title: Cross-cultural adaptation, reliability and validity of the Spanish version of the Upper Limb Functional Index.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Upper Limb Functional Index (ULFI) is an internationally widely used outcome measure with robust, valid psychometric properties. The purpose of study is to develop and validate a ULFI Spanish-version (ULFI-Sp).
  
  
  METHODS
  A two stage observational study was conducted. The ULFI was cross-culturally adapted to Spanish through double forward and backward translations, the psychometric properties were then validated. Participants (n = 126) with various upper limb conditions of >12 weeks duration completed the ULFI-Sp, QuickDASH and the Euroqol Health Questionnaire 5 Dimensions (EQ-5D-3 L). The full sample determined internal consistency, concurrent criterion validity, construct validity and factor structure; a subgroup (n = 35) determined reliability at seven days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ULFI-Sp demonstrated high internal consistency (α = 0.94) and reliability (r = 0.93). Factor structure was one-dimensional and supported construct validity. Criterion validity with the EQ-5D-3 L was fair and inversely correlated (r = -0.59). The QuickDASH data was unavailable for analysis due to excessive missing responses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ULFI-Sp is a valid upper limb outcome measure with similar psychometric properties to the English language version.
authors.forename: Antonio I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Cuesta-Vargas
authors.forename: Philip C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Gabel
mesh_terms: D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000592:standards*; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013030:Spain; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014175:Translating; D034941:Upper Extremity / Q000293:injuries* / Q000502:physiology; D064232:Visual Analog Scale
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