title: Association of race and socioeconomic status with the use of endovascular repair to treat thoracic aortic diseases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Descending thoracic aortic diseases may be treated with either open thoracic aortic repair or thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR). Previous studies have demonstrated that race and socioeconomic status (SES) affect access to care and treatment allocation in vascular surgery. We hypothesized that racial minorities and lower SES patients have decreased propensity to have their thoracic aortic disease treated with TEVAR.
  
  
  METHODS
  Weighted discharge records for patients who underwent either open thoracic aortic repair or TEVAR between 2005 and 2008 were evaluated using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample. Patient records were stratified by therapeutic intervention (open repair vs TEVAR). Differences in baseline comorbidities, race, and SES were compared. To account for the effects of comorbidities and other factors, hierarchical logistic regression modeling was used to determine the likelihood for TEVAR performance based on differences in patients' race and SES.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 60,784 thoracic repairs were analyzed, the majority (79.4%) of which were open repairs. The most common race was white (78.2%), followed by black (9.1%), Hispanic (5.7%), Asian or Pacific Islander (2.9%), and Native American (0.7%). Patients were divided into quartiles according to SES with 20.6% of patients in the lowest SES quartile, 24.3% in the second quartile, 26.4% in the third quartile, and 28.8% in the highest SES quartile. Indications for treatment were similar for both treatment groups. After adjusting for multiple patient and hospital factors, race and SES were significantly associated with treatment modality for thoracic aortic disease. Black, Hispanic, and Native American populations had increased adjusted odds ratios of TEVAR performance compared with white patients. Similarly, lower SES correlated with increased use of TEVAR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Contrary to our initial hypothesis, racial minorities (Black, Hispanic, and Native American) and patients with lower median household incomes have a greater association with the performance for TEVAR after accounting for patient comorbid disease, indication for treatment, payer status, and hospital volume. These results indicate that traditional racial disparities do not persist in TEVAR allocation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va.
authors.forename: William F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: Damien J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: LaPar
authors.forename: Timothy E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Newhook
authors.forename: Matthew L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Stone
authors.forename: Gilbert R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Upchurch
authors.forename: Gorav
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ailawadi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017545:Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic / Q000191:economics / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000601:surgery; D001807:Blood Vessel Prosthesis / Q000191:economics*; D017281:Cost of Illness; D057510:Endovascular Procedures / Q000191:economics*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D017052:Hospital Mortality / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000639:trends; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D057216:Propensity Score; D044469:Racial Groups / Q000208:ethnology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014768:Virginia / Q000453:epidemiology
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