title: Cost and health consequences of treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis with ursodeoxycholic acid.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Long-term use of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is the recommended therapy in primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). The lifetime effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of UDCA in PBC have, however, not been assessed.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the health outcomes and lifetime costs of a Norwegian cohort of PBC patients on UDCA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Norwegian PBC patients (n = 182) (90% females; mean age 56.3 ± 8.9 years; Mayo risk score 4.38) who were included in a 5-year open-label study of UDCA therapy were subsequently followed up for up to 11.5 years. The lifetime survival was estimated using a Weibull survival model. The survival benefit from UDCA was based on a randomised clinical trial from Canada, comparing the effect of non-UDCA and UDCA. Survival and costs of standard care vs. standard care plus UDCA were simulated in a Markov model with death and liver transplantation as major events, invoking transition of a patient's state in the model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The gain in life expectancy for a PBC patient on UDCA compared with standard care was 2.24 years (1.19 years discounted). The lifetime treatment costs were EUR 151,403 and EUR 157,741 (EUR 102,912 and EUR 115,031 discounted) for patients with and without UDCA respectively. A probabilistic sensitivity analysis indicated an 82% probability that UDCA entails both greater life expectancy and lower costs than standard care.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study indicate that UDCA therapy is a dominant strategy as it confers reduced morbidity and mortality, as well as cost savings, compared with standard therapy.
authors.affiliation: Section for Gastroenterology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway. kboberg@ous-hf.no
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Boberg
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wisløff
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Kjøllesdal
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Støvring
authors.forename: I S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Kristiansen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002170:Canada; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006801:Humans; D008017:Life Expectancy; D008105:Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics / Q000401:mortality; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008390:Markov Chains; D008875:Middle Aged; D009664:Norway; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D014580:Ursodeoxycholic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D014580:Ursodeoxycholic Acid