title: Maturation of cognitive control: delineating response inhibition and interference suppression.
abstract: Cognitive control is integral to the ability to attend to a relevant task whilst suppressing distracting information or inhibiting prepotent responses. The current study examined the development of these two subprocesses by examining electrophysiological indices elicited during each process. Thirteen 18 year-old adults and thirteen children aged 8-11 years (mean=9.77 years) completed a hybrid Go/Nogo flanker task while continuous EEG data were recorded. The N2 topography for both response inhibition and interference suppression changed with increasing age. The neural activation associated with response inhibition became increasingly frontally distributed with age, and showed decreases of both amplitude and peak latency from childhood to adulthood, possibly due to reduced cognitive demands and myelination respectively occurring during this period. Interestingly, a significant N2 effect was apparent in adults, but not observed in children during trials requiring interference suppression. This could be due to more diffuse activation in children, which would require smaller levels of activation over a larger region of the brain than is reported in adults. Overall, these results provide evidence of distinct maturational processes occurring throughout late childhood and adolescence, highlighting the separability of response inhibition and interference suppression.
authors.affiliation: Neurocognitive Development Unit, School of Psychology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. brydgc01@student.uwa.edu.au
authors.forename: Christopher R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Brydges
authors.forename: Mike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Corinne L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Reid
authors.forename: Allison M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Fox
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D041923:Adolescent Development / Q000502:physiology*; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology*; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011930:Reaction Time
references.citation: Neuropsychologia. 2002;40(7):970-7
references.pmid: 11900749
references.citation: Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1992 Jun;82(6):477-82
references.pmid: 1375556
references.citation: Cereb Cortex. 2001 Sep;11(9):825-36
references.pmid: 11532888
references.citation: Psychol Sci. 2006 Feb;17(2):172-9
references.pmid: 16466426
references.citation: Brain. 2002 Jul;125(Pt 7):1616-23
references.pmid: 12077010
references.citation: Psychophysiology. 1991 Mar;28(2):240-4
references.pmid: 1946890
references.citation: Early Hum Dev. 2007 Apr;83(4):247-54
references.pmid: 16837146
references.citation: Dev Psychobiol. 2009 Nov;51(7):533-43
references.pmid: 19685486
references.citation: Int J Neurosci. 2004 Oct;114(10):1291-311
references.pmid: 15370187
references.citation: Brain. 1999 May;122 ( Pt 5):981-91
references.pmid: 10355680
references.citation: Hum Brain Mapp. 2005 Jul;25(3):317-27
references.pmid: 15834860
references.citation: BMC Neurosci. 2004 Oct 22;5:39
references.pmid: 15500693
references.citation: Neuropsychologia. 2002;40(8):1240-53
references.pmid: 11931927
references.citation: Neuron. 2002 Jan 17;33(2):301-11
references.pmid: 11804576
references.citation: Brain. 2011 Feb;134(Pt 2):449-63
references.pmid: 21193486
references.citation: Psychol Bull. 2000 Mar;126(2):220-46
references.pmid: 10748641
references.citation: Hum Brain Mapp. 2000 Jul;10(3):120-31
references.pmid: 10912591
references.citation: Dev Neuropsychol. 2007;31(3):249-78
references.pmid: 17559326
references.citation: Biol Psychol. 2001 Dec;58(3):229-62
references.pmid: 11698116
references.citation: Psychophysiology. 1986 Nov;23(6):695-703
references.pmid: 3823345
references.citation: Cogn Psychol. 2000 Aug;41(1):49-100
references.pmid: 10945922
references.citation: PLoS One. 2012;7(3):e34482
references.pmid: 22470574
references.citation: Cereb Cortex. 2009 Mar;19(3):640-57
references.pmid: 18653667
references.citation: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2002 Oct;41(10):1231-8
references.pmid: 12364845
references.citation: Child Dev. 1988 Apr;59(2):523-7
references.pmid: 3359870
references.citation: Brain Cogn. 2004 Nov;56(2):129-40
references.pmid: 15518930
references.citation: Physiol Rev. 2008 Jan;88(1):37-57
references.pmid: 18195082
references.citation: Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). 2006 Apr;59(4):745-59
references.pmid: 16707360
references.citation: Psychophysiology. 2011 Oct;48(10):1405-11
references.pmid: 21457276
references.citation: Brain. 2012 Apr;135(Pt 4):1293-307
references.pmid: 22427332
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Jul 6;96(14):8301-6
references.pmid: 10393989
references.citation: J Exp Psychol Gen. 2004 Mar;133(1):101-135
references.pmid: 14979754
references.citation: Hum Brain Mapp. 1997;5(4):238-42
references.pmid: 20408222
references.citation: Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 1999 Sep;81(2):F116-21
references.pmid: 10448179
references.citation: Neuropsychologia. 2006;44(11):2017-36
references.pmid: 16527316
references.citation: Nature. 1999 Nov 11;402(6758):179-81
references.pmid: 10647008
references.citation: Brain. 1995 Feb;118 ( Pt 1):279-306
references.pmid: 7895011
references.citation: Clin Neurophysiol. 2007 May;118(5):1069-77
references.pmid: 17368096
references.citation: Biol Psychol. 2000 Oct;54(1-3):241-57
references.pmid: 11035225
references.citation: Brain. 2010 Dec;133(Pt 12):3625-34
references.pmid: 20855421
references.citation: Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci. 2007 Dec;7(4):367-79
references.pmid: 18189010
references.citation: Cereb Cortex. 2010 Mar;20(3):534-48
references.pmid: 19520764
references.citation: Dev Sci. 2009 Mar;12(2):272-88
references.pmid: 19143800
references.citation: Brain Res Cogn Brain Res. 2004 Jul;20(2):132-43
references.pmid: 15183386
references.citation: Acta Psychol (Amst). 1999 Apr;101(2-3):267-91
references.pmid: 10344188
references.citation: Brain. 1996 Oct;119 ( Pt 5):1763-74
references.pmid: 8931596
references.citation: PLoS One. 2012;7(4):e32316
references.pmid: 22514599
references.citation: J Neurocytol. 2002 Mar-Jun;31(3-5):373-85
references.pmid: 12815254