title: Activity of the plant-based repellent, TT-4302 against the ticks Amblyomma americanum, Dermacentor variabilis, Ixodes scapularis and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Acari: Ixodidae).
abstract: The plant-based repellent TT-4302 (5 % geraniol) was compared to deet (15 %) in laboratory two-choice bioassays against the ticks Amblyomma americanum, Dermacentor variabilis, Ixodes scapularis, and Rhipicephalus sanguineus. At 2.5 and 3.5 h after treatment of filter paper with TT-4302, 100 % repellency was observed for all species at both time points with the exception of I. scapularis at the 3.5 h evaluation where repellency was 95.8 %. Deet was 100 % repellent at both time points for D. variabilis and R. sanguineus and was 100 % repellent at the 2.5 h evaluation for I. scapularis. Repellency of deet to A. americanum was 88.9 and 95.8 % at 2.5 and 3.5 h, respectively which was not significantly different than that of TT-4302. No significant difference against I. scapularis was observed between TT-4302 and deet at 3.5 h after treatment where deet was 87.5 % repellent. A variant of TT-4302, TT-4228 was tested in the laboratory against A. americanum and was compared to deet (15 %) in field trials against wild populations of ticks in North Carolina, USA. In the laboratory, TT-4228 was 94.4 and 87.5 % repellent at 2.5 and 3.5 h after treatment, respectively. In the field where the predominant tick species was A. americanum, significantly fewer ticks were collected from socks worn by human volunteers that were treated with TT-4228 compared to those treated with deet 2.5 or 3.5 h after treatment. Significantly fewer ticks were recovered from socks treated with TT-4228 than their paired untreated controls 2.5 or 3.5 h after treatment and repellencies were 90 and 70 %, respectively. Fewer ticks were collected from deet-treated compared to their paired untreated socks 2.5 h after application; however, no significant difference was found in the number of ticks collected from deet-and untreated socks 3.5 h after treatment.
authors.affiliation: TyraTech, Inc., 5151 McCrimmon Pkwy, Ste. 275, Morrisville, NC, 27560, USA, bbissinger@tyratech.com.
authors.forename: B W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Bissinger
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Owens
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Kennedy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002755:Choice Behavior / Q000187:drug effects*; D003671:DEET; D005260:Female; D026863:Ixodidae / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D013729:Terpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: C588376:TT-4302; D013729:Terpenes; D003671:DEET
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