title: Hepatoprotective role of kaempferol during alcohol- and ΔPUFA-induced oxidative stress.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The present study aimed to analyze the effect of kaempferol on oxidative stress induced by alcohol and thermally oxidized polyunsaturated fatty acid (ΔPUFA) in male albino Wistar rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  The rats were divided into four groups. The animals in group 1 served as the normal group (standard diet), group 2 served as the hepatotoxic group (alcohol+ΔPUFA), group 3 served as the treated group (alcohol+ΔPUFA+kaempferol), and group 4 served as kaempferol control. The levels of marker enzyme γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT), lipid peroxidation markers [thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and lipid hydroperoxides (LH)], enzymatic antioxidants (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase), and nonenzymatic antioxidants (reduced glutathione, vitamin E, and vitamin C) were analyzed in liver to evaluate the effects of kaempferol.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The levels of GGT, TBARS, and LH were significantly increased in liver of the alcohol+ΔPUFA group and were found to be reduced on treatment with kaempferol. The levels of both enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants were decreased in liver of the alcohol+ΔPUFA group and were found to be restored on treatment with kaempferol.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  From the results obtained, we conclude that kaempferol protects the liver against alcohol- and ΔPUFA- induced oxidative stress.
authors.forename: Garima
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shakya
authors.forename: Selva
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Manjini
authors.forename: Muddasarul
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hoda
authors.forename: Rukkumani
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rajagopalan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D000431:Ethanol / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000009:adverse effects*; D044949:Kaempferols / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D044949:Kaempferols; D000431:Ethanol; C006552:kaempferol