title: Associations between child disabilities and caregiver discipline and violence in low- and middle-income countries.
abstract: Using nationally representative samples of 45,964 two- to nine-year-old children and their primary caregivers in 17 developing countries, this study examined the relations between children's cognitive, language, sensory, and motor disabilities and caregivers' use of discipline and violence. Primary caregivers reported on their child's disabilities and whether they or anyone in their household had used nonviolent discipline, psychological aggression, and physical violence toward the target child and believed that using corporal punishment is necessary. Logistic regression analyses supported the hypothesis that children with disabilities are treated more harshly than children without disabilities. The findings suggest that policies and interventions are needed to work toward the United Nations' goals of ensuring that children with disabilities are protected from abuse and violence.
authors.affiliation: National Institutes of Health.
authors.forename: Charlene
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hendricks
authors.forename: Jennifer E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Lansford
authors.forename: Kirby
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Deater-Deckard
authors.forename: Marc H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Bornstein
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D003906:Developing Countries; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000209:etiology*; D019988:Children with Disabilities / Q000523:psychology*; D017579:Domestic Violence / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007805:Language Development Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011596:Psychomotor Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D011678:Punishment / Q000523:psychology*; D012678:Sensation Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
references.citation: Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev. 2000 Dec;3(4):199-221
references.pmid: 11225737
references.citation: Behav Brain Sci. 2010 Jun;33(2-3):61-83; discussion 83-135
references.pmid: 20550733
references.citation: Soc Sci Med. 1994 May;38(9):1289-97
references.pmid: 8016692
references.citation: Pediatrics. 2004 Sep;114(3):633-9
references.pmid: 15342832
references.citation: Inj Control Saf Promot. 2004 Jun;11(2):81-90
references.pmid: 15370344
references.citation: Lancet. 2008 Jan 19;371(9608):243-60
references.pmid: 18207566
references.citation: Int J Rehabil Res. 1992;15(2):115-27
references.pmid: 1388141
references.citation: Child Dev. 2005 Nov-Dec;76(6):1234-46
references.pmid: 16274437
references.citation: Res Dev Disabil. 2012 Nov-Dec;33(6):2213-20
references.pmid: 22820061
references.citation: Child Abuse Negl. 1985;9(2):225-35
references.pmid: 4005663
references.citation: Child Abuse Negl. 1998 Apr;22(4):249-70
references.pmid: 9589178
references.citation: Int J Epidemiol. 1990 Sep;19(3):613-20
references.pmid: 2148168
references.citation: Child Dev. 2012 Jan-Feb;83(1):16-31
references.pmid: 22277004
references.citation: J Fam Psychol. 2005 Jun;19(2):294-304
references.pmid: 15982107
references.citation: Child Abuse Negl. 2000 Oct;24(10):1257-73
references.pmid: 11075694
references.citation: J Behav Med. 1994 Jun;17(3):225-72
references.pmid: 7932680
references.citation: Child Abuse Negl. 2004 Sep;28(9):925-37
references.pmid: 15450759
references.citation: Sex Abuse. 2008 Mar;20(1):5-24
references.pmid: 18420554
references.citation: Early Hum Dev. 2002 Dec;70(1-2):3-14
references.pmid: 12441200
references.citation: J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2008 Jan;33(1):10-6
references.pmid: 18197267
references.citation: J Health Popul Nutr. 2012 Dec;30(4):472-86
references.pmid: 23304914
references.citation: Int J Rehabil Res. 1986;9(4):355-62
references.pmid: 2437063
references.citation: J Pers Assess. 2003 Jun;80(3):217-22
references.pmid: 12763696
references.citation: Am J Orthopsychiatry. 2007 Oct;77(4):629-35
references.pmid: 18194043
references.citation: Disabil Rehabil. 2011;33(17-18):1557-67
references.pmid: 21126162
references.citation: Child Abuse Negl. 2007 May;31(5):567-72
references.pmid: 17537505
references.citation: Eur J Health Law. 2007 Nov;14(3):281-98
references.pmid: 18348362
references.citation: J Child Neurol. 2011 Aug;26(8):1052-3
references.pmid: 21775618
references.citation: Fam Relat. 2012 Apr 1;61(2):224-236
references.pmid: 22544988
references.citation: Soc Sci Med. 2013 Nov;97:307-15
references.pmid: 23294875
references.citation: Child Abuse Negl. 1997 May;21(5):431-44
references.pmid: 9158904
references.citation: Child Dev. 2012 Jan-Feb;83(1):62-75
references.pmid: 22277007
references.citation: J Clin Epidemiol. 1995 May;48(5):657-66
references.pmid: 7537327
references.citation: Afr Health Sci. 2003 Apr;3(1):33-9
references.pmid: 12789086
references.citation: J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 1999 May;40(4):497-506
references.pmid: 10357157
references.citation: Lancet. 1999 Jul 10;354(9173):111-5
references.pmid: 10408486
references.citation: Pediatrics. 2007 Jul;120 Suppl 1:S1-55
references.pmid: 17603094
references.citation: Clin Psychol Rev. 2005 May;25(3):341-63
references.pmid: 15792853