title: Diagnosis of bladder outlet obstruction in men using a near-infrared spectroscopy instrument as the noninvasive monitor for bladder function.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the feasibility and accuracy of the diagnosis of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) in men using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) as a noninvasive monitor.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 94 patients with lower urinary tract symptoms owing to benign prostatic hyperplasia. All patients underwent uroflow rate and post-void residual (PVR) followed by NIRS assessment of BOO and pressure-flow study for diagnosis. The results of the NIRS were compared with that of the pressure-flow study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The data of 87 patients were finally enrolled in this study. According to the BOO judged by the NIRS, the 87 patients were divided into an obstruction group (52 cases) and a nonobstruction group (35 cases). The differences in the Abrams-Griffiths number, the linear passive urethral resistance relation value, and urethral resistance factor value between the 2 groups were significant (P ≤.001), indicating the practical significance of the NIRS method in the diagnosis of BOO. Further analysis showed the following: (1) the NIRS has a sensitivity of approximately 68.3%, specificity of 62.5%, and average diagnosis coincidence rate of 66.7% compared with the "gold standards"-Abrams-Griffiths number, and (2) the sensitivity (68.3%) and the coincidence rate (66.7%) of the NIRS diagnosis for BOO were significantly higher than the sensitivity (33.3%) and the coincidence rate (48.3%) of the examination method of free uroflow rate + PVR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with the "maximum uroflow rate (Qmax) + PVR", NIRS can be more accurate and noninvasive for the diagnosis of BOO in men; this approach provides a new noninvasive method of high clinical value.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Beijing ChaoYang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. Electronic address: seabottlezp@sina.com.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Zhi-jin
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Chao-hua
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xiao-dong
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000465:Algorithms; D015992:Body Mass Index; D006801:Humans; D059411:Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms / Q000175:diagnosis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000150:complications*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors; D001748:Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology*; D014563:Urodynamics