title: S-adenosylmethionine-induced adipogenesis is accompanied by suppression of Wnt/β-catenin and Hedgehog signaling pathways.
abstract: S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM) plays a crucial role as a methyl donor in various biological processes and has been previously shown to be involved in adipogenesis in skeletal muscle. This study was conducted to explore the mechanism of SAM inducing adipogenesis in skeletal muscle. Adipose precursor cells, 3T3-L1, and C2C12 cells, were induced into adipogenic differentiation by addition of SAM in MDI-differentiation media (0.5 mmol/L isobutylmethylxanthine, 1 μm/L dexamethasone, and 10 μg/mL insulin) to explore the role of SAM in promoting adipogenesis. Subsequently, cells were cultured with a medium containing SAM alone at the beginning of differentiation to test the relationship between SAM-induced adipogenesis and Wnt/β-catenin, and Hedgehog signaling pathways that control the cell commitment to adipogenic- or myogenic-differentiation. We found SAM possessed an additive effect with MDI in promoting adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 and C2C12 cells at the beginning of adipogenic differentiation. SAM could also individually induce cell adipogenesis in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the expression of Wnt/β-catenin and Hedgehog signals and their targets were suppressed by SAM (P < 0.05). These results demonstrate that SAM, as an increasingly accepted nutritional supplement, can initiate adipogenesis of adipose precursor cells derived from adipose and muscle tissues, a function at least partly correlated with the suppression of Wnt/β-catenin and Hedgehog pathways.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China, fliuyang@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Wentao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.forename: Boyang
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Tingting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ju
authors.forename: Feiyun
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Meihua
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Zuohua
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Wenjuan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Jinxiu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Defa
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jingdong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yin
mesh_terms: D041721:3T3-L1 Cells; D050156:Adipogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D012436:S-Adenosylmethionine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D060449:Wnt Signaling Pathway / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D053823:Hedgehog Proteins; D012436:S-Adenosylmethionine
references.citation: Clin Chem. 2000 Oct;46(10):1650-6
references.pmid: 11017945
references.citation: Nature. 1996 Nov 14;384(6605):129-34
references.pmid: 8906787
references.citation: FEBS Lett. 2001 Oct 5;506(2):157-62
references.pmid: 11591391
references.citation: Mol Biol Rep. 2010 Oct;37(7):3143-9
references.pmid: 19826910
references.citation: Gastroenterology. 2003 Apr;124(4):940-8
references.pmid: 12671891
references.citation: FEBS Lett. 2008 Jan 9;582(1):117-31
references.pmid: 18037376
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2006 Nov 24;281(47):35598-602
references.pmid: 17035233
references.citation: Hepatology. 2008 Feb;47(2):521-31
references.pmid: 18041713
references.citation: Nat Commun. 2012 May 22;3:850
references.pmid: 22617290
references.citation: Gastroenterology. 2007 Jul;133(1):207-18
references.pmid: 17631143
references.citation: Cell. 2000 Oct 27;103(3):371-4
references.pmid: 11081624
references.citation: Trends Genet. 1999 Oct;15(10):418-25
references.pmid: 10498938
references.citation: Diabetes Obes Metab. 2004 Jul;6(4):239-48
references.pmid: 15171747
references.citation: Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1998 Mar;13(3):656-61
references.pmid: 9550643
references.citation: FEBS Lett. 2001 Nov 23;508(3):337-40
references.pmid: 11728447
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Apr 14;95(8):4333-7
references.pmid: 9539737
references.citation: Nature. 2001 May 17;411(6835):349-54
references.pmid: 11357142
references.citation: Science. 2000 Aug 11;289(5481):950-3
references.pmid: 10937998
references.citation: Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol. 2005 Jul-Aug;40(4):229-42
references.pmid: 16126487
references.citation: J Genomics. 2013 Nov 08;1:29-38
references.pmid: 25031653
references.citation: Nat Rev Cancer. 2003 Dec;3(12):903-11
references.pmid: 14737121
references.citation: Development. 1997 Jul;124(13):2537-52
references.pmid: 9216996
references.citation: Mol Biol Cell. 2005 Apr;16(4):2039-48
references.pmid: 15673614
references.citation: Stem Cells. 2004;22(5):849-60
references.pmid: 15342948
references.citation: J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008 Mar;23 Suppl 1:S73-7
references.pmid: 18336669
references.citation: Curr Opin Genet Dev. 1994 Aug;4(4):523-8
references.pmid: 7950319
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2006 Apr 7;281(14):9507-16
references.pmid: 16464856
references.citation: Meat Sci. 2008 Apr;78(4):343-58
references.pmid: 22062452
references.citation: Mol Biol Rep. 2010 Jun;37(5):2517-24
references.pmid: 19701798
references.citation: Science. 1947 Dec 12;106(2763):589-90
references.pmid: 17821393
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 1980 Oct 10;255(19):9082-92
references.pmid: 6251075
references.citation: Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2010 Sep 3;399(4):721-6
references.pmid: 20692234
references.citation: Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 Jul;86(1):14-24
references.pmid: 17616758
references.citation: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2010 Jun;298(6):C1510-6
references.pmid: 20357182
references.citation: J Anim Sci. 2011 Feb;89(2):583-90
references.pmid: 20852073
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 1992 Jul 5;267(19):13580-4
references.pmid: 1618860
references.citation: Clin Chem. 2000 Feb;46(2):265-72
references.pmid: 10657384
references.citation: Genes Dev. 2000 Aug 1;14(15):1837-51
references.pmid: 10921899
references.citation: Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2005 Apr;6(4):306-17
references.pmid: 15803137
references.citation: Trends Biochem Sci. 2004 May;29(5):243-9
references.pmid: 15130560
references.citation: J Biochem. 1987 Feb;101(2):331-8
references.pmid: 3495531
references.citation: Nat Genet. 2008 Sep;40(9):1130-5
references.pmid: 19165927
references.citation: Annu Rev Nutr. 2000;20:535-59
references.pmid: 10940345
references.citation: J Genomics. 2014 Jan 20;2:31-44
references.pmid: 25057322
references.citation: PLoS One. 2011;6(10):e25847
references.pmid: 22022457
references.citation: J Appl Physiol (1985). 1996 Sep;81(3):1150-5
references.pmid: 8889747
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2002 Aug 23;277(34):30998-1004
references.pmid: 12055200
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Oct 10;92(21):9856-60
references.pmid: 7568232
references.citation: Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2001 Jan 26;280(3):664-74
references.pmid: 11162573