title: Profile of leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions induced in venules and arterioles by nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors in vivo.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is controversy regarding cardiovascular (CV) toxicity of the nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors used to treat human immunodeficiency virus infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated the effects of nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors on leukocyte-endothelium interactions, a hallmark of CV diseases, in rat mesenteric vessels using intravital microscopy and in human arterial cells using a flow chamber system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Abacavir and didanosine increased rolling, adhesion and emigration in rat vessels. These effects were reversed with antibodies against Macrophage-1 antigen (Mac-1) or intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and were reproduced in human cells. Lamivudine, zidovudine, emtricitabine, and tenofovir had no effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results support the association of abacavir and didanosine with CV diseases.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacología and CIBERehd, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: De Pablo
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Orden
authors.forename: Jose E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Peris
authors.forename: María D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Barrachina
authors.forename: Juan V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Esplugues
authors.forename: Angeles
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alvarez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001160:Arterioles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D039481:CD11b Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D018821:CD18 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002450:Cell Communication / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016049:Didanosine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015224:Dideoxynucleosides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D036904:Leukocyte Rolling / Q000187:drug effects; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014699:Venules / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D000099227:Abacavir
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D039481:CD11b Antigen; D018821:CD18 Antigens; D016049:Didanosine; D015224:Dideoxynucleosides; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; D000099227:Abacavir
keywords: Abacavir; cardiovascular diseases; didanosine; emtricitabine; lamivudine; leukocyte-endothelium interations; tenofovir; zidovudine