title: Effects of ketamine on lipopolysaccharide-induced depressive-like behavior and the expression of inflammatory cytokines in the rat prefrontal cortex.
abstract: The present study was designed to investigate the effects of ketamine on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depressive-like behavior and the expression of inflammatory cytokines in the rat prefrontal cortex. Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=10): saline group (S group), LPS only group (L group) and LPS plus ketamine group (LK group). A forced swimming test (FST) was performed. On the first day, rats were placed into water for 15 min. Twenty-four hours later, rats were treated again as in the first test for a 5 min session, and the immobility time was recorded. The prefrontal cortex was harvested for the determination of the interleukin (IL)‑1β, IL-6 and IL-10 levels. Compared with the S group, rats in the L group had significantly increased immobility time in the FST and expression of IL-1β and IL-6, and significantly decreased expression of IL-10 in the prefrontal cortex (P<0.05). However, rats in the LK group had significantly decreased immobility times in the FST and expression of IL-1β and IL-6, and significantly increased expression of IL-10 in the prefrontal cortex compared with the L group (P<0.05). Ketamine can alleviate LPS-induced depressive-like behavior, and its effect is likely associated with changes in the expression of inflammatory cytokines in the rat prefrontal cortex.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Chun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Ting-Ting
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Zhang-Jun
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Hai-Tao
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yong-Jun
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zhi-Qiang
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Jian-Jun
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D007649:Ketamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D016207:Cytokines; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016753:Interleukin-10; D007649:Ketamine