title: Peptidome analysis of human skim milk in term and preterm milk.
abstract: The abundant proteins in human milk have been well characterized and are known to provide nutritional, protective, and developmental advantages to both term and preterm infants. Due to the difficulties associated with detection technology of the peptides, the expression of the peptides present in human milk is not known widely. In recent years, peptidome analysis has received increasing attention. In this report, the analysis of endogenous peptides in human milk was done by mass spectrometry. A method was also developed by our researchers, which can be used in the extraction of peptide from human milk. Analysis of the extracts by LC-MS/MS resulted in the detection of 1000-3000Da peptide-like features. Out of these, 419 peptides were identified by MS/MS. The identified peptides were found to originate from 34 proteins, of which several have been reported. Analysis of the peptides' cleavage sites showed that the peptides are cleaved with regulations. This may reflect the protease activity and distribution in human body, and also represent the biological state of the tissue and provide a fresh source for biomarker discovery. Isotope dimethyl labeling analysis was also used to test the effects of premature delivery on milk protein composition in this study. Differences in peptides expression between breast milk in term milk (38-41weeks gestation) and preterm milk (28-32weeks gestation) were investigated in this study. 41 Peptides in these two groups were found expressed differently. 23 Peptides were present at higher levels in preterm milk, and 18 were present at higher levels in term milk.
authors.affiliation: Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Medical Institute, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.forename: Xian-wei
authors.initials: XW
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zi-yi
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Xi-rong
authors.initials: XR
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Li-Zhou
authors.initials: LZ
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Chen-bo
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Ji
mesh_terms: D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry*; D057786:Peptidomimetics / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D047928:Premature Birth / Q000378:metabolism*; D020543:Proteome / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D014461:Ultracentrifugation
chemical_list: D008894:Milk Proteins; D057786:Peptidomimetics; D020543:Proteome
keywords: Human milk; Isotope dimethyl labeling; Mass spectrometry; Peptidomics; Ultrafiltration