title: Serum adiponectin helps to differentiate type 1 and type 2 diabetes among young Asian Indians.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study assessed whether serum adiponectin could be used as a biochemical marker to differentiate type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) from type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among young Asian Indians.
  
  
  METHODS
  We recruited age- and sex-matched individuals with physician-diagnosed T1DM (n=70) and T2DM (n=72). All were 12-27 years of age with a duration of diabetes of >2 years, at a large tertiary-care diabetes center in Chennai, southern India. Age- and sex-matched individuals with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) (n=68) were selected from an ongoing population study. NGT was defined using World Health Organization criteria. Serum total adiponectin was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to identify adiponectin cut points for discriminating T1DM from T2DM.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adiponectin levels were higher in T1DM and lower in T2DM compared with the NGT group (9.89, 3.88, and 6.84 μg/mL, respectively; P<0.001). In standardized polytomous regression models, adiponectin was associated with T1DM (odds ratio [OR]=1.131 per SD; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.025-1.249) and T2DM (OR=0.628 per SD; 95% CI, 0.504-0.721) controlled for age, gender, waist circumference, body mass index, hypertension, glycated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, serum triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, family history of T2DM, and estimated glomerular filtration rate. Using ROC analysis, an adiponectin cut point of 5.1 μg/mL had a C statistic of 0.886 (95% CI, 0.836-0.953), sensitivity of 80.6%, and specificity of 80.6% to differentiate T1DM from T2DM. Using the 5.1 μg/mL cut point, 80.6% of T1DM and 81.8% of T2DM would be correctly classified.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum adiponectin is a useful biochemical marker for differentiating T1DM and T2DM among young Asian Indians.
authors.affiliation: Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-Communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, IDF Centre for Education, Gopalapuram, Chennai, India.
authors.forename: Kuppan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gokulakrishnan
authors.forename: Vivekanandhan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Aravindhan
authors.forename: Anandakumar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amutha
authors.forename: Shiny
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abhijit
authors.forename: Harish
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ranjani
authors.forename: Ranjit Mohan
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Anjana
authors.forename: Ranjith
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Unnikrishnan
authors.forename: Priya
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Miranda
authors.forename: K M Venkat
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Narayan
authors.forename: Viswanathan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mohan
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007194:India; D008297:Male; D050177:Overweight / Q000150:complications; D012372:ROC Curve; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C499918:ADIPOQ protein, human; D052242:Adiponectin; D015415:Biomarkers; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents
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