title: Trace level determinations of carbamate pesticides in surface water by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after derivatization with 9-xanthydrol.
abstract: A sensitive and selective gas chromatographic mass spectrometric method, based on derivatization with 9-xanthydrol, has been established for the simultaneous determination of five carbamate pesticides (carbaryl, carbofuran, metolcarb, isoprocarb and ethiofencarb) in surface water. 4-Bromo-3,5-dimethylphenyl-N-methylcarbamate was chosen as the internal standard for analyzing water samples. The derivatization of carbamates was performed directly in water and the reaction conditions (9-xanthydrol of 50.0mM, HCl concentration of 0.05M, reaction for 60min at 60°C) were established through the optimization of various parameters. Under the established conditions, the limits of quantification were in the range of 0.007-0.028μg/L, and the intra- and inter-day relative standard deviation were each less than 15% at concentrations of 0.1, 1.0 and 10μg/L. None of the carbamate pesticides were detected in any of the sixteen surface waters analyzed.
authors.affiliation: Environmental Education Graduate School, Kongju National University, Kongju, 314-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eun-Young
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Ho-Sang
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Shin
mesh_terms: D002219:Carbamates / Q000032:analysis*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D014966:Xanthenes / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D002219:Carbamates; D010575:Pesticides; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014966:Xanthenes; C009690:xanthydrol
keywords: Carbamate pesticides; Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry; Water; Xanthydrol derivatization