title: Art critic: Multisignal vision and speech interaction system in a gaming context.
abstract: True immersion of a player within a game can only occur when the world simulated looks and behaves as close to reality as possible. This implies that the game must correctly read and understand, among other things, the player's focus, attitude toward the objects/persons in focus, gestures, and speech. In this paper, we proposed a novel system that integrates eye gaze estimation, head pose estimation, facial expression recognition, speech recognition, and text-to-speech components for use in real-time games. Both the eye gaze and head pose components utilize underlying 3-D models, and our novel head pose estimation algorithm uniquely combines scene flow with a generic head model. The facial expression recognition module uses the local binary patterns with three orthogonal planes approach on the 2-D shape index domain rather than the pixel domain, resulting in improved classification. Our system has also been extended to use a pan-tilt-zoom camera driven by the Kinect, allowing us to track a moving player. A test game, Art Critic, is also presented, which not only demonstrates the utility of our system but also provides a template for player/non-player character (NPC) interaction in a gaming context. The player alters his/her view of the 3-D world using head pose, looks at paintings/NPCs using eye gaze, and makes an evaluation based on the player's expression and speech. The NPC artist will respond with facial expression and synthetic speech based on its personality. Both qualitative and quantitative evaluations of the system are performed to illustrate the system's effectiveness.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Reale
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Lijun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Shaun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Canavan
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D005133:Eye Movements / Q000502:physiology*; D005149:Facial Expression; D019416:Head Movements / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D013018:Sound Spectrography / Q000379:methods; D049250:Speech Recognition Software; D014584:User-Computer Interface; D018910:Video Games; D055815:Young Adult