title: Coenzyme Q10 ameliorates pain and cartilage degradation in a rat model of osteoarthritis by regulating nitric oxide and inflammatory cytokines.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of CoenzymeQ10 (CoQ10) on pain severity and cartilage degeneration in an experimental model of rat osteoarthritis (OA).
  
  
  METHODS
  OA was induced in rats by intra-articular injection of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) to the knee. Oral administration of CoQ10 was initiated on day 4 after MIA injection. Pain severity was assessed by measuring secondary tactile allodynia using the von Frey assessment test. The degree of cartilage degradation was determined by measuring cartilage thickness and the amount of proteoglycan. The mankin scoring system was also used. Expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-15, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nitrotyrosine and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) were analyzed using immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment with CoQ10 demonstrated an antinociceptive effect in the OA animal model. The reduction in secondary tactile allodynia was shown by an increased pain withdrawal latency and pain withdrawal threshold. CoQ10 also attenuated cartilage degeneration in the osteoarthritic joints. MMP-13, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-15, iNOS, nitrotyrosine and RAGE expressions were upregulated in OA joints and significantly reduced with CoQ10 treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CoQ10 exerts a therapeutic effect on OA via pain suppression and cartilage degeneration by inhibiting inflammatory mediators, which play a vital role in OA pathogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology Department of Internal Medicine The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Yeon Sik
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Jeong Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Eun Ji
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Joo Yeon
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Jhun
authors.forename: Mi Kyoung
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Young Ok
authors.initials: YO
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Jun Ki
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Min
authors.forename: Ho Youn
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sung Hwan
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Mi-La
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Cho
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D002356:Cartilage / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism; D019807:Iodoacetic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D053509:Matrix Metalloproteinase 13 / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D010146:Pain / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000378:metabolism; D014451:Ubiquinone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D016207:Cytokines; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D014451:Ubiquinone; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D053509:Matrix Metalloproteinase 13; C024989:coenzyme Q10; D019807:Iodoacetic Acid
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