title: Structural validity and reliability of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS): evidence from a large Brazilian community sample.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Positive and negative affect are the two psychobiological-dispositional dimensions reflecting proneness to positive and negative activation that influence the extent to which individuals experience life events as joyful or as distressful. The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) is a structured questionnaire that provides independent indexes of positive and negative affect. This study aimed to validate a Brazilian interview-version of the PANAS by means of factor and internal consistency analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A representative community sample of 3,728 individuals residing in the cities of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, voluntarily completed the PANAS. Exploratory structural equation model analysis was based on maximum likelihood estimation and reliability was calculated via Cronbach's alpha coefficient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results provide support for the hypothesis that the PANAS reliably measures two distinct dimensions of positive and negative affect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The structure and reliability of the Brazilian version of the PANAS are consistent with those of its original version. Taken together, these results attest the validity of the Brazilian adaptation of the instrument.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil. hdsncarvalho@gmail.com
authors.forename: Hudson W de
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.forename: Sérgio B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Andreoli
authors.forename: Diogo R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Lara
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Patrick
authors.forename: Maria Inês
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Quintana
authors.forename: Rodrigo A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Bressan
authors.forename: Marcelo F de
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Melo
authors.forename: Jair de J
authors.initials: Jde J
authors.lastname: Mari
authors.forename: Miguel R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Jorge
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D000368:Aged; D001938:Brazil; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011581:Psychological Tests; D011594:Psychometrics; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D014175:Translating; D055815:Young Adult