title: Stability of miRNA in human urine supports its biomarker potential.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  miRNAs are showing utility as biomarkers in urologic disease, however, a rigorous evaluation of their stability in urine is lacking. Here, we evaluate the stability of miRNAs in urine under clinically relevant storage procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight healthy individuals provided clean catch urine samples that were stored at room temperature or at 4°C for 5 days, or subjected to ten freeze-thaw cycles at -80°C. For each condition, two miRNAs, miR-16 and miR-21, were quantitated by quantitative real-time PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All conditions demonstrated a surprising degree of stability of miRNAs in the urine: by the end of ten freeze-thaw cycles, 23-37% of the initial amount remained; over the 5-day period of storage at room temperature, 35% of the initial amount remained; and at 4°C, 42-56% of the initial amount remained. Both miRNAs also showed degradation at approximately the same rate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  miRNAs are relatively stable in urine under a variety of storage conditions, which supports their utility as urinary biomarkers.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Genome & Biomedical Sciences Building, Room 6312, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mall
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Rocke
authors.forename: Blythe
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Durbin-Johnson
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Weiss
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000652:urine; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008297:Male; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine*; D008875:Middle Aged; D021141:Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques; D020871:RNA Stability; D013048:Specimen Handling; D014357:Trypsin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D035683:MicroRNAs; D014357:Trypsin
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