title: Turn-over orbital septal flap and levator recession for upper-eyelid retraction secondary to thyroid eye disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A turn-over septal flap has been reported as a spacer for levator lengthening in a single case report. This study reports the preliminary outcomes of this technique in a series of patients with upper-lid retraction (ULR) associated with thyroid eye disease (TED) causing symptomatic exposure keratopathy (EK).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective, multicenter study of 12 eyelids of 10 patients with TED undergoing a transcutaneous levator-lengthening technique using the reflected orbital septum (OS) as a spacer. Change in palpebral aperture (PA) and contour, position of the skin crease (SC), symptoms of EK, and complications were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average age was 47.5 years. Two patients were excluded, as their septa were found to be very thin at surgery. At an average of 13 months postoperatively, the PA was reduced by 2.5 mm on average (P<0.001) and was within 1 mm of the contralateral eyelid in 11 cases (92%); the position of the SC was within 1 mm of the desired position in all cases. EK resolved in all cases. Complications included one case of overcorrection and one case of recurrent lateral flare.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The turn-over orbital septal flap technique may be a viable option as an autogenous spacer for the treatment of ULR in TED. This technique may be possible in cases where the OS has been opened by previous surgery but may not be feasible in patients in whom the septum is very thin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: P N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Shams
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Katori
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Selva
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005141:Eyelid Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D005143:Eyelids / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D049970:Graves Ophthalmopathy / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D055815:Young Adult
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