title: Materials science and tissue engineering: repairing the heart.
abstract: Heart failure after a myocardial infarction continues to be a leading killer in the Western world. Currently, there are no therapies that effectively prevent or reverse the cardiac damage and negative left ventricular remodeling process that follows a myocardial infarction. Because the heart has limited regenerative capacity, there has been considerable effort to develop new therapies that could repair and regenerate the myocardium. Although cell transplantation alone was initially studied, more recently, tissue engineering strategies using biomaterial scaffolds have been explored. In this review, we cover the different approaches to engineering the myocardium, including cardiac patches, which are in vitro-engineered constructs of functional myocardium, and injectable scaffolds, which can either encourage endogenous repair and regeneration or act as vehicles to support the delivery of cells and other therapeutics.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering and the Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. Electronic address: m.radisic@utoronto.ca.
authors.forename: Milica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Radisic
authors.forename: Karen L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Christman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D039904:Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000637:transplantation*; D012038:Regeneration; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling / Q000502:physiology
keywords: ECM; EHT; ESC; HA; LV; MI; MeHA; PSC; VEGF; bFGF; basic fibroblast growth factor; embryonic stem cell; engineered heart tissue; extracellular matrix; hESC; human embryonic stem cell; hyaluronic acid; iPSC; induced pluripotent stem cell; left ventricular; methacrylated hyaluronic acid; myocardial infarction; pluripotent stem cells; vascular endothelial growth factor
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