title: [3D Virtual Reality Laparoscopic Simulation in Surgical Education - Results of a Pilot Study].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The use of three-dimensional imaging in laparoscopy is a growing issue and has led to 3D systems in laparoscopic simulation. Studies on box trainers have shown differing results concerning the benefit of 3D imaging. There are currently no studies analysing 3D imaging in virtual reality laparoscopy (VRL).
  
  
  METHODS
  Five surgical fellows, 10 surgical residents and 29 undergraduate medical students performed abstract and procedural tasks on a VRL simulator using conventional 2D and 3D imaging in a randomised order.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant differences between the two imaging systems were shown for students or medical professionals. Participants who preferred three-dimensional imaging showed significantly better results in 2D as wells as in 3D imaging.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  First results on three-dimensional imaging on box trainers showed different results. Some studies resulted in an advantage of 3D imaging for laparoscopic novices. This study did not confirm the superiority of 3D imaging over conventional 2D imaging in a VRL simulator.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the present study on 3D imaging on a VRL simulator there was no significant advantage for 3D imaging compared to conventional 2D imaging.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Transplantationschirurgie, Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Deutschland.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kneist
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Transplantationschirurgie, Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Deutschland.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Huber
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Transplantationschirurgie, Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Deutschland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Paschold
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Transplantationschirurgie, Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Deutschland.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003479:Curriculum; D004504:Education, Medical, Undergraduate; D005257:Fellowships and Scholarships; D005260:Female; D013502:General Surgery / Q000193:education*; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007396:Internship and Residency; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000193:education*; D008297:Male; D008505:Medical Staff, Hospital / Q000193:education; D010865:Pilot Projects; D000066908:Simulation Training