title: odd-skipped related 2 is required for fin chondrogenesis in zebrafish.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  odd-skipped related 2 (osr2) encodes a vertebrate ortholog of the Drosophila odd-skipped zinc-finger transcription factor. Osr2 in mouse is required for proper palate, eyelid, and bone development. Zebrafish knock-down experiments have also suggested a role for osr2, along with its paralog osr1, in early pectoral fin specification and pronephric development.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We show here that osr2 has a specific function later in development, independent of osr1, in the regulation of sox9a expression and promoting fin chondrogenesis. mRNA in situ hybridization demonstrated osr2 expression in the developing floorplate and later during organogenesis in the pronephros and gut epithelium. In the pectoral fin buds, osr2 was specifically expressed in fin mesenchyme. osr2 knock down in zebrafish embryos disrupted both three and five zinc finger alternatively spliced osr2 isoforms and eliminated wild-type osr2 mRNA. osr2 morphants exhibited normal pectoral fin bud specification but exhibited defective fin chondrogenesis, with loss of differentiated chondrocytes. Defects in chondrogenesis were paralleled by loss of sox9a as well as subsequent col2a1 expression, linking osr2 function to essential regulators of chondrogenesis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The zebrafish odd-skipped related 2 gene regulates sox9a and col2a1 expression in chondrocyte development and is specifically required for zebrafish fin morphogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, and Harvard Medical School Department of Genetics, Charlestown, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Pui-Ying
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: Caramai N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Kamei
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mangos
authors.forename: Sudha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mudumana
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Iain A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Drummond
mesh_terms: D058500:Animal Fins / Q000166:cytology*; D000818:Animals; D020219:Chondrogenesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000196:embryology* / Q000235:genetics; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014157:Transcription Factors; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins
keywords: chondrogenesis; odd-skipped related 2; pectoral fin; zebrafish
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