title: Hybrid approach for closure of muscular ventricular septal defects.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The complexity of ventricular septal defects in early infancy led to development of new mini-invasive techniques based on collaboration of cardiac surgeons with interventional cardiologists, called hybrid procedures. Hybrid therapies aim to combine the advantages of surgical and interventional techniques in an effort to reduce the invasiveness. The aim of this study was to present our approach with mVSD patients and initial results in the development of a mini-invasive hybrid procedure in the Gdansk Hybrid Heartlink Programme (GHHP) at the Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Pomeranian Centre of Traumatology in Gdansk, Poland.
  
  
  METHODS
  The group of 11 children with mVSDs was enrolled in GHHP and 6 were finally qualified to hybrid trans-ventricular mVSD device closure. Mean age at time of hybrid procedure was 8.22 months (range: from 2.7 to 17.8 months, SD=5.1) and mean body weight was 6.3 kg (range: from 3.4 to 7.5 kg, SD=1.5).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The implants of choice were Amplatzer VSD Occluder and Amplatzer Duct Occluder II (AGA Med. Corp, USA). The position of the implants was checked carefully before releasing the device with both transesophageal echocardiography and epicardial echocardiography. All patients survived and their general condition improved. No complications occurred. The closure of mVSD was complete in all children.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hybrid procedures of periventricular muscular VSD closure appear feasible and effective for patients with septal defects with morphology unsuitable for classic surgical or interventional procedures. The modern strategy of joint cardiac surgical and interventional techniques provides the benefits of close cooperation between cardiac surgeon and interventional cardiologist for selected patients in difficult clinical settings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Mikolaj Kopernik Pomeranian Centre of Traumatology, Gdańsk, Poland. ireneusz_haponiuk@poczta.onet.pl
authors.forename: Ireneusz
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Haponiuk
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chojnicki
authors.forename: Radoslaw
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jaworski
authors.forename: Mariusz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Steffek
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Juscinski
authors.forename: Mariusz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sroka
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fiszer
authors.forename: Aneta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sendrowska
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gierat-Haponiuk
authors.forename: Bohdan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Maruszewski
mesh_terms: D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D005260:Female; D006345:Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology*; D011044:Poland
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