title: Oral plus nasal corticosteroids improve smell, nasal congestion, and inflammation in sino-nasal polyposis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effect of oral plus intranasal corticosteroids on subjective outcomes (smell and nasal congestion) and objective outcomes (tissue eosinophilia and nitric oxide) in severe nasal polyposis (NP).
  
  
  METHODS
  After a 4-week steroid washout period (w0), severe NP were randomized into a treatment group (n = 67) that receive oral prednisone for 2 weeks (w2) plus intranasal budesonide for 12 weeks (w12), and a control group (n = 22) that received no steroid treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Barcelona Smell Test 24 (BAST-24), nasal congestion, tissue eosinophilia, and nasal nitric oxide (nNO) were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Before treatment, patients showed a significant impairment of smell detection (30.7 ± 39.5%), identification (7.1 ± 16.1%), and forced choice (13.8 ± 23.3%) in BAST-24 compared to healthy population. At w2, the treatment group showed a significant improvement in detection, identification, and forced choice. Positive effect was also seen after 12 weeks of intranasal corticosteroids. A significant reduction of nasal congestion (1.17 ± 1.0 vs. 2.73 ± 0.5) and polyp tissue eosinophilia (10.9 ± 4.2 vs. 41.2 ± 12.2) with an increase of nNO (650 ± 317 vs. 420 ± 221 ppb) were observed at w2 compared to w0 and to the control group. These effects were also seen at w12.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combined oral and intranasal corticosteroids improve smell and nasal congestion and decrease nasal inflammation, as measured by reduced tissue eosinophilia and increased detection of nNO. Severity of smell loss correlates with degree of nasal congestion but not with inflammation, as measured by tissue eosinophilia or nasally exhaled nNO. Our findings suggest that improvement in smell may be related to improved conduction of odorants to the olfactory neuroepithelium.
authors.affiliation: Rhinology Unit and Smell Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques, August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, (CIBERES), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
authors.forename: Isam
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Alobid
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Benítez
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cardelús
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: de Borja Callejas
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lehrer-Coriat
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pujols
authors.forename: Cesar
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Picado
authors.forename: Joaquim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mullol
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015508:Nasal Obstruction / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology*; D009298:Nasal Polyps / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000857:Olfaction Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology*; D010256:Paranasal Sinuses; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones
keywords: BAST-24; corticosteroids; eosinophilia; loss of smell; nasal polyposis