title: Minimally invasive surgery in infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia: outcome and selection criteria.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to determine clinical indications for performing minimally invasive surgery (MIS) with acceptable results by reviewing our experience in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) repair and comparing outcomes of MIS with open surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records of patients who underwent CDH repair were reviewed retrospectively between January 2008 and December 2012, and outcomes were compared between MIS and open repair of CDH.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From 2008 to 2012, 35 patients were operated on for CDH. Among these patients, 20 patients underwent open surgery, and 15 patients underwent MIS. Patients with delayed presentations (60.0% [9/15] in the MIS group vs. 20.0% [4/20] in the open surgery group; P = 0.015) and small diaphragmatic defect less than 3 cm (80.0% [12/15] in the MIS group vs. 0.0% [0/20] in the open surgery group; P < 0.001) were more frequently in the MIS group than the open surgery group. All 10 patients who also had other anomalies underwent open surgery (P = 0.002). Moreover, nine patients who needed a patch for repair underwent open surgery (P = 0.003). Patients in the MIS group showed earlier enteral feeding and shorter hospital stays. There was no recurrence in either group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CDH repair with MIS can be suggested as the treatment of choice for patients with a small sized diaphragmatic defect, in neonates with stable hemodynamics and without additional anomalies, or in infants with delayed presen tation of CDH, resulting in excellent outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Chihwan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cha
authors.forename: Young Ju
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Eun Young
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Hye Kyung
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Jung-Tak
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Seok Joo
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Han
keywords: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia; Minimally invasive surgical procedure; Open repair laparotomy; Outcome
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