title: Impact of antiretroviral therapy on bone metabolism markers in HIV-seropositive patients.
abstract: To evaluate the impact of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on bone and mineral metabolism and to determine the occurrence of osteopenia and/or osteoporosis in HIV-infected patients taking ART or not.
  
  
  
  A cross-sectional study was conducted on 50 HIV-seropositive adult men treated with or not treated with ART. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was performed and biochemical analyses of the following markers were carried out: FSH, LH, testosterone, total calcium, phosphorus (Pi), magnesium (Mg), albumin, 24h calcium, creatinine, urea, parathormone (PTH), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I), 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D), osteocalcin, and urinary deoxypyridinoline (DPD). The participants were divided into two groups according to ART use or not: Group A, 10 treatment-naive subjects; Group B, ART use for >2years, subdivided into: Group B1, 10 subjects treated with protease inhibitors (PIs) and nucleoside/nucleotide analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and Group B2, 10 subjects treated with NRTIs and non-nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs); and Group C, subjects treated with ART <2years, subdivided into: Group C1, 10 subjects treated with PIs and NRTIs and Group C2, 10 subjects treated with NRTIs and NNRTIs.
  
  
  
  The values of the bone formation marker, osteocalcin, were normal in all groups, whereas urinary DPD values were increased in all groups. Whole body DXA revealed a higher percentage of osteopenia (80%) in Group B2. Lumbar spine DXA showed osteoporosis in Groups A and B1 (10%) and total femur DXA in Group B2 (10%).
  
  
  
  The increased bone reabsorption marker indicated a high reabsorptive activity of bone tissue. These data indicate a greater osteoclastic activity in bone loss in HIV-infected patients on ART.
authors.affiliation: Rodovia Araraquara - Jaú Km 1, Cep: 14801-902, Araraquara, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: erikagmm7@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Erika Grasiela
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Marques de Menezes
authors.forename: Francisco Jose Albuquerque
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: de Paula
authors.forename: Alcyone Artioli
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: de Assis Pereira
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Barbosa Júnior
authors.forename: Anderson Marliere
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Navarro
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000328:Adult; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D001823:Body Composition / Q000187:drug effects; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects*; D001851:Bone Diseases, Metabolic / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents; D002118:Calcium
keywords: ART; Bone metabolism; HIV; Osteopenia; Osteoporosis