title: Group A PP2Cs evolved in land plants as key regulators of intrinsic desiccation tolerance.
abstract: Vegetative desiccation tolerance is common in bryophytes, although this character has been lost in most vascular plants. The moss Physcomitrella patens survives complete desiccation if treated with abscisic acid (ABA). Group A protein phosphatases type 2C (PP2C) are negative regulators of abscisic acid signalling. Here we show that the elimination of Group A PP2C is sufficient to ensure P. patens survival to full desiccation, without ABA treatment, although its growth is severely hindered. Microarray analysis shows that the Group A PP2C-regulated genes exclusively overlap with genes exhibiting a high level of ABA induction. Group A PP2C disruption weakly affects ABA-activated kinase activity, indicating Group A PP2C action downstream of these kinases in the moss. We propose that Group A PP2C emerged in land plants to repress desiccation tolerance mechanisms, possibly facilitating plants propagation on land, whereas ABA releases the intrinsic desiccation tolerance from Group A PP2C regulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Komatsu
authors.forename: Norihiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Mayuri
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuwamura
authors.forename: Yuri
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishikawa
authors.forename: Mao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakatani
authors.forename: Hitomi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohtawa
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Takezawa
authors.forename: Motoaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seki
authors.forename: Maho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Teruaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Taji
authors.forename: Takahisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Yoichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakata
mesh_terms: D000040:Abscisic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D019068:Bryopsida / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D002241:Carbohydrates; D003890:Desiccation; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005615:Freezing; D018628:Gene Dosage / Q000235:genetics; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects; D008954:Models, Biological; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases / Q000378:metabolism*; D063245:Plant Development / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D000071636:Protein Phosphatase 2C; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D012995:Solubility; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D002241:Carbohydrates; D010940:Plant Proteins; D000040:Abscisic Acid; D011494:Protein Kinases; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases; D000071636:Protein Phosphatase 2C
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