title: Human placenta as an ex vivo vascular model for neurointerventional research.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Human placenta is a convenient resource for biomedical research, and has not yet been used for neurointerventional surgery research.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our objective was to explore the feasibility of using human placenta to test various endovascular interventions and for training.
  
  
  METHODS
  18 placentas soon after delivery were prepared for six pilot studies. (1) Study on anatomical similarity to human cerebral vessel. (2) Simulation of stent assisted coiling and flow diversion on an aneurysm model. (3) Simulation of intra-arterial thrombolysis. (4) Simulation of embolization of arteriovenous malformation with glues. (5) Simulation of mechanical thrombolysis and comparison of different devices. (6) Vascular model for training of neurointerventionalists.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When the chorionic plate vessels were compared with the cerebral cortical vessels, similarities were found in vascular branch patterns, histological cross sections, and angiographic appearances. Due to the semitransparency of its vessel wall, performance of flow diverter and stent assisted coiling of an aneurysm could be visualized under direct microscopic observation. Similarly, timing of clot lysis and glue polymerization could be estimated. Endothelial change after thrombectomy could be assessed by histological methods. From these pilot studies, the placenta model could be adopted to simulate various clinical situations. It is also ideal for interventional radiology training.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is feasible to adopt the human placenta as an ex vivo vascular model in neurointerventional surgery research due to the fact that its vessels resemble the brain vasculature.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Kwong Wah Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: John Ching Kwong
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Kwok
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Wing-Cheong
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: Siu-Ki
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Kwong-Yau
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Kar-Ming
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: Alberto Chi Ho
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: Alexander Kar Ngai
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Lam
mesh_terms: D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000379:methods*; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D009493:Neurosurgery / Q000193:education*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D010920:Placenta / Q000098:blood supply*; D011247:Pregnancy; D017131:Thrombectomy / Q000193:education / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Angiography; Artery; Intervention; Thrombectomy; Thrombolysis
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