title: Variations in both TG1 and TG2 isozyme-specific in situ activities and protein expressions during mouse embryonic development.
abstract: Transglutaminase (TG) is a family of enzymes that catalyzes cross-linking reactions among proteins. Using fluorescent-labeled highly reactive substrate peptides, we recently developed a system to visualize isozyme-specific in situ enzymatic activity. In the present study, we investigated the in situ activities of TG1 (skin-type) and TG2 (tissue-type) using whole mouse sections of various embryonic developmental stages and neonates. In each case, we also successfully used immunostaining of identical whole mouse sections for protein expression after detection of enzymatic activities. In general, the enzymatic activity was correlated with TG protein expression. However, in some tissues, TG protein expression patterns, which were inconsistent with the enzymatic activities, suggested that inactive TGs were produced possibly by self cross-linking or other modifications. Our method allowed us to simultaneously observe developmental variations in both TG isozyme-specific activities and protein levels in mouse embryonic and neonate tissues.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences (MI), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Miho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tatsukawa
authors.forename: Lee
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Eun-Seo
authors.forename: Kiyofumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamanishi
authors.forename: Soichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.forename: Kiyotaka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hitomi
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005260:Female; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice / Q000196:embryology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010455:Peptides / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D000091345:Protein Glutamine gamma Glutamyltransferase 2; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000379:methods; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D011503:Transglutaminases / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; D010455:Peptides; D000091345:Protein Glutamine gamma Glutamyltransferase 2; D011503:Transglutaminases; C105804:transglutaminase 1; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins; D002118:Calcium
keywords: calcium; development; embryo; transglutaminase
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