title: UVB exposure of farm animals: study on a food-based strategy to bridge the gap between current vitamin D intakes and dietary targets.
abstract: Vitamin D deficiency is a global health problem. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of ultraviolet (UV) B radiation for improving vitamin D3 content of eggs and meat. In a two-factorial design hens that received diets with 0 (-D3) or 3,000 IU (+D3) vitamin D3/kg were non-exposed (-UVB) or exposed to UVB radiation (+UVB) for 3 h daily over 4 weeks. Data show that UVB radiation was very effective in raising the vitamin D3 content of egg yolk and meat. Egg yolk from +UVB/-D3 hens had a higher vitamin D3 content (17.5±7.2 µg/100 g dry matter (DM)) than those from the -UVB/+D3 group (5.2±2.4 µg/100 g DM, p<0.01). Vitamin D3 content in egg yolk of vitamin D3-supplemented hens could be further increased by UVB radiation (32.4±10.9 µg/100 g DM). The content of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) in the egg yolk also increased in response to UVB, although less pronounced than vitamin D3. Meat revealed about 4-fold higher vitamin D3 contents in response to UVB than to dietary vitamin D3 (p<0.001). In conclusion, exposure of hens to UVB is an efficient approach to provide consumers with vitamin D3-enriched foods from animal sources.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schutkowski
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Krämer
authors.forename: Holger
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kluge
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hirche
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Krombholz
authors.forename: Torsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Theumer
authors.forename: Gabriele I
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: Stangl
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000829:Animals, Domestic; D002645:Chickens; D002762:Cholecalciferol / Q000032:analysis*; D004531:Eggs / Q000032:analysis* / Q000528:radiation effects; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis* / Q000528:radiation effects; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000178:diet therapy
chemical_list: D002762:Cholecalciferol
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