title: Drug-nutrient interactions in the intensive care unit: literature review and current recommendations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the interactions between drugs and nutrients and their frequency in the intensive care unit and to assess the professional team's awareness regarding this subject.
  
  
  METHODS
  The keywords "drug interactions" and "nutrition therapy" were searched in the PubMed (specifically MeSH) electronic database. The studies were systematically reviewed for descriptions of the types of interactions between drugs and nutrients, including their frequency and consequences.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-seven articles were found. Among these, 20 articles were appropriate for the methodology adopted and accomplished the objectives of the study. Of these 20 articles, 14 articles described interactions between drugs and enteral nutrition, three described interactions between drugs and parenteral nutrition, and three described the importance and care required to avoid such interactions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The literature about drug and nutrient interactions is limited and suggests the inability of health care teams to recognize the potential for these interactions. Possibly, the elaboration of a protocol to evaluate drug-nutrient interactions will increase the safety and efficacy of therapeutics.
authors.affiliation: Integrated Multidisciplinary Residency Program in Health with emphasis in Adult Critical Care, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre - Porto Alegre RS, Brazil. tatiheldt@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Tatiane
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Heldt
authors.forename: Sergio Henrique
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Loss
mesh_terms: D003422:Critical Care / Q000379:methods; D004750:Enteral Nutrition / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D018565:Food-Drug Interactions; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D018529:Nutritional Support / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D010288:Parenteral Nutrition / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*
references.citation: Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am. 2004 Dec;16(4):459-65
references.pmid: 15571934
references.citation: Pharm World Sci. 2009 Jun;31(3):365-8
references.pmid: 19169898
references.citation: Nutr Clin Pract. 2005 Apr;20(2):281-5
references.pmid: 16207664
references.citation: Mov Disord. 2006 Aug;21(8):1229-31
references.pmid: 16622857
references.citation: J Clin Nurs. 2008 Sep;17(17):2257-65
references.pmid: 18705702
references.citation: Clin Ther. 2005 May;27(5):594-8
references.pmid: 15978308
references.citation: Rev Bras Ter Intensiva. 2008 Dec;20(4):349-54
references.pmid: 25307239
references.citation: Ann Pharmacother. 2008 Mar;42(3):439-42
references.pmid: 18272698
references.citation: Ther Drug Monit. 2004 Feb;26(1):31-4
references.pmid: 14749546
references.citation: JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2008 Mar-Apr;32(2):197-200
references.pmid: 18407914
references.citation: JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2009 May-Jun;33(3):277-316
references.pmid: 19398613
references.citation: Mov Disord. 2006 Oct;21(10):1682-7
references.pmid: 16773618
references.citation: Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am. 2004 Dec;16(4):501-8
references.pmid: 15571938
references.citation: Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2002 May;5(3):327-32
references.pmid: 11953660
references.citation: J Acad Nutr Diet. 2012 Apr;112(4):506-17
references.pmid: 22717215
references.citation: Ann Pharmacother. 2010 Sep;44(9):1504-7
references.pmid: 20628041
references.citation: Crit Care Med. 2003 May;31(5):1347-52
references.pmid: 12771601
references.citation: Nursing. 2002 Dec;32(12):22
references.pmid: 12512484
references.citation: J Oncol Pharm Pract. 2012 Mar;18(1):128-31
references.pmid: 21733905
references.citation: J Clin Nurs. 2007 Oct;16(10):1872-7
references.pmid: 17880476
references.citation: Pharmacotherapy. 2008 Mar;28(3):308-13
references.pmid: 18294110
references.citation: Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2009 Aug 15;66(16):1458-67
references.pmid: 19667002
references.citation: Ann Pharmacother. 2005 Jul-Aug;39(7-8):1371-2; author reply 1372
references.pmid: 15928257
references.citation: Nutr Clin Pract. 2005 Dec;20(6):618-24
references.pmid: 16306299
references.citation: Nutrition. 2008 Oct;24(10):1048-52
references.pmid: 18602249
references.citation: Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2008 Dec 15;65(24):2347-57
references.pmid: 19052281
references.citation: Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2011 Oct;113(8):644-8
references.pmid: 21703756
references.citation: J Clin Pharmacol. 2011 Mar;51(3):440-3
references.pmid: 20538908
references.citation: Nutr J. 2010 Dec 31;9:71
references.pmid: 21194458