title: Biological and other health related correlates of long-term life dissatisfaction burden.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mental health is interconnected with somatic health and can manifest itself in biological processes. Life dissatisfaction is an indicator of subjective well-being, but information on its biological correlates is scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate the biological correlates along with other health-related factors of long-term life dissatisfaction in a population-based sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  As part of the Kuopio Depression Study, health questionnaires were sent to a randomly selected population-based sample in 1998, 1999, and 2001. In 2005, among a clinically studied sub-sample (n = 305), the 7-year long-term life dissatisfaction burden was assessed by summing life satisfaction scores from previous health questionnaires. Several sociodemographic, health, health behavior, and biological factors were investigated in respect to their associations to categorized (low and high) and continuous (linear regression) life satisfaction burden score (higher values indicating dissatisfaction).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the final linear regression model long-term life dissatisfaction burden was significantly associated with poor social support (B = 0.138; p < 0.001), marital status (i.e. living alone) (B = 0.049; p = 0.019), current smoking (B = 0.087; p < 0.001), poor sleep (B = 0.052; p = 0.001), use of statins (B = -0.052; p = 0.002) and lower serum adiponectin level (B = -0.001; p = 0.039) whereas association of metabolic syndrome was marginally nonsignificant (B = 0.029; p = 0.055).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long-term life dissatisfaction is associated with adverse health, health behavioral, and social factors, as well as with a decreased anti-inflammatory buffer capacity, all indicating close relationships between subjective well-being and somatic morbidity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland. teemu.rissanen@fimnet.fi
authors.forename: Teemu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rissanen
authors.forename: Soili M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lehto
authors.forename: Jukka
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hintikka
authors.forename: Kirsi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Honkalampi
authors.forename: Tarja
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saharinen
authors.forename: Heimo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Viinamäki
authors.forename: Heli
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Koivumaa-Honkanen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001294:Attitude to Health; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health; D008875:Middle Aged; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D011788:Quality of Life; D012944:Social Support; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
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