title: Does routine ultrasound change management in the follow-up of patients with vesicoureteral reflux?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Children with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) usually need a renal ultrasound (RUS). There is little data on the role of follow-up RUS in VUR. We evaluated the impact of follow-up RUS on the change in clinical management in patients with VUR.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively analyzed children with a previous diagnosis of VUR seen in the outpatient clinic with a routine follow-up RUS within 4 months. Variables collected included: demographic data, VUR history, dysfunctional voiding symptoms and concurrent ultrasound findings. Change in management was defined as addition of new medication, nurse counselling, surgery or further investigations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study included 114 consecutive patients. The mean patient age was 4.5 years old, mean age of VUR diagnosis was 1.7 years, with average follow-up of 2.8 years. A change in management with stable RUS occurred in 14 patients, in which the change included ordering a DMSA in 9, nurse counselling for dysfunctional voiding in 3, and booking surgery in 2 patients. Change on RUS was seen in 4 patients. Multivariable analysis showed that history of urinary tract infection (UTI) since the last follow-up visit was more significant than RUS findings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The RUS findings in most patients followed for VUR remain stable or with minimal changes. The variable showing a significant effect on change in management in our study was history of UTI since the last follow-up visit rather than RUS findings. The value of follow-up RUS for children with VUR may need to be revisited.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Urology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Calgary, AB.
authors.forename: Jan K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Rudzinski
authors.forename: Bryce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wildgoose
authors.forename: Armando
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lorenzo
authors.forename: Darius
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bagli
authors.forename: Walid
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Farhat
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Harvey
authors.forename: Joao Luiz Pippi
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Salle
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