title: Antibacterial and physical properties of EGCG-containing glass ionomer cements.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of the addition of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on the antibacterial and physical properties of glass ionomer cement (GIC).
  
  
  METHODS
  A conventional GIC, Fuji IX, was used as a control. EGCG was incorporated into GIC at 0.1% (w/w) and used as the experimental group. Chlorhexidine (CHX) was added into GIC at 1% (w/w) as a positive control. The anti-biofilm effect of the materials was assessed by a colorimetric technique (MTT assay) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The leaching antibacterial activity of the materials on Streptococcus mutans was evaluated by an agar-diffusion test. The flexural strength of the materials was evaluated using a universal testing machine and the surface microhardness was measured using a microhardness tester. The fluoride-releasing property of the materials was tested by ion chromatography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The optical density (OD) values of the GIC-EGCG group were significantly decreased at 4h compared with the GIC group, but only a slightly decreased tendency was observed at 24h (P>0.05). No inhibition zones were detected in the GIC group during the study period. Significant differences were found between each group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, there was a significant increase in the flexural strength and surface microhardness for the GIC-EGCG group (P<0.05). The fluoride ion release was not influenced by EGCG-incorporation (P>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggested that GIC-containing 0.1% (w/w) EGCG is a promising restorative material with improved mechanical properties and a tendency towards preferable antibacterial properties.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Modification of the glass ionomer cements with EGCG to improve the antibacterial and physical properties showed some encouraging results. This suggested that the modification of GIC with EGCG might be an effective strategy to be used in the dental clinic. However, this was only an in vitro study and clinical trials would need to verify true outcomes.
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; West China Dental Clinic, 36-2 Xinglong Road, Jiangbei District, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jieqiong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Xijin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Cui
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Dongjie
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Xiaobai
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ouyang
authors.forename: Yake
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D002392:Catechin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D002845:Chromatography / Q000379:methods; D003124:Colorimetry / Q000379:methods; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation; D005459:Fluorides / Q000737:chemistry; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006244:Hardness; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D018583:Pliability; D013053:Spectrophotometry / Q000379:methods; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000187:drug effects; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D004396:Coloring Agents; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles; D002392:Catechin; C045651:epigallocatechin gallate; C022616:thiazolyl blue; D005459:Fluorides; D002710:Chlorhexidine
keywords: Antibacterial properties; Epigallocatechin-3-gallate; Fluoride release; Glass-ionomer cements; Physical properties