title: TIMP-1 increases expression and phosphorylation of proteins associated with drug resistance in breast cancer cells.
abstract: Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) is a protein with a potential biological role in drug resistance. To elucidate the unknown molecular mechanisms underlying the association between high TIMP-1 levels and increased chemotherapy resistance, we employed SILAC-based quantitative mass spectrometry to analyze global proteome and phosphoproteome differences of MCF-7 breast cancer cells expressing high or low levels of TIMP-1. In TIMP-1 high expressing cells, 312 proteins and 452 phosphorylation sites were up-regulated. Among these were the cancer drug targets topoisomerase 1, 2A, and 2B, which may explain the resistance phenotype to topoisomerase inhibitors that was observed in cells with high TIMP-1 levels. Pathway analysis showed an enrichment of proteins from functional categories such as apoptosis, cell cycle, DNA repair, transcription factors, drug targets and proteins associated with drug resistance or sensitivity, and drug transportation. The NetworKIN algorithm predicted the protein kinases CK2a, CDK1, PLK1, and ATM as likely candidates involved in the hyperphosphorylation of the topoisomerases. Up-regulation of protein and/or phosphorylation levels of topoisomerases in TIMP-1 high expressing cells may be part of the mechanisms by which TIMP-1 confers resistance to treatment with the widely used topoisomerase inhibitors in breast and colorectal cancer.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences and Sino-Danish Breast Cancer Research Centre, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 88, 1., 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
authors.forename: Omid
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hekmat
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Munk
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fogh
authors.forename: Rachita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yadav
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Francavilla
authors.forename: Heiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Horn
authors.forename: Sidse Ørnbjerg
authors.initials: SØ
authors.lastname: Würtz
authors.forename: Anne-Sofie
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Schrohl
authors.forename: Britt
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Damsgaard
authors.forename: Maria Unni
authors.initials: MU
authors.lastname: Rømer
authors.forename: Kirstine C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Belling
authors.forename: Niels Frank
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: Irina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gromova
authors.forename: Dorte B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Bekker-Jensen
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Moreira
authors.forename: Lars J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: Ramneek
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Ulrik
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Lademann
authors.forename: Nils
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Brünner
authors.forename: Jesper V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Olsen
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stenvang
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000494:pharmacology; D016384:Consensus Sequence; D004264:DNA Topoisomerases, Type I / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D004250:DNA Topoisomerases, Type II / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010766:Phosphorylation; D060066:Protein Interaction Maps; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D020543:Proteome / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000502:physiology*; D059003:Topoisomerase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D020543:Proteome; C560822:TIMP1 protein, human; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D059003:Topoisomerase Inhibitors; D004264:DNA Topoisomerases, Type I; C528909:TOP1 protein, human; D004250:DNA Topoisomerases, Type II; D002945:Cisplatin