title: Experimental cross-species infection of common marmosets by titi monkey adenovirus.
abstract: Adenoviruses are DNA viruses that infect a number of vertebrate hosts and are associated with both sporadic and epidemic disease in humans. We previously identified a novel adenovirus, titi monkey adenovirus (TMAdV), as the cause of a fulminant pneumonia outbreak in a colony of titi monkeys (Callicebus cupreus) at a national primate center in 2009. Serological evidence of infection by TMAdV was also found in a human researcher at the facility and household family member, raising concerns for potential cross-species transmission of the virus. Here we present experimental evidence of cross-species TMAdV infection in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). Nasal inoculation of a cell cultured-adapted TMAdV strain into three marmosets produced an acute, mild respiratory illness characterized by low-grade fever, reduced activity, anorexia, and sneezing. An increase in virus-specific neutralization antibody titers accompanied the development of clinical signs. Although serially collected nasal swabs were positive for TMAdV for at least 8 days, all 3 infected marmosets spontaneously recovered by day 12 post-inoculation, and persistence of the virus in tissues could not be established. Thus, the pathogenesis of experimental inoculation of TMAdV in common marmosets resembled the mild, self-limiting respiratory infection typically seen in immunocompetent human hosts rather than the rapidly progressive, fatal pneumonia observed in 19 of 23 titi monkeys during the prior 2009 outbreak. These findings further establish the potential for adenovirus cross-species transmission and provide the basis for development of a monkey model useful for assessing the zoonotic potential of adenoviruses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Guixia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Shigeo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yagi
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Carrion
authors.forename: Eunice C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Kathleen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Brasky
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Lanford
authors.forename: Kristi R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: Karen L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Bales
authors.forename: David P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Schnurr
authors.forename: Don R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Canfield
authors.forename: Jean L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Patterson
authors.forename: Charles Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chiu
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D000257:Adenoviridae Infections / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology*; D000818:Animals; D002144:Callithrix / Q000821:virology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D008992:Monkey Diseases / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology*
references.citation: PLoS Pathog. 2011 Jul;7(7):e1002155
references.pmid: 21779173
references.citation: J Virol. 1993 Jan;67(1):101-11
references.pmid: 8380066
references.citation: Comp Med. 2003 Aug;53(4):383-92
references.pmid: 14524414
references.citation: Arch Ophthalmol. 1992 Aug;110(8):1167-70
references.pmid: 1323254
references.citation: Virology. 2010 Nov 10;407(1):1-6
references.pmid: 20797754
references.citation: J Virol. 2007 Jun;81(11):5978-84
references.pmid: 17360747
references.citation: Emerg Infect Dis. 2006 Oct;12(10):1596-9
references.pmid: 17176582
references.citation: PLoS Genet. 2011 Mar;7(3):e1001342
references.pmid: 21436896
references.citation: Bioinformatics. 2012 Jun 15;28(12):1647-9
references.pmid: 22543367
references.citation: Clin Microbiol Rev. 1996 Jan;9(1):18-33
references.pmid: 8665474
references.citation: Emerg Infect Dis. 2003 Feb;9(2):246-50
references.pmid: 12603998
references.citation: Rev Med Virol. 2003 May-Jun;13(3):155-71
references.pmid: 12740831
references.citation: J Gen Virol. 2004 Nov;85(Pt 11):3361-3366
references.pmid: 15483252
references.citation: J Virol. 2009 May;83(9):4000-12
references.pmid: 19211739
references.citation: Virology. 2011 Nov 25;420(2):117-24
references.pmid: 21959017
references.citation: J Bacteriol. 1937 Jan;33(1):1-12
references.pmid: 16559982
references.citation: J Virol. 2011 Oct;85(20):10774-84
references.pmid: 21835802
references.citation: J Med Primatol. 2009 Oct;38(5):347-59
references.pmid: 19522731
references.citation: J Clin Microbiol. 2007 Jul;45(7):2144-50
references.pmid: 17460053
references.citation: Curr Opin Virol. 2012 Jun;2(3):357-62
references.pmid: 22709521
references.citation: Emerg Infect Dis. 2012 Jul;18(7):1081-8
references.pmid: 22709783
references.citation: J Virol. 2008 Sep;82(18):9043-55
references.pmid: 18614635
references.citation: J Clin Microbiol. 1983 Feb;17(2):360-4
references.pmid: 6339552
references.citation: Emerg Infect Dis. 2005 Nov;11(11):1730-7
references.pmid: 16318725
references.citation: J Infect Dis. 2009 May 15;199(10):1427-34
references.pmid: 19351259
references.citation: PLoS Pathog. 2009 Jul;5(7):e1000503
references.pmid: 19578438
references.citation: J Mol Biol. 1990 Oct 5;215(3):403-10
references.pmid: 2231712