Rethinking our public health genetics research paradigm.
Since the sequencing of the human genome, tremendous resources have been dedicated to understanding how genetic determinants may drive the production of disease. Despite some successes, the promise of genetics research in these areas remains largely unrealized. The focus on isolating individual (or clusters of) genes that may be associated with narrowly defined phenotypes in large part explains this discrepancy. In particular, efforts to identify genotypes associated with narrow phenotypes force the field to use study designs that capitalize on homogeneous samples to minimize the potential for competing influences or confounders, which imposes important limitations on understanding the role of genes in human health. We argue that a population health genetics that incorporates genetics into large, multiwave, multilevel cohorts has the best potential to clarify how genes, in combination and with the environment, jointly influence population health.
Abdulrahman M. El-Sayed, Karestan C. Koenen, and Sandro Galea are with the Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY. Abdulrahman El-Sayed is also with the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University.
Abdulrahman M
AM
El-Sayed
Karestan C
KC
Koenen
Sandro
S
Galea
D036281:Genetic Research; D005828:Genetics, Population; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D010641:Phenotype; D011634:Public Health; D012107:Research Design