title: Field-based approach for assessing the impact of treated pulp and paper mill effluent on endogenous metabolites of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas).
abstract: A field-based metabolomic study was conducted during a shutdown of a pulp and paper mill (PPM) to assess the impacts of treated PPM effluent on endogenous polar metabolites in fathead minnow (FHM; Pimephales promelas) livers. Caged male and female FHMs were deployed at a Great Lakes area of concern during multiple periods (pre-, during, and post-shutdown) near the outflow for a wastewater treatment plant. Influent to this plant is typically 40% PPM effluent by volume. Additional FHMs were exposed to reference lake water under laboratory conditions. A bioassay using T47D-KBluc cells showed that estrogenic activity of receiving water near the outflow declined by 46% during the shutdown. We then used (1)H NMR spectroscopy and principal component analysis to profile abundances of hepatic endogenous metabolites for FHMs. Profiles for males deployed pre-shutdown in receiving water were significantly different from those for laboratory-control males. Profiles were not significantly different for males deployed during the shutdown, but they were significant again for those deployed post-shutdown. Impacts of treated effluent from this PPM were sex-specific, as differences among profiles of females were largely nonsignificant. Thus, we demonstrate the potential utility of field-based metabolomics for performing biologically based exposure monitoring and evaluating remediation efforts occurring throughout the Great Lakes and other ecosystems.
authors.affiliation: National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , 960 College Station Road, Athens, Georgia 30605, United States.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: T W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Collette
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Villeneuve
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Cavallin
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Teng
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Kahl
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Mayasich
authors.forename: G T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Ankley
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Ekman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003530:Cyprinidae / Q000378:metabolism*; D004967:Estrogens / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D055432:Metabolomics; D010209:Paper; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens; D007220:Industrial Waste; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical