title: Morbidity and mortality in preterm neonates with patent ductus arteriosus on day 3.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the association between a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) on day 3 of life and severe morbidity and mortality.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark.
  
  
  METHODS
  All neonates with a gestational age less than 32 weeks admitted from 2010 to 2012.
  
  
  METHODS
  All neonates (n=183) were routinely screened with echocardiography for PDA on day 3 of life. Information on baseline characteristics and outcome was collected by structured coding sheets and medical records.
  
  
  METHODS
  The association among PDA diameter and pulmonary haemorrhage, intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH), necrotising enterocolitis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), death, and the composite outcome of death or severe morbidity was assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In neonates, born prior to 28 gestational weeks, a PDA on day 3 of life was associated with a threefold increase in odds of death or severe morbidity compared with neonates without PDA (OR=3.4; CI 1.1 to 11). The odds were highest in neonates with a large PDA (diameter ≥1.5 mm). Neonates with a large PDA were also found to have increased odds of IVH (OR 4.2; CI 1.3 to 14) and BPD (OR 3.7; CI 1.0 to 14) compared with neonates with no PDA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In neonates born with a gestational age below 28 weeks the presence of a PDA on day 3 of life was associated with adverse outcome; this association was even more pronounced with a large PDA. Thus, early echocardiography may facilitate the identification of neonates suitable for a targeted approach to intervention in future randomised controlled trials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Herning Regional Hospital, Herning, Denmark.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sellmer
authors.forename: Jesper Vandborg
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Bjerre
authors.forename: Michael Rahbek
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Patrick J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: McNamara
authors.forename: Vibeke Elisabeth
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Hjortdal
authors.forename: Bente
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Høst
authors.forename: Bodil Hammer
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Bech
authors.forename: Tine Brink
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Henriksen
mesh_terms: D001997:Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D004374:Ductus Arteriosus, Patent / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality*; D004452:Echocardiography; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D009017:Morbidity; D016017:Odds Ratio
keywords: Epidemiology; Neonatology