title: Barrier to autointegration factor (BAF) inhibits vaccinia virus intermediate transcription in the absence of the viral B1 kinase.
abstract: Barrier to autointegration factor (BAF/BANF1) is a cellular DNA-binding protein found in the nucleus and cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic BAF binds to foreign DNA and can act as a defense against vaccinia DNA replication. To evade BAF, vaccinia expresses the B1 kinase, which phosphorylates BAF and blocks its ability to bind DNA. Interestingly, B1 is also needed for viral intermediate gene expression via an unknown mechanism. Therefore, we evaluated the impact of B1-BAF signaling on vaccinia transcription. Strikingly, the decrease in vaccinia transcription caused by loss of B1 can be rescued by depletion of BAF. The repressive action of BAF is greatest on a viral promoter, and is more modest when non-vaccinia promoters are employed, which suggests BAF acts in a gene specific manner. These studies expand our understanding of the role of the B1 kinase during infection and provide the first evidence that BAF is a defense against viral gene expression.
authors.affiliation: Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583-0900, USA.
authors.forename: Nouhou
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.forename: April
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wicklund
authors.forename: Augusta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jamin
authors.forename: Matthew S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Wiebe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000276:immunology; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D057131:Immune Evasion; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000276:immunology; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014616:Vaccinia virus / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: C501959:BANF1 protein, human; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; C074058:VB1R protein, Vaccinia virus; D014764:Viral Proteins
keywords: BAF; BANF1; Barrier to autointegration; Transcription; Vaccinia; Virus host interaction
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