title: Comparison of biological responses in rats under various cigarette smoke exposure conditions.
abstract: A variety of exposure regimens of cigarette smoke have been used in animal models of lung diseases. In this study, we compared biological responses of smoke exposure in rats, using different smoke concentrations (wet total particulate matter [WTPM]), daily exposure durations, and total days of exposure. As a range-finding acute study, we first compared pulmonary responses between SD and F344 strains after a single nose-only exposure to mainstream cigarette smoke or LPS. Secondly, F344 rats were exposed to cigarette smoke for 2 or 13 weeks under the comparable daily exposure dose (WTPM concentration x daily exposure duration; according to Haber's rule) but at a different WTPM concentration or daily exposure duration. Blood carboxylhemoglobin was increased linearly to the WTPM concentration, while urinary nicotine plus cotinine value was higher for the longer daily exposure than the corresponding shorter exposure groups. Gamma glutamyl transferase activity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was increased dose dependently after 2 and 13 weeks of cigarette smoke exposure, while the neutrophil content in BALF was not increased notably. Smoke-exposed groups showed reduced body weight gain and increased relative lung and heart weights. While BALF parameters and the relative lung weights suggest pulmonary responses, histopathological examination showed epithelial lesions mainly in the upper respiratory organs (nose and larynx). Collectively, the results indicate that, under the employed study design, the equivalent daily exposure dose (exposure concentration x duration) induces equivalent pulmonary responses in rats.
authors.affiliation: Product and Science Division, R&D Group, Japan Tobacco Inc., 6-2 Umegaka, Aoba-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 227-8512, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsuji
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
authors.forename: Daiki
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Matsuura
authors.forename: Tomoki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishino
authors.forename: K Monica
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
keywords: bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF); cigarette smoke; exposure marker; inhalation; pulmonary inflammation
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