title: Studies on tracheorelaxant and anti-inflammatory activities of rhizomes of Polygonatum verticillatum.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The present study describes the tracheorelaxant and anti-inflammatory effects of Polygonatum verticillatum which may support its medicinal use in hyperactive airway complaints and inflammatory disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  The tracheorelaxant activity of crude extract of the rhizomes of P. verticillatum (PR) was assessed in isolated guinea-pig tracheal tissues immersed in tissue organ bath filled with Tyrode's solution and a continuous supply of carbogen gas (95% O2 and 5% CO2). The contractile and relaxant responses of the tissue were measured using isometric transducers coupled with Power-Lab data acquisition system. The anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated in carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model, while the lipoxygenase inhibitory activity was performed in the in-vitro assay. Various chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques were used for the isolation and characterization of pure molecules.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In isolated guinea-pig tracheal preparations, PR caused complete inhibition of the high K+ (80 mM) and carbachol-induced contractions however, it was more potent against K+ than CCh, similar to verapamil. Pretreatment of the tissue with PR, displaced the Ca2+ concentration-response curves to the right, similar to that induced by verapamil, indicating the presence of Ca2+ channel blocking like activity. When tested on carrageenan-induced rat paw edema, PR demonstrated a marked reduction in edema with 65.22% protection at 200 mg/kg, similar to aspirin. In the in-vitro assay, PR showed lipoxygenase inhibitory activity (IC50: 102 ± 0.19 μg/mL), similar to baicalein. Bioactivity-guided fractionation led to the isolation of 2-hydroxybenzoic acid and β-sitosterol.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that the plant possesses tracheorelaxant, mediated possibly through a Ca2+ channel blockade mechanism, and anti-inflammatory activities, which may explain the medicinal use of this plant in airway disorders and inflammation.
authors.forename: Haroon
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saeed
authors.forename: Malik Hassan
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Mehmood
authors.forename: Najeeb-ur
authors.initials: NU
authors.lastname: Rehman
authors.forename: Naveed
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Muhammad
authors.forename: Ikram-ul
authors.initials: IU
authors.lastname: Haq
authors.forename: Nadeem
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ashraf
authors.forename: Kamal Eldin H
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: El-Tahir
authors.forename: Anwarul-Hassan
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Gilani
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002217:Carbachol; D002351:Carrageenan; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects*; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D031384:Polygonatum / Q000737:chemistry*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy; D027343:Rhizome / Q000737:chemistry; D020156:Salicylic Acid / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012855:Sitosterols / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014132:Trachea / Q000187:drug effects*; D014700:Verapamil / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012855:Sitosterols; C025473:gamma-sitosterol; D002217:Carbachol; D002351:Carrageenan; D014700:Verapamil; D020156:Salicylic Acid
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