title: Characterization of burdock mottle virus, a novel member of the genus Benyvirus, and the identification of benyvirus-related sequences in the plant and insect genomes.
abstract: The complete nucleotide sequence of the burdock mottle virus (BdMoV) isolated from an edible burdock plant (Arctium lappa) in Japan has been determined. BdMoV has a bipartite genome, whose organization is similar to RNA1 and RNA2 of benyviruses, beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV), beet soil-borne mosaic virus (BSBMV), and rice stripe necrosis virus (RSNV). BdMoV RNA1 (7038 nt) contains a single open reading frame (ORF) encoding a 249-kDa polypeptide that consists of methyl-transferase, helicase, papain-like protease, AlkB-like, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase domains. The AlkB-like domain sequence is not present in the proteins encoded by other known benyviruses, but is found in replication-associated proteins of viruses mainly belonging to the families Alfaflexiviridae and Betaflexiviridae. BdMoV RNA2 (4315 nt) contains six ORFs that are similar to those of benyviruses: these are coat protein (CP), CP readthrough, triple gene block movement and cysteine-rich proteins. Phylogenetic analyses showed that BdMoV is more closely related to BNYVV and BSBMV than to RSNV. Database searches showed that benyvirus replicase-related sequences are present in the chromosomes of a chickpea plant (Cicer arietinum) and a blood-sucking insect (Rhodnius prolixus). Some other benyvirus-related sequences are found in the transcriptome shotgun libraries of a few species of plants and a bark beetle. Our results show that BdMoV is a distinct species of the genus Benyvirus and that ancestral and extant benyviruses may have infected or currently infect a wide range of hosts, including plants and insects.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University, 2-20-1, Chuo, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan. Electronic address: hkondo@rib.okayama-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: Shuichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hirano
authors.forename: Sotaro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chiba
authors.forename: Ida Bagus
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Andika
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hirai
authors.forename: Takanori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tamada
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D031170:Arctium / Q000821:virology*; D001483:Base Sequence; D029863:Cicer / Q000235:genetics*; D049750:Genome, Insect; D018745:Genome, Plant; D016679:Genome, Viral; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016366:Open Reading Frames; D010802:Phylogeny; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000821:virology*; D012328:RNA Viruses / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012239:Rhodnius / Q000235:genetics*
keywords: AlkB; Benyvirus; Burdock mottle virus; Endogenous viral element; Paleovirology; Transcriptome shotgun assembly