title: [Drug therapy of infectious diarrhea. Part 2: Chronic diarrhea].
abstract: Diarrheal diseases are among the most common diseases worldwide. In this review the current treatment recommendations for acute (Part 1) and chronic (Part 2) infectious diarrhea are summarized and typical enteropathogens are discussed. The second part of the article describes chronic diarrhea, its related pathogens and treatment. In contrast to acute diarrhea which is mainly caused by viral and typical bacterial pathogens, chronic diarrhea has mainly non-infectious origins. Protozoal pathogens, such as Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica in particular are found and more rarely bacterial pathogens, such as Tropheryma whipplei. Opportunistic pathogens cause diarrhea in immunocompromised patients, such as in HIV patients. In these patients cytomegalovirus (CMV) colitis or infections with Cryptosporidium spp., Cyclospora cayetanensis, Isospora belli or microsporidia have to be considered. Besides targeted specific antimicrobial therapy, anti-retroviral drugs improving the underlying immunosuppression and thus the reconstitution of the adaptive immune response remain a cornerstone of the treatment in HIV-positive patients.
authors.affiliation: Fachbereich Infektions- und Tropenmedizin, Klinik und Poliklinik für Gastroenterologie und Rheumatologie, Department für Innere Medizin, Neurologie und Dermatologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, AöR, Liebigstr. 20, 04103, Leipzig, Deutschland, christoph.luebbert@medizin.uni-leipzig.de.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lübbert
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Weis
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000930:Antidiarrheals / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004403:Dysentery / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000930:Antidiarrheals; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D000998:Antiviral Agents
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