title: Children with both asthma and depression are at risk for heightened inflammation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test whether children and adolescents with co-occurring asthma and depression are at risk for elevated inflammation-concurrently and at the next assessment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Up to 6 yearly assessments per person from the prospective, population-based Great Smoky Mountains Study (N = 1420) were used, covering children in the community aged 10-16 years old. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) was assayed from annual bloodspot collections and provided indicators of elevated inflammation at CRP > 1, CRP > 2, and CRP > 3 mg/L. Depression was assessed with the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment. Asthma was assessed using a form adapted from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Health Interview Survey.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Controlling common covariates of CRP, the co-occurrence of asthma and depression predicted heightened CRP-concurrently and at the next assessment. In turn, elevated CRP was relatively stable from one assessment to the next.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The co-occurrence of asthma and depression in childhood poses a risk for substantially elevated inflammation concurrently and over time, which could contribute to pathophysiological processes involved in the development of additional chronic diseases and also to asthma--related morbidity and mortality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC. Electronic address: lilly_shanahan@unc.edu.
authors.forename: Lilly
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shanahan
authors.forename: William E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Copeland
authors.forename: Carol M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Worthman
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Angold
authors.forename: E Jane
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Costello
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001249:Asthma / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D002648:Child; D015897:Comorbidity; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications*; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D002097:C-Reactive Protein
keywords: BMI; Body mass index; C-reactive protein; CRP; GSMS; Great Smoky Mountains Study
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