title: Cocoa phenolic extract protects pancreatic beta cells against oxidative stress.
abstract: Diabetes mellitus is associated with reductions in glutathione, supporting the critical role of oxidative stress in its pathogenesis. Antioxidant food components such as flavonoids have a protective role against oxidative stress-induced degenerative and age-related diseases. Flavonoids constitute an important part of the human diet; they can be found in most plant foods, including green tea, grapes or cocoa and possess multiple biological activities. This study investigates the chemo-protective effect of a cocoa phenolic extract (CPE) containing mainly flavonoids against oxidative stress induced by tert-butylhydroperoxide (t-BOOH) on Ins-1E pancreatic beta cells. Cell viability and oxidative status were evaluated. Ins-1E cells treatment with 5-20 μg/mL CPE for 20 h evoked no cell damage and did not alter ROS production. Addition of 50 μM t-BOOH for 2 h increased ROS and carbonyl groups content and decreased reduced glutathione level. Pre-treatment of cells with CPE significantly prevented the t-BOOH-induced ROS and carbonyl groups and returned antioxidant defences to adequate levels. Thus, Ins-1E cells treated with CPE showed a remarkable recovery of cell viability damaged by t-BOOH, indicating that integrity of surviving machineries in the CPE-treated cells was notably protected against the oxidative insult.
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición-ICTAN-CSIC, Madrid 28040, Spain.
authors.forename: María Angeles
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Martín
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ramos
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Cordero-Herrero
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bravo
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Goya
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D002099:Cacao / Q000737:chemistry*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010636:Phenols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D020122:tert-Butylhydroperoxide / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D020122:tert-Butylhydroperoxide; D005980:Glutathione Reductase; D005978:Glutathione
references.citation: Mol Nutr Food Res. 2011 Jun;55(6):844-54
references.pmid: 21538850
references.citation: J Agric Food Chem. 2004 Jun 16;52(12):4026-37
references.pmid: 15186133
references.citation: Mol Nutr Food Res. 2011 May;55 Suppl 1:S56-66
references.pmid: 21462334
references.citation: Toxicol In Vitro. 2004 Oct;18(5):555-61
references.pmid: 15251172
references.citation: Food Chem Toxicol. 2009 Oct;47(10):2499-506
references.pmid: 19602430
references.citation: Life Sci. 2006 Oct 19;79(21):2056-68
references.pmid: 16857214
references.citation: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2006 Apr 15;212(2):110-8
references.pmid: 16126241
references.citation: J Agric Food Chem. 2008 Sep 10;56(17):7765-72
references.pmid: 18680371
references.citation: Nutr Cancer. 2003;45(1):74-83
references.pmid: 12791507
references.citation: J Nutr. 2000 Aug;130(8S Suppl):2109S-14S
references.pmid: 10917931
references.citation: Eur J Nutr. 2012 Oct;51(7):881-92
references.pmid: 22042007
references.citation: Nutrition. 2007 Apr;23(4):351-5
references.pmid: 17350804
references.citation: Toxicol Sci. 2002 Sep;69(1):149-56
references.pmid: 12215669
references.citation: Life Sci. 1983 Aug 15;33(7):593-7
references.pmid: 6877034
references.citation: Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2002 Jul;66(7):1559-62
references.pmid: 12224642
references.citation: JAMA. 2002 May 1;287(17):2212-3
references.pmid: 11980520
references.citation: Mol Nutr Food Res. 2013 Jun;57(6):974-85
references.pmid: 23456781
references.citation: J Agric Food Chem. 2007 Mar 7;55(5):2020-7
references.pmid: 17286412
references.citation: J Nutr Biochem. 2005 Oct;16(10):577-86
references.pmid: 16111877
references.citation: Eur J Nutr. 2007 Mar;46(2):70-8
references.pmid: 17200875
references.citation: Br J Nutr. 2013 Jul 28;110(2):206-15
references.pmid: 23186731
references.citation: Biochem Pharmacol. 2006 Sep 28;72(7):902-10
references.pmid: 16870158
references.citation: Food Chem Toxicol. 2013 Jun;56:336-51
references.pmid: 23439478
references.citation: J Agric Food Chem. 2003 Dec 3;51(25):7292-5
references.pmid: 14640573
references.citation: Diabetes Metab. 2012 Jun;38(3):250-7
references.pmid: 22386833
references.citation: J Agric Food Chem. 2006 Oct 18;54(21):8071-6
references.pmid: 17032011
references.citation: Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2005;45(4):287-306
references.pmid: 16047496
references.citation: J Sep Sci. 2007 Feb;30(2):175-91
references.pmid: 17390612
references.citation: Phytother Res. 2010 Apr;24(4):503-9
references.pmid: 20041424
references.citation: Life Sci. 1982 Dec 13;31(24):2693-7
references.pmid: 6759833
references.citation: J Nutr Biochem. 2010 Mar;21(3):196-205
references.pmid: 19195869
references.citation: J Nutr Biochem. 2009 Feb;20(2):115-24
references.pmid: 18495458
references.citation: J Agric Food Chem. 2009 Oct 28;57(20):9817-27
references.pmid: 19803520
references.citation: J Mass Spectrom. 2003 Jan;38(1):35-42
references.pmid: 12526004
references.citation: FEBS Lett. 2007 Jul 31;581(19):3743-8
references.pmid: 17433304
references.citation: J Nutr. 2011 Jun;141(6):1095-100
references.pmid: 21525262
references.citation: Mol Nutr Food Res. 2013 Jan;57(1):48-57
references.pmid: 23180627
references.citation: Mol Nutr Food Res. 2014 Mar;58(3):447-56
references.pmid: 24115486
references.citation: J Agric Food Chem. 2002 Dec 4;50(25):7220-5
references.pmid: 12452635
references.citation: Eur J Nutr. 2011 Aug;50(5):313-22
references.pmid: 21046126
references.citation: Front Biosci (Elite Ed). 2010 Jun 01;2:810-7
references.pmid: 20515754
references.citation: Eur J Clin Nutr. 2012 Oct;66(10):1153-9
references.pmid: 22854880