title: Threading the barrel of the RNA exosome.
abstract: In eukaryotes, the exosome complex degrades RNA backbones and plays key roles in RNA processing and surveillance. It was predicted that RNA substrates are threaded through a central channel. This pathway is conserved between eukaryotic and archaeal complexes, even though nuclease activity was lost from the nine-subunit eukaryotic core (EXO-9) and transferred to associated proteins. The exosome cooperates with nuclear and cytoplasmic cofactors, including RNA helicases Mtr4 and Ski2, respectively. Structures of an RNA-bound exosome and both helicases revealed how substrates are channeled through EXO-9 to the associated nuclease Rrp44. Recent high-throughput analyses provided fresh insights relating exosome structure to its diverse in vivo functions. They also revealed surprisingly high degradation rates for newly synthesized RNAs, particularly RNA polymerase III transcripts.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences (ICaMB), Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. Electronic address: claudia.schneider@ncl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tollervey
mesh_terms: D063326:Exosome Multienzyme Ribonuclease Complex / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D012313:RNA / Q000378:metabolism; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D012313:RNA; D063326:Exosome Multienzyme Ribonuclease Complex
keywords: RNA processing; RNA quality control; RNA surveillance; exosome; exosome cofactor
references.citation: Nat Genet. 2012 Feb 05;44(3):277-84
references.pmid: 22306653
references.citation: Nature. 2009 Feb 19;457(7232):1033-7
references.pmid: 19169243
references.citation: Nucleic Acids Res. 2012 Nov 1;40(20):10240-53
references.pmid: 22965128
references.citation: Nature. 2011 Mar 24;471(7339):467-72
references.pmid: 21430775
references.citation: Science. 2008 Dec 19;322(5909):1851-4
references.pmid: 19056938
references.citation: PLoS Genet. 2009 Jul;5(7):e1000555
references.pmid: 19593367
references.citation: Mol Cell. 2008 Oct 24;32(2):247-58
references.pmid: 18951092
references.citation: Mol Cell. 2012 Jul 27;47(2):267-80
references.pmid: 22683267
references.citation: Nucleic Acids Res. 2013 Jan 7;41(1):533-41
references.pmid: 23143101
references.citation: Science. 2012 Jun 29;336(6089):1726-9
references.pmid: 22745434
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Jan 18;108(3):1058-63
references.pmid: 21149693
references.citation: Cell. 2006 Dec 15;127(6):1223-37
references.pmid: 17174896
references.citation: EMBO J. 2010 Jul 21;29(14):2342-57
references.pmid: 20531386
references.citation: Mol Cell. 2010 Jan 15;37(1):34-45
references.pmid: 20129053
references.citation: RNA Biol. 2010 May-Jun;7(3):276-81
references.pmid: 20484980
references.citation: EMBO Rep. 2010 Dec;11(12):936-42
references.pmid: 21072061
references.citation: Genetics. 2012 Jul;191(3):671-702
references.pmid: 22785621
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2011 Oct 28;286(43):37429-45
references.pmid: 21878619
references.citation: Cell. 2009 Oct 30;139(3):547-59
references.pmid: 19879841
references.citation: Nature. 2008 Dec 18;456(7224):993-6
references.pmid: 19060886
references.citation: EMBO Rep. 2007 May;8(5):470-6
references.pmid: 17380186
references.citation: Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2007 Jan;14(1):15-22
references.pmid: 17173052
references.citation: RNA. 2010 Sep;16(9):1692-724
references.pmid: 20675404
references.citation: Adv Exp Med Biol. 2011;702:132-42
references.pmid: 21713683
references.citation: Am J Hum Genet. 2012 Apr 6;90(4):689-92
references.pmid: 22444670
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2008 Feb 22;283(8):4930-42
references.pmid: 18096702
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Feb 8;108(6):2366-71
references.pmid: 21262801
references.citation: Protein Sci. 2008 Jan;17(1):119-25
references.pmid: 18042677
references.citation: Biochem Soc Trans. 2012 Aug;40(4):836-41
references.pmid: 22817744
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Oct 23;104(43):16844-9
references.pmid: 17942686
references.citation: Nature. 2013 Mar 7;495(7439):70-5
references.pmid: 23376952
references.citation: Traffic. 2009 May;10(5):499-513
references.pmid: 19220816
references.citation: J Cell Biol. 2013 Mar 4;200(5):577-88
references.pmid: 23439679
references.citation: Nature. 2009 Feb 19;457(7232):1038-42
references.pmid: 19169244
references.citation: Nucleic Acids Res. 2012 Jul;40(12):5679-93
references.pmid: 22402490
references.citation: Cell. 1997 Nov 14;91(4):457-66
references.pmid: 9390555
references.citation: Mol Cell. 2008 Jul 11;31(1):91-103
references.pmid: 18614048
references.citation: RNA. 2010 Apr;16(4):781-91
references.pmid: 20185544
references.citation: RNA. 2012 Jan;18(1):124-34
references.pmid: 22114319
references.citation: RNA. 2008 Nov;14(11):2305-13
references.pmid: 18824516
references.citation: Nucleic Acids Res. 2012 Mar;40(6):2700-11
references.pmid: 22123738
references.citation: RNA. 2011 Aug;17(8):1566-77
references.pmid: 21705430
references.citation: EMBO J. 2013 Jul 3;32(13):1842-54
references.pmid: 23503588
references.citation: Cell. 2011 Jun 10;145(6):890-901
references.pmid: 21663793
references.citation: Mol Cell. 2012 Oct 12;48(1):133-44
references.pmid: 22902556
references.citation: Biochemistry. 2010 Dec 14;49(49):10357-70
references.pmid: 21058657
references.citation: RNA. 2011 Nov;17(11):2011-25
references.pmid: 21954178
references.citation: RNA. 2008 Jan;14(1):107-16
references.pmid: 18000032
references.citation: Nucleic Acids Res. 2009 Mar;37(4):1127-40
references.pmid: 19129231
references.citation: Mol Cell. 2012 Nov 9;48(3):422-33
references.pmid: 23000172
references.citation: Cell. 2011 Feb 4;144(3):353-63
references.pmid: 21255825
references.citation: Nucleic Acids Res. 2013 Apr 1;41(6):3845-58
references.pmid: 23404585
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2010 Feb 5;285(6):3540-3547
references.pmid: 19955569
references.citation: EMBO J. 2013 Jul 3;32(13):1855-68
references.pmid: 23756462
references.citation: Trends Biochem Sci. 2008 Oct;33(10):501-10
references.pmid: 18786828
references.citation: Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Feb 1;30(3):695-700
references.pmid: 11809881
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 May 8;109(19):7292-7
references.pmid: 22532666
references.citation: Mol Cell. 2012 Nov 9;48(3):409-21
references.pmid: 23000176
references.citation: EMBO J. 2010 Jul 21;29(14):2358-67
references.pmid: 20531389
references.citation: Mol Cell. 2008 Mar 28;29(6):717-28
references.pmid: 18374646
references.citation: PLoS Genet. 2012;8(4):e1002652
references.pmid: 22511887
references.citation: Mol Cell. 2011 Aug 19;43(4):624-37
references.pmid: 21855801
references.citation: Nucleic Acids Res. 2008 Dec;36(21):6645-55
references.pmid: 18940861
references.citation: Wiley Interdiscip Rev RNA. 2011 Sep-Oct;2(5):686-99
references.pmid: 21823229
references.citation: RNA. 2009 Jun;15(6):1045-58
references.pmid: 19369424
references.citation: RNA. 2012 Oct;18(10):1934-45
references.pmid: 22923767
references.citation: Mol Biol Cell. 2009 Apr;20(8):2242-53
references.pmid: 19225159
references.citation: EMBO J. 2011 May 4;30(9):1790-803
references.pmid: 21460797
references.citation: Mol Cell Biol. 2008 May;28(9):3038-44
references.pmid: 18285452
references.citation: Mol Biochem Parasitol. 2008 May;159(1):24-9
references.pmid: 18279979
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Jul 6;107(27):12139-44
references.pmid: 20566885
references.citation: Nucleic Acids Res. 2013 Apr;41(8):4709-23
references.pmid: 23482395
references.citation: Mol Cell. 2007 Jul 20;27(2):324-31
references.pmid: 17643380
references.citation: Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Sep;38(16):5507-17
references.pmid: 20421210
references.citation: Cell. 2009 Feb 20;136(4):763-76
references.pmid: 19239894
references.citation: RNA. 2005 Apr;11(4):459-69
references.pmid: 15703439
references.citation: Nature. 2013 May 9;497(7448):244-8
references.pmid: 23594738
references.citation: EMBO J. 2010 Jul 7;29(13):2205-16
references.pmid: 20512111
references.citation: Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2009 Jan;16(1):56-62
references.pmid: 19060898
references.citation: Nucleic Acids Res. 2012 Oct;40(18):9298-307
references.pmid: 22833611
references.citation: Mol Cell. 2011 Oct 7;44(1):108-19
references.pmid: 21981922
references.citation: Nucleic Acids Res. 2008 May;36(9):3075-84
references.pmid: 18400782
references.citation: Nucleic Acids Res. 2011 Sep 1;39(16):7179-93
references.pmid: 21596787