title: Comparison of enamel discoloration associated with bonding with three different orthodontic adhesives and cleaning-up with four different procedures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to compare whether there was any difference in the enamel discoloration after staining when three orthodontic adhesives and four enamel clean-up methods were tested.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three types of orthodontic adhesives were used: chemically cured resin, light-cured resin and resin-modified glass-ionomer cement. A total of 120 human extracted premolars were included. 10 teeth of each orthodontic adhesive were randomly cleaned-up with one of four different procedures and stained in coffee for seven days: (1) carbide bur (TC); (2) carbide bur; Sof-Lex polishers (TC+SL); (3) carbide bur and one gloss polishers (TC+OG); and (4) carbide bur and PoGo polishers (TC+PG). Color measurements were made with Crystaleye dental spectrophotometer at baseline and after storage in a coffee solution one week. Two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni tests were used for statistical analyses (P<0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The color change values of the adhesive materials in the TC groups were the greatest. The lowest ΔE* values were obtained from the TC+SL groups. However, there were no significant difference between the TC+SL and TC+PG groups (P>0.05). The resin-modified glass-ionomer cement groups showed the lowest color differences and chemically cured resin groups showed the highest ΔE* values among all the orthodontic adhesives (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The color change of enamel surface was affected by the type of adhesive materials and cleanup procedures.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases (Sichuan University), Department of Orthodontics, West China Stomatological Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, PR China.
authors.forename: Cui
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Zhihe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Xing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wei
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D000293:Adolescent; D000538:Aluminum Silicates / Q000737:chemistry; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry; D002648:Child; D003069:Coffee; D003116:Color; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000473:pathology*; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D055115:Light-Curing of Dental Adhesives / Q000379:methods; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D055116:Self-Curing of Dental Resins / Q000379:methods; D013053:Spectrophotometry / Q000295:instrumentation; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors; D014075:Tooth Discoloration / Q000473:pathology*; D017973:Tungsten Compounds / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D003069:Coffee; C095451:Fuji Ortho LC; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D019279:Resin Cements; C477790:Transbond XT; D017973:Tungsten Compounds; C002802:tungsten carbide; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate
keywords: Clean-up procedures; PoGo; Sof-Lex discs; Spectrophotometer; Tooth color