title: Why skill matters.
abstract: Maximizing rewards per unit time is ideal for success and survival in humans and animals. This goal can be approached by speeding up behavior aiming at rewards and this is done most efficiently by acquiring skills. Importantly, reward-directed skills consist of two components: finding a good object (i.e., object skill) and acting on the object (i.e., action skill), which occur sequentially. Recent studies suggest that object skill is based on high-capacity memory for object-value associations. When a learned object is encountered the corresponding memory is quickly expressed as a value-based gaze bias, leading to the automatic acquisition or avoidance of the object. Object skill thus plays a crucial role in increasing rewards per unit time.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Sensorimotor Research, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. oh@lsr.nei.nih.gov
authors.forename: Okihide
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hikosaka
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Masaharu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yasuda
authors.forename: Hyoung F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001288:Attention; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D005133:Eye Movements; D006801:Humans; D009042:Motivation / Q000502:physiology*; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000502:physiology; D012201:Reward; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Object–value memory; automaticity; gaze; reward delay; saccade; stable value
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