title: Cells of the immune system orchestrate changes in bone cell function.
abstract: There is a complex interplay between the cells of the immune system and bone. Immune cells, such as T and NK cells, are able to enhance osteoclast formation via the production of RANKL. Yet there is increasing evidence to show that during the resolution of inflammation or as a consequence of increased osteoclastogenesis there is an anabolic response via the formation of more osteoblasts. Furthermore, osteoblasts themselves are involved in the control of immune cell function, thus promoting the resolution of inflammation. Hence, the concept of "coupling"-how bone formation is linked to resorption-needs to be more inclusive rather than restricting our focus to osteoblast-osteoclast interactions as in a whole organism these cells are never in isolation. This review will investigate the role of immune cells in normal bone homeostasis and in inflammatory diseases where the balance between resorption and formation is lost.
authors.affiliation: Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK.
authors.forename: Sarah E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Wythe
authors.forename: Vicky
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Nicolaidou
authors.forename: Nicole J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Horwood
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010011:Osteocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology