title: Early lung cancer diagnosis by biosensors.
abstract: Lung cancer causes an extreme threat to human health, and the mortality rate due to lung cancer has not decreased during the last decade. Prognosis or early diagnosis could help reduce the mortality rate. If microRNA and tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), as well as the corresponding autoantibodies, can be detected prior to clinical diagnosis, such high sensitivity of biosensors makes the early diagnosis and prognosis of cancer realizable. This review provides an overview of tumor-associated biomarker identifying methods and the biosensor technology available today. Laboratorial researches utilizing biosensors for early lung cancer diagnosis will be highlighted.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China. kekedemajiao@live.cn
authors.forename: Yuqian
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Dongliang
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Lixing
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Weng
authors.forename: Lianhui
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000097:blood; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000175:diagnosis*; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D001323:Autoantibodies; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D035683:MicroRNAs
references.citation: Cancer Lett. 2012 Dec 31;327(1-2):142-52
references.pmid: 22120674
references.citation: CA Cancer J Clin. 2013 Mar-Apr;63(2):88-105
references.pmid: 23378235
references.citation: Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2013 Jan;40(1):133-40
references.pmid: 23064544
references.citation: J Am Chem Soc. 2012 Aug 22;134(33):13843-9
references.pmid: 22849568
references.citation: J Nucl Med. 2007 Oct;48(10):1592-8
references.pmid: 17873138
references.citation: Nat Biotechnol. 2003 Nov;21(11):1387-95
references.pmid: 14595367
references.citation: Proteomics. 2001 Oct;1(10):1279-87
references.pmid: 11721639
references.citation: Cancer Res. 2001 Nov 1;61(21):7908-12
references.pmid: 11691811
references.citation: Nat Methods. 2008 Sep;5(9):763-75
references.pmid: 18756197
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 2011 Aug 4;365(5):395-409
references.pmid: 21714641
references.citation: J Phys Chem B. 2006 Jul 13;110(27):13352-6
references.pmid: 16821853
references.citation: Proteomics. 2003 Jan;3(1):56-63
references.pmid: 12548634
references.citation: J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2003 Nov 25;797(1-2):229-40
references.pmid: 14630152
references.citation: Anal Chem. 2012 Jul 17;84(14):5898-904
references.pmid: 22681722
references.citation: Mol Cell Proteomics. 2006 Oct;5(10):1745-59
references.pmid: 16733262
references.citation: Anal Chim Acta. 2009 Sep 28;651(1):91-7
references.pmid: 19733741
references.citation: Biomark Med. 2013 Feb;7(1):49-58
references.pmid: 23387484
references.citation: Anal Bioanal Chem. 2009 Feb;393(4):1173-82
references.pmid: 19104783
references.citation: Nat Protoc. 2007;2(5):1152-65
references.pmid: 17546006
references.citation: Lung Cancer. 2013 May;80(2):223-7
references.pmid: 23410826
references.citation: Methods Mol Biol. 2008;441:175-92
references.pmid: 18370319
references.citation: Nat Protoc. 2007;2(10):2383-90
references.pmid: 17947980
references.citation: Biosens Bioelectron. 2013 May 15;43:69-74
references.pmid: 23277342
references.citation: ACS Nano. 2012 Sep 25;6(9):7607-14
references.pmid: 22880609
references.citation: Sheng Wu Hua Xue Yu Sheng Wu Wu Li Xue Bao (Shanghai). 2002 Mar;34(2):171-5
references.pmid: 12006991
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 2005 Sep 22;353(12):1224-35
references.pmid: 16177248
references.citation: Anal Chem. 2010 Jun 1;82(11):4434-40
references.pmid: 20433153
references.citation: Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2010 Oct;40(10):897-904
references.pmid: 20495192
references.citation: Analyst. 2013 Mar 21;138(6):1726-32
references.pmid: 23359871
references.citation: Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2007 Jun;1107:223-30
references.pmid: 17804550
references.citation: J Am Chem Soc. 2007 Jun 13;129(23):7218-9
references.pmid: 17503821
references.citation: Anal Bioanal Chem. 2012 Aug;404(2):423-32
references.pmid: 22699232
references.citation: Biosens Bioelectron. 2011 Jun 15;26(10):4032-9
references.pmid: 21515041
references.citation: J Immunol Methods. 2005 Apr;299(1-2):77-89
references.pmid: 15914192
references.citation: Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2012 Aug;5(8):992-1006
references.pmid: 22689914
references.citation: Cancer Res. 2000 Apr 1;60(7):1777-88
references.pmid: 10766157
references.citation: J Biophotonics. 2011 Jun;4(6):442-52
references.pmid: 21567973
references.citation: Biosens Bioelectron. 2010 Jan 15;25(5):957-66
references.pmid: 19765967
references.citation: Cancer Sci. 2007 Aug;98(8):1234-40
references.pmid: 17506794
references.citation: Cancer Cell. 2006 Mar;9(3):189-98
references.pmid: 16530703
references.citation: Int J Oncol. 2013 May;42(5):1734-42
references.pmid: 23525486
references.citation: Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2012 Oct 1;32(7):2073-2078
references.pmid: 34062698
references.citation: Nanotechnology. 2012 Jul 11;23(27):275502
references.pmid: 22706642
references.citation: Talanta. 2011 Oct 30;86:377-83
references.pmid: 22063554
references.citation: Lung Cancer. 2008 Dec;62(3):364-73
references.pmid: 18485524
references.citation: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2013 Mar 15;267(3):238-46
references.pmid: 23337359
references.citation: Nat Chem. 2010 Dec;2(12):1015-24
references.pmid: 21107364
references.citation: Cancer Res. 2007 Dec 15;67(24):12000-6
references.pmid: 18089831
references.citation: Biosens Bioelectron. 2011 Apr 15;26(8):3608-13
references.pmid: 21382707
references.citation: Lancet Oncol. 2012 Aug;13(8):790-801
references.pmid: 22658655
references.citation: J Proteome Res. 2007 Feb;6(2):751-8
references.pmid: 17269731
references.citation: J Proteomics. 2009 Aug 20;72(6):936-44
references.pmid: 19258055
references.citation: Anal Bioanal Chem. 2009 Feb;393(4):1157-63
references.pmid: 18958451
references.citation: Biosens Bioelectron. 2010 Dec 15;26(4):1656-61
references.pmid: 20864329
references.citation: Nat Rev Cancer. 2006 Apr;6(4):259-69
references.pmid: 16557279
references.citation: CA Cancer J Clin. 2011 Mar-Apr;61(2):69-90
references.pmid: 21296855
references.citation: Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2004 Jun;1022:9-16
references.pmid: 15251933
references.citation: Biosens Bioelectron. 2009 Aug 15;24(12):3436-41
references.pmid: 19553100
references.citation: Science. 1998 Sep 25;281(5385):2016-8
references.pmid: 9748158
references.citation: Trends Biotechnol. 2007 Mar;25(3):125-31
references.pmid: 17257699
references.citation: Hosp Pract (1995). 2011 Oct;39(4):107-12
references.pmid: 22056830
references.citation: Br J Cancer. 2010 Aug 10;103(4):542-51
references.pmid: 20648015
references.citation: FEBS Lett. 2013 May 2;587(9):1359-65
references.pmid: 23507140
references.citation: Anal Chem. 2008 Apr 15;80(8):3029-34
references.pmid: 18324840
references.citation: Int J Oncol. 2012 Nov;41(5):1820-6
references.pmid: 22923163
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Aug 14;98(17):9824-9
references.pmid: 11504947
references.citation: Nat Med. 1995 Jul;1(7):701-2
references.pmid: 7585154
references.citation: Clin Cancer Res. 1996 Oct;2(10):1767-75
references.pmid: 9816128
references.citation: Nat Biotechnol. 2006 Mar;24(3):339-43
references.pmid: 16501578
references.citation: J Am Chem Soc. 2013 Apr 24;135(16):5998-6001
references.pmid: 23570230
references.citation: Biosens Bioelectron. 2005 Aug 15;21(2):378-83
references.pmid: 16023966
references.citation: Biosens Bioelectron. 2007 Jun 15;22(12):3113-9
references.pmid: 17349782
references.citation: Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 2013 Apr;52(4):356-69
references.pmid: 23404859
references.citation: Int J Cancer. 2010 Dec 15;127(12):2893-917
references.pmid: 21351269
references.citation: JAMA. 2011 Nov 2;306(17):1865-73
references.pmid: 22031728
references.citation: Nat Protoc. 2006;1(1):452-60
references.pmid: 17406268
references.citation: J Proteomics. 2012 Dec 5;76 Spec No.:102-15
references.pmid: 22842156
references.citation: Cancer Lett. 2006 May 8;236(1):64-71
references.pmid: 15992994
references.citation: ACS Nano. 2010 Jan 26;4(1):488-94
references.pmid: 20041634
references.citation: Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2009 Apr 1;70(1):1-6
references.pmid: 19157807
references.citation: Biosens Bioelectron. 2005 Feb 15;20(8):1461-70
references.pmid: 15626599
references.citation: Nat Cell Biol. 2003 Sep;Suppl:S1-7
references.pmid: 14562844
references.citation: J Proteome Res. 2004 Mar-Apr;3(2):261-7
references.pmid: 15113102
references.citation: J Biomater Sci Polym Ed. 2003;14(8):803-20
references.pmid: 14533859
references.citation: Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2009 Feb;20(1):55-62
references.pmid: 19429492
references.citation: Cancer Lett. 2007 Apr 28;249(1):110-9
references.pmid: 17306453
references.citation: Int J Cancer. 2002 Dec 1;102(4):372-8
references.pmid: 12402307
references.citation: Anal Chem. 2013 Feb 19;85(4):2536-42
references.pmid: 23320509
references.citation: Anal Chem. 2009 Oct 15;81(20):8441-6
references.pmid: 19772286
references.citation: Anal Sci. 2007 Jan;23(1):5-10
references.pmid: 17213615
references.citation: Chem Commun (Camb). 2010 Sep 7;46(33):6126-8
references.pmid: 20664878
references.citation: Nat Biotechnol. 2003 Jan;21(1):47-51
references.pmid: 12459736
references.citation: J Gen Intern Med. 2008 Jan;23 Suppl 1:78-84
references.pmid: 18095050
references.citation: FEBS J. 2009 Dec;276(23):6880-904
references.pmid: 19860826
references.citation: Ann Oncol. 2007 May;18(5):868-73
references.pmid: 17347129
references.citation: J Am Chem Soc. 2008 Jan 30;130(4):1274-84
references.pmid: 18177042
references.citation: Biosens Bioelectron. 2009 Mar 15;24(7):2143-8
references.pmid: 19157844
references.citation: Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2006 Jul 10;45(28):4562-89
references.pmid: 16819760
references.citation: Oncol Rep. 2006 Nov;16(5):1105-10
references.pmid: 17016600
references.citation: Methods Mol Biol. 2009;503:65-88
references.pmid: 19151937
references.citation: Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2004;2006:137-40
references.pmid: 17271624
references.citation: J Phys Chem B. 2006 Oct 5;110(39):19280-4
references.pmid: 17004780
references.citation: Clin Cancer Res. 2010 Jul 15;16(14):3760-8
references.pmid: 20501620
references.citation: Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2012 Dec 1;84(5):1060-70
references.pmid: 22975611
references.citation: Biosens Bioelectron. 2009 Sep 15;25(1):118-23
references.pmid: 19577460
references.citation: Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2012;13(7):3423-6
references.pmid: 22994771
references.citation: Nanotechnology. 2013 Jan 11;24(1):015501
references.pmid: 23220884
references.citation: Talanta. 2005 Sep 15;67(3):472-8
references.pmid: 18970191
references.citation: Clin Chim Acta. 2011 Jul 15;412(15-16):1391-8
references.pmid: 21530501
references.citation: Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2011;12(11):3009-12
references.pmid: 22393981
references.citation: Nat Biotechnol. 2003 Jan;21(1):41-6
references.pmid: 12459735
references.citation: Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2008 Mar 15;62(1):71-6
references.pmid: 17976962
references.citation: Electrophoresis. 2003 Jan;24(1-2):20-5
references.pmid: 12652569
references.citation: Anal Chem. 2011 Jul 1;83(13):5324-8
references.pmid: 21591802
references.citation: PLoS One. 2009 Jul 14;4(7):e6229
references.pmid: 19597549
references.citation: Eur J Cancer. 2012 Mar;48(4):447-55
references.pmid: 22265426
references.citation: J Clin Oncol. 2009 Sep 10;27(26):4260-7
references.pmid: 19667272
references.citation: Cell Res. 2008 Oct;18(10):997-1006
references.pmid: 18766170
references.citation: Neurology. 2008 Mar 18;70(12):924-8
references.pmid: 18032743
references.citation: Proteomics. 2006 May;6(10):3199-209
references.pmid: 16596707
references.citation: J Am Chem Soc. 2005 Jul 6;127(26):9328-9
references.pmid: 15984834
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Apr 11;97(8):4198-203
references.pmid: 10760287
references.citation: Biosens Bioelectron. 2013 Apr 15;42:467-73
references.pmid: 23238320
references.citation: Thorax. 2008 Mar;63(3):228-33
references.pmid: 17932110
references.citation: Br J Radiol. 2008 Mar;81(963):172-9
references.pmid: 18208856
references.citation: Chem Commun (Camb). 2005 Jan 28;(4):528-30
references.pmid: 15654392
references.citation: Talanta. 2008 Aug 15;76(4):832-6
references.pmid: 18656666
references.citation: Anal Chem. 2010 Jul 1;82(13):5511-7
references.pmid: 20524633
references.citation: Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2013 Jan;40(2):156-65
references.pmid: 23143661
references.citation: J Clin Oncol. 2008 Nov 1;26(31):5060-6
references.pmid: 18794547
references.citation: Talanta. 2009 May 15;78(3):1011-6
references.pmid: 19269465
references.citation: Clin Cancer Res. 2010 Jul 1;16(13):3452-62
references.pmid: 20570928
references.citation: Biosens Bioelectron. 2013 Apr 15;42:598-602
references.pmid: 23261695
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Dec 5;92(25):11810-3
references.pmid: 8524854
references.citation: Curr Mol Med. 2013 May;13(4):572-85
references.pmid: 22934851
references.citation: Biosens Bioelectron. 2013 May 15;43:137-42
references.pmid: 23298624
references.citation: J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2006 Jun 21;838(1):15-20
references.pmid: 16707281
references.citation: Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2006 Aug 18;45(33):5478-83
references.pmid: 16847983
references.citation: Science. 1998 Sep 25;281(5385):2013-6
references.pmid: 9748157
references.citation: Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2013 Apr;86(1):1-14
references.pmid: 23058250
references.citation: Analyst. 2013 May 7;138(9):2661-8
references.pmid: 23486757
references.citation: J Thorac Oncol. 2006 Jul;1(6):513-9
references.pmid: 17409910
references.citation: Biosens Bioelectron. 2006 Apr 15;21(10):1887-92
references.pmid: 16330202
references.citation: Nat Rev Cancer. 2006 Nov;6(11):857-66
references.pmid: 17060945
references.citation: Nat Biotechnol. 2004 Aug;22(8):969-76
references.pmid: 15258594
references.citation: Anal Biochem. 2003 Aug 15;319(2):244-50
references.pmid: 12871718
references.citation: Proteomics. 2003 Nov;3(11):2108-15
references.pmid: 14595809
references.citation: Bioconjug Chem. 2011 May 18;22(5):968-75
references.pmid: 21452896
references.citation: J Am Chem Soc. 2013 Jan 23;135(3):1102-9
references.pmid: 23231786
references.citation: Small. 2011 May 23;7(10):1456-63
references.pmid: 21322107
references.citation: Chembiochem. 2005 May;6(5):782-99
references.pmid: 15791688