[Relationship between the clustering of risk factors and the prevalence of hypertension in the community residents living in Shanghai].
OBJECTIVE
To study the association between the clustering manifestation of factors as overweight and central obesity, family heredity, immoderate alcohol drinking, tobacco smoking, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia and the prevalence of hypertension.


METHODS
Data was from a program related to the comprehensive prevention and control strategies on cardiac-cerebral vascular disease carried out in the communities of Shanghai, to describe the relationship between the clustering of risk factors and hypertension. This program included 15 158 people with complete data at the age of 35 - 74, from 2008 - 2011. Both single factor and multi-factor analysis were used and longitudinal study was performed to further explore the causal relationship.


RESULTS
The overall prevalence of hypertension at the baseline survey was 41.9%. The associated ORs (age-adjusted) of hypertension parallelly increased with the number of risk factors under clustering. The associated OR of the males with 1, 2, 3, 4 as well as 5 and above risk factors were 3.157 [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.152 - 4.630], 6.428 (95%CI: 4.435 - 9.319), 11.797 (95%CI: 8.135 - 17.105), 19.723 (95%CI: 13.414 - 29.000), 33.051 (95%CI: 21.449 - 50.930) respectively. In females with 1, 2, 3 as well as 4 risk factors, the associated ORs were 2.917 (95%CI: 2.374 - 3.585), 6.499 (95%CI: 5.307 - 7.959), 15.717 (95%CI: 12.609 - 19.591) and 31.719 (95%CI: 21.744 - 46.270), respectively. For longitudinal study, the 2-year incidence of hypertension in males and females were 1.9% and 1.6%, respectively. Compared to those people without risk factors, the incidence was higher in the people with a larger number of clustering. When the clustering number reaching 2 or 3 in females, the relative risk (RR) were 2.111 (95%CI: 1.024 - 4.350) and 3.000 (95%CI: 1.287 - 6.995) respectively, with statistically significant difference.


CONCLUSIONS
The risk of hypertension parallelly increased with the clustering number of relevant risk factors. Comprehensive prevention and control on related risk factors was required.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
Geng
G
Wang
Li-ming
LM
Li
Yong-hua
YH
Hu
Si-yan
SY
Zhan
Jun
J
Lü
Wen-jing
WJ
Gao
Can-qing
CQ
Yu
Sheng-feng
SF
Wang
Jin
J
Wang
Li-qiang
LQ
Dai
Wei-hua
WH
Cao
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015982:Bias; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012307:Risk Factors