title: Isolated left ventricular noncompaction causing stroke in a 30-year-old woman: case report and literature review.
abstract: Isolated left ventricular noncompaction is a rare form of cardiomyopathy characterized by prominent left ventricular trabeculations and intertrabecular recesses. The typical clinical manifestations are severe systolic and diastolic dysfunction, conduction abnormalities, and cardiac embolic events theorized to result from thrombus formation within the intertrabecular recesses. Evidence-based recommendations for preventing thromboembolic events in isolated left ventricular noncompaction have not been established. We report the case of a woman who, at 10 years of age, had been diagnosed with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy without systolic dysfunction. At age 30, she presented with left hemiparesis consequent to a large right-hemispheric ischemic stroke, and she was diagnosed with isolated left ventricular noncompaction. In addition to discussing the patient's case, we review the medical literature that pertains to isolated left ventricular noncompaction.
authors.affiliation: Penn State Hershey Heart and Vascular Institute, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033-0850, USA. gbaquero@hmc.psu.edu
authors.forename: Giselle A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Baquero
authors.forename: Dustin J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Colegrove
authors.forename: Javier E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Banchs
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002533:Cerebral Angiography / Q000379:methods; D018618:Echocardiography, Doppler, Color; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020766:Intracranial Embolism / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D056830:Isolated Noncompaction of the Ventricular Myocardium / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D010291:Paresis / Q000209:etiology; D020521:Stroke / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014859:Warfarin / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D014859:Warfarin
keywords: Cardiomyopathies/complications/diagnosis/pathology; diagnosis, differential; diagnostic imaging; isolated noncompaction of the ventricular myocardium/complications/diagnosis/ultrasonography; myocardium/pathology; stroke/etiology; thromboembolism/etiology; treatment outcome; ventricular dysfunction, left/complications/diagnosis
references.citation: Heart Rhythm. 2010 Nov;7(11):1545-9
references.pmid: 20493963
references.citation: J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2004 Jan;17(1):91-100
references.pmid: 14712196
references.citation: Circulation. 2006 Apr 11;113(14):1807-16
references.pmid: 16567565
references.citation: BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2009 Aug 09;9:37
references.pmid: 19664240
references.citation: J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2005 Jun;18(6):693
references.pmid: 15947775
references.citation: Int J Cardiol. 2011 Mar 17;147(3):e41-3
references.pmid: 19232764
references.citation: Cardiology. 2005;103(2):68-72
references.pmid: 15539784
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 1999 Mar 25;340(12):966-7
references.pmid: 10094647
references.citation: Cardiology. 2009;112(2):158-64
references.pmid: 18663296
references.citation: Circulation. 2003 Nov 25;108(21):2672-8
references.pmid: 14623814
references.citation: Heart. 1996 Oct;76(4):380
references.pmid: 8983693
references.citation: Eur Heart J. 2005 Jan;26(2):187-92
references.pmid: 15618076
references.citation: Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2008 Apr;33(4):737
references.pmid: 18258446
references.citation: Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2008 Apr;31(4):461-7
references.pmid: 18373765
references.citation: Int J Cardiol. 2010 Apr 15;140(2):145-53
references.pmid: 19664830
references.citation: Intern Med. 2007;46(15):1251-4
references.pmid: 17675779
references.citation: Circulation. 1996 Mar 1;93(5):841-2
references.pmid: 8598070
references.citation: Clin Cardiol. 2003 Jan;26(1):46-8
references.pmid: 12539813
references.citation: Circulation. 2008 Jun 3;117(22):2893-901
references.pmid: 18506004
references.citation: J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005 Jul 5;46(1):101-5
references.pmid: 15992642
references.citation: J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003 Dec 3;42(11):2014-27
references.pmid: 14662268
references.citation: Am J Med Genet. 1997 Oct 31;72(3):257-65
references.pmid: 9332651
references.citation: Am J Hum Genet. 1997 Oct;61(4):868-72
references.pmid: 9382097
references.citation: Int J Cardiol. 2011 May 5;148(3):357-8
references.pmid: 20870303
references.citation: Korean J Radiol. 2011 Nov-Dec;12(6):686-92
references.pmid: 22043150
references.citation: J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown). 2008 Nov;9(11):1095-7
references.pmid: 18852579
references.citation: Tex Heart Inst J. 2012;39(2):255-7
references.pmid: 22740746
references.citation: J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000 Aug;36(2):493-500
references.pmid: 10933363
references.citation: Circulation. 1990 Aug;82(2):507-13
references.pmid: 2372897
references.citation: Int J Cardiol. 2011 Jul 1;150(1):71-4
references.pmid: 20226551
references.citation: Cardiology. 2004;102(4):228-30
references.pmid: 15452396
references.citation: AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1991 Apr;156(4):717-8
references.pmid: 2003432
references.citation: Mol Genet Metab. 2004 Jun;82(2):162-6
references.pmid: 15172004
references.citation: Int J Cardiol. 2008 Nov 28;130(3):344-8
references.pmid: 18093672
references.citation: Pediatr Cardiol. 2009 Jul;30(5):659-81
references.pmid: 19184181
references.citation: Eur J Echocardiogr. 2008 Jan;9(1):156-7
references.pmid: 17602876
references.citation: Circulation. 2001 Mar 6;103(9):1256-63
references.pmid: 11238270
references.citation: Cardiovasc J S Afr. 2006 May-Jun;17(3):146-7
references.pmid: 16807633
references.citation: Heart. 2007 Jan;93(1):65-71
references.pmid: 16644854
references.citation: J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2005 Feb;18(2):194-6
references.pmid: 15682061
references.citation: Eur Heart J. 2008 Jan;29(1):89-95
references.pmid: 17993472
references.citation: Int J Cardiol. 2007 Jun 25;119(1):28-32
references.pmid: 17023079
references.citation: Eur J Heart Fail. 2005 Jan;7(1):95-7
references.pmid: 15642538
references.citation: Pediatr Cardiol. 2001 Nov-Dec;22(6):512-4
references.pmid: 11894157
references.citation: J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2007 Apr;20(4):439.e1-4
references.pmid: 17400128
references.citation: J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2005 Aug;18(8):865-72
references.pmid: 16084340
references.citation: J Am Coll Cardiol. 1999 Jul;34(1):233-40
references.pmid: 10400016
references.citation: Int J Cardiol. 2008 Oct 13;129(3):e84-5
references.pmid: 17884206
references.citation: Int J Cardiol. 2008 Aug 1;128(1):e22-4
references.pmid: 17669523
references.citation: Ann Acad Med Singap. 2001 Sep;30(5):539-41
references.pmid: 11603143
references.citation: Eur Heart J. 2007 Aug;28(16):1953-61
references.pmid: 17611253
references.citation: Heart. 2001 Dec;86(6):666-71
references.pmid: 11711464
references.citation: J Am Coll Cardiol. 1987 Feb;9(2):323-6
references.pmid: 3805522
references.citation: J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2009 Dec;22(12):1420.e1-3
references.pmid: 19647400
references.citation: JBR-BTR. 2008 Jul-Aug;91(4):153-4
references.pmid: 18817088
references.citation: J Heart Lung Transplant. 2001 Aug;20(8):904-7
references.pmid: 11502414
references.citation: Mayo Clin Proc. 1997 Jan;72(1):26-31
references.pmid: 9005281
references.citation: Am J Cardiol. 2008 Jul 1;102(1):92-6
references.pmid: 18572043