title: Monthly use of a real-time continuous glucose monitoring system as an educational and motivational tool for poorly controlled type 1 diabetes adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Experience with the use of real-time continuous glucose monitoring systems (RT-CGMS) in teenagers with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is limited. We aimed to assess the possibility of glycaemic control improvement and to characterize the group of adolescents, who may gain long-term benefits from the use of the RT-CGMS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty T1DM patients, aged 14.6 ± 2.1 years, with diabetes duration 7.4 ± 3.6 years and initial HbA₁c 9.3 ± 1.5% were recruited. The analysis was based on one-month glucose sensors use, combined with the thorough family support. Patients were analysed in groups according to baseline HbA₁c: below and above 7.5%, and 10.0%. Comparison between patients with or without improvement in HbA₁c after 3-month follow-up was also performed. Patients' satisfaction based on the questionnaire was assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HbA₁c level in entire study group decreased after three months, from 9.3 ± 1.0% to 8.8 ± 1.6% (P<0.001). In the group with HbA1c improvement, reduction was the highest: 9.0 ± 1.3% vs. 8.0 ± 1.2% (P<0.001). Only the group with initial HbA₁c>10% did not achieve significant improvement: 11.2 ± 0.5% vs. 10.9 ± 1.1 (P=0.06). In satisfaction questionnaire the lowest scores (negative opinion) were reported by group of patients with initial HbA₁c above 10%, while the highest scores (positive opinion) were found in the group with improvement of HbA₁c after 3 month follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Short-term use of CGMS RT, united with satisfaction questionnaire, performed in poorly controlled teenagers with T1DM, can be useful in defining the group of young patients, who can benefit from long-term CGMS RT use in metabolic control improvement.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Głowińska-Olszewska
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tobiaszewska
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Łuczyński
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bossowski
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015190:Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D000297:Psychology, Adolescent; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human