title: Distinct population structure for co-occurring Anopheles goeldii and Anopheles triannulatus in Amazonian Brazil.
abstract: To evaluate whether environmental heterogeneity contributes to the genetic heterogeneity in Anopheles triannulatus, larval habitat characteristics across the Brazilian states of Roraima and Pará and genetic sequences were examined. A comparison with Anopheles goeldii was utilised to determine whether high genetic diversity was unique to An. triannulatus. Student t test and analysis of variance found no differences in habitat characteristics between the species. Analysis of population structure of An. triannulatus and An. goeldii revealed distinct demographic histories in a largely overlapping geographic range. Cytochrome oxidase I sequence parsimony networks found geographic clustering for both species; however nuclear marker networks depicted An. triannulatus with a more complex history of fragmentation, secondary contact and recent divergence. Evidence of Pleistocene expansions suggests both species are more likely to be genetically structured by geographic and ecological barriers than demography. We hypothesise that niche partitioning is a driving force for diversity, particularly in An. triannulatus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA. smckeon@bluecc.edu
authors.forename: Sascha Naomi
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: McKeon
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.forename: Maria Anise
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sallum
authors.forename: Marinete Marins
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Povoa
authors.forename: Jan Evelyn
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Conn
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D001938:Brazil; D059647:Gene-Environment Interaction; D014644:Genetic Variation / Q000235:genetics*; D005843:Geography; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D011156:Population Density
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