title: Obestatin alleviates subarachnoid haemorrhage-induced oxidative injury in rats via its anti-apoptotic and antioxidant effects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to investigate the putative anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effect of obestatin in a rat model of subarachnoidal haemorrhage (SAH).
  
  
  METHODS
  To induce SAH, rats were injected with 0.3 mL blood into their cisterna magna. At 48 hours rats were decapitated after neurological examination. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, brain water content, oxidative stress markers and histological analysis were done in brain tissue.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that neurological examination scores were increased in the SAH group and, moreover, BBB permeability was impaired and oedema formed. SAH resulted in increased levels of plasma tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 levels and caspase-3 activity. Lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation levels and myeloperoxidase activity were all increased in the brain tissue, with concomitant decreases in antioxidant enzymes. On the other hand, SAH-induced neurological impairment and oxidative brain injury were ameliorated in the obestatin-treated group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study provides the first evidence that peripheral administration of obestatin exerts potent anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in SAH-induced oxidative damage by maintaining a balance in oxidant-antioxidant status through the augmentation of endogenous antioxidants and the inhibition of pro-inflammatory mediators.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Istanbul Medeniyet University, İstanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Erşahin
authors.forename: Derya
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ozsavcı
authors.forename: Azize
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sener
authors.forename: Ozlem Bingöl
authors.initials: OB
authors.lastname: Ozakpınar
authors.forename: Hale Zerrin
authors.initials: HZ
authors.lastname: Toklu
authors.forename: Dilek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Akakin
authors.forename: Göksel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sener
authors.forename: Berrak Ç
authors.initials: BÇ
authors.lastname: Yeğen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000187:drug effects; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D036361:Peptide Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D020301:Vasospasm, Intracranial / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D036361:Peptide Hormones; C505798:obestatin, rat