title: Boron neutron capture therapy induces cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis of glioma stem/progenitor cells in vitro.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Glioma stem cells in the quiescent state are resistant to clinical radiation therapy. An almost inevitable glioma recurrence is due to the persistence of these cells. The high linear energy transfer associated with boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) could kill quiescent and proliferative cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of BNCT on glioma stem/progenitor cells in vitro. The damage induced by BNCT was assessed using cell cycle progression, apoptotic cell ratio and apoptosis-associated proteins expression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The surviving fraction and cell viability of glioma stem/progenitor cells were decreased compared with differentiated glioma cells using the same boronophenylalanine pretreatment and the same dose of neutron flux. BNCT induced cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase and cell apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway, with changes in the expression of associated proteins.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Glioma stem/progenitor cells, which are resistant to current clinical radiotherapy, could be effectively killed by BNCT in vitro via cell cycle arrest and apoptosis using a prolonged neutron irradiation, although radiosensitivity of glioma stem/progenitor cells was decreased compared with differentiated glioma cells when using the same dose of thermal neutron exposure and boronophenylalanine pretreatment. Thus, BNCT could offer an appreciable therapeutic advantage to prevent tumor recurrence, and may become a promising treatment in recurrent glioma.
authors.affiliation: Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Zizhu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Guilin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Xueshun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Yongxin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Youxin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Ziwei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Du
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000528:radiation effects*; D001895:Boron / Q000737:chemistry; D016754:Boron Neutron Capture Therapy; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D002453:Cell Cycle; D059447:Cell Cycle Checkpoints / Q000528:radiation effects*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival; D005910:Glioma / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D006801:Humans; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism; D009502:Neutrons; D012008:Recurrence; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000528:radiation effects*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001895:Boron
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