title: Impact of genetic variants of IL-6, IL6R, LRP5, ESR1 and SP7 genes on bone mineral density in postmenopausal Mexican-Mestizo women with obesity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Since obesity and osteoporosis present a high genetic predisposition and polymorphisms of IL-6, IL6R, LRP5, ESR1 and SP7 may influence the risk of both diseases, the aim of this study was to analyze the possible association of polymorphisms in these genes, as well as their haplotypes, with BMD variations in postmenopausal Mexican-Mestizo women with grade 2 or grade 3 obesity.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred eighty unrelated postmenopausal women with grade 2 or grade 3 obesity were included. BMD was measured in total hip and lumbar spine by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. DNA was obtained from blood leukocytes. Rs1800795 of IL-6, rs2228145 of IL6R, rs3736228 of LRP5, rs9340799 (XbaI) and rs2234693 (PvuII), of ESR1, rs10876432 and rs2016266, of SP7 (and their haplotypes), were studied by real-time PCR allelic discrimination. Deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were tested. Pairwise linkage disequilibrium between single nucleotide polymorphisms was calculated by direct correlation r(2), and haplotype analysis was conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using WHO criteria, 54.5% had grade 2 obesity, and 45.5% had grade 3 obesity. Regarding DXA results, 11.1% women had osteoporosis, 41.7% had osteopenia, and 47.2% had normal BMD. Genotype and haplotype analysis showed no significant differences with BMD variations at the lumbar spine, total hip or femoral neck.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We did not find a significant association between the polymorphisms analyzed or their haplotypes and BMD variations in postmenopausal women with obesity. The higher BMD observed in women with obesity could be the result of an adaptive response to the higher loading of the skeleton.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Investigación en Obesidad, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., Mexico.
authors.forename: Juan Pablo
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Méndez
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rojano-Mejía
authors.forename: Ramón Mauricio
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Coral-Vázquez
authors.forename: Agustín
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Coronel
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pedraza
authors.forename: María José
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Casas
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Soriano
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: García-García
authors.forename: Felipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vilchis
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Canto
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015519:Bone Density / Q000235:genetics*; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005272:Femur Neck / Q000473:pathology; D005787:Gene Frequency; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D006239:Haplotypes; D006615:Hip / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium; D060492:Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-5 / Q000235:genetics; D008800:Mexico; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000235:genetics*; D010024:Osteoporosis; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D017698:Postmenopause; D019947:Receptors, Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D000076182:Sp7 Transcription Factor; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C506487:ESR1 protein, human; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6; C555482:LRP5 protein, human; D060492:Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-5; D019947:Receptors, Interleukin-6; D000076182:Sp7 Transcription Factor; C478163:SP7 protein, human; D014157:Transcription Factors
keywords: BMD; BMI; Bone mineral density; DXA; ESR1; FN; GWAS; HWE; Haplotypes; Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium; IL-6 receptor; IL6R; LD; LRP5; LS; Obesity; Polymorphisms; Postmenopausal women; SD; TH; body mass index; bone mineral density; density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5; dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; estrogen receptor alpha; femoral neck; genome wide association study; linkage disequilibrium; lumbar spine; standard deviation; total hip