title: Lifestyle modification in the management of obesity: achievements and challenges.
abstract: Lifestyle modification therapy for overweight and obese patients combines specific recommendations on diet and exercise with behavioral and cognitive procedures and strategies. In completers it produces a mean weight loss of 8-10 % in about 30 weeks of treatment. However, two main issues still to be resolved are how to improve dissemination of this approach, and how to help patients maintain the healthy behavioral changes and avoid weight gain in the long term. In recent years, several strategies for promoting and maintaining lifestyle modification have been evaluated, and promising results have been achieved by individualising the treatment, delivering the intervention by phone and internet or in a community setting, and combining lifestyle modification programs with residential treatment and bariatric surgery. These new strategies raise optimistic expectations for the effective management of obesity through lifestyle modification.
authors.affiliation: Department of Eating and Weight Disorders, Villa Garda Hospital, Via Montebaldo, 89, 37016, Garda (VR), Italy, rdalleg@tin.it.
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dalle Grave
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Calugi
authors.forename: Marwan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: El Ghoch
mesh_terms: D050110:Bariatric Surgery; D001521:Behavior Therapy; D004032:Diet; D015444:Exercise; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D009765:Obesity / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D015431:Weight Loss
references.citation: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2002 Oct;59(10):877-83
references.pmid: 12365874
references.citation: Obesity (Silver Spring). 2006 May;14(5):737-52
references.pmid: 16855180
references.citation: Ann Behav Med. 2005 Dec;30(3):210-6
references.pmid: 16336072
references.citation: J Gastrointest Surg. 2003 May-Jun;7(4):452-463
references.pmid: 12763398
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 2005 Nov 17;353(20):2111-20
references.pmid: 16291981
references.citation: J Consult Clin Psychol. 1999 Feb;67(1):132-8
references.pmid: 10028217
references.citation: J Consult Clin Psychol. 1989 Jun;57(3):450-2
references.pmid: 2500466
references.citation: WMJ. 2003;102(4):31-6
references.pmid: 12967019
references.citation: JAMA. 2007 Nov 21;298(19):2296-304
references.pmid: 18029834
references.citation: J Intern Med. 2005 Sep;258(3):265-73
references.pmid: 16115301
references.citation: Am J Clin Nutr. 1998 Oct;68(4):899-917
references.pmid: 9771869
references.citation: J Am Diet Assoc. 2007 Jan;107(1):92-9
references.pmid: 17197276
references.citation: J Acad Nutr Diet. 2012 Mar;112(3):382-90
references.pmid: 22717198
references.citation: Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 Jul;82(1 Suppl):222S-225S
references.pmid: 16002825
references.citation: Int J Obes (Lond). 2010 Jan;34(1):207-9
references.pmid: 19823184
references.citation: Control Clin Trials. 2003 Oct;24(5):610-28
references.pmid: 14500058
references.citation: Am J Clin Nutr. 2003 Oct;78(4):684-9
references.pmid: 14522725
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 2013 Jul 11;369(2):189-90
references.pmid: 23796132
references.citation: Arch Intern Med. 2001 Jul 9;161(13):1599-604
references.pmid: 11434791
references.citation: Circulation. 2012 Mar 6;125(9):1157-70
references.pmid: 22392863
references.citation: Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2003 Dec;32(4):967-80
references.pmid: 14711070
references.citation: Obes Res. 2005 Nov;13(11):1961-9
references.pmid: 16339128
references.citation: J Acad Nutr Diet. 2012 Sep;112(9):1363-1373
references.pmid: 22818246
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 2013 Apr 25;368(17):1594-602
references.pmid: 23517118
references.citation: Arch Intern Med. 2010 Sep 27;170(17):1566-75
references.pmid: 20876408
references.citation: Diabetes Care. 2002 Dec;25(12):2165-71
references.pmid: 12453955
references.citation: Eat Weight Disord. 2010 Mar-Jun;15(1-2 Suppl):1-31
references.pmid: 20975326
references.citation: Obes Res. 2004 Aug;12(8):1271-7
references.pmid: 15340110
references.citation: Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2005 Mar;28(1):151-70, ix
references.pmid: 15733617
references.citation: Obesity (Silver Spring). 2013 Sep;21(9):1774-81
references.pmid: 23408532
references.citation: J Consult Clin Psychol. 2007 Aug;75(4):652-6
references.pmid: 17663619
references.citation: J Psychosom Res. 1984;28(3):189-96
references.pmid: 6545356
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 2013 Jul 11;369(2):145-54
references.pmid: 23796131
references.citation: Obesity (Silver Spring). 2007 Dec;15(12):3091-6
references.pmid: 18198319
references.citation: Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Oct;88(4):906-12
references.pmid: 18842775
references.citation: JAMA. 2003 Apr 9;289(14):1792-8
references.pmid: 12684357
references.citation: J Gen Intern Med. 2009 Sep;24(9):1073-9
references.pmid: 19562419
references.citation: Prev Med. 2010 Aug;51(2):123-8
references.pmid: 20478333
references.citation: Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2010 Nov 02;3:373-85
references.pmid: 21437107
references.citation: Eat Behav. 2004 Jan;5(1):85-8
references.pmid: 15000957
references.citation: Obes Res. 2004 Dec;12 Suppl:151S-62S
references.pmid: 15687411
references.citation: Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 Jul;82(1 Suppl):230S-235S
references.pmid: 16002827
references.citation: J Abnorm Psychol. 1971 Aug;78(1):107-26
references.pmid: 4938262
references.citation: Behav Res Ther. 2001 May;39(5):499-511
references.pmid: 11341247
references.citation: Int J Behav Med. 2007;14(1):48-55
references.pmid: 17511533
references.citation: J Consult Clin Psychol. 2001 Aug;69(4):722-6
references.pmid: 11550740
references.citation: Hepatology. 2008 Feb;47(2):746-54
references.pmid: 18098321
references.citation: Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2004 Dec;11(6):513-20
references.pmid: 15580064
references.citation: Obesity (Silver Spring). 2007 Sep;15(9):2320-7
references.pmid: 17890501
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 2002 Feb 7;346(6):393-403
references.pmid: 11832527
references.citation: Behav Res Ther. 2010 Aug;48(8):706-13
references.pmid: 20691328
references.citation: Health Technol Assess. 2004 May;8(21):iii-iv, 1-182
references.pmid: 15147610
references.citation: Obes Res. 1998 Sep;6 Suppl 2:51S-209S
references.pmid: 9813653
references.citation: Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2003 Dec;32(4):981-1003, x
references.pmid: 14711071
references.citation: J Nutr Educ Behav. 2005 Nov-Dec;37(6):319-22
references.pmid: 16242064
references.citation: World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser. 2000;894:i-xii, 1-253
references.pmid: 11234459
references.citation: Obes Res. 2001 Dec;9 Suppl 5:361S-366S; discussion 373S-374S
references.pmid: 11918342
references.citation: Arch Intern Med. 2008 Nov 24;168(21):2347-54
references.pmid: 19029500
references.citation: Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2000 Jul;24(7):893-8
references.pmid: 10918537
references.citation: Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2010 May-Jun;6(3):260-6
references.pmid: 20510289