title: Depression in systemic lupus erythematosus patients is associated with link-polymorphism but not methylation status of the 5HTT promoter region.
abstract: A higher prevalence of depression in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients has been reported, though the mechanism underlying this phenomenon remains unclear. The present study was conducted to explore whether the polymorphism and methylation status of the serotonin transporter gene (5HTT) promoter region (PR-5HTT) contribute to depression in SLE patients from both genetic and epigenetic perspectives. In this study, 96 SLE patients and 96 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. Depression levels of all subjects were evaluated using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). The serotonin transporter-linked polymorphism (5HTTLPR) and the DNA methylation status of PR-5HTT were detected in peripheral lymphocytes of SLE patients and HCs. The differences in 5HTTLPR and DNA methylation of PR-5HTT between SLEs and HCs were compared. In SLE patients, the frequencies of short allele (S) and SS genotype of 5HTTLPR were higher in depressive SLE (SLE-D) patients than in non-depressive SLE (SLE-ND) patients. The mean HDRS score of SS homozygote patients was higher than that of patients with SL/LL genotypes. Conversely, PR-5HTT was hypomethylated in HCs as well as SLE patients. There was no difference in the methylation status between HCs and SLEs. Thus, the functional expression of PR-5HTT may be primarily regulated by gene polymorphism and not by DNA methylation. The risk allele of 5HTTLPR appears to be a major contributor to depression in SLE patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Y Q
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: X F
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: Z P
authors.initials: ZP
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: X F
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Zeng
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001483:Base Sequence; D018899:CpG Islands; D019175:DNA Methylation; D003863:Depression / Q000235:genetics*; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D050486:Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D050486:Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases
keywords: DNA methylation; Systemic lupus erythematosus; depression; serotonin transporter-linked polymorphism