title: Air-pollution emission control in China: impacts on soil acidification recovery and constraints due to drought.
abstract: The Chinese government has established compulsory targets to reduce sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions by 8% and 10%, respectively, during 2010-2015. In this study, the effect of the policy was evaluated by predicting the recovery of acidified forest soil in Chongqing, an area severely impacted by acid rain in southwest China. Since precipitation has decreased significantly in this area in recent years, the impact of drought on soil acidification was also considered. A dynamic acidification model, MAGIC, was used to predict future trends in soil chemistry under different scenarios for deposition reduction as well as drought. We found that the current regulation of SO2 emission abatement did not significantly increase soil water pH values, the Ca2+ to Al3+ molar ratio (Ca/Al), or soil base saturation to the level of 2000 before 2050. NOx emission control would have less of an effect on acidification recovery, while emission reduction of particulate matter could offset the benefits of SO2 reduction by greatly decreasing the deposition of base cations, particularly Ca(2+). Continuous droughts in the future might also delay acidification recovery. Therefore, more stringent SO2 emission control should be implemented to facilitate the recovery of seriously acidified areas in China.
authors.affiliation: State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China. Electronic address: lduan@tsinghua.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xin
authors.forename: Thorjørn
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Larssen
mesh_terms: D015258:Acid Rain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000535:Aluminum / Q000032:analysis; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis; D002681:China; D057231:Climate Change; D055864:Droughts; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004787:Environmental Pollution; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides / Q000032:analysis; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D015258:Acid Rain; D000393:Air Pollutants; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide; D000535:Aluminum; D002118:Calcium
keywords: Acidification; China; Climate change; Drought; Emission abatement; MAGIC model