title: Locomotor adaptation and locomotor adaptive learning in Parkinson's disease and normal aging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Locomotor adaptation enables safe, efficient navigation among changing environments. We investigated how healthy young (HYA) and older (HOA) adults and persons with Parkinson's disease (PD) adapt to walking on a split-belt treadmill, retain adapted gait parameters during re-adaptation, and store aftereffects to conventional treadmill walking.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirteen PD, fifteen HYA, and fifteen HOA walked on a split-belt treadmill for ten minutes with one leg twice as fast as the other. Participants later re-adapted to the same conditions to assess retention of the split-belt gait pattern. After re-adaptation, we assessed aftereffects of this pattern during conventional treadmill walking.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Persons with PD exhibited step length asymmetry throughout many adaptation and adaptive learning conditions. Early adaptation was similar across groups, though HYA and HOA continued to adapt into late adaptation while PD did not. Despite pervasive step length asymmetry among conditions which were symmetric in HYA and HOA, persons with PD demonstrated significant step length aftereffects during conventional treadmill walking after split-belt walking.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Though they may exhibit a default asymmetry under various walking conditions, persons with PD can adapt and store new walking patterns.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Locomotor adaptation therapy may be effective in ameliorating asymmetric gait deficits in persons with PD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, USA; Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, University of Florida, USA.
authors.forename: Ryan T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Roemmich
authors.affiliation: VA Rehabilitation R&D Center of Excellence, Atlanta VAMC, USA; Department of Neurology, Emory University, USA.
authors.forename: Joe R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Nocera
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, USA; Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, University of Florida, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Stegemöller
authors.affiliation: Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, University of Florida, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Florida, USA; Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55095, USA.
authors.forename: Anhar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.affiliation: Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, University of Florida, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Florida, USA.
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Okun
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, USA; Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, University of Florida, USA. Electronic address: cjhass@hhp.ufl.edu.
authors.forename: Chris J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Hass
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Adaptation; Aging; Gait; Motor learning; Parkinson’s disease; Split-belt treadmill
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