title: Evaluation of the efficacy of rotary vs. hand files in root canal preparation of primary teeth in vitro using CBCT.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of rotary ProFile, ProTaper, Hero Shaper and K-files in shaping ability, cleaning efficacy, preparation time and instrument distortion in primary molars.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty extracted primary mandibular second molars were divided into four equal groups: Group I K-file, Group II ProFile, Group III ProTaper file and Group IV Hero Shaper file. The shaping ability was determined by comparing pre- and post-instrumentation CBCT scans and data analysed with SPSS program using the Chi-square test. Cleaning efficacy was evaluated by the degree of India ink removal from the canal walls under stereomicroscopy. Instrumentation times were calculated for each tooth and instrument distortion was visually checked and duly noted. The cleaning efficacy and instrumentation time were determined using ANOVA with Tukey's correction. Instrument distortion was analysed using Chi-square test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The canal taper was significantly more conical for rotary files as compared to K-files with Chi-square test (p < 0.05). Cleaning efficacy of rotary files with average scores (Groups II- 0.68, III- 0.48 and IV- 0.58) was significantly better than K-files (Group I- 0.93) (p < 0.05). Mean instrumentation time with K-file (20.7 min) was significantly higher than rotary files (Groups II 8.9, III 5.6, and IV 8.1 min) (p < 0.05). Instrument distortion was observed in Group I (4.3%), while none of the rotary files were distorted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rotary files prepared more conical canals in primary teeth than manual instruments. Reduced preparation time with rotary files enhances patient cooperation especially in young children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, M. A. Rangoonwala College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Azam Campus, K. B. Hidayatulla Road, Camp, Pune, 411001, MS, India, pedoprass@gmail.com.
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Musale
authors.forename: S A V
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Mujawar
mesh_terms: D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008422:Materials Testing; D008963:Molar / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012399:Rotation; D013997:Time Factors; D014094:Tooth, Deciduous / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*
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