title: Immunohistochemical investigation of the angiogenic proteins VEGF, HIF-1α and CD34 in invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast.
abstract: The expression of prognostic markers in cancer has become important in diagnostic routine and research. A high mitotic rate compromises the individual cell access to oxygen and nutrients, due to reduced blood supply. Cells undertake adaptive measures such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), expressed under the control of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). CD34 is an endothelial marker which can show the presence and distribution of blood vessels. This study evaluated the presence and relative expression of VEGF, HIF-1α and CD34 using immunohistochemistry of 60 breast tumors and double staining, correlating the findings with clinical and pathological variables. High VEGF expression was correlated with low cell proliferation, lymph node-negative, smaller tumor size and patients not receiving hormone therapy. High HIF-1α expression predominated in younger (<50-year) patients, subjected to neo-adjuvant therapy and in p53-negative tumors. Absence of metastasis, radiotherapy or hormone treatment, and estrogen receptor (ER)-positive tumors showed high CD34 immunoreactivity. We suggest that the angiogenic factors VEGF, HIF-1α and CD34 are important in breast cancer progression and their abundance in breast tumors has prognostic and predictive value.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Genetics, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP/IBILCE, Cristovão Colombo, 2265, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Investigation (LIMC), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto/FAMERP, Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, 15090-000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Larissa Bazela
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Maschio
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto/FAMERP, Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, 15090-000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bruna Bento
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Madallozo
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto/FAMERP, Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, 15090-000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bruno Augusto Mendonça
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Capellasso
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Investigation (LIMC), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto/FAMERP, Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, 15090-000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil; Graduate Program in Genetics, UNESP/IBILCE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bruna Victorasso
authors.initials: BV
authors.lastname: Jardim
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Investigation (LIMC), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto/FAMERP, Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, 15090-000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil; Graduate Program in Health Sciences, FAMERP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marina Gobbe
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Moschetta
authors.affiliation: Graduate in Oncology, AC Camargo Cancer Center, Center for International Education and Reseach (CIPE), Tagua, 440, 01509-010 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliano
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jampietro
authors.affiliation: Pathology Department, AC Camago Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Professor Antônio Prudente, 211, 01509-010 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernando Augusto
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Investigation (LIMC), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto/FAMERP, Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, 15090-000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil; Department of Molecular Biology, FAMERP, Brazil. Electronic address: debora.zuccari@famerp.br.
authors.forename: Debora Aparecida Pires de Campos
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Zuccari
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018952:Antigens, CD34 / Q000378:metabolism*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000378:metabolism*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008875:Middle Aged; D012372:ROC Curve; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018952:Antigens, CD34; C497442:HIF1A protein, human; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
keywords: Breast cancer; CD34; HIF-1α; Human; Immunohistochemistry; Prognostic; VEGF