title: Orange juice and cancer chemoprevention.
abstract: Orange juice (OJ) is among the most consumed fruit juices worldwide, and its chemopreventive action is fairly addressed in the literature. This review critically presents the available evidence linking OJ with cancer chemoprevention and on discussing the putative mechanisms and negative health effects. The chemopreventive action of OJ is related to its effect on metabolic enzymes and its antiinflammatory, cytoprotective/apoptotic, hormonal, cell signaling-modulating, antioxidant, and antigenotoxic effects. Most studies on OJ are in vitro, and few are conducted in vivo. Results from in vitro studies must be interpreted carefully because these findings do not consider in vivo bioavailability. However, such results are useful for studying the impact of different processing and storage methods on OJ's chemopreventive effect. Evidence of OJ's chemoprevention in humans is limited. OJ is antimutagenic in bacteria and antigenotoxic in humans and rodents. Studies using rodent cancer models showed that OJ is cancer chemopreventive, influencing either the induction stage or the promotion stage. The composition and, therefore, the chemopreventive action of OJ might be influenced by different cultivars, climates, extraction methods, packaging, storage temperatures, and shelf lives, among other factors. Epidemiological studies and randomized controlled intervention studies in humans evaluating the chemopreventive effect of OJ, taking into consideration variability in OJ composition, are needed.
authors.affiliation: a PPG em Promoção da Saúde, Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul , Santa Cruz do Sul , RS , Brasil.
authors.forename: Silvia Isabel Rech
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Franke
authors.forename: Temenouga Nikolova
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Guecheva
authors.forename: João Antonio Pêgas
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Henriques
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Prá
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D001628:Beverages / Q000032:analysis*; D018890:Chemoprevention; D002957:Citrus / Q000737:chemistry*; D019610:Cytoprotection; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control*; D048789:Phytoestrogens / Q000494:pharmacology; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D048789:Phytoestrogens