title: Task switching in traumatic brain injury relates to cortico-subcortical integrity.
abstract: Suppressing and flexibly adapting actions are a critical part of our daily behavioral repertoire. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients show clear impairments in this type of action control; however, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we tested whether white matter integrity of cortico-subcortical pathways could account for impairments in task switching, an important component of executive functioning. Twenty young adults with TBI and eighteen controls performed a switching task requiring attention to global versus local stimulus features. Diffusion weighted images were acquired and whole brain tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) were used to explore where white matter damage was associated with switching impairment. A crossing fiber model and probabilistic tractography further identified the specific fiber populations. Relative to controls, patients with a history of TBI had a higher switch cost and were less accurate. The TBI group showed a widespread decline in fractional anisotropy (FA) throughout the TBSS skeleton. FA in the superior corona radiata showed a negative relationship with switch cost. More specifically, this involved cortico-subcortical loops with the (pre-)supplementary motor area and superior frontal gyrus. These findings provide evidence for damage to frontal-subcortical projections in TBI, which is associated with task switching impairments.
authors.affiliation: Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, Group Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven.
authors.forename: Inge
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Leunissen
authors.forename: James P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Coxon
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Caeyenberghs
authors.forename: Karla
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Michiels
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sunaert
authors.forename: Stephan P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Swinnen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016880:Anisotropy; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000209:etiology*; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology*; D056324:Diffusion Tensor Imaging; D056344:Executive Function; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000473:pathology*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D066127:White Matter / Q000473:pathology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: basal ganglia; diffusion tensor imaging; executive function; traumatic brain injury
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