title: Effect of baclofen on morphine-induced conditioned place preference, extinction, and stress-induced reinstatement in chronically stressed mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A stress-induced increase in excitability can result from a reduction in inhibitory neurotransmission. Modulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic transmission is an effective treatment for drug seeking and relapse. This study investigated whether baclofen, a GABA(B) receptor agonist, had an impact on morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP), extinction, and stress-induced relapse in chronically stressed mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Chronic stress was induced by restraining mice for 2 h for seven consecutive days. We first investigated whether chronic stress influenced morphine-induced CPP, extinction, and stress-induced relapse in the stressed mice. Next, we investigated whether three different doses of baclofen influenced chronic stress as measured by the expression of morphine-induced CPP. We chose the most effective dose for subsequent extinction and reinstatement experiments. Reinstatement of morphine-induced CPP was induced by a 6-min forced swim stress. Locomotor activity was also measured for each test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Chronic stress facilitated the expression of morphine-induced CPP and prolonged extinction time. Forced swim stress primed the reinstatement of morphine-induced CPP in mice. Baclofen treatment affected the impact of chronic stress on different phases of morphine-induced CPP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results showed that baclofen antagonized the effects of chronic stress on morphine-induced CPP. These findings suggest the potential clinical utility of GABA(B) receptor-positive modulators as an anti-addiction agent in people suffering from chronic stress.
authors.affiliation: Daqiao Branch Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150076, China.
authors.forename: Shanshan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: Wuxing
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Quan
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.forename: Zhiqiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Shanshan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001418:Baclofen / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003216:Conditioning, Operant / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D058999:Drug-Seeking Behavior; D005108:Extinction, Psychological / Q000187:drug effects*; D018755:GABA Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009020:Morphine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D009294:Narcotics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018080:Receptors, GABA-B / Q000187:drug effects; D012055:Reinforcement Schedule; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology*
chemical_list: D018755:GABA Agonists; D009294:Narcotics; D018080:Receptors, GABA-B; D009020:Morphine; D001418:Baclofen
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