title: The Impact of Cancer Scale (IOC) in Italian long-term cancer survivors: adaptation and psychometric evaluation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Impact of Cancer Scale (IOC) is a self-assessment tool designed to capture the unique and multidimensional aspects of the quality of life of long-term cancer survivors. This paper describes the adaptation and psychometric evaluation of its Italian version.
  
  
  METHODS
  After the adaptation (i.e., removal of nonpertinent items and back-translation procedure), the Italian version of IOC has been administered to a sample of Italian long-term cancer survivors (people free from cancer and its treatments for at least 5 years) together with the Short Form 36 Health Survey Questionnaire, the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30, and the Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data on 304 participants were analyzed. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a three-factor structure composed of Uncertainty/Worry about Health & Future (13 items), Personal Growth & Altruism (14 items), and Dissatisfaction & Life Interferences (10 items). Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha, >0.77) and temporal stability (Spearman's rho, >0.70) were good for all three factors. The obtained three factors correlated with the theoretically pertinent subscales of the other administered tools. To facilitate cross-cultural comparisons, reliability and convergent/divergent validity data for the eight-factor IOC structure already described in literature (Impact of Cancer Version 2) have been also provided.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study supports the use of the IOC in Italy as a trifactorial instrument that is able to isolate aspects characteristic of the condition of long-term cancer survivorship. However, subsequent studies are needed to confirm these findings as well as shed more light on the validity of the IOC construct and its cultural variability.
authors.affiliation: Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Muzzatti
authors.forename: Cristiana
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Flaiban
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Romito
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cormio
authors.forename: Maria Antonietta
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Annunziata
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000523:psychology*; D010555:Personality Inventory; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012647:Self-Assessment; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D017741:Survivors / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult
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