title: Prevalence and characterization of apramycin-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium isolated from healthy and diseased pigs in Korea during 1998 through 2009.
abstract: Apramycin resistance was observed in 22.8% (81 of 355) of Salmonella Typhimurium isolates collected from pigs from 1998 through 2009 in Korea. All apramycin-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium isolates also were cross-resistant to gentamicin and tobramycin. Among the seven types of aminoglycoside resistance genes tested, only four types were detected in the apramycin-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium isolates: aac (3)-IV, aac (3)-II, aac (3)-III, and ant (2'')-I. Although the aac (3)-IV gene was found in all apramycin-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium isolates, aac (3)-II, aac (3)-III, and ant (2'')-I genes were detected in five (6.2%), two (2.5%), and three (3.7%) isolates, respectively. The apramycin-resistant isolates comprised six phage types, of which PT193 (16 of 81 isolates, 19.8%) was most commonly observed. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing characteristics of apramycin-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium isolates in Korea. Further study is warranted to determine whether apramycin use in animals results in cross-resistance to gentamicin, which may affect public health when gentamicin is required for disease treatment in humans.
authors.affiliation: Animal, Plant, and Fisheries Quarantine and Inspection Agency, 175 Anyang-ro, Manan-gu, Anyang 430-757, Republic of Korea. imsk0049@korea.kr
authors.forename: Suk-Kyung
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Hyang-Mi
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.forename: Hee-Soo
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ae-Ran
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Gum-Chan
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Suk-Chan
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Tae-Sun
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D059022:Food Safety; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007723:Korea; D008460:Meat / Q000382:microbiology; D009328:Nebramycin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D015995:Prevalence; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013552:Swine / Q000382:microbiology*; D014031:Tobramycin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D005839:Gentamicins; D009328:Nebramycin; C011666:apramycin; D014031:Tobramycin