title: Vascular endothelial growth factor ‑634G/C polymorphism is associated with increased breast cancer risk and aggressiveness.
abstract: Polymorphisms in the promoter and 5' untranslated region of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) have been associated with VEGF levels. To investigate the role of VEGF polymorphisms in breast cancer, the VEGF ‑2578C/A, ‑1498C/T, ‑1154G/A and ‑634G/C polymorphisms were genotyped in 483 breast cancer patients and 524 healthy controls. VEGF mRNA levels in breast cancer tissue were determined using semi‑quantitative RT‑PCR. The genotypes, ‑634G/C and ‑634C/C, were associated with an increased risk for breast cancer when compared with the ‑634G/G genotype. The VEGF ‑634G/C genotype was associated with tumor size >20 mm, perineural invasion and stage II‑IV. Individuals with ‑634C/C had lower disease‑free survival. Patients with the VEGF ‑634C/C genotype exhibited the highest VEGF mRNA levels. High VEGF mRNA expression correlated with tumor size >20 mm, presence of lymphovascular invasion and axillary nodal metastasis. These observations suggested that VEGF ‑634G/C polymorphisms have a significant role in breast cancer susceptibility and aggressiveness.
authors.affiliation: Division of Head, Neck and Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
authors.forename: Doonyapat
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sa-Nguanraksa
authors.forename: Tuenjai
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chuangsuwanich
authors.forename: Tawatchai
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pongpruttipan
authors.forename: Tanawan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kummalue
authors.forename: Supakorn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rojananin
authors.forename: Adune
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ratanawichhitrasin
authors.forename: Poramaporn
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Prasarttong-Osoth
authors.forename: Suebwong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chuthatisith
authors.forename: Pongthep
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pisarnturakit
authors.forename: Waraporn
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Aeumrithaicharoenchok
authors.forename: Pradit
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rushatamukayanunt
authors.forename: Visnu
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lohsiriwat
authors.forename: Mongkol
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boonsripitayanon
authors.forename: Prida
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Malasit
authors.forename: Pornchai
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: O-Charoenrat
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D005787:Gene Frequency; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000235:genetics; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A