title: Endoscopic prediction of deep submucosal invasive carcinoma: validation of the narrow-band imaging international colorectal endoscopic (NICE) classification.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A simple endoscopic classification to accurately predict deep submucosal invasive (SM-d) carcinoma would be clinically useful.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To develop and assess the validity of the NBI international colorectal endoscopic (NICE) classification for the characterization of SM-d carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted in 4 phases: (1) evaluation of endoscopic differentiation by NBI-experienced colonoscopists; (2) extension of the NICE classification to incorporate SM-d (type 3) by using a modified Delphi method; (3) prospective validation of the individual criteria by inexperienced participants, by using high-definition still images without magnification of known histology; and (4) prospective validation of the individual criteria and overall classification by inexperienced participants after training.
  
  
  METHODS
  Japanese academic unit.
  
  
  METHODS
  Performance characteristics of the NICE criteria (phase 3) and overall classification (phase 4) for SM-d carcinoma; sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and accuracy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We expanded the NICE classification for the endoscopic diagnosis of SM-d carcinoma (type 3) and established the predictive validity of its individual components. The negative predictive values of the individual criteria for diagnosis of SM-d carcinoma were 76.2% (color), 88.5% (vessels), and 79.1% (surface pattern). When any 1 of the 3 SM-d criteria was present, the sensitivity was 94.9%, and the negative predictive value was 95.9%. The overall sensitivity and negative predictive value of a global, high-confidence prediction of SM-d carcinoma was 92%. Interobserver agreement for an overall SM-d carcinoma prediction was substantial (kappa 0.70).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Single Japanese center, use of still images without prospective clinical evaluation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The NICE classification is a valid tool for predicting SM-d carcinomas in colorectal tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endoscopy, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Nana
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Hewett
authors.forename: Tonya R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Kaltenbach
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sano
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ponchon
authors.forename: Brian P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Saunders
authors.forename: Douglas K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Rex
authors.forename: Roy M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Soetikno
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D003113:Colonoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D003697:Delphi Technique; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000473:pathology*; D062048:Narrow Band Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
keywords: NBI; NBI international colorectal endoscopic; NICE; SM-d; deep submucosal invasion; narrow-band imaging