title: Effects on the local immunity in the testis by exposure to di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in mice.
abstract: Exposure to di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) has been reported to induce spermatogenic disturbance through oxidant stress and affect the immune system as an adjuvant. However, the effect of DEHP on the testicular immune microenvironment has not yet been investigated. In the present study, we examined the testicular immune microenvironment after exposure to doses of DEHP, previously identified as no-observed-adverse-effect levels. Adult male mice were administered food containing 0%, 0.01% or 0.1% DEHP and then testes were analyzed. The results showed that a slight but significant spermatogenic disturbance appeared in the 0.1% DEHP group but not in the 0.01% DEHP group at 8 weeks. It was also demonstrated that lymphocytes and F4/80- and MHC class II- positive cells were significantly increased with the elevation of IL-10 and IFN-γ mRNA expressions in the testes of not only the 0.1% DEHP group but also the 0.01% DEHP group at 8 weeks. Histochemical analyses involving horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as a tracer showed that a little blood-borne HRP had infiltrated into the lumen of a few seminiferous tubules beyond the blood-testis-barrier in both the 0.1% and 0.01% DEHP groups at 8 weeks. This indicates that a dose of DEHP that has little effects on spermatogenesis can change the testicular immune microenvironment with functional damage of the blood-testis barrier.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan.
authors.forename: Miyuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kitaoka
authors.forename: Shuichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hirai
authors.forename: Hayato
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Terayama
authors.forename: Munekazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Naito
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.forename: Naoyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hatayama
authors.forename: Hidenobu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miyaso
authors.forename: Yoshiharu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsuno
authors.forename: Masatoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Komiyama
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.forename: Chisato
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mori
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001814:Blood-Testis Barrier / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004051:Diethylhexyl Phthalate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000187:drug effects*; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal / Q000187:drug effects*; D056747:Immunomodulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008805:Mice, Inbred A; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010968:Plasticizers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011897:Random Allocation; D012670:Seminiferous Epithelium / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D013091:Spermatogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D013737:Testis / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D010968:Plasticizers; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D004051:Diethylhexyl Phthalate
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