title: Volume replacement with saline solutions during pancreatitis in rats and the hepatic profiles of apoptotic proteins and heat-shock proteins.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Liver failure can occur as a consequence of the systemic inflammation after acute pancreatitis. We assessed the effect of volume repositioning with hypertonic saline solution or normal saline on hepatic cytokine production and the expression of heat-shock proteins and apoptotic proteins after acute pancreatitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Wistar rats were divided in four groups: C - control animals that were not subjected to insult or treatment; NT - animals that were subjected to acute pancreatitis and received no treatment; normal saline - animals that were subjected to acute pancreatitis and received normal saline (NaCl 0.9%); and HS - animals that were subjected to acute pancreatitis and received hypertonic saline solution (NaCl 7.5%). Acute pancreatitis was induced by retrograde transduodenal infusion of 2.5% sodium taurocholate into the pancreatic duct. At 4, 12 and 24 h following acute pancreatitis induction, TNF-alpha, IL-1-beta, IL-6 and IL-10, caspase-2 and -7, Apaf-1, AIF and HSP60 and 90 were analyzed in the liver.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Casp2 decreased in the normal saline and hypertonic saline groups (p<0.05 versus. C) at 12 h. Apaf-1, AIF and HSP90 remained unchanged. At 4 h, Casp7 increased in the NT group (p<0.01 versus C), although it remained at the baseline levels in the reperfused groups. HSP60 increased in all of the groups at 4 h (p< 0.001 vs. C). However, the hypertonic saline group showed lower expression of HSP60 than the normal saline group (p<0.05). Hypertonic saline solution maintained the production of cytokines at normal levels. Volume reperfusion with normal or hypertonic saline significantly modulated the expression of Casp7.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Volume replacement with hypertonic or normal saline was effective in reducing caspase 7. However, only hypertonic solution was capable of regulating cytokine production and HSP60 expression at all time points.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM-51), Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculdadede Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo - USP -São Paulo (SP), Brazil.
authors.forename: Ester Correia Sarmento
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Rios
authors.forename: Ana Iochabel Soares
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Moretti
authors.forename: Heraldo Possolo de
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.forename: Irineu Tadeu
authors.initials: IT
authors.lastname: Velasco
authors.forename: Francisco Garcia
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Soriano
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