title: Association between APOE, SCARB1, PPARα polymorphisms and serum lipids in a population of Lithuanian adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dyslipidemia is one of several known risk factors for coronary heart disease, a leading cause of death in Lithuania. Blood lipid levels are influenced by multiple genetic and environmental factors. Epidemiological studies demonstrated the impact of nutrition on lipid levels within the Lithuanian population although the role of genetic factors for dyslipidemias has not yet been studied. The objective of this study was to assess the distribution of the APOE, SCARB1, PPARα genotypes in the Lithuanian adult population and to determine the relationship of these genotypes with dyslipidemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional health survey was carried out in a representative random sample of the Lithuanian population aged 25-64 (n=1030). A variety of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the APOE (rs429358 and rs7412), SCARB1 (rs5888) and PPARα (rs1800206) genes were assessed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Serum lipids were determined using enzymatic methods.
  Men and women with the APOE2 genotype had the lowest level of total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Men with the APOE2 genotype had significantly higher levels of triglycerides (TG) than those with the APOE3 genotype. In men, the carriers of the APOE4 genotype had higher odds ratios (OR) of reduced (<1.0 mmol/L) high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels versus APOE3 carriers (OR=1.98; 95% CI=1.05-3.74). The odds of having elevated (>1.7 mmol/L) TG levels was significantly lower in SCARB1 genotype CT carriers compared to men with the SCARB1 genotype CC (OR=0.50; 95% CI=0.31-0.79). In men, carriers of the PPARα genotype CG had higher OR of elevated TG levels versus carriers of PPARα genotype CC (OR=2.67; 95% CI=1.15-6.16). The odds of having high LDL-C levels were lower in women with the APOE2 genotype as compared to APOE3 genotype carriers (OR=0.35; 95% CI=0.22-0.57).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest a gender difference in the associations between APOE, SCARB1, PPARα genotypes and lipid levels. In men, the APOE4 genotype and PPARα genotype CG were correlated with an atherogenic lipid profile while the SCARB1 genotype CT had an atheroprotective effect. In women, APOE2 carriers had the lowest odds of high LDL-C.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Institute of Cardiology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.
authors.forename: Alina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Smalinskiene
authors.forename: Janina
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Petkeviciene
authors.forename: Dalia
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Luksiene
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jureniene
authors.forename: Jurate
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Klumbiene
authors.forename: Vaiva
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lesauskaite
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D006801:Humans; D008097:Lithuania; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D047493:PPAR alpha / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D051122:Scavenger Receptors, Class B / Q000235:genetics*; D012727:Sex Characteristics
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D047493:PPAR alpha; C495124:SCARB1 protein, human; D051122:Scavenger Receptors, Class B
references.citation: Eur Heart J. 2012 Jul;33(13):1635-701
references.pmid: 22555213
references.citation: Hum Hered. 2007;64(2):107-13
references.pmid: 17476110
references.citation: Lipids Health Dis. 2013 Mar 05;12:24
references.pmid: 23510561
references.citation: Clin Chem Lab Med. 2008;46(2):179-86
references.pmid: 18324906
references.citation: Genet Epidemiol. 1992;9(3):155-67
references.pmid: 1381696
references.citation: Curr Opin Lipidol. 2010 Dec;21(6):548-9
references.pmid: 21206343
references.citation: Ann Intern Med. 2004 Jul 20;141(2):137-47
references.pmid: 15262670
references.citation: Atherosclerosis. 2004 Jul;175(1):159-68
references.pmid: 15186961
references.citation: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1999 Jul;19(7):1734-43
references.pmid: 10397692
references.citation: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003 Jun;88(6):2869-79
references.pmid: 12788901
references.citation: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2002 May 1;22(5):805-10
references.pmid: 12006394
references.citation: PLoS One. 2009 Oct 05;4(10):e7341
references.pmid: 19806217
references.citation: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005 Apr;25(4):854-60
references.pmid: 15681296
references.citation: Atherosclerosis. 2012 Apr;221(2):467-70
references.pmid: 22365656
references.citation: Medicina (Kaunas). 2008;44(8):633-9
references.pmid: 18791341
references.citation: J Lipid Res. 2000 Jun;41(6):945-52
references.pmid: 10828087
references.citation: Mol Genet Metab. 2007 Feb;90(2):205-9
references.pmid: 17129741
references.citation: Arch Intern Med. 2009 Aug 10;169(15):1424-9
references.pmid: 19667307
references.citation: Diabetes. 1997 Aug;46(8):1319-27
references.pmid: 9231657
references.citation: J Lipid Res. 1996 May;37(5):907-25
references.pmid: 8725145
references.citation: Endocrinology. 1996 Jan;137(1):354-66
references.pmid: 8536636
references.citation: J Lipid Res. 1984 Dec 1;25(12):1277-94
references.pmid: 6099394
references.citation: Pharmacogenetics. 2003 Jul;13(7):417-23
references.pmid: 12835617
references.citation: J Med Genet. 2003 Jun;40(6):453-8
references.pmid: 12807968
references.citation: BMC Public Health. 2011 Jun 08;11:447
references.pmid: 21651754
references.citation: JAMA. 2007 Sep 19;298(11):1300-11
references.pmid: 17878422
references.citation: Atherosclerosis. 2012 Feb;220(2):486-92
references.pmid: 22071360
references.citation: BMC Public Health. 2012 Mar 21;12:218
references.pmid: 22436087
references.citation: J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000 Apr;35(5):1192-9
references.pmid: 10758960
references.citation: Hum Hered. 2003;55(4):163-70
references.pmid: 14566094
references.citation: Adv Protein Chem. 1994;45:249-302
references.pmid: 8154371
references.citation: J Hum Genet. 2004;49(9):482-489
references.pmid: 15309680
references.citation: Biochemistry. 1993 Jun 1;32(21):5598-604
references.pmid: 7684926