title: Embryonic development of goldfish (Carassius auratus): a model for the study of evolutionary change in developmental mechanisms by artificial selection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Highly divergent morphology among the different goldfish strains (Carassius auratus) may make it a suitable model for investigating how artificial selection has altered developmental mechanisms. Here we describe the embryological development of the common goldfish (the single fin Wakin), which retains the ancestral morphology of this species.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We divided goldfish embryonic development into seven periods consisting of 34 stages, using previously reported developmental indices of zebrafish and goldfish. Although several differences were identified in terms of their yolk size, epiboly process, pigmentation patterns, and development rate, our results indicate that the embryonic features of these two teleost species are highly similar in their overall morphology from the zygote to hatching stage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results provide an opportunity for further study of the evolutionary relationship between domestication and development, through applying well-established zebrafish molecular biological resources to goldfish embryos.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Aquatic Zoology, Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Yilan, Taiwan; The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Hsin-Yuan
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Mariann
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Shih-Chieh
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Gembu
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: Kinya G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Ota
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000378:metabolism; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D006054:Goldfish / Q000196:embryology*
keywords: domestication; model organisms; normal developmental stages
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