title: Metagenome survey of a multispecies and alga-associated biofilm revealed key elements of bacterial-algal interactions in photobioreactors.
abstract: Photobioreactors (PBRs) are very attractive for sunlight-driven production of biofuels and capturing of anthropogenic CO2. One major problem associated with PBRs however, is that the bacteria usually associated with microalgae in nonaxenic cultures can lead to biofouling and thereby affect algal productivity. Here, we report on a phylogenetic, metagenome, and functional analysis of a mixed-species bacterial biofilm associated with the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus obliquus in a PBR. The biofilm diversity and population dynamics were examined through 16S rRNA phylogeny. Overall, the diversity was rather limited, with approximately 30 bacterial species associated with the algae. The majority of the observed microorganisms were affiliated with Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. A combined approach of sequencing via GS FLX Titanium from Roche and HiSeq 2000 from Illumina resulted in the overall production of 350 Mbp of sequenced DNA, 165 Mbp of which was assembled in larger contigs with a maximum size of 0.2 Mbp. A KEGG pathway analysis suggested high metabolic diversity with respect to the use of polymers and aromatic and nonaromatic compounds. Genes associated with the biosynthesis of essential B vitamins were highly redundant and functional. Moreover, a relatively high number of predicted and functional lipase and esterase genes indicated that the alga-associated bacteria are possibly a major sink for lipids and fatty acids produced by the microalgae. This is the first metagenome study of microalga- and PBR-associated biofilm bacteria, and it gives new clues for improved biofuel production in PBRs.
authors.affiliation: University of Hamburg, Biocenter Klein Flottbek, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Ines
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Krohn-Molt
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wemheuer
authors.forename: Malik
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alawi
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Poehlein
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Güllert
authors.forename: Christel
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schmeisser
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pommerening-Röser
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grundhoff
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Daniel
authors.forename: Dieter
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hanelt
authors.forename: Wolfgang R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Streit
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018407:Bacterial Physiological Phenomena; D044822:Biodiversity; D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development*; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D058086:Microalgae / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D056265:Microbial Interactions; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D058433:Photobioreactors / Q000382:microbiology*; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
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