title: History of lung disease and risk of lung cancer in a population with high household fuel combustion exposures in rural China.
abstract: History of chronic lung diseases and household coal use for heating and cooking are established risk factors of lung cancer; however, few studies have been able to explore these risk factors simultaneously. Xuanwei, China, has some of the highest rates of lung cancer in China and most residents experience substantial in-home coal smoke exposures. Using a population-based case-control study of 498 lung cancer cases and 498 age-matched controls, we evaluated the risk of lung cancer in relation to coal smoke exposure and history of chronic lung diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, tuberculosis (TB), chronic bronchitis, and emphysema. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by conditional logistic regression adjusting for potential confounders. We observed an increased risk of lung cancer with history of any chronic lung disease among males (OR = 14.2; 95%CI = 4.3-46.9), females (OR = 2.6; 95%CI = 1.1-6.3), smokers (OR = 12.7; 95%CI = 3.5-45.8), and nonsmokers (OR = 2.6; 95%CI = 1.1-6.4). Specifically, TB (OR = 83.7; 95%CI = 11.0-634.7), COPD (OR = 3.2; 95%CI = 1.7-6.0), and emphysema and chronic bronchitis (OR = 3.3; 95%CI = 1.7-6.4) were associated with increased risks. These findings suggest that history of chronic lung diseases may also increase risk of lung cancer in populations with indoor coal smoke exposures.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA; Division of Epidemiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA. Electronic address: dean.hosgood@einstein.yu.edu.
authors.forename: H Dean
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: HosgoodIII
authors.affiliation: College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Chapman
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Health and Engineering, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xingzhou
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health and Primary Care, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Linwei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Larry Z
authors.initials: LZ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: The Wilmer Eye Institute at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: Forest Laboratories, Inc., Harborside Financial Center, Jersey City, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Nathaniel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rothman
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Lan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012306:Risk; D012424:Rural Population; D012906:Smoke / Q000009:adverse effects*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D012906:Smoke
keywords: China; Chronic lung disease; Lung cancer; Never smoking; Xuanwei
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