title: Detection of γ-H2AX, a Biomarker for DNA Double-strand Breaks, in Urinary Bladders of N -Butyl- N -(4-Hydroxybutyl)-Nitrosamine-Treated Rats.
abstract: To evaluate the potential role of DNA repair in bladder carcinogenesis, we performed an immunohistochemical analysis of expression of various DNA repair enzymes and γ-H2AX, a high-sensitivity marker of DNA double-strand breaks, in the urothelium of male F344 rats treated with N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)-nitrosamine (BBN), a bladder-specific carcinogen. Our results clearly demonstrated that γ-H2AX aggregation was specifically generated in nuclei of bladder epithelial cells of BBN-treated rats, which was not found in untreated controls or mesenchymal cells. γ-H2AX-positive cells were detected not only in hyperplastic and neoplastic areas but also in the normal-like urothelium after BBN treatment. These data indicate that γ-H2AX has potential as a useful biomarker for early detection of genotoxicity in the rat urinary bladder. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating expression of γ-H2AX during bladder carcinogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Toyoda
authors.forename: Jun-Ichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Akagi
authors.forename: Young-Man
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Yasuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mizuta
authors.forename: Saeko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Onami
authors.forename: Isamu
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Kumiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ogawa
keywords: DNA repair; N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)-nitrosamine; double-strand breaks; urinary bladder; γ-H2AX
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