title: Clinical marine toxicology: a European perspective for clinical toxicologists and poison centers.
abstract: Clinical marine toxicology is a rapidly changing area. Many of the new discoveries reported every year in Europe involve ecological disturbances--including global warming--that have induced modifications in the chorology, behavior, and toxicity of many species of venomous or poisonous aquatic life including algae, ascidians, fish and shellfish. These changes have raised a number of public issues associated, e.g., poisoning after ingestion of contaminated seafood, envenomation by fish stings, and exposure to harmful microorganism blooms. The purpose of this review of medical and scientific literature in marine toxicology is to highlight the growing challenges induced by ecological disturbances that confront clinical toxicologists during the everyday job in the European Poison Centers.
authors.affiliation: Centre Antipoison, Hôpital Sainte Marguerite, 270 Boulevard Sainte Marguerite, Marseille 13009, France.
authors.forename: Corinne
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schmitt
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: De Haro
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003063:Cnidaria / Q000254:growth & development; D003064:Cnidarian Venoms / Q000378:metabolism; D004141:Dinoflagellida / Q000378:metabolism; D005060:Europe; D005399:Fishes / Q000378:metabolism; D005506:Food Contamination; D008387:Marine Toxins / Q000633:toxicity*; D008974:Mollusca / Q000378:metabolism; D011039:Poison Control Centers; D012624:Seaweed / Q000378:metabolism; D057096:Shellfish Poisoning / Q000503:physiopathology; D014116:Toxicology / Q000639:trends*; D014561:Urochordata / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D003064:Cnidarian Venoms; D008387:Marine Toxins
references.citation: Contact Dermatitis. 2005 May;52(5):282-3
references.pmid: 15899003
references.citation: Toxicon. 2009 Nov;54(6):754-62
references.pmid: 19505493
references.citation: Rev Neurol (Paris). 2010 Mar;166(3):337-40
references.pmid: 19665158
references.citation: Toxicon. 2010 Dec;56(8):1516-9
references.pmid: 20692274
references.citation: Emerg Med J. 2013 Nov;30(11):954-5
references.pmid: 23307757
references.citation: Toxicon. 2008 Dec 15;52(8):964-8
references.pmid: 18976681
references.citation: Anal Chem. 2010 Jul 15;82(14):6032-9
references.pmid: 20557036
references.citation: Mar Drugs. 2008;6(3):496-513
references.pmid: 19005582
references.citation: Toxicon. 2012 May;59(6):617-25
references.pmid: 22361384
references.citation: Mar Pollut Bull. 2010 Jul;60(7):954-63
references.pmid: 20553695
references.citation: Med Trop (Mars). 2005 Sep;65(4):304
references.pmid: 16548479
references.citation: Toxicon. 2010 Oct;56(5):829-35
references.pmid: 19895826
references.citation: Toxicon. 1989;27(9):1051-3
references.pmid: 2572075
references.citation: Prog Mol Subcell Biol. 2006;43:53-82
references.pmid: 17153338
references.citation: Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2011 Oct;49(8):767
references.pmid: 21867366
references.citation: Toxicon. 2012 Sep 1;60(3):378-84
references.pmid: 22534073
references.citation: Vet Hum Toxicol. 2003 Aug;45(4):214-6
references.pmid: 12882495
references.citation: Toxicon. 2007 May;49(6):827-32
references.pmid: 17250862
references.citation: Toxicon. 1989;27(7):823-4
references.pmid: 2571201
references.citation: Toxicon. 1995 Oct;33(10):1373-7
references.pmid: 8599188
references.citation: Toxicon. 2008 Mar 1;51(3):418-27
references.pmid: 18067938
references.citation: J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 2003;41(7):927-30
references.pmid: 14705836
references.citation: J Food Prot. 2009 Apr;72(4):810-7
references.pmid: 19435231
references.citation: Euro Surveill. 2012 Jun 07;17(23):
references.pmid: 22720739
references.citation: Toxicon. 2011 Mar 1;57(3):478-95
references.pmid: 21255599
references.citation: Biol Lett. 2010 Oct 23;6(5):688-91
references.pmid: 20375044
references.citation: Toxicon. 2006 Nov;48(6):713-6
references.pmid: 16962626
references.citation: Euro Surveill. 2008 Nov 06;13(45):pii: 19027
references.pmid: 19000571
references.citation: Toxicon. 2009 Jul;54(1):50-5
references.pmid: 19303896
references.citation: Mar Drugs. 2012 Feb;10(2):477-496
references.pmid: 22412814
references.citation: Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2012 Aug;50(7):567-70
references.pmid: 22780958
references.citation: Presse Med. 2013 Sep;42(9 Pt 1):1281-3
references.pmid: 23453506
references.citation: Anal Chem. 2006 Sep 1;78(17):6153-9
references.pmid: 16944897
references.citation: Toxicon. 1988;26(1):105-7
references.pmid: 2894726
references.citation: Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2010 Oct;48(8):839-44
references.pmid: 20923395
references.citation: Med Trop (Mars). 2005 Sep;65(4):367-9
references.pmid: 16548492
references.citation: Toxicon. 1999 Jan;37(1):55-65
references.pmid: 9920480
references.citation: Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2006;44(2):185-8
references.pmid: 16615678
references.citation: Vet Res. 2003 Jul-Aug;34(4):361-77
references.pmid: 12911854