title: Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, soluble Fas and hepatocyte growth factor as predictors of mortality in nonagenarians: the Vitality 90+ study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ageing is characteristically accompanied by changes in vascular endothelial markers and growth factor as well as increased cellular death. We analysed the associations of the plasma levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and soluble Fas (sFAS), and their combinations, with 4-year mortality to identify new biomarkers.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 238 individuals, both community-dwelling and institutionalised, aged 89 91 years and participating in the Vitality 90+ study were included. Biomarkers of endothelial function (VCAM-1), growth factor (HGF) and a marker of apoptosis (sFAS) were determined from plasma using Luminex® technology. This newly-determined data was combined with earlier data, e.g., 4-year mortality and medical history.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects who died during the follow-up had higher baseline plasma levels of VCAM-1, sFas, and HGF. When other known risk factors were adjusted for, subjects in the highest concentration tertile for VCAM-1 (HR 1.85; 95% CI, 1.12-3.05) and HGF (HR 2.22; 95% CI, 1.33-3.71) had higher mortality compared to those in the lowest tertile. In the adjusted analyses, when compared to subjects with none of the biomarkers in the highest concentration tertile, mortality was also higher when sFas and VCAM-1 were simultaneously (HR 2.03; 95% CI, 1.13-3.64) or all three were simultaneously (HR 3.63; 95% CI, 1.65-7.97) in the highest concentration tertile.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that increased concentrations of these biomarkers, separately and in combination, associate with mortality among the aged and are prognostic markers of death.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland. Electronic address: niko.kamppa@uta.fi.
authors.forename: Niko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kämppä
authors.forename: Kari-Matti
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Mäkelä
authors.forename: Leo-Pekka
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Lyytikäinen
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Peltonen
authors.forename: Jussi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hautamäki
authors.forename: Ilkka
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Seppälä
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mononen
authors.forename: Sirkka
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goebeler
authors.forename: Pekka J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Karhunen
authors.forename: Antti
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hervonen
authors.forename: Mikko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hurme
authors.forename: Marja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jylhä
authors.forename: Terho
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lehtimäki
mesh_terms: D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009026:Mortality; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012995:Solubility; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood*; D019014:fas Receptor / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; C491901:FAS protein, human; C066855:HGF protein, human; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D019014:fas Receptor; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor
keywords: (BMI); (CRP); (HGF); (IL-1Ra); (TNF-α); (VCAM-1); (hs-CRP); (sFas); C-reactive protein; Hepatocyte growth factor; Mortality; Nonagenarians; Soluble Fas; Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1; body mass index; hepatocyte growth factor; high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; interleukin 1 receptor antagonist; soluble Fas; tumour necrosis factor-alpha; vascular cell adhesion molecule 1