title: Mental health and family relations among people who inject drugs and their family members in Vietnam.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This article explores the association of people who inject drugs and their family members in terms of mental health and family relations. The objective was to understand the family context and its impact on people who inject drugs in a family-oriented culture in Vietnam.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional assessment data were gathered from 83 people who inject drugs and 83 of their family members recruited from four communes in Phú Thọ province, Vietnam. Depressive symptoms and family relations were measured for both people who inject drugs and family members. Internalized shame and drug-using behavior were reported by people who inject drugs, and caregiver burden was reported by family members.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that higher level of drug using behavior of people who inject drugs was significantly associated with higher depressive symptoms and lower family relations reported by themselves as well as their family members. Family relations reported by people who inject drugs and their family members were positively correlated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings highlight the need for interventions that address psychological distress and the related challenges faced by family members of people who inject drugs. The article has policy implication which concludes with an argument for developing strategies that enhance the role of families in supporting behavioral change among people who inject drugs.
authors.affiliation: Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Center for Community Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. Electronic address: lililili@ucla.edu.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
authors.forename: Nguyen Anh
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Tuan
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine Statistics Core, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Li-Jung
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Center for Community Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Chunqing
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Center for Community Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Shu C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Farmer
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine Statistics Core, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Flore
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016739:Behavior, Addictive; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology; D055030:Drug Users / Q000523:psychology*; D005192:Family Health; D005195:Family Relations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health; D008875:Middle Aged; D012752:Shame; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000523:psychology*; D014744:Vietnam
keywords: Depression; Drug user; Family members; Family relation; Vietnam
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