title: Cognitive behavior therapy for psychological distress in patients with recurrent miscarriage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the reduction of psychiatric symptoms using individual cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) for women who suffer from recurrent miscarriage (RM) and depression and/or anxiety.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with RM and a score of five or higher for K6, a self-report screening scale for depression/anxiety, were interviewed to find information about stressful situations, thoughts, and consequent behaviors that are common and potential causes of psychological distress among RM patients. We then performed individual CBT on 14 patients with RM and depression/anxiety, referring to a list from the interviews, and examined the effects of CBT by a paired t-test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fourteen women received CBT. The mean number of intervention times was 8.9 sessions (standard deviation [SD], 4.6 sessions). The average Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-state anxiety scores, self-report screening scales for depression/anxiety, decreased from 13.6 (SD, 8.2) and 49.0 (SD, 7.1) at baseline to 5.2 (SD, 4.4) and 38.0 (SD, 10.2) posttherapy, respectively. These changes were statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current preliminary open study confirmed that individual CBT was potentially useful for women with RM and depression and/or anxiety. This finding is the first step towards creating a comprehensive psychological support system for women with RM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, School of Human Sciences, Sugiyama Jogakuen University, Nisshin, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Yumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: Tatsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akechi
authors.forename: Toshiaki A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Furukawa
authors.forename: Mayumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sugiura-Ogasawara
keywords: anxiety; depression; psychological support; spontaneous abortion
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