title: Syzygium jambos and Solanum guaraniticum show similar antioxidant properties but induce different enzymatic activities in the brain of rats.
abstract: Syzygium jambos and Solanum guaraniticum are both employed in Brazil as medicinal plants, even though their potential toxicity is not well established and they are frequently misused. The aim of this study was investigate the effect of the aqueous leaf extracts of both plants on δ-aminolevulinate dehydratase (δ-ALA-D) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities and the antioxidant action against oxidative damage induced by sodium nitroprusside in rats, using in vitro assays. In addition, the presence of gallic, caffeic and chlorogenic acids, as well as rutin, quercetin and kaempferol as bioactive compounds in the extracts was identified by HPLC and their levels quantified. The antioxidant activities of both extracts were assessed by their capabilities to scavenge nitric oxide and to inhibit lipid peroxidation. Only Syzygium jambos presented thiol-peroxidase-like activity. Although neither extract affected the AChE activity, the aqueous extract of Solanum guaraniticum inhibited brain δ-ALA-D activity, suggesting a possible impairment effect on the central nervous system. Our results showed that both extracts exhibited efficient free radical scavenger activity and are an interesting source of bioactive compounds, justifying their use in folk medicine, although Solanum guaraniticum extract could have neurotoxicity properties and we therefore suggest that its use should be restricted to ensure the health of the population.
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Program in Pharmacology, Department of Clinical and Toxicology Analysis, Health Science Center, Federal University of Santa Maria-UFSM, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bonfanti
authors.forename: Paula Rodrigues
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Bitencourt
authors.forename: Karine Santos de
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Bona
authors.forename: Priscila Sabino da
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Letícia B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Jantsch
authors.forename: Aline S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Pigatto
authors.forename: Aline
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boligon
authors.forename: Margareth L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Athayde
authors.forename: Thissiane L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.forename: Maria Beatriz
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Moretto
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D001938:Brazil; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry; D000623:Porphobilinogen Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D032322:Solanum / Q000737:chemistry*; D027842:Syzygium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D000623:Porphobilinogen Synthase
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