title: Tolerogenic vaccination reduced effector memory CD4 T cells and induced effector memory Treg cells for type I diabetes treatment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vaccination could induce immune tolerance and protected NOD mice from the development of type I diabetes (T1D). We previously demonstrated that insulin peptide (B9-23) combined with dexamethasone (DEX) stimulated the expansion of antigen specific regulatory T (Treg) cells which in turn effectively prevented T1D in NOD mice. Here, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of tolerogenic vaccination for T1D treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The diabetic NOD mice (Blood glucose level ≧250 mg/dl) were treated with B9-23 and DEX twice. The tolerance was restored by blocking maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) and inducing Treg cells in treated NOD mice. Remarkably, the reduction of autoreactive effector memory CD4 T (Tm) cells and the induction of functional effector memory Treg (mTreg) cells contributed to the improvement of T1D in treated NOD mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tolerogenic vaccination restored tolerance and ameliorated T1D by suppressing effector CD4 Tm cells and inducing effector mTreg cells. Our findings implicate the potential of tolerogenic vaccination for T1D treatment.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jingyao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Wenjuan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Jingjing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Yongliang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Qirui
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Yanxin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Guoliang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Youmin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015551:Autoimmunity / Q000187:drug effects; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D007156:Immunologic Memory; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D016688:Mice, Inbred NOD; D010179:Pancreas / Q000276:immunology; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology*; D014611:Vaccination
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C097877:insulin B (9-23); D003907:Dexamethasone
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