title: Levels of potential oral cancer salivary mRNA biomarkers in oral cancer patients in remission and oral lichen planus patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To gather preliminary data concerning the feasibility of using seven salivary mRNAs-IL-8; IL-1β; dual specificity phosphatase 1 (DUSP1); H3 histone family 3A (H3F3A); ornithin decarboxylase antizyme 1 (OAZ1); S100 calcium-binding protein P (S100P); and spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase 1 (SAT1)-for detecting development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in oral lichen planus (OLP) patients and OSCC patients whose disease was in remission.
  
  
  METHODS
  Saliva samples were collected from five study groups (25 subjects/group): newly diagnosed OSCC, OSCC-in-remission, disease-active OLP, disease-inactive OLP, and normal controls. The salivary mRNA levels were determined by a pre-amplification RT-qPCR approach with nested gene-specific primers. Mean fold changes between each pair of study groups were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney U test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Salivary levels of OAZ1, S100P, and DUSP1 mRNAs were significantly higher in newly diagnosed OSCC patients, compared to: (1) normal controls (p = 0.003; p = 0.003; and p < 0.001, respectively); (2) OSCC-in-remission (p < 0.001; p = 0.001; and p < 0.001, respectively); (3) disease-active OLP (p < 0.001; p = 0.016; and p < 0.001, respectively); and (4) disease-inactive OLP (p = 0.043; p < 0.001; and p < 0.001, respectively). No significant differences were found in the levels of salivary IL-8, IL-1β, H3F3A, and SAT1 mRNAs between newly diagnosed OSCC patients and the normal controls (p = 0.093, 0.327, 0.764, and 0.560, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Salivary OAZ1, S100P, and DUSP1 mRNAs are candidate biomarkers for detecting OSCC development in OSCC patients in remission and in OLP patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study serve as the basis for a further large-scale study which may lead to a non-invasive screening method for early detection of OSCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Texas A&M University-Baylor College of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Ave, Dallas, TX, USA, ycheng@bcd.tamhsc.edu.
authors.forename: Yi-Shing Lisa
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Lee
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jordan
authors.forename: Terry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rees
authors.forename: Huey-Shys
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Lance
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Oxford
authors.forename: Ole
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Brinkmann
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D017676:Lichen Planus, Oral / Q000378:metabolism*; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism*; D012074:Remission Induction
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D012333:RNA, Messenger
references.citation: Oral Oncol. 2011 Jan;47(1):51-5
references.pmid: 21109482
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Apr 26;91(9):3959-63
references.pmid: 8171019
references.citation: J Invest Dermatol. 1995 May;104(5):784-8
references.pmid: 7738356
references.citation: Amino Acids. 2011 Oct;41(4):885-92
references.pmid: 20155429
references.citation: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2012 Apr;21(4):664-72
references.pmid: 22301830
references.citation: Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1993 Sep 20;694:72-7
references.pmid: 8215087
references.citation: Clin Immunol. 2005 Mar;114(3):278-83
references.pmid: 15721838
references.citation: Regul Pept. 2011 Jan 17;166(1-3):55-8
references.pmid: 20727373
references.citation: Oral Oncol. 2010 Apr;46(4):226-31
references.pmid: 20138569
references.citation: Clin Chem. 2008 May;54(5):824-32
references.pmid: 18356245
references.citation: Cancer Res. 1999 Dec 15;59(24):6109-12
references.pmid: 10626799
references.citation: Oral Oncol. 2007 May;43(5):440-54
references.pmid: 16978912
references.citation: Biochem J. 2009 Mar 15;418(3):475-89
references.pmid: 19228121
references.citation: Oncogene. 1999 Jan 7;18(1):165-72
references.pmid: 9926931
references.citation: Amino Acids. 2007 Aug;33(2):213-23
references.pmid: 17443268
references.citation: J Oral Pathol Med. 2008 Nov;37(10):607-15
references.pmid: 18705642
references.citation: Cancer Res. 1988 Feb 15;48(4):759-74
references.pmid: 3123052
references.citation: Eur J Surg Oncol. 2008 Apr;34(4):357-64
references.pmid: 17566693
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1976 Jun;73(6):1858-62
references.pmid: 1064859
references.citation: Clin Cancer Res. 2004 Dec 15;10(24):8442-50
references.pmid: 15623624
references.citation: Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2012 Aug;114(2):215-22
references.pmid: 22769407
references.citation: Cytokine. 2008 Feb;41(2):144-9
references.pmid: 18222093
references.citation: Mol Carcinog. 2005 Oct;44(2):77-82
references.pmid: 16075467
references.citation: Oral Oncol. 2011 Dec;47(12):1122-6
references.pmid: 21868280
references.citation: Nucleic Acids Res. 2001 May 1;29(9):e45
references.pmid: 11328886
references.citation: Biochemistry. 2007 Aug 7;46(31):8920-32
references.pmid: 17630775
references.citation: Oncogene. 2001 Jan 4;20(1):24-33
references.pmid: 11244502