title: DELLA-interacting SWI3C core subunit of switch/sucrose nonfermenting chromatin remodeling complex modulates gibberellin responses and hormonal cross talk in Arabidopsis.
abstract: Switch (SWI)/Sucrose Nonfermenting (SNF)-type chromatin-remodeling complexes (CRCs) are involved in regulation of transcription, DNA replication and repair, and cell cycle. Mutations of conserved subunits of plant CRCs severely impair growth and development; however, the underlying causes of these phenotypes are largely unknown. Here, we show that inactivation of SWI3C, the core component of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) SWI/SNF CRCs, interferes with normal functioning of several plant hormone pathways and alters transcriptional regulation of key genes of gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis. The resulting reduction of GA4 causes severe inhibition of hypocotyl and root elongation, which can be rescued by exogenous GA treatment. In addition, the swi3c mutation inhibits DELLA-dependent transcriptional activation of GIBBERELLIN-INSENSITIVE DWARF1 (GID1) GA receptor genes. Down-regulation of GID1a in parallel with the DELLA repressor gene REPRESSOR OF GA1-3 1 in swi3c indicates that lack of SWI3C also leads to defects in GA signaling. Together with the recent demonstration of function of SWI/SNF ATPase BRAHMA in the GA pathway, these results reveal a critical role of SWI/SNF CRC in the regulation of GA biosynthesis and signaling. Moreover, we demonstrate that SWI3C is capable of in vitro binding to, and shows in vivo bimolecular fluorescence complementation interaction in cell nuclei with, the DELLA proteins RGA-LIKE2 and RGA-LIKE3, which affect transcriptional activation of GID1 and GA3ox (GIBBERELLIN 3-OXIDASE) genes controlling GA perception and biosynthesis, respectively. Furthermore, we show that SWI3C also interacts with the O-GlcNAc (O-linked N-acetylglucosamine) transferase SPINDLY required for proper functioning of DELLAs and acts hypostatically to (SPINDLY) in the GA response pathway. These findings suggest that DELLA-mediated effects in GA signaling as well as their role as a hub in hormonal cross talk may be, at least in part, dependent on their direct physical interaction with complexes responsible for modulation of chromatin structure.
authors.affiliation: Marie Curie Memorial Cancer Center, Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Elzbieta A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Sarnowska
authors.forename: Anna T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Rolicka
authors.forename: Ernest
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bucior
authors.forename: Pawel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cwiek
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tohge
authors.forename: Alisdair R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Fernie
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jikumaru
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kamiya
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Franzen
authors.forename: Elmon
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schmelzer
authors.forename: Aimone
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Porri
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sacharowski
authors.forename: Dominika M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Gratkowska
authors.forename: Dorota L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Zugaj
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Taff
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zalewska
authors.forename: Rafal
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Archacki
authors.forename: Seth J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Coupland
authors.forename: Csaba
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Koncz
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jerzmanowski
authors.forename: Tomasz J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Sarnowski
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D042002:Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D005875:Gibberellins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; D005875:Gibberellins; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; C587486:SWI3C protein, Arabidopsis
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