Dietary intake in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis.
OBJECTIVE
The recommendation for caloric intake in CF patients is to obtain intakes between 110 and 200% of the estimated average requirement (EAR) for age groups and gender, of which 35-40 energy% should be from fat. It is questionable whether the advice is met.


METHODS
1726 Completed 3-day dietary food records of 234 CF patients (111 girls) and 2860 completed two non-consecutive 24-h dietary assessments of healthy controls (1411 girls) were studied. The dietary intake in CF patients was compared with that of healthy controls by using independent sample t tests.


RESULTS
Caloric intake in children with CF varied highly with age (88-127% EAR), which is below or in the lower range of the recommended 110-200% EAR. However the absolute caloric intake in CF children was significantly higher compared to controls at all ages. In addition, apart from boys aged 1-3 years, all CF children had a fat intake of 35 energy% or more. This fat intake was significantly higher than in controls, as was the consumption of saturated fat, the latter being well above 10% of the total energy intake.


CONCLUSIONS
Although CF patients generally do not meet the EAR recommendations, they had a significantly higher caloric intake than controls. Moreover fat intake in CF patients does generally meet recommendations, but this resulted in a considerable consumption of saturated fat; a reduction of the latter seems appropriate.
Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Dietetics and, Cystic Fibrosis Centre Utrecht, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Internal Address KH.01.419.0, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands. Electronic address: j.w.woestenenk@umcutrecht.nl.
J W
JW
Woestenenk
Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology and, Cystic Fibrosis Centre Utrecht, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Internal Address KE.04.133.1, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
S J A M
SJ
Castelijns
Department of Paediatric Pulmonology and, Cystic Fibrosis Centre Utrecht, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Internal address KH.01.419.0, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
C K
CK
van der Ent
Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology and, Cystic Fibrosis Centre Utrecht, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Internal Address KE.04.133.1, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
R H J
RH
Houwen
D000293:Adolescent; D001827:Body Height; D001835:Body Weight; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000178:diet therapy*; D015930:Diet Records; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D009752:Nutritional Status; D012189:Retrospective Studies
D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004044:Dietary Proteins
Cystic fibrosis; Diet; Diet records; Nutrition therapy