title: Prevalence of bullying victimisation amongst first-episode psychosis patients and unaffected controls.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite increasing evidence suggesting that childhood maltreatment is significantly associated with psychosis, the specific role of bullying in the onset of psychotic disorders is still unclear. This study aimed to examine whether bullying was more prevalent amongst individuals presenting to services for the first time with a psychotic disorder than in unaffected community controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data on exposure to bullying, psychotic symptoms, cannabis use and history of conduct disorder were collected cross-sectionally from 222 first-presentation psychosis cases and 215 geographically-matched controls. Bullying victimisation was assessed retrospectively as part of the Brief Life Events schedule. Logistic regression was used to examine associations between exposure to bullying and case-control status, while controlling for potential confounders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Psychosis cases were approximately twice as likely to report bullying victimisation when compared to controls. No significant interactions between bullying and either gender or cannabis use were found. Controls reporting being a victim of bullying were approximately twice as likely to also report at least one psychosis-like symptom.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results extend previous research by suggesting that bullying victimisation may contribute to vulnerability to develop a psychotic disorder in some individuals.
authors.affiliation: Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK; Dipartimento di Scienze Umani e Sociali, Università degli studi di Messina, Italy. Electronic address: antonella.a.trotta@kcl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Trotta
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Di Forti
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mondelli
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dazzan
authors.forename: Carmine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pariante
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: David
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mulè
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ferraro
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Formica
authors.forename: Robin M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: Helen L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Fisher
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D058445:Bullying / Q000523:psychology*; D019548:Crime Victims / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D002189:Marijuana Abuse / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Bullying; First episode; Psychosis; Schizophrenia; Victimisation
references.citation: Neuropsychopharmacology. 2010 Jul;35(8):1684-92
references.pmid: 20393453
references.citation: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1987 May;26(3):413-5
references.pmid: 3597298
references.citation: J Neurosci. 2010 Dec 8;30(49):16453-8
references.pmid: 21147984
references.citation: Psychol Med. 2009 Feb;39(2):179-95
references.pmid: 18606047
references.citation: Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2012;8:131-9
references.pmid: 22536069
references.citation: Psychol Med. 2010 May;40(5):717-29
references.pmid: 19785920
references.citation: Schizophr Bull. 2011 May;37(3):546-53
references.pmid: 19776204
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 2013 Jul;170(7):734-41
references.pmid: 23599019
references.citation: J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2000 May;41(4):441-55
references.pmid: 10836674
references.citation: Schizophr Bull. 2012 Jun;38(4):661-71
references.pmid: 22461484
references.citation: Schizophr Res. 2011 Mar;126(1-3):81-6
references.pmid: 21186097
references.citation: Pediatrics. 2007 Aug;120(2):397-404
references.pmid: 17671067
references.citation: Child Dev. 1996 Oct;67(5):2417-33
references.pmid: 9022248
references.citation: Psychol Med. 2011 Jan;41(1):47-58
references.pmid: 20346196
references.citation: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1991 Aug;48(8):764-70
references.pmid: 1883262
references.citation: Psychol Med. 2012 Dec;42(12):2463-74
references.pmid: 22400714
references.citation: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2009 May;66(5):527-36
references.pmid: 19414712
references.citation: Child Abuse Negl. 2013 Oct;37(10):801-13
references.pmid: 23522961
references.citation: Br J Psychiatry. 2011 Jul;199(1):11-4
references.pmid: 21719876
references.citation: Child Abuse Negl. 2007 Feb;31(2):161-71
references.pmid: 17313977
references.citation: Schizophr Res. 2010 Aug;121(1-3):187-92
references.pmid: 20541371
references.citation: Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl. 1994;382:58-64
references.pmid: 8091999
references.citation: Eur Psychiatry. 2010 Nov;25(7):382-9
references.pmid: 20435448
references.citation: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1984 Dec;41(12):1178-82
references.pmid: 6334503
references.citation: Nat Neurosci. 2013 Jan;16(1):33-41
references.pmid: 23201972
references.citation: Schizophr Bull. 2007 Jan;33(1):3-10
references.pmid: 17105965
references.citation: Br J Psychiatry. 1993 Jan;162:80-6
references.pmid: 8425144
references.citation: Schizophr Bull. 2013 Jul;39(4):740-7
references.pmid: 23671196
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 2011 Jan;168(1):65-72
references.pmid: 20952460
references.citation: J Anxiety Disord. 2002;16(3):259-72
references.pmid: 12214812
references.citation: Psychiatry Investig. 2012 Jun;9(2):87-99
references.pmid: 22707958
references.citation: Behav Res Ther. 2007 Jul;45(7):1579-91
references.pmid: 17229400
references.citation: Schizophr Bull. 2012 Sep;38(5):1063-73
references.pmid: 21474550
references.citation: Psychol Med. 2012 Feb;42(2):283-94
references.pmid: 21835094
references.citation: Psychol Med. 2010 Dec;40(12):1967-78
references.pmid: 20178679
references.citation: Cad Saude Publica. 2008 Sep;24(9):2013-20
references.pmid: 18813677
references.citation: Psychol Med. 2013 May;43(5):1033-44
references.pmid: 23171473
references.citation: Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2011;13(3):360-5
references.pmid: 22033827
references.citation: Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2005 Nov;112(5):330-50
references.pmid: 16223421
references.citation: Br J Psychiatry. 2009 Apr;194(4):319-25
references.pmid: 19336782
references.citation: Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2006 Jun;41(6):423-8
references.pmid: 16572272
references.citation: BMJ. 2005 Jan 1;330(7481):11
references.pmid: 15574485
references.citation: Br J Psychiatry. 2004 Sep;185:220-6
references.pmid: 15339826
references.citation: Neuropsychopharmacology. 2011 Sep;36(10):1982-91
references.pmid: 21654733
references.citation: Schizophr Bull. 2013 Sep;39(5):1045-55
references.pmid: 22941743
references.citation: Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2009 Mar;119(3):226-35
references.pmid: 19053965
references.citation: Clin Psychol Rev. 2001 Nov;21(8):1125-41
references.pmid: 11702510
references.citation: Psychol Med. 2011 Nov;41(11):2339-48
references.pmid: 21557896
references.citation: Br J Psychiatry. 2004 Oct;185:298-305
references.pmid: 15458989
references.citation: Schizophr Bull. 2012 Sep;38(5):992-1002
references.pmid: 21525167
references.citation: Br J Psychiatry. 2008 Nov;193(5):378-82
references.pmid: 18978317
references.citation: Br J Psychiatry. 2009 Dec;195(6):488-91
references.pmid: 19949195
references.citation: Schizophr Bull. 2010 Jul;36(4):655-64
references.pmid: 20513653
references.citation: J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2004 Feb;45(2):260-73
references.pmid: 14982240
references.citation: Schizophr Res. 2008 Feb;99(1-3):125-33
references.pmid: 18248792
references.citation: Psychol Med. 2013 Feb;43(2):225-38
references.pmid: 22716913