title: Position-effect variegation, heterochromatin formation, and gene silencing in Drosophila.
abstract: Position-effect variegation (PEV) results when a gene normally in euchromatin is juxtaposed with heterochromatin by rearrangement or transposition. When heterochromatin packaging spreads across the heterochromatin/euchromatin border, it causes transcriptional silencing in a stochastic pattern. PEV is intensely studied in Drosophila using the white gene. Screens for dominant mutations that suppress or enhance white variegation have identified many conserved epigenetic factors, including the histone H3 lysine 9 methyltransferase SU(VAR)3-9. Heterochromatin protein HP1a binds H3K9me2/3 and interacts with SU(VAR)3-9, creating a core memory system. Genetic, molecular, and biochemical analysis of PEV in Drosophila has contributed many key findings concerning establishment and maintenance of heterochromatin with concomitant gene silencing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA. selgin@biology.wustl.edu
authors.forename: Sarah C R
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Elgin
authors.forename: Gunter
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Reuter
mesh_terms: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D055012:Chromosomal Position Effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D004330:Drosophila / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D015321:Gene Rearrangement / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D020868:Gene Silencing / Q000502:physiology*; D006570:Heterochromatin / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D008957:Models, Genetic; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D005136:Eye Proteins; D006570:Heterochromatin; C059254:w protein, Drosophila
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