title: The effects of orthostatism in adult intensive care unit patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the consciousness level, pulmonary and hemodynamic effects of orthostatic position in intensive care patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was conducted from April 2008 to July 2009 in the Adult Intensive Care Unit, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. Fifteen patients were included who were mechanically ventilated for more than seven days and had the following characteristics: tracheotomized; receiving intermittent nebulization; maximal inspiratory pressure of less than -25 cm H2O; Tobin score less than 105; preserved respiratory drive; not sedated; partial arterial oxygen pressure greater than 70 mm Hg; oxygen saturation greater than 90%; and hemodynamically stable. With inclinations of 0º, 30º and 50º, the following parameters were recorded: consciousness level; blinking reflex; thoracoabdominal cirtometry; vital capacity; tidal volume; minute volume; respiratory muscle strength; and vital signs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No neurological level changes were observed. Respiratory rate and minute volume (V E) decreased at 30% and later increased at 50%; however, these changes were not statistically significant. Abdominal cirtometry and maximal expiratory pressure increased, but again, the changes were not statistically significant. Regarding maximal inspiratory pressure and vital capacity, statistically significant increases were seen in the comparison between the 50º and 0º inclinations. However, tidal volume increased with time in the comparisons between 30º and 0º and between 50º and 0º. Mean blood pressure increased only for the comparison of 50º versus 0º. Heart rate increased with time for the comparisons between 30º and 0º, between 50º and 0º and between 50º and 30º.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Passive orthostatism resulted in improved tidal volume and vital capacity, maximal inspiratory pressure and increased heart rate and mean blood pressure in critically ill patients.
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sibinelli
authors.forename: Daniele Cristina
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Maioral
authors.forename: Antônio Luis Eiras
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Falcão
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kosour
authors.forename: Desanka
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dragosavac
authors.forename: Núbia Maria Freire Vieira
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Lima