title: The role of respiratory viruses in adult patients with cystic fibrosis receiving intravenous antibiotics for a pulmonary exacerbation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Respiratory viruses have become increasingly recognised as important agents in pulmonary exacerbations in infants and children with CF. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of respiratory viruses during acute pulmonary exacerbations in adults and compare the severity of these exacerbations with non-viral associated exacerbations.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective case control study. Viral throat swabs were taken from all patients presenting with an acute pulmonary exacerbation requiring intravenous antibiotic treatment over a 12 month period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 432 pulmonary exacerbations in 180 adults. A positive viral PCR in 42 exacerbations indicated a prevalence of 9.7%. The commonest virus isolated was rhinovirus (n = 29, 69%) with influenza A/H1N1 in seven patients (16.7%). Exacerbations associated with a positive viral PCR had a greater fall in lung function at presentation with higher levels of inflammatory markers. They received more days of intravenous antibiotics, showed less response to treatment and had a shorter time to next pulmonary exacerbation compared to matched controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Viral associated pulmonary exacerbations in adults with CF are associated with more severe pulmonary involvement and respond less well to standard treatment.
authors.affiliation: Regional Adult Cystic Fibrosis Unit, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, United Kingdom. Electronic address: christine.etherington@leedsth.nhs.uk.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Etherington
authors.affiliation: Regional Adult Cystic Fibrosis Unit, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Naseer
authors.affiliation: Regional Adult Cystic Fibrosis Unit, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Conway
authors.affiliation: Regional Adult Cystic Fibrosis Unit, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Whitaker
authors.affiliation: Microbiology Department, Leeds General Infirmary, Great George Street, Leeds LS1 3BR, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Denton
authors.affiliation: Regional Adult Cystic Fibrosis Unit, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Peckham
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000821:virology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000302:isolation & purification; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D009981:Influenza B virus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D018184:Paramyxoviridae Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D010850:Picornaviridae Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D018410:Pneumonia, Bacterial / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000821:virology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012229:Rhinovirus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: Cystic fibrosis; Polymerase chain reaction; Pulmonary exacerbation; Respiratory viruses; Rhinovirus