title: Helminth-excreted/secreted products are recognized by multiple receptors on DCs to block the TLR response and bias Th2 polarization in a cRAF dependent pathway.
abstract: Dendritic cells (DCs) recognize pathogens and initiate the T-cell response. The DC-helminth interaction induces an immature phenotype in DCs; as a result, these DCs display impaired responses to TLR stimulation and prime Th2-type responses. However, the DC receptors and intracellular pathways targeted by helminth molecules and their importance in the initiation of the Th2 response are poorly understood. In this report, we found that products excreted/secreted by Taenia crassiceps (TcES) triggered cRAF phosphorylation through MGL, MR, and TLR2. TcES interfered with the LPS-induced NFκB p65 and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. In addition, TcES-induced cRAF signaling pathway was critical for down-regulation of the TLR-mediated DC maturation and secretion of IL-12 and TNF-α. Finally, we show for the first time that blocking cRAF in DCs abolishes their ability to induce Th2 polarization in vitro after TcES exposure. Our data demonstrate a new mechanism by which helminths target intracellular pathways to block DC maturation and efficiently program Th2 polarization.
authors.affiliation: 1A.S., Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. abhay.satoskar@osumc.edu.
authors.forename: César A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Terrazas
authors.forename: Marcela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alcántara-Hernández
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bonifaz
authors.forename: Luis I
authors.initials: LI
authors.lastname: Terrazas
authors.forename: Abhay R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Satoskar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001212:Asialoglycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D015536:Down-Regulation; D056747:Immunomodulation; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000378:metabolism; D037181:Lectins, C-Type / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D000090323:Mannose Receptor; D037241:Mannose-Binding Lectins / Q000378:metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010766:Phosphorylation; D019908:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf / Q000378:metabolism*; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism; D013621:Taenia / Q000276:immunology*; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001212:Asialoglycoproteins; C064720:Clec10a protein, mouse; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D000090323:Mannose Receptor; D037241:Mannose-Binding Lectins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D018664:Interleukin-12; D019908:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
keywords: CLRs; MGL; dendritic cell; immunomodulation; mannose receptor
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