title: DEK over expression as an independent biomarker for poor prognosis in colorectal cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The DEK protein is related to chromatin reconstruction and gene transcription, and plays an important role in cell apoptosis. High expression levels of the human DEK gene have been correlated with numerous human malignancies. This study explores the roles of DEK in tumor progression and as a prognostic determinant of colorectal cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Colorectal cancer specimens from 109 patients with strict follow-up, and colorectal adenomas from 52 patients were selected for analysis of DEK protein by immunohistochemistry. The correlations between DEK over expression and the clinicopathological features of colorectal cancers were evaluated by Chi-square test and Fisher's exact tests. The survival rates were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method, and the relationship between prognostic factors and patient survival was also analyzed by the Cox proportional hazard models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DEK protein showed a nuclear immunohistochemical staining pattern in colorectal cancers. The strongly positive rate of DEK protein was 48.62% (53/109) in colorectal cancers, which was significantly higher than that in either adjacent normal colon mucosa (9.17%, 10/109) or colorectal adenomas (13.46%, 7/52). DEK over expression in colorectal cancers was positively correlated with tumor size, grade, lymph node metastasis, serosal invasion, late stage, and disease-free survival- and 5-year survival rates. Further analysis showed that patients with late stage colorectal cancer and high DEK expression had worse survival rates than those with low DEK expression. Moreover, multivariate analysis showed high DEK expression, serosal invasion, and late stage are significant independent risk factors for mortality in colorectal cancer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DEK plays an important role in the progression of colorectal cancers and it is an independent poor prognostic factor of colorectal cancers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Yanbian University College of Medicine, Yanji 133002, China.
authors.forename: Lijuan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Junjie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Piao
authors.forename: Wenbin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Yingshi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Piao
authors.forename: Guang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Jinzi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Zhenhua
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015513:Oncogene Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D000075223:Poly-ADP-Ribose Binding Proteins; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; C084738:DEK protein, human; D015513:Oncogene Proteins; D000075223:Poly-ADP-Ribose Binding Proteins
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