title: Factors associated with surface-level caries incidence in children aged 9 to 13: the Iowa Fluoride Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  As dental caries can progress throughout a person's lifetime, understanding caries risk factors unique to specific life phases is important. This study aims to assess caries incidence and risk factors for young adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants in the longitudinal Iowa Fluoride Study were assessed for dental caries at approximately age 9 and again at age 13. These participants also filled out questionnaires concerning water sources, oral health habits, beverage intakes, parent education and family income. Caries progression (D2+ F) was analyzed at the surface level. Mixed effects logistic regression was used to assess associations between surface-specific first molar occlusal caries incidence and risk factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Caries incidence was quite low except on the first molar occlusal surfaces. In initial models of specific risk factors, incidence was positively associated with the surface having a D1 lesion at baseline, low family income, having untreated decay or fillings on other teeth at baseline, lower home water fluoride level, and higher soda pop consumption. In the final multiple variable model, significant interactions were found between tooth brushing frequency and initial D1 status, and also between family income and home tap water fluoride level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  D2+ F incidence on first molar occlusal surfaces in these young adolescents was associated with prior caries experience on other teeth as well as prior evidence of a D1 lesion on the occlusal surface. More frequent tooth brushing was protective of sound surfaces, and fluoride in home tap water was also protective, but significantly more so for adolescents in low-income families.
authors.affiliation: Preventive & Community Dentistry, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Broffitt
authors.forename: Steven M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Warren
authors.forename: Joseph E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Cavanaugh
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D018450:Disease Progression; D005459:Fluorides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D007484:Iowa / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D005459:Fluorides
keywords: adolescent; dental caries; incidence; risk factors
references.citation: J Appl Oral Sci. 2008 Nov-Dec;16(6):408-13
references.pmid: 19082400
references.citation: J Am Dent Assoc. 2010 Oct;141(10):1190-201
references.pmid: 20884921
references.citation: J Public Health Dent. 2002 Spring;62(2):109-14
references.pmid: 11989205
references.citation: Acta Odontol Scand. 1996 Apr;54(2):113-7
references.pmid: 8739143
references.citation: Vital Health Stat 11. 2007 Apr;(248):1-92
references.pmid: 17633507
references.citation: J Public Health Dent. 2009 Spring;69(2):111-5
references.pmid: 19054310
references.citation: Int J Paediatr Dent. 2005 May;15(3):190-6
references.pmid: 15854115
references.citation: Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1993 Dec;21(6):365-9
references.pmid: 8306614
references.citation: Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2002 Apr;30(2):108-14
references.pmid: 12000351
references.citation: Pediatr Dent. 2005 Nov-Dec;27(6):445-50
references.pmid: 16532883
references.citation: Acta Odontol Scand. 1989 Oct;47(5):315-21
references.pmid: 2589033
references.citation: MMWR Surveill Summ. 2005 Aug 26;54(3):1-43
references.pmid: 16121123
references.citation: Acta Odontol Scand. 1997 Jun;55(3):173-80
references.pmid: 9226428
references.citation: Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1988 Apr;16(2):98-103
references.pmid: 3162865
references.citation: J Public Health Dent. 2001 Spring;61(2):70-7
references.pmid: 11474917
references.citation: Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2001 Feb;29(1):37-47
references.pmid: 11153562
references.citation: J Dent Child (Chic). 2006 Jan-Apr;73(1):20-4
references.pmid: 16734309
references.citation: Swed Dent J. 2007;31(1):11-25
references.pmid: 17508706
references.citation: Pediatr Dent. 2011 May-Jun;33(3):233-40
references.pmid: 21703076