title: Involvement of Ran in the regulation of phagocytosis against virus infection in S2 cells.
abstract: Phagocytosis plays important roles in innate and adaptive immunity in animals. Some small G proteins are found to be related to phagocytosis. However, the Ran GTPase has not been intensively characterized in immunity. In this paper, the sequence analysis showed that the Ran was highly conserved in animals, suggesting that its function was preserved during animal evolution. The results showed that Ran was upregulated in S2 cells in response to DCV infection. It was further revealed that the antiviral phagocytosis could be mediated by Ran in S2 cells. By comparison with the early marker and late marker of phagosomes, the results showed that the Ran protein played an essential role at the early stage of phagocytosis or throughout the entire phagocytic process. Therefore our findings enlarged our limited knowledge about the phagocytosis regulation by small G proteins concerning to the nucleus.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture and College of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Xiaobo
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D010588:Phagosomes / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000276:immunology*; D020931:ran GTP-Binding Protein / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D020931:ran GTP-Binding Protein
keywords: 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate; ADP-ribosylation factor; Arf; BCIP; DCV; Drosophila C virus; FBS; FITC; Innate immunity; LAMP1; NBT; PBS; PCR; PMSF; Phagocytosis; RP49; Rab; Ran; Ras gene from rat brain; Ras homology; Ras related nuclear protein; Rho; S2; S2 cells; SDS–PAGE; Schneider line 2; fetal bovine serum; fluorescein isothiocyanate; fruit fly ribosome protein 49; lysosome associated membrane protein 1; nitroblue tetrazolium; phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride; phosphate buffered saline; polymerase chain reaction; siRNA; small interfering RNA; sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis