title: Tocilizumab treatment for refractory uveitis-related cystoid macular edema.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This retrospective study investigated the efficacy of tocilizumab (TCZ), a fully humanized antibody that binds both to soluble and membrane bound IL-6 receptors, for the treatment of uveitis-related cystoid macular edema (CME) refractory to immunomodulatory therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five refractory patients with uveitis-related CME who received TCZ between January and August 2012 were included. All patients received 8 mg/kg TCZ at 4-week intervals. Data regarding patient demographics, use of immunosuppressive drugs, biologic agents or intravitreal therapies prior to TCZ infusions were collected. Main outcome measure was central foveal thickness (CFT) measured by optical coherence tomography at 6 months. Secondary outcome measures were degree of anterior and posterior chamber inflammation (Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature Working Group criteria) and visual acuity (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution [log-MAR]) at month 6. Adverse events (AEs) related to TCZ therapy were also assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight eyes from five patients (all females) were included. Mean age was 49.4 years (range, 30-68). Mean follow-up was 8.4 months (range, 6-12). Before TCZ, all patients received and failed conventional immunosuppressive therapy and had received at least another biologic agent. Uveitis diagnoses were Birdshot chorioretinopathy (n = 3), juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)-associated uveitis (n = 1), and idiopathic panuveitis (n = 1). Mean evolution of CME was 13.4 years (range, 2-30). Mean baseline CFT (95% confidence interval) was 602 ± 236 μm at baseline, 386 ± 113 μm at month 1 (p = 0.006), 323 ± 103 μm at month 3 (p = 0.026), and 294.5 ± 94.5 μm at month 6 (p = 0.014). Median best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improved from 0.66 ± 0.57 at baseline to 0.47 ± 0.62 at month 6 (p = 0.035). After 6 months, an improvement of ≥ 2 lines of BCVA was observed in 50% of eyes (p = 0.028) remained stable in 25% and worsened in none of the patients. Sustained uveitis remission was achieved in all patients. No AEs were reported.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that TCZ is effective for treating CME in otherwise treatment-refractory cases of uveitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Universitat of Barcelona, Sabino de Arana, 1 08028, Barcelona, Spain, amadan@clinic.ub.es.
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Adán
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mesquida
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Llorenç
authors.forename: Gerard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Espinosa
authors.forename: Blanca
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Molins
authors.forename: Maria V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Hernández
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pelegrín
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004351:Drug Resistance; D005260:Female; D005584:Fovea Centralis / Q000473:pathology; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008269:Macular Edema / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D019947:Receptors, Interleukin-6 / Q000276:immunology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014605:Uveitis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D019947:Receptors, Interleukin-6; C502936:tocilizumab
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