title: Structural and functional properties of platelet-derived growth factor and stem cell factor receptors.
abstract: The receptors for platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and stem cell factor (SCF) are members of the type III class of PTK receptors, which are characterized by five Ig-like domains extracellularly and a split kinase domain intracellularly. The receptors are activated by ligand-induced dimerization, leading to autophosphorylation on specific tyrosine residues. Thereby the kinase activities of the receptors are activated and docking sites for downstream SH2 domain signal transduction molecules are created; activation of these pathways promotes cell growth, survival, and migration. These receptors mediate important signals during the embryonal development, and control tissue homeostasis in the adult. Their overactivity is seen in malignancies and other diseases involving excessive cell proliferation, such as atherosclerosis and fibrotic diseases. In cancer, mutations of PDGF and SCF receptors-including gene fusions, point mutations, and amplifications-drive subpopulations of certain malignancies, such as gastrointestinal stromal tumors, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, hypereosinophilic syndrome, glioblastoma, acute myeloid leukemia, mastocytosis, and melanoma.
authors.affiliation: Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Uppsala University, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden. c-h.heldin@licr.uu.se
authors.forename: Carl-Henrik
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Heldin
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lennartsson
mesh_terms: D019281:Dimerization; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary / Q000235:genetics; D019009:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D016184:Receptors, Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000235:genetics; D017479:Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D013379:Substrate Specificity
chemical_list: D008565:Membrane Proteins; D016184:Receptors, Colony-Stimulating Factor; C084881:flt3 ligand protein; D019009:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit; D017479:Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor
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