title: A novel chitosan based antimalarial drug delivery against Plasmodium berghei infection.
abstract: Chitosan is a natural polysaccharide that has attracted significant scientific interest during the last two decades and chitosan based nanodrug delivery systems seem to be a hopeful and viable strategy for improving disease treatment. This study aims to evaluate the potency of the polymer based nanochloroquine in application for attenuation of Plasmodium berghei infection in Swiss mice and effectiveness against the parasite induced oxidative stress and deoxyribo nucleic acid (DNA) damage in lymphocytes. Nanoparticle was prepared by ionotropic gelation between chitosan and sodium tripolyphosphate. The chloroquine was treated by the actual drug content of effective nanochloroquine and the nanodrug was charged with its effective dose for fifteen days, after successive infection development in Swiss mice. Gimsa staining of thin smear and flow cytometry analysis was pursued to reveal the parasitemia. Different oxidative markers, inflammatory markers, antioxidant enzymes level and also lymphocytic deoxyribo nucleic acid damage study were performed. The present study reveals the potency of the nanodrug which has been found as more prospective than only chloroquine treatment to combat the parasite infection, oxidative stress as well as inflammation and DNA damage. From the study, we conclude this nanodrug may be applicable as potent therapeutic agent than only chloroquine.
authors.affiliation: Immunology and Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Human Physiology with Community Health, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721 102, West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: Satyajit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tripathy
authors.forename: Santanu Kar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Mahapatra
authors.forename: Sourav
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chattopadhyay
authors.forename: Sabyasachi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: Sandeep Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Dash
authors.forename: Subrata
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Majumder
authors.forename: Panchanan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pramanik
authors.forename: Somenath
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Roy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D048271:Chitosan / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002738:Chloroquine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004249:DNA Damage; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D008288:Malaria / Q000188:drug therapy*; D051379:Mice; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D018512:Parasitemia / Q000188:drug therapy; D010962:Plasmodium berghei / Q000187:drug effects*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000962:Antimalarials; D004337:Drug Carriers; D002738:Chloroquine; D048271:Chitosan
keywords: 5′5′-dithio(bis)-2-nitrobenzoic acid; Anti-malarial drug; C-reactive proteinase; CQ; CRP; Chitosan; Chloroquine; DTNB; EDTA; FACS; GR; GSH; GSSG; H(2)O(2); IC; LDH; Lymphocytes; MDA; Malaria; NADPH; NCQ; Nanochloroquine; O-diamisidine; OPD; PBS; Plasmodium berghei; ROS; SGOT; SGPT; TBA; TBARS; TCA; ethylene diamine tetra acetate; fluorescence activated cell sorter; glutathione reductase; hydrogen peroxide; infected control; lactate dehydrogenase; malondialdehyde; nanochloroquine; nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate; oxidized glutathione; phosphate buffer saline; reactive oxygen species; reduced glutathione; serum glutamate oxalate transaminase; serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase; thiobutiric acid; thiobutiric acid reactive substance; trichloro acetic acid