title: Experimentally induced blood-stage Plasmodium vivax infection in healthy volunteers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Major impediments to development of vaccines and drugs for Plasmodium vivax malaria are the inability to culture this species and the extreme difficulty in undertaking clinical research by experimental infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  A parasite bank was collected from a 49-year-old woman with P. vivax infection, characterized, and used in an experimental infection study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The donor made a full recovery from malaria after collection of a parasite bank, which tested negative for agents screened for in blood donations. DNA sequence analysis of the isolate indicated that it was clonal. Two subjects inoculated with the isolate became polymerase chain reaction positive on days 8 and 9, with onset of symptoms and positive blood smears on day 14, when they were treated with artemether-lumefantrine, with rapid clinical and parasitologic response. Transcripts of the parasite gene pvs25 that is expressed in gametocytes, the life cycle stage infectious to mosquitoes, were first detected on days 11 and 12.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This experimental system results in in vivo parasite growth, probably infectious to mosquitoes. It offers the opportunity to undertake studies previously impossible in P. vivax that will facilitate a better understanding of the pathology of vivax malaria and development of antimalarial drugs and vaccines. Trial Registration. ANZCTR: 12612001096842.
authors.affiliation: Queensland Institute for Medical Research.
authors.forename: James S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: McCarthy
authors.forename: Paul M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Griffin
authors.forename: Silvana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sekuloski
authors.forename: A Taylor
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Bright
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rockett
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Looke
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Elliott
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Whiley
authors.forename: Theo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sloots
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Winzeler
authors.forename: Katharine R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Trenholme
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004351:Drug Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D008018:Life Cycle Stages; D016780:Malaria, Vivax / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D018512:Parasitemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000469:parasitology; D010966:Plasmodium vivax / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic
keywords: Plasmodium vivax; experimental infection; malaria
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