title: Demineralized bone matrix and platelet-rich plasma do not improve healing of osteochondral defects of the talus: an experimental goat study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of demineralized bone matrix (DBM) with and without platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in the treatment of osteochondral defects (OCDs) of the talus. We hypothesized that treatment with DBM would result in more bone formation than no treatment in control OCDs, and that PRP would further enhance the regenerative capacity of DBM.
  
  
  METHODS
  A standardized 6-mm OCD was created in each talus of 16 adult goats. According to a randomization scheme, one OCD of each goat was treated with allogeneic DBM hydrated with normal saline (n = 8) or hydrated with autologous PRP (n = 8). The contralateral OCD (n = 16) served as control. After 24 weeks, the animals were euthanized and the tali excised. Various outcome parameters were analyzed with use of macroscopic evaluation, micro-computed tomography (μCT), histology, histomorphometry, and fluorescence microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  None of the analyses revealed statistically significant differences between the groups for any of the parameters analyzed in any volume of interest. For example, the mean bone volume fraction (BV/TV) of the defect, as measured by μCT, was 0.56 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.44-0.68) for DBM hydrated with normal saline and 0.52 (95% CI, 0.40-0.65) for DBM hydrated with PRP, compared to 0.53 (95% CI, 0.45-0.61) and 0.54 (95% CI, 0.44-0.64) for the internal controls, respectively (P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In contrast to our hypotheses, no beneficial treatment effect of DBM with or without PRP was found for OCDs of the caprine talus.
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic Research Center Amsterdam, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: c.j.vanbergen@amc.nl.
authors.forename: C J A
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: van Bergen
authors.forename: G M M J
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Kerkhoffs
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Özdemir
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Korstjens
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Everts
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: van Ruijven
authors.forename: C N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: van Dijk
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Blankevoort
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016512:Ankle Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D018775:Bone Demineralization Technique / Q000379:methods; D001857:Bone Matrix / Q000637:transplantation*; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000502:physiology; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000293:injuries / Q000502:physiology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006041:Goats; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D053657:Platelet-Rich Plasma; D013628:Talus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries* / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes
keywords: Animal model; Bone repair; Cartilage; Demineralization; Growth factors; Platelet