title: Consistency errors in p-values reported in Spanish psychology journals.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent reviews have drawn attention to frequent consistency errors when reporting statistical results.
  
  
  METHODS
  We have reviewed the statistical results reported in 186 articles published in four Spanish psychology journals. Of these articles, 102 contained at least one of the statistics selected for our study: Fisher-F , Student-t and Pearson-c 2 .
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of the 1,212 complete statistics reviewed, 12.2% presented a consistency error, meaning that the reported p-value did not correspond to the reported value of the statistic and its degrees of freedom. In 2.3% of the cases, the correct calculation would have led to a different conclusion than the reported one. In terms of articles, 48% included at least one consistency error, and 17.6% would have to change at least one conclusion. In meta-analytical terms, with a focus on effect size, consistency errors can be considered substantial in 9.5% of the cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results imply a need to improve the quality and precision with which statistical results are reported in Spanish psychology journals.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Comillas Pontifical University, Madrid, Spain. jcaperos@upcomillas.es
authors.forename: José Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Caperos
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pardo
mesh_terms: D010506:Periodicals as Topic; D011584:Psychology; D012107:Research Design / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013030:Spain; D013223:Statistics as Topic