title: Diabetic ketoacidosis in the pediatric emergency department.
abstract: Despite many advances, the incidence of pediatric-onset diabetes and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is increasing. Diabetes mellitus is 1 of the most common chronic pediatric illnesses and, along with DKA, is associated with significant cost and morbidity. DKA is a complicated metabolic state hallmarked by dehydration and electrolyte disturbances. Treatment involves fluid resuscitation with insulin and electrolyte replacement under constant monitoring for cerebral edema. When DKA is recognized and treated immediately, the prognosis is excellent. However, when a patient has prolonged or multiple courses of DKA or if DKA is complicated by cerebral edema, the results can be devastating.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, 110 South Paca Street, 6th Floor, Suite 200, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Olivieri
authors.forename: Rose
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chasm
mesh_terms: D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D002648:Child; D016883:Diabetic Ketoacidosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005440:Fluid Therapy; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin
keywords: Cerebral edema; Diabetic ketoacidosis; Fluid resuscitation; Insulin