title: Sedative and antinociceptive effects of dexmedetomidine and buprenorphine after oral transmucosal or intramuscular administration in cats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare sedation and antinociception after oral transmucosal (OTM) and intramuscular (IM) administration of a dexmedetomidine-buprenorphine combination in healthy adult cats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, 'blinded' crossover study, with 1 month washout between treatments.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six healthy neutered female cats, weighing 5.3-7.5 kg.
  
  
  METHODS
  A combination of dexmedetomidine (40 μg kg(-1) ) and buprenorphine (20 μg kg(-1) ) was administered by either the OTM (buccal cavity) or IM (quadriceps muscle) route. Sedation was measured using a numerical rating scale, at baseline and at various time points until 6 hours after treatment. At the same time points, analgesia was scored using a dynamic and interactive visual analogue scale, based on the response to an ear pinch, and by the cat's response to a mechanical stimulus exerted by a pressure rate onset device. Physiological and adverse effects were recorded, and oral pH measured. Signed rank tests were performed, with significance set at p < 0.05. Data are presented as median and range.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no differences in sedation or antinociception scores between OTM and IM dosing at any of the time points. Nociceptive thresholds increased after both treatments but without significant difference between groups. Buccal pH remained between 8 and 8.5. Salivation was noted after OTM administration (n = 2) and vomiting after both OTM (n = 4), and IM (n = 3) dosing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In healthy adult cats, OTM administration of dexmedetomidine and buprenorphine resulted in comparable levels of sedation and antinociception to IM dosing. The OTM administration may offer an alternative route to administer this sedative-analgesic combination in cats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Medicine and Clinical Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Porters
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bosmans
authors.forename: Mariëlla
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Debille
authors.forename: Hilde
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: de Rooster
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Duchateau
authors.forename: Ingeborgh
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Polis
mesh_terms: D058956:Administration, Mucosal; D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002047:Buprenorphine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002415:Cats; D020927:Dexmedetomidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D002047:Buprenorphine; D020927:Dexmedetomidine
keywords: antinociception; buprenorphine; cat; dexmedetomidine; oral transmucosal; sedation