title: Protective effect of xanthoceraside against β-amyloid-induced neurotoxicity in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells.
abstract: β-Amyloid (Aβ)-induced neurotoxicity is a major pathological mechanism of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Xanthoceraside, a triterpene extracted from the husk of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge, has been shown to have therapeutic effects on learning and memory impairment induced by Aβ intracerebroventricular infusion in mice. In this study, we investigated the effect of xanthoceraside on the neurotoxicity of Aβ25-35 in SH-SY5Y cells. Cell viability was measured by MTT (3-(3,4-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide) assay. Cell apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and mitochondrion membrane potential (MMP) were measured using Annexin V/propidium iodide, 2,7-dichlorofluorescein diacetate, and rhodamine 123 with flow cytometry, respectively. Intracellular calcium level was determined with Fura-2/AM. Caspase-3 activity in cell lysates was measured using the spectrophotometric method. Results indicated that pretreatment with xanthoceraside (0.01 and 0.1 μM) obviously increased the viability of SH-SY5Y cells injured by Aβ25-35 in a dose-dependent manner. Aβ25-35-induced early apoptosis, ROS overproduction, MMP dissipation, intracellular calcium overload, and increase in caspase-3 activity were markedly reversed by xanthoceraside. These findings suggested that xanthoceraside might be useful in the prevention and treatment of AD.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmacology , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , 110016 , China.
authors.forename: Tian-Yan
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.forename: Li-Hua
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xue-Fei
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Li-Bo
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Zou
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000378:metabolism; D000682:Amyloid / Q000378:metabolism; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D020258:Neurotoxicity Syndromes / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D012503:Saponins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000682:Amyloid; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D012503:Saponins; D014315:Triterpenes; C074636:amyloid beta-protein (25-35); C548611:xanthoceraside; D053148:Caspase 3