title: Tridimensional quantitative porosity characterization of three set calcium silicate-based repair cements for endodontic use.
abstract: The aim of the this study was to quantitatively evaluate in three-dimensional (3D), the porosity degree of three improved silicate-based endodontic repair cements (iRoot BP Plus®, Biodentine®, and Ceramicrete) compared to a gold-standard calcium silicate bioactive cement (Pro Root® MTA). From each tested cement, four samples were prepared by a single operator following the manufacturer's instructions in terms of proportion, time, and mixing method, using cylindrical plastic split-ring moulds. The moulds were lubricated and the mixed cements were inserted with the aid of a cement spatula. The samples were scanned using a compact micro-CT device (Skyscan 1174, Bruker micro-CT, Kontich, Belgium) and the projection images were reconstructed into cross-sectional slices (NRecon v.1.6.9, Bruker micro-CT). From the stack of images, 3D models were rendered and the porosity parameters of each tested material were obtained after threshold definition by comparison with standard porosity values of Biodentine®. No statistically significant differences in the porosity parameters among the different materials were seen. Regarding total porosity, iRoot BP Plus® showed a higher percentage of total porosity (9.58%), followed by Biodentine® (7.09%), Pro Root® MTA (6.63%), and Ceramicrete (5.91%). Regarding closed porosity, Biodentine® presented a slight increase in these numbers compared to the other sealers. No significant difference in porosity between iRoot BP Plus®, Biodentine®, and Ceramicrete were seen. In addition, no significant difference in porosity between the new calcium silicate-containing repair cements and the gold-standard MTA were found.
authors.affiliation: Health Sciences Center (UNIGRANRIO), Grande Rio University, Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Erika Thuanne Gonçalves
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: De Souza
authors.forename: Michele Dias
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Nunes Tameirão
authors.forename: Juliana Marins
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Roter
authors.forename: Joaquim Teixeira
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: De Assis
authors.forename: Aline
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Almeida Neves
authors.forename: Gustavo André
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: De-Deus
mesh_terms: D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D055032:Electron Microscope Tomography; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D016062:Porosity; D017640:Silicates / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D017610:Calcium Compounds; D003738:Dental Cements; D017640:Silicates; C031293:calcium silicate
keywords: 3D evaluation; MTA; calcium silicate cement; micro-CT; porosity