title: The caspase-related protease separase (extra spindle poles) regulates cell polarity and cytokinesis in Arabidopsis.
abstract: Vesicle trafficking plays an important role in cell division, establishment of cell polarity, and translation of environmental cues to developmental responses. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating vesicle trafficking remain poorly understood. Here, we report that the evolutionarily conserved caspase-related protease separase (extra spindle poles [ESP]) is required for the establishment of cell polarity and cytokinesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. At the cellular level, separase colocalizes with microtubules and RabA2a (for RAS genes from rat brainA2a) GTPase-positive structures. Separase facilitates polar targeting of the auxin efflux carrier PIN-formed2 (PIN2) to the rootward side of the root cortex cells. Plants with the radially swollen4 (rsw4) allele with compromised separase activity, in addition to mitotic failure, display isotropic cell growth, perturbation of auxin gradient formation, slower gravitropic response in roots, and cytokinetic failure. Measurements of the dynamics of vesicle markers on the cell plate revealed an overall reduction of the delivery rates of KNOLLE and RabA2a GTPase in separase-deficient roots. Furthermore, dissociation of the clathrin light chain, a protein that plays major role in the formation of coated vesicles, was slower in rsw4 than in the control. Our results demonstrate that separase is a key regulator of vesicle trafficking, which is indispensable for cytokinesis and the establishment of cell polarity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biology and Forest Genetics, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linean Center for Plant Biology, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. panagiotis.moschou@slu.se
authors.forename: Panagiotis N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Moschou
authors.forename: Andrei P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Smertenko
authors.forename: Elena A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Minina
authors.forename: Kazutake
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fukada
authors.forename: Eugene I
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Savenkov
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Robert
authors.forename: Patrick J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Hussey
authors.forename: Peter V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Bozhkov
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D016764:Cell Polarity / Q000235:genetics*; D048749:Cytokinesis / Q000235:genetics*; D036681:Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015151:Immunoblotting; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008870:Microtubules / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D011485:Protein Binding; D050765:Qa-SNARE Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D034622:RNA Interference; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D064247:Separase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D020691:rab GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D050765:Qa-SNARE Proteins; D064247:Separase; D020691:rab GTP-Binding Proteins; C097724:KNOLLE protein, Arabidopsis; C116363:PIN1 protein, Arabidopsis; C117013:AT5G57090 protein, Arabidopsis; C577985:AESP protein, Arabidopsis; C586737:Rab GTPase 11C, Arabidopsis thaliana
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