title: Long acting betaxolol ocular inserts based on polymer composite.
abstract: Poor bioavailability and therapeutic response of conventional therapy due to many pre-corneal constraints necessitate the development of novel controlled and sustained ocular drug delivery to become a standard one in modern pharmaceutical era. This investigation aimed to study the drug release kinetics of betaxolol hydrochloride from a hydrophobic matrix system of PMMA cast with incorporating different proportions of polyethylene oxide (PEO) and evaluate its ability to improve ocular bioavailability and duration of action for the drug. Matrix type ocular inserts were prepared by the film casting technique and characterized in vitro by drug release studies using a flow through apparatus that simulated the eye conditions. All the formulations were subjected to physicochemical evaluation. Rabbit model with steroid induced glaucoma was used to establish in vivo efficacy of inserts. Polymer composition and concentration significantly affected the drug release based on change in diffusional path length and formation of gelaneous pores by polymer erosion. Formulations released the drug by non-fickian diffusion including anomalous transport (0.5<n<1) and super case II transport (n>1). It was also observed that increasing the proportion of PEO in to PMMA does not affect the blend miscibility. IVIVC suggested no significant difference (P< 0.001) between in vitro and in vivo release of drug from inserts. In vivo IOP lowering activity was better for optimized insert F8 (for 24 h) as compared to eye drops (10 h). This ocular insert could be a promising once-a-day sustained release formulation for treating glaucoma.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Dharmsinh Desai University, Nadiad, Gujarat, India. hitu.phd@gmail.com
authors.forename: Hitesh B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Gevariya
authors.forename: Jayvadan K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Patel
mesh_terms: D060433:Administration, Ophthalmic; D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D015784:Betaxolol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D005079:Excipients / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D008297:Male; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry; D011817:Rabbits; D013718:Tensile Strength
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D005079:Excipients; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate; D015784:Betaxolol