title: Overexpression of CARM1 in breast cancer is correlated with poorly characterized clinicopathologic parameters and molecular subtypes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 (CARM1) belongs to the protein arginine methyltransferase family. CARM1 has been reported to be associated with high grade tumors in breast cancer. It still remains unknown the expression pattern of CARM1 in breast cancer and its relationships with clinicopathological characteristics and molecular subtypes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred forty-seven invasive breast cancer cases were collected and prepared for tissue array. There were thirty-seven tumors with benign glandular epithelium adjacent to the tumors among these cases. Molecular subtype and CARM1 expression were investigated using immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cell staining was observed in the cytoplasm and/or nucleus. Staining for CARM1 was significantly stronger in adenocarcinoma compared with adjacent benign epithelium. There is a significant correlation between CARM1 overexpression with young age, high grade, estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) negative, increased p53 expression, and high Ki-67 index. Our study demonstrated CARM1 overexpression was associated with an increase in the protein expression of HER2. Furthermore, our data indicated CARM1-overexpression rate were remarkably higher in HER2 subtype (69.6%), luminal B subtype (59.6%) and TN subtype (57.1%) compared with luminal A subtype (41.3%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CARM1 expression was increased in invasive breast cancer. CARM1 overexpression was associated with poorly characterized clinicopathologic parameters and HER2 overexpression. There were significant differences between different molecular subtypes in their relationship to CARM1 overexpression. Our results support the value of using CARM1 in prognostic stratification of breast cancer patients and its potential therapeutic implications in targeting treatment.
  The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/4116338491022965.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Shandong University School of Medicine, 44#, Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, People's Republic of China. zhougy@sdu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Hongxia
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Yejun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Xiaofang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Gengyin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000145:classification / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000145:classification / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011484:Protein-Arginine N-Methyltransferases / Q000032:analysis*; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000032:analysis; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000032:analysis; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000032:analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000032:analysis; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D011484:Protein-Arginine N-Methyltransferases; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; C495901:TP53 protein, human; C119966:coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1; C508053:ERBB2 protein, human
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