title: Thiamine deficiency and its correlation with dyslipidaemia in diabetics with microalbuminuria.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure and correlate the levels of thiamine and dyslipidaemia in microalbuminuric diabetics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional comparative study was conducted at the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, from January 2009 to December 2010, and comprised 60 known diabetic patients, who were inducted from diabetic clinics of Rawalpindi. These patients were divided into three equal groups, with group I (n=20) being normal healthhy individuals, group II comprised of microalbuminurics type 2 diabetics (n=20) and group III (n=20) were macroalbuminuric type 2 diabetics, based on their albumin excretion rate. The healthy volunteers (n=20) had blood glucose less than 6 mmol/L and were inducted as the comparison group. Fasting blood samples of diabetic and control groups were analysed for glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, lipid profile, thiamine chloride and thiamine monophosphate. Besides, 24-hour urine samples were analysed for microalbuminuria, thiamine chloride and thiamine monophosphate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma thiamine chloride and thiamine monophosphate levels were found to be significantly (p<0.001) reduced in the diabetics (n=60) compared to the controls (n=20). Furthermore, there was a progressive decline in these levels with increasing albuminuria; the lowest being in the macroalbuminuric group (group IV). Urinary thiamine levels were significantly (p<0.001) higher in the diabetics compared to the controls. These changes were more pronounced as albuminuria level increased; the highest being in group IV. The parameters of lipid profile, including triglycerides, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, were significantly (p<0.001) higher in diabetics and showed progressive increase with worsening albuminuria. Whereas, the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly (p<0.001) reduced in diabetics and showed progressive decline as the microalbuminuria status worsened. Furthermore, a significant negative correlation was found between plasma thiamine and all the parameters of lipid profile except high-density lipoprotein cholesterol which had a significant positive correlation. A significant linear regression of microalbuminuria on plasma thiamine was also found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thiamine levels were reduced in the diabetic population and this reduction in thiamine level was negatively correlated with lipid profile in microalbuminuric diabetics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Army Medical College Rawalpindi, National University of Science and Technology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. p_waheed@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Palvasha
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Waheed
authors.forename: Abdul Khaliq
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Naveed
authors.forename: Tausif
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ahmed
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine*; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009391:Nephelometry and Turbidimetry; D013832:Thiamine Deficiency / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine*