title: Structural changes in senescing oilseed rape leaves at tissue and subcellular levels monitored by nuclear magnetic resonance relaxometry through water status.
abstract: Nitrogen use efficiency is relatively low in oilseed rape (Brassica napus) due to weak nitrogen remobilization during leaf senescence. Monitoring the kinetics of water distribution associated with the reorganization of cell structures, therefore, would be valuable to improve the characterization of nutrient recycling in leaf tissues and the associated senescence processes. In this study, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxometry was used to describe water distribution and status at the cellular level in different leaf ranks of well-watered plants. It was shown to be able to detect slight variations in the evolution of senescence. The NMR results were linked to physiological characterization of the leaves and to light and electron micrographs. A relationship between cell hydration and leaf senescence was revealed and associated with changes in the NMR signal. The relative intensities and the transverse relaxation times of the NMR signal components associated with vacuole water were positively correlated with senescence, describing water uptake and vacuole and cell enlargement. Moreover, the relative intensity of the NMR signal that we assigned to the chloroplast water decreased during the senescence process, in agreement with the decrease in relative chloroplast volume estimated from micrographs. The results are discussed on the basis of water flux occurring at the cellular level during senescence. One of the main applications of this study would be for plant phenotyping, especially for plants under environmental stress such as nitrogen starvation.
authors.affiliation: Institut National de Recherche en Sciences et Technologies pour l'Environnement et l'Agriculture, Food Process Engineering Research Unit, F-35044 Rennes Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Maja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Musse
authors.forename: Loriane
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: De Franceschi
authors.forename: Mireille
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cambert
authors.forename: Clément
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sorin
authors.forename: Françoise
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Le Caherec
authors.forename: Agnès
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Burel
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bouchereau
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mariette
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Leport
mesh_terms: D029688:Brassica napus / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D016922:Cellular Senescence; D061146:Chlorophyll Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D014867:Water / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D061146:Chlorophyll Binding Proteins; D014867:Water
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