title: Acceptability and tolerability of liquid versus gel and standard versus virucidal alcohol-based hand rub formulations among dental students.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hand hygiene is effective to prevent the transmission of microorganisms in health care settings, but compliance remains low, even when easy access to hand cleaning agents is provided.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Formulation of alcohol-based hand rub (ABHRs) may influence staff compliance to hand hygiene. The aim of this prospective longitudinal study (1 week) was to investigate possible differences of 4 different gel or liquid ABHR formulations, with or without virucidal claim among dental students.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were randomly assigned to dental treatment cubicles, equipped with either a gel or a liquid based ABHRs, with our without a virucidal claim. Participants assessed the subjective acceptability and the tolerability of test formulations on their hands over a period of 1 week using the 14 item, 7-point Lickert scale World Health Organization questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All tested ABHRs passed the subjective acceptability criteria of ≥50% above 4 for the items "color and fragrance" and for all other items of >75% above 4 and may be regarded as "good." Significant differences were observed between the 2 gels but not between the 2 liquid ABHRs. For subjective skin tolerability, no significant difference was observed between the liquid formulations after 1 consecutive week of application. However, the difference between the 2 gels was highly significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Virucidal ABHR formulations may be better accepted and tolerated over prolonged periods by dental students than anticipated. The user acceptability of ABHRs depend more on the specific product's formula than its general category.
authors.affiliation: Division for Infection Control, Bernhard Gottlieb University Clinic of Dentistry, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Fritz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Stauffer
authors.forename: Marion
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Griess
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pleininger
authors.forename: Anara
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zhumadilova
authors.forename: Ojan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Assadian
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000438:Alcohols / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D005260:Female; D005782:Gels / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006235:Hand Disinfection / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011897:Random Allocation; D012996:Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013335:Students, Dental; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000438:Alcohols; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D005782:Gels; D012996:Solutions
keywords: Comparison; Compliance; Dentistry; Epidemiology; Hand hygiene; WHO