title: Solid-, solution-, and gas-state NMR monitoring of ¹³C-cellulose degradation in an anaerobic microbial ecosystem.
abstract: Anaerobic digestion of biomacromolecules in various microbial ecosystems is influenced by the variations in types, qualities, and quantities of chemical components. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a powerful tool for characterizing the degradation of solids to gases in anaerobic digestion processes. Here we describe a characterization strategy using NMR spectroscopy for targeting the input solid insoluble biomass, catabolized soluble metabolites, and produced gases. ¹³C-labeled cellulose produced by Gluconacetobacter xylinus was added as a substrate to stirred tank reactors and gradually degraded for 120 h. The time-course variations in structural heterogeneity of cellulose catabolism were determined using solid-state NMR, and soluble metabolites produced by cellulose degradation were monitored using solution-state NMR. In particular, cooperative changes between the solid NMR signal and ¹³C-¹³C/¹³C-¹²C isotopomers in the microbial degradation of ¹³C-cellulose were revealed by a correlation heat map. The triple phase NMR measurements demonstrated that cellulose was anaerobically degraded, fermented, and converted to methane gas from organic acids such as acetic acid and butyric acid.
authors.affiliation: Research Planning and Management Group, Kajima Technical Research Institute, KAJIMA Corporation, 2-19-1 Tobitakyu, Chofu, Tokyo 182-0036, Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamazawa
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iikura
authors.forename: Amiu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shino
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Date
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kikuchi
mesh_terms: D000693:Anaerobiosis; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes / Q000737:chemistry; D002482:Cellulose / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D017753:Ecosystem; D005285:Fermentation; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008697:Methane / Q000737:chemistry*; D012996:Solutions
chemical_list: D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D012996:Solutions; D002482:Cellulose; D008697:Methane
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