title: Exercise and nutrition interventions in advanced lung cancer: a systematic review.
abstract: In this systematic review, we sought to evaluate the effect of physical activity or nutrition interventions (or both) in adults with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (nsclc).
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic search for relevant clinical trials was conducted in 6 electronic databases, by hand searching, and by contacting key investigators. No limits were placed on study language. Information about recruitment rates, protocol adherence, patient-reported and clinical outcome measures, and study conclusions was extracted. Methodologic quality and risk of bias in each study was assessed using validated tools.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six papers detailing five studies involving 203 participants met the inclusion criteria. Two of the studies were single-cohort physical activity studies (54 participants), and three were controlled nutrition studies (149 participants). All were conducted in an outpatient setting. None of the included studies combined physical activity with nutrition interventions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our systematic review suggests that exercise and nutrition interventions are not harmful and may have beneficial effects on unintentional weight loss, physical strength, and functional performance in patients with advanced nsclc. However, the observed improvements must be interpreted with caution, because findings were not consistent across the included studies. Moreover, the included studies were small and at significant risk of bias. More research is required to ascertain the optimal physical activity and nutrition interventions in advanced inoperable nsclc. Specifically, the potential benefits of combining physical activity with nutrition counselling have yet to be adequately explored in this population.
authors.affiliation: All Ireland Institute of Hospice and Palliative Care, and the HSC R&D Division, Public Health Agency, Northern Ireland. ; Institute of Nursing and Health Research, University of Ulster, Northern Ireland.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Payne
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Larkin
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McIlfatrick
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dunwoody
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Gracey
keywords: Palliation; exercise; lungs; nutrition; rehabilitation; systematic review
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