title: Effects of uric acid on endothelial dysfunction in early chronic kidney disease and its mechanisms.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  An increase in serum uric acid (UA) occurs during the early and middle stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and aggravates the deterioration of kidney function. This study aims to explore the relation between UA and endothelial dysfunction in early CKD and its mechanisms in a murine model.
  
  
  METHODS
  The experimental animals were randomly divided into three groups (n = 10): sham-operation group (control group), right nephrectomy only group (CKD group) and right nephrectomy with oxonic potassium group (CKD with hyperuricemia group). Furthermore, we analyzed the relation between UA and endothelial dysfunction indices in early CKD as well as its mechanisms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Linear regression analysis showed that the level of serum UA had a significant positive correlation with serum endothelin-1 and the percentage of collagen I positive area, but a negative correlation with serum nitric oxide (NO) and NO/endothelin-1 ratio. In addition, the level of serum UA had significant positive correlations with serum malonaldehyde, serum C-reactive protein, serum oxidatively-modified low-density lipoprotein and serum low-density lipoprotein, but a negative correlation with serum superoxide dismutase.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endothelial dysfunction in the CKD group was significant and had a positive correlation with the level of serum UA. Endothelial dysfunction in early CKD with hyperuricemia is perhaps related to oxidative stress, micro-inflammation and lipid oxidation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Jinshan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, No,1508 Longhang Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai 201508, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xiaorong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Bao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D033461:Hyperuricemia / Q000378:metabolism; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000097:blood*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D019332:Endothelin-1; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D014527:Uric Acid; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase
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