title: Identification and characterization of a novel paramyxovirus, porcine parainfluenza virus 1, from deceased pigs.
abstract: We describe the discovery and characterization of a novel paramyxovirus, porcine parainfluenza virus 1 (PPIV-1), from swine. The virus was detected in 12 (3.1 %) of 386 nasopharyngeal and two (0.7 %) of 303 rectal swab samples from 386 deceased pigs by reverse transcription-PCR, with viral loads of up to 10(6) copies ml(-1). Complete genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis showed that PPIV-1 represented a novel paramyxovirus within the genus Respirovirus, being most closely related to human parainfluenza virus 1 (HPIV-1) and Sendai virus (SeV). In contrast to HPIV-1, PPIV-1 possessed a mRNA editing function in the phosphoprotein gene. Moreover, PPIV-1 was unique among respiroviruses in having two G residues instead of three to five G residues following the A6 run at the editing site. Nevertheless, PPIV-1, HPIV-1 and SeV share common genomic features and may belong to a separate group within the genus Respirovirus. The presence of PPIV-1 in mainly respiratory samples suggests a possible association with respiratory disease, similar to HPIV-1 and SeV.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.|Carol Yu Center for Infection, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.|State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.|Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.
authors.forename: Susanna K P
authors.initials: SKP
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.|Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.|Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.|Carol Yu Center for Infection, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.
authors.forename: Patrick C Y
authors.initials: PCY
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.
authors.forename: Annette Y P
authors.initials: AYP
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.
authors.forename: Beatrice H L
authors.initials: BHL
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.
authors.forename: Candy C Y
authors.initials: CCY
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.
authors.forename: Rachel Y Y
authors.initials: RYY
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.
authors.forename: Jian-Piao
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.
authors.forename: Hoi-Wah
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Tsoi
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.
authors.forename: Kwok-Hung
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.|Carol Yu Center for Infection, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.|Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.|Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.
authors.forename: Kwok-Yung
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Yuen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D016679:Genome, Viral; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010252:Paramyxoviridae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D018184:Paramyxoviridae Infections / Q000401:mortality / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D010802:Phylogeny; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000401:mortality / Q000821:virology*; D019562:Viral Load