title: Voice disorders in children.
abstract: This article reviews the management of voice disorders in children. We describe the relevant anatomy and development of the larynx throughout childhood, which affects voice. We consider the epidemiologic data to establish the size of the problem. The assessment of the patient in the clinic is described stepwise through the history, examination, laryngoscopy, and extra tests. We then review the common voice disorders encountered and their management, concluding with discussion of future directions, which may herald advances in this field.
authors.affiliation: Department of ENT Surgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK. victoriapossamai@mac.com
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Possamai
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hartley
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D007808:Language Therapy; D007828:Laryngoscopy; D007830:Larynx / Q000254:growth & development*; D013070:Speech Therapy; D014832:Voice Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*
keywords: Child; Dysphonia; Pediatric; Voice