title: Conservative and surgical treatment of the chronic Charcot foot and ankle.
abstract: Charcot neuroarthropathy (CN) is a severe joint disease in the foot and ankle that can result in fracture, permanent deformity, and limb loss. It is a serious and potentially limb-threatening lower-extremity late complication of diabetes mellitus. The aim of this manuscript was to evaluate modern concepts of chronic CN through a review of the available literature and to integrate a perspective of management from the authors' extensive experience.
authors.affiliation: Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet Fatih
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Güven
authors.forename: Atakan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karabiber
authors.forename: Gökhan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kaynak
authors.forename: Tahir
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oğüt
keywords: Charcot foot; arthrodesis; diabetes mellitus; diabetic neuropathy; total contact cast
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