title: Indacaterol/glycopyrronium bromide fixed-dose combination for the treatment of COPD.
abstract: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a worldwide problem causing prolonged and progressive morbidity as well as premature mortality. Pharmacologic treatment consists primarily in the relief of symptoms and preventing or minimizing the consequences of exacerbations. Central to the pharmacologic management of COPD is the use of bronchodilator therapy. Two major classes of agents are frequently used: β-adrenoceptor agonists and antimuscarinic agents. These drugs are used mainly in the inhalational form, primarily as rescue medication, but occasionally for maintenance in combination therapy. The availability of "ultra-long"-acting β-adrenoceptor agonists and long-acting antimuscarinic agents opens the way for combinations of these agents to be used in maintenance therapy. Such a combination offers the potential of enhanced efficacy due to additive effects and better compliance as the result of once-daily treatment. This article reviews the rationale for current bronchodilator therapy of COPD as well as the current status of a fixed-dose combined inhaler using two novel long-acting agents: glycopyrronium bromide and indacaterol maleate.
authors.affiliation: Mount Sinai Medical School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. neil.schachter@mssm.edu
authors.forename: E N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Schachter
mesh_terms: D058666:Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006024:Glycopyrrolate / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D007189:Indans / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015363:Quinolones / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D058666:Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists; D004338:Drug Combinations; D007189:Indans; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists; D015363:Quinolones; C510790:indacaterol; D006024:Glycopyrrolate
keywords: Anticholinergic; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); Indacaterol/glycopyrronium bromide; QVA-149; β₂-Adrenoceptor agonist