title: Iterative k-t principal component analysis with nonrigid motion correction for dynamic three-dimensional cardiac perfusion imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study, an iterative k-t principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm with nonrigid frame-to-frame motion correction is proposed for dynamic contrast-enhanced three-dimensional perfusion imaging.
  
  
  METHODS
  An iterative k-t PCA algorithm was implemented with regularization using training data corrected for frame-to-frame motion in the x-pc domain. Motion information was extracted using shape-constrained nonrigid image registration of the composite of training and k-t undersampled data. The approach was tested for 10-fold k-t undersampling using computer simulations and in vivo data sets corrupted by respiratory motion artifacts owing to free-breathing or interrupted breath-holds. Results were compared to breath-held reference data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Motion-corrected k-t PCA image reconstruction resolved residual aliasing. Signal intensity curves extracted from the myocardium were close to those obtained from the breath-held reference. Upslopes were found to be more homogeneous in space when using the k-t PCA approach with motion correction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Iterative k-t PCA with nonrigid motion correction permits correction of respiratory motion artifacts in three-dimensional first-pass myocardial perfusion imaging.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Johannes F M
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Lukas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wissmann
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Manka
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kozerke
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D016477:Artifacts; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003287:Contrast Media; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D009038:Motion; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics; D055425:Respiratory-Gated Imaging Techniques / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media
keywords: cardiac perfusion; motion correction; nonrigid motion correction; respiratory motion