title: Vitamin E: a dark horse at the crossroad of cancer management.
abstract: It appears that the story on vitamin E and its role in human health remains incomplete. It is apparent that vitamin E supplementation involves many variables, some of which include its uptake from the intestine, the preference for α-tocopherol, transport by tocopherol specific proteins and lipid transporters and the differential metabolism of different vitamin E isoforms. The fundamental differences within population genetics can have significant implications for the effect that dietary supplementation might have on human health. When evaluating the efficacy of vitamin E prophylactic or therapeutic use in previous and future studies, it is critical to consider dosage to be administered, form of vitamin E and source (such as whether from synthetic or purified from natural sources). Further studies are needed to determine the effects of all vitamin E isoforms on cell growth, tumorigenicity, to clarify its possible use as an adjuvant to existing chemotherapeutics. The Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta Carotene (ATBC) Cancer Prevention Study Group and Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT) studies along with the numerous studies of vitamin E should help guide the next chapter of vitamin E research.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cardenas
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ghosh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D024508:Tocotrienols / Q000494:pharmacology; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D024508:Tocotrienols; D014810:Vitamin E
keywords: ABCA1; ATBC; ATP-binding cassette A1; Antioxidant; Cancer prevention; Cancer therapy; HDL; LDL; NPC1L1; NSCLC; Niemann-Pick C1-like 1; PKC; PUFA; ROS; SELECT; SR-BI; TAP; TRF; TTP; Tocopherol; Tocopherol associated protein; Tocotrienol; VLDL; Vitamin E transport proteins; alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene; high density lipoproteins; low density lipoproteins; non-small cell lung cancer; polyunsaturated fatty acids; protein kinase C; reactive oxygen species; scavenger receptor class B type 1; selenium and vitamin E cancer prevention trial; tocopherol transfer protein; tocotrienol rich fraction; very low density lipoprotein
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