title: The effect of antiretrovirals on Plasmodium falciparum liver stages.
abstract: HIV and malaria overlap geographically, but the full impact of different antiretrovirals on malaria remains poorly understood. We examined the antimalarial activity of the HIV protease inhibitors lopinavir and saquinavir and the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor nevirapine on Plasmodium falciparum liver stages. Our results demonstrate that the HIV PI lopinavir inhibits liver stage parasites at clinically relevant concentrations, that is, at drug levels achieved in HIV-infected patients on standard dosing regimens. Because drugs that inhibit liver stages target parasites when they are present in lower numbers, these results might have implications for eradication efforts.
authors.affiliation: NIH/NIAID/Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, Rockville, MD 20852, USA. charlotte.hobbs@nih.gov
authors.forename: Charlotte V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Hobbs
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: De La Vega
authors.forename: Scott R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Penzak
authors.forename: Jillian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Van Vliet
authors.forename: Urszula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Krzych
authors.forename: Photini
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sinnis
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Borkowsky
authors.forename: Patrick E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Duffy
mesh_terms: D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000469:parasitology*; D061466:Lopinavir / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000150:complications; D019829:Nevirapine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000187:drug effects*; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019258:Saquinavir / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; D061466:Lopinavir; D019829:Nevirapine; D019258:Saquinavir
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