title: Fecal carriage of CTX-M β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in nursing homes in the Kinki region of Japan.
abstract: The detection rate of CTX-M-type β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Japan has significantly increased. Nursing homes may be a reservoir of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Therefore, we determined the prevalence of, and risk factors associated with, fecal carriage of CTX-M-type β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae among nursing home residents. A total of 225 stool samples were collected for phenotypic and genotypic identification of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify the risk factors associated with fecal carriage of CTX-M producers. The prevalence of CTX-M-type ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae, as confirmed by phenotypic and genotypic methods, was 19.6% (44 of 225 samples). Escherichia coli was the predominant CTX-M-type ESBL-producing bacterium among these isolates (41 of 44 isolates). Genotyping of bla CTX-M gene-positive isolates showed that 30 (68.2%), 13 (29.5%), and 1 (2.3%) of 44 samples belonged to groups CTX-M-9, CTX-M-1 and CTX-M-2, respectively. Among the CTX-M-type ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae found in nursing homes, 95.5% (42 of 44 isolates) were co-resistant to quinolone antibiotics. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, inability to turn over in bed, diabetes, and invasive procedures within the last 2 years were the only variables independently associated with fecal carriage of CTX-M-type ESBL producers. Nursing home residents in Japan exhibit a high prevalence of CTX-M-type ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae carriage, with a high level of co-resistance to quinolones.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioinformatics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka.
authors.forename: Ulzii-Orshikh
authors.initials: UO
authors.lastname: Luvsansharav
authors.forename: Itaru
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hirai
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Niki
authors.forename: Arisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nakata
authors.forename: Aya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yoshinaga
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Mayumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Toyoshima
authors.forename: Fusao
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kawakami
authors.forename: Nariaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Matsuura
authors.forename: Yoshimasa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
keywords: Enterobacteriaceae; Japan; extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL); fecal carriage; nursing homes; risk factors
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