title: Using lymph node transplantation as an approach to image cellular interactions between the skin and draining lymph nodes during parasitic infections.
abstract: The growing use of protozoan parasites expressing fluorescent reporter genes, together with advances in microscopy, is enabling visualisation of their behaviour and functions within the host from the very earliest stages of infection with previously unparalleled spatiotemporal resolution. These developments have begun to provide novel insights, which are informing our understanding of where host immune responses may be initiated, which cells are involved and the types of response that are elicited. Here we will review some of these recent observations that highlight the importance of cellular communication between the site of infection and the draining lymph node (dLN) in establishing infection and immunity. We also highlight a number of remaining challenges and unknowns that arise through our inability to follow and fate map the journey of a single cell between spatially separated tissue sites. In response to these challenges, we review a recently described experimental strategy that extends the spatial and temporal limits of previous imaging approaches, most significantly allowing longitudinal analysis of cellular migration between the skin and draining lymph nodes in vivo, without the requirement for invasive surgery.
authors.affiliation: Wellcome Trust Centre For Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Jennifer C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Lawton
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Benson
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Garside
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Brewer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000637:transplantation*; D008853:Microscopy / Q000379:methods*; D010961:Plasmodium / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology*; D012867:Skin / Q000166:cytology* / Q000469:parasitology*
keywords: Immunology; In vivo imaging; Infection; Microscopy
references.citation: Nat Rev Microbiol. 2005 Mar;3(3):262-8
references.pmid: 15703759
references.citation: Infect Immun. 2005 Jul;73(7):4363-9
references.pmid: 15972531
references.citation: PLoS Pathog. 2008 Nov;4(11):e1000222
references.pmid: 19043558
references.citation: Science. 2008 Aug 15;321(5891):970-4
references.pmid: 18703742
references.citation: J Immunol. 1999 Feb 15;162(4):1994-8
references.pmid: 9973470
references.citation: J Vis Exp. 2012 Feb 08;(60):
references.pmid: 22349264
references.citation: Am J Anat. 1963 Sep;113:273-85
references.pmid: 14061262
references.citation: Annu Rev Immunol. 2010;28:445-89
references.pmid: 20192806
references.citation: Methods Enzymol. 2012;506:19-33
references.pmid: 22341217
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Oct 26;107(43):18640-5
references.pmid: 20921402
references.citation: Semin Immunopathol. 2012 Nov;34(6):787-92
references.pmid: 23053392
references.citation: PLoS Pathog. 2011 Jun;7(6):e1002080
references.pmid: 21698220
references.citation: PLoS Pathog. 2012;8(7):e1002725
references.pmid: 22911675
references.citation: EJNMMI Res. 2012 Aug 09;2(1):44
references.pmid: 22877315
references.citation: Cell Host Microbe. 2008 Feb 14;3(2):88-96
references.pmid: 18312843
references.citation: Int Immunol. 1993 May;5(5):443-9
references.pmid: 8318450
references.citation: Science. 2012 Mar 30;335(6076):1562-3
references.pmid: 22461584
references.citation: Clin Dev Immunol. 2011;2011:353510
references.pmid: 21716726
references.citation: J Invest Dermatol. 2011 Oct;131(10):2058-68
references.pmid: 21697893
references.citation: Nat Med. 2006 Feb;12(2):220-4
references.pmid: 16429144
references.citation: J Exp Med. 2011 Mar 14;208(3):505-18
references.pmid: 21339323
references.citation: Am J Pathol. 1992 Jul;141(1):183-91
references.pmid: 1632462
references.citation: Infect Immun. 2012 Jun;80(6):2158-64
references.pmid: 22431651
references.citation: Methods Mol Med. 2005;105:303-10
references.pmid: 15492403
references.citation: Methods Mol Biol. 2013;961:279-86
references.pmid: 23325651
references.citation: PLoS Pathog. 2009 Apr;5(4):e1000399
references.pmid: 19390607
references.citation: Immunity. 2008 Sep 19;29(3):487-96
references.pmid: 18718768
references.citation: Cell Immunol. 2012 May-Jun;277(1-2):22-32
references.pmid: 22784562
references.citation: J Immunol Methods. 1995 Dec 15;188(1):43-9
references.pmid: 8551037
references.citation: Int J Parasitol. 2004 Aug;34(9):991-6
references.pmid: 15313126
references.citation: Immunity. 2003 Jul;19(1):47-57
references.pmid: 12871638
references.citation: Blood. 2007 Sep 15;110(6):1950-9
references.pmid: 17526859
references.citation: Blood. 2012 Mar 15;119(11):2545-51
references.pmid: 22271449
references.citation: Nat Protoc. 2012 Jan 12;7(2):221-34
references.pmid: 22240584
references.citation: J Biophotonics. 2014 Jun;7(6):425-33
references.pmid: 23184395
references.citation: Trends Immunol. 2012 Jun;33(6):271-80
references.pmid: 22459312
references.citation: Rev Eur Etud Clin Biol. 1971 Dec;16(10):1002-6
references.pmid: 4400851
references.citation: Biophys J. 2010 Feb 17;98(4):715-23
references.pmid: 20159168
references.citation: Nat Biotechnol. 1999 Oct;17(10):969-73
references.pmid: 10504696
references.citation: Methods Mol Biol. 2012;757:247-57
references.pmid: 21909917