title: Expression variations of chromogranin A and α1,2,4 GABA(A)Rs in discrete limbic and brainstem areas rescue cardiovascular alterations.
abstract: Recent interferences of hemodynamic functions via modified brain neuronal mechanisms have proven to be major causes of dementia and sleeping disorders. In this work, cerebral expression differences of the neuroactive vesicular chromogranin A (CgA) and distinct α GABA(A)R subunits were detected in the facultative hibernating hamster. In particular, damaged neuronal fields of hypotensive torpor (TORP) state were correlated to elevated CgA and GABA(A)R α1, α4 mRNA levels in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN), central amygdalar nucleus (CeA) plus solitary tractus nucleus (NTS). Conversely, few neurodegeneration signals of hypertensive arousal (AROU) state, accounted for mostly lower CgA levels in the same areas. This state also provided increased α2-containing sites in amygdala, hippocampal and NTS neurons together with elevated α4-containing receptors in the periventricular hypothalamic nucleus (Pe). Interestingly in our hibernating model, CgA appeared to preferentially feature inhibitory neurosignals as indicated by preliminary perfusion of amygdalar sites with its highly specific antihypertensive derived peptide (catestatin) promoting GABA-dependent sIPSCs. Overall, evident neuronal damages plus altered expression capacities of CgA and α1-, α2-, α4-GABA(A)Rs in CeA, Pe, PVN as well as NTS during both hibernating states corroborate for the first time key molecular switching events guaranteeing useful cardiovascular rescuing abilities of neurodegenerative disorders.
authors.affiliation: Comparative Neuroanatomy Laboratory, University of Calabria, Ponte P. Bucci 4B, 87030 Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy; Health Center srl, via Alimena 6, 87100 Cosenza, Italy; VA San Diego Healthcare System/Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0838, USA.
authors.forename: Ennio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Avolio
authors.forename: Rosa Maria
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Facciolo
authors.forename: Raffaella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Alò
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mele
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carelli
authors.forename: Alessia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Canonaco
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mosciaro
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Talani
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Biggio
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sanna
authors.forename: Sushil K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Mahata
authors.forename: Marcello
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Canonaco
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001933:Brain Stem / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000378:metabolism; D053379:Chromogranin A / Q000378:metabolism*; D006224:Cricetinae; D006605:Hibernation; D008032:Limbic System / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008647:Mesocricetus; D009474:Neurons / Q000473:pathology; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D053379:Chromogranin A; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A
keywords: Catestatin; Hibernating states; Inhibitory neurosignals; Neuroactive vesicular glycoproteins; Neurodegeneration events