title: Increased anxiety-like behavior but no cognitive impairments in adult rats exposed to constant light conditions during perinatal development.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Shift-work is suggested to affect fetal development negatively. In particular, maternal hormonal disturbance arising from sleep deprivation or circadian rhythm changes may disturb fetal growth or lead to complications during pregnancy. Exposure to constant light is an environmental stressor that can affect the circadian system and has been shown to induce neurochemical and behavioral changes when used during the prenatal and/or postnatal period in experimental animals. However, studies investigating long-term effects of constant light in the offspring are sparse.
  
  
  METHODS
  An accidental power outage resulted in pregnant females being housed under constant light (LL) conditions for seven days of the offspring perinatal development (embryonic day 20 to postnatal day 4). The long-term effects of constant light on the behavior in the adult offspring were assessed by means of open field, object recognition, and water maze tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In adulthood, LL-animals displayed an intact recognition memory and no deficits in spatial learning or memory. In the open field test, LL-animals exhibited higher anxiety-like behavior, observed as significantly more thigmotaxis and less ambulation. These results were confirmed in the other behavioral tests as the LL-animals spent less time exploring the objects in the object recognition test, and showed thigmotactic behavior also in the water maze test.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results confirm that early life experience can cause changes in brain development that shape brain function and add to the sparse literature on long-term effects of constant light conditions during perinatal development on specific behaviors in adulthood.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University , Box 591, SE-751 24 Uppsala , Sweden.
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Roman
authors.forename: Oskar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Karlsson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D008027:Light; D008297:Male; D018811:Maternal Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018782:Maze Learning; D011247:Pregnancy; D011270:Pregnancy, Animal; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
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