title: Differences in the symptom experience of older oncology outpatients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The relatively low number of older patients in cancer trials limits knowledge of how older adults experience symptoms associated with cancer and its treatment.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluated for differences in the symptom experience across four older age groups (60-64, 65-69, 70-74, ≥75 years).
  
  
  METHODS
  Demographic, clinical, and symptom data from 330 patients aged >60 years who participated in one Australian and two U.S. studies were evaluated. The Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale was used to evaluate the occurrence, severity, frequency, and distress of 32 symptoms commonly associated with cancer and its treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On average, regardless of the age group, patients reported 10 concurrent symptoms. The most prevalent symptoms were physical in nature. Worrying was the most common psychological symptom. For 28 (87.5%) of the 32 Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale symptoms, no age-related differences were found in symptom occurrence rates. For symptom severity ratings, an age-related trend was found for difficulty swallowing. As age increased, severity of difficulty swallowing decreased. For symptom frequency, age-related trends were found for feeling irritable and diarrhea, with both decreasing in frequency as age increased. For symptom distress, age-related trends were found for lack of energy, shortness of breath, feeling bloated, and difficulty swallowing. As age increased, these symptoms received lower average distress ratings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Additional research is warranted to examine how age differences in symptom experience are influenced by treatment differences, aging-related changes in biological or psychological processes, or age-related response shift.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ritchie
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
authors.forename: Laura B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Dunn
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
authors.forename: Steven M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
authors.forename: Bruce A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Skerman
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Merriman
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Institute for Human Genetics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
authors.forename: Bradley
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Aouizerat
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Kimberly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Patsy
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yates
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
authors.forename: Janine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cataldo
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA. Electronic address: chris.miaskowski@nursing.ucsf.edu.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Miaskowski
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D010045:Outpatients; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Geriatric oncology; cancer; multiple concurrent symptoms; symptom assessment; symptom distress; symptoms
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