title: Negative emotional distraction on neural circuits for working memory in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the neural mechanism for the impact of negative emotional distraction on working memory in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) resulting from exposure to motor vehicle accidents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty PTSD patients and 20 healthy subjects were recruited. Event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to investigate the effects of negative and neutral distractors on a delayed-response working memory task. All experiments were performed on a 3.0T MRI scanner, and the functional imaging data were analyzed using SPM8 software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The PTSD group showed poorer performance than the control group when the negative distractors were presented during the delay phase of working memory. The functional imaging indicated that, in the presence of negative relative to neutral distractors, the PTSD group showed higher activation in the emotion processing regions, including amygdala, precuneus and fusiform gyrus, but lower activation in the inferior frontal cortex, insula and left supramarginal gyrus than the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on the results that activation in the PTSD patients in the presence of negative distractors increased in the emotion-related brain regions but decreased in the working memory-related brain regions, we may conclude that the neural basis of working memory is impaired by negative emotion in PTSD patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Image, College of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
authors.forename: Jing-na
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Kun-lining
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.forename: Ming-guo
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Han
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jia-jia
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000502:physiology*; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000473:pathology* / Q000502:physiology*; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Functional magnetic resonance imaging; Negative emotion interference; Posttraumatic stress disorder; Working memory