title: Reconstruction of isolated mandibular bone defects with non-vascularized corticocancellous bone autograft and graft viability.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to discuss the use of non-vascularized bone grafts in mandibular reconstruction and their viability.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, 11 patients with mandibular defect treated by surgery using non-vascularized bone grafts between 2011 and 2012 were reviewed. All patients underwent preoperative and postoperative 3-dimensional computerized tomography scan for surgical planning and evaluation of success after surgery. Grafts were used for defects caused by mandible tumors in 2 patients and firearm injuries in 9 patients. Reconstruction was achieved by using various non-vascularized bones, including iliac crest, fibula and scapula. To improve graft supply, periosteum of the grafts was spared and multiple bores were created on the graft during surgery by drilling. At the postoperative period, Dextran 70 and Bencyclane Hydrogen Fumarate was given in order to enhance micro-circulation. On the postoperative day 5, 15 and 30, Tc-99m methylenediphosphonate scintigraph, blood-pool single photon emission computed tomography and it's bone phase were performed in order to assess viability of bone grafts greater than 3cm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age was 32. 27±13.33 (min=10-max=56). Of the 11 patients, 10 (90. 9%) were men and 1 (9. 1%) was woman. Mandibular defects were at right corpus in 3 patients; at right ramus and angulus in 1 patient; at left corpus in 1 patient; at left ramus and angulus in 1 patient; at left ramus, angulus and corpus in 1 patient; left parasymphysis in 1 patient; at bilateral corpus in 1 patient; at symphysis in 1 patient and at whole segment from right corpus to left one in 1 patient. The following grafts were used: iliac crest grafts in 9 cases, scapula graft in 1 case and fibula graft in 1 case. The smallest graft used was 1×2cm in size, while the greatest, single piece graft was 7cm in size. The greatest multi-piece graft was a fibula graft of 14cm in length. All grafts with a size of 3 and 7cm had been supplied at the end of first month. No bone resorption or donor site morbidity was observed in any patient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Non-vascular bone grafts can be successfully used in isolated bone defects of mandible in case of appropriate graft selection for fitting anatomical region. A single piece iliac crest grafts up to 7cm can be revascularized in long-term.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Mustafa Kemal University Medical Faculty, Hatay, Turkey. Electronic address: ercanakbay@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Ercan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Akbay
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Mustafa Kemal University Medical Faculty, Hatay, Turkey.
authors.forename: Fusun
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Aydogan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D064592:Autografts / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005360:Fibula / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000637:transplantation*; D006801:Humans; D007085:Ilium / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000637:transplantation*; D008297:Male; D008339:Mandibular Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D063175:Mandibular Reconstruction / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012540:Scapula / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000637:transplantation*; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014948:Wounds, Gunshot / Q000601:surgery*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Fibula; Iliac crest; Mandibular reconstruction; Non-vascularized bone grafts; Scapula