title: APOE interacts with age to modify rate of decline in cognitive and brain changes in Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine (1) whether age-standardized cognitive declines and brain morphometric change differ between Young-Old patients with Alzheimer's disease (YOAD) and Very-Old patients with Alzheimer's disease (VOAD), and (2) whether the apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype modifies these neuropsychological and morphometric changes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Baseline and 12-month follow-up neuropsychological and morphometric measures were examined for healthy control subjects and patients with AD. The two AD groups were divided further into subgroups on the basis of the presence of at least one APOE ε4 allele.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The YOAD group showed more severe deficits and steeper declines in cognition than the VOAD group. Moreover, the presence of an APOE ε4 allele had a more deleterious effect on the YOAD group than the VOAD group on cognition and brain structure both cross-sectionally and longitudinally.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results underscore the importance of integrating an individual's age and genetic susceptibility--and their interaction--when examining neuropsychological and neuroimaging changes in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu-Ling
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Radiology, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fennema-Notestine
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Dominic
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Holland
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Linda K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: McEvoy
authors.affiliation: Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Nikki H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Stricker
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosciences, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: David P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Salmon
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Neurosciences, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Anders M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Dale
authors.affiliation: Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA. Electronic address: mbondi@ucsd.edu.
authors.forename: Mark W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Bondi
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D053327:Apolipoprotein E4 / Q000235:genetics*; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests
chemical_list: D053327:Apolipoprotein E4
keywords: APOE genotype; Alzheimer's disease; Cognition; Longitudinal; Magnetic resonance imaging; Morphometry
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