title: Microvascular autologous breast reconstruction in the context of radiation therapy: comparing two reconstructive algorithms.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  When postmastectomy radiation therapy is anticipated, delaying autologous reconstruction prevents radiation delivery issues and radiation-induced contour irregularities. Delayed-immediate autologous breast reconstruction may allow for maintenance of the breast skin envelope as compared with delayed reconstruction with the temporary insertion of a tissue expander. The authors compared perioperative complications and revision surgery rates of comparative cohorts to determine which method is preferable.
  
  
  METHODS
  Delayed-immediate reconstruction was defined as placement of a temporary tissue expander in the first stage at the time of mastectomy before flap reconstruction, which occurred following postmastectomy radiation therapy. Delayed reconstruction was categorized as mastectomy with primary closure in the first stage followed by flap reconstruction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred fifty-two patients and 192 breasts met the study criteria for this retrospective review (delayed reconstruction, 118 breasts; delayed-immediate autologous breast reconstruction, 74 breasts). Patient age and body mass index were similar between groups (p>0.05). Perioperative first-stage complication rates were 8.5 percent in the delayed group and 10.8 percent in the delayed-immediate cohort (p=0.81). Total flap loss (2.5 versus 4.1 percent; p=0.68) and arterial (1.7 versus 1.4 percent; p=0.82) and venous (4.3 versus 5.4 percent; p=0.73) anastomotic revision rates were similar between the cohorts, respectively. Reoperative surgery occurred in 11.9 percent versus 9.6 percent in the delayed and delayed-immediate cohorts, respectively (p=0.69).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In comparing two treatment algorithms, flap-related complication rates are comparable. First-stage surgery results in a slightly increased complication rate in the delayed-immediate cohort. Improved overall results with delayed-immediate reconstruction are implied, given significantly decreased rates of revision surgery following flap reconstruction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Therapeutic, III.
authors.affiliation: Washington, D.C.; and Los Angeles, Calif. From the Department of Plastic Surgery, Georgetown University Hospital; and the Department of Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles.
authors.forename: Ketan M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Albino
authors.forename: Kenneth L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Eileen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Maurice Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Nahabedian
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006085:Graft Survival; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D016462:Mammaplasty / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D008408:Mastectomy / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000098:blood supply*; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous; D016896:Treatment Outcome
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