title: Pharmacokinetics of tulathromycin in plasma and milk samples after a single subcutaneous injection in lactating goats (Capra hircus).
abstract: Eight adult female dairy goats received one subcutaneous administration of tulathromycin at a dosage of 2.5 mg/kg body weight. Blood and milk samples were assayed for tulathromycin and the common fragment of tulathromycin, respectively, using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Pharmacokinetic disposition of tulathromycin was analyzed by a noncompartmental approach. Mean plasma pharmacokinetic parameters (±SD) following single-dose administration of tulathromycin were as follows: C(max) (121.54 ± 19.01 ng/mL); T(max) (12 ± 12-24 h); area under the curve AUC(0→∞) (8324.54 ± 1706.56 ng·h/mL); terminal-phase rate constant λz (0.01 ± 0.002 h⁻¹); and terminal-phase rate constant half-life t1/2λz (67.20 h; harmonic). Mean milk pharmacokinetic parameters (±SD) following 45 days of sampling were as follows: Cmax (1594 ± 379.23 ng/mL); Tmax (12 ± 12-36 h); AUC(0→∞) (72,250.51 ± 18,909.57 ng·h/mL); λz (0.005 ± 0.001 h⁻¹); and t(1/2λz) (155.28 h; harmonic). All goats had injection-site reactions that diminished in size over time. The conclusions from this study were that tulathromycin residues are detectable in milk samples from adult goats for at least 45 days following subcutaneous administration, this therapeutic option should be reserved for cases where other treatment options have failed, and goat milk should be withheld from the human food chain for at least 45 days following tulathromycin administration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Grismer
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Rowe
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carlson
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Wetzlich
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Tell
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D004187:Disaccharides / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004350:Drug Residues / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006041:Goats / Q000097:blood*; D006207:Half-Life; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D018942:Macrolides
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004187:Disaccharides; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds; C485204:tulathromycin; D018942:Macrolides