title: Polysaccharides from Rhizopus nigricans mycelia induced apoptosis and G2/M arrest in BGC-823 cells.
abstract: In this study, we reported that polysaccharides (RPS) from the mycelia of liquid-cultured Rhizopus nigricans inhibited the proliferation and clonogenic potential of human gastric cancer BGC-823 cells. Results of acridine orange/ethidium bromide and Hoechst 33258 staining showed that treated cells displayed typical morphological characteristics of apoptosis such as condensation of chromatin, nuclear pyknosis and formation of apoptotic bodies. Flow cytometry analyses and colorimetric assay indicated that RPS induced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis which was associated with collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential, activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3, generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species and elevation of intracellular calcium in BGC-823 cells. Moreover, cell-cycle analysis revealed that RPS arrested cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. These results provided further insights into the potential use of RPS as an anti-cancer agent against human gastric cancer.
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science and National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
authors.forename: Guochuang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Pengying
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Taotao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Wenqian
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Kaoshan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D053453:Caspase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D048430:Cell Shape / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D059565:G2 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D042541:Intracellular Space / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D007477:Ions; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D025282:Mycelium / Q000737:chemistry*; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012233:Rhizopus / Q000737:chemistry*; D014410:Tumor Stem Cell Assay
chemical_list: D007477:Ions; D011134:Polysaccharides; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D053148:Caspase 3; D053453:Caspase 9; D002118:Calcium
keywords: Apoptosis; Cell-cycle arrest; Human gastric cancer; Mycelia polysaccharides; Rhizopus nigricans