title: Regulation of potassium channel trafficking in the distal nephron.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Potassium channels in the distal nephron are precisely controlled to regulate potassium secretion in accord with physiological demands. In recent years, it has become evident that membrane trafficking processes play a fundamental role. This short review highlights recent developments in elucidating the underlying mechanisms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Novel sorting signals in the renal potassium channels, and the elusive intracellular trafficking machinery that read and act on these signals have recently been identified. These new discoveries reveal that independent signals sequentially interact with different intracellular sorting, retention and internalization machineries to appropriately ferry the channels to and from the apical and basolateral membrane domains in sufficient numbers to regulate potassium balance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A new understanding of the basic mechanisms that control potassium channel density at polarized membrane domains has emerged, providing new insights into how potassium balance is achieved and how it goes awry in disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA. pwelling@umaryland.edu
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Welling
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004705:Endocytosis / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism; D009399:Nephrons / Q000378:metabolism*; D054731:PDZ Domains; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000502:physiology*; D024661:Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C086989:KCNJ1 protein, human; D015221:Potassium Channels; D024661:Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2003 Jun 20;278(25):23066-75
references.pmid: 12684516
references.citation: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2002 Jan;282(1):C183-95
references.pmid: 11742811
references.citation: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2007 Dec;293(6):C1733-41
references.pmid: 17913842
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Jan 30;104(5):1564-9
references.pmid: 17244703
references.citation: Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2009 Oct;297(4):F849-63
references.pmid: 19458126
references.citation: J Am Soc Nephrol. 2005 Sep;16(9):2608-14
references.pmid: 16033858
references.citation: Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2011 Mar;300(3):F589-601
references.pmid: 21228104
references.citation: J Cell Biol. 2009 Jul 27;186(2):269-82
references.pmid: 19620635
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 1987 Mar 25;262(9):4075-82
references.pmid: 3104336
references.citation: Am J Physiol. 1997 Nov;273(5):F825-36
references.pmid: 9374848
references.citation: Am J Physiol. 1990 Sep;259(3 Pt 2):F494-502
references.pmid: 2396675
references.citation: Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2004 May;286(5):C1071-7
references.pmid: 15075206
references.citation: Cell. 2002 Nov 15;111(4):577-88
references.pmid: 12437930
references.citation: J Clin Invest. 2009 Nov;119(11):3278-89
references.pmid: 19841541
references.citation: Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2011 Jun;300(6):F1385-93
references.pmid: 21454252
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 1990 Feb 25;265(6):3116-23
references.pmid: 1968060
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2005 Oct 21;280(42):35281-9
references.pmid: 16118216
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2004 May 21;279(21):22331-46
references.pmid: 15024025
references.citation: Mol Biol Cell. 2006 Oct;17(10):4200-11
references.pmid: 16855024
references.citation: Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2002 Oct;283(4):F630-9
references.pmid: 12217853
references.citation: Mol Cell Biol. 2002 Mar;22(6):1778-91
references.pmid: 11865057
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2004 Jul 2;279(27):28387-92
references.pmid: 15102837
references.citation: Dev Cell. 2012 Apr 17;22(4):811-23
references.pmid: 22516199
references.citation: J Cell Sci. 2007 Feb 15;120(Pt 4):543-53
references.pmid: 17287393
references.citation: J Cell Biol. 1998 Jul 13;142(1):129-38
references.pmid: 9660868
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 2009 May 7;360(19):1960-70
references.pmid: 19420365
references.citation: Cell. 2011 Jun 24;145(7):1102-15
references.pmid: 21703452
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2002 Feb 8;277(6):4317-23
references.pmid: 11719519
references.citation: J Physiol. 2009 Mar 1;587(Pt 5):929-52
references.pmid: 19139046
references.citation: Nat Cell Biol. 2012 Dec;14(12):1235-43
references.pmid: 23196841
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Nov 21;97(24):13114-9
references.pmid: 11069304
references.citation: Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2011 Sep;20(5):512-7
references.pmid: 21670674
references.citation: Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2009 Jul;297(1):F36-45
references.pmid: 19420109
references.citation: Am J Physiol. 1989 Jan;256(1 Pt 2):F143-51
references.pmid: 2912159
references.citation: Neuron. 2012 Sep 6;75(5):810-23
references.pmid: 22958822
references.citation: Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2008 Jun;294(6):F1398-407
references.pmid: 18367659
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2006 Dec 8;281(49):37738-47
references.pmid: 17012742
references.citation: Kidney Int. 2010 Jun;77(12):1063-9
references.pmid: 20375989
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Aug 28;98(18):10475-80
references.pmid: 11504929
references.citation: Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2003 Dec;285(6):F1179-87
references.pmid: 12952855
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Jul 12;102(28):9954-9
references.pmid: 15987778
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2008 May 2;283(18):12241-7
references.pmid: 18303016
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Jun 21;108(25):10361-6
references.pmid: 21633011
references.citation: Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2009 Nov;297(5):F1249-55
references.pmid: 19741015
references.citation: Am J Physiol. 1998 May;274(5):F817-33
references.pmid: 9612319
references.citation: Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2004 Dec;287(6):F1148-53
references.pmid: 15292049
references.citation: Nature. 2008 Apr 10;452(7188):719-23
references.pmid: 18401403
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Oct 19;101(42):15237-42
references.pmid: 15469924
references.citation: J Cell Sci. 2009 Dec 1;122(Pt 23):4253-66
references.pmid: 19923269
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2011 Jan 21;286(3):2224-35
references.pmid: 21081491
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Apr 7;106(14):5842-7
references.pmid: 19289823