title: Quantitative evaluation of apically extruded debris with different single-file systems: Reciproc, F360 and OneShape versus Mtwo.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess in a laboratory setting the amount of apically extruded debris associated with different single-file nickel-titanium instrumentation systems compared to one multiple-file rotary system.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty human mandibular central incisors were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 20 teeth per group). The root canals were instrumented according to the manufacturers' instructions using the reciprocating single-file system Reciproc, the single-file rotary systems F360 and OneShape and the multiple-file rotary Mtwo instruments. The apically extruded debris was collected and dried in pre-weighed glass vials. The amount of debris was assessed with a micro balance and statistically analysed using anova and post hoc Student-Newman-Keuls test. The time required to prepare the canals with the different instruments was also recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Reciproc produced significantly more debris compared to all other systems (P < 0.05). No significant difference was noted between the two single-file rotary systems and the multiple-file rotary system (P > 0.05). Instrumentation with the three single-file systems was significantly faster than with Mtwo (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Under the condition of this study, all systems caused apical debris extrusion. Rotary instrumentation was associated with less debris extrusion compared to reciprocal instrumentation.
authors.affiliation: Central Interdisciplinary Ambulance in the School of Dentistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bürklein
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Benten
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schäfer
mesh_terms: D003762:Dental Instruments; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007180:Incisor; D018915:Root Canal Preparation
keywords: M-wire; debris extrusion; endodontics; nickel-titanium; reciprocating; single-file systems