title: Association of urinary phytoestrogen concentrations with serum concentrations of prostate-specific antigen in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
abstract: Some clinical trials have shown that high phytoestrogen intake may decrease serum concentrations of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and phytoestrogens may also lower prostate cancer risk. It was the aim of this study to examine the relationship between the serum PSA level and urine phytoestrogen concentration in generally healthy U.S. men. Eight hundred twenty-four men, 40+ yr old without prostate cancer, who participated in the 2001-2004 NHANES surveys, were included in the analysis. The association of total PSA, free PSA, and PSA ratio [free PSA/total PSA * 100] with concentrations of isoflavones and lignans (standardized for urinary creatinine concentration) was examined using multivariable-adjusted linear and logistic regression models. The linear regression analyses showed no clear association between creatinine-standardized urinary phytoestrogen concentrations and serum total or free PSA levels or PSA ratio. However, the odds of having a PSA ratio <15% rose from Quartile 1 to Quartile 4 of isoflavone excretion (odds ratio = 2.82, 95% confidence interval 1.28-6.22 for top vs. bottom quartile), but there were no associations with having a PSA ratio <25%. In generally healthy U.S. men, 40+ yr old without a diagnosis of prostate cancer, urinary isoflavone, and lignan concentrations were not associated with serum PSA level.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Walser-Domjan
authors.forename: Aline
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Richard
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eichholzer
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Platz
authors.forename: Jakob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Linseisen
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rohrmann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D007529:Isoflavones / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D017705:Lignans / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D016014:Linear Models; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D016017:Odds Ratio; D048789:Phytoestrogens / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000652:urine*; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
chemical_list: D007529:Isoflavones; D017705:Lignans; D048789:Phytoestrogens; D003404:Creatinine; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen
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