title: GATA-3 is down-regulated in patients with clear cell renal carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  GATA-3 is a transcription factor involved in human growth and development. Recent studies found its association with breast cancer, however, its expression profile in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has not been investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 35 patients submitted to radical nephrectomy with confirmed pathological diagnosis of RCC. Normal control kidney tissues were obtained from 25 living kidney donors and tissues were biopsied before implantation. The majority of RCC samples were diagnosed as clear cell renal cell carcinoma (94.3%) except for 1 case of papillary RCC and 1 case of collecting duct carcinoma. GATA-3 expression was evaluated by quantitative PCR and Western blotting (WB) in RCC samples and normal kidneys respectively, immunohistochemical staining was performed as well. Meanwhile, the GATA-3 expression in two cancer cell lines (786-O, ACHN) and normal kidney epithelial cells (HK-2) was detected by PCR and WB. In addition, renal cancer cells and HK-2 cells were cultivated and detected by confocal microscopy for the exact intra-cellular localization of GATA-3.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data showed a significant down-regulation of GATA-3 expression present in neoplastic tissues compared with normal tissues; similarly, GATA-3 was significantly attenuated in all renal cancer cell lines compared with normal HK-2 cells. Confocal displayed a strong cytoplasmic immno-fluorescence activity of GATA-3 with peri-nuclear zone in HK-2, whereas the intensity in cancer cells was markedly weaker than that of HK-2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In summary, our present study clarifies that the aberrant expression profile of GATA-3 in human RCC is possibly involved with tumorigenesis, and the complicated mechanism is worthy of further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China.
authors.forename: F Q
authors.initials: FQ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Y F
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Che
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000378:metabolism*; D015536:Down-Regulation; D050990:GATA3 Transcription Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D050990:GATA3 Transcription Factor; C494749:GATA3 protein, human
keywords: Cáncer renal; Factor de transcripción; GATA binding protein 3; Kidney; Proteína de unión GATA-3; Renal cancer; Riñón; Transcription factor