title: The pain management in orthodontics.
abstract: Pain and discomfort are the frequent side-effects of the orthodontic therapy with fixed appliances. The people who experience orthodontic pain are likely to self-medicate with nonprescription pain relievers before seeing the dentist. It is imperative for an orthodontist to address questions that might arise in a clinical setting from the viewpoint of the clinicians and the patients/parents. This article will provide an overview of the current management strategies which are employed for alleviating orthodontic pain.
authors.affiliation: Reader, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences , Mangalore-575 001, Karnataka, India .
authors.forename: Nandita
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shenoy
authors.forename: Siddarth
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shetty
authors.forename: Junaid
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: Ashok
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shenoy K
keywords: Analgesics; Anesthetic gels; Aspergum; Dental pain; NSAIDS; Orthodontic pain
references.citation: J Bone Miner Res. 2002 Feb;17(2):210-20
references.pmid: 11811551
references.citation: J Clin Orthod. 2004 Dec;38(12):641-2
references.pmid: 15665437
references.citation: Ann Pharmacother. 2001 Jan;35(1):113-5
references.pmid: 11197570
references.citation: Pain. 2004 Oct;111(3):313-322
references.pmid: 15363875
references.citation: Pain. 2004 Jan;107(1-2):86-90
references.pmid: 14715393
references.citation: J Clin Orthod. 1984 Aug;18(8):572-5
references.pmid: 6595271
references.citation: Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1994 Jul;106(1):88-95
references.pmid: 8017354
references.citation: Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1986 Aug;90(2):132-8
references.pmid: 3488674
references.citation: Free Radic Biol Med. 2004 Dec 1;37(11):1895-905
references.pmid: 15528048
references.citation: Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1993 Feb;21(1):31-5
references.pmid: 8432102
references.citation: Dig Dis Sci. 2001 Apr;46(4):779-84
references.pmid: 11330413
references.citation: Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2001 Mar;119(3):307-12
references.pmid: 11244425
references.citation: Angle Orthod. 2005 Sep;75(5):791-6
references.pmid: 16279825
references.citation: Anaesth Intensive Care. 2004 Dec;32(6):770-4
references.pmid: 15648986
references.citation: Pain. 2005 Aug;116(3):322-331
references.pmid: 15979792
references.citation: Anaesthesia. 2009 Jan;64(1):65-72
references.pmid: 19087009
references.citation: Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1995 Dec;108(6):614-22
references.pmid: 7503039
references.citation: Int Endod J. 2004 Aug;37(8):531-41
references.pmid: 15230906
references.citation: Clin Pharmacokinet. 1994 Jan;26(1):16-43
references.pmid: 8137596
references.citation: Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2001 Jul;120(1):20-7
references.pmid: 11455373
references.citation: Arch Oral Biol. 1998 Apr;43(4):253-60
references.pmid: 9839700
references.citation: Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2000 Dec;118(6):629-35
references.pmid: 11113797
references.citation: Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2006 Sep;130(3):364-70
references.pmid: 16979495
references.citation: J Clin Orthod. 2003 Apr;37(4):205-8; quiz 203-4
references.pmid: 12747073
references.citation: Angle Orthod. 2005 Mar;75(2):214-9
references.pmid: 15825785
references.citation: Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2001 Jan;10(1):89-98
references.pmid: 11195058
references.citation: Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2007 Oct;132(4):511-7
references.pmid: 17920505
references.citation: Br J Orthod. 1992 Feb;19(1):47-54
references.pmid: 1562578