title: The effects of sleep quality and sleep quantity on concussion baseline assessment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Proper concussion assessment is imperative for properly caring for athletes who sustain traumatic brain injuries. Decreased sleep quality and sleep quantity affect cognition and may threaten the validity of clinical measures often used as a part of the concussion assessment. The purpose of this study was to determine if sleep quality or sleep quantity affects performance on clinical measures of concussion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort design.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical research center.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred fifty-five college student-athletes (57 females, 98 males; age = 18.8 ± 0.8 years; mass = 78.4 ± 19.6 kg; height = 177.4 ± 12.3 cm).
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed preseason baseline testing by using a well-accepted and multifaceted protocol inclusive of neurocognition, balance performance, and symptom reporting. Information related to sleep quality and sleep quantity was also collected during preseason baseline testing.
  
  
  METHODS
  The CNS Vital Signs battery (computerized neurocognitive test), Sensory Organization Test (computerized dynamic posturography), and a Graded Symptom Checklist (symptom evaluation) were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects with a low sleep quantity the night before baseline reported both a greater number of symptoms and higher total symptom severity score. No clinically significant effects for sleep quality were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sleep-deprived athletes reporting for baseline testing should be rescheduled for testing after a normal night's sleep.
authors.affiliation: Matthew Gfeller Sport-Related Traumatic Brain Injury Research Center, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-8605, USA. alik@email.unc.edu
authors.forename: Jason P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Mihalik
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lengas
authors.forename: Johna K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Register-Mihalik
authors.forename: Sakiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oyama
authors.forename: Rebecca L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Begalle
authors.forename: Kevin M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Guskiewicz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001924:Brain Concussion / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012892:Sleep Deprivation; D055815:Young Adult