title: Effect of dental bleaching after bracket bonding and debonding using three different adhesive systems.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the influence of bonding and debonding of orthodontic brackets on dental in-home bleaching, taking into account three different adhesive systems.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-four bovine incisors were divided into four groups according to the primer system used for orthodontic bracket bonding. Following the debonding of orthodontic brackets, the teeth were stored in staining solution for 96 hours. Then, teeth were whitened using 10% carbamide peroxide for two weeks at a 6-hour-a-day regime. Standardized digital photographs were taken at the following intervals: T₀ (initial); T₁ (after debonding); T₂ (after pigmentation); T₃, T₄ and T₅ representing 1, 7, and 14 days of bleaching. Repeatability and stability tests were carried out to check the method accuracy. Images were analyzed using Adobe Photoshop 7.0 software considering (L*a*b*) color coordinate values and a modified color difference total (ΔE').
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of this study (ANOVA and Tukey; p < 0.01) demonstrated that after 7 days of bleaching, experimental groups showed significantly less teeth whitening compared to the control group. However, there were no significant color differences between the groups after 14 days, according to values of lightness (L*).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Regardless of the adhesive primer system applied, bonding and debonding of orthodontic brackets alters the outcome of tooth whitening in the first 7 days of bleaching, however it has no influence on the whitening of the dental structure after 14 days of in-home dental bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Orthodontics, Federal University of Bahia (UFBa), Brazil. lurufino@uol.com.br
authors.forename: Lucianna de Oliveira
authors.initials: Lde O
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mathias
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rizzo
authors.forename: Telma Martins
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: de Araújo
authors.forename: Maria Cristina Teixeira
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Cangussu
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000077463:Carbamide Peroxide; D002417:Cattle; D003124:Colorimetry; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000379:methods*; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D017005:Dental Debonding / Q000379:methods*; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D010545:Peroxides / Q000737:chemistry*; D014073:Tooth Bleaching / Q000379:methods*; D058205:Tooth Bleaching Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D014508:Urea / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D003738:Dental Cements; D010545:Peroxides; D058205:Tooth Bleaching Agents; D000077463:Carbamide Peroxide; D014508:Urea
keywords: Dental bleaching; Orthodontic brackets; Photography; Primer