title: Does the type of cleft palate contribute to the need for secondary surgery? A national perspective.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether the type of cleft palate is associated with a need for secondary surgery (oronasal fistula repair, speech surgery) after primary cleft palate repair.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis of a national pediatric database (2009 Kids' Inpatient Database).
  
  
  METHODS
  We identified two distinct cohorts of children who underwent primary and secondary (revision) cleft palate repairs, respectively, from a national, pediatric database (2009 Kids' Inpatient Database). Revision ratios for each cleft palate diagnosis were calculated to identify diagnoses with higher rates of revision. Revision ratio was calculated by dividing the relative frequency of each diagnosis in the secondary repair cohort by the corresponding relative frequency in the primary repair cohort.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 2009, there were 1942 cases of primary cleft palate repair in the 44 states participating in the KID's inpatient database. Fifty-two percent (n=1018) were male. The average age at the time of surgery was 13.36 months. In the same year secondary cleft palate procedures were performed on 724 different patients, 54% (n=388) were males. The average age for secondary procedures was 59 months. Cleft lip and palate diagnoses had higher revision rate ratios (1.92) compared to cleft palate only (0.54) P <0.05.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children with an initial diagnosis of cleft lip and palate, which is more severe than cleft palate only, have comparatively higher rates of secondary cleft palate procedures than children with cleft palate only.
  
  
  METHODS
  N/A.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery , University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, U.S.A.
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Owusu
authors.forename: Meixia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: James D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Sidman
authors.forename: Andrew R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Scott
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000601:surgery; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies
keywords: Cleft palate; HCUP KID database; revision surgery; secondary surgery