Erythroid development in the mammalian embryo.
Erythropoiesis is the process by which progenitors for red blood cells are produced and terminally differentiate. In all vertebrates, two morphologically distinct erythroid lineages (primitive, embryonic, and definitive, fetal/adult) form successively within the yolk sac, fetal liver, and marrow and are essential for normal development. Red blood cells have evolved highly specialized functions in oxygen transport, defense against oxidation, and vascular remodeling. Here we review key features of the ontogeny of red blood cell development in mammals, highlight similarities and differences revealed by genetic and gene expression profiling studies, and discuss methods for identifying erythroid cells at different stages of development and differentiation.
Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; The Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA. Electronic address: margaret.baron@mssm.edu.
Margaret H
MH
Baron
Andrei
A
Vacaru
Johnathan
J
Nieves
D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D019070:Cell Lineage; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian; D041905:Erythroid Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D004920:Erythropoiesis / Q000502:physiology*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000196:embryology / Q000502:physiology; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D015017:Yolk Sac / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology
AGM; BFU-E; CFU-E; E#; E-Tmod; EMP; ES; ESRE; EryD; EryP; Erythroid differentiation; Fetal liver; GFP; HPP-CFC; MEP; Mammalian embryo; Primitive erythropoiesis; Transgenic mice; Yolk sac; aorta–gonad–mesonephros; bipotential megakaryocyte/erythroid progenitor; burst-forming unit erythroid; colony-forming cells erythroid; definitive, enucleated erythrocytes; embryonic day post-fertilization; embryonic stem; erythroid–myeloid progenitor; erythroid–tropomodulin; extensively self-renewing erythroid; green fluorescent protein; high proliferating progenitors-colony forming cell; primitive (nucleated) erythrocytes