title: Increased expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 associated with gastric ulcer recurrence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 in gastric ulcer (GU) and chronic superficial gastritis (CSG).
  
  
  METHODS
  This study enrolled 63 patients with GU and 25 patients with CSG. During upper gastroduodenal endoscopy, we took samples of gastric mucosa from the antrum and ulcer site from patients with GU, and samples of antral mucosa from patients with CSG. Mucosal biopsy tissues were cultured for 24 h, and the culture supernatant was measured for levels of MMP-9 and TIMP-1. After receiving eradication therapy for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and 8 wk proton-pump inhibitor therapy for GU, follow-up endoscopy examination was performed after 6 mo and whenever severe symptoms occurred.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Levels of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 at the ulcer site or in the antrum were significantly higher in GU than CSG patients. MMP-9 levels at the ulcer site were significantly higher than in the antrum in GU patients, and had a significantly positive correlation with TIMP-1. MMP-9 levels were significantly higher in H. pylori-positive than H. pylori-negative GU and CSG patients. Levels of MMP-9 or TIMP-1 at the ulcer site were associated with the histological severity of activity and inflammation. About 57 GU patients were followed up, and seven had GU recurrence. H. pyloriinfection and MMP-9 levels were risk factors for the recurrence of GU adjusted for age and sex by multiple logistic regression analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MMP-9 may perform an important function in gastric ulcer formation and recurrence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng 252000, Shandong Province, China.
authors.forename: Sen-Lin
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jing-Run
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Xiao-Yan
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Jia-Ping
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Qing-Zhu
authors.initials: QZ
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Qiu-Hua
authors.initials: QH
authors.lastname: Rong
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001706:Biopsy; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; D005260:Female; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D005756:Gastritis / Q000201:enzymology; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology / Q000382:microbiology; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012008:Recurrence; D012307:Risk Factors; D013276:Stomach Ulcer / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D013997:Time Factors; D046509:Tissue Culture Techniques; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015854:Up-Regulation; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; C560822:TIMP1 protein, human; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; C579270:MMP9 protein, human; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9
keywords: Gastric ulcer; Helicobacter pylori; Matrix metalloproteinase-9; Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1
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