title: Exploring a natural MDR reversal agent: potential of medicinal food supplement Nerium oleander leaf distillate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the molecular effects of Nerium oleander leaf distillate on paclitaxel and vincristine resistant (MCF-7/Pac and MCF-7/Vinc) cells and sensitive (MCF-7/S) cell lines.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nerium oleander (N. oleander) leaf extract was obtained by hydrodistillation method. The toxicological effects of N. oleander distillate, previously suggested as medicinal food supplement, on drug resistant cells were evaluated by XTT tests. MDR modulation potential of the plant material was evaluated by flow cytometry and fluorescent microscopy. Paclitaxel and vincristine were applied to the sublines in combination with N. oleander distillate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fractional inhibitory indices show that N. oleander distillate did not increase the antiproliferative effects of anticancer drugs. N. oleander treatment in to MCF-7/Pac and MCF-7/Vinc did not inhibit P-gp activity and MDR1 gene expression level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As a result it may be suggested that although N. oleander distillate has some medicinal effects as food supplement it may not be suitable as an MDR modulator for drug resistant breast cancer cells.
authors.affiliation: Selçuk University, Sarayönü Vocational High School, 42430 Konya, Turkey. meltem@selcuk.edu.tr
authors.forename: Meltem Demirel
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Kars
authors.forename: Ufuk
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Gündüz
authors.forename: Kamil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Uney
authors.forename: Ahmet Levent
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Baş
mesh_terms: D018435:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B; D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000032:analysis; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D061986:MCF-7 Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D030007:Nerium / Q000737:chemistry*; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000494:pharmacology; D010851:Picrates / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014750:Vincristine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C513055:ABCB1 protein, human; D018435:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B; D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D010851:Picrates; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014750:Vincristine; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl; D017239:Paclitaxel
keywords: FRSA activity; MCF-7; MDR reversal; Medicinal food supplement; Nerium oleander
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