title: The role of computed tomography in pre-procedural planning of cardiovascular surgery and intervention.
abstract: Advances in our knowledge of cardiovascular disorders coupled with technological innovations have enabled the increased use of minimally invasive cardiovascular surgeries and transcatheter interventions, with resultant reduced morbidity and hospital stay. Three-dimensional imaging, particularly computed tomography (CT) is increasingly used for patient selection, providing a roadmap of the anatomy and identifying factors that may complicate these procedures. Advantages of CT are the rapid turnaround time, good spatial and temporal resolutions, wide field of view and three-dimensional multi-planar reconstruction capabilities. This pictorial review describes the role of CT in the pre-operative evaluation of patients undergoing cardiovascular surgeries and intervention. Main Messages • CT scan is valuable in pre-operative evaluation for cardiac surgeries • Cardiovascular structures, including bypass grafts should be located >10 mm from the sternum in patients for reoperative cardiothoracic surgeries • Knowledge of variations in pulmonary venous anatomy are essential for planning radiofrequency ablation.
authors.affiliation: Cardiothoracic Imaging, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA, radprabhakar@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Prabhakar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rajiah
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schoenhagen
references.citation: Ann Pediatr Cardiol. 2012 Jan;5(1):53-60
references.pmid: 22529604
references.citation: J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr. 2010 Nov-Dec;4(6):355-64
references.pmid: 21051310
references.citation: Ann Thorac Surg. 2008 Apr;85(4):1239-45
references.pmid: 18355503
references.citation: Ann Thorac Surg. 2008 Jan;85(1 Suppl):S1-41
references.pmid: 18083364
references.citation: J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr. 2012 Nov-Dec;6(6):366-80
references.pmid: 23217460
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 1999 Jul 15;341(3):142-7
references.pmid: 10403851
references.citation: Stroke. 2010 Dec;41(12):2872-83
references.pmid: 21051670
references.citation: JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2010 Jan;3(1):105-13
references.pmid: 20129578
references.citation: Eur Heart J. 2010 May;31(9):1114-23
references.pmid: 20173197
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 1996 Dec 19;335(25):1857-63
references.pmid: 8948560
references.citation: AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2006 Feb;186(2):342-9
references.pmid: 16423936
references.citation: Heart. 2011 May;97(9):721-6
references.pmid: 20720250
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 2000 Aug 31;343(9):611-7
references.pmid: 10965007
references.citation: Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2010 Dec;3(6):531-6
references.pmid: 21063000
references.citation: JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2009 Sep;2(9):821-7
references.pmid: 19778769
references.citation: Ann Thorac Surg. 1999 Feb;67(2):382-6
references.pmid: 10197657
references.citation: Am Heart J. 2010 Feb;159(2):301-6
references.pmid: 20152230
references.citation: Eur Radiol. 2009 Jun;19(6):1316-23
references.pmid: 19190915
references.citation: Jpn Circ J. 2000 Jan;64(1):46-50
references.pmid: 10651206
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 2010 Oct 21;363(17):1597-607
references.pmid: 20961243
references.citation: J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2008 Feb;135(2):316-23, 323.e1-6
references.pmid: 18242260
references.citation: Mayo Clin Proc. 2001 May;76(5):467-75
references.pmid: 11357793
references.citation: J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr. 2009 Mar-Apr;3(2):80-7
references.pmid: 19332340
references.citation: Eur Radiol. 2006 Nov;16(11):2491-504
references.pmid: 16715238
references.citation: JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2008 Nov;1(6):782-6
references.pmid: 19356515
references.citation: J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010 Aug 17;56(8):617-26
references.pmid: 20705218
references.citation: AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2005 Oct;185(4):1001-6
references.pmid: 16177423
references.citation: J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006 Nov 7;48(9):1832-8
references.pmid: 17084258
references.citation: Cardiol Clin. 2009 Nov;27(4):619-31
references.pmid: 19766919
references.citation: J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr. 2010 Jul-Aug;4(4):231-45
references.pmid: 20579615
references.citation: JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2008 May;1(3):321-30
references.pmid: 19356444
references.citation: J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2009 May;137(5):1258-64
references.pmid: 19380001
references.citation: Radiographics. 2008 Nov-Dec;28(7):1835-51
references.pmid: 19001643
references.citation: Circulation. 2006 Oct 10;114(15):1645-53
references.pmid: 17030704
references.citation: AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2009 Dec;193(6):1522-9
references.pmid: 19933643
references.citation: J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2009 Sep;22(9):1067-70
references.pmid: 19647411
references.citation: J Interv Cardiol. 2004 Apr;17(2):99-108
references.pmid: 15104773
references.citation: Circulation. 2008 Apr 15;117(15):1964-72
references.pmid: 18391109
references.citation: J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2007;9(4):687-95
references.pmid: 17578725
references.citation: Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2007 Oct;30(10):1215-23
references.pmid: 17897124
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 2010 May 20;362(20):1872-80
references.pmid: 20382982
references.citation: Circulation. 2007 Mar 20;115(11):1426-32
references.pmid: 17353434
references.citation: Radiographics. 2006 Nov-Dec;26(6):1769-84
references.pmid: 17102049
references.citation: J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2004 Sep;128(3):386-90
references.pmid: 15354096
references.citation: AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2007 Jul;189(1):197-203
references.pmid: 17579171
references.citation: AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2007 Feb;188(2):356-60
references.pmid: 17242242
references.citation: Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2010 Sep 1;76(3):431-9
references.pmid: 20506410
references.citation: J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2006 Oct;132(4):776-81
references.pmid: 17000287
references.citation: AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2004 Sep;183(3):767-78
references.pmid: 15333369
references.citation: Eur Heart J. 2010 Nov;31(22):2727-40
references.pmid: 20797981
references.citation: J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009 Aug 18;54(8):686-94
references.pmid: 19679246
references.citation: JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2009 May;2(5):556-65
references.pmid: 19442940
references.citation: Radiographics. 2003 Oct;23 Spec No:S3-17
references.pmid: 14557498
references.citation: Am Heart J. 2007 Dec;154(6):1199-205
references.pmid: 18035095
references.citation: Heart Rhythm. 2008 Jul;5(7):975-80
references.pmid: 18598951
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 2010 May 20;362(20):1863-71
references.pmid: 20382983
references.citation: Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2010 Feb 1;3(1):71-9
references.pmid: 20118152
references.citation: JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2010 May;3(5):524-30
references.pmid: 20488409
references.citation: Radiology. 2002 Oct;225(1):120-8
references.pmid: 12354994
references.citation: Am Heart J. 2009 Oct;158(4):562-8
references.pmid: 19781415