title: Changes on facial profile in the mixed dentition, from natural growth and induced by Balters' bionator appliance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the facial profile changes induced by Balters' bionator appliance in Class II division 1 patients, at mixed dentition stage.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample consisted of 28 pre-pubertal individuals at stages 1 and 2 of skeletal maturation (CVM), which were divided into two groups. The experimental group consisted of 14 individuals (7 boys and 7 girls, initial mean age of 8y12m) which were treated with Balters' bionator appliance for 14.7 months. The effects of treatment were compared to a control group of 14 subjects (7 boys and 7 girls, initial mean age of 8y5m) with Class II malocclusion, division 1, not orthodontically treated, which were followed up for 15.4 months. The statistical analysis was performed using Student's t test, at a significance level of 5%.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that the Balters' bionator appliance promoted a significant increase on the mentolabial angle, in addition to demonstrating a tendency to reduce the facial skeletal convexity, to restrict the maxillary growth and to increase the nasolabial angle and the lower anterior facial height.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It can be concluded that the Balters' bionator appliance improved the facial profile of children treated at mixed dentition stage.
authors.affiliation: Dental School of Araraquara - State University of São Paulo (FOA-UNESP), Brazil. denisergoes@gmail.com
authors.forename: Denise Rocha Goes
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Landázuri
authors.forename: Dirceu Barnabé
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Raveli
authors.forename: Ary
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: dos Santos-Pinto
authors.forename: Luana Paz Sampaio
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Dib
authors.forename: Savana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maia
mesh_terms: D000202:Activator Appliances; D000365:Age Determination by Skeleton; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002508:Cephalometry; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002648:Child; D003818:Dentition, Mixed; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000628:therapy*; D008445:Maxillofacial Development / Q000502:physiology*; D063173:Retrognathia / Q000628:therapy*; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: Activator appliances; Angle Class II malocclusion; Cephalometry