title: Nanoporous activated carbon beads and monolithic columns as effective hemoadsorbents for inflammatory cytokines.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to develop and investigate nanoporous activated carbon materials for their ability to adsorb inflammatory cytokines directly from blood, for a range of therapeutic applications, including: systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) related to sepsis, cardio-pulmonary by-pass surgery, or ischemic reperfusion injury. Building on the previously established relationship between the porous structure of beaded polymer-derived activated carbon and its capacity to adsorb inflammatory molecules, we have developed and characterized monolithic porous carbon columns produced from the same polymer precursor matrix as carbon microbeads. The monolithic columns developed were assessed for their ability to adsorb inflammatory molecules from blood in a circulating system. Preliminary findings demonstrated good removal of the inflammatory cytokines IL-8 (100% removal), IL-6 (80% removal), and TNF (51% removal) from blood. The efficiency of cleansing is dependent on the size of the adsorbed molecule and the porous structure of the monolith, highlighting their potential for use as a hemoadsorption device.
authors.affiliation: Biomaterials and Medical Devices Research Group, School of Pharmacy &amp; Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton - United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Carol A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Howell
authors.forename: Susan R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Sandeman
authors.forename: Gary J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: Sergey V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Mikhalovsky
authors.forename: Stephen R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Tennison
authors.forename: Anthony P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Rawlinson
authors.forename: Oleksandr P
authors.initials: OP
authors.lastname: Kozynchenko
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D005112:Extracorporeal Circulation; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000097:blood; D008863:Microspheres; D016062:Porosity; D018805:Sepsis / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002244:Carbon