title: Survey of pharmacy staffing levels and vacancy rates in small and rural hospitals in Illinois.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The results of a survey evaluating pharmacy staffing and vacancies in small and rural hospitals in Illinois are reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  Questionnaires were mailed in November 2011 to pharmacy directors at 86 small and rural hospitals in Illinois. The survey included several items regarding human resources and staffing, and it used work-force items and methods similar to surveys conducted in 1991 and 2001. Descriptive analyses were used to assess differences in staffing and vacancies across different hospital sizes (number of staffed beds), and inferential statistics were used to compare selected hospital characteristics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 40 responses were received, yielding a response rate of 46.5%. Most rural hospitals reported having no vacancies in their pharmacy work force (62.5%, n = 25). Vacancy rates in 2011 were very low for pharmacists (1.8%), pharmacy technicians (2.5%), and pharmacy staff overall (2.1%). For several specific occupational titles, vacancy rates were zero. Nonetheless, adverse consequences (sites could report more than one effect) of vacancies included longer hours worked by part-time staff (27.5%, n = 11), reduced time to provide clinical pharmacy services (20.0%, n = 8), job dissatisfaction of remaining staff (17.9%, n = 7), and reduced time to provide drug distribution services (10.0%, n = 4).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The shortage of pharmacists in small and rural hospitals in Illinois largely subsided from 2001 to 2011, with many hospitals reporting no vacancies at all. The total number of actual full-time equivalent pharmacy staff has sizably increased since 2001.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy Systems Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA. walton@uic.edu
authors.forename: Surrey M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Walton
authors.forename: Iulia D
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Ursan
authors.forename: Stephanie Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Crawford
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Donnelly
authors.forename: Glen T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Schumock
mesh_terms: D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006276:Health Facility Size; D006801:Humans; D007087:Illinois; D010607:Pharmacy Service, Hospital / Q000639:trends; D019035:Rural Health Services / Q000639:trends; D000078329:Workforce