title: Three-dimensional evaluation of postoperative swelling in treatment of zygomatic bone fractures using two different cooling therapy methods: a randomized, observer-blind, prospective study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Surgical treatment and complications in patients with zygomatic bone fractures can lead to a significant degree of tissue trauma resulting in common postoperative symptoms and types of pain, facial swelling and functional impairment. Beneficial effects of local cold treatment on postoperative swelling, edema, pain, inflammation, and hemorrhage, as well as the reduction of metabolism, bleeding and hematomas, have been described.The aim of this study was to compare postoperative cooling therapy applied through the use of cooling compresses with the water-circulating cooling face mask manufactured by Hilotherm in terms of beneficial impact on postoperative facial swelling, pain, eye motility, diplopia, neurological complaints and patient satisfaction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-two patients were selected for treatment of unilateral zygomatic bone fractures and were divided randomly to one of two treatments: either a Hilotherm cooling face mask or conventional cooling compresses. Cooling was initiated as soon as possible after surgery until postoperative day 3 and was applied continuously for 12 hours daily. Facial swelling was quantified through a three-dimensional optical scanning technique. Furthermore, pain, neurological complaints, eye motility, diplopia and patient satisfaction were observed for each patient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients receiving a cooling therapy by Hilotherm demonstrated significantly less facial swelling, less pain, reduced limitation of eye motility and diplopia, fewer neurological complaints and were more satisfied compared to patients receiving conventional cooling therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hilotherapy is more efficient in managing postoperative swelling and pain after treatment of unilateral zygomatic bone fractures than conventional cooling.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  German Clinical Trials Register ID: DRKS00004846.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral, Maxillofacial and Plastic Facial Surgery, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, Aachen 52074, Germany.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Modabber
authors.forename: Madiha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rana
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghassemi
authors.forename: Marcus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gerressen
authors.forename: Nils-Claudius
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Gellrich
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hölzle
authors.forename: Majeed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rana
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D004172:Diplopia / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D004487:Edema / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005133:Eye Movements; D005157:Facial Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D005592:Fracture Fixation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult; D015051:Zygomatic Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics
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