title: Management of pediatric traumatic macular holes - case report.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report and describe the clinical course of four pediatric traumatic macular hole (TMH) cases and respective management.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four pediatric patients with macular hole following blunt ocular trauma underwent early pars plana vitrectomy, with consecutive hole closure. Initial visual acuity was <20/400 or worse in all patients. After surgery, all patients had visual acuity improvement, with final visual acuity being <20/50 in 2 of the patients by the end of the follow-up. Macular hole closure was achieved in all patients with a single procedure, and anatomical success was confirmed by optical coherence tomography until the end of the follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although spontaneous closure of TMH is not uncommon, especially in pediatric patients, early pars plana vitrectomy seems to be a safe and effective choice in pediatric TMH management. The risk/benefit ratio of surgery seems to be better than observation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Santo António Hospital, Oporto, Portugal.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Azevedo
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Meireles
keywords: Macular hole; Pediatric patients; Trauma
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