title: Randomised controlled trial: effects of aerobic exercise training programme on indices of adiposity and metabolic markers in hypertension.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of interval training programme on blood pressure, maximal oxygen consumption, indices of adiposity and metabolic markers in black African men with essential hypertension.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted at Murtala Muhammed Specialist Hospital, Kano, Nigeria, from October 24, 2007 to February 24, 2009. It comprised 245 male patients with mild to moderate (systolic blood pressure 140-179 and diastolic blood pressure 90-109 mmHg) essential hypertension who were age-matched and grouped into experimental and control groups. The experimental group was involved in an 8-week training programme of between 45 and 60 minutes, while the controls remained sedentary during the period. Cardiovascular parameters, maximal oxygen consumption, per cent body fat, waist-to-hip ratio, body mass index, fasting blood sugar, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein and artherogenic index were assessed. Analysis of co-variance and Pearson correlation tests were used in data analysis which was done using SPSS 16.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study had 140 (57.1%) cases with a mean age of 58.90+/-7.35 years, and 105 (42.9%) controls with a mean age of 58.27+/-6.24 years. It revealed significant increased effect of interval training programme on maximal oxygen consumption and high-density lipoprotein. There was significant reduction in on all the other controls. Changes in maximal oxygen consumption as a result of interval training significantly and negatively correlated with the other variables except high-density lipoprotein.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The therapeutic role of interval exercise training on blood pressure reduction may be mediated through elevation of high-density lipoprotein, reduction of other markers of metabolism, and reduction in bodyweight and fatness.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Technology Department, School of Health Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria. siklam_86@yahoo.co.uk
authors.forename: Sikiru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lamina
authors.forename: Chuba Goddy
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Okoye
authors.forename: Shmaila Mustapha
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hanif
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity; D044383:Black People; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D008875:Middle Aged; D009549:Nigeria / Q000453:epidemiology; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D015397:Program Evaluation / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome