title: Is obesity a possible modifier of periodontal disease as a chronic inflammatory process? A case-control study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This cross-sectional case-control study was conducted to provide a comparative evaluation of clinical periodontal measurements, together with serum levels of certain bioactive peptides and inflammatory cytokines, in relation to obesity. For this purpose, clinical periodontal measurements and the levels of serum leptin, adiponectin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 of obese female individuals and their nonobese counterparts were compared.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty obese (body mass index (BMI) > 30) and 31 nonobese (BMI < 30) female subjects were recruited for the present study. Before any periodontal intervention, serum samples were obtained and full-mouth clinical periodontal measurements were recorded at six sites per tooth. ELISA was used for the biochemical analysis. Data were tested statistically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clinical attachment level was significantly higher in the obese group compared with the nonobese control group (p < 0.05). Serum levels of leptin and IL-6 were significantly higher in the obese group (p < 0.05). BMI correlated with the serum levels of inflammatory molecules (p < 0.05), but not with clinical periodontal parameters, in the obese group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, obesity does not seem to have a prominent effect on clinical periodontal parameters but it does have many correlations with circulating inflammatory molecules. As suggested in the literature, increased levels of leptin and IL-6 in the obese group might be one explanation for a possible relationship between obesity and periodontal disease. A prospective study is warranted to clarify, in greater detail, the effects of obesity on periodontal health.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Buduneli
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bıyıkoğlu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ilgenli
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Buduneli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nalbantsoy
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Saraç
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Kinane
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D017622:Periodontal Attachment Loss / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications; D012907:Smoking; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D020738:Leptin; C499918:ADIPOQ protein, human; C508600:IL6 protein, human
keywords: adipokines; cytokines; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; obesity; periodontal disease; serum