title: Prevalence of sarcopenia and associated risk factors by two diagnostic criteria in community-dwelling older men: the São Paulo Ageing & Health Study (SPAH).
abstract: Sarcopenia is an aging syndrome that can be characterized by many criteria adjusted or not by fat mass. This study suggested that the optimal criteria should be selected according to body mass index (BMI) in older men and identified age, BMI, race, smoking, physical activity, hip bone mineral density (BMD) as risk factors for this syndrome.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  This study aims to analyze the prevalence of sarcopenia and associated risk factors using appendicular skeletal mass (ASM)/height(2) and ASM adjusted for total fat mass criteria in older men from community.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hundred ninety-nine men were included and answered a questionnaire about lifestyle and medical history. Individuals were classified by their BMI using the classification adjusted by age. Body composition and bone mineral density were measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry. Sarcopenia was classified according to both criteria. Logistic regression models were used to analyze risk factors associated with sarcopenia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean BMI was 26.46 kg/m(2): 12.5 % underweight, 43.6 % normal, and 43.9 % overweight/obese. Fifty-four (13.5 %) were considered sarcopenic by ASM/height(2) and 79 (19.8 %) by ASM adjusted for fat (p = 0.001). Fifty-one (12.8 %) individuals had discordant sarcopenia classification: 13 were classified only by ASM/height(2) and 38 only by ASM adjusted for fat. Of the 13 subjects classified as sarcopenic only by ASM/height(2), 84.6 % (11/13) were underweight and solely one (7.7 %) was considered overweight/obese. In contrast, of those 38 older men classified as sarcopenic only by ASM adjusted for fat, none were underweight and 53 % (20/38) were overweight/obese. Subjects classified as sarcopenic according to both criteria had the same risk factors in the final model analyses (age, BMI, race, smoking, physical activity, hip BMD; p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggested that the optimal criteria for sarcopenia should be selected according to BMI in community-dwelling older men.
authors.affiliation: Bone Metabolism Laboratory, Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 3º andar, sala 3105, São Paulo, SP, 01246-903, Brazil.
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Figueiredo
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Domiciano
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.forename: V F
authors.initials: VF
authors.lastname: Caparbo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scazufca
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bonfá
authors.forename: R M R
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Pereira
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000886:Anthropometry / Q000379:methods; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D055948:Sarcopenia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology
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