title: Impact of the 2012 American Urological Association vasectomy guidelines on post-vasectomy outcomes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The 2012 American Urological Association (AUA) vasectomy guidelines recommend the finding of rare nonmotile sperm, representing 100,000 or fewer nonmotile sperm per ml, as a metric of post-vasectomy success. At our institution success was previously defined as 2 sequential azoospermic centrifuged semen pellets. The criteria change of including rare nonmotile sperm as a success end point may simplify post-vasectomy followup and decrease the number of post-vasectomy semen analyses required to assure occlusive success.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the context of the new 2012 guidelines we retrospectively reviewed and analyzed the records of 972 of the 1,740 vasectomies (55.9%) performed between January 2000 and June 2012 after which at least 1 post-vasectomy semen analysis was done.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1,919 post-vasectomy semen analyses were obtained from 972 patients with a mean ± SE age of 39.7 ± 0.2 years. Occlusive success was evident in 337 azoospermic men (36.4%), while 514 (52.9%) underwent 2 or more post-vasectomy semen analyses and 458 (47.1%) returned for a single post-vasectomy semen analysis but were lost to followup. Of these noncompliant patients 76.0% were azoospermic, 19.7% had rare nonmotile sperm, 1.5% had greater than 100,000 nonmotile sperm per ml and 2.8% had motile sperm. Three patients underwent repeat vasectomy for persistent rare nonmotile sperm. If the criteria defined by the 2012 guidelines had been used to monitor these men, the occlusive success rate would have improved to 97.6% (949 patients) (p <0.05). Repeat vasectomies as well as 896 subsequent post-vasectomy semen analyses would have been avoided.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The AUA vasectomy guidelines provide clear, evidence-based criteria for vasectomy success. The guidelines simplify followup protocols, improve patient compliance and help avoid unnecessary post-vasectomy semen analyses and repeat vasectomies.
authors.affiliation: Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Coward
authors.affiliation: Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Niraj G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Badhiwala
authors.affiliation: Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Jason R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Kovac
authors.affiliation: Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Ryan P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Dolores J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Lamb
authors.affiliation: Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. Electronic address: larryl@bcm.edu.
authors.forename: Larry I
authors.initials: LI
authors.lastname: Lipshultz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055101:Semen Analysis / Q000592:standards*; D013076:Sperm Count; D014659:Vasectomy / Q000592:standards*
keywords: PVSA; RNMS; guideline; post-vasectomy semen analysis; rare nonmotile sperm; reoperation; reproductive; semen analysis; sterilization; testis
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