title: Single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with non-contact soft tissue injuries in elite professional soccer players: influence on degree of injury and recovery time.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The biological mechanisms involved in non-contact musculoskeletal soft tissue injuries (NCMSTI) are poorly understood. Genetic risk factors may be associated with susceptibility to injuries, and may exert marked influence on recovery times.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data on type and degree of injury and recovery time were collected in 73 male professional soccer players (43 White, 11 Black Africans and 19 Hispanics) who suffered total of 242 injuries (203 muscle, 24 ligament, and 15 tendon injuries). One single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) in the following genes were analyzed: Elastin (ELN); Titin (TTN); SRY-related HMG-box (SOX15); Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2); Chemokine, CC motif, ligand 2 (CCL2); Collagen type 1 alpha 1(COL1A1); Collagen type 5 alpha 1 (COL5A1), and Tenascin C (TNC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was evidence of a statistically significant association between the degree of injury and the IGF2 genotype (P = 0.034). In addition, there was evidence of a statistically significant association between the degree of muscle injury and CCL2 (P = 0.026) Finally, there was evidence of a statistically significant association between ELN and degree of injury (p = 0.009) and recovery time (P = 0.043). There was no evidence of a statistically significant association between any of the genes studied and degree of injury or recovery time for tendon injuries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SNPs in the IGF2, CCL2, and ELN genes may be associated to the degree and recovery time of NCMSTI.
authors.affiliation: FC Barcelona Medical Services, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Ricard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pruna
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Artells
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ribas
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Montoro
authors.forename: Francesc
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cos
authors.forename: Carme
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Muñoz
authors.forename: Gil
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rodas
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Maffulli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000235:genetics; D004549:Elastin / Q000235:genetics; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012916:Soccer; D017695:Soft Tissue Injuries / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D013997:Time Factors; D015599:Trauma Severity Indices; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C111835:CCL2 protein, human; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; C035170:IGF2 protein, human; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II; D004549:Elastin
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