun;18(6):467-75
references.pmid: 18440826
references.citation: Cad Saude Publica. 2003 Nov-Dec;19(6):1593-601
references.pmid: 14999326
references.citation: J Nutr. 2003 Dec;133(12):4246-51
references.pmid: 14652380
references.citation: Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2010;11(2):519-24
references.pmid: 20843144
references.citation: Nutr Res Rev. 2010 Dec;23(2):349-65
references.pmid: 21110906
references.citation: Br J Cancer. 1998 May;77(9):1525-36
references.pmid: 9652773
references.citation: Cancer Sci. 2011 Sep;102(9):1607-14
references.pmid: 21624009
references.citation: Int J Cancer. 1989 Nov 15;44(5):770-6
references.pmid: 2583858
references.citation: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2005 Jan;14(1):27-32
references.pmid: 15668472
references.citation: Lancet Oncol. 2012 Nov;13(11):1141-51
references.pmid: 23084519
references.citation: Ann Epidemiol. 2005 Nov;15(10):789-95
references.pmid: 16257363
references.citation: J Epidemiol Community Health. 2000 May;54(5):367-74
references.pmid: 10814658
references.citation: Int J Environ Health Res. 2012;22(3):220-31
references.pmid: 22017596
references.citation: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2007 Jul;16(7):1443-8
references.pmid: 17623805
references.citation: J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2001 Sep;20(3):365-70
references.pmid: 11718216
references.citation: Am J Epidemiol. 2010 Dec 1;172(11):1268-79
references.pmid: 20937636
references.citation: Int J Cancer. 2008 Feb 1;122(3):609-13
references.pmid: 17764109
references.citation: Front Biosci (Schol Ed). 2012 Jan 01;4:90-108
references.pmid: 22202045
references.citation: Am J Clin Nutr. 2009 Sep;90(3):621-8
references.pmid: 19587089
references.citation: Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Apr;87(4):978-84
references.pmid: 18400722
references.citation: Int J Cancer. 2005 Jan 1;113(1):148-57
references.pmid: 15386435
references.citation: Br J Cancer. 2008 Mar 11;98(5):992-6
references.pmid: 18301401
references.citation: Science. 1981 Nov 6;214(4521):604, 606
references.pmid: 7292001
references.citation: Int J Cancer. 2005 Aug 10;116(1):116-21
references.pmid: 15756679
references.citation: Cancer Causes Control. 2002 Nov;13(9):831-8
references.pmid: 12462548
references.citation: Cancer Causes Control. 2011 Mar;22(3):407-15
references.pmid: 21184264
references.citation: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2007 Oct;16(10):2144-9
references.pmid: 17932363
references.citation: Neoplasma. 1991;38(3):357-66
references.pmid: 1857455
references.citation: Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2010;11(5):1187-93
references.pmid: 21198261
references.citation: Eur J Cancer. 1998 Aug;34(9):1403-9
references.pmid: 9849424
references.citation: Nutr Rev. 2009 Jun;67(6):297-314
references.pmid: 19519672
references.citation: Front Oncol. 2012 Oct 04;2:123
references.pmid: 23061041
references.citation: Med Oncol. 2011 Jun;28(2):441-6
references.pmid: 20364336
references.citation: Int J Cancer. 1998 Jul 3;77(1):24-8
references.pmid: 9639389
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 1994 Jan 13;330(2):81-7
references.pmid: 8259187
references.citation: Ann Epidemiol. 2007 Apr;17(4):304-12
references.pmid: 17174568
references.citation: Epidemiol Rev. 1993;15(1):36-47
references.pmid: 8405211
references.citation: PLoS One. 2012;7(12):e51446
references.pmid: 23236502
references.citation: Am J Epidemiol. 1998 Feb 1;147(3):273-80
references.pmid: 9482502
references.citation: Br J Cancer. 2011 Feb 1;104(3):524-31
references.pmid: 21157446
references.citation: Gynecol Obstet Fertil. 2005 Oct;33(10):739-44
references.pmid: 16139543
references.citation: Eur J Cancer Prev. 2009 Aug;18(4):259-66
references.pmid: 19404198
references.citation: Cancer Causes Control. 2011 Feb;22(2):273-82
references.pmid: 21110223
references.citation: Eur J Nutr. 2012 Sep;51(6):755-64
references.pmid: 21990003
references.citation: Int J Cancer. 2009 Jul 1;125(1):181-8
references.pmid: 19358284
references.citation: Lancet. 2011 Aug 27;378(9793):804-14
references.pmid: 21872749
references.citation: Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 Dec;82(6):1308-19
references.pmid: 16332665
references.citation: Nutrition. 2004 Oct;20(10):873-7
references.pmid: 15474875
references.citation: Int J Cancer. 2009 Aug 1;125(3):662-5
references.pmid: 19452516
references.citation: J Natl Cancer Inst. 2007 Dec 5;99(23):1782-92
references.pmid: 18042936
references.citation: Rev Fac Cien Med Univ Nac Cordoba. 2000;57(1):67-74
references.pmid: 11188856
references.citation: Eur J Cancer Prev. 2010 Mar;19(2):94-9
references.pmid: 20051872