title: Gingival overgrowth in renal transplant subjects: a 44-month follow-up study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To assess changes in gingival status of renal transplant subjects under immunosuppressive regimens based on cyclosporine (CsA), tacrolimus (Tcr), and sirolimus (Sir).
  
  
  METHODS
  From a sample of 135 subjects (baseline examination [BE]), 89 without periodontal treatment, who maintained the immunosuppressive regimen based on the same main agent (CsA=23, Tcr=31, and Sir=35), were reexamined after 44 months (follow-up examination [FE]). Demographic, pharmacologic, and periodontal variables were collected and gingival overgrowth (GO) was assessed by visual examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In Tcr and CsA groups, although not significant, occurrence of GO decreased (CsA [BE=56.5% and FE=34.8%; P=0.063] and Tcr [BE=19.4% and FE=12.9%; P=0.500]). In addition, the severity of GO decreased significantly in CsA group (mean score BE=10.29 ± 7.70 and mean score FE=0.78 ± 1.38; P=0.003). In Sir group, GO decreased from 17.1% (BE) to 0.0% (FE) (P=not applicable). In total sample, GO was associated with papillary bleeding index (P=0.001) and concomitant use of calcium channel blockers (P=0.029); in CsA and Tcr groups, GO was associated with papillary bleeding index (P=0.029 and 0.033, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was no incidence of GO, and a decrease in the occurrence and severity of GO was significant in total sample. This decrease can be attributed to changes in pharmacologic and periodontal variables over this period of time.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. 2 Department of Dentistry, Periodontics Research Division, University of Taubaté, Taubaté, São Paulo, Brazil. 3 Address correspondence to: Fernando Oliveira Costa, B.D.S., M.Sc., Ph.D., Associate Professor, Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Antônio Carlos Avenue, 6627, Pampulha, P.O. Box 359, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil 31270-901.
authors.forename: Lidiane C M
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: Fernando Oliveira
authors.initials: FO
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: Sheila C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Cortelli
authors.forename: José R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Cortelli
authors.forename: Luís O M
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: Cota
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D019214:Gingival Overgrowth / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015994:Incidence; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents