title: Impact of non-motor symptoms on health-related and perceived quality of life in Parkinson's disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the impact of non-motor symptoms on health-related and perceived quality of life in Parkinson's disease (PD).
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and fifty PD patients (57.3% males; 70.9±8.6years old) were included in this cross-sectional, monocenter, evaluation study. Multiple linear regression methods were used to evaluate the direct impact of non-motor symptoms (as assessed by the Non-Motor Symptoms Scale [NMSS]) on 1) the 39-item PD Quality of Life Questionnaire Summary Index score (PDQ-39SI), and 2) a subjective assessment of perceived quality of life (PQ-10), after adjusting for age, sex, mood (Beck Depression Inventory), disability (Schwab&England Activities of Daily Living Scale), and PD-specific motor dysfunction (ON-state Hoehn&Yahr/Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale [UPDRS] part III, and motor complications [UPDRS part IV]).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Higher NMSS total scores were systematically associated with worse quality of life (for PDQ-39SI, p=0.013; for PQ-10, p=0.017). PD-specific motor dysfunction had a larger negative impact on health-related quality of life (PDQ-39SI) than non-motor symptoms (2.8% vs 0.7%). In contrast, the negative impact of non-motor symptoms on perceived quality of life (PQ-10) was larger than that found for PD-specific motor dysfunction (2.8% vs 0.9%). While the model for PDQ-39SI provided an adequate fit (adjusted R-squared, 0.83), a substantial proportion of the PQ-10 variance remained unexplained (adjusted R-squared, 0.48).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Non-motor symptoms have a direct negative impact on health-related and perceived quality of life in PD. Perceived quality of life is not adequately explained by motor and non-motor manifestations of the disease.
authors.affiliation: Section of Neurology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Ferrol (CHUF), Hospital A. Marcide, Ferrol, Spain. diegosangar@yahoo.es
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Santos-García
authors.forename: Raúl
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: de la Fuente-Fernández
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006233:Persons with Disabilities; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology*; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: 39-item Parkinson's disease Quality of Life Questionnaire Summary Index score; ADLS; Activities of Daily Living Scale; BDI; Beck Depression Inventory; DBS; Health-related quality of life; Hoehn and Yahr; H–Y; ICC; Mood; Motor fluctuations; NMS; NMSS; Non-Motor Symptoms Scale; Non-motor symptoms; PD; PDQ-39SI; PQ-10; Parkinson's disease; Perceived quality of life; QoL; STN; UPDRS; Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale; deep brain stimulation; intraclass correlation coefficient; non-motor symptoms; perceived quality of life; quality of life; subthalamic nucleus