title: Plasma adiponectin level is inversely correlated with albuminuria in overweight and obese nondiabetic individuals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the relationship between adiponectin and albuminuria in a large group of overweight and obese nondiabetic individuals after controlling for potential confounders.
  
  
  METHODS
  Detailed anthropometry, computed tomography-measured visceral abdominal adipose tissue, 24-h albuminuria, adiponectin and a series of biochemical parameters were assessed. Four hundred forty patients, predominantly of Caucasian origin, were included (80.2% female). A multiple linear regression model was developed, with albuminuria as the dependent variable and potential predictors as independent variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age was 40±13 years, the mean body mass index was 35.7±6.6 kg/m2, and the median visceral abdominal adipose tissue was 142.4 (92.3-194.0) cm2. 10.9% of subjects exhibited microalbuminuria. The median adiponectin level was 9.08 (6.23-12.94) μg/ml, and the median fasting serum glucose level was 83 (77-89) mg/dl. The strongest significant univariate correlations with albuminuria were visceral abdominal adipose tissue (r=0.258, p<0.001), adiponectin (r=-0.265, p<0.001), waist circumference (r=0.250, p<0.001), waist-to-hip ratio (r=0.236, p<0.001) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r=-0.211, p<0.001). The multiple linear regression model revealed a significant positive independent correlation between visceral abdominal adipose tissue and albuminuria (r=0.134, p=0.033), between fasting glucose levels and albuminuria (r=0.390, p=0.029) and between gender and albuminuria (r=0.107, p=0.038). A significant independent negative correlation was identified between adiponectin and albuminuria (r=-0.255, p=0.022).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We observed an independent inverse relationship between adiponectin and albuminuria in overweight and obese nondiabetic individuals. Further investigations are needed to confirm this finding and to clarify whether adiponectin is a risk marker or plays a causative role in developing obesity-induced nephropathy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, Belgium.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Meyvis
authors.forename: An
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Verrijken
authors.forename: Kristien
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wouters
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Van Gaal
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015992:Body Mass Index; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology*; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood; D050177:Overweight / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D055105:Waist Circumference; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D015415:Biomarkers; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL
keywords: 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase; AMPK; Adipokines; BMI; HDL-C; LDL-C; MDRD; Microalbuminuria; Modification of Diet in Renal Disease; Obesity; SAT; VAT; Visceral abdominal adipose tissue; WHR; body mass index; eGFR; estimated glomerular filtration rate; high sensitive-C-reactive protein; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; hs-CRP; low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue; visceral abdominal adipose tissue; waist-to-hip ratio