title: Genetic affinities between trans-oceanic populations of non-buoyant macroalgae in the high latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere.
abstract: Marine biologists and biogeographers have long been puzzled by apparently non-dispersive coastal taxa that nonetheless have extensive transoceanic distributions. We here carried out a broad-scale phylogeographic study to test whether two widespread Southern Hemisphere species of non-buoyant littoral macroalgae are capable of long-distance dispersal. Samples were collected from along the coasts of southern Chile, New Zealand and several subAntarctic islands, with the focus on high latitude populations in the path of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current or West Wind Drift. We targeted two widespread littoral macroalgal species: the brown alga Adenocystisutricularis (Ectocarpales, Heterokontophyta) and the red alga Bostrychiaintricata (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta). Phylogenetic analyses were performed using partial mitochondrial (COI), chloroplast (rbcL) and ribosomal nuclear (LSU / 28S) DNA sequence data. Numerous deeply-divergent clades were resolved across all markers in each of the target species, but close phylogenetic relationships - even shared haplotypes - were observed among some populations separated by large oceanic distances. Despite not being particularly buoyant, both Adenocystisutricularis and Bostrychiaintricata thus show genetic signatures of recent dispersal across vast oceanic distances, presumably by attachment to floating substrata such as wood or buoyant macroalgae.
authors.affiliation: Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. ceridwen.fraser@gmail.com
authors.forename: Ceridwen I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Fraser
authors.forename: Giuseppe C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Zuccarello
authors.forename: Hamish G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Spencer
authors.forename: Laura C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Salvatore
authors.forename: Gabriella R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: Jonathan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Waters
mesh_terms: D055669:Ecological and Environmental Phenomena; D009792:Oceans and Seas; D010802:Phylogeny; D058974:Phylogeography; D012624:Seaweed / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification
references.citation: J Mol Evol. 1980 Dec;16(2):111-20
references.pmid: 7463489
references.citation: Nature. 2000 Jun 22;405(6789):907-13
references.pmid: 10879524
references.citation: Biol Bull. 1999 Apr;196(2):122-6
references.pmid: 10226353
references.citation: Mol Ecol. 2008 Mar;17(5):1198-210
references.pmid: 18302684
references.citation: Trends Ecol Evol. 2013 Feb;28(2):78-85
references.pmid: 23000431
references.citation: Trends Ecol Evol. 2012 Jan;27(1):47-56
references.pmid: 22014977
references.citation: Ecol Evol. 2011 Oct;1(2):169-80
references.pmid: 22393493
references.citation: Biol Lett. 2013 Feb 23;9(1):20120821
references.pmid: 23134782
references.citation: Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2010 Dec;57(3):1301-11
references.pmid: 20971197
references.citation: Mol Biol Evol. 2011 Oct;28(10):2731-9
references.pmid: 21546353
references.citation: Mol Biol Evol. 1992 May;9(3):552-69
references.pmid: 1316531
references.citation: Mol Ecol Resour. 2010 May;10(3):564-7
references.pmid: 21565059
references.citation: Syst Biol. 2003 Oct;52(5):696-704
references.pmid: 14530136
references.citation: J Phycol. 2009 Dec;45(6):1374-88
references.pmid: 27032595
references.citation: Mol Ecol. 2011 Dec;20(23):4915-24
references.pmid: 22026515
references.citation: Mol Ecol. 2011 May;20(9):1936-51
references.pmid: 21418364
references.citation: Mol Ecol. 2010 Oct;19(20):4572-80
references.pmid: 20875065
references.citation: PLoS One. 2012;7(1):e30813
references.pmid: 22292046
references.citation: Syst Biol. 2010 May;59(3):307-21
references.pmid: 20525638
references.citation: Genetics. 1997 Oct;147(2):915-25
references.pmid: 9335623
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Mar 3;106(9):3249-53
references.pmid: 19204277
references.citation: Integr Comp Biol. 2012 Oct;52(4):447-57
references.pmid: 22505589
references.citation: Evolution. 2005 Aug;59(8):1701-11
references.pmid: 16329241
references.citation: Bioinformatics. 2003 Aug 12;19(12):1572-4
references.pmid: 12912839
references.citation: BMC Evol Biol. 2010 Jul 01;10:203
references.pmid: 20594354
references.citation: Proc Biol Sci. 2011 Mar 7;278(1706):649-55
references.pmid: 20843850
references.citation: Trends Ecol Evol. 2012 Aug;27(8):462-71
references.pmid: 22658874
references.citation: Evolution. 1985 Jul;39(4):783-791
references.pmid: 28561359
references.citation: Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2010 Aug;56(2):659-74
references.pmid: 20412862
references.citation: Mol Ecol. 2000 Oct;9(10):1657-9
references.pmid: 11050560