title: Effects of oxidative stress on apoptosis in manganese-induced testicular toxicity in cocks.
abstract: Manganese (Mn) is a trace element known to be essential for maintaining the proper function and regulation of many biochemical and cellular reactions. However, little is known about the reproductive toxicity of Mn in birds. To investigate the toxicity of Mn on male reproduction in birds, 50-day-old cocks were fed either a commercial diet or a Mn-supplemented diet containing 600, 900, and 1800 mg/kg MnCl₂. After being treated with Mn for 30, 60, and 90 d, the following were determined: Mn content; histological and ultrastructural changes in the testes, apoptosis; the malondialdehyde (MDA) level; the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD); the inhibition ability of hydroxyl radicals (OH); the levels of nitric oxide (NO), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and protein carbonyl in the testes; the DNA-protein crosslinks (DPC); and the activity of the ATP enzyme. Exposure to Mn significantly lowered the activity of SOD and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and the inhibition ability of OH. Mn exposure also increased the levels of MDA, NO, NOS, DPC, and protein carbonyl; the number of apoptotic cells; and the Mn content and caused obvious histopathological changes in the testes. These findings suggested that Mn exposure resulted in the oxidative damage of cock testicular tissue by altering radical formation, ATP enzyme systems, apoptosis, and DNA damage, which are possible underlying reproductive toxicity mechanisms induced by Mn exposure.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Food Science and Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, PR China. Electronic address: liuxiaofei72@163.com.
authors.forename: Xiao-fei
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Li-ming
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Hua-nan
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.forename: Zi-wei
authors.initials: ZW
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Shi-wen
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002645:Chickens; D002712:Chlorides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D008345:Manganese / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D017895:Manganese Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D050050:Protein Carbonylation / Q000187:drug effects; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D013737:Testis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002712:Chlorides; D017895:Manganese Compounds; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical; D008345:Manganese; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; C025340:manganese chloride
keywords: ATP enzyme; Apoptosis; Manganese; Oxidative stress; Testis