title: Microbiology of acute mastoiditis and complicated or refractory acute otitis media among hospitalized children in the postvaccination era.
abstract: In the post-heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine era, Streptococcus pneumoniae remains the leading cause of acute mastoiditis and other complicated or refractory acute otitis media among hospitalized children in our settings. Serotype 19A is predominant, invasive and multidrug resistant causing more than half of all mastoiditis cases, two-thirds of cases with subperiosteal abscess and all those requiring mastoidectomy. Continuous surveillance is required.
authors.affiliation: From the *ENT Department, "P and A Kyriakou" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece; †First ENT Department, University of Athens School of Medicine, "Hippokrateion" General Hospital, Athens, Greece; ‡National Meningitis Reference Laboratory, National School of Public Health, Athens, Greece; §Second ENT Department, University of Athens School of Medicine, "Attikon" General Hospital, Athens, Greece; ¶Microbiology Department, "P and A Kyriakou" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece; and ‖Second Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens School of Medicine, "P and A Kyriakou" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Polyvios
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Giannakopoulos
authors.forename: Aristeidis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chrysovergis
authors.forename: Athanasia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Xirogianni
authors.forename: Thomas P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Nikolopoulos
authors.forename: Alexandros
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Radiotis
authors.forename: Evangelia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lebessi
authors.forename: Michail
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsakanikos
authors.forename: Georgina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tzanakaki
authors.forename: Maria N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Tsolia
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D000069443:Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008417:Mastoiditis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000069443:Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines