title: The form of a trade-off determines the response to competition.
abstract: Understanding how populations and communities respond to competition is a central concern of ecology. A seminal theoretical solution first formalised by Levins (and re-derived in multiple fields) showed that, in theory, the form of a trade-off should determine the outcome of competition. While this has become a central postulate in ecology it has evaded experimental verification, not least because of substantial technical obstacles. We here solve the experimental problems by employing synthetic ecology. We engineer strains of Escherichia coli with fixed resource allocations enabling accurate measurement of trade-off shapes between bacterial survival and multiplication in multiple environments. A mathematical chemostat model predicts different, and experimentally verified, trajectories of gene frequency changes as a function of condition-specific trade-offs. The results support Levins' postulate and demonstrates that otherwise paradoxical alternative outcomes witnessed in subtly different conditions are predictable.
authors.affiliation: G08-Biochemistry Building, School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
authors.forename: Ram
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Maharjan
authors.forename: Susanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.forename: Judy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Haynes
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Beardmore
authors.forename: Laurence D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Hurst
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ferenci
authors.forename: Ivana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gudelj
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D017753:Ecosystem; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D050296:Microbial Viability; D008954:Models, Biological; D012808:Sigma Factor / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D012808:Sigma Factor; C069567:sigma factor KatF protein, Bacteria
keywords: Experimental ecology; mathematical models; microorganisms; resource allocation; stress responses; synthetic ecology; trade-off shapes; trade-offs