title: Breast MRI artefacts: evaluation and solutions in 630 consecutive patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the problems that may arise in breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) related to the presence of artefacts and pitfalls, in order to improve its accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six hundred and thirty breast MRI examinations performed using a 1.5 T magnet were analysed retrospectively. Each type of artefact that may have affected the correct interpretation of the acquired images was considered and analysed. In particular, the presence of technical artefacts, which are related to patient-dependent factors or to the examination itself, and non-technical artefacts, which are the result of inadequate and incorrect image interpretation occurring in absence of technical issues, were examined. In every case of suspicious findings, doubtful lesions were subjected to histological characterization for appropriate therapeutic planning. In the remainder of cases, patients underwent follow-up for at least 18 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Artefacts were found in 33% of all examinations, among those 48.6% were caused by movement, 33.6% were due to non-homogeneous or failed fat saturation, 8.7% to incorrect positioning of the patient, 7.2% to metallic artefacts, 1.4% to aliasing, and 0.5% were "zebra artefacts". When the artefact was identified in a sequence, the sequence was performed a second time after corrective measures. No artefacts affected diagnostic interpretation of the obtained images.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study provides a specific and precise review of the most frequent artefacts with a discussion of possible and practical solutions. A highly qualified team is required to perform accurate diagnostic tests and to limit or remove the possibility of misinterpretation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic and Molecular Imaging, Interventional Radiology and Radiation Therapy, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fiaschetti
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Pistolese
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Funel
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rascioni
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Claroni
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Della Gatta
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cossu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Perretta
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Simonetti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016477:Artifacts; D001940:Breast / Q000473:pathology*; D001941:Breast Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA