title: Service quality in healthcare institutions: establishing the gaps for policy action.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors seek to examine two key issues: to assess patients' hospital service quality perceptions and expectation using SERVQUAL; and to outline the distinct concepts used to assess patient perceptions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Questionnaires were administered to 250 patients on admission and follow-up visits. The 22 paired SERVQUAL expectation and perception items were adopted. Repeated t-measures and factor analysis with Varimax rotation were used to analyse data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results showed that patient expectations were not being met during medical treatment. Perceived service quality was rated lower than expectations for all variables. The mean difference between perceptions and expectations was statistically significant. Contrary to the SERVQUAL five-factor model, four service-quality factors were identified in the study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings have practical implications for hospital managers who should consider stepping up staffing levels backed by client-centred training programmes to help clinicians deliver care to patients' expectations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Limited studies are tailored towards patients' service-quality perception and expectation in Ghanaian hospitals. The findings therefore provide valuable information for policy and practice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Administration and Health Services Management, University of Ghana Business School, Accra, Ghana.
authors.forename: Aaron A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Abuosi
authors.forename: Roger A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Atinga
mesh_terms: D004645:Empathy; D005869:Ghana; D006779:Hospitals, Public / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010465:Perception; D011787:Quality of Health Care / Q000458:organization & administration*; D013997:Time Factors