title: Clinicopathological features and treatment outcomes of metastatic tumors in the stomach.
abstract: The metastasis of tumors to the stomach is rare, which underlies the clinical problems regarding their diagnosis and treatment. The present review summarizes the current knowledge regarding the clinicopathological characteristics, therapeutic strategies and outcomes for metastatic tumors in the stomach. The primary malignancies of the metastatic tumors in the stomach were most often breast cancers (27.9 %), followed by lung cancer (23.8 %), esophageal cancer (19.1 %), renal cell carcinoma (RCC; 7.6 %) and malignant melanoma (7.0 %). In cases of breast cancer and RCC as the primary malignancy, the median interval between the treatment of the primary tumor and diagnosis of the metastatic tumor in the stomach (IPM) was 50-78 and 75.6 months, respectively, highlighting the fact that the metastatic spread to the stomach may occur many years after the initial treatment of the cancer. In nine patients with metastatic gastric tumors arising from ovarian cancer, an endoscopic examination revealed submucosal tumors in six patients (66.7 %), with a median IPM of 30 months. Appropriate systemic treatment for these tumors is the preferred therapeutic strategy. Although solitary metachronous gastric metastasis several years after treatment of the primary tumor is an exceptionally rare event, surgical resection of metastatic gastric tumors may be recommended to control hemorrhaging or for selected tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Kochi Medical School, Kohasu, Oko-cho, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan, tsutomun@kochi-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Namikawa
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hanazaki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005743:Gastrectomy; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
references.citation: Gastrointest Endosc. 2005 Apr;61(4):610-1
references.pmid: 15812422
references.citation: Anticancer Res. 2002 Mar-Apr;22(2B):1209-12
references.pmid: 12168927
references.citation: Cancer. 1982 Jan 1;49(1):170-2
references.pmid: 6274500
references.citation: Cancer. 1990 Apr 1;65(7):1596-600
references.pmid: 2311070
references.citation: Am J Surg Pathol. 2001 Dec;25(12):1485-92
references.pmid: 11717537
references.citation: Gastrointest Endosc. 2011 Jul;74(1):231-3
references.pmid: 21168837
references.citation: J Gastroenterol. 2005 Sep;40(9):921-3
references.pmid: 16211356
references.citation: Oncol Rep. 2005 Dec;14(6):1527-31
references.pmid: 16273250
references.citation: Surg Oncol. 2006 Dec;15(4):267-70
references.pmid: 17467272
references.citation: Am J Gastroenterol. 1998 Jan;93(1):111-4
references.pmid: 9448188
references.citation: World J Surg. 2007 Aug;31(8):1597-601
references.pmid: 17578645
references.citation: J Oncol Pharm Pract. 2014 Feb;20(1):11-28
references.pmid: 23493335
references.citation: Br J Clin Pract. 1986 Jul;40(7):298-9
references.pmid: 3741746
references.citation: Endoscopy. 2012;44 Suppl 2 UCTN:E177-8
references.pmid: 22622731
references.citation: Cancer. 2000 Dec 1;89(11):2214-21
references.pmid: 11147591
references.citation: Gastrointest Endosc. 2010 Mar;71(3):500-4
references.pmid: 20189507
references.citation: Int J Surg Case Rep. 2012;3(8):385-8
references.pmid: 22634567
references.citation: Surg Clin North Am. 2010 Apr;90(2):251-63
references.pmid: 20362785
references.citation: World J Surg Oncol. 2007 Jul 09;5:75
references.pmid: 17620117
references.citation: Colorectal Dis. 2012 Jun;14(6):e305-11
references.pmid: 22251405
references.citation: Gut Liver. 2009 Sep;3(3):211-4
references.pmid: 20431748
references.citation: Oncol Lett. 2012 Oct;4(4):631-636
references.pmid: 23205075
references.citation: Histopathology. 2005 Nov;47(5):445-57
references.pmid: 16241992
references.citation: Breast. 2010 Oct;19(5):355-9
references.pmid: 20347310
references.citation: Cancer Res Treat. 2008 Jun;40(2):93-6
references.pmid: 19688055
references.citation: Gynecol Oncol. 1994 Oct;55(1):152-5
references.pmid: 7959258
references.citation: Cancer. 1985 Nov 1;56(9):2235-41
references.pmid: 4052968
references.citation: World J Surg. 2004 Jun;28(6):548-51
references.pmid: 15366743
references.citation: Gastrointest Endosc. 2004 Jun;59(7):923-4
references.pmid: 15173817
references.citation: Gastric Cancer. 2006;9(1):19-25
references.pmid: 16557432
references.citation: World J Gastroenterol. 2006 Dec 7;12(45):7326-8
references.pmid: 17143949
references.citation: Gastrointest Endosc. 2003 Dec;58(6):933-5
references.pmid: 14652570
references.citation: Endoscopy. 2001 Jun;33(6):507-10
references.pmid: 11437044
references.citation: Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2012 Feb;136(2):155-62
references.pmid: 22288962
references.citation: Gastrointest Endosc. 2014 Feb;79(2):332-3
references.pmid: 24246795
references.citation: Gastrointest Endosc. 2011 Jul;74(1):223-5
references.pmid: 21704820
references.citation: Case Rep Gastrointest Med. 2012;2012:610527
references.pmid: 22811942
references.citation: Endoscopy. 2012;44 Suppl 2 UCTN:E160-1
references.pmid: 22622721
references.citation: Eur J Surg Oncol. 2009 May;35(5):449-55
references.pmid: 19147324
references.citation: Gastrointest Endosc. 2011 Oct;74(4):933-5
references.pmid: 21951481