title: Dogs immunized with LBSap vaccine displayed high levels of IL-12 and IL-10 cytokines and CCL4, CCL5 and CXCL8 chemokines in the dermis.
abstract: The complex interplay between cytokines and chemokines regulates innate and adaptive immune responses against pathogens; specifically, cytokine and chemokine expression drives activation of immune effector cells and their recruitment to tissue infection sites. Herein, we inoculated dogs with Leishmania braziliensis antigens plus saponin (the LBSap vaccine), as well as with the vaccine components, and then used real-time PCR to evaluate the kinetics of dermal expression of mRNAs of cytokines (IL-12, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-13, TGF-β and IL-10) and chemokines (CCL2, CCL4, CCL5, CCL21 and CXCL8) 1, 12, 24 and 48 h after inoculation. We also evaluated the correlation between cytokine and chemokine expression and dermal cellularity. The LBSap vaccine induced high levels of IL-12 and IL-10 expression at 12 and 24 h, respectively. Furthermore, we observed positive correlations between IL-12 and IL-13 expression, IFN-γ and IL-13 expression, and IL-13 and TGF-β expression, suggesting that a mixed cytokine microenvironment developed after immunization with the vaccine. Inoculation with the saponin adjuvant alone induced a chemokine and cytokine expression profile similar to that observed in the LBSap group. CCL4 and CXCL8 chemokine expression was up regulated by the LBSap vaccine. CCL5 expression was initially highest in the LBSap group, but at 48 h, expression was highest in the LB group. Information about the kinetics of the immune response to this vaccine gained using this dog model will help to elucidate the mechanisms of and factors involved in a protective response against Leishmania infection and will aid in establishing rational approaches for the development of vaccines against canine visceral leishmaniasis.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas/NUPEB, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vitoriano-Souza
authors.forename: Nádia das Dores
authors.initials: Nd
authors.lastname: Moreira
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Menezes-Souza
authors.forename: Bruno Mendes
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Roatt
authors.forename: Rodrigo Dian
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: de Oliveira Aguiar-Soares
authors.forename: Fernando Augusto
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Siqueira-Mathias
authors.forename: Jamille Mirelle
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: de Oliveira Cardoso
authors.forename: Rodolfo Cordeiro
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Giunchetti
authors.forename: Renata Guerra
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: de Sá
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Corrêa-Oliveira
authors.forename: Cláudia Martins
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Carneiro
authors.forename: Alexandre Barbosa
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Reis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D054407:Chemokine CCL4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D018946:Chemokine CCL5 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D018925:Chemokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D020405:Dermis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000469:parasitology; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000276:immunology; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000276:immunology; D007114:Immunization; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D007892:Leishmania braziliensis / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D054332:Leishmaniasis Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D007898:Leishmaniasis, Visceral / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012503:Saponins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D018946:Chemokine CCL5; D018925:Chemokines; D016207:Cytokines; D016209:Interleukin-8; D054332:Leishmaniasis Vaccines; D012503:Saponins; D016753:Interleukin-10; D018664:Interleukin-12
keywords: Adjuvants; Canine visceral leishmaniasis; Chemokines; Cytokines; Real-time PCR; Saponin; Vaccine
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