title: New insights into roles of acidocalcisomes and contractile vacuole complex in osmoregulation in protists.
abstract: While free-living protists are usually subjected to hyposmotic environments, parasitic protists are also in contact with hyperosmotic habitats. Recent work in one of these parasites, Trypanosoma cruzi, has revealed that its contractile vacuole complex, which usually collects and expels excess water as a mechanism of regulatory volume decrease after hyposmotic stress, has also a role in cell shrinking when the cells are submitted to hyperosmotic stress. Trypanosomes also have an acidic calcium store rich in polyphosphate (polyP), named the acidocalcisome, which is involved in their response to osmotic stress. Here, we review newly emerging insights on the role of acidocalcisomes and the contractile vacuole complex in the cellular response to hyposmotic and hyperosmotic stresses. We also review the current state of knowledge on the composition of these organelles and their other roles in calcium homeostasis and protein trafficking.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular Biology and Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA. rdocampo@uga.edu
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Docampo
authors.forename: Veronica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jimenez
authors.forename: Noelia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lander
authors.forename: Zhu-Hong
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Sayantanee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Niyogi
mesh_terms: D015388:Organelles / Q000378:metabolism*; D064587:Osmoregulation; D014349:Trypanosoma cruzi / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D014617:Vacuoles / Q000378:metabolism*
keywords: Acidocalcisomes; Calcium homeostasis; Contractile vacuole complex; Protists; Trypanosomes
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