title: Ecological risks and potential sources of heavy metals in agricultural soils from Huanghuai Plain, China.
abstract: A total of 224 agricultural soil samples from Huanghuai Plain in China were investigated for the concentrations of seven heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn). The mean concentrations of the metals were 12, 0.17, 79, 0.04, 35, 25, and 74 mg/kg, respectively. These values are similar or slightly higher than background values in this region, except for Cd with a mean nearly twice the background value. The estimated ecological risks based on contamination factors and potential ecological risk indexes are also mostly low, but considerable for Cd and Hg. Multivariate analysis (including Pearson's correlation analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis, and principal component analysis) clearly revealed three distinct metal groups, i.e., Cr/Ni/Zn, As/Cd/Pb, and Hg, whose concentrations were closely associated with the distribution and pollution characteristics of industries in and around the plain. The main anthropogenic sources for the three metal groups were identified as atmospheric deposition, sewage irrigation/fertilizers usage, and atmospheric deposition/irrigation water, respectively. The present results are well suited for planning, risk assessment, and decision making by environmental managers of this region.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
authors.forename: Lingli
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Nandong
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: Fasheng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Hans Martin
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Seip
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cong
authors.forename: Yunzhong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Baolu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Huiying
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D002681:China; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004787:Environmental Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants
references.citation: J Environ Sci (China). 2006;18(6):1124-34
references.pmid: 17294953
references.citation: Environ Int. 2005 Aug;31(6):784-90
references.pmid: 15979144
references.citation: Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2012 Sep;19(8):3362-70
references.pmid: 22447244
references.citation: Chemosphere. 2006 Oct;65(5):863-72
references.pmid: 16635506
references.citation: Environ Monit Assess. 2011 May;176(1-4):677-91
references.pmid: 20668932
references.citation: J Hazard Mater. 2009 Jan 15;161(1):516-21
references.pmid: 18499344
references.citation: Environ Pollut. 2001;114(3):313-24
references.pmid: 11584630
references.citation: Environ Pollut. 2006 Aug;142(3):501-11
references.pmid: 16406233
references.citation: Environ Pollut. 2007 Jan;145(2):434-42
references.pmid: 16824655
references.citation: Chemosphere. 2005 Jul;60(4):542-51
references.pmid: 15950046
references.citation: Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2003 Apr;13(3):175-9
references.pmid: 21782652
references.citation: Environ Pollut. 2009 Aug-Sep;157(8-9):2542-9
references.pmid: 19344985
references.citation: Environ Monit Assess. 2011 Jan;172(1-4):517-27
references.pmid: 20148362
references.citation: C R Biol. 2009 Jun;332(6):558-66
references.pmid: 19520319
references.citation: J Hazard Mater. 2012 Apr 30;213-214:447-56
references.pmid: 22390956
references.citation: Sci Total Environ. 2012 May 15;425:66-74
references.pmid: 22459886
references.citation: J Environ Sci (China). 2008;20(5):607-12
references.pmid: 18575115
references.citation: Sci Total Environ. 2003 Aug 1;312(1-3):195-219
references.pmid: 12873411
references.citation: J Environ Qual. 2001 Jul-Aug;30(4):1143-9
references.pmid: 11476490
references.citation: Environ Pollut. 2006 Apr;140(3):387-94
references.pmid: 16361028
references.citation: Environ Pollut. 2008 Jan;151(1):67-78
references.pmid: 17481789
references.citation: Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2012 Oct;84:117-24
references.pmid: 22835728
references.citation: J Environ Manage. 2009 Jun;90(8):2524-30
references.pmid: 19246150
references.citation: Sci Total Environ. 2002 Dec 2;300(1-3):229-43
references.pmid: 12685485
references.citation: Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2013 Jun;20(6):4099-110
references.pmid: 23224582
references.citation: Environ Pollut. 2012 Sep;168:44-53
references.pmid: 22591788
references.citation: Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 2007 Aug;79(2):209-13
references.pmid: 17639323
references.citation: Sci Total Environ. 2006 Mar 1;356(1-3):45-61
references.pmid: 15913711
references.citation: Environ Pollut. 2008 Apr;152(3):686-92
references.pmid: 17720286
references.citation: Environ Pollut. 2002;119(1):33-44
references.pmid: 12125727
references.citation: Environ Monit Assess. 2008 Dec;147(1-3):171-81
references.pmid: 18085420
references.citation: Environ Int. 2004 Apr;30(2):159-65
references.pmid: 14749104
references.citation: Environ Sci Technol. 2006 Sep 1;40(17):5312-8
references.pmid: 16999104
references.citation: Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 1999 Feb;42(2):191-201
references.pmid: 10051370
references.citation: Environ Toxicol Chem. 2012 Nov;31(11):2431-44
references.pmid: 22887129
references.citation: Environ Monit Assess. 2010 Jul;166(1-4):347-57
references.pmid: 19521788
references.citation: Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2012 Oct;84:304-10
references.pmid: 22902165
references.citation: Chemosphere. 2007 May;67(11):2148-55
references.pmid: 17275882
references.citation: Chemosphere. 2008 Jan;70(6):1085-96
references.pmid: 17904195
references.citation: Sci Total Environ. 2003 Jul 20;311(1-3):205-19
references.pmid: 12826393
references.citation: Chemosphere. 2003 Jun;51(8):723-33
references.pmid: 12668031