title: Fate of adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction cells after co-implantation with fat grafts: evidence of cell survival and differentiation in ischemic adipose tissue.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Some studies have suggested that adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction is a potential cell source responsible for the improved quality and long-term retention of fat grafts, but studies that have clearly demonstrated the survival and differentiation potential of the implanted stromal vascular fraction cells as being dynamic phenomena have not been widely reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors isolated stromal vascular fraction cells from C57BL/6J-GFP mice. Green fluorescence protein-positive stromal vascular fraction cells were mixed with minced inguinal adipose tissue harvested from C57BL/6J mice and then co-implanted into BALB/c nude mice. The survival of implanted green fluorescence protein-positive stromal vascular fraction cells was tracked by in vivo fluorescence imaging for 56 days. Immunofluorescence staining was used to analyze the differentiation of green fluorescence protein-positive stromal vascular fraction cells occurring in ischemic adipose tissue at 7, 14, 28, 35, 42, or 56 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The fluorescence signal intensity fell drastically within the first 14 days after co-implantation and continued to decrease thereafter, with 17.3 percent signal intensity (relative to day 1) at 56 days. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that some green fluorescence protein-positive cells can spontaneously differentiate into adipocytes from day 7, and some of the implanted stromal vascular fraction cells can incorporate into new blood vessels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The authors show convincing evidence for dynamic changes of stromal vascular fraction cells after co-implantation with fat grafts. The results prove the principle that implanted stromal vascular fraction cells can survive in the ischemic microenvironment of fat grafts and participate in the process of adipogenesis and angiogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Beijing, People's Republic of China From the Breast Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Center, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Plastic Surgery Institute, and the Department of Pathology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College.
authors.forename: Su
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Luan
authors.forename: Minqiang
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xin
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Yunzhou
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000637:transplantation; D050156:Adipogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000637:transplantation*; D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006084:Graft Rejection; D006085:Graft Survival; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D007511:Ischemia / Q000503:physiopathology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D011897:Random Allocation; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000637:transplantation*
chemical_list: D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins
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