title: Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus partially responsive to oral desmopressin in a subject with lithium-induced multiple endocrinopathy.
abstract: Lithium (Li) may cause multiple endocrinopathies, including hypercalcaemia, thyroid dysfunction and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI), but rarely in the same patient. The management of NDI remains a challenge. We report on a patient on long-term Li who had simultaneous NDI (paired serum and urine samples had abnormal osmolalities, typical of NDI, and treatment with parenteral desmopressin failed to affect urinary volume and serum osmolality), 'destructive' thyroiditis (hyperthyroidism, absent radioiodine uptake and absent thyrotrophin receptor antibodies) and primary hyperparathyroidism (compatible biochemistry, urine calcium excluding 'set point' anomalies and hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia, and normal parathyroid imaging). The thyroiditis resolved spontaneously and hypercalcaemia responded to reduction of Li dose. The NDI was unresponsive to amiloride, thiazides and ibuprofen in combination. However, urine output was reduced by 50% when a high dose of oral desmopressin was given. We conclude that Li-induced multiple endocrinopathy remains rare and, although NDI is difficult to manage, high dose oral desmopressin should be tried when other medications fail.
authors.affiliation: Section of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Caerphilly Miners' and YYF Hospitals, Hengoed, Wales, UK.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kamath
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Govindan
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Premawardhana
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Adlan
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Premawardhana
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D050034:Antidiuretic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003894:Deamino Arginine Vasopressin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018500:Diabetes Insipidus, Nephrogenic / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008094:Lithium / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D050034:Antidiuretic Agents; D008094:Lithium; D003894:Deamino Arginine Vasopressin
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