title: Effect of focal mild hypothermia on expression of MMP-9, TIMP-1, Tau-1 and β-APP in rats with cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Following stroke, hypothermia is reported to reduce both cellular and extracellular damage. This study aimed to examine the effects of focal mild hypothermia on proteins associated with both extracellular (matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of MMP-9 (TIMP-1)) and cellular damage (Tau-1 and β-amyloid precursor protein (β-APP)) to characterize the protective effects of hypothermia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Wistar rats received ischaemic damage using a transient, focal ischaemia/reperfusion model. Afterwards, one group (HT) received 6 hours of focal mild hypothermia (33 °C) applied to the head, while another remained at normal temperature (NT). The brains were collected at 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours after hypothermia to measure infarct volume ratio and to detect cells immunopositive for MMP-9, TIMP-1, Tau-1 and β-APP, while neurological deficits were examined separately after 2 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Focal mild hypothermia had no effect on infarct volume ratio but expression of MMP-9, TIMP-1 Tau-1 and β-APP was decreased. Furthermore, neurological function in the HT group was better than in the NT group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Focal mild hypothermia has protective effects on cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion injury characterized by decreased expression of MMP-9, TIMP-1, Tau-1 and β-APP, along with improvement of neurological function despite no changes in infarct volume.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Nangang District, Harbin, PR China.
authors.forename: Jing-Kun
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Fu-Lin
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.forename: Shu-Rong
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.forename: Ji-Wei
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Rui-Hong
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Li-Ming
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: De-Sheng
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor / Q000378:metabolism*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D015536:Down-Regulation; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D020127:Recovery of Function; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy*; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D016875:tau Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor; C489131:Mapt protein, rat; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C576839:TIMP1 protein, rat; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; C093599:amyloid beta-protein precursor 770 (681-695); D016875:tau Proteins; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; C572337:Mmp9 protein, rat