title: Magnifying loupes versus surgical microscope in endodontic surgery: a four-year retrospective study.
abstract: The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the 4-year outcome of endodontic microsurgery using two different magnification devices. One-hundred and two teeth in 65 patients were included according to specific selection criteria. Endodontic surgery was performed under surgical microscope as magnification device in 63 teeth in 36 patients, while 39 teeth in 29 patients were treated under magnifying loupes. Thirteen patients did not attend the 4-year follow up. The overall success rate on a patient basis was 91.7% at the 1-year and 90.5% at the 4-year follow up for the group using loupes, while for the group using microscope it was 91.4% at the 1-year and 93.3% at the 4-year follow up. The relative risk was 2.07 (95% confidence interval: 0.31, 13.95) in favour of the group in which microscope was used. No statistically significant difference was found in the treatment outcomes relating to the type of magnification device.
authors.affiliation: IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Department of Health Technologies, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy. silvio.taschieri@fastwebnet.it
authors.forename: Silvio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Taschieri
authors.forename: Tommaso
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Weinstein
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tsesis
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bortolin
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Del Fabbro
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001047:Apicoectomy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007909:Lenses; D008029:Lighting / Q000295:instrumentation; D008297:Male; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000295:instrumentation*; D010485:Periapical Periodontitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D016300:Radiography, Bitewing / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology
keywords: apicoectomy; magnifying loupes; microscopy; microsurgery; surgical microscope