title: Convection-enhanced delivery of nanodiamond drug delivery platforms for intracranial tumor treatment.
abstract: This study examined a novel drug delivery system for treatment of malignant brain gliomas: DOX complexed with nanodiamonds (ND-Dox), and administered via convection-enhanced delivery (CED). Drug retention and toxicity were examined in glioma cell lines, and distribution, retention and toxicity were examined in normal rat parenchyma. Efficacy was assessed in a bioluminescence rodent tumor model. NDs markedly enhanced DOX uptake and retention in glioma cells. ND-Dox delivered via CED extended DOX retention and localized DOX toxicity in normal rodent parenchyma, and was significantly more efficient at killing tumor cells than uncomplexed DOX. Outcomes from this work suggest that CED of ND-Dox is a promising approach for brain tumor treatment.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  In this paper, nanodiamonds were utilized to enhance delivery of DOX in a preclinical glioma model using a convection-enhanced delivery method, demonstrating remarkably enhanced efficacy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Falk Brain Tumor Center, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Development Biology Department, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA. Electronic address: gxi@luriechildrens.org.
authors.forename: Guifa
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xi
authors.affiliation: Departments of Biomedical and Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University Calumet, Hammond, IN, USA.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mania-Farnell
authors.affiliation: Cancer Biology and Epigenomics Program, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago Research Center, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Elio Fausto
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Vanin
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Development Biology Department, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Kyu-Won
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Development Biology Department, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Tsurubuchi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takao
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Development Biology Department, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Elise Victoria
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Allender
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Development Biology Department, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Chandra Shekhar
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Mayanil
authors.affiliation: Cancer Biology and Epigenomics Program, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago Research Center, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Marcelo Bento
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.affiliation: Departments of Biomedical and Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA. Electronic address: dean.ho@ucla.edu.
authors.forename: Dean
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Falk Brain Tumor Center, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Tadanori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tomita
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival; D004337:Drug Carriers; D005910:Glioma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D058612:Nanodiamonds; D050997:Nanomedicine; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D058612:Nanodiamonds
keywords: Convection-enhanced delivery (CED); Doxorubicin (Dox); Glioma; Nanodiamonds (NDs)