title: Individual differences in frequency and saliency of speech-accompanying gestures: the role of cognitive abilities and empathy.
abstract: The present study concerns individual differences in gesture production. We used correlational and multiple regression analyses to examine the relationship between individuals' cognitive abilities and empathy levels and their gesture frequency and saliency. We chose predictor variables according to experimental evidence of the functions of gesture in speech production and communication. We examined 3 types of gestures: representational gestures, conduit gestures, and palm-revealing gestures. Higher frequency of representational gestures was related to poorer visual and spatial working memory, spatial transformation ability, and conceptualization ability; higher frequency of conduit gestures was related to poorer visual working memory, conceptualization ability, and higher levels of empathy; and higher frequency of palm-revealing gestures was related to higher levels of empathy. The saliency of all gestures was positively related to level of empathy. These results demonstrate that cognitive abilities and empathy levels are related to individual differences in gesture frequency and saliency.
authors.affiliation: Neurobiology of Language Department.
authors.forename: Mingyuan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.affiliation: Psychology of Language Department.
authors.forename: Antje
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London.
authors.forename: Lucy
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Foulkes
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, University of Birmingham.
authors.forename: Sotaro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kita
mesh_terms: D001076:Aptitude; D003071:Cognition; D003210:Concept Formation; D004645:Empathy; D005260:Female; D005868:Gestures; D006801:Humans; D007206:Individuality; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term; D013060:Speech; D055815:Young Adult
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