title: The molecular diversity of α-gliadin genes in the tribe Triticeae.
abstract: Many of the unique properties of wheat flour are derived from seed storage proteins such as the α-gliadins. In this study these α-gliadin genes from diploid Triticeae species were systemically characterized, and divided into 3 classes according to the distinct organization of their protein domains. Our analyses indicated that these α-gliadins varied in the number of cysteine residues they contained. Most of the α-gliadin genes were grouped according to their genomic origins within the phylogenetic tree. As expected, sequence alignments suggested that the repetitive domain and the two polyglutamine regions were responsible for length variations of α-gliadins as were the insertion/deletion of structural domains within the three different classes (I, II, and III) of α-gliadins. A screening of celiac disease toxic epitopes indicated that the α-gliadins of the class II, derived from the Ns genome, contain no epitope, and that some other genomes contain much fewer epitopes than the A, S(B) and D genomes of wheat. Our results suggest that the observed genetic differences in α-gliadins of Triticeae might indicate their use as a fertile ground for the breeding of less CD-toxic wheat varieties.
authors.affiliation: Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Peng-Fei
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Thérèse
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ouellet
authors.forename: Zhao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Cheng-Xing
authors.initials: CX
authors.lastname: Le
authors.forename: Yu-Ming
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Xiu-Jin
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Lan
authors.forename: You-Liang
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D005903:Gliadin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016254:Mutagenesis, Insertional; D010802:Phylogeny; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D014908:Triticum / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; D005903:Gliadin
references.citation: Scand J Gastroenterol. 1996 Mar;31(3):247-53
references.pmid: 8833354
references.citation: Scand J Gastroenterol. 1991 Apr;26(4):392-8
references.pmid: 1827928
references.citation: J Exp Med. 2000 Feb 21;191(4):603-12
references.pmid: 10684852
references.citation: Gene. 1987;52(2-3):257-66
references.pmid: 3038689
references.citation: Gastroenterology. 2002 Jun;122(7):1729-37
references.pmid: 12055577
references.citation: Theor Appl Genet. 2010 Nov;121(7):1239-51
references.pmid: 20556595
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 2003 Jun 19;348(25):2573-4
references.pmid: 12815145
references.citation: Cell Res. 2009 Feb;19(2):271-3
references.pmid: 19153597
references.citation: J Exp Med. 1993 Jul 1;178(1):187-96
references.pmid: 8315377
references.citation: Genetika. 2007 Nov;43(11):1534-41
references.pmid: 18186192
references.citation: Nat Med. 2000 Mar;6(3):337-42
references.pmid: 10700238
references.citation: J Exp Bot. 2002 Apr;53(370):947-58
references.pmid: 11912237
references.citation: Biochem J. 1990 Apr 1;267(1):1-12
references.pmid: 2183790
references.citation: Mol Biol Evol. 2011 Oct;28(10):2731-9
references.pmid: 21546353
references.citation: Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2001 Jun;13(6):741-7
references.pmid: 11434606
references.citation: Gastroenterology. 2005 Sep;129(3):797-806
references.pmid: 16143119
references.citation: Gastroenterology. 2005 Feb;128(2):393-401
references.pmid: 15685550
references.citation: J Immunol. 2003 Mar 1;170(5):2719-26
references.pmid: 12594302
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Aug 18;95(17):10050-4
references.pmid: 9707598
references.citation: Gastroenterology. 2002 Sep;123(3):803-9
references.pmid: 12198706
references.citation: Genome. 2011 Mar;54(3):244-52
references.pmid: 21423287
references.citation: BMC Genomics. 2006 Jan 10;7:1
references.pmid: 16403227
references.citation: Mol Genet Genomics. 2009 Mar;281(3):289-300
references.pmid: 19104838
references.citation: Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2003 Dec;15(12):1293-8
references.pmid: 14624152
references.citation: Springer Semin Immunopathol. 2005 Sep;27(2):217-32
references.pmid: 16091925
references.citation: BMC Genomics. 2009 Apr 21;10:168
references.pmid: 19383144
references.citation: Plant Cell. 1995 Jul;7(7):945-56
references.pmid: 7640527
references.citation: Science. 2002 Sep 27;297(5590):2275-9
references.pmid: 12351792
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Mar;87(5):1899-902
references.pmid: 2308950
references.citation: Lancet. 1994 Mar 26;343(8900):758-61
references.pmid: 7907731
references.citation: Gut. 2003 Jan;52(1):57-62
references.pmid: 12477760