title: A genome-wide association study (GWAS) for bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Twin studies suggest that heritability of moderate-severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is 53% to 79%, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify genetic variants associated with the risk for BPD.
  
  
  METHODS
  The discovery GWAS was completed on 1726 very low birth weight infants (gestational age = 25(0)-29(6/7) weeks) who had a minimum of 3 days of intermittent positive pressure ventilation and were in the hospital at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age. At 36 weeks' postmenstrual age, moderate-severe BPD cases (n = 899) were defined as requiring continuous supplemental oxygen, whereas controls (n = 827) inhaled room air. An additional 795 comparable infants (371 cases, 424 controls) were a replication population. Genomic DNA from case and control newborn screening bloodspots was used for the GWAS. The replication study interrogated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified in the discovery GWAS and those within the HumanExome beadchip.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Genotyping using genomic DNA was successful. We did not identify SNPs associated with BPD at the genome-wide significance level (5 × 10(-8)) and no SNP identified in previous studies reached statistical significance (Bonferroni-corrected P value threshold .0018). Pathway analyses were not informative.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We did not identify genomic loci or pathways that account for the previously described heritability for BPD. Potential explanations include causal mutations that are genetic variants and were not assayed or are mapped to many distributed loci, inadequate sample size, race ethnicity of our study population, or case-control differences investigated are not attributable to underlying common genetic variation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, and cHoward Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Krystal R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: St Julien
authors.forename: David K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Stevenson
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.forename: John S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Witte
authors.forename: Laura C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Lazzeroni
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Krasnow
authors.forename: Cecele C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Quaintance
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Oehlert
authors.forename: Laura L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Jelliffe-Pawlowski
authors.forename: Jeffrey B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Gould
authors.forename: Gary M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: Hugh M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: O'Brodovich
mesh_terms: D001997:Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia / Q000235:genetics*; D002140:California; D059472:Exome / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D014644:Genetic Variation / Q000235:genetics; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D005838:Genotype; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D019102:Infant, Very Low Birth Weight; D008297:Male; D008957:Models, Genetic; D010641:Phenotype; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: chronic lung disease; genetic predisposition to disease; genome-wide association study (GWAS); premature; very low birth weight infant
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