title: Blood stasis syndrome of coronary heart disease: A perspective of modern medicine.
abstract: The medical community as a whole is attempting to start preventive therapy for coronary heart disease (CHD) patients earlier in life. However, the main limitations of such interventions are drug resistance and adverse reactions. Additionally, traditional biomarker discovery methods for CHD focus on the behavior of individual biomarkers regardless of their relevance. These limitations have led to attempting novel approaches to multi-dimensionally investigate CHD and identify safe and efficacious therapies for preventing CHD. Recently, the benefit of Chinese medicine (CM) in CHD has been proven by increasing clinical evidence. More importantly, linking CM theory with modern biomedicine may lead to new scientific discoveries. According to CM theory, all treatments for patients should be based on patients' syndromes. A recent epidemiological investigation has demonstrated that blood stasis syndrome (BSS) is the major syndrome type of CHD. BSS is a type of complex pathophysiological state characterized by decreased or impeded blood flow. Common clinical features of BSS include a darkish complexion, scaly dry skin, and cyanosis of the lips and nails, a purple or dark tongue with purple spots, a thready and hesitant pulse, and stabbing or pricking pain fixed in location accompanied by tenderness, mass formation and ecchymosis or petechiae. The severity of BSS is significantly correlated with the complexity of coronary lesions and the degree of stenosis, and is an important factor affecting the occurrence of restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention. The mechanisms of BSS of CHD patients should be investigated from a modern medicine perspective. Although many studies have attempted to explore the biomedical mechanisms of BSS of CHD, from hemorheological disorders to inflammation and immune responses, the global picture of BSS of CHD is still unclear. In this article, the current status of studies investigating the biomedical mechanisms of BSS of CHD and future perspectives are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
authors.forename: Gui
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China. wangjie0103@sina.cn.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008516:Medicine, Chinese Traditional / Q000379:methods*
keywords: blood stasis syndrome; coronary heart disease; modern medicine
references.citation: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009 Oct;29(10):1684-90
references.pmid: 19759376
references.citation: Chin J Integr Med. 2010 Oct;16(5):399-405
references.pmid: 20535581
references.citation: Pharmacol Ther. 2011 May;130(2):213-25
references.pmid: 21295071
references.citation: Chin J Integr Med. 2012 Mar;18(3):235-40
references.pmid: 22466951
references.citation: Eur Heart J. 2012 Apr;33(7):838-45, 845a
references.pmid: 22416074
references.citation: Chin J Integr Med. 2011 Jan;17(1):21-5
references.pmid: 21258892
references.citation: Chin J Integr Med. 2011 Nov;17(11):818-23
references.pmid: 22057410
references.citation: Eur Heart J. 1996 Dec;17(12):1814-20
references.pmid: 8960422
references.citation: Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi. 1995 Oct;15(10):599-600
references.pmid: 8704425
references.citation: Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi. 2010 May;30(5):467-73
references.pmid: 20681274
references.citation: IET Syst Biol. 2007 Jan;1(1):51-60
references.pmid: 17370429
references.citation: Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi. 1996 Aug;16(8):474-6
references.pmid: 9387748
references.citation: Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi. 2007 Jan;27(1):8-13
references.pmid: 17302055
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 2012 Jan 5;366(1):54-63
references.pmid: 22216842
references.citation: Circulation. 2002 Nov 12;106(20):2526-9
references.pmid: 12427645
references.citation: Thromb Res. 2003;112(1-2):9-12
references.pmid: 15013266
references.citation: Circulation. 2003 Jan 28;107(3):391-7
references.pmid: 12551861
references.citation: Circulation. 2007 Apr 24;115(16):2119-27
references.pmid: 17404162
references.citation: Chin J Integr Med. 2009 Oct;15(5):328-32
references.pmid: 19802534
references.citation: Chin J Integr Med. 2011 Sep;17(9):669-74
references.pmid: 21910067
references.citation: Coron Artery Dis. 1998;9(2-3):113-7
references.pmid: 9647412
references.citation: Clin Hemorheol Microcirc. 2002;26(3):145-54
references.pmid: 12082246
references.citation: Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2009 Apr;84(1):1-10
references.pmid: 19185380
references.citation: Circulation. 2000 Feb 8;101(5):477-84
references.pmid: 10662743
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 2011 Dec 15;365(24):2250-1
references.pmid: 22085320
references.citation: J Ethnopharmacol. 2012 Jun 1;141(2):578-83
references.pmid: 21924336
references.citation: Clin Sci (Lond). 2009 Feb;116(3):175-90
references.pmid: 19118490
references.citation: Chin J Integr Med. 2012 Jan;18(1):3-6
references.pmid: 22231704
references.citation: Cardiovasc Res. 2001 Jan;49(1):27-37
references.pmid: 11121793
references.citation: Chin J Integr Med. 2011 Aug;17(8):587-92
references.pmid: 21826592
references.citation: Chin J Integr Med. 2011 Feb;17(2):83-4
references.pmid: 21390571
references.citation: Chin J Integr Med. 2010 Feb;16(1):13-8
references.pmid: 20131030
references.citation: J Biomed Inform. 2010 Oct;43(5):812-9
references.pmid: 20580939