title: Modeling of material orientation effects on AHSS crush and fracture behavior in axial crush tests.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Due to the rolling manufacturing process, most advanced high-strength steels (AHSS) demonstrate in-plane anisotropic material behavior. This study investigates the effects of material orientation on the axial crush behavior and fracture of AHSS with axial crush tests and computer simulations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Crush simulation models considering material anisotropy and damage evolution were developed in LS-DYNA based on the drop-tower crush test results and coupon characterization test data for DP780 steel. The modified Mohr-Coulomb (MMC) isotropic fracture model was employed in the crush simulation models for fracture prediction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 12-sided components fabricated in the transverse (T) direction of the sheet exhibited slightly higher crush loads and reduced crush distances compared to those in the longitudinal (L) direction. The crush behavior in each direction was generally proportional to ultimate tensile strength. All of the materials investigated in this study showed some cracking in the crush tests for both component orientations, but only DP780 showed significant anisotropy in fracture behavior with more cracking for the T direction compared to the L direction. Overall, the amount of cracking observed in the tests had little or no significant effect on the axial crush performance. The MMC fracture loci in both the L and T directions were determined using a reverse engineering approach, and the stress-strain curves beyond the uniform elongation point were extended using an optimization method. Both material models MAT103 and MAT224 predicted the crush and fracture behavior with reasonably good accuracy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The predicted fracture mode and force-displacement curves agreed well with the test data for both the L and T directions in axial crush tests of the 12-sided components. The simple isotropic material model MAT224 is adequate for crush simulations to predict material orientation effects on AHSS component crush performance and fracture behavior.
authors.affiliation: United States Steel Corporation, 5850 New King Ct., Troy, MI 48098, USA. gchen@uss.com
authors.forename: Guofei
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Todd M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Link
authors.forename: Ming F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Tau
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tyan
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic; D016880:Anisotropy; D003198:Computer Simulation; D006801:Humans; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013232:Steel; D013314:Stress, Mechanical
chemical_list: D013232:Steel