title: A staging system for the regeneration of a polyp from the aboral physa of the anthozoan Cnidarian Nematostella vectensis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  As the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis emerges as a model for studying regeneration, new tools will be needed to assess its regenerative processes and describe perturbations resulting from experimental investigation. Chief among these is the need for a universal set of staging criteria to establish morphological landmarks that will provide a common format for discussion among investigators.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We have established morphological criteria to describe stages for rapidly assessing regeneration of the aboral end (physa) of Nematostella. Using this staging system, we observed rates of regeneration that are temperature independent during wound healing and temperature dependent afterward. Treatment with 25 μM lipoic acid delays the progression through wound healing without significantly affecting the subsequent rate of regeneration. Also, while an 11-day starvation before amputation causes only a minimal delay in regeneration, this delay is exacerbated by lipoic acid treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A system for staging the progression of regeneration in amputated Nematostella physa based on easily discernible morphological features provides a standard for the field. This system has allowed us to identify both temperature-dependent and -independent phases of regeneration, as well as a nutritional requirement for normal regenerative progression that is exacerbated by lipoic acid.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Developmental Genetics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York.
authors.forename: Patricia E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Bossert
authors.forename: Matthew P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Dunn
authors.forename: Gerald H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Thomsen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D012038:Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D012615:Sea Anemones / Q000196:embryology* / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Anthozoa; Cnidarian; Nematostella; lipoic acid; regeneration; staging system
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