title: Facilitation and inhibition: changes in plant nitrogen and secondary metabolites mediate interactions between above-ground and below-ground herbivores.
abstract: To date, it remains unclear how herbivore-induced changes in plant primary and secondary metabolites impact above-ground and below-ground herbivore interactions. Here, we report effects of above-ground (adult) and below-ground (larval) feeding by Bikasha collaris on nitrogen and secondary chemicals in shoots and roots of Triadica sebifera to explain reciprocal above-ground and below-ground insect interactions. Plants increased root tannins with below-ground herbivory, but above-ground herbivory prevented this increase and larval survival doubled. Above-ground herbivory elevated root nitrogen, probably contributing to increased larval survival. However, plants increased foliar tannins with above-ground herbivory and below-ground herbivory amplified this increase, and adult survival decreased. As either foliar or root tannins increased, foliar flavonoids decreased, suggesting a trade-off between these chemicals. Together, these results show that plant chemicals mediate contrasting effects of conspecific larval and adult insects, whereas insects may take advantage of plant responses to facilitate their offspring performance, which may influence population dynamics.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Evan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Siemann
authors.forename: Xuefang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Gregory S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Wheeler
authors.forename: Jianqing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ding
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002244:Carbon / Q000378:metabolism; D002681:China; D001517:Coleoptera / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D019665:Euphorbiaceae / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000378:metabolism; D060434:Herbivory; D007814:Larva / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D018520:Plant Shoots / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D013634:Tannins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; D013634:Tannins; D002244:Carbon; D009584:Nitrogen
keywords: Bikasha collaris; Triadica sebifera; flavonoids; root; shoot; tannins
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