title: Effect of crude glycerin on feed manufacturing, growth performance, plasma metabolites, and nutrient digestibility of growing-finishing pigs.
abstract: Three experiments were conducted to determine the effects of dietary addition of crude glycerin on pellet production efficiency and to evaluate its effect on growth performance and digestibility in growing-finishing pigs. Three dietary treatments were created by addition of 0, 2.5, or 5% crude glycerin to barley-soybean meal-based diet, and 4 batches of each dietary treatment (2 each for grower and finisher diets) were prepared. In the manufacturing process, crude glycerin supplementation linearly increased the feeder speed and production rate (P < 0.05), resulting in a 20 to 29% improvement in the feed production rate compared with the control. Production efficiency (kg/kWh) increased linearly (P < 0.05) as the level of crude glycerin in feed increased. A growth experiment was performed with 240 barrows (30 ± 1 kg initial BW) using a 2-phase feeding program over a 12-wk period with 4 pens per treatment and 20 pigs per pen. On the last day of the growth experiment, blood samples were collected to determine circulating glucose, fructosamine, and IGF-1 concentrations. Overall growth performance was not affected (P > 0.05) by dietary treatment, and there was no effect (P > 0.05) of dietary treatment on any plasma metabolite measured. A digestibility experiment involving 9 male pigs housed in metabolic cages was used to determine the coefficients of apparent fecal digestibility and N and mineral balances. Pigs were assigned to 1 of the 3 diets in each feeding period using a 3 × 3 Latin square arrangement of treatments (43 ± 3 and 74 ± 3 kg initial BW in the growing and finishing periods, respectively). In both feeding periods, fecal digestibility of OM and ether extract were affected by dietary treatment, increasing linearly (P < 0.05) with increasing crude glycerin levels. However, neither CP digestibility nor N retention was affected by the glycerin content in either the growing or finishing period. Digestibilities and balance of Ca and P showed opposite tendencies with the variations in crude glycerin content, which either decreased or increased depending on the feeding period. In conclusion, adding crude glycerin to the diet before pelleting improved feed mill production efficiency. The addition of crude glycerin up to 5% in the diet of growing-finishing pigs had no effect on growth performance, blood metabolites, nutrient digestibility, and N balance, but more studies are needed to determine how crude glycerin affects mineral metabolism and balance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Murcia, Campus of Espinardo, E-30071 Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Madrid
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Villodre
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Valera
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Orengo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: López
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Megías
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hernández
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D004063:Digestion / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D005511:Food Handling; D005990:Glycerol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D013552:Swine / Q000097:blood / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D005990:Glycerol