title: Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in HIV-infected children and young adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vitamin D insufficiency and HIV infection are both risk factors for chronic disorders, so it is important to consider vitamin D status in HIV-infected patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively investigated serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations, determined by radioimmunoassay, in 113 HIV-infected children (age≤24 years) and 54 healthy controls matched for age and phototype. We assessed the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency (VDD and VDI) defined as 25(OH)D titers of <10 ng/mL and between 10 and 30 ng/mL, respectively, and their predictive factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall prevalence of VDD and VDI was 38.9% and 58.7%, respectively. Mean serum 25(OH)D concentrations were significantly higher in the HIV group than the control group (14.2±6.9 ng/mL vs. 10.4±5 ng/mL, P<0.001). Variables significantly associated with low serum 25(OH)D concentrations in HIV-infected children were dark phototype (P<0.001) and age (r=-0.19, P=0.03). Patients receiving efavirenz had a trend toward lower serum 25(OH)D concentrations (11.1±4.6 ng/mL vs. 14.6±7 ng/mL, P=0.1). Dark phototype was the only independent risk factor for VDD in HIV-infected children (odds ratio=14.6; 95% confidence interval: 2.4-89.9, P=0.004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  VDD and VDI were common in both HIV-infected and control groups, and serum 25(OH)D concentrations were significantly lower in controls than in HIV-infected children.
authors.affiliation: From the *Unité de Recherche Clinique Paris Centre, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris; †CIC P0901 Mère Enfant, Inserm, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Descartes; ‡EA3620, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité; §Unité d'Immunologie et Hématologie Pédiatriques; ¶Urgences Pédiatriques, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris; ‖Laboratoire d'Ethique Médicale, Université Paris Descartes, Paris; **Centre d'Examens de Santé de la Caisse Primaire d'Assurance Maladie de la Seine-Saint-Denis, Bobigny; ††Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris; ‡‡INSERM U845, équipe Homéostasie du Phosphate, Université Paris Descartes; §§Pharmacologie, Groupe Hospitalier Broca Cochin Hôtel Dieu; and ¶¶Service de Physiologie et Explorations Fonctionnelles, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.J.-M.T. and M.C. contributed equally to the study.
authors.forename: Candice
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Meyzer
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Frange
authors.forename: Hélène
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chappuy
authors.forename: Blandine
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Desse
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Veber
authors.forename: Hervé
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Le Clésiau
authors.forename: Gérard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Friedlander
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Blanche
authors.forename: Jean-Claude
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Souberbielle
authors.forename: Jean-Marc
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Tréluyer
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Courbebaisse
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012880:Skin Pigmentation; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents; D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D