title: Identification of kininogen-1 as a serum biomarker for the early detection of advanced colorectal adenoma and colorectal cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Serum markers represent potential tools for the detection of colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of this study was to obtain proteomic expression profiles and identify serum markers for the early detection of CRC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Proteomic profiles of serum samples collected from 35 healthy volunteers, 35 patients with advanced colorectal adenoma (ACA), and 40 patients with CRC were compared using Clinprot technology. Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), 366 sera samples were additionally analyzed, and immunohistochemistry studies of 400 tissues were used to verify the expression of kininogen-1 and its value in the early detection of CRC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Predicting models were established among the three groups, and kininogen-1 was identified as a potential marker for CRC using Clinprot technology. ELISAs also detected significantly higher serum kininogen-1 levels in ACA and CRC patients compared to controls (P<0.05). Furthermore, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for serum kininogen-1 in the diagnosis of ACA was 0.635 (P=0.003), and for serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was 0.453 (P=0.358). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of serum kininogen-1 for diagnosing Duke's stage A and B CRC was 70.13%, 65.88%, and 67.90%, respectively, whereas serum CEA was 38.96%, 85.88%, and 63.58%, respectively. Moreover, immunohistochemistry showed that expression of kininogen-1 was significantly higher in CRC and ACA tissues than in normal mucosa (48.39% vs. 15.58% vs. 0%, P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that Clinprot technology provides a useful tool for the diagnosis of CRC, and kininogen-1 is a potential serum biomarker for the early detection of advanced colorectal adenoma and CRC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xinying
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Shiyong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Chudi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Congrong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Qunying
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007704:Kininogens / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D040901:Proteomics
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D007704:Kininogens
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