title: Post-transcriptional regulation of iron homeostasis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
abstract: Iron is an essential micronutrient for all eukaryotic organisms because it participates as a redox cofactor in a wide variety of biological processes. Recent studies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae have shown that in response to iron deficiency, an RNA-binding protein denoted Cth2 coordinates a global metabolic rearrangement that aims to optimize iron utilization. The Cth2 protein contains two Cx8Cx5Cx3H tandem zinc fingers (TZFs) that specifically bind to adenosine/uridine-rich elements within the 3' untranslated region of many mRNAs to promote their degradation. The Cth2 protein shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Once inside the nucleus, Cth2 binds target mRNAs and stimulates alternative 3' end processing. A Cth2/mRNA-containing complex is required for export to the cytoplasm, where the mRNA is degraded by the 5' to 3' degradation pathway. This post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism limits iron utilization in nonessential pathways and activates essential iron-dependent enzymes such as ribonucleotide reductase, which is required for DNA synthesis and repair. Recent findings indicate that the TZF-containing tristetraprolin protein also functions in modulating human iron homeostasis. Elevated iron concentrations can also be detrimental for cells. The Rnt1 RNase III exonuclease protects cells from excess iron by promoting the degradation of a subset of the Fe acquisition system when iron levels rise.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain. maria.teresa.martinez@uv.es
authors.forename: María Teresa
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Martínez-Pastor
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: de Llanos
authors.forename: Antonia María
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Romero
authors.forename: Sergi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Puig
mesh_terms: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000378:metabolism*; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051816:Tristetraprolin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; C102098:CTH1 protein, S cerevisiae; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; C091790:TIS11 protein, S cerevisiae; D014157:Transcription Factors; D051816:Tristetraprolin; D007501:Iron
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