title: Perioperative temperature elevation: not all hyperthermia is malignant hyperthermia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this review is to assist the readers, anesthesiologists, intensivists, and emergency physicians in making a more accurate diagnosis of perioperative fever or hyperthermia and subsequently choose the proper course of treatment.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify the many sources of perioperative fever and after a more accurate differential diagnosis, select appropriate treatment options. Most anesthesiologists, intensivists, and emergency physicians are not familiar with an expansive differential of perioperative fever. This article attempts to expose these physicians to that differential diagnosis.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Much of the medical literature has anecdotal reports, small case series, or limited reviews of the possible sources of hyperthermia or fever. This is especially true of the anesthesia literature.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A literature search was performed which identified many possible common and uncommon sources of fever. Some of these sources are quite relevant to the anesthesiologist. Other sources had potential relevance in obscure cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA. herlicha@upmc.edu
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Herlich
mesh_terms: D001733:Bites and Stings; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000502:physiology*; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004671:Encephalitis, Arbovirus; D004700:Endocrine System Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology; D005334:Fever / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018883:Heat Stroke / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007239:Infections / Q000150:complications; D008305:Malignant Hyperthermia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009459:Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology; D059035:Perioperative Period; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology; D022722:Thermogenesis; D017282:Tick-Borne Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology; D065227:Transfusion Reaction
keywords: dantrolene; fever; malignant hyperthermia; sepsis; stroke; toxicology