title: Measured maximal heart rates compared to commonly used age-based prediction equations in the Heritage Family Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to examine how well two commonly used age-based prediction equations for maximal heart rate (HRmax ) estimate the actual HRmax measured in Black and White adults from the HERITAGE Family Study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 762 sedentary subjects (39% Black, 57% Females) from HERITAGE were included. HRmax was measured during maximal exercise tests using cycle ergometers. Age-based HRmax was predicted using the Fox (220-age) and Tanaka (208 - 0.7 × age) formulas.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The standard error of estimate (SEE) of predicted HRmax was 12.4 and 11.4 bpm for the Fox and Tanaka formulas, respectively, indicating a wide-spread of measured-HRmax values are compared to their age-predicted values. The SEE (shown as Fox/Tanaka) was higher in Blacks (14.4/13.1 bpm) and Males (12.6/11.7 bpm) compared to Whites (11.0/10.2 bpm) and Females (12.3/11.2 bpm) for both formulas. The SEE was higher in subjects above the BMI median (12.8/11.9 bpm) and below the fitness median (13.4/12.4 bpm) when compared to those below the BMI median (12.2/11.0 bpm) and above the fitness median (11.4/10.3) for both formulas.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings show that based on the SEE, the prevailing age-based estimated HRmax equations do not precisely predict an individual's measured-HRmax .
authors.affiliation: Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70808.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sarzynski
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rankinen
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Earnest
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Leon
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Skinner
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bouchard
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D044383:Black People; D002170:Canada; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D012737:Sex Factors; D014481:United States; D044465:White People; D055815:Young Adult; D001741:Black or African American
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