title: Musculoskeletal ageing and primary prevention.
abstract: Loss of musculoskeletal mass and function is a natural ageing trait, reinforced by an unhealthy life style. Loss of bone (osteoporosis) and muscle (sarcopaenia) are conditions whose prevalence are increasing because of the change in population distribution in the western world towards an older mean age. Improvements in lifestyle factors, such as diet, smoking and exercise, are the most powerful tools to combat this decline efficiently; however, public health interventions aimed at tackling these problems have shown abysmal success at the population level, mostly due to failure in compliance. With these issues in mind, we believe that the primary prevention modality in coming decades will be pharmacological. We review the basic biology of musculoskeletal ageing and what measures can be taken to prevent ageing-associated loss of musculoskeletal mass and function, with particular emphasis on pharmacological means.
authors.affiliation: Nordic Bioscience Biomarkers and Research, Herlev Hovedgade 207, 2720 Herlev, Denmark; Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Hospital, Building 8, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen NW, Denmark. Electronic address: anders.fabricius.nedergaard@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nedergaard
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Henriksen
authors.forename: Morten A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Karsdal
authors.forename: Claus
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Christiansen
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D000728:Androgens / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D009142:Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011322:Primary Prevention / Q000379:methods*; D055948:Sarcopenia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016540:Smoking Cessation
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators
keywords: SARM; SERM; hormone replacement therapy; osteoporosis; prevention; primary prevention; sarcopenia