title: Process evaluation of podiatric treatment of patients with forefoot pain.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Foot pain is a common problem for people aged 50 and over and occurs more often in women than in men. About 60% of the foot problems are forefoot problems and slightly more than half of these patients seek medical help, mainly in the form of podiatric care. Podiatric treatment of forefoot problems is known to be heterogeneous. The aims of the present study are to describe the podiatric treatment of patients with forefoot pain and to evaluate the podiatric examination and treatment using an expert panel.
  
  
  METHODS
  We invited twenty-five randomly selected subjects with forefoot problems who had received podiatric treatment in a pragmatic randomised clinical trial to participate in an analysis of their treatment by an expert panel. The panel retrospectively established the cause of the foot problem as well as the therapeutic goals and evaluated the treatment. These findings were compared to those reported by the treating podiatrist.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two fundamentally different approaches were found in approach of podiatric examination; a functional approach (n =13) and a non-functional approach (n =12). In nine cases the expert panel agreed with the cause recorded by the podiatrist. In five other cases the expert panel concluded that the treatment of the podiatrist was not consistent with the cause of the problem recorded by the podiatrist. Of the 10 patients for whom the podiatrist had recorded to have given shoe advice, only two were able to recollect the proper advice. Three patients did not remember receiving advice at all.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study almost half of the podiatrists worked according to a non-functional approach where the other half (like the expert panel) chose a functional strategy that analyses the underlying problem. Fundamental differences in treatment plans and thus heterogeneous treatments could be a consequence.
authors.affiliation: EMGO+ Institute, Department of general practice and elderly care medicine, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands. p.elders@vumc.nl.
authors.forename: Babette C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: van der Zwaard
authors.forename: Wim Jc
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Swagerman
authors.forename: Benedicte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vanwanseele
authors.forename: Kees J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Gorter
authors.forename: Henriëtte E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: van der Horst
authors.forename: Petra Jm
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Elders
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