title: Sleep-related and non-sleep-related migraine: interictal sleep quality, arousals and pain thresholds.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The mechanisms associating sleep and migraine are unknown. No previous polysomnographic (PSG) or pain-threshold (PT) study has compared patients with sleep-related migraine attacks (SM), non-sleep related migraine attacks (NSM) and healthy controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  We have performed a blinded, prospective exploratory study with case-control design. Thirty-four healthy controls, 15 patients with SM and 18 patients with NSM had interictal PSG heat-, cold- and pressure PT (HPT, CPT, PPT) recordings and completed diary- and questionnaire on sleep and headache related aspects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  NSM patients had more slow-wave sleep (SWS) and more K-bursts than SM patients (K-bursts: p = 0.023 and SWS: p = 0.030) and controls (K-bursts: p = 0.009 and SWS: 0.041). NSM patients also had lower HPT and CPT than controls (p = 0.026 and p = 0.021). In addition, SM patients had more awakenings and less D-bursts than controls (p = 0.025 and p = 0.041).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SM- and NSM patients differed in objective-, but not subjective sleep quality. NSM patients had PSG findings indicating foregoing sleep deprivation. As foregoing sleep times were normal, a relative sleep deficit might explain reduced PT among NSM patients. The SM patients had signs of slightly disturbed sleep.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neurosciences, PB 8905, MTFS, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim N-7489, Norway. morten.engstrom@ntnu.no.
authors.forename: Morten
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Engstrøm
authors.forename: Knut
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hagen
authors.forename: Marte
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bjørk
authors.forename: Gøril Bruvik
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Gravdahl
authors.forename: Trond
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sand
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000502:physiology*; D017286:Polysomnography; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*
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