title: Inferior Mesenteric Artery Collaterals to the Uterus during Uterine Artery Embolization: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Clinical Outcomes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the prevalence of inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) collaterals to the uterus found during uterine artery embolization (UAE), associated risk factors, and clinical outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  The records of 559 women who underwent UAE during the period 2008-2011 for uterine fibroids or adenomyosis found on magnetic resonance imaging were retrospectively analyzed. If IMA collaterals to the uterus were suspected on aortography performed after embolization, selective angiography was performed. Risk factors for IMA collaterals to the uterus were analyzed, including the presence of adenomyosis, baseline uterine volume, or prior pelvic surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Collaterals to the uterus were found from the ovarian artery (n = 21; 3.8%), IMA (n = 7; 1.3%), round ligament artery (n = 1; 0.2%), and internal pudendal artery (n = 1; 0.2%). IMA collaterals were found in seven patients. Of 185 patients, 6 (3.2%) had adenomyosis, with or without fibroids, which was significantly more frequent than the 1 (0.27%) of 374 patients who had fibroids only (P = .006). On multiple logistic regression analysis, the presence of adenomyosis (odds ratio, 19.556; P = .0168) and uterine volume (odds ratio, 1.003; P = .0069) were independent factors for the presence of IMA collaterals. Of the seven patients with IMA collaterals, embolization was not attempted in six, resulting in clinical failure in four. One patient who underwent IMA embolization with coils experienced clinical improvement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The IMA was the second most common (1.3%) source of collaterals to the uterus. IMA collaterals were more frequent in patients with adenomyosis than in patients with fibroids only, resulting in high frequency of treatment failure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiological Science, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Suyon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Mu Sook
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Man Deuk
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Chang Jin
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Dae Chul
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Myungsu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sung Il
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Jong Yoon
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Won
authors.forename: Do Yun
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D062788:Adenomyosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology; D000328:Adult; D015984:Causality; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007889:Leiomyoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D008638:Mesenteric Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011859:Radiography; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055988:Uterine Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D055357:Uterine Artery Embolization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*
keywords: IMA; OR; PVA; UAE; inferior mesenteric artery; odds ratio; polyvinyl alcohol; uterine artery embolization