title: YKL-40 expression could be a poor prognostic marker in the breast cancer tissue.
abstract: YKL-40 is a glycoprotein involved in cellular growth, migration, and the inflammatory process. Elevation in serum levels of YKL-40 has been associated with worse prognosis in various cancers, including breast cancer. Given that the clinical significance of YKL-40 expression in breast cancer tissue is unclear, we aimed to determine the prognostic value of YKL-40 expression in breast cancer tissue using immunohistochemistry. We performed tissue microarray (TMA) analysis of 425 breast cancer tissues collected during operation. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to measure expression of YKL-40 and several breast cancer biomarkers, such as aldehyde dehyadrogenase1, TGF-beta, and Gli-1 as well as hormonal receptor and Her-2/neu status. Statistical analysis of the relationship of YKL-40 expression with clinicopathological characteristics was performed for 390 TMA samples. YKL-40 was expressed to varying degrees in 84.9% of breast cancer tissues. YKL-40 expression was correlated with estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor negativity and was positively correlated with TGF-beta and Gli-1 expression. Strong YKL-40 expression was associated with a larger proportion of Her-2/neu-enriched and basal-like tumors. The results of this study demonstrate that YKL-40 expression in breast cancer tissues is associated with hormone receptor negativity and Her-2/neu-enriched molecular subtypes of breast cancer, and therefore could be considered a poor prognostic predictor.
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University, Guro Hospital 97 Gurodong-gil, Guro-ku, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Joo
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Hoiseon
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Ok Hee
authors.initials: OH
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.forename: Kyong Hwa
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Sang Uk
authors.initials: SU
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.forename: Dae Sik
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Ae-Ree
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jae-Bok
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Yeul Hong
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jun Suk
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jae Hong
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Seo
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D000071451:Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D037102:Lectins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C084533:CHI3L1 protein, human; D000071451:Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1; D037102:Lectins
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