title: Sex differences in college students' free drawings and their relationship to 2D:4D ratio and recalled childhood play behavior.
abstract: In a prior study, we observed that female-typical characteristics in elementary school girls' drawings were correlated with a feminized digit ratio (2D:4D), a marker for prenatal androgen exposure. However, this observation was limited to older girls, suggesting that social factors mediate the relationship between 2D:4D and drawing. To examine the hypothesis that the influence of prenatal androgen on girls' drawing is mediated by an effect of early androgens on sex-typical behavior, we examined 2D:4D, free drawings, and scores on the Recalled Childhood Gender Identity (RCGI) Questionnaire in a population of college students. Characteristics of participants' free drawings were assessed and those that showed sex differences were compared with 2D:4D and RCGI scores. Men had smaller 2D:4D ratios than women, used fewer total colors, used fewer pinks, purples, and blues, and had higher gender-typical scores on the RCGI. Women's drawings were more likely to contain flowers and animals and men's drawings were more likely to represent sports. Within-sex RCGI and 2D:4D scores were not significantly correlated. Significant within-sex relationships between 2D:4D and RCGI and drawing behavior were observed but the effects appeared to be independent; the hypothesis that gender-typical childhood behavior mediates the effect of prenatal androgen on drawing characteristics was not supported.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Amherst College, Amherst, MA, 01002, USA.
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rothkopf
authors.forename: Sarah M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Turgeon
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000728:Androgens; D000818:Animals; D000886:Anthropometry; D005260:Female; D005385:Fingers / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005783:Gender Identity; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D010988:Play and Playthings; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D013177:Sports; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens