title: Ocular dysfunction in a mouse model of chronic gut inflammation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ocular disease is known widely to occur in a subset of patients experiencing inflammatory bowel diseases. Although this extraintestinal manifestation has been recognized for a number of years, the pathogenetic mechanisms responsible for this distant organ inflammatory response are unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the current study, we used a T-cell transfer model of chronic colitis in mice in which we quantified colonic inflammation, ocular function (electroretinography), ocular blood flow (intravital microscopy of the retina), intraocular pressure, and retinal hypoxia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ocular function in colitic mice was significantly impaired, with decreases in retinal b-wave amplitudes and oscillatory potentials. Moreover, retinal a waves and oscillatory potentials were delayed. Retinal blood flow was significantly reduced in the colitic mice, and this decrease in perfusion coupled with significant decreases in hematocrit would decrease oxygen delivery to the eye. Accordingly, mice with severe colitis showed increased levels of immunostaining for the hypoxia-dependent probe pimonidazole. Finally, intraocular pressures were found to be reduced in the colitic mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ocular disease occurs in a mouse model of chronic colitis, with retinal dysfunction seeming to be related to insufficient perfusion and oxygen delivery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana 71130, USA.
authors.forename: Megan N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Watts
authors.forename: Wendy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Leskova
authors.forename: Patsy R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: Songlin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kosloski-Davidson
authors.forename: Matthew B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Grisham
authors.forename: Norman R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Harris
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003092:Colitis / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004596:Electroretinography; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D000860:Hypoxia; D007249:Inflammation / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000502:physiology*; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D012160:Retina / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; C556062:IL10 protein, mouse; C064658:RAG-1 protein; D016753:Interleukin-10
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