title: Effects of curcumin on proinflammatory cytokines and tissue injury in the early and late phases of experimental acute pancreatitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Acute pancreatitis (AP) varies from mild to severe necrotizing changes with high mortality. The objective of the current study was to investigate the effects of curcumin on tissue injury and proinflammatory cytokines in the early and late phases of AP.
  
  
  METHODS
  AP was induced by sodium taurocholate in rats (n = 140). First group was left untreated. Group II received 100 mg/kg curcumin daily starting 20 days before AP induction. The rats were allocated into 7 sub-groups (n:5) and were sacrificed at 2, 6, 12, 24, 72, 144 and 288 h following the induction of AP. Blood and pancreatic tissue samples were collected for biochemical and histopathologic evaluations and the assessment of protein and mRNA levels, as well.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Curcumin decreased total histopathologic scores in comparison with those of the taurocholate group (P < 0.05). Curcumin increased Caspase-3 activity and decreased trypsin activity, while inhibited nuclear factor-κ (NF-κB) at all time points (P < 0.05) and moreover reduced activator protein-1 (AP-1). Curcumin decreased chemokine (except for 288 h), TNF-α (except for 2 and 24 h), IL-6 (except for 2, 6 and 288 h) and iNOS (except for 144 and 288 h) mRNA levels (P < 0.05). Curcumin serum nitric oxide (NO) (except for 144 and 288 h) levels were reduced, as well.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, curcumin reduced tissue injury, trypsin activation and inhibited NF-κB and AP-1. However TNF-α, IL-6 and iNOS and NO were not inhibited at all time points. Therefore no direct correlation was detected in the subgroups between tissue injury, proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative enzymes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University, 34320 Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey. gulcu@istanbul.edu.tr
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gulcubuk
authors.forename: Damla
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Haktanir
authors.forename: Aris
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cakiris
authors.forename: Duran
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ustek
authors.forename: Ozlem
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Guzel
authors.forename: Muzaffer
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Erturk
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karabagli
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Akyazi
authors.forename: Hayriye
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cicekci
authors.forename: Kemal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Altunatmaz
authors.forename: Hafize
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Uzun
authors.forename: Kenan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ates
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003474:Curcumin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000187:drug effects*; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D019283:Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013656:Taurocholic Acid; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D014357:Trypsin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D016328:NF-kappa B; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D013656:Taurocholic Acid; D014357:Trypsin; D003474:Curcumin
keywords: Acute pancreatitis; Curcumin; Proinflammatory cytokine; Rat; Tissue injury