title: Impact of the LDL subfraction phenotype on Lp-PLA2 distribution, LDL modification and HDL composition in type 2 diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Qualitative alterations of lipoproteins underlie the high incidence of atherosclerosis in diabetes. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) subfraction phenotype on the qualitative characteristics of LDL and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in patients with type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred twenty two patients with type 2 diabetes in poor glycemic control and 54 healthy subjects were included in the study. Patients were classified according to their LDL subfraction phenotype. Seventy-seven patients presented phenotype A whereas 45 had phenotype B. All control subjects showed phenotype A. Several forms of modified LDL, HDL composition and the activity and distribution of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Oxidized LDL, glycated LDL and electronegative LDL were increased in both groups of patients compared with the control group. Patients with phenotype B had increased oxidized LDL and glycated LDL concentration than patients with phenotype A. HDL composition was abnormal in patients with diabetes, being these abnormalities more marked in patients with phenotype B. Total Lp-PLA2 activity was higher in phenotype B than in phenotype A or in control subjects. The distribution of Lp-PLA2 between HDL and apoB-containing lipoproteins differed in patients with phenotype A and phenotype B, with higher activity associated to apoB-containing lipoproteins in the latter.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of LDL subfraction phenotype B is associated with increased oxidized LDL, glycated LDL and Lp-PLA2 activity associated to apoB-containing lipoproteins, as well as with abnormal HDL composition.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Research Institute IIB Sant Pau, Cardiovascular Biochemistry Group, C/ Antoni Maria Claret, 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain. jsanchezq@santpau.cat
authors.forename: Jose Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Quesada
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Vinagre
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: De Juan-Franco
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Hernández
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bonet-Marques
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Blanco-Vaca
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ordóñez-Llanos
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pérez
mesh_terms: D043203:1-Alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine Esterase / Q000378:metabolism*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000378:metabolism; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D057075:Enzyme Assays; D005260:Female; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D006801:Humans; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010641:Phenotype; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D000093844:Glycated Proteins
chemical_list: D043203:1-Alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine Esterase; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D014280:Triglycerides; C031797:glycated lipoproteins, LDL; D000093844:Glycated Proteins; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein; C468406:PON1 protein, human
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