title: Advanced glycation endproducts in children with diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate skin content of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) by measurements of skin intrinsic fluorescence (SIF) from youth with diabetes in comparison with a population of youth and adults without diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a specialized instrument, skin AGEs were estimated from skin auto-fluorescence induced at 420 nm and corrected for skin pigmentation (SIF420[kx0.5, km0.5]) in children with types 1 and 2 diabetes, as well as children and adults without diabetes. The effect of age, sex, ethnicity, and diabetes status on SIF420[kx0.5, km0.5] was analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SIF420[kx0.5, km0.5] increased with chronologic age and was higher in children with diabetes compared with children without diabetes (P = .0001). SIF420[kx0.5, km0.5] from 43% of children with type 1 diabetes and 55% with type 2 diabetes overlapped the range of adults without diabetes. SIF420[kx0.5, km0.5] was higher in girls than boys in patients with diabetes patients. However, there was no effect of sex or race on SIF420[kx0.5, km0.5] in subjects without diabetes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After 4-6 years' exposure to diabetes, many children will have precociously high estimates of skin AGEs, comparable with levels that would naturally accumulate only after ∼25 years of chronologic aging. Potentially, this technology identifies children who are at increased risk for complications.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Endocrinology/Diabetes, Louisiana State University-Health Sciences Center and Children's Hospital, New Orleans, LA.
authors.forename: Shreepal
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Eileen A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Baez
authors.forename: Dania L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Felipe
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Maynard
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hempe
authors.forename: Stuart A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Chalew
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005453:Fluorescence; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced
keywords: AGE; Advanced glycation endproduct; HbA1c; Hemoglobin A1c; LED; Light-emitting diode; SIF; Skin intrinsic fluorescence