title: Association between altered lipid profile, body mass index, low plasma adiponectin and varied blood pressure in Trinidadian type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic subjects.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The obesity and hypertension have become the causes for the development type 2 diabetes. There is a limited study done on the contribution of body mass index (BMI) to blood pressure (BP) in the Caribbean population. Aim of our study was to determine the associations between lipid profile, BMI, adiponectin, and BP in Trinidadian type 2 diabetic patients with regards to age and ethnicity.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a cohort study comprised of 266 subjects (85 males and 181 females) attending primary and tertiary healthcare settings in central Trinidad. Of which, 126 diabetic subjects were matched with 140 non-diabetic subjects. Along with clinical history and anthropometry, adiponectin and lipid profile were measured in fasting blood samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The diabetic group had higher triglycerides, very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), and BP values which were statistically significant (P < 0.05) when compared to non-diabetic subjects. The high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and adiponectin were lower in diabetic subjects. HDL-c showed significant changes for ethnicity (P = 0.013) and gender (P = 0.043). The mean adiponectin concentrations were found to be significantly different among the ethnic groups (P = 0.001). Systolic pressure varied significantly with age (P = 0.018). As age increased, BP also increased. Ethnic groups had a significant difference in diastolic pressure (P = 0.027). East Indians had the highest mean diastolic pressure (80.74 ± 10.29) when compared to all other ethnic groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HDL-cholesterol, low levels of adiponectin, and varied BP are associated in Trinidadian type 2 diabetic subjects with regards to age, gender, and ethnicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preclinical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Trinidad and Tobago. shivananda.nayak@sta.uwi.edu
authors.forename: Shivananda B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Nayak
authors.forename: Nalini
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Maharaj
authors.forename: Le-Ann Lue
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Fatt
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008049:Lipase / Q000097:blood; D008079:Lipoproteins, VLDL / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014300:Trinidad and Tobago / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008079:Lipoproteins, VLDL; D008049:Lipase