title: Does polyvinyl alcohol particle size change the outcome of prostatic arterial embolization for benign prostatic hyperplasia? Results from a single-center randomized prospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether different polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) particle sizes change the outcome of prostatic arterial embolization (PAE) for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized prospective study was undertaken in 80 patients (mean age, 63.9 y; range, 48-81 y) with symptomatic BPH undergoing PAE between May and December 2011. Forty patients underwent PAE with 100-µm (group A) and 200-µm PVA particles (group B). Visual analog scales were used to measure pain, and rates of adverse events were recorded. PAE outcomes were evaluated based on International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and quality-of-life (QoL) questionnaires, prostate volume (PV), prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, and peak flow rate measurements at baseline and 6 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No differences between groups regarding baseline data, procedural details, or adverse events were noted. Mean pain scores were as follows: during embolization, 3.2 ± 2.97 (group A) versus 2.93 ± 3.28 (group B); after embolization, 0.10 ± 0.50 (group A) versus 0 (group B; P = .20); and the week after PAE, 0.85 ± 1.65 (group A) versus 0.87 ± 1.35 (group B; P = .96). Patients in group B had greater decreases in IPSS (3.64 points; P = .052) and QoL (0.57 points; P = .07). Patients in group A had a greater decrease in PV (8.75 cm(3); P = .13) and PSA level (2.09 ng/mL; P < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No significant differences were found in pain scores and adverse events between groups. Whereas PSA level and PV showed greater reductions after PAE with 100-µm PVA particles, clinical outcome was better with 200-µm particles.
authors.affiliation: University Department of Anatomy, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa; University Department of Radiology, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa; Department of Interventional Radiology, Hospital Saint Louis. Electronic address: tiagobilhim@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Tiago
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bilhim
authors.forename: João
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pisco
authors.forename: Luís
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Campos Pinheiro
authors.forename: Hugo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rio Tinto
authors.forename: Lúcia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.forename: José A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Marisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.forename: António G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Oliveira
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction; D001158:Arteries; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007610:Kallikreins / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010316:Particle Size; D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D011174:Portugal; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011467:Prostate / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D011788:Quality of Life; D015641:Radiography, Interventional; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol; C549870:KLK3 protein, human; D007610:Kallikreins; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen
keywords: BPH; CI; DSA; IIEF; IPSS; International Index of Erectile Function; International Prostate Symptom Score; PA; PAE; PSA; PV; PVA; Q(max); QoL; benign prostatic hyperplasia; confidence interval; digital subtraction angiography; peak flow rate; polyvinyl alcohol; prostate volume; prostate-specific antigen; prostatic arterial embolization; prostatic artery; quality of life