title: Increased phosphorylation of AKT in high-risk gastric mucosa.
abstract: To establish the role of oxidative stress and v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog (AKT) activation in gastric cancer development, we examined the levels of phosphorylated AKT (pAKT), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nitrotyrosine (NT), and human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 73 non-cancerous gastric mucosa and 10 gastric carcinomas. We found that the levels of pAKT were associated with the levels of iNOS, NT, and hTERT. Gastric mucosa was classified into four categories: chronic gastritis without Helicobacter pylori (CG), chronic active gastritis with H. pylori (CAG), chronic metaplastic gastritis without H. pylori (CMG), and chronic gastritis with atypia without H. pylori (CGA). We found increasing levels of pAKT, iNOS, and NT in the order of CG, CAG, CMG, and CGA. hTERT was detected only in CGA. These findings suggest that oxidative stress might be associated with AKT activation and hTERT induction and that mucosa in CGA might confer a high-risk status for gastric carcinogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan. cooninh@zb4.so-net.ne.jp
authors.forename: Takamitsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kuniyasu
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Misaho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kitayoshi
authors.forename: Eriko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tanabe
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shinya
authors.forename: Kiyomu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohmori
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamashita
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology*; D019098:Telomerase / Q000378:metabolism; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D009569:Nitric Oxide; C002744:3-nitrotyrosine; D014443:Tyrosine; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; C509186:TERT protein, human; D019098:Telomerase
keywords: AKT; hTERT; iNOS; oxidative stress