title: Assessment of intraoperative tube thoracostomy after diaphragmatic resection as part of debulking surgery for primary advanced-stage Müllerian cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study assessed the use of an intraoperative tube thoracostomy for patients with primary advanced-stage ovarian, fallopian tube, or peritoneal cancer who underwent a diaphragmatic resection as part of debulking surgery and to define which patients are more likely to benefit from an intraoperative tube thoracostomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  All consecutive patients with stage IIIC-IV Müllerian cancer who underwent diaphragmatic resection at our institution between April 2008 and March 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. When a full-thickness resection of the diaphragm was performed and the thoracic cavity was opened, a chest tube was routinely placed during surgery. Patient-, disease-, and surgery-related data were collected from the patients' medical records. The data were evaluated with particular attention directed at pleural effusion after diaphragmatic resection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 37 patients were included in this study. No complications associated with the intraoperative tube thoracostomy procedures occurred. An infection of the thoracic cavity occurred in one patient, following the presence of intra-abdominal abscess. The total volume of pleural drainage ranged from 88 to 2826 mL (median, 965 mL). The estimated blood loss, intraoperative blood transfusion, and area of the diaphragmatic opening were significantly associated with the total volume of pleural drainage in univariate analyses. In a multivariate analysis, the estimated blood loss was the only factor to be significantly associated with the total volume of pleural drainage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A prophylactic tube thoracostomy might be considered if the volume of the estimated blood loss is higher than usual.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology, Chiba University School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan. Electronic address: kazuyoshi.kato@jfcr.or.jp.
authors.forename: Kazuyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tate
authors.forename: Kyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishikimi
authors.forename: Makio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shozu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical; D001803:Blood Transfusion; D015505:Chest Tubes; D003964:Diaphragm / Q000601:surgery*; D004322:Drainage; D005185:Fallopian Tube Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D010534:Peritoneal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D010996:Pleural Effusion / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013907:Thoracostomy / Q000009:adverse effects
keywords: Chest tube; Diaphragmatic resection; Ovarian cancer; Pleural effusion