title: Coffee and tea consumption in relation to prostate cancer prognosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bioactive compounds found in coffee and tea may delay the progression of prostate cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated associations of pre-diagnostic coffee and tea consumption with risk of prostate cancer recurrence/progression. Study participants were men diagnosed with prostate cancer in 2002-2005 in King County, Washington, USA. We assessed the usual pattern of coffee and tea consumption two years before diagnosis date. Prostate cancer-specific outcome events were identified using a detailed follow-up survey. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The analysis of coffee intake in relation to prostate cancer recurrence/progression included 630 patients with a median follow-up of 6.4 years, during which 140 prostate cancer recurrence/progression events were recorded. Approximately 61 % of patients consumed at least one cup of coffee per day. Coffee consumption was associated with a reduced risk of prostate cancer recurrence/progression; the adjusted HR for ≥4 cups/day versus ≤1 cup/week was 0.41 (95 % CI: 0.20, 0.81; p for trend = 0.01). Approximately 14 % of patients consumed one or more cups of tea per day, and tea consumption was unrelated to prostate cancer recurrence/progression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results indicate that higher pre-diagnostic coffee consumption is associated with a lower risk of prostate cancer recurrence/progression. This finding will require replication in larger studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands, milan.geybels@maastrichtuniversity.nl.
authors.forename: Milan S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Geybels
authors.forename: Marian L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Neuhouser
authors.forename: Jonathan L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: Marni
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stott-Miller
authors.forename: Janet L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Stanford
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003069:Coffee; D018450:Disease Progression; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012307:Risk Factors; D018426:SEER Program / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013662:Tea; D014861:Washington / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D003069:Coffee; D013662:Tea
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