title: Cadmium induced pathophysiology: prophylactic role of edible jute (Corchorus olitorius) leaves with special emphasis on oxidative stress and mitochondrial involvement.
abstract: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the protective effect of aqueous extract of Corchorus olitorius leaves (AECO) against CdCl₂ intoxication. In vitro bioassay on isolated mice hepatocytes confirmed dose dependent cytoprotective effect of AECO. The CdCl₂ (30 μM) exhibited a significantly increased levels of lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation along with the reduction of antioxidant enzymes and reduced glutathione levels in hepatocytes. AECO (200 and 400 μg/ml) + CdCl₂ (30 μM) could significantly restore the aforementioned oxidation parameters in hepatocytes. Beside this, AECO could significantly reduce Cd-induced increase in Bad/Bcl-2 ratio and the over-expression of NF-κB, caspase 3 and caspase 9. In in vivo assay, CdCl₂ (4 mg/kg body weight, for 6 days) treated rats exhibited a significantly increased intracellular Cd accumulation, oxidative stress and DNA fragmentation in the organs. In addition, the haematological parameters were significantly altered in the CdCl₂ treated rats. Simultaneous administration of AECO (50 and 100 mg/kg body weight), could significantly restore the biochemical, antioxidant and haematological parameters near to the normal status. Histological studies of the organs supported the protective role of jute leaves. Presence of substantial quantity of phenolic compounds and flavonoids in extract may be responsible for overall protective effect.
authors.affiliation: Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Raja S C Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India. Electronic address: s.dewanjee@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Saikat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dewanjee
authors.forename: Moumita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gangopadhyay
authors.forename: Ranabir
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sahu
authors.forename: Sarmila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Karmakar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D002104:Cadmium / Q000633:toxicity*; D019256:Cadmium Chloride / Q000633:toxicity; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D053453:Caspase 9 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D032381:Corchorus / Q000737:chemistry*; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D050050:Protein Carbonylation / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051025:bcl-Associated Death Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; C494820:Bad protein, mouse; D005419:Flavonoids; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010936:Plant Extracts; D051025:bcl-Associated Death Protein; D002104:Cadmium; C505409:Casp3 protein, mouse; C506434:Casp9 protein, mouse; D053148:Caspase 3; D053453:Caspase 9; D005978:Glutathione; D019256:Cadmium Chloride
keywords: Antioxidant; Cadmium toxicity; CdCl(2); Corchorus olitorius; Oxidative stress