title: The chemokine stromal cell-derived factor-1α promotes endothelial progenitor cell-mediated neovascularization of human transplanted fat tissue in diabetic immunocompromised mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Stromal cell-derived factor-1α is a chemokine and mediates endothelial progenitor cell-induced neovascularization. Because vascularization of a graft is crucial for its survival, the authors investigated whether stromal cell-derived factor-1α could improve fat graft survival by inducing endothelial progenitor cell-mediated neovascularization and preventing its resorption.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors injected 1 ml of human fat tissue into the scalps of 30 diabetic and 10 nondiabetic immunocompromised mice. The fat grafts were treated with phosphate-buffered saline or stromal cell-derived factor-1α. Determination of graft phenotype included measurements of their weights and volumes, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels, the stromal cell-derived factor-1α receptor CXCR4, VEGF receptor 2, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, serine/threonine-specific protein kinase (protein kinase B), caspase 3, and cytochrome c expression levels, and the extent of vascularization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighteen days after transplantation, stromal cell-derived factor-1α treatment of the grafts in the diabetic mice (1) increased plasma VEGF levels; (2) raised VEGF receptor 2, CXCR4, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, and protein kinase B expression levels; and (3) reduced caspase 3 and cytochrome c expression levels in the fat grafts. Fifteen weeks after transplantation, stromal cell-derived factor-1α treatment of the grafts prevented their resorption and increased the extent of their vascularization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Locally delivered stromal cell-derived factor-1α increases fat graft survival by stimulating neovascularization and reducing fat cell apoptosis through an endothelial progenitor cell-mediated mechanism.
authors.affiliation: Haifa, Israel From the Cardiovascular Research Laboratory and the Skin Research Laboratory, Bruce and Ruth Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; and the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and the Thrombosis and Hemostasis Unit, Rambam Health Care Campus.
authors.forename: Saher
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hamed
authors.forename: Dana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Egozi
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dawood
authors.forename: Aviad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Keren
authors.forename: Danny
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kruchevsky
authors.forename: Ohad
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ben-Nun
authors.forename: Amos
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gilhar
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Brenner
authors.forename: Yehuda
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ullmann
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000637:transplantation*; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000276:immunology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection; D006085:Graft Survival; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D011897:Random Allocation; D012535:Scalp; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D013311:Streptozocin / Q000494:pharmacology; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D054377:Chemokine CXCL12; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D013311:Streptozocin
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