title: Geographic and racial disparities in breast cancer-related outcomes in Georgia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure the effects of race/ethnicity, area measures of socioeconomic status (SES) and geographic residency status, and health care supply (HCS) characteristics on breast cancer (BC)-related outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Female patients in Georgia diagnosed with BC in the years 2000-2009.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multilevel regression analysis with adjustment for variables at the county, census tract (CT), and individual level. The county represents the spatial unit of analysis for HCS. SES and geographic residency status were grouped at the CT level.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Even after controlling for area-level characteristics, racial and ethnic minority women suffered an unequal BC burden. Despite inferior outcomes for disease stage and receipt of treatment, Hispanics had a marginally significant decreased risk of death compared with non-Hispanics. Higher CT poverty was associated with worse BC-related outcomes. Residing in small, isolated rural areas increased the odds of receiving surgery, decreased the odds of receiving radiotherapy, and decreased the risk of death. A higher per-capita availability of BC care physicians was significantly associated with decreased risk of death.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Race/ethnicity and area-level measures of SES, geographic residency status, and HCS contribute to disparities in BC-related outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Health Sciences Division, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL.
authors.forename: Talar W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Markossian
authors.forename: Robin B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Hines
authors.forename: Rana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bayakly
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D005845:Georgia / Q000453:epidemiology; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D054625:Healthcare Disparities / Q000208:ethnology*; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D012111:Residence Characteristics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018426:SEER Program; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D044465:White People; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Breast cancer; cancer-related outcomes; contextual factors; disparities; health care supply
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