title: Mortality risks in relation to occupational category and position among the Japanese working population: the Jichi Medical School (JMS) cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A well-known demographic finding in modern society is the inverse association between socioeconomic status and mortality. The purpose of the study was to examine socioeconomic indicators, such as occupational category (white-collar vs blue -collar) and occupational position (managerial vs non-managerial) as determinants of all -cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer mortality in a Japanese working population.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data of a baseline survey were collected between 1992 and 1995, and ultimately 6929 Japanese workers aged 65 years and younger (3333 men and 3596 women) from 12 rural communities across Japan were followed until the end of 2005.
  
  
  METHODS
  The HRs of death and 95% CIs from all causes were calculated using the Cox proportional hazard model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Men in blue-collar jobs showed an increased all-cause mortality risk compared with those in white-collar jobs (HR 1.64, 95% CI 1.10 to 2.45). Stratified by occupational category, non-managerial women in blue-collar jobs showed a decreased CVD mortality risk compared with managerial women (HR 0.15, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.81), after adjusting for confounding factors. However, non-managerial women in white-collar jobs showed an increased mortality risk compared with managerial women, although this was not significant (HR 2.34, 95% CI 0.25 to 21.87).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Socioeconomic disparity according to occupational category was related to the risk of all-cause mortality among Japanese men. There is a potential interaction of occupational category and position in CVD mortality among Japanese women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Baika Women's University, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Kumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirokawa
authors.forename: Akizumi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsutsumi
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kayaba
keywords: OCCUPATIONAL & INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE; PUBLIC HEALTH
references.citation: J Epidemiol Community Health. 2003 May;57(5):373-8
references.pmid: 12700223
references.citation: Soc Sci Med. 2009 Jun;68(12):2152-60
references.pmid: 19375838
references.citation: Cancer Causes Control. 2008 Mar;19(2):183-93
references.pmid: 18027094
references.citation: Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2007 Oct;1113:325-38
references.pmid: 17483208
references.citation: Arch Intern Med. 1979 Aug;139(8):857-61
references.pmid: 464698
references.citation: J Epidemiol. 2004 Nov;14(6):204-11
references.pmid: 15617394
references.citation: BMJ Open. 2012 Mar 15;2(2):e000860
references.pmid: 22422919
references.citation: J Epidemiol Community Health. 1998 Mar;52(3):153-60
references.pmid: 9616419
references.citation: J Epidemiol Community Health. 2007 Jan;61(1):13-9
references.pmid: 17183009
references.citation: Occup Environ Med. 2001 Jun;58(6):367-73
references.pmid: 11351051
references.citation: BMJ. 1996 Sep 28;313(7060):784-6
references.pmid: 8842070
references.citation: BMJ. 1992 Dec 19-26;305(6868):1554-7
references.pmid: 1286385
references.citation: BMJ. 2012 Mar 06;344:e1191
references.pmid: 22396155
references.citation: J Epidemiol. 2002 Nov;12(6):408-17
references.pmid: 12462275
references.citation: BMJ Open. 2012 Mar 02;2(2):e000425
references.pmid: 22389360
references.citation: BMJ. 1995 Sep 2;311(7005):589-93
references.pmid: 7663252
references.citation: J Epidemiol Community Health. 1995 Feb;49(1):28-32
references.pmid: 7707001
references.citation: Eur J Public Health. 2007 Oct;17(5):486-91
references.pmid: 17267523
references.citation: Annu Rev Public Health. 2000;21:543-67
references.pmid: 10884964
references.citation: PLoS One. 2012;7(5):e37158
references.pmid: 22666343
references.citation: Soc Sci Med. 2011 May;72(10):1652-8
references.pmid: 21514709
references.citation: Soc Sci Med. 2009 Mar;68(6):1091-7
references.pmid: 19168271
references.citation: Soc Sci Med. 2004 Sep;59(6):1287-95
references.pmid: 15210099
references.citation: Int J Behav Med. 2010 Mar;17(1):58-66
references.pmid: 19554455
references.citation: BMC Public Health. 2005 May 27;5:53
references.pmid: 15921512
references.citation: J Rural Health. 2011 Summer;27(3):245-54
references.pmid: 21729151
references.citation: J Epidemiol Community Health. 2008 Oct;62(10):869-75
references.pmid: 18791043
references.citation: Occup Med (Lond). 2000 Jan;50(1):11-7
references.pmid: 10795385
references.citation: Occup Environ Med. 1998 Feb;55(2):91-8
references.pmid: 9614392
references.citation: J Epidemiol. 2005 Nov;15(6):228-34
references.pmid: 16276032
references.citation: J Epidemiol Community Health. 2009 Aug;63(8):646-50
references.pmid: 19406743