title: Description of an Audio-Based Paced Respiration Intervention for Vasomotor Symptoms.
abstract: Millions of women experience menopause-related hot flashes or flushes that may have a negative effect on their quality of life. Hormone therapy is an effective treatment, however, it may be contraindicated or unacceptable for some women based on previous health complications or an undesirable risk-benefit ratio. Side effects and the unacceptability of hormone therapy have created a need for behavioral interventions to reduce hot flashes. A variety of complex, multimodal behavioral, relaxation-based interventions have been studied with women (n = 88) and showed generally favorable results. However, currently extensive resource commitments reduce the translation of these interventions into standard care. Slow, deep breathing is a common component in most interventions and may be the active ingredient leading to reduced hot flashes. This article describes the content of an audio-based program designed to teach paced breathing to reduce hot flashes. Intervention content was based on skills training theory and music entrainment. The audio intervention provides an efficient way to deliver a breathing intervention that may be beneficial to other clinical populations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Music and Arts Technology, Purdue University School of Engineering and Technology, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
authors.forename: Debra S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Burns
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Drews
authors.forename: Janet S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Carpenter
keywords: entrainment; hot flashes; music medicine; paced respiration
references.citation: Climacteric. 2007 Feb;10(1):38-45
references.pmid: 17364603
references.citation: JAMA. 2003 Oct 1;290(13):1729-38
references.pmid: 14519707
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 2003 Aug 7;349(6):523-34
references.pmid: 12904517
references.citation: J Pain Symptom Manage. 2002 Jun;23(6):501-9
references.pmid: 12067774
references.citation: Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback. 2005 Mar;30(1):21-30
references.pmid: 15889583
references.citation: Am J Hum Biol. 2001 Jul-Aug;13(4):453-64
references.pmid: 11400216
references.citation: Menopause. 2006 Sep-Oct;13(5):760-9
references.pmid: 16932242
references.citation: J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 1997 Dec;28(4):251-61
references.pmid: 9489686
references.citation: Am J Health Promot. 2007 Nov-Dec;22(2):83-92
references.pmid: 18019884
references.citation: Arch Intern Med. 2006 Jun 26;166(12):1262-8
references.pmid: 16801508
references.citation: J Consult Clin Psychol. 1984 Dec;52(6):1072-9
references.pmid: 6394631
references.citation: Womens Health Issues. 2005 Jul-Aug;15(4):187-95
references.pmid: 16051110
references.citation: Psychooncology. 2009 May;18(5):560-3
references.pmid: 18646246
references.citation: Nurs Res. 2013 Jan-Feb;62(1):59-65
references.pmid: 23222844
references.citation: Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). 1994;6(5):297-9
references.pmid: 7826921
references.citation: J Appl Physiol (1985). 1986 Sep;61(3):1185-91
references.pmid: 3759758
references.citation: Lancet. 2004 Feb 7;363(9407):453-5
references.pmid: 14962527
references.citation: Exp Brain Res. 2000 Nov;135(2):222-30
references.pmid: 11131507
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 2004 Mar 4;350(10):991-1004
references.pmid: 14999111
references.citation: JAMA. 2002 Jul 17;288(3):321-33
references.pmid: 12117397
references.citation: Int J Behav Med. 2006;13(2):163-72
references.pmid: 16712434
references.citation: J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 1983 Jun;14(2):137-40
references.pmid: 6352742
references.citation: J Gen Intern Med. 2013 Feb;28(2):193-200
references.pmid: 22936289
references.citation: Oncol Nurs Forum. 2004 May;31(3):591-5598
references.pmid: 15146224
references.citation: JAMA. 2003 May 28;289(20):2651-62
references.pmid: 12771112
references.citation: J Pain Symptom Manage. 2004 Jun;27(6):513-22
references.pmid: 15165649
references.citation: JAMA. 2004 Oct 6;292(13):1573-80
references.pmid: 15467059
references.citation: JAMA. 2003 Jun 25;289(24):3243-53
references.pmid: 12824205
references.citation: J Clin Oncol. 1995 Nov;13(11):2737-44
references.pmid: 7595732
references.citation: Menopause. 2006 Jul-Aug;13(4):576-83
references.pmid: 16837879
references.citation: Pain Med. 2009 Nov;10(8):1334-40
references.pmid: 19671085
references.citation: J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 1996 Dec;17(4):202-7
references.pmid: 8997686
references.citation: Maturitas. 1997 Jul;27(3):203-14
references.pmid: 9288692
references.citation: Oncol Nurs Forum. 2002 Apr;29(3):E16-25
references.pmid: 11979290
references.citation: CA Cancer J Clin. 2013 May;63(3):167-92
references.pmid: 23355109
references.citation: J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2004 Nov;13(9):986-92
references.pmid: 15665655
references.citation: Psychother Psychosom. 2006;75(5):298-303
references.pmid: 16899966
references.citation: J Music Ther. 1998;35(4):228-241
references.pmid: 10519837
references.citation: IEEE Eng Med Biol Mag. 1999 Mar-Apr;18(2):101-8
references.pmid: 10101675
references.citation: Support Care Cancer. 2009 Oct;17(10):1301-9
references.pmid: 19214594
references.citation: Maturitas. 2007 Jul 20;57(3):286-95
references.pmid: 17336473
references.citation: Lancet Oncol. 2012 Mar;13(3):309-18
references.pmid: 22340966
references.citation: Psychooncology. 2007 May;16(5):487-92
references.pmid: 17048223
references.citation: Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1992 Aug;167(2):436-9
references.pmid: 1497048
references.citation: Menopause. 2011 Jun;18(6):611-20
references.pmid: 21372745
references.citation: Am J Electroneurodiagnostic Technol. 2006 Dec;46(4):343-55
references.pmid: 17285817
references.citation: Aviat Space Environ Med. 1999 Dec;70(12):1189-92
references.pmid: 10596772
references.citation: J Natl Cancer Inst. 2000 Jul 5;92(13):1054-64
references.pmid: 10880548
references.citation: Obstet Gynecol. 2001 Sep;98(3):391-7
references.pmid: 11530118
references.citation: Ann Oncol. 2006 Apr;17(4):584-7
references.pmid: 16443612
references.citation: Maturitas. 2007 Feb 20;56(2):198-204
references.pmid: 16979311