title: A metafluid exhibiting strong optical magnetism.
abstract: Advances in the field of metamaterials have enabled unprecedented control of light-matter interactions. Metamaterial constituents support high-frequency electric and magnetic dipoles, which can be used as building blocks for new materials capable of negative refraction, electromagnetic cloaking, strong visible-frequency circular dichroism, and enhancing magnetic or chiral transitions in ions and molecules. While all metamaterials to date have existed in the solid-state, considerable interest has emerged in designing a colloidal metamaterial or "metafluid". Such metafluids would combine the advantages of solution-based processing with facile integration into conventional optical components. Here we demonstrate the colloidal synthesis of an isotropic metafluid that exhibits a strong magnetic response at visible frequencies. Protein-antibody interactions are used to direct the solution-phase self-assembly of discrete metamolecules comprised of silver nanoparticles tightly packed around a single dielectric core. The electric and magnetic response of individual metamolecules and the bulk metamaterial solution are directly probed with optical scattering and spectroscopy. Effective medium calculations indicate that the bulk metamaterial exhibits a negative effective permeability and a negative refractive index at modest fill factors. This metafluid can be synthesized in large-quantity and high-quality and may accelerate development of advanced nanophotonic and metamaterial devices.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Department of Electrical Engineering, and §Stanford Nanocharacterization Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.
authors.forename: Sassan N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Sheikholeslami
authors.forename: Hadiseh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Alaeian
authors.forename: Ai Leen
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.forename: Jennifer A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Dionne
mesh_terms: D002942:Circular Dichroism; D004560:Electricity; D008027:Light; D008280:Magnetics; D044085:Microfluidics / Q000379:methods*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D055095:Optics and Photonics