title: Effect of cholecalciferol and levo carnitine on plasma glucose, plasma insulin and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effects of combined and individual supplementation of cholecalciferol and levo carnitine on plasma glucose, plasma insulin and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  The randomised controlled trial was conducted at the Department of Physiology, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, between October 2010 and April 2011. It comprised 80 healthy Sprague Dawley rats who were divided into four groups (n = 20 each). Rats were fed high-fat diet for 2 weeks followed by an intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin to induce type 2 diabetes mellitus. group I served as diabetic control; group II was given cholecalciferol; group III; levo carnitine; and group IV was administered cholecalciferol and levo carnitine together. After 6 days of supplementation, terminal intracardiac blood extraction was done and samples were analysed for fasting plasma glucose and plasma insulin. Insulin resistance was calculated by homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance. SPSS 17.0 was used for statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fasting plasma glucose levels were significantly decreased (p < 0.001) in the combined supplementation group compared to the diabetic control and individual supplementation groups. Combined supplementation showed a significant increase in fasting plasma insulin levels when compared with diabetic control and levo carnitine groups (p < 0.001), and the effect of combined supplementation on ameliorating insulin resistance was significantly better (p < 0.001) as compared to the individual supplementation of cholecalciferol and levo carnitine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combined supplementation of cholecalciferol and levo carnitine for 6 days markedly improved the glycaemic control, insulin secretion and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic rats on high-fat diet A prolonged supplementation by both the compounds along with caloric restriction may yield a more promising outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. khalid.1613@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Muhammad Khalid
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Anwar
authors.forename: Muhammad Mazhar
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.forename: Muhammad Alamgir
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Tausif
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ahmad
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D002331:Carnitine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002762:Cholecalciferol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D002762:Cholecalciferol; D002331:Carnitine