title: Intracardiac flow visualization: current status and future directions.
abstract: Non-invasive cardiovascular imaging initially focused on heart structures, allowing the visualization of their motion and inferring its functional status from it. Colour-Doppler and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) have allowed a visual approach to intracardiac flow behaviour, as well as measuring its velocity at single selected spots. Recently, the application of new technologies to medical use and, particularly, to cardiology has allowed, through different algorithms in CMR and applications of ultrasound-related techniques, the description and analysis of flow behaviour in all points and directions of the selected region, creating the opportunity to incorporate new data reflecting cardiac performance to cardiovascular imaging. The following review provides an overview of the currently available imaging techniques that enable flow visualization, as well as its present and future applications based on the available literature and on-going works.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Ctra. de Colmenar, Km 9, 100, PO 28031 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rodriguez Muñoz
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Markl
authors.forename: José Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Moya Mur
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barker
authors.forename: Covadonga
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fernández-Golfín
authors.forename: Patrizio
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lancellotti
authors.forename: José Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Zamorano Gómez
mesh_terms: D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D018618:Echocardiography, Doppler, Color / Q000592:standards* / Q000639:trends; D005260:Female; D005544:Forecasting; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000592:standards* / Q000639:trends; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000592:standards*; D019028:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine / Q000592:standards* / Q000639:trends; D008297:Male; D055414:Myocardial Perfusion Imaging; D011786:Quality Control; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
keywords: Flow mapping; Intracardiac flow; Multimodality imaging; Vortex flow
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