title: A watershed-scale goals approach to assessing and funding wastewater infrastructure.
abstract: Capital needs during the next twenty years for public wastewater treatment, piping, combined sewer overflow correction, and storm-water management are estimated to be approximately $300 billion for the USA. Financing these needs is a significant challenge, as Federal funding for the Clean Water Act has been reduced by 70% during the last twenty years. There is an urgent need for new approaches to assist states and other decision makers to prioritize wastewater maintenance and improvements. We present a methodology for performing an integrated quantitative watershed-scale goals assessment for sustaining wastewater infrastructure. We applied this methodology to ten watersheds of the Hudson-Mohawk basin in New York State, USA that together are home to more than 2.7 million people, cover 3.5 million hectares, and contain more than 36,000 km of streams. We assembled data on 183 POTWs treating approximately 1.5 million m(3) of wastewater per day. For each watershed, we analyzed eight metrics: Growth Capacity, Capacity Density, Soil Suitability, Violations, Tributary Length Impacted, Tributary Capital Cost, Volume Capital Cost, and Population Capital Cost. These metrics were integrated into three goals for watershed-scale management: Tributary Protection, Urban Development, and Urban-Rural Integration. Our results demonstrate that the methodology can be implemented using widely available data, although some verification of data is required. Furthermore, we demonstrate substantial differences in character, need, and the appropriateness of different management strategies among the ten watersheds. These results suggest that it is feasible to perform watershed-scale goals assessment to augment existing approaches to wastewater infrastructure analysis and planning.
authors.affiliation: New York State Water Resources Institute, Department of Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell University, 1123 Bradfield Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. Electronic address: bgr4@cornell.edu.
authors.forename: Brian G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Rahm
authors.forename: Sridhar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vedachalam
authors.forename: Jerry
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Peter B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Woodbury
authors.forename: Susan J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Riha
mesh_terms: D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000379:methods*; D058735:Environmental Policy / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D006040:Goals; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009518:New York; D045483:Rivers; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D062065:Wastewater; D014876:Water Pollution / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D062065:Wastewater
keywords: Clean water state revolving fund; Infrastructure; POTW; Planning; Smart growth; Wastewater; Watershed