title: [Clinical application of sentinel lymph node biopsy under the guidance of contrast-enhanced ultrasound plus methylene blue in patients with breast cancer].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the application feasibility of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) plus methylene blue in sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) for breast cancer and determine the ultrasonographic features of sentinel lymph node (SLN).
  
  
  METHODS
  The microbubbles of SonoVue were injected subcutaneously and intradermally into tumor side of areola. The images were observed to record the size, number, lymphatic door, aspect ratio, enhanced time and enhanced mode of SLN. Methylene blue was injected into SLN under the guidance of ultrasound. The marked SLNs were dissected for pathological examinations. Based upon the results, the specimens were divided into SLN metastasis and SLN non-metastasis groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 34 breast cancer patients were recruited. Among them, SLN was detected preoperatively in 31 patients by CEUS and the rate was 91.2%. And the postoperative results showed that 14 were confirmed positive (metastasis group) and 17 negative (non-metastasis group). The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and false negative rate of CEUS for detecting SLNs were 93.3% (14/15), 100% (16/16), 96.8% (30/31) and 6.7% (1/15) respectively. The model of stepwise regression analysis showed that lymphatic door, aspect ratio and enhanced mode were helpful to differentiate SLN metastasis and SLN non-metastasis groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SLNB under the guidance of CEUS plus methylene blue offer prompt and accurate localization with a lower cost. It may enhance the detection rate of SLNB in breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: De-sheng
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Yin-hua
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D008751:Methylene Blue; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy / Q000379:methods*; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D008751:Methylene Blue