title: Compound K induces apoptosis of bladder cancer T24 cells via reactive oxygen species-mediated p38 MAPK pathway.
abstract: Compound K (CK; 20-O-D-glucopyranosyl-20(S)-protopanaxadiol), a major metabolite of ginsenoside, has been shown to possess several biological activities such as potent antitumor properties. However, the effect of CK on the apoptosis of bladder cancer cells and its underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Therefore, we examined the effect of CK on the apoptosis of bladder cancer T 24 cells. Cell counts showed that treatment of T24 cells with CK decreased the cell number in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that CK could significantly induce apoptosis of T24 cells in vitro. Further, cellular glutathione reduction, accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were also observed in CK-treated T24 cells. Western blot demonstrated the release of cytochrome c, activation of procaspases-3, procaspases-9, and the change of Bax/Bcl-2 proteins ratio. We also found that the phosphorylation of p38MAPK was increased by CK, while treatment with SB203580 inhibited CK-induced cell apoptosis in T24 cells. The blockage of ROS generation by N-acetylcysteine effectively prevented the apoptosis induction in T24 cells with CK treatment, accompanied by the decrease of activation of p38MAPK. These results suggested that CK induced the apoptosis of bladder cancer T24 cells, which is partially due to ROS generation and p38MAPK activation.
authors.affiliation: 1 Liaoning Key Laboratory of Food Biological Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University , Dalian, China .
authors.forename: Han
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Dandan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Shuhong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Shan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Wenwen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zhongyan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Yuping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Jihui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects*; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D036145:Ginsenosides; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; C112772:ginsenoside compound K
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