title: Development of key indicators to quantify the health impacts of climate change on Canadians.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed at developing a list of key human health indicators for quantifying the health impacts of climate change in Canada.
  
  
  METHODS
  A literature review was conducted in OVID Medline to identify health morbidity and mortality indicators currently used to quantify climate change impacts. Public health frameworks and other studies of climate change indicators were reviewed to identify criteria with which to evaluate the list of proposed key indicators and a rating scale was developed. Total scores for each indicator were calculated based on the rating scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 77 health indicators were identified from the literature. After evaluation using the chosen criteria, 8 indicators were identified as the best for use. They include excess daily all-cause mortality due to heat, premature deaths due to air pollution (ozone and particulate matter 2.5), preventable deaths from climate change, disability-adjusted life years lost from climate change, daily all-cause mortality, daily non-accidental mortality, West Nile Disease incidence, and Lyme borreliosis incidence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is need for further data and research related to health effect quantification in the area of climate change.
authors.affiliation: Public Health and Preventive Medicine Residency, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, june.cheng@medportal.ca.
authors.forename: June J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Berry
mesh_terms: D000397:Air Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D057231:Climate Change; D003141:Communicable Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005523:Food Supply; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006358:Hot Temperature / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D009026:Mortality / Q000639:trends; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014881:Water Supply
references.citation: J Environ Health. 2001 Sep;64(2):20-8
references.pmid: 11544844
references.citation: J Occup Environ Med. 2009 Jan;51(1):13-25
references.pmid: 19136869
references.citation: Environ Health. 2012 Jun 28;11 Suppl 1:S4
references.pmid: 22759504
references.citation: Int J Public Health. 2010 Apr;55(2):81-2
references.pmid: 19921096
references.citation: Annu Rev Public Health. 2000;21:271-307
references.pmid: 10884955
references.citation: Int J Public Health. 2010 Apr;55(2):85-96
references.pmid: 19941059
references.citation: Med War. 1995 Oct-Dec;11(4):195-201
references.pmid: 8559117
references.citation: Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Sep;114(9):1318-24
references.pmid: 16966082
references.citation: Clim Change. 2008;88(1):5-19
references.pmid: 32214561
references.citation: Nature. 2005 Nov 17;438(7066):310-7
references.pmid: 16292302
references.citation: Environ Health Perspect. 2009 Nov;117(11):1673-81
references.pmid: 20049116
references.citation: Int J Public Health. 2012 Feb;57(1):167-74
references.pmid: 21931977