title: Genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii from pigs from different localities in China by PCR-RFLP.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Toxoplasma gondii is a widely prevalent protozoan parasite that causes serious toxoplasmosis in humans and animals. The present study aimed to determine the genetic diversity of T. gondii isolates from pigs in Jiangxi, Sichuan, Guangdong Provinces and Chongqing Municipality in China using multilocous polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technology.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 38 DNA samples were extracted from hilar lymph nodes of pigs with suspected toxoplasmosis, and were detected for the presence of T. gondii by semi-nested PCR of B1 gene. The positive DNA samples were typed at 11 genetic markers, including 10 nuclear loci, namely, SAG1, 5'-SAG2 and 3'-SAG2, alternative SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1, and an apicoplast locus Apico.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-five of the 38 DNA samples were T. gondii B1 gene positive. Complete genotyping data for all loci could be obtained for 17 of the 25 samples. Two genotypes were revealed (ToxoDB PCR-RFLP genotypes #9 and #3). Sixteen samples belong to genotype #9 which is the major lineage in mainland China and one sample belongs to genotype #3 which is Type II variant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To our knowledge, this is the first report of genetic typing of T. gondii isolates from pigs in Jiangxi, Sichuan Province and Chongqing Municipality, and the first report of ToxoDB #3 T. gondii from pigs in China. These results have implications for the prevention and control of foodborne toxoplasmosis in humans.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, PR China. shzhdeng@163.com.
authors.forename: Hai-Hai
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Si-Yang
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Dong-Hui
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Xiao-Xuan
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Chunlei
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Shun-Zhou
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Xing-Quan
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002681:China; D016172:DNA Fingerprinting; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D058974:Phylogeography; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000469:parasitology*; D014122:Toxoplasma / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014124:Toxoplasmosis, Animal / Q000469:parasitology*
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