title: Rapid screening method to study the reactivity of UV filter substances towards skin proteins by high-performance thin-layer chromatography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Most UV filters used in sunscreens and other cosmetic products contain carbonyl groups, which generally are able to react with peptides or free amino acids of the human skin. To estimate their reactivity, we studied different prominent UV filter substances, octocrylene, ethylhexyl salicylate, 4-t-butyl-4'-methoxydibenzoylmethane, ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate, benzophenone-3, hydroxymethylbenzoyl sulphonic acid, octyldimethyl p-aminobenzoic acid, 3-benzylidene camphor, 4-methylbenzylidene camphor, diethylhexyl butamido triazone and ethylhexyl triazone.
  
  
  METHODS
  A simple screening method using an amino HPTLC plate as protein model was established. The influence of different reaction conditions like heating and irradiation was determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ketones BP-3, HMBS and BM-DBM revealed the highest binding rates after both irradiation and heating. After 1 h of irradiation, 82%, 28% and 96%, respectively, were bonded to the amino phase, while heating resulted in values of 52%, 36% and 16%. For BP-3 and HMBS, even storage in the dark at room temperature resulted in a low binding. Contrarily, for the two camphor derivatives 3-BC and 4-MBC, only irradiation led to a slightly turnover. UV filters with ester groups also showed a different behaviour depending on their main skeleton. While OCR especially reacted under heating with the amino phase, resulting in 36% of bound species after one hour, UV irradiation particularly encouraged a reaction of the other esters. After 1 h irradiation, 15% of EHMC, 38% of EHS and 48% of OD-PABA were bonded to the amino groups of the HPTLC plate, whereas the reactivity of the two triazones, EHT and DEBT, was comparatively low.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Especially the UV filters BP-3, BM-DBM, HMBS, EHMC or OCR, which are commonly known to cause contact dermatitis, showed a high tendency to form adducts with the amino layer. Thus, the amino plate seems to be a proper tool to screen for skin sensitizers.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 28, Stuttgart, 70599, Germany.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stiefel
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schwack
mesh_terms: D002855:Chromatography, Thin Layer / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D012867:Skin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D013473:Sunscreening Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D013473:Sunscreening Agents
keywords: HPTLC; UV filters; UV irradiance; amino phase; protein binding; screening method