title: Improvement of maternal vitamin D status with 25-hydroxycholecalciferol positively impacts porcine fetal skeletal muscle development and myoblast activity.
abstract: There is little information available regarding the influence of maternal vitamin D status on fetal skeletal muscle development. Therefore, we investigated the effect of improved vitamin D status resulting from 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25OHD3) supplementation of dams on fetal skeletal muscle developmental characteristics and myoblast activity using Camborough 22 gilts (n = 40) randomly assigned to 1 of 2 corn-soybean meal-based diets. The control diet (CTL) contained 2,500 IU cholecalciferol (D3)/kg diet, whereas the experimental diet contained 500 IU D3/kg diet plus 50 µg 25OHD3/kg diet. Gilts were fed 2.7 kg of their assigned diet once daily beginning 43 d before breeding through d 90 of gestation. On gestational d 90 (± 1), fetal LM and semitendinosus muscle samples were collected for analysis of developmental characteristics and myoblast activity, respectively. No treatment difference was observed in fetal LM cross-sectional area (P = 0.25). Fetuses from 25OHD3-supplemented gilts had more LM fibers (P = 0.04) that tended to be smaller in cross-sectional area compared with CTL fetuses (P = 0.11). A numerical increase in the total number of Pax7+ myoblasts was also observed in fetuses from 25OHD3-supplemented gilts (P = 0.12). Myoblasts derived from the muscles of fetuses from 25OHD3-fed dams displayed an extended proliferative phase in culture compared with those from fetuses of dams fed only D3 (P < 0.0001). The combination of additional muscle fibers and Pax7+ myoblasts with prolonged proliferative capacity could enhance the postnatal skeletal muscle growth potential of fetuses from 25OHD3-supplemented gilts. These data highlight the importance of maternal vitamin D status on the development of fetal skeletal muscle.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Hines
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Coffey
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Starkey
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Starkey
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D002112:Calcifediol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D032446:Myoblasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D034421:Sus scrofa / Q000196:embryology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000378:metabolism*; D014815:Vitamins / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D014815:Vitamins; D014807:Vitamin D; D002112:Calcifediol