title: Hybrid multidimensional T(2) and diffusion-weighted MRI for prostate cancer detection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the dependence of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and T2 on echo time (TE) and b-value, respectively, in normal prostate and prostate cancer, using two-dimensional MRI sampling, referred to as "hybrid multidimensional imaging."
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 10 patients with biopsy-proven prostate cancer who underwent 3 Tesla prostate MRI. Diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) data were acquired at b = 0, 750, and 1500 s/mm(2) . For each b-value, data were acquired at TEs of 47, 75, and 100 ms. ADC and T2 were measured as a function of b-value and TE, respectively, in 15 cancer and 10 normal regions of interest (ROIs). The Friedman test was used to test the significance of changes in ADC as a function of TE and of T2 as a function of b-value.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In normal prostate ROIs, the ADC at TE of 47 ms is significantly smaller than ADC at TE of 100 ms (P = 0.0003) and T2 at b-value of 0 s/mm(2) is significantly longer than T2 at b-value of 1500 s/mm(2) (P = 0.001). In cancer ROIs, average ADC and T2 values do not change as a function of TE and b-value, respectively. However, in many cancer pixels, there are large decreases in the ADC as a function of TE and large increases in T2 as a function of b-value. Cancers are more conspicuous in ADC maps at longer TEs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Parameters derived from hybrid imaging that depend on coupled/associated values of ADC and T2 may improve the accuracy of MRI in diagnosing prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Shiyang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yahui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Milica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Medved
authors.forename: Ambereen N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Yousuf
authors.forename: Marko K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Ivancevic
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Karademir
authors.forename: Yulei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Tatjana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Antic
authors.forename: Steffen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sammet
authors.forename: Aytekin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oto
authors.forename: Gregory S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Karczmar
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D064847:Multimodal Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D011467:Prostate / Q000473:pathology*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
keywords: ADC; DWI; T2; TE; multidimensional hybrid MRI; prostate cancer
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