title: Preparation of magnetic poly(vinylimidazole-co-divinylbenzene) nanoparticles and their application in the trace analysis of fluoroquinolones in environmental water samples.
abstract: Nanosized spherical magnetic poly(vinylimidazole-co-divinylbenzene) particles were synthesized and used as a sorbent for the enrichment of trace fluoroquinolones (FQs) from environmental water samples. A suspension polymerization procedure was used to prepare the sorbent. The magnetic sorbent was characterized by SEM, transmission electron microscopy, elemental analysis, and FTIR spectroscopy. Analysis of enrofloxacin, marbofloxacin, fleroxacin, lomefloxacin, and sparfloxacin in environmental water samples by the combination of the magnetic sorbent and HPLC with diode array detection was selected as a paradigm for the practical application of the new adsorbent. Several extraction conditions, including desorption solvent, extraction and desorption time, pH value, and ionic strength in sample matrix, were optimized. Results showed that the new sorbent had high affinity for FQs and could be used to extract them effectively. Under the optimum conditions, low detection (S/N = 3) and quantification (S/N = 10) limits were achieved for the target analytes, within the ranges of 0.20-1.46 and 0.68-4.84 μg/L, respectively. Method repeatability was achieved in terms of intra- and interday precisions, indicated by the RSDs, which were both <10.0%. The method also showed good linearity, simplicity, practicality, and environmental friendliness for the extraction of FQs. Finally, the developed method was successfully applied to the determination of FQs in lake water, surface water, and reservoir water samples. Acceptable recoveries of spiked target compounds in these water samples were in the range of 52.1-104.5%.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystem, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
authors.forename: Xiaojia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Yulei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Dongxing
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yuan
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000032:analysis*; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D011145:Polyvinyls / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D013499:Surface Properties; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D007093:Imidazoles; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D011145:Polyvinyls; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C588226:poly(vinylimidazole-co-divinylbenzene)
keywords: Extraction; Fluoroquinolones; HPLC; Magnetic sorbents; Poly(vinylimidazole-divinylbenzene)