title: Simultaneous visualization of Propionibacterium acnes and Propionibacterium granulosum with immunofluorescence and fluorescence in situ hybridization.
abstract: Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) and Propionibacterium granulosum (P. granulosum) are common skin colonizers that are implicated as possible contributing factors in acne vulgaris development. We have established direct visualization tools for the simultaneous detection of these closely related species with immunofluorescence assay and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). As proof of principle, we were able to distinguish P. acnes and P. granulosum bacteria in multi-species populations in vitro as well as in a mock skin infection model upon labelling with 16S rRNA probes in combinatorial FISH as well as with antibodies. Furthermore, we report the co-localization of P. acnes and P. granulosum in the stratum corneum and hair follicles from patients with acne vulgaris as well as in healthy individuals. Further studies on the spatial distribution of these bacteria in skin structures in various skin disorders are needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biosciences/Pathology, Umeå University, Sweden.
authors.forename: Anika C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Jahns
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Oprica
authors.forename: Ismini
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Vassilaki
authors.forename: Irina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Golovleva
authors.forename: Ruth H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: Oleg A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Alexeyev
mesh_terms: D000152:Acne Vulgaris / Q000382:microbiology*; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique / Q000379:methods*; D018859:Hair Follicle / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D011424:Propionibacterium / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D012867:Skin / Q000382:microbiology
keywords: FISH; Propionibacterium acnes; Propionibacterium granulosum; Skin