title: "One-step production of biodiesel from Jatropha oil with high-acid value in ionic liquids" [Bioresour. Technol. 102 (11) (2011)].
abstract: Catalytic conversion of un-pretreated Jatropha oil with high-acid value (13.8 mg KOH/g) to biodiesel was studied in ionic liquids (ILs) with metal chlorides. Several commercial ILs were used to catalyze the esterification of oleic acid. It was found that 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tosylate {[BMIm][TS]} had high catalytic activity with 93% esterification rate for oleic acid at 140 °C but only 63.7% Jatropha biodiesel yield at 200 °C. When ZnCl2 was added to [BMIm][TS], a maximum Jatropha biodiesel yield of 92.5% was achieved at 180 °C. Addition of metal ions supplied Lewis acidic sites in ILs promoted both esterification and transestrification reactions. It was also found that the transition metal ions performed higher catalytic activity in transestrification than the ions of Group A. Mixture of [BMIm][TS] and ZnCl2 was easily separated from products for reuse to avoid producing pollutants.
authors.affiliation: Chinese Academy of Sciences, Biomass Group, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, 88 Xuefulu, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650223, China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Xiao-fei
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Yun-Duo
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Long
authors.forename: Li-Qun
authors.initials: LQ
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D056804:Biofuels; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D002712:Chlorides / Q000494:pharmacology; D004951:Esterification / Q000187:drug effects; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D052578:Ionic Liquids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D031286:Jatropha / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000187:drug effects; D019301:Oleic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D056804:Biofuels; D002712:Chlorides; D007093:Imidazoles; D052578:Ionic Liquids; D010938:Plant Oils; D019301:Oleic Acid; C502841:1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride