title: Quick Response codes for surgical safety: a prospective pilot study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Surgical safety programs have been shown to reduce patient harm; however, there is variable compliance. The purpose of this study is to determine if innovative technology such as Quick Response (QR) codes can facilitate surgical safety initiatives.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively evaluated the use of QR codes during the surgical time-out for 40 operations. Feasibility and accuracy were assessed. Perceptions of the current time-out process and the QR code application were evaluated through surveys using a 5-point Likert scale and binomial yes or no questions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline (n = 53), survey results from the surgical team agreed or strongly agreed that the current time-out process was efficient (64%), easy to use (77%), and provided clear information (89%). However, 65% of surgeons felt that process improvements were needed. Thirty-seven of 40 (92.5%) QR codes scanned successfully, of which 100% were accurate. Three scan failures resulted from excessive curvature or wrinkling of the QR code label on the body. Follow-up survey results (n = 33) showed that the surgical team agreed or strongly agreed that the QR program was clearer (70%), easier to use (57%), and more accurate (84%). Seventy-four percent preferred the QR system to the current time-out process.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  QR codes accurately transmit patient information during the time-out procedure and are preferred to the current process by surgical team members. The novel application of this technology may improve compliance, accuracy, and outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Scott & White Memorial Hospital, Temple, Texas 76503, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Dixon
authors.forename: William Roy
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Smythe
authors.forename: Lara S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Momsen
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jupiter
authors.forename: Harry T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Papaconstantinou
mesh_terms: D057189:Checklist; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010348:Patient Care Team / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards; D010355:Patient Identification Systems / Q000379:methods / Q000458:organization & administration*; D061214:Patient Safety; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017751:Safety Management / Q000379:methods / Q000458:organization & administration*; D013503:Surgery Department, Hospital / Q000458:organization & administration*
keywords: Health services; Innovation; Outcomes; Patient safety; Quick Response codes; Surgical safety checklist; Technology; Time-out