title: An in vitro study on the anti-adherence effect of Brucea javanica and Piper betle extracts towards oral Candida.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The adherence of Candida to mucosal surfaces is the initial step for successful invasive process of the oral cavity. The study aimed to investigate the effect of two plant extracts on the non-specific and specific bindings of oral candida.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the former, adsorption to hexadecane was used to measure the hydrophobic interaction of the candida cells. In the later, glass beads coated with saliva represented the experimental pellicles in specific adhesion of oral candida to hard tissue surface.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Candida krusei, Candida dubliniensis and Candida tropicalis showed the highest adsorption to hexadecane at 30.23%, 26.19% and 19.70%, respectively, while the others within the range of 7-10%. All candidal species were significantly affected by the extracts (P<0.05) with Brucea javanica exhibited more than 60% reduction of CSH than Piper betle. Candida parapsilosis showed the highest affinity in specific-bindings to pellicle with 18.72±0.71×10(5)CFU/ml. Exposing to P. betle-treated pellicle has drastically reduced the adherence of C. tropicalis, Candida albicans and C. krusei by 86.01%, 61.41% and 56.34%, respectively. B. javanica exhibited similar effect on C. tropicalis (89.86%), Candida lusitaniae (88.95%), C. albicans (79.74%), Candida glabrata (76.85%) and C. krusei (67.61%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The extracts demonstrated anti-adherence activities by modifying the CSH and the characteristics of the experimental pellicle.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. alfaisalnordin@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Mohd-Al-Faisal
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Nordin
authors.forename: Wan Himratul Aznita
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Wan Harun
authors.forename: Fathilah
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Abdul Razak
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D032269:Brucea; D002175:Candida / Q000187:drug effects*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects*; D044622:Dental Pellicle / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D031721:Piper betle; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012463:Saliva
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Anti-adherence; Brucea javanica; Candida spp.; Hydrophobicity; Oral health; Piper betle