title: Role of ventriculoperitoneal shunt valve design in the treatment of pediatric hydrocephalus--a single center study of valve performance in the clinical setting.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous studies have established risk factors for ventriculoperitoneal shunt failure in children. However, the role of valve type as a determinant of complications and outcome remains unclear. The aim of this study was to compare the fixed-pressure paediGAV and the programmable Codman Hakim valves in the clinical setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a retrospective review of patients younger than 16 years who underwent primary implantation of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt with either valve type at our institution between January 2005 and December 2010. Shunt survival analyses were performed to identify variables associated with risk of shunt failure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 44 patients in the paediGAV cohort, 50% reached the endpoint of shunt failure with a mean time to shunt failure of 7 months. The Codman Hakim cohort comprised 29 patients, of which 55% experienced shunt failure with a mean time to shunt failure of 8 months. Stratified analyses identified young age at implantation and posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus as risk factors for shunt failure. Shunt survival analysis revealed no significant difference with regard to valve type.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study confirmed important risk factors for shunt failure in children. Despite certain limitations and biases, similar findings for both valves examined in the clinical setting were obtained. Thus, valve type does not seem to influence risk of shunt failure. Prospective, randomized, and controlled trials are required to validate these results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany, thomas.beez@med.uni-duesseldorf.de.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Beez
authors.forename: Sevgi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sarikaya-Seiwert
authors.forename: Lina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bellstädt
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mühmer
authors.forename: Hans-Jakob
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Steiger
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004868:Equipment Failure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000601:surgery*; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D017287:Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt / Q000295:instrumentation*
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