title: Perceptions and practices regarding delirium, sedation and analgesia in critically ill patients: a narrative review.
abstract: A significant number of landmark studies have been published in the last decade that increase the current knowledge on sedation for critically ill patients. Therefore, many practices that were considered standard of care are now outdated. Oversedation has been shown to be hazardous, and light sedation and no-sedation protocols are associated with better patient outcomes. Delirium is increasingly recognized as a major form of acute brain dysfunction that is associated with higher mortality, longer duration of mechanical ventilation and longer lengths of stay in the intensive care unit and hospital. Despite all the available evidence, translating research into bedside care is a daunting task. International surveys have shown that practices such as sedation interruption and titration are performed only in the minority of cases. Implementing best practices is a major challenge that must also be addressed in the new guidelines. In this review, we summarize the findings of sedation and delirium research over the last years. We also discuss the gap between evidence and clinical practice and highlight ways to implement best practices at the bedside.
authors.affiliation: Instituto D’Or de Pesquisa e Ensino - IDOR - Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cassia Righy
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Shinotsuka
authors.forename: Jorge Ibrain Figueira
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Salluh
mesh_terms: D000698:Analgesia / Q000379:methods; D003422:Critical Care / Q000379:methods*; D016638:Critical Illness; D003693:Delirium / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D007902:Length of Stay; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives
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