title: Comparison of White and Chinese perception of esthetic Chinese lip position.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the esthetic preference of White and Chinese judges with regard to Chinese lip position.
  
  
  METHODS
  The profile images of a dental and skeletal Class I Chinese adult male and female were digitally adjusted to Chinese mean values. The lip profile was adjusted with the upper and lower lip at the mean distance from the Ricketts' E-line. These images were used as baseline images and were further digitally manipulated to generate six additional images with the upper and lower lip such that they lay 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 standard deviations (SDs) in front of or behind the E-line. An additional image was modified based on a White mean value. The images were viewed and ranked by 251 White and Chinese judges (dentists and laypersons) in Australia and China.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significantly more Chinese judges ranked the retrusive profiles higher than the White judges. The White judges also ranked the profile image adjusted to -0.5 SD as the most esthetic for both the female and male, while the Chinese judges ranked the -1.0 SD profile as the most esthetic.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ethnicity of the judges is a significant factor influencing the perception of esthetic lip position. The Chinese judges prefer a more retrusive profile and are more likely to rate a protrusive profile as unacceptable, compared with the White judges.
authors.affiliation: a  Private Practice, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Hui Theng
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Chong
authors.forename: Kim Wei
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Thea
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Descallar
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Oyku
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Dalci
authors.forename: Ricky
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: M Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Darendeliler
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D001294:Attitude to Health / Q000208:ethnology; D001315:Australia / Q000208:ethnology; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods; D004954:Esthetics; D005260:Female; D005792:General Practice, Dental; D006723:Hong Kong / Q000208:ethnology; D006801:Humans; D008046:Lip / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009970:Orthodontics; D010781:Photography / Q000379:methods; D013039:Specialties, Dental; D064232:Visual Analog Scale; D044465:White People; D055815:Young Adult
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