title: Non-antireflective scheme for efficiency enhancement of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 nanotip array solar cells.
abstract: We present systematic works in characterization of CIGS nanotip arrays (CIGS NTRs). CIGS NTRs are obtained by a one-step ion-milling process by a direct-sputtering process of CIGS thin films (CIGS TF) without a postselenization process. At the surface of CIGS NTRs, a region extending to 100 nm in depth with a lower copper concentration compared to that of CIGS TF has been discovered. After KCN washing, removal of secondary phases can be achieved and a layer with abundant copper vacancy (V(Cu)) was left. Such compositional changes can be a benefit for a CIGS solar cell by promoting formation of Cd-occupied Cu sites (Cd(Cu)) at the CdS/CIGS interface and creates a type-inversion layer to enhance interface passivation and carrier extraction. The raised V(Cu) concentration and enhanced Cd diffusion in CIGS NTRs have been verified by energy dispersive spectrometry. Strengthened adhesion of Al:ZnO (AZO) thin film on CIGS NTRs capped with CdS has also been observed in SEM images and can explain the suppressed series resistance of the device with CIGS NTRs. Those improvements in electrical characteristics are the main factors for efficiency enhancement rather than antireflection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Photonics and Institute of Electro-optical Engineering, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010 Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yu-Kuang
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Yi-Chung
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yu-Ting
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Yen
authors.forename: Chia-Hsiang
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Dan-Hua
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.forename: Shih-Chen
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chia-Yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Chih-Chung
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Wei-Chen
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: Jenh-Yi
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Juang
authors.forename: Kaung-Hsiung
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Shun-Jen
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Chih-Huang
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Fang-I
authors.initials: FI
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Shou-Yi
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: Hao-Chung
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: Yu-Lun
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Chueh