title: Adiponectin: mechanisms and new therapeutic approaches for restoring diabetic heart sensitivity to ischemic post-conditioning.
abstract: Systemic inflammatory response following myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) to a specific organ may cause injuries. Ischemic post-conditioning (IPostC) has emerged as a promising method for myocardial protection against IRI both in experimental and in clinical settings. Enhancement of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) is one of the major mechanisms by which IPostC confers cardioprotection. However, the sensitivity of the diabetic heart to IPostC is impaired and the underlying mechanism is unknown. Adiponectin (APN) is an adipocytederived plasma protein with anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory properties. Plasma levels of APN are decreased in obese subjects and in patients with type 2 diabetes. APN supplementation has been shown to increase NO production and attenuate myocardial IRI in normal (non-diabetic) animals. However, the effect of APN on myocardial injury in diabetic subjects, especially its potential in restoring the sensitivity of the diabetic heart to IPostC has not been investigated. In the current paper, we discussed the possible reasons why the myocardium of diabetic subjects loses sensitivity to IPostC and also highlighted the potential effectiveness and mechanism of APN in restoring IPostC cardioprotection in diabetes. This review proposes to conduct studies that may facilitate the development of novel and optimal therapies to enhance cardioprotection in patients with severe diseases such as diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China. wangtingting721@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Tingting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Shanglong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Zhengyuan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Irwin
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D057775:Ischemic Postconditioning; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D009569:Nitric Oxide
references.citation: Curr Med Chem. 2012;19(8):1193-209
references.pmid: 22257055
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 2003 Aug 21;349(8):733-42
references.pmid: 12930925
references.citation: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2003 Aug;285(2):H579-88
references.pmid: 12860564
references.citation: Circulation. 2007 Mar 20;115(11):1408-16
references.pmid: 17339545
references.citation: Cardiovasc Res. 2005 Feb 1;65(2):428-35
references.pmid: 15639482
references.citation: Genes Nutr. 2008 Feb;2(4):323-6
references.pmid: 18850225
references.citation: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2007 Dec;293(6):H3532-41
references.pmid: 17906103
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Jul 31;98(16):9050-5
references.pmid: 11481471
references.citation: Lancet. 2002 Jul 6;360(9326):57-8
references.pmid: 12114044
references.citation: Mol Endocrinol. 2010 Jan;24(1):218-28
references.pmid: 19889816
references.citation: Diabetes. 2007 May;56(5):1387-94
references.pmid: 17287464
references.citation: Circulation. 2008 Nov 4;118(19):1915-9
references.pmid: 18981312
references.citation: Free Radic Res. 2006 Feb;40(2):175-84
references.pmid: 16390827
references.citation: Circ Res. 2009 Jan 2;104(1):15-8
references.pmid: 19038864
references.citation: Nat Med. 2005 Oct;11(10):1096-103
references.pmid: 16155579
references.citation: Circulation. 1986 Nov;74(5):1124-36
references.pmid: 3769170
references.citation: Circ Res. 2002 Apr 19;90(7):807-13
references.pmid: 11964374
references.citation: Curr Pharm Des. 2011;17(18):1774-82
references.pmid: 21631419
references.citation: Hypertension. 2007 Feb;49(2):241-8
references.pmid: 17190878
references.citation: Clin Chim Acta. 2007 May 1;380(1-2):24-30
references.pmid: 17343838
references.citation: Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2007 Aug 3;359(3):628-34
references.pmid: 17548062
references.citation: Anesthesiology. 2009 Feb;110(2):317-25
references.pmid: 19194158
references.citation: BMB Rep. 2010 Jan;43(1):40-5
references.pmid: 20132734
references.citation: Circ Res. 2008 Jan 4;102(1):131-5
references.pmid: 17967780
references.citation: J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2010 Aug;49(2):210-20
references.pmid: 20206634
references.citation: Cardiovasc Res. 2009 Nov 1;84(2):201-8
references.pmid: 19666677
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2003 Aug 22;278(34):31629-39
references.pmid: 12791703
references.citation: J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2006 Apr;47(4):513-20
references.pmid: 16680064
references.citation: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2008 Oct;295(4):H1580-6
references.pmid: 18689499
references.citation: Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009 Jun;23(3):305-16
references.pmid: 19520305
references.citation: Exp Diabetes Res. 2012;2012:198048
references.pmid: 21822424
references.citation: Diabetes. 2010 Nov;59(11):2949-59
references.pmid: 20802255
references.citation: PLoS One. 2011;6(8):e23967
references.pmid: 21912612
references.citation: Biol Cell. 2009 May;101(5):263-72
references.pmid: 18795895
references.citation: J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2009 Jul;47(1):32-40
references.pmid: 19344728
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2004 May 14;279(20):20767-74
references.pmid: 14985344
references.citation: Cardiovasc Res. 2008 Jul 1;79(1):127-33
references.pmid: 18339648
references.citation: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2000 Jun;20(6):1595-9
references.pmid: 10845877
references.citation: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2007 Apr;292(4):H1655-63
references.pmid: 17142348
references.citation: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2005 Nov;289(5):H2144-52
references.pmid: 16006542
references.citation: Circ Res. 2007 Apr 13;100(7):1089-98
references.pmid: 17363700
references.citation: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2007 Apr;292(4):H1728-36
references.pmid: 17122189
references.citation: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2006 Aug;291(2):H827-34
references.pmid: 16517948
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2003 Mar 7;278(10):8099-105
references.pmid: 12506117
references.citation: Diabetes. 2007 Jan;56(1):127-36
references.pmid: 17192474
references.citation: Curr Diab Rep. 2003 Jun;3(3):207-13
references.pmid: 12762967