title: Poly-Drug Use among Ecstasy Users: Separate, Synergistic, and Indiscriminate Patterns.
abstract: The main objective of this paper is to explore poly-drug use among young adult ecstasy users. This phenomenon of using multiple substances within a specific time period is multi-faceted. In this paper, we focus on the various patterns of poly-drug use and the reasons for combining multiple drugs among ecstasy users. Using a mixed-methods design, we conducted interviews with young adults who used ecstasy and other licit and illicit drugs in the past 90 days. Based on the qualitative analyses, we define three distinct types of poly-drug experiences: separate, synergistic, and indiscriminate use. While separate and synergistic poly-drug use tended to be intentional, indiscriminate poly-drug use often was unintentional. These findings show the importance of recognizing poly-drug use as a common phenomenon. The findings presented here suggest areas for further research aimed at identifying risk and protective behaviors and risk reduction strategies.
authors.affiliation: Kennesaw State University, Department of Sociology and Criminal Justice.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boeri
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sterk
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bahora
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Elifson
references.citation: Addict Behav. 2006 Feb;31(2):355-8
references.pmid: 15950393
references.citation: Ann Epidemiol. 2007 Jan;17(1):74-80
references.pmid: 17140814
references.citation: Addict Behav. 2004 Jun;29(4):743-52
references.pmid: 15135556
references.citation: Drug Alcohol Rev. 1997 Sep;16(3):227-34
references.pmid: 16203432
references.citation: Pediatrics. 1997 Oct;100(4):705-8
references.pmid: 9310529
references.citation: Addiction. 2001 Jul;96(7):1035-47
references.pmid: 11440614
references.citation: Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2005 Aug;13(3):244-52
references.pmid: 16173888
references.citation: Drug Alcohol Depend. 2004 Jan 7;73(1):33-40
references.pmid: 14687957
references.citation: Addict Behav. 1999 Sep-Oct;24(5):607-31
references.pmid: 10574300
references.citation: Br J Addict. 1992 Aug;87(8):1161-72
references.pmid: 1354992
references.citation: J Subst Abuse. 1990;2(1):1-14
references.pmid: 1983776
references.citation: Int J Addict. 1987 Aug;22(8):727-49
references.pmid: 3679632
references.citation: J Psychoactive Drugs. 1994 Jan-Mar;26(1):77-83
references.pmid: 7913132
references.citation: Lancet. 2001 Aug 11;358(9280):483-8
references.pmid: 11513933
references.citation: Int J Drug Policy. 2001 Jul 1;12(2):181-199
references.pmid: 11399420
references.citation: Addict Behav. 2006 Apr;31(4):676-85
references.pmid: 16005160
references.citation: Addiction. 1999 Nov;94(11):1695-706
references.pmid: 10892008
references.citation: Subst Use Misuse. 2004;39(10-12):1907-69
references.pmid: 15587954
references.citation: J Psychopharmacol. 2006 May;20(3):417-24
references.pmid: 16574716
references.citation: Can J Psychiatry. 2002 Aug;47(6):546-51
references.pmid: 12211882
references.citation: Addict Behav. 2002 Nov-Dec;27(6):1025-35
references.pmid: 12369470
references.citation: Hum Psychopharmacol. 2003 Oct;18(7):519-24
references.pmid: 14533133
references.citation: J Drug Educ. 1996;26(4):349-56
references.pmid: 9071057
references.citation: J Psychoactive Drugs. 2002 Apr-Jun;34(2):215-23
references.pmid: 12691212
references.citation: Drug Alcohol Depend. 2005 Aug 1;79(2):167-79
references.pmid: 16002026
references.citation: Drug Alcohol Depend. 1998 Sep 1;52(1):85-90
references.pmid: 9788011
references.citation: J Adolesc. 2004 Jun;27(3):239-49
references.pmid: 15159086
references.citation: Cult Health Sex. 2005 Nov-Dec;7(6):599-614
references.pmid: 16864225
references.citation: Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2005 Oct;182(2):262-76
references.pmid: 16010539
references.citation: Addict Behav. 2005 Mar;30(3):571-4
references.pmid: 15718073
references.citation: Addict Behav. 2006 Feb;31(2):367-70
references.pmid: 15961251
references.citation: Drug Alcohol Rev. 2005 Jul;24(4):359-68
references.pmid: 16234132
references.citation: Am Fam Physician. 2004 Jun 1;69(11):2619-26
references.pmid: 15202696