title: Enzyme-assisted extraction of cactus bioactive molecules under high hydrostatic pressure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To improve the extraction and recovery of bioactive materials from cactus, the present study investigated the effect of polysaccharide-degrading enzymes [Rapidase-Viscozyme mixture, 1/3 (v/v)] treatment under high hydrostatic pressure (HHP).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The dry weight of the extract increased with the use of increasing pressure regardless of enzyme treatment. However, the polyphenol content showed a tendency to decrease with the increase in pressure in the cactus extract with or without enzyme treatment. The enzyme-assisted extraction resulted in an increase of dry weight and polyphenol content in the cactus extract. The total sugar and reducing sugar contents of the cactus extract increased with increasing pressure in enzyme-assisted extraction. The uronic acid content of the cactus extract showed a pattern similar to that of the reducing sugars. The enzyme-assisted extraction also increased the contents of taxifolin, quercetin and isorhametin. The cactus extract obtained through enzyme-assisted extraction showed intense scavenging activity of both DPPH and ABTS radicals. The crude polysaccharides isolated from the extract (51.2% at 1000 µg mL⁻¹ for HHP extraction at 300 MPa) had higher anti-complementary activity than the others except for lipopolysaccharide (60.00% at 1000 µg mL⁻¹). HHP extraction and enzyme-assisted extraction using HHP showed an increase of anti-complementary activity compared with the heat and enzyme controls, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, the use of HHP in enzyme-assisted extraction resulted in more efficient extraction than the use of enzyme treatment alone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, Korea University, Seoul, 136-703, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Hwan
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Yooheon
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Kwang Won
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Jee-Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Imm
authors.forename: Hyung Joo
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Suh
mesh_terms: D001230:Aspergillus / Q000201:enzymology; D044602:Cellulases / Q000378:metabolism*; D003167:Complement Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D020834:Ethnopharmacology; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006868:Hydrolysis; D006874:Hydrostatic Pressure; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D020835:Medicine, Kampo; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000378:metabolism; D029747:Opuntia / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D018520:Plant Shoots / Q000737:chemistry*; D011096:Polygalacturonase / Q000378:metabolism*; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D011794:Quercetin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D056910:Republic of Korea
chemical_list: D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011134:Polysaccharides; C578134:Viscozyme L, Aspergillus; C047368:3-methylquercetin; D011794:Quercetin; C003377:taxifolin; D044602:Cellulases; D011096:Polygalacturonase
keywords: Opuntia humifusa Raf; anti-complementary activity; anti-radical activity; enzyme-assisted extraction; high hydrostatic pressure