title: The adverse effects of phoxim exposure in the midgut of silkworm, Bombyx mori.
abstract: The silkworm is an important economic insect. Poisoning of silkworms by organophosphate pesticides causes tremendous loss to the sericulture. In this study, Solexa sequencing technology was performed to profile the gene expression changes in the midgut of silkworms in response to 24h of phoxim exposure and the impact on detoxification, apoptosis and immune defense were addressed. The results showed that 254 genes displayed at least 2.0-fold changes in expression levels, with 148 genes up-regulated and 106 genes down-regulated. Cytochrome P450 played an important role in detoxification. Histopathology examination and transmission electron microscope revealed swollen mitochondria and disappearance of the cristae of mitochondria, which are the important features in insect apoptotic cells. Cytochrome C release from mitochondria into the cytoplasm was confirmed. In addition, the Toll and immune deficiency (IMD) signal pathways were all inhibited using qRT-PCR. Our results could help better understand the impact of phoxim exposure on silkworm.
authors.affiliation: School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China.
authors.forename: ZhiYa
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: YiJun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: FanChi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Lie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: ShanShan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: BinBin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: JuMei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Fashui
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: WeiDe
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D012831:Bombyx / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004064:Digestive System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression; D008658:Inactivation, Metabolic / Q000235:genetics; D007306:Insecticides / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D009946:Organothiophosphorus Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D009946:Organothiophosphorus Compounds; C003135:phoxim; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System
keywords: AChE; Apoptosis; B. mori; Bombyx mori; CAT; CYP; CarE; CytC; DGE; Detoxification; Digital gene expression; EST; FADD; GST; IMD; Immune defense; LC50; O,O-diethyl O-(alpha-cyanobenzylideneamino) phosphorothioate; PBR; PMSF; POD; PVDF; Phoxim; Phoxim insecticide; ROS; SOD; Superoxide dismutase; TBST; TPM; VDAC; acetylcholinesterase; carboxylesterase; catalase; cytochrome C; cytochrome P450; digital gene expression; esterase; fas associated with death domain; glutathione-S-transferase; immune deficiency; lethal concentration; number of transcripts per million clean tags; peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor; peroxidase; phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride; polyvinylidene difluoride; reactive oxygen species; tris-buffered saline containing 0.5% Tween-20; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel