title: Immobilization of R. erythropolis in alginate-based artificial cells for simulated plaque degradation in aqueous media.
abstract: Cholesterol degradation rates of free and immobilized Rhodococcus erythropolis (ATCC # 25544) were studied utilizing the bacterium's cholesterol oxidase enzyme pathway to degrade cholesterol in an aqueous simulated non-calcified plaque solution. An L16 (4(5)) Taguchi design was used to minimize the glycolipid bio-surfactant by-product in the growth medium, to improve bacterial viability in the immobilized state. As an expected outcome of miniaturization, there is a significant difference between the atomized (d = 850 ± 50 μm) and inkjet-bioprinted (d = 32 ± 5 μm) lumped kinetic degradation rates after 48 h (p = 0.029, α = 0.05) per ml of jetted alginate. Based on a biphasic cholesterol degradation model, at an initial bacterial cell density of Nlow = 4.53 × 10(8)/ml, for an initial cholesterol concentration of 3 mg/ml, the percentage mass of metabolite degraded is 37.0% ± 0.42%, 57.8% ± 0.04% and 65.1% ± 0.01% for the free, atomized and inkjet immobilized bacteria, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical, Chemical and Materials Engineering, San Jose State University , San Jose, CA , USA.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mobed-Miremadi
authors.forename: Srikanth
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Darbha
mesh_terms: D000464:Alginates / Q000737:chemistry*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018914:Cells, Immobilized / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism*; D002789:Cholesterol Oxidase / Q000378:metabolism*; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D012240:Rhodococcus / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology*; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D002784:Cholesterol; D002789:Cholesterol Oxidase