title: Functional characterization of core components of the Bacillus subtilis cyclic-di-GMP signaling pathway.
abstract: Bis-(3'-5')-cyclic dimeric GMP (c-di-GMP) is an intracellular second messenger that regulates adaptation processes, including biofilm formation, motility, and virulence in Gram-negative bacteria. In this study, we have characterized the core components of a c-di-GMP signaling pathway in the model Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis. Specifically, we have directly identified and characterized three active diguanylate cyclases, DgcP, DgcK, and DgcW (formerly YtrP, YhcK, and YkoW, respectively), one active c-di-GMP phosphodiesterase, PdeH (formerly YuxH), and a cyclic-diguanylate (c-di-GMP) receptor, DgrA (formerly YpfA). Furthermore, elevation of c-di-GMP levels in B. subtilis led to inhibition of swarming motility, whereas biofilm formation was unaffected. Our work establishes paradigms for Gram-positive c-di-GMP signaling, and we have shown that the concise signaling system identified in B. subtilis serves as a powerful heterologous host for the study of c-di-GMP enzymes from bacteria predicted to possess larger, more-complex signaling systems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry.
authors.forename: Xiaohui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Sampriti
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mukherjee
authors.forename: Paige M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Matthews
authors.forename: Loubna A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Hammad
authors.forename: Daniel B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Kearns
authors.forename: Charles E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Dann
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D017353:Gene Deletion; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial / Q000502:physiology*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D011485:Protein Binding; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; C062025:bis(3',5')-cyclic diguanylic acid; D006152:Cyclic GMP
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