title: Mechanical and cytotoxicity testing of acrylic bone cement embedded with microencapsulated 2-octyl cyanoacrylate.
abstract: The water-reactive tissue adhesive 2-octyl cyanoacrylate (OCA) was microencapsulated in polyurethane shells and incorporated into Palacos R bone cement. The tensile and compressive properties of the composite material were investigated in accordance with commercial standards, and fracture toughness of the capsule-embedded bone cement was measured using the tapered double-cantilever beam geometry. Viability and proliferation of MG63 human osteosarcoma cells after culture with extracts from Palacos R bone cement, capsule-embedded Palacos R bone cement, and OCA were also analyzed. Incorporating up to 5 wt % capsules had little effect on the compressive and tensile properties of the composite, but greater than 5 wt % capsules reduced these values below commercial standards. Fracture toughness was increased by 13% through the incorporation of 3 wt % capsules and eventually decreased below the toughness of the capsule-free controls at capsule contents of 15 wt % and higher. The effect on cell proliferation and viability in response to extracts prepared from capsule-embedded and commercial bone cements were not significantly different from each other, whereas extracts from OCA were moderately toxic to cells. Overall, the addition of lower wt % of OCA-containing microcapsules to commercial bone cement was found to moderately increase static mechanical properties without increasing the toxicity of the material.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 136 Hudson Hall, Box 90281, Durham, North Carolina, 27708; Center for Biomolecular and Tissue Engineering, Duke University, 136 Hudson Hall, Box 90281, Durham, North Carolina, 27708.
authors.forename: Alice B W
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Brochu
authors.forename: Gregory A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: William M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Reichert
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001843:Bone Cements / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D019245:Compressive Strength; D003487:Cyanoacrylates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D004339:Drug Compounding; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D013718:Tensile Strength; D014014:Tissue Adhesives / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D001843:Bone Cements; D003487:Cyanoacrylates; D014014:Tissue Adhesives; C100832:octyl 2-cyanoacrylate; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate
keywords: biomaterial; bone cement; cytotoxicity; mechanical properties; self-healing
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