title: Interactive medical image segmentation using PDE control of active contours.
abstract: Segmentation of injured or unusual anatomic structures in medical imagery is a problem that has continued to elude fully automated solutions. In this paper, the goal of easy-to-use and consistent interactive segmentation is transformed into a control synthesis problem. A nominal level set partial differential equation (PDE) is assumed to be given; this open-loop system achieves correct segmentation under ideal conditions, but does not agree with a human expert's ideal boundary for real image data. Perturbing the state and dynamics of a level set PDE via the accumulated user input and an observer-like system leads to desirable closed-loop behavior. The input structure is designed such that a user can stabilize the boundary in some desired state without needing to understand any mathematical parameters. Effectiveness of the technique is illustrated with applications to the challenging segmentations of a patellar tendon in magnetic resonance and a shattered femur in computed tomography.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Karasev
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kolesov
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fritscher
authors.forename: Patricio
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vela
authors.forename: Phillip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: Allen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tannenbaum
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D007717:Knee / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008954:Models, Biological; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D014584:User-Computer Interface
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