title: Hyperspectral microscopy for characterization of gold nanoparticles in biological media and cells for toxicity assessment.
abstract: Nanoparticles (NPs) are being implemented in a wide range of applications, and it is critical to proactively investigate their toxicity. Due to the extensive range of NPs being produced, in vitro studies are a valuable approach for toxicity screening. Key information required to support in vitro toxicity assessments include NP stability in biologically relevant media and fate once exposed to cells. Hyperspectral microscopy is a sensitive, real-time technique that combines the use of microscopy and spectroscopy for the measurement of the reflectance spectrum at individual pixels in a micrograph. This method has been used extensively for molecular imaging with plasmonic NPs as contrast agents (Aaron et al., Opt Express 16:2153-2167, 2008; Kumar et al., Nano Lett 7:1338-1343, 2007; Wax and Sokolov, Laser Photon Rev 3:146-158, 2009; Curry et al., Opt Express 14:6535-6542, 2006; Curry et al., J Biomed Opt 13:014022, 2008; Cognet et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100:11350-11355, 2003; Sokolov et al., Cancer Res 63:1999-2004, 2003; Sönnichsen et al., Nat Biotechnol 23:741-745, 2005; Nusz et al., Anal Chem 80:984-989, 2008) and/or sensors (Nusz et al., Anal Chem 80:984-989, 2008; Ungureanu et al., Sens Actuators B 150:529-536, 2010; McFarland and Van Duyne, Nano Lett 3:1057-1062, 2003; Galush et al., Nano Lett 9:2077-2082, 2009; El-Sayed et al., Nano Lett 5:829-834, 2005). Here we describe an approach for using hyperspectral microscopy to characterize the agglomeration and stability of plasmonic NPs in biological media and their interactions with cells.
authors.affiliation: Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Christin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Grabinski
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schlager
authors.forename: Saber
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hussain
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D006046:Gold / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry; D008853:Microscopy / Q000379:methods*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D006046:Gold