title: Effectiveness of maifanite in reducing the detrimental effects of cadmium on growth performance, cadmium residue, hematological parameters, serum biochemistry, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes in pigs.
abstract: This study was conducted to investigate the toxicity of cadmium and to evaluate the effectiveness of maifanite in preventing cadmium-induced adverse effects. Thirty-two crossbred pigs (Duroc × Landrace × Large white, sex balanced, 17.25 ± 0.07 kg average body weight) were randomly allotted to one of four dietary treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, with eight replicates per treatment and one pig per replicate. The dietary treatments included two cadmium (as CdCl2) doses (0.32 and 30.49 mg/kg) and two maifanite doses (0 and 1%). The results showed that pigs treated with cadmium decreased their average daily feed intake (P < 0.05) and increased (P < 0.05) the feed/gain ratio. Cadmium was found in the tissues of pigs that were fed with cadmium-contaminated diets, but the level of cadmium was much lower when maifanite was added to the cadmium-contaminated diets. Ingestion of diets that were artificially contaminated with cadmium (30.49 mg/kg of cadmium) reduced (P < 0.05) the number of lymphocytes, the total erythrocyte count, the hemoglobin level, and the hematocrit. However, the activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase and gamma glutamyltransferase were increased (P < 0.05). The total protein level was lower (P < 0.05) in pigs fed with cadmium-contaminated diets. The contents of malondialdehyde increased (P < 0.05), while the total antioxidant capacity and the activities of total superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, and catalase decreased (P < 0.05) in pigs fed with cadmium-contaminated diets. Dietary addition of maifanite can, to some extent, prevent the negative effects associated with feeding cadmium diets (30.49 mg/kg of cadmium) to pigs.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: W X
authors.initials: WX
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Shan
mesh_terms: D000538:Aluminum Silicates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D001772:Blood Cell Count; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002104:Cadmium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D011897:Random Allocation; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine; D013997:Time Factors; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D000975:Antioxidants; D006454:Hemoglobins; D002104:Cadmium; C049037:aluminosilicate; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases