title: Sleep in family caregivers of patients admitted to hospice: A pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Caring for a dying family member is known to interfere with sleep, yet little is known about caregiver sleep once the patient is admitted to hospice. The aim of this pilot study was to describe the sleep of partners and other family caregivers of patients in hospice.
  
  
  METHODS
  The pilot study used a cross-sectional, descriptive, and comparative design. Participants included the primary family caregivers of patients recently admitted to a hospice in Norway. Caregiver sleep during the prior month was measured with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). During the patient's hospice stay, caregiver sleep was measured using wrist actigraphy for four nights and three days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty family caregivers (12 partners and 8 other relatives) completed the study protocol without difficulty. On the PSQI, most caregivers (n = 13) reported clinically significant sleep problems during the prior month. Once the patient was admitted to hospice, actigraphy indicated that 10 caregivers had clinically significant sleep disruption (≥15% wake after sleep onset) and six averaged <7 hours of sleep per night. Partner caregivers reported more trouble falling asleep, and less sleep medication use, in the prior month than other types of family caregivers. However, once the patient was admitted to hospice, and after adjusting for caregiver age, partner caregivers experienced less sleep disruption than other caregivers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings demonstrate feasibility of the study protocol and indicate that sleep problems are common for caregivers of dying patients, even after the patient is admitted to hospice. The caregiver's relationship to the patient may be an important factor to consider in future studies.
authors.affiliation: Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital,Oslo,Norway.
authors.forename: Anners
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lerdal
authors.affiliation: Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital,Oslo,Norway.
authors.forename: Caryl L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Gay
authors.affiliation: Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital,Oslo,Norway.
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Saghaug
authors.affiliation: Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital,Oslo,Norway.
authors.forename: Kaare
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gautvik
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing Science,Institute of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo,Oslo,Norway.
authors.forename: Ellen Karine
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Grov
authors.affiliation: Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital,Oslo,Norway.
authors.forename: Are
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Normann
authors.affiliation: Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital,Oslo,Norway.
authors.forename: Joran
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Slaaen
authors.affiliation: Lovisenberg Diakonale University College,Oslo,Norway.
authors.forename: Kari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Slåtten
authors.affiliation: Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital,Oslo,Norway.
authors.forename: Oddveig Utheim
authors.initials: OU
authors.lastname: Tallang
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Health Care Nursing,School of Nursing, University of California,San Francisco,California.
authors.forename: Kathryn A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017028:Caregivers; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006738:Hospices; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009664:Norway / Q000453:epidemiology; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012890:Sleep
keywords: Family caregiver; Sleep; hospice