title: Maternal vitamin D status in pregnancy and offspring bone development: the unmet needs of vitamin D era.
abstract: Data from animal and human studies implicate maternal vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy as a significant risk factor for several adverse outcomes affecting maternal, fetal, and child health. The possible associations of maternal vitamin D status and offspring bone development comprise a significant public health issue. Evidence from randomized trials regarding maternal vitamin D supplementation for optimization of offspring bone mass is lacking. In the same field, data from observational studies suggest that vitamin D supplementation is not indicated. Conversely, supplementation studies provided evidence that vitamin D has beneficial effects on neonatal calcium homeostasis. Nevertheless, a series of issues, such as technical difficulties of current vitamin D assays and functional interplay among vitamin D analytes, prohibit arrival at safe conclusions. Future studies would benefit from adoption of a gold standard assay, which would unravel the functions of vitamin D analytes. This narrative review summarizes and discusses data from both observational and supplementation studies regarding maternal vitamin D status during pregnancy and offspring bone development.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece, karraspiros@yahoo.gr.
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Karras
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Anagnostis
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bili
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Naughton
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Petroczi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Papadopoulou
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Goulis
mesh_terms: D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology; D001846:Bone Development / Q000502:physiology*; D002118:Calcium / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000097:blood*; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control; D011295:Prenatal Care / Q000379:methods; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D039401:Prenatal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000502:physiology; D012279:Rickets / Q000517:prevention & control; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000097:blood*; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D; D002118:Calcium
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