title: Racial influences on diabetes management among adults in North Carolina.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the impact race and socioeconomic status (SES) has on diabetes management among adults in North Carolina.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our study utilized data from the 2008 BRFSS to conduct a retrospective study and secondary data analysis. To account for the multistage survey design of BRFSS, SAS/SUDAAN was used to calculate adjusted and unadjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Multiple regression analysis was performed to examine the impact race and SES has on diabetes management among North Carolina adults.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The majority of the participants (63.34%) did not have good diabetes management based on the education and blood glucose criteria of our study. Non-Whites had higher odds than Whites to have good diabetes management practices (OR = 1.56, CI: 1.19, 2.03). Individuals who were low SES had poorer diabetes management than individuals who were identified as being high SES (OR = .81, CI: .60, 1.09).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Disparities in good diabetes management practices were found among the variables of race, and SES. Findings from the study indicate that non-White adults had higher odds of good diabetes management practices than Whites in North Carolina. The results of this study could be used for policies and recommendations for health organizations. If health insurance policies required diabetes education classes a reduction in diabetes complications may be observed. Future studies should have a more accurate measurement of diabetes management; proxy measures were used in this study that relied on self-report and may not have provided the best measurement for diabetes management.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Health and Human Services, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA. cpiper1@uncc.edu
authors.forename: Crystal N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Piper
authors.forename: Tatreka
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Polite-Middleton
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Warren-Findlow
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Neethu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sebastian
authors.forename: Yetunde
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Akindahunsi
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose; D015190:Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice / Q000208:ethnology*; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007348:Insurance, Health; D008297:Male; D009657:North Carolina; D016017:Odds Ratio; D009819:Office Visits; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000208:ethnology*; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012648:Self Care; D012923:Social Class; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose