title: Improvement of early cell adhesion on Thai silk fibroin surface by low energy plasma.
abstract: Low energy plasma has been introduced to treat the surface of Thai silk fibroin which should be enhanced for cell adhesion due to its native hydrophobic surface. Plasma surface treatment could introduce desirable hydrophilic functionalities on the surface without using any chemicals. In this work, nitrogen glow discharge plasma was generated by a low energy AC50Hz power supply system. The plasma operating conditions were optimized to reach the highest nitrogen active species by using optical emission spectroscopy. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed that amine, hydroxyl, ether, and carboxyl groups were induced on Thai silk fibroin surface after plasma treatment. The results on Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflection (FTIR-ATR) spectroscopy confirmed that the plasma treated effects were only on the outermost layer since there was no change in the bulk chemistry. The surface topography was insignificantly changed from the detection with atomic force microscopy (AFM). The plasma-treated effects were the improved surface wettability and cell adhesion. After a 90-s treatment, the water contact angle was at 20°, while the untreated surface was at 70°. The early cell adhesion of L929 mouse fibroblast was accelerated. L929 cells only took 3h to reach 100% cell adhesion on 90 s N2 plasma-treated surface, while there was less than 50% cell adhesion on the untreated Thai silk fibroin surface after 6h of culture. The cell adhesion results were in agreement with the cytoskeleton development. L929 F-actin was more evident on 90 s N2 plasma-treated surface than others. It could be concluded that a lower energy AC50Hz plasma system enhanced early L929 mouse fibroblast adhesion on Thai silk fibroin surface without any significant change in surface topography and bulk chemistry.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Phyathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
authors.forename: Phakdee
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Amornsudthiwat
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phyathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Plasma Technology and Nuclear Fusion Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, 10330 Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Rattachat
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mongkolnavin
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Phyathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
authors.forename: Sorada
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kanokpanont
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Phyathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
authors.forename: Joongjai
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Panpranot
authors.affiliation: Plasma Technology Research Centre, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Chiow San
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Phyathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Plasma Technology and Nuclear Fusion Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, 10330 Bangkok, Thailand. Electronic address: siriporn.d@chula.ac.th.
authors.forename: Siriporn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Damrongsakkul
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D005349:Fibroins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D058626:Plasma Gases / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013499:Surface Properties; D013785:Thailand; D013816:Thermodynamics; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D017155:Wettability
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D058626:Plasma Gases; D014867:Water; D005349:Fibroins
keywords: Early cell adhesion; Low energy plasma; Nitrogen glow discharge plasma; Thai silk fibroin