title: Short- and long-term temporal changes in soil concentrations of selected endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) following single or multiple applications of sewage sludge to pastures.
abstract: Temporal changes in soil burdens of selected endocrine disrupting compounds were determined following application to pasture of either sewage sludge or inorganic fertilizer. Soil polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and polychlorinated biphenyl concentrations were not altered. Changes in concentrations of diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and PBDEs 47 and 99 differed with season but concentrations remained elevated for more than three weeks after application, when grazing animals are normally excluded from pasture. It is concluded that single applications of sewage sludge can increase soil concentrations of some, but not all classes of EDCs, possibly to concentrations sufficient to exert biological effects when different chemicals act in combination, but patterns of change depend on season and soil temperature. Analysis of soil from pasture subjected to repeated sludge applications, over 13 years, provided preliminary evidence of greater increases in soil burdens of all of the EDC groups measured, including all of the PBDE congeners measured.
authors.affiliation: The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB15 8QH, UK.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Rhind
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Kyle
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ruffie
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Calmettes
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Osprey
authors.forename: Z L
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: McKenzie
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000379:methods; D000818:Animals; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D004051:Diethylhexyl Phthalate / Q000032:analysis; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004787:Environmental Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005308:Fertilizers / Q000032:analysis*; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers / Q000032:analysis; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis; D012621:Seasons; D012722:Sewage; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D005308:Fertilizers; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D012722:Sewage; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; C511295:2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether; D004051:Diethylhexyl Phthalate; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls
keywords: Endocrine disrupting compounds; Sewage sludge; Sheep; Temporal change