title: piggyBac: A vehicle for integrative DNA transformation of parasitic nematodes.
abstract: In addition to their natural role in eukaryotic genome evolution, transposons can be powerful tools for functional genomics in diverse taxa. ThepiggyBactransposon has been applied as such in eukaryotic parasites, both protozoa and helminths, and in several important vector mosquitoes.piggyBacis advantageous for functional genomics because of its ability to transduce a wide range of taxa, its capacity to integrate large DNA 'cargoes' relative to other mobile genetic elements, its propensity to target transcriptional units and its ability to re-mobilize without leaving a pattern of non-excised sequences or 'footprint' in the genome. We recently demonstrated thatpiggyBaccan integrate transgenes into the genome of the parasitic nematodeStrongyloides ratti, an important model for parasitic nematode biology and a close relative of the significant human pathogenS. stercoralis. Unlike transgenes encoded in conventional plasmid vectors, which we assume are assembled into multi-copy episomal arrays as they are inCaenorhabditis elegans, transgenes integrated viapiggyBacare not only stably inherited inS. ratti, they are also continuously expressed. This has allowed derivation of the first stable transgene expressing lines in any parasitic nematode, a significant advance in the development of functional genomic tools for these important pathogens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lok
keywords: Strongyloides; chromosomal integration; gene silencing; parasitic nematode; piggyBac; transgenesis; transposon
references.citation: Exp Parasitol. 2006 Apr;112(4):209-20
references.pmid: 16530185
references.citation: EMBO J. 2007 Jan 10;26(1):170-83
references.pmid: 17159906
references.citation: Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 2001 Nov 1;31(12):1137-43
references.pmid: 11583926
references.citation: PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2008 Jun 25;2(6):e256
references.pmid: 18575621
references.citation: Exp Parasitol. 2006 Jul;113(3):142-53
references.pmid: 16445914
references.citation: PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2007 Sep 27;1(1):e35
references.pmid: 17989781
references.citation: Insect Mol Biol. 2001 Dec;10(6):597-604
references.pmid: 11903629
references.citation: Lancet. 2009 May 2;373(9674):1570-5
references.pmid: 19410718
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Sep 27;108(39):16339-44
references.pmid: 21930941
references.citation: Int J Parasitol. 2011 Mar;41(3-4):355-62
references.pmid: 21118694
references.citation: Trends Parasitol. 2003 Feb;19(2):79-87
references.pmid: 12586476
references.citation: BMC Genomics. 2011 Mar 20;12:155
references.pmid: 21418605
references.citation: Nature. 1998 Mar 5;392(6671):71-5
references.pmid: 9510248
references.citation: Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2006 Nov;101(7):755-7
references.pmid: 17160283
references.citation: WormBook. 2007 May 23;:1-15
references.pmid: 18050491
references.citation: Methods Cell Biol. 1995;48:451-82
references.pmid: 8531738
references.citation: Virology. 1989 Sep;172(1):156-69
references.pmid: 2549707
references.citation: Parasitol Today. 1997 Nov;13(11):438-43
references.pmid: 15275146
references.citation: Aging Cell. 2006 Aug;5(4):315-23
references.pmid: 16913877
references.citation: Nat Methods. 2012 Jan 30;9(2):117-8
references.pmid: 22290181
references.citation: Nucleic Acids Res. 2011 Dec;39(22):e148
references.pmid: 21948799
references.citation: Insect Mol Biol. 2002 Aug;11(4):291-7
references.pmid: 12144693
references.citation: Parasite Immunol. 2008 Apr;30(4):203-14
references.pmid: 18324923
references.citation: Mol Biochem Parasitol. 2002 Feb;119(2):279-84
references.pmid: 11814580
references.citation: Int J Parasitol. 2006 May 31;36(6):671-9
references.pmid: 16500658
references.citation: Trends Genet. 2009 May;25(5):203-9
references.pmid: 19361881
references.citation: PLoS Pathog. 2012;8(7):e1002820
references.pmid: 22911241
references.citation: Cell. 2005 Aug 12;122(3):473-83
references.pmid: 16096065
references.citation: WormBook. 2006 Jan 18;:1-13
references.pmid: 18023126
references.citation: Nat Genet. 2008 Apr;40(4):476-83
references.pmid: 18311141
references.citation: Nat Genet. 2008 Nov;40(11):1375-83
references.pmid: 18953339
references.citation: Mol Biochem Parasitol. 2008 Apr;158(2):112-9
references.pmid: 18234359
references.citation: FASEB J. 2007 Nov;21(13):3479-89
references.pmid: 17586730
references.citation: BMC Evol Biol. 2011 Aug 15;11:239
references.pmid: 21843315
references.citation: Nat Genet. 2004 Mar;36(3):283-7
references.pmid: 14981521
references.citation: Nat Methods. 2010 Jun;7(6):451-3
references.pmid: 20418868
references.citation: EMBO J. 1991 Dec;10(12):3959-70
references.pmid: 1935914
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Nov 8;102(45):16391-6
references.pmid: 16260745
references.citation: EMBO J. 1986 Dec 1;5(12):3353-60
references.pmid: 3816762
references.citation: Parasitology. 2012 Apr;139(5):574-88
references.pmid: 21880161
references.citation: PLoS Pathog. 2012;8(8):e1002871
references.pmid: 22912584
references.citation: Cell Microbiol. 2006 Oct;8(10):1529-36
references.pmid: 16984409
references.citation: PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2010 Aug 17;4(8):e788
references.pmid: 20808959
references.citation: PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2011 Jun;5(6):e1176
references.pmid: 21666793
references.citation: BMJ. 2003 Aug 23;327(7412):431-3
references.pmid: 12933732
references.citation: J Immunother. 2009 Oct;32(8):826-36
references.pmid: 19752751
references.citation: Exp Parasitol. 2008 Feb;118(2):253-65
references.pmid: 17945217
references.citation: Gene. 1994 Nov 18;149(2):219-25
references.pmid: 7525414
references.citation: Mol Biochem Parasitol. 2010 Dec;174(2):109-16
references.pmid: 20692298