title: Right-sided endomyocardial fibrosis with a right atrial thrombus: three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiographic evaluation.
abstract: Endomyocardial fibrosis is a form of restrictive cardiomyopathy mainly affecting poor children and young adults in geographically restricted areas of Latin America, Africa, and Southeast Asia. The pathophysiological hallmark of the disease is focal or diffuse endocardial thickening involving mainly the inflow, the apices, and the subvalvular region leading to valvular regurgitation, diastolic dysfunction and obliteration of the ventricular apex. Advanced right-sided disease has slow flow of blood through chambers with propensity of thrombus formation especially in the right atria. Although two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography remains the cornerstone for the diagnosis of this disease, the case presented here shows how three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography can add substantial information regarding the region of involvement of the right ventricle as well as the various characteristics of the right atrial thrombus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, King Georges' Medical University, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: Rajiv Bharat
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Kharwar
authors.forename: Rishi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sethi
authors.forename: Varun Shankar
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Narain
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D004452:Echocardiography; D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional; D004719:Endomyocardial Fibrosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*
keywords: endomyocardium; live three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography; restrictive cardiomyopathy.