title: Parental permissiveness, control, and affect and drug use among adolescents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Parents play an important role in determining the risk of children's drug use. The aim of this study was to analyse how certain family-related variables (permissiveness toward drug use, and parental control and affect) were linked to the use of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis, based on young people's self-report of such variables.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample was composed of 1,428 school children (51.8% males) aged between 11 and 19 from Mallorca (Spain).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that the young people who perceived their parents as permissive and those who perceived less maternal control and higher levels of both paternal and maternal affect were more likely to use alcohol, tobacco and cannabis. Sex differences were found within this pattern. Variables of maternal affect and control were not influential among males, whereas the general pattern was maintained among females.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study highlights the importance of perceived permissiveness and the need of considering parent's and children's gender when providing control and affect, as fathers will influence male children whereas mothers will influence female children.
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Psicología, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain. elisardo.becona@usc.es
authors.forename: Elisardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Becoña
authors.forename: Úrsula
authors.initials: Ú
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.forename: Amador
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Calafat
authors.forename: José Ramón
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Fernández-Hermida
authors.forename: Montse
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Juan
authors.forename: Harry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sumnall
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mendes
authors.forename: Roman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gabrhelík
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000339:Affect; D002648:Child; D002668:Child Rearing; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D010541:Permissiveness; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*