title: Comparative study of the soft tissue of young Japanese-Brazilian, Caucasian and Mongoloid patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the normality mean values in the soft tissue cephalometric measurements of young Japanese-Brazilian, with normal occlusion and to compare the results of the variables with compatible samples of young Caucasians and Mongoloids.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty radiographs of young Caucasians, 32 of Japanese-Brazilians and 33 of Mongoloids were used. The three samples presented individuals with normal occlusion and well-balanced face. The samples were divided by gender due to the soft tissue characteristics and to facilitate comparison. The following statistical tests were performed: Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with p < 0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Japanese-Brazilian sample of females showed thinner soft tissues in the nasion region and smaller nose when compared to the Caucasians. The Mongoloid sample showed thinner tissues in the supramentonian and pogonion regions. In males, the Japanese-Brazilians had thinner tissues in the nasion region; thicker lower lip and supramentonian region in comparison to the Caucasian sample. For the Mongoloid, soft tissue was thicker in the glabella and ANS-Sn regions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is necessary to use specific soft tissue standards for this mixed race.
authors.affiliation: Bauru Dental School - University of Sao Paulo (FOB-USP), Brazil. thaismaria@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Thais Maria Freire
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.forename: Arnaldo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pinzan
authors.forename: Renata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sathler
authors.forename: Marcos Roberto
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: de Freitas
authors.forename: Guilherme
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Janson
authors.forename: Fabiano Paiva
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Vieira
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D044466:Asian People; D001938:Brazil; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000208:ethnology; D008297:Male; D011859:Radiography; D012016:Reference Values; D044465:White People
keywords: Ethnic groups; Orthodontics; Reference values