title: Lifecourse socioeconomic position and alcohol use in young adulthood: results from the French TEMPO cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between lifetime socioeconomic position and alcohol use in young adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  The participants (n = 1103, age 22-35 years in 2009) were the French TEMPO cohort, offspring of employees (all French nationals) of the French national gas and electricity company (GAZEL) who were in a previous cohort study. Alcohol use was assessed by the WHO AUDIT questionnaire (none, low or intermediate alcohol use, alcohol abuse). Childhood socioeconomic position was measured using parental income documented in the GAZEL study in 1989 (low: ≤ 2592€/month vs. intermediate/high: >2592€/month). Adult socioeconomic position was measured by participants' educational level (≤ high school degree vs. >high school degree). Combining family income and educational attainment, we ascertained participants' social trajectory (stable high, upward, downward and stable low). Data were analyzed using multinomial regression analyses controlled for demographic, social, psychological and family characteristics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with participants with a stable high social trajectory, those with an upward, downward or low social trajectory were more likely to abstain from alcohol (compared with a stable high social trajectory, sex and age-adjusted ORs: OR = 2.22, 95% CI 1.35-3.65 for an upward social trajectory; OR = 3.20, 95% CI 1.78-5.73 for a downward social trajectory; OR = 3.27, 95% CI 1.75-6.12 for a stable low social trajectory). Additionally, participants with a downward social trajectory were disproportionately likely to abuse alcohol (sex- and age-adjusted OR: 1.48, 95% CI 0.89-2.48). In multivariate analyses, social trajectory remained associated with alcohol use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lifelong socioeconomic position may shape patterns of alcohol use early in life.
authors.affiliation: Corresponding author: Inserm, U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, CESP, Epidemiology of Occupational and Social Determinants of Health, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 16, avenue Paul Vaillant-Couturier, 94807 Villejuif, France. ahmed.yaogo@inserm.fr.
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yaogo
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fombonne
authors.forename: Seni
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kouanda
authors.forename: France
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lert
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Melchior
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012923:Social Class; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
references.citation: Drug Alcohol Depend. 2012 Mar 1;121(3):231-9
references.pmid: 21955362
references.citation: Prev Sci. 2011 Jun;12(2):150-61
references.pmid: 21225460
references.citation: Addiction. 2008 May;103 Suppl 1:36-47
references.pmid: 18426539
references.citation: Am J Epidemiol. 2007 Oct 15;166(8):966-74
references.pmid: 17641151
references.citation: Drug Alcohol Depend. 2005 Apr 4;78(1):101-8
references.pmid: 15769563
references.citation: J Adolesc Health. 2009 Jul;45(1):77-83
references.pmid: 19541253
references.citation: Recent Dev Alcohol. 2005;17:67-83
references.pmid: 15789860
references.citation: Soc Sci Med. 2011 Oct;73(8):1178-85
references.pmid: 21890256
references.citation: Eur Addict Res. 2013;19(3):121-7
references.pmid: 23183686
references.citation: J Adolesc. 1997 Feb;20(1):103-19
references.pmid: 9063778
references.citation: Dev Psychopathol. 1999 Fall;11(4):933-56
references.pmid: 10624733
references.citation: BMC Public Health. 2008 Sep 01;8:302
references.pmid: 18761741
references.citation: BMC Public Health. 2011 Mar 31;11:201
references.pmid: 21453510
references.citation: J Affect Disord. 2012 Dec 20;143(1-3):166-71
references.pmid: 22858260
references.citation: J Stud Alcohol. 2005 May;66(3):313-22
references.pmid: 16047520
references.citation: Soc Sci Med. 2008 Feb;66(3):663-74
references.pmid: 18023952
references.citation: Addiction. 2003 May;98(5):601-10
references.pmid: 12751977
references.citation: Soc Sci Med. 2004 Jul;59(1):113-27
references.pmid: 15087148
references.citation: Eur J Public Health. 2013 Apr;23(2):322-7
references.pmid: 22645240
references.citation: Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique. 2009 Dec;57(6):429-35
references.pmid: 19931993
references.citation: Lancet. 2002 Nov 23;360(9346):1640-5
references.pmid: 12457787
references.citation: Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique. 1997 Mar;45(1):29-40
references.pmid: 9173456
references.citation: Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 1999 Nov;34(11):588-94
references.pmid: 10651177
references.citation: Birth. 2008 Mar;35(1):50-9
references.pmid: 18307488
references.citation: Drug Alcohol Depend. 2010 Mar 1;107(2-3):257-60
references.pmid: 20004064
references.citation: Am J Epidemiol. 2004 Jan 15;159(2):167-74
references.pmid: 14718219
references.citation: Addict Behav. 2012 Jul;37(7):747-75
references.pmid: 22445418
references.citation: Addict Behav. 1993 Sep-Oct;18(5):543-52
references.pmid: 8310873
references.citation: Int J Epidemiol. 2007 Feb;36(1):32-9
references.pmid: 17101614
references.citation: Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2000 Jun;24(6):902-13
references.pmid: 10888081
references.citation: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2006 May;63(5):551-60
references.pmid: 16651512
references.citation: Science. 1992 Feb 21;255(5047):946-52
references.pmid: 1546291
references.citation: Soc Sci Med. 1994 Jun;38(11):1565-74
references.pmid: 8036536
references.citation: Addiction. 1998 Apr;93(4):505-14
references.pmid: 9684389
references.citation: J Health Soc Behav. 2000 Sep;41(3):276-94
references.pmid: 11011505
references.citation: J Stud Alcohol. 2006 May;67(3):391-8
references.pmid: 16608148
references.citation: Prev Med. 1999 Jul;29(1):1-10
references.pmid: 10419792
references.citation: Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl. 2004;(420):8-20
references.pmid: 15128383
references.citation: J Consult Clin Psychol. 2001 Aug;69(4):699-702
references.pmid: 11550735
references.citation: Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique. 2008 Oct;56(5):345-55
references.pmid: 18945566