title: Assessment of serum S100B and neuron specific enolase levels to evaluate the neurotoxıc effects of organıc solvent exposure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Long-term organic solvent exposure may cause toxic effects in central nervous system . Trichloroethylene (TCE) is known to be one of the neurotoxic chlorinated organic solvents. Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) is an oxidative pathway metabolite of TCE. S100B, a calcium-binding protein in glial cells, and neuron specific enolase (NSE) in neuron cytoplasma are protein markers of astrocyte and neuron damage, respectively.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical and laboratory assesments were performed in 25 participants with organic solvent exposure history. Control group included 25 healthy age and sex-matched individuals. Measurements of serum S100B and NSE were performed using Roche Cobas E 601 compatible kits and elechtrochemiluminescence immunoassay. The levels of TCA in urine were measured by the headspace GC technique, after methyl esterification by methanol.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median value of urine TCA in solvent-exposed group was 12.30 mg/L with 10.20 mg/L and 35.00 mg/L minimum and maximum values, respectively. The difference between serum S100B levels of solvent-exposed group (0.064 μg/L) and control group (0.049 μg/L) was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Serum NSE levels of control group (15.61 ng/ml) were higher than solvent-exposed group (13.90 ng/ml) but difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum S100B levels were found to be higher in solvent-exposed group when compared with control group. NSE levels were comparable between two groups. Increased Serum S100B levels in organic solvent exposure may indicate a preventive response to neuronal damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced through oxidative metabolic pathways of organic solvents.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Biochemistry, Ankara Numune Education and Training Hospital , Ankara , Turkey.
authors.forename: Cevdet
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Züngün
authors.forename: Fatma Meriã
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.forename: Engіn
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tutkun
authors.forename: Hinã
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.forename: Sema
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Uysal
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000379:methods; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000379:methods; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000097:blood*; D020258:Neurotoxicity Syndromes / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase / Q000097:blood*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D012997:Solvents / Q000506:poisoning*; D014238:Trichloroacetic Acid / Q000652:urine; D014241:Trichloroethylene / Q000378:metabolism / Q000506:poisoning*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins; C579160:S100B protein, human; D012997:Solvents; D014241:Trichloroethylene; D014238:Trichloroacetic Acid; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase