title: TaCPK2-A, a calcium-dependent protein kinase gene that is required for wheat powdery mildew resistance enhances bacterial blight resistance in transgenic rice.
abstract: Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CPKs) are important Ca2+ signalling components involved in complex immune and stress signalling networks; but the knowledge of CPK gene functions in the hexaploid wheat is limited. Previously, TaCPK2 was shown to be inducible by powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis tritici, Bgt) infection in wheat. Here, its functions in disease resistance are characterized further. This study shows the presence of defence-response and cold-response cis-elements on the promoters of the A subgenome homoeologue (TaCPK2-A) and D subgenome homoeologue (TaCPK2-D), respectively. Their expression patterns were then confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) using genome-specific primers, where TaCPK2-A was induced by Bgt treatment while TaCPK2-D mainly responded to cold treatment. Downregulation of TaCPK2-A by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) causes loss of resistance to Bgt in resistant wheat lines, indicating that TaCPK2-A is required for powdery mildew resistance. Furthermore, overexpression of TaCPK2-A in rice enhanced bacterial blight (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, Xoo) resistance. qRT-PCR analysis showed that overexpression of TaCPK2-A in rice promoted the expression of OsWRKY45-1, a transcription factor involved in both fungal and bacterial resistance by regulating jasmonic acid and salicylic acid signalling genes. The opposite effect was found in wheat TaCPK2-A VIGS plants, where the homologue of OsWRKY45-1 was significantly repressed. These data suggest that modulation of WRKY45-1 and associated defence-response genes by CPK2 genes may be the common mechanism for multiple disease resistance in grass species, which may have undergone subfunctionalization in promoters before the formation of hexaploid wheat.
authors.affiliation: Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, PR China.
authors.forename: Shuaifeng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Geng
authors.forename: Aili
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Lichuan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Lingjie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Cailin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.forename: Xiuping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Guanghuai
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Wenxue
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhai
authors.forename: Yuming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Youliang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Xiujin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lan
authors.forename: Long
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mao
mesh_terms: D003517:Cyclopentanes / Q000378:metabolism; D060467:Disease Resistance / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D012275:Oryza / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D054883:Oxylipins / Q000378:metabolism; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020156:Salicylic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D014908:Triticum / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases
chemical_list: D003517:Cyclopentanes; D054883:Oxylipins; D010940:Plant Proteins; D011494:Protein Kinases; D020156:Salicylic Acid; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; C011006:jasmonic acid
keywords: CPK; defence signalling; disease resistance; jasmonic acid; wheat.
references.citation: Plant Mol Biol. 2008 Mar;66(4):429-43
references.pmid: 18185910
references.citation: PLoS One. 2011;6(12):e28810
references.pmid: 22174904
references.citation: Plant Mol Biol. 2000 Jan;42(1):225-49
references.pmid: 10688139
references.citation: FEBS Lett. 2007 Mar 20;581(6):1179-89
references.pmid: 17336300
references.citation: Nature. 2013 Apr 4;496(7443):87-90
references.pmid: 23535596
references.citation: BMC Plant Biol. 2008 Nov 07;8:112
references.pmid: 18992143
references.citation: Nature. 2010 Mar 18;464(7287):418-22
references.pmid: 20164835
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Jul 26;102(30):10736-41
references.pmid: 16027369
references.citation: Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2001 Aug;4(4):301-8
references.pmid: 11418339
references.citation: Plant Cell. 2008 Dec;20(12):3273-88
references.pmid: 19106376
references.citation: Plant Physiol. 2005 Dec;139(4):1750-61
references.pmid: 16299177
references.citation: Plant J. 2000 Aug;23(3):319-27
references.pmid: 10929125
references.citation: Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 2007 May;20(5):492-9
references.pmid: 17506327
references.citation: Plant Cell. 2007 Mar;19(3):1065-80
references.pmid: 17400895
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Nov 15;108(46):18737-42
references.pmid: 22042872
references.citation: Breed Sci. 2011 Dec;61(4):319-26
references.pmid: 23136468
references.citation: Plant J. 2002 May;30(3):315-27
references.pmid: 12000679
references.citation: Genetics. 2000 Jan;154(1):459-73
references.pmid: 10629003
references.citation: Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 2007 Oct;20(10):1213-21
references.pmid: 17918623
references.citation: Plant Physiol. 2009 May;150(1):308-19
references.pmid: 19286937
references.citation: Mol Genet Genomics. 2007 Nov;278(5):493-505
references.pmid: 17636330
references.citation: Theor Appl Genet. 2005 Feb;110(4):640-8
references.pmid: 15723273
references.citation: Plant Physiol. 2005 Aug;138(4):2165-73
references.pmid: 16024691
references.citation: Plant J. 2010 Aug;63(3):526-40
references.pmid: 20497373
references.citation: Plant J. 2003 Apr;34(2):217-28
references.pmid: 12694596
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Feb 27;98(5):2917-21
references.pmid: 11226341
references.citation: Plant Physiol. 2002 Jun;129(2):469-85
references.pmid: 12068094
references.citation: Plant J. 1994 Aug;6(2):271-82
references.pmid: 7920717
references.citation: Plant Cell. 2007 Jun;19(6):1723-37
references.pmid: 17586655
references.citation: Trends Plant Sci. 2000 Apr;5(4):154-9
references.pmid: 10740296
references.citation: Science. 1991 May 17;252(5008):951-4
references.pmid: 1852075
references.citation: Plant Physiol. 2009 Oct;151(2):936-48
references.pmid: 19700558
references.citation: BMC Plant Biol. 2010 May 26;10:97
references.pmid: 20504319
references.citation: Mol Plant Pathol. 2012 Jan;13(1):83-94
references.pmid: 21726399
references.citation: Planta. 2007 Sep;226(4):953-60
references.pmid: 17541629
references.citation: Plant Mol Biol. 2011 Mar;75(4-5):467-79
references.pmid: 21318369
references.citation: Nature. 2013 Apr 4;496(7443):91-5
references.pmid: 23535592
references.citation: Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):325-7
references.pmid: 11752327
references.citation: Plant Cell. 2010 May;22(5):1592-604
references.pmid: 20442373
references.citation: Cytogenet Genome Res. 2005;109(1-3):250-8
references.pmid: 15753584
references.citation: Trends Plant Sci. 2013 Jan;18(1):30-40
references.pmid: 22974587
references.citation: Plant Cell. 2007 Jun;19(6):2064-76
references.pmid: 17601827
references.citation: Plant J. 2012 Jan;69(1):26-36
references.pmid: 21883553
references.citation: Plant Cell Physiol. 2005 Feb;46(2):356-66
references.pmid: 15695435
references.citation: Plant Biol (Stuttg). 2006 Jan;8(1):1-10
references.pmid: 16435264