title: Concept analysis: prenatal obesity, a psychoneuroimmunology perspective.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the concept of prenatal obesity within a psychoneuroimmunology framework.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  By considering the psychosocial, neurological, endocrine, and immunological contributions, a psychoneuroimmunology framework maintains a holistic focus. Identifying the multidirectional mechanisms linking these systems will provide valuable insight into the mechanisms by which prenatal obesity increases the rate of adverse pregnancy outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Utilization of the concept of prenatal obesity within a psychoneuroimmunology framework will facilitate multidisciplinary research to identify underlying mechanisms by which prenatal obesity leads to adverse pregnancy outcomes, as well as the development of interventions to treat obesity before, during, and after pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: College of Nursing, University of Colorado, Denver, Denver, CO.
authors.forename: Sharon L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Ruyak
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Corwin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003210:Concept Formation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016294:Models, Nursing; D009765:Obesity / Q000276:immunology / Q000451:nursing / Q000523:psychology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011295:Prenatal Care / Q000523:psychology*; D011598:Psychoneuroimmunology; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000276:immunology / Q000451:nursing / Q000523:psychology
keywords: Concept analysis; inflammation; obesity; prenatal; psychological stress; psychoneurimmunology
references.citation: Curr Pharm Des. 2008;14(12):1225-30
references.pmid: 18473870
references.citation: Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2009 Sep;19(7):511-9
references.pmid: 19362453
references.citation: JAMA. 2009 Feb 11;301(6):636-50
references.pmid: 19211471
references.citation: Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2004 Dec;47(4):884-9; discussion 980-1
references.pmid: 15596942
references.citation: Cytokine. 2009 Jul;47(1):61-4
references.pmid: 19505831
references.citation: Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2009 Jun;36(2):317-32, ix
references.pmid: 19501316
references.citation: Am J Public Health. 2010 Jun;100(6):1019-28
references.pmid: 20075322
references.citation: Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Dec;18(10):365-70
references.pmid: 18023357
references.citation: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Sep;87(9):4231-7
references.pmid: 12213876
references.citation: Stress. 2011 May;14(3):233-46
references.pmid: 21294656
references.citation: J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2005 Jul-Aug;34(4):418-27
references.pmid: 16020409
references.citation: Am J Public Health. 2001 Mar;91(3):436-40
references.pmid: 11236410
references.citation: Eur J Pharmacol. 2000 Sep 29;405(1-3):167-76
references.pmid: 11033324
references.citation: Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2009 Feb;34(2):181-189
references.pmid: 18838227
references.citation: J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2006 Jul-Aug;15(6):720-33
references.pmid: 16910904
references.citation: Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2010 Jun;33(2):423-40
references.pmid: 20385345
references.citation: J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 1998 Jul-Aug;27(4):431-40
references.pmid: 9684206
references.citation: Eur J Epidemiol. 2011 Aug;26(8):647-55
references.pmid: 21681546
references.citation: J Neurosci Nurs. 2005 Feb;37(1):56-62
references.pmid: 15794445
references.citation: Disabil Rehabil. 2011;33(8):643-51
references.pmid: 20695791
references.citation: Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 Feb;83(2):461S-465S
references.pmid: 16470013
references.citation: Biol Psychiatry. 2009 May 1;65(9):732-41
references.pmid: 19150053
references.citation: Placenta. 2011 Mar;32(3):247-54
references.pmid: 21232790
references.citation: West J Nurs Res. 1994 Oct;16(5):524-43
references.pmid: 7992491
references.citation: ANS Adv Nurs Sci. 2004 Oct-Dec;27(4):301-15
references.pmid: 15602281
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 1995 May 18;332(20):1351-62
references.pmid: 7715646
references.citation: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003 Aug;88(8):3507-12
references.pmid: 12915627
references.citation: Health Care Women Int. 2000 Oct-Nov;21(7):615-30
references.pmid: 11813769
references.citation: Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2008 Jan;198(1):23-7
references.pmid: 18166298
references.citation: Annu Rev Physiol. 2005;67:259-84
references.pmid: 15709959
references.citation: J Adv Nurs. 1996 Aug;24(2):385-90
references.pmid: 8858445
references.citation: Behav Res Ther. 1998 Jul-Aug;36(7-8):777-88
references.pmid: 9682533
references.citation: Reproduction. 2010 Sep;140(3):373-85
references.pmid: 20215337
references.citation: Br J Psychiatry. 1987 Jun;150:782-6
references.pmid: 3651732
references.citation: Nat Rev Neurosci. 2008 Jan;9(1):46-56
references.pmid: 18073775
references.citation: J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 1993 Jan-Feb;22(1):17-23
references.pmid: 8429410
references.citation: J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2008 Nov;17(9):1529-34
references.pmid: 18710365
references.citation: Res Theory Nurs Pract. 2005 Summer;19(2):197-208
references.pmid: 16025698
references.citation: Obstet Gynecol. 2001 Nov;98(5 Pt 1):757-62
references.pmid: 11704165
references.citation: BJOG. 2010 Jul;117(8):1011-8
references.pmid: 20536433
references.citation: Eval Health Prof. 2010 Mar;33(1):56-80
references.pmid: 20164106
references.citation: Matern Child Health J. 2009 Sep;13(5):614-20
references.pmid: 18618231
references.citation: JAMA. 1992 Mar 4;267(9):1244-52
references.pmid: 1538563
references.citation: ANS Adv Nurs Sci. 2005 Oct-Dec;28(4):320-32
references.pmid: 16292018
references.citation: J Perinatol. 2010 Jul;30(7):441-6
references.pmid: 19907427
references.citation: J Adv Nurs. 1996 Apr;23(4):657-64
references.pmid: 8675880
references.citation: J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2008 Dec;17(10):1647-55
references.pmid: 19049359
references.citation: Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2011 Jun;38(2):397-407, xii
references.pmid: 21575808
references.citation: Matern Child Health J. 2006 Sep;10(5 Suppl):S153-6
references.pmid: 16927160
references.citation: JAMA. 1999 Dec 8;282(22):2131-5
references.pmid: 10591334