title: Double strand break repair functions of histone H2AX.
abstract: Chromosomal double strand breaks provoke an extensive reaction in neighboring chromatin, characterized by phosphorylation of histone H2AX on serine 139 of its C-terminal tail (to form "γH2AX"). The γH2AX response contributes to the repair of double strand breaks encountered in a variety of different contexts, including those induced by ionizing radiation, physiologically programmed breaks that characterize normal immune cell development and the pathological exposure of DNA ends triggered by telomere dysfunction. γH2AX also participates in the evolutionarily conserved process of sister chromatid recombination, a homologous recombination pathway involved in the suppression of genomic instability during DNA replication and directly implicated in tumor suppression. At a biochemical level, the γH2AX response provides a compelling example of how the "histone code" is adapted to the regulation of double strand break repair. Here, we review progress in research aimed at understanding how γH2AX contributes to double strand break repair in mammalian cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, United States. Electronic address: rscully@bidmc.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Ralph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Scully
authors.forename: Anyong
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Xie
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D002843:Chromatin / Q000502:physiology; D053903:DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000235:genetics*; D006657:Histones / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D008957:Models, Genetic; D000071857:Tumor Suppressor p53-Binding Protein 1
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; C468783:H2AX protein, human; D006657:Histones; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C498301:TP53BP1 protein, human; D000071857:Tumor Suppressor p53-Binding Protein 1
keywords: 53BP1; BRCA1; H2AX; Histone code; Homologous recombination; MDC1; Mammalian DSB repair; Mre11/Rad50/Nbs1; Non-homologous end joining; Single strand annealing
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