title: Association between weight gain during pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes after dietary and lifestyle interventions: a meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Lifestyle interventions in obese pregnant women reduce adverse maternal outcomes of pregnancy. However, the association between weight change due to interventions and the actual reduction in complications is unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the association between gestational weight gain (GWG) and the rate of pregnancy complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effect of lifestyle interventions during pregnancy on GWG and adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. For each outcome they assessed the association between GWG and the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  They analyzed data of 23 RCTs (4,990 women). Increased GWG was associated with a nonsignificant increase in the incidence of preeclampsia (PE) (0.2% per gained kg, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.5 to 0.9%, p > 0.05), gestational diabetes (GDM) (0.3% per gained kg, 95% CI -0.5 to 1.0%, p > 0.05), and induction of labor (IOL) (1.5% per gained kg, 95% CI -0.9 to 3.9%, p > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reduction in GWG due to lifestyle interventions in pregnancy had statistically nonsignificant effects on lowering the incidence of PE, GDM, and IOL. Possibly, the beneficial effect of lifestyle interventions on pregnancy outcomes is due to an effect independent of the reduction of GWG.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Ruifrok
authors.affiliation: Department of Public and Occupational Health and EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M N M
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: van Poppel
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van Wely
authors.affiliation: Women's Health Research Unit, Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rogozińska
authors.affiliation: Women's Health Research Unit, Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: C J M
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: de Groot
authors.affiliation: Women's Health Research Unit, Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thangaratinam
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: B W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Mol
mesh_terms: D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007751:Labor, Induced / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008019:Life Style; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D015430:Weight Gain