title: Binding of the biogenic polyamines to deoxyribonucleic acids of varying base composition: base specificity and the associated energetics of the interaction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The thermodynamics of the base pair specificity of the binding of the polyamines spermine, spermidine, putrescine, and cadaverine with three genomic DNAs Clostridium perfringens, 27% GC, Escherichia coli, 50% GC and Micrococcus lysodeikticus, 72% GC have been studied using titration calorimetry and the data supplemented with melting studies, ethidium displacement and circular dichroism spectroscopy results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Isothermal titration calorimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, optical melting studies, ethidium displacement, circular dichroism spectroscopy are the various techniques employed to characterize the interaction of four polyamines, spermine, spermidine, putersine and cadaverine with the DNAs. Polyamines bound stronger with AT rich DNA compared to the GC rich DNA and the binding varied depending on the charge on the polyamine as spermine>spermidine >putrescine>cadaverine. Thermodynamics of the interaction revealed that the binding was entropy driven with small enthalpy contribution. The binding was influenced by salt concentration suggesting the contribution from electrostatic forces to the Gibbs energy of binding to be the dominant contributor. Each system studied exhibited enthalpy-entropy compensation. The negative heat capacity changes suggested a role for hydrophobic interactions which may arise due to the non polar interactions between DNA and polyamines.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  From a thermodynamic analysis, the AT base specificity of polyamines to DNAs has been elucidated for the first time and supplemented by structural studies.
authors.affiliation: Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: Ayesha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kabir
authors.forename: Gopinatha
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Suresh Kumar
mesh_terms: D020856:AT Rich Sequence; D001482:Base Composition; D015317:Biogenic Polyamines / Q000737:chemistry*; D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D002942:Circular Dichroism; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry*; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D011700:Putrescine / Q000737:chemistry; D013095:Spermidine / Q000737:chemistry; D013096:Spermine / Q000737:chemistry; D013816:Thermodynamics
chemical_list: D015317:Biogenic Polyamines; D013096:Spermine; D004247:DNA; D013095:Spermidine; D011700:Putrescine
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