title: Microbial community acclimation enhances waste hydrolysis rates under elevated ammonia and salinity conditions.
abstract: Hydrolysis rates under potentially inhibitory concentrations of ammonia and salinity were investigated for two model feedstocks (manure and food waste). Rates were determined under a range of ammonia and salinity concentrations (1.0-10.0 g TAN [total ammonia nitrogen] L(-1) and 3.9-20.0 g sodium L(-1)) with unacclimated and acclimated microbial inocula. Microbial community changes as a function of acclimation and feedstock were also investigated. Using unacclimated inocula, hydrolysis was found to be severely inhibited for elevated ammonia and salinity (~4 to 10-fold, respectively) or hydrolysis was not detected. However, for inocula acclimated over 2-4 months, statistically significant inhibition generally was not detectable. Molecular analyses demonstrated that microbial community composition changed during acclimation, and bacterial communities under elevated ammonia were distinct from communities under elevated salinity. Feedstock source also had a major influence on bacterial community structure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado State University, 1372 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA. Electronic address: paige.wilson@colostate.edu.
authors.forename: L Paige
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado State University, 1372 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA. Electronic address: lucas.loetscher@colostate.edu.
authors.forename: Lucas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: H Loetscher
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado State University, 1372 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA. Electronic address: sybil.sharvelle@colostate.edu.
authors.forename: Sybil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: E Sharvelle
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado State University, 1372 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA. Electronic address: susan.de_long@colostate.edu.
authors.forename: Susan K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: De Long
mesh_terms: D000064:Acclimatization; D000641:Ammonia / Q000737:chemistry*; D000693:Anaerobiosis; D000818:Animals; D019149:Bioreactors; D002417:Cattle; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D006868:Hydrolysis; D007700:Kinetics; D008372:Manure / Q000382:microbiology*; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal / Q000378:metabolism; D054712:Salinity; D012722:Sewage / Q000382:microbiology*; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D008372:Manure; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal; D012722:Sewage; D000641:Ammonia
keywords: AD; ATP; Acclimation; Ammonia; Anaerobic digestion; DWWTP; Hydrolysis rates; MDS; OFMSW; OTU; Salinity; T-RFLP; T-RFs; TAN; adenosine-triphosphate; anaerobic digestion; drake municipal wastewater treatment plant; non-metric multi-dimensional scaling; operational taxonomic unit; organic fraction municipal solid waste; terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism; terminal restriction fragments; total ammonia nitrogen