title: Pelvic girdle pain in Indian postpartum women: a cross-sectional study.
abstract: During pregnancy or postpartum period many women will experience some degree of pelvic girdle pain (PGP). In India, there is no information about the PGP prevalence and its associated factors evaluated during postpartum period.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To reveal the prevalence of PGP postpartum in Indian women and identify associated factors with PGP postpartum.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this cross-sectional study, 284 postpartum women completed a questionnaire and underwent clinical examinations. The clinical examination included pain provocation tests for the pelvic as well as the active straight leg raise (ASLR) test. Possible associating factors were studied by using nonparametric tests and logistic regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 116 postpartum women (41%) had reported PGP at the time of the examination. A stepwise logistic regression analysis was performed to reveal associated factors. In the final model, factors such as (1) Caesarean delivery (adjusted OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.3-4.9); (2) ASLR test score ≥4 (adjusted OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.2-3.3); (3) Unilateral P4 test (adjusted OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.1-3.0); and (4) Sitting position during feeding (adjusted OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 0.9-2.8) were associated with the PGP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found a high prevalence of PGP in Indian women during the first three months of postpartum period. Our finding suggests that unilateral posterior pelvic pain provocation test (P4), ASLR test score ≥4, caesarean section delivery and sitting in breast-feeding posture were associated with increased risk of PGP during postpartum.
authors.affiliation: SDM College of Physiotherapy , Dharwad, Karnataka , India .
authors.forename: Prashant
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mukkannavar
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Desai
authors.forename: Umasankar
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Mohanty
authors.forename: Shweta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kulkarni
authors.forename: Vijeta
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Parvatikar
authors.forename: Sneha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Daiwajna
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001942:Breast Feeding / Q000009:adverse effects; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000009:adverse effects; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010147:Pain Measurement; D059388:Pelvic Girdle Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D049590:Postpartum Period; D011187:Posture; D011247:Pregnancy; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult