title: Congenital absence of salivary glands in Down syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Children with Down syndrome have different saliva composition compared to normal children. The presence or absence of the salivary glands has not been previously reported.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the presence or absence of the salivary glands in children with Down syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  15 children with Down syndrome underwent an ultrasound examination of the salivary glands. The control group consisted of 31 healthy children. The areas of the parotid and submandibular glands on both sides were scanned in an attempt to demonstrate all four glands. The result was reported as 'present' or 'absent'.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In four children out of 15 with Down syndrome, one or more salivary glands were absent (26.7%), while in the controls all salivary glands were present. The difference between the groups was statistically significant (p=0.008). There was no significant difference between the groups regarding age and sex.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  At least one salivary gland is undetected by ultrasound in some children with Down syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Western Galilee Hospital, , Nahariya, Israel.
authors.forename: Marwan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Odeh
authors.forename: Miriyam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hershkovits
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bornstein
authors.forename: Norman
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Loberant
authors.forename: Monique
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blumenthal
authors.forename: Ella
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ophir
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D012469:Salivary Glands / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014463:Ultrasonography
keywords: Congenital Abnorm; Imaging