title: Aerobic exercise training induces metabolic benefits in rats with metabolic syndrome independent of dietary changes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the effects of aerobic exercise training without dietary changes on cardiovascular and metabolic variables and on the expression of glucose transporter Type 4 in rats with metabolic syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty male spontaneously hypertensive rats received monosodium glutamate during the neonatal period. The animals were allocated to the following groups: MS (sedentary metabolic syndrome), MS-T (trained on a treadmill for 1 hour/day, 5 days/week for 10 weeks), H (sedentary spontaneously hypertensive rats) and H-T (trained spontaneously hypertensive rats). The Lee index, blood pressure (tail-cuff system), insulin sensitivity (insulin tolerance test) and functional capacity were evaluated before and after 10 weeks of training. Glucose transporter Type 4 expression was analyzed using Western blotting. The data were compared using analysis of variance (ANOVA) (p<0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline, the MS rats exhibited lower insulin sensitivity and increased Lee index compared with the H rats. Training decreased the body weight and Lee index of the MS rats (MS-T vs. MS), but not of the H rats (H-T vs. H). There were no differences in food intake between the groups. At the end of the experiments, the systolic blood pressure was lower in the two trained groups than in their sedentary controls. Whole-body insulin sensitivity increased in the trained groups. Glucose transporter Type 4 content increased in the heart, white adipose tissue and gastrocnemius muscle of the trained groups relative to their respective untrained groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, the present study shows that an isolated aerobic exercise training intervention is an efficient means of improving several components of metabolic syndrome, that is, training reduces obesity and hypertension and increases insulin sensitivity.
authors.affiliation: Medicina Experimental, Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia, Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre/RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paula Wesendonck
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Caponi
authors.forename: Alexandre Machado
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Lehnen
authors.forename: Graziela Hünning
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.forename: Júlia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Borges
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Markoski
authors.forename: Ubiratan F
authors.initials: UF
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.forename: Beatriz D'Agord
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Schaan
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015153:Blotting, Western; D004032:Diet; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4 / Q000097:blood; D006973:Hypertension / Q000628:therapy; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D009765:Obesity / Q000628:therapy; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D012016:Reference Values; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4
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