title: Effect of temperature on six different developmental landmarks within the pupal stage of the forensically important blowfly Calliphora vicina (Robineau-Desvoidy) (Diptera: Calliphoridae).
abstract: This study investigates the pupal development times of the blow fly Calliphora vicina, which were studied in the laboratory at six different constant temperatures (15, 20, 23, 25, 28, and 30°C each ± 1°C). Lower thresholds (tL ) for development were estimated from the linear regression of the developmental rates on each temperature. These data have made it possible to calculate the accumulated degree days (ADD) necessary for C. vicina to complete the larval stage and to achieve adult emergence. The minimal duration of development from oviposition to adult emergence was found to be inversely related to temperature. Additionally, six landmarks in pupal development are showed, and for each of the landmarks, the ADD value was calculated for every rearing temperature involved. These data assist in calculating the duration of the pupal stage based on morphological characteristics and would be of great value for future forensic entomological casework.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio di Entomologia Sanitaria, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia ed Emilia-Romagna, Via Pitagora 2, 42100, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Defilippo
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bonilauri
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dottori
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004175:Diptera / Q000254:growth & development*; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D007814:Larva / Q000254:growth & development; D016014:Linear Models; D008853:Microscopy; D010058:Oviposition; D011679:Pupa / Q000254:growth & development*; D013696:Temperature
keywords: Calliphora vicina; accumulated degree day; forensic entomology; forensic science; postmortem interval; pupal landmarks