title: Synergistic activation of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated glial cells by propofol.
abstract: Despite the extensive use of propofol in general anesthetic procedures, the effects of propofol on glial cell were not completely understood. In lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated rat primary astrocytes and BV2 microglial cell lines, co-treatment of propofol synergistically induced inflammatory activation as evidenced by the increased production of NO, ROS and expression of iNOS, MMP-9 and several cytokines. Propofol augmented the activation of JNK and p38 MAPKs induced by LPS and the synergistic activation of glial cells by propofol was prevented by pretreatment of JNK and p38 inhibitors. When we treated BV2 cell culture supernatants treated with LPS plus propofol on cultured rat primary neuron, it induced a significant neuronal cell death. The results suggest that the repeated use of propofol in immunologically challenged situation may induce glial activation in brain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and SMART-IABS, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Myung
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: So Yeon
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: So Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Joo
authors.forename: Jae Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Cheong
authors.forename: Sung-Il
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Chan Young
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Bon Nyeo
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Koo
mesh_terms: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000166:cytology; D016923:Cell Death; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000378:metabolism*; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4 / Q000378:metabolism; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects*; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D015742:Propofol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D016207:Cytokines; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496318:Nos2 protein, rat; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; C572337:Mmp9 protein, rat; D015742:Propofol
keywords: Cytokines; JNK; Neuronal death; iNOS; p38