title: Effect of cadmium on cytogenetic toxicity in hairy roots of Wedelia trilobata L. and their alleviation by exogenous CaCl2.
abstract: Effects of cadmium (Cd) alone and in combination with calcium on mitosis and chromosomal aberration in the hairy root tips of Wedelia trilobata were investigated. The results showed that Cd concentrations below 50 μmol/L had a lesser or even a promoting effect on the mitotic index (MI) and the rate of chromosomal aberration in hairy root tips, while those higher than 100 μmol/L significantly decreased the MI and gradually stimulated the rate of chromosomal aberrations with prolonged time and increasing concentrations of Cd. Concentrations of 50 μmol/L Cd mainly induced C-mitosis, while more than 100 μmol/L Cd mainly caused chromosome breakage and chromosome adhesion in hairy root tip cells. When cultured with 300 μmol/L Cd, micronuclei were only observed in the interphase, middle, and late phase of hairy root tip cells. Compared with untreated controls, exogenous calcium had an alleviating effect on Cd-induced cytotoxicity by effectively enhancing the MI and reducing the rate of chromosomal aberration in root tip cells. The results presented here provide evidence that W. trilobata hairy roots with rapid autonomous growth could be used as a sensitive tool for monitoring and evaluation of Cd pollution in the environment.
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China, shihe08@163.com.
authors.forename: He Ping
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Yuan Feng
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Yun Ling
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Po Keung Eric
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Tsang
mesh_terms: D002104:Cadmium / Q000633:toxicity*; D002122:Calcium Chloride / Q000737:chemistry*; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D003582:Cytogenetics; D018519:Meristem / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D008938:Mitosis; D008940:Mitotic Index; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D031209:Wedelia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D002104:Cadmium; D002122:Calcium Chloride
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