title: Interleukin-25 (IL-25) promotes efficient protective immunity against Trichinella spiralis infection by enhancing the antigen-specific IL-9 response.
abstract: Mammalian hosts often develop distinct immune response against the diverse parasitic helminths that have evolved for immune evasion. Interleukin-25 (IL-25), an IL-17 cytokine family member, plays a key role in initiating the protective immunity against several parasitic helminths; however, the involvement and underlying mechanisms by which IL-25 mediates immune response against Trichinella spiralis infection have not been investigated. Here we showed that IL-25 functions in promoting protective immunity against T. spiralis infection. Mice treated with IL-25 exhibited a lower worm burden and fewer muscle larvae in the later stage of T. spiralis infection. In contrast, mice treated with neutralizing antibody against IL-25 failed to expel T. spiralis effectively. During T. spiralis infection, intestinal IL-25 expression was rapidly elevated before the onset of IL-4 and IL-9 induction. While antigen-specific Th2 and Th9 immune responses were both developed during T. spiralis infection, an antigen-specific Th9 response appeared to be transiently induced in the early stage of infection. Mice into which antigen-specific T cells deficient in IL-9 were transferred were less effective in worm clearance than those given wild-type T cells. The strength of the antigen-specific Th9 immune response against T. spiralis could be enhanced or attenuated after treatment with IL-25 or neutralizing antibody against IL-25, respectively, correlating positively with the levels of intestinal mastocytosis and the expression of IL-9-regulated genes, including mast cell- and Paneth cell-specific genes. Thus, our study demonstrates that intestinal IL-25 promotes protective immunity against T. spiralis infection by inducing antigen-specific Th9 immune response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand.
authors.forename: Pornpimon
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Angkasekwinai
authors.forename: Potjanee
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Srimanote
authors.forename: Yui-Hsi
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Anek
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pootong
authors.forename: Yuwaporn
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakolvaree
authors.forename: Kovit
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pattanapanyasat
authors.forename: Wanpen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chaicumpa
authors.forename: Sansanee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chaiyaroj
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000947:Antigens, Helminth / Q000276:immunology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000276:immunology; D016906:Interleukin-9 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007378:Interleukins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000166:cytology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D017160:Trichinella spiralis / Q000276:immunology*; D014235:Trichinellosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000947:Antigens, Helminth; D016906:Interleukin-9; D007378:Interleukins; C442281:Mydgf protein, mouse
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