title: Comprehensive consideration and design for treatment of square face.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  From an East Asian traditional esthetic viewpoint, a soft facial appearance seems to be more attractive. A prominent mandibular angle, a high zygomatic bone, and an inharmonious chin strongly lessen the attributes of femininity. Attention should be paid to the zygomatic projection and square mandible from the frontal view and the gonial angle and mental region configuration from the lateral view to obtain a slender oval face (melon seed face).
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 2005 through December 2010, 47 patients underwent a combination of 4 operative techniques to reshape a square face: L-shaped osteotomy, V-line osteotomy, mandibular outer cortex splitting ostectomy, and sliding genioplasty.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Outcomes in and feedback information from patients showed that these methods made the square face look more harmonious, with significant improvement of the middle and lower facial contours.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Asians with a square face have different combinations of facial features; thus, surgeries should be customized and designed comprehensively to achieve optimal results.
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yuchun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Ashish
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khadka
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jihua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000601:surgery; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People / Q000523:psychology*; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods; D002610:Cheek / Q000601:surgery; D002680:Chin / Q000002:abnormalities; D003357:Cosmetic Techniques; D004954:Esthetics; D005145:Face; D005202:Asia, Eastern; D005260:Female; D057227:Femininity; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D063172:Genioplasty / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008334:Mandible / Q000601:surgery*; D008406:Masseter Muscle / Q000601:surgery; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000379:methods; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010781:Photography / Q000379:methods; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult; D015050:Zygoma / Q000601:surgery