title: Robotic laparoendoscopic single-site transumbilical partial nephrectomy: functional and oncologic outcomes at 2 years.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the functional and oncologic outcomes of robotic laparoendoscopic single site surgery (LESS) partial nephrectomy with a minimum of 2-year follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-nine consecutive patients who had undergone robotic LESS partial nephrectomy were identified with a minimum of 2-year follow-up. Perioperative data were recorded along with functional and oncologic outcomes. Patient's estimated glomerular filtration rate was determined using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease formula. A univariate analysis was performed using independent samples t test. Data are presented as medians with interquartile range and counts or frequencies with percentages or proportion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median age was 51 (45, 59). The median resected tumor size was 3 cm (2, 3.7), and the median operative time was 185 minutes (135, 237). The median estimated blood loss was 150 mL (70, 150), and the median warm ischemia time was 25 minutes (17, 35). The estimated glomerular filtration rate did not change significantly at 24 month follow-up with a mean decrease of 6.4 mL/minute/1.73 m(2) (-7.5%, P = .22). Renal cell carcinoma was confirmed in 33 patients (85%) with tumor stage pT1a in 26 patients (78%). There was 1 patient with a positive surgical margin. At a median follow-up of 26 months (24, 32), there was no local recurrence and only 1 distant recurrence was detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study appears to be the first to report on intermediate term functional and oncologic outcomes after robotic LESS partial nephrectomy. It has shown comparable results with other minimal invasive surgical options.
authors.affiliation: Urological Society of Australia and New Zealand, Edgecliff, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tiu
authors.forename: Tae Y
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Kwang H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sey K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Woong K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Koon H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Rha
mesh_terms: D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018365:Neoplasm, Residual; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D012371:Robotics; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D052096:Warm Ischemia