title: Association of 25-hydroxyvitamin D with Hb and lead in children: a Chinese population-based study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency, as well as their association with Hb and elevated blood lead levels (BLL) in children in China.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional and 1-year retrospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, China.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children aged from 6 months to 14 years living in south-west China who were taken to physical examinations (January-December 2011).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 1218 children included in the study, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration (mean 33.18 (sd 16.48) ng/ml) was deficient in 21.6% and insufficient in 27.4%, which were higher than the prevalence of both anaemia at 8.5% and elevated BLL (Pb ≥ 10 μg/dl) at 1.8%, but lower than mildly elevated BLL prevalence (5 μg/dl ≤ Pb < 10 μg/dl) at 56.9%. There was a negative correlation between 25(OH)D concentration and BLL (r = -0.216, P < 0.001) while no significant relationship was found between 25(OH)D concentration and Hb (r = -0.012, P > 0.05). After multivariable adjustment, the significant predictors of 25(OH)D deficiency and insufficiency were increasing child age especially between 8 and 14 years (OR = 18.29; 95% CI 10.14, 32.99; P < 0.001) and BLL (OR = 1.01; 95% CI 1.00, 1.02; P = 0.045).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of 25(OH)D deficiency and insufficiency was much higher than that of anaemia or elevated BLL in south-west China, and associated with increasing age and BLL.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 20, Section 3, Ren Min Nan Lu, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 20, Section 3, Ren Min Nan Lu, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaojuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 20, Section 3, Ren Min Nan Lu, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 20, Section 3, Ren Min Nan Lu, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 20, Section 3, Ren Min Nan Lu, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 20, Section 3, Ren Min Nan Lu, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yongmei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000740:Anemia / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007854:Lead / Q000097:blood*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012621:Seasons; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D014807:Vitamin D; D007854:Lead; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D
references.citation: Br J Dermatol. 2012 Oct;167(4):815-21
references.pmid: 22762534
references.citation: Endocrinology. 2006 Dec;147(12):5542-8
references.pmid: 16946007
references.citation: Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1997 Mar;12(3):514-8
references.pmid: 9075133
references.citation: Nephron Clin Pract. 2007;105(3):c132-8
references.pmid: 17228173
references.citation: J Nutr. 1992 Jul;122(7):1351-60
references.pmid: 1619463
references.citation: Environ Health Perspect. 2007 Apr;115(4):630-5
references.pmid: 17450235
references.citation: J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2004 May;89-90(1-5):491-5
references.pmid: 15225826
references.citation: Am J Clin Nutr. 1982 Jun;35(6):1327-31
references.pmid: 6896257
references.citation: Toxicology. 1998 Jul 17;128(3):191-206
references.pmid: 9750042
references.citation: Arch Toxicol. 2008 Jan;82(1):29-36
references.pmid: 17701399
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 1980 May 15;302(20):1128-31
references.pmid: 7366636
references.citation: J Nutr. 1981 Aug;111(8):1321-9
references.pmid: 6267235
references.citation: Lancet. 1981 Aug 15;2(8242):373
references.pmid: 6115150
references.citation: Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Jul;113(7):894-9
references.pmid: 16002379
references.citation: Environ Health Perspect. 2000 Mar;108(3):199-203
references.pmid: 10706524
references.citation: Med Sci Monit. 2005 Oct;11(10):RA329-36
references.pmid: 16192916
references.citation: Neurotoxicology. 1992 Winter;13(4):799-807
references.pmid: 1302306
references.citation: Environ Health Perspect. 2003 Oct;111(13):1665-9
references.pmid: 14527848
references.citation: Mult Scler. 2010 Apr;16(4):398-405
references.pmid: 20167594
references.citation: Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Dec;80(6 Suppl):1689S-96S
references.pmid: 15585789
references.citation: Mayo Clin Proc. 2006 Mar;81(3):353-73
references.pmid: 16529140
references.citation: Pediatrics. 2008 Nov;122(5):1142-52
references.pmid: 18977996
references.citation: Public Health Nutr. 2012 Sep;15(9):1683-7
references.pmid: 22391008
references.citation: Arch Dis Child. 2009 Nov;94(11):844-8
references.pmid: 19770197
references.citation: Calcif Tissue Int. 1996 Jan;58(1):4-5
references.pmid: 8825231
references.citation: Environ Res. 1997 Jan;72(1):45-55
references.pmid: 9012371
references.citation: BMC Pediatr. 2012 Jun 08;12:62
references.pmid: 22681928
references.citation: Semin Nephrol. 1994 Mar;14(2):144-55
references.pmid: 8177981
references.citation: Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2004 Jun;158(6):531-7
references.pmid: 15184215
references.citation: Public Health Nutr. 2011 Aug;14(8):1424-8
references.pmid: 21306669
references.citation: Ann Hematol. 2010 May;89(5):447-52
references.pmid: 19841921
references.citation: Ann Epidemiol. 2009 Feb;19(2):73-8
references.pmid: 18329892
references.citation: Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Apr;87(4):1087S-91S
references.pmid: 18400739
references.citation: Int J Endocrinol. 2010;2010:472173
references.pmid: 20011095
references.citation: Endocr Rev. 2005 Aug;26(5):662-87
references.pmid: 15798098
references.citation: Korean J Pediatr. 2011 Jul;54(7):298-303
references.pmid: 22025923
references.citation: J Adolesc Health. 2005 Jul;37(1):75
references.pmid: 15963911
references.citation: Pediatrics. 2009 Sep;124(3):e362-70
references.pmid: 19661054
references.citation: Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 Jul;84(1):18-28
references.pmid: 16825677
references.citation: PLoS One. 2011;6(7):e22179
references.pmid: 21799790
references.citation: Arch Environ Health. 1977 Jul-Aug;32(4):160-4
references.pmid: 889354
references.citation: Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 Jul;86(1):150-8
references.pmid: 17616775