title: Ankyrin repeat and suppressor of cytokine signaling box containing protein-10 is associated with ubiquitin-mediated degradation pathways in trabecular meshwork cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ankyrin repeat and suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) box containing protein-10 (ASB10) was recently identified as a gene that causes primary open-angle glaucoma. Here, we investigated endogenous ASB10 protein expression in human trabecular meshwork (HTM) cells to provide the first clues to the biologic function of this protein.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary HTM cells were cultured and immunostained with anti-ASB10 and various biomarkers of the ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal and autophagy-lysosomal degradation pathways. Cells were imaged with confocal and high-resolution structured illumination microscopy. Colocalization was quantified using Imaris Bitplane software, which generated a Pearson's correlation coefficient value. Coimmunoprecipitation of ASB10-transfected cells was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immunofluorescence and confocal analysis showed that ASB10 was localized in intracellular structures in HTM cells. Two populations were observed: small, spherical vesicles and larger, less abundant structures. In the ASB10-silenced cells, the number of large structures was significantly decreased. ASB10 partially colocalized with biomarkers of the ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal pathway including ubiquitin and the α4 subunit of the 20S proteasome. However, ASB10 itself was not ubiquitinated. ASB10 also colocalized with numerous biomarkers of specific autophagic structures: aggresomes (histone deacetylase 6 [HDAC6] and heat shock protein 70 [HSP70]), autophagosomes (light chain 3 [LC3] and p62), amphisomes (Rab7), and lysosomes (lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 [LAMP1]). Pearson coefficients indicated strong colocalization of large ASB10-stained structures with the α4 subunit of the 20S proteasome, K48 and K63-linked ubiquitin antibodies, p62, HSP70, and HDAC6 (Pearson's range, 0.59-0.82). Coimmunoprecipitation assays showed a positive interaction of ASB10 with HSP70 and with the α4 subunit of the 20S proteasome. Super-resolution structured illumination confocal microscopy suggested that the smaller ASB10-stained vesicles aggregated into the larger structures, which resembled aggresome-like induced structures. Treatment of HTM cells with an autophagy activator (MG132) or inhibitors (wortmannin, bafilomycin A1) significantly increased and decreased the number of small ASB10-stained vesicles, respectively. No discernible differences in the colocalization of large ASB10-stained structures with ubiquitin or HDAC6 were observed between dermal fibroblasts derived from a normal individual and a patient with primary open-angle glaucoma carrying a synonymous ASB10 mutation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our evidence suggests that ASB10 may play a role in ubiquitin-mediated degradation pathways in TM cells.
authors.affiliation: Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239, USA. gregorka@ohsu.edu
authors.forename: Kate E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.forename: Yong-Feng
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Ying Ying
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Renee
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sykes
authors.forename: Ted S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Acott
authors.forename: Mary K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Wirtz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000906:Antibodies / Q000378:metabolism; D001343:Autophagy; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D020405:Dermis / Q000166:cytology; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000378:metabolism; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008875:Middle Aged; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / Q000378:metabolism; D021381:Protein Transport; D059748:Proteolysis; D015398:Signal Transduction; D050826:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D014129:Trabecular Meshwork / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D025801:Ubiquitin / Q000378:metabolism*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C574092:ASB10 protein, human; D000906:Antibodies; D015415:Biomarkers; D050826:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins; D025801:Ubiquitin; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex
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