title: Vitellogenin recognizes cell damage through membrane binding and shields living cells from reactive oxygen species.
abstract: Large lipid transfer proteins are involved in lipid transportation and diverse other molecular processes. These serum proteins include vitellogenins, which are egg yolk precursors and pathogen pattern recognition receptors, and apolipoprotein B, which is an anti-inflammatory cholesterol carrier. In the honey bee, vitellogenin acts as an antioxidant, and elevated vitellogenin titer is linked to prolonged life span in this animal. Here, we show that vitellogenin has cell and membrane binding activity and that it binds preferentially to dead and damaged cells. Vitellogenin binds directly to phosphatidylcholine liposomes and with higher affinity to liposomes containing phosphatidylserine, a lipid of the inner leaflet of cell membranes that is exposed in damaged cells. Vitellogenin binding to live cells, furthermore, improves cell oxidative stress tolerance. This study can shed more light on why large lipid transfer proteins have a well conserved α-helical domain, because we locate the lipid bilayer-binding ability of vitellogenin largely to this region. We suggest that recognition of cell damage and oxidation shield properties are two mechanisms that allow vitellogenin to extend honey bee life span.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432 Aas, Norway.
authors.forename: Heli
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Havukainen
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Münch
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baumann
authors.forename: Shi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.forename: Øyvind
authors.initials: Ø
authors.lastname: Halskau
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krogsgaard
authors.forename: Gro V
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Amdam
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D001516:Bees / Q000166:cytology*; D016923:Cell Death; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism*; D002469:Cell Separation; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D008051:Lipid Bilayers / Q000378:metabolism; D008081:Liposomes / Q000378:metabolism; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010802:Phylogeny; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D061987:Sf9 Cells; D014819:Vitellogenins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D008051:Lipid Bilayers; D008081:Liposomes; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014819:Vitellogenins
keywords: Cell Death; Insect; Lipoprotein; Liposomes; Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
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