title: Behavioral Landscapes and Change in Behavioral Landscapes: A Multiple Time-Scale Density Distribution Approach.
abstract: In developmental arenas, it is well accepted that multiple observations are needed to obtain a robust characterization of individuals' behavioral tendencies across time and context. In this paper, we fuse core ideas from the study of lifespan development with intraindividual variability based approaches to personality and methods used to characterize the topography of geographic landscapes. We generalize the notion of density distributions into bivariate and multivariate space and draw parallels between the resulting behavioral landscapes and geographic landscapes. We illustrate through an empirical example how multiple time-scale study designs, measures of intraindividual variability, and methods borrowed from geography can be used to describe both an individual'sbehavioral landscapeandchanges in the behavioral landscape.
authors.affiliation: Pennsylvania State University ; Max Planck Institute for Human Development.
authors.forename: Nilam
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ram
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Coccia
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Conroy
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lorek
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Orland
authors.forename: Aaron
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pincus
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sliwinski
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gerstorf
keywords: ecological momentary assessment; emotional variability; intensive longitudinal data; longitudinal analysis
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