title: AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC, the beginning: initial cloning, structure, expression profile, and regulation of expression.
abstract: Since its initial identification as a HIV-1-inducible gene in 2002, astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1), subsequently cloned as metadherin (MTDH) and lysine-rich CEACAM1 coisolated (LYRIC), has emerged over the past 10 years as an important oncogene providing a valuable prognostic marker in patients with various cancers. Recent studies demonstrate that AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC is a pleiotropic protein that can localize in the cell membrane, cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), nucleus, and nucleolus, and contributes to diverse signaling pathways such as PI3K-AKT, NF-κB, MAPK, and Wnt. In addition to tumorigenesis, this multifunctional protein is implicated in various physiological and pathological processes including development, neurodegeneration, and inflammation. The present review focuses on the discovery of AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC and conceptualizes areas of future direction for this intriguing gene. We begin by describing how AEG-1, MTDH, and LYRIC were initially identified by different research groups and then discuss AEG-1 structure, functions, localization, and evolution. We conclude with a discussion of the expression profile of AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC in the context of cancer, neurological disorders, inflammation, and embryogenesis, and discuss how AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC is regulated. This introductory discussion of AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC will serve as the basis for the detailed discussions in other chapters of the unique properties of this intriguing molecule.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center, Institute of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seok-Geun
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Anyang, Kyonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Dong-Chul
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, USA.|Department of Biology, New York University, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Rob
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: DeSalle
authors.affiliation: Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
authors.forename: Devanand
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sarkar
authors.affiliation: Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
authors.forename: Paul B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Fisher
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000502:physiology*; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011487:Protein Conformation; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D059467:Transcriptome
chemical_list: D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; C483039:MTDH protein, human; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins
keywords: AEG-1/MTDH/LYRIC; Cloning; HIV; Ha-ras; PI3K/AKT; c-Myc
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