title: Treatment for depression following mild traumatic brain injury in adults: a meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Development of depression after TBI is linked to poorer outcomes. The aim of this manuscript is to review evidence for the effectiveness of current treatments.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two meta-analyses were undertaken to examine the effectiveness of both pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions for depression after mild TBI.
  
  
  METHODS
  PubMed, Medline, PsychInfo, Web of Science and Digital Dissertations were searched and 13 studies located. Meta Analyst Beta 3.13 was used to conduct analyses of pre- vs post-effects then to examine treatment group vs control group effects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Studies using a pre-post design produced an overall effect size of 1.89 (95% CI = 1.20-2.58, p < 0.001), suggesting that treatments were effective; however, the overall effect for controlled trials was 0.46 (95% CI = -0.44-1.36, p < 0.001), which favoured the control rather than treatment groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study highlights the need for additional large well-controlled trials of effective treatments for depression post-TBI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. s.barker-collo@auckland.ac.nz
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Barker-Collo
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Starkey
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Theadom
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009520:New Zealand / Q000453:epidemiology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome