title: Genome mining expands the chemical diversity of the cyanobactin family to include highly modified linear peptides.
abstract: Ribosomal peptides are produced through the posttranslational modification of short precursor peptides. Cyanobactins are a growing family of cyclic ribosomal peptides produced by cyanobacteria. However, a broad systematic survey of the genetic capacity to produce cyanobactins is lacking. Here we report the identification of 31 cyanobactin gene clusters from 126 genomes of cyanobacteria. Genome mining suggested a complex evolutionary history defined by horizontal gene transfer and rapid diversification of precursor genes. Extensive chemical analyses demonstrated that some cyanobacteria produce short linear cyanobactins with a chain length ranging from three to five amino acids. The linear peptides were N-prenylated and O-methylated on the N and C termini, respectively, and named aeruginosamide and viridisamide. These findings broaden the structural diversity of the cyanobactin family to include highly modified linear peptides with rare posttranslational modifications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, PO Box 56, Viikki Biocenter, Viikinkaari 9, FIN-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Niina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Leikoski
authors.forename: Liwei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jouni
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jokela
authors.forename: Matti
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wahlsten
authors.forename: Muriel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gugger
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Calteau
authors.forename: Perttu
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Permi
authors.forename: Cheryl A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Kerfeld
authors.forename: Kaarina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sivonen
authors.forename: David P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Fewer
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000458:Cyanobacteria / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D005810:Multigene Family; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D012270:Ribosomes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010455:Peptides