title: Can the school context moderate the protective effect of parental support on adolescents' alcohol trajectories in urban Chicago?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Research explaining school effects on alcohol use is scare. This study examined the interactive effect between family support and school characteristics (size, poverty, and sector) on adolescents' alcohol use trajectories in Chicago.
  
  
  METHODS
  Longitudinal and multilevel data were from the Project of Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods and the Common Core of Data (National Center for Educational Statistics). The sample consisted of 2205 adolescents in 558 schools. A three-level hierarchical linear model was used to estimate multilevel growth curve models and school effects on alcohol trajectories.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In addition to the strong relationship between parental support and alcohol trajectories; the results also found school effects on the average baseline of alcohol use and the rates of change across time. Interestingly, high levels of parental support were more effective in preventing alcohol use in public schools, while adolescents attending private schools with low levels of parental support were more likely to consume alcohol. Similarly, students attending public schools with higher rates of poverty who enjoy higher levels of parental support were less likely to consume alcohol compared to students with lower parental support attending lower rates of schools poverty.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Key findings highlight the importance of the interaction between parental support and school characteristics meaning that protective factors provided by parents could be reinforced or diminished by the school context.
authors.affiliation: University of Michigan SSW, 1080 S. University, Rm B660, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States. Electronic address: fandrade@umich.edu.
authors.forename: Fernando H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Andrade
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D000367:Age Factors; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D002641:Chicago / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005006:Ethnicity; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009790:Occupations; D010290:Parents; D010379:Peer Group; D012067:Religion; D012574:Schools; D012931:Social Environment; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014505:Urban Population
keywords: Alcohol trajectories; Parental support; School context
references.citation: Subst Use Misuse. 2000 Mar;35(4):617-30
references.pmid: 10741544
references.citation: J Abnorm Child Psychol. 1993 Dec;21(6):609-29
references.pmid: 8126316
references.citation: J Adolesc. 2012 Apr;35(2):315-24
references.pmid: 21907402
references.citation: Am J Community Psychol. 2004 Sep;34(1-2):71-82
references.pmid: 15495795
references.citation: J Adolesc Health. 2008 Mar;42(3):209-20
references.pmid: 18295128
references.citation: J Adolesc. 1991 Sep;14(3):255-73
references.pmid: 1835984
references.citation: J Health Soc Behav. 2006 Sep;47(3):275-90
references.pmid: 17066777
references.citation: Drug Alcohol Depend. 2006 Mar 15;82(1):61-76
references.pmid: 16150555
references.citation: J Sch Health. 1997 Dec;67(10):434-40
references.pmid: 9503350
references.citation: Child Dev. 2003 Jan-Feb;74(1):279-91
references.pmid: 12625450
references.citation: J Sch Health. 2002 Apr;72(4):138-46
references.pmid: 12029810
references.citation: Am J Public Health. 2000 Dec;90(12):1879-84
references.pmid: 11111260
references.citation: Am J Public Health. 1991 Mar;81(3):372-7
references.pmid: 1994746
references.citation: Pediatrics. 1994 Jun;93(6 Pt 2):1060-4
references.pmid: 8197008
references.citation: Am J Public Health. 2005 Feb;95(2):224-32
references.pmid: 15671454
references.citation: Health Educ Q. 1987 Summer;14(2):207-21
references.pmid: 3597110
references.citation: Prev Sci. 2002 Jun;3(2):105-24
references.pmid: 12088136
references.citation: Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2002 May;156(5):448-53
references.pmid: 11980549
references.citation: Drug Alcohol Depend. 2006 Sep 1;84(1):56-68
references.pmid: 16413142
references.citation: Am J Public Health. 2005 May;95(5):894-9
references.pmid: 15855471