title: Analyzing and modeling risk exposure of pedestrian children to involvement in car crashes.
abstract: This paper analyzes the various variables affecting pedestrian children road crashes, placing emphasis on the effect of daily activity patterns and the built environment, including the children's residential neighborhoods and the land use of the places where they conduct their activities. Two complementary data sources from the case study of an Arab town in northern Israel were used to provide a holistic picture of child-pedestrian road crashes: police files providing detailed analyzes of the reason for each crash, its location, and the characteristics of the driver involved; and a survey of 199 households with both involved and not involved children in road crashes, including a one-day travel diary. The study found that a combination of three groups of variables affects child-pedestrian road crashes: socio-economic status, travel patterns, and land use. Most vulnerable are boys from a low socio-economic group who live in areas of high density and mixed land use near a major road and who tend to walk to and from school and additional activities after school.
authors.affiliation: Transportation Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel. Electronic address: wafae@technion.ac.il.
authors.forename: Wafa
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Elias
authors.forename: Yoram
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shiftan
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000293:Adolescent; D001336:Automobiles / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004779:Environment Design / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007557:Israel; D008297:Male; D012111:Residence Characteristics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012306:Risk; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012449:Safety; D012923:Social Class; D016138:Walking / Q000293:injuries / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
keywords: Built environment; Child-pedestrian road crash; Road safety; Travel patterns