title: Effects of individual and binary-combined commercial insecticides endosulfan, temephos, malathion and pirimiphos-methyl on biomarker responses in earthworm Eisenia andrei.
abstract: Laboratory tests were conducted in order to investigate the effects of individual and binary-combined commercial insecticides endosulfan, temephos, malathion and pirimiphos-methyl on the earthworm Eisenia andrei. The effects of individual insecticides were determined by measuring the activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), catalase (CAT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST). After exposure to studied insecticides, dose-dependent decrease in AChE activity and dose-dependent increase in CAT activity was recorded. The activity of GST was without consistent dose-response reaction, but generally the investigated insecticides caused the increase in GST activity. In order to determine the effects of binary-combined mixtures, and interactions between the components in the mixture, the relationship between effective concentration of AChE inhibition for mixture and effective concentration of AChE inhibition for each component in the mixture was investigated. The obtained results showed additive effect for mixtures endosulfan+malathion; endosulfan+pirimiphos-methyl; temephos+malathion and temephos+pirimiphos-methyl, synergistic effect for mixture endosulfan+temephos and in the case of mixture malathion+pirimiphos-methyl the antagonistic effect was indicated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stepić
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, 31000 Osijek, Croatia. Electronic address: hack@biologija.unios.hr.
authors.forename: Branimir K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Hackenberger
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
authors.forename: Mirna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Velki
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
authors.forename: Željka
authors.initials: Ž
authors.lastname: Lončarić
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
authors.forename: Davorka K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Hackenberger
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004726:Endosulfan / Q000633:toxicity*; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D008294:Malathion / Q000633:toxicity*; D009835:Oligochaeta / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D009946:Organothiophosphorus Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D000002:Temefos / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D007306:Insecticides; D009946:Organothiophosphorus Compounds; C014153:pirimiphos methyl; D002374:Catalase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D004726:Endosulfan; D000002:Temefos; D008294:Malathion
keywords: Biomarker; Earthworm; Insecticide; Mixture; Organochlorine; Organophosphate