Survey of familial glaucoma shows a high incidence of cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily B, polypeptide 1 (CYP1B1) mutations in non-consanguineous congenital forms in a Spanish population.
OBJECTIVE
To identify myocilin (MYOC) and cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily B, polypeptide 1 (CYP1B1) mutations in a Spanish population with different clinical forms of familial glaucoma or ocular hypertension (OHT).


METHODS
Index patients from 226 families participated in this study. Patients were diagnosed with familial glaucoma or OHT by complete ophthalmologic examination. Screening for MYOC mutations was performed in 207 index patients: 96 with adult-onset primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), 21 with primary congenital glaucoma (PCG), 18 with juvenile-onset open-angle glaucoma (JOAG), five with Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome (ARS), and 67 with other types of glaucoma. One hundred two of the families (including all those in whom a MYOC mutation was detected) were also screened for CYP1B1 mutations: 45 POAG, 25 PCG, 21 JOAG, four ARS, and seven others.


RESULTS
We examined 292 individuals (patients and relatives) with a positive family history of glaucoma or OHT. We identified two novel MYOC variants, p.Lys39Arg and p.Glu218Lys, in two families with POAG, and six previously reported MYOC mutations in seven families with POAG (four), JOAG (one), PCG (one), and normotensive glaucoma (one). CYP1B1 mutations were found in 16 index patients with PCG (nine), POAG (three), JOAG (two), and ARS (two).


CONCLUSIONS
The high percentage (9/25=36%) of mutations in CYP1B1 found in non-consanguineous patients with congenital glaucoma mandates genetic testing. However, the percentage of mutations (9/207=4.4%) in MYOC associated with glaucoma is relatively low in our population. The variable phenotype expression of glaucoma, even in families, cannot be explained with a digenic mechanism between MYOC and CYP1B1.
Unidad de Glaucoma y Genética, Institut Comtal d'Oftalmologia, Barcelona, Spain.
Elena
E
Millá
Begoña
B
Mañé
Susana
S
Duch
Imma
I
Hernan
Emma
E
Borràs
Ester
E
Planas
Miguel de Sousa
Mde S
Dias
Miguel
M
Carballo
María José
MJ
Gamundi
D000869:Anterior Eye Segment / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000201:enzymology; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases / Q000235:genetics*; D003241:Consanguinity; D065633:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1B1; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D005124:Eye Abnormalities / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D015785:Eye Diseases, Hereditary; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000151:congenital* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics; D006306:Health Surveys; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D010375:Pedigree; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D000099179:Myocilin
D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; D065633:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1B1; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D005136:Eye Proteins; D006023:Glycoproteins; D000099179:Myocilin; C585496:CYP1B1 protein, human