title: Chemerin is expressed mainly in pancreas and liver, is regulated by energy deprivation, and lacks day/night variation in humans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chemerin is an adipocyte-secreted hormone and has recently been associated with obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Although studies in rodents have outlined the aspects of chemerin's function and expression, its physiology and expression patterns are still to be elucidated in humans.
  
  
  METHODS
  To evaluate for any day/night variation in chemerin secretion, we analyzed hourly serum samples from six females in the fed state. To examine whether energy deprivation affects chemerin levels, and whether this could be mediated through leptin, we analyzed samples from the same subjects in the fasting state while administering either placebo or leptin. To evaluate for any potential dose-effect relationship between leptin and chemerin, we administered increasing metreleptin doses to five females. A tissue array was used to study the expression of chemerin in different human tissues. Ex vivo treatment of human fat explants from three subjects with leptin was carried out to evaluate for any direct effect of leptin on adipocyte chemerin secretion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Chemerin does not display a day/night variation, while acute energy deprivation resulted in a significant drop in circulating chemerin levels by ∼42%. The latter was unaltered by metreleptin administration, and leptin administration did not affect the secretion of chemerin by human adipose tissue studied ex vivo. Chemerin was expressed primarily in the pancreas and liver. Chemerin receptor showed increased expression in the lymph nodes and the spleen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We outline for the first time chemerin expression and physiology in humans, which are different from those in mice.
authors.affiliation: Section of Endocrinology, Boston VA Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02130, USA.
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Chamberland
authors.forename: Reena L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Berman
authors.forename: Konstantinos N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Aronis
authors.forename: Christos S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Mantzoros
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D018925:Chemokines / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D005215:Fasting / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D020738:Leptin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D008099:Liver / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D010179:Pancreas / Q000502:physiology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C102741:CMKLR1 protein, human; D018925:Chemokines; D007328:Insulin; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D020738:Leptin; C478630:RARRES2 protein, human; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine; C415771:metreleptin
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