title: Alcohol consumption improves insulin signaling in the myocardium.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In a previous study, we demonstrated that swine with metabolic syndrome treated with alcohol had improved insulin signaling. We developed a follow-up study to evaluate the effects of alcohol on ischemic myocardium in animals without metabolic syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen Yorkshire swine underwent placement of an ameroid constrictor to induce chronic myocardial ischemia. Postoperatively, one group was supplemented with ethanol (ETOH), and one group was supplemented with sucrose (SUC) daily to normalize caloric intake. After 7 weeks, all animals underwent dextrose challenge and harvest of nonischemic and ischemic myocardium. Tissues were analyzed for protein expression and histologic analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no difference in body mass index, serum glucose or insulin levels. However, ethanol supplementation up-regulated phosphoinostitide 3-kinase, phosphorylated protein kinase B, protein kinase B, and phosphorylated Forkhead Box 01 expression, which may promote insulin signaling, and down-regulated inhibitors of insulin signaling pIRS1 and pIRS2. There was no difference in intramyocardial glycogen but there was increased GLUT4 expression in the ETOH group, which may promote glucose use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite similar serum glucose and insulin levels, alcohol consumption up-regulates the insulin signaling pathway in the absence of metabolic syndrome in both nonischemic and chronically ischemic myocardium. These results suggest that alcohol selectively up-regulates the insulin signaling pathway despite normoglycemia.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02905, USA.
authors.forename: Nassrene Y
authors.initials: NY
authors.lastname: Elmadhun
authors.forename: Antonio D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Lassaletta
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Burgess
authors.forename: Ashraf A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Sabe
authors.forename: Frank W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Sellke
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4 / Q000032:analysis; D007328:Insulin / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D013552:Swine; D013556:Swine, Miniature
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D007328:Insulin; D000431:Ethanol; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt
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