title: Quality of life in children and adolescents with anorectal malformation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Quality of life (QOL) is an important endpoint in health outcomes research, especially in pediatric chronic conditions. While some studies suggest that patients with ARM report a lower level of physical and psychosocial QOL, as compared to healthy peers, not all research shows this consistently. The aim of this study was to compare the QOL of Italian children and adolescents with ARM to the QOL of a large control sample of healthy peers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Parents of 109 children with ARM and 336 schoolchildren, completed the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory. Analysis of variances were used to compare the groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to healthy peers, children with ARM showed lower emotional functioning (F = 8,41; p = .004), social functioning (F = 4,9; p = .027) and school functioning (F = 14,7; p = .000). In the adolescent group, females had a worse QOL in the physical functioning domain (F = 5,01; p = .03) than males, independent of group membership.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While children with ARM show a more impaired QOL compared to their peers, this difference does not emerge in the adolescent group. Our results are consistent with previous findings which hypothesize that while patients with ARM face more difficulties during childhood, by adolescence they may have learned to overcome these difficulties.
authors.affiliation: Italian Parents and Patients Organization for Anorectal Malformations (AIMAR), Via Tripolitania, 211, 00199 Rome, Italy. caterina.grano@uniroma1.it
authors.forename: Caterina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Grano
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bucci
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Aminoff
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lucidi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Violani
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000071056:Anorectal Malformations; D001006:Anus, Imperforate / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D004522:Educational Status; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D010379:Peer Group; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012919:Social Behavior; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
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