A cost-minimisation study of 1,001 NHS Direct users.
BACKGROUND
To determine financial and quality of life impact of patients calling the '0845' NHS Direct (NHS Direct) telephone helpline from the perspective of NHS service providers.


METHODS
Cost-minimisation of repeated cohort measures from a National Survey of NHS Direct's telephone service using telephone survey results. 1,001 people contacting NHS Direct's 0845 telephone service in 2009 who agreed to a 4-6 week follow-up. A cost comparison between NHS Direct recommendation and patient-stated first alternative had NHS Direct not been available. Analysis also considers impact on quality of life of NHS Direct recommendations using the Visual Analogue Scale of the EQ-5D.


RESULTS
Significant referral pattern differences were observed between NHS Direct recommendation and patient-stated first alternatives (p < 0.001). Per patient cost savings resulted from NHS Direct's recommendation to attend A&E (£36.54); GP Practice (£19.41); Walk-In Centre (£49.85); Pharmacist (£25.80); Dentist (£2.35) and do nothing/treat at home (£19.77), while it was marginally more costly for 999 calls (£3.33). Overall an average per patient saving of £19.55 was found (a 36% saving compared with patient-stated first alternatives). For 5 million NHS Direct telephone calls per year, this represents an annual cost saving of £97,756,013. Significant quality of life differences were observed at baseline and follow-up between those who believed their problem was 'urgent' (p = 0.001) and those who said it was 'non-urgent' (p = 0.045). Whilst both groups improved, self-classified 'urgent' cases made greater health gains than those who said they were 'non-urgent' (urgent by 21.5 points; non-urgent by 16.1 points).


CONCLUSIONS
The '0845' service of NHS Direct produced substantial cost savings in terms of referrals to the other parts of the NHS when compared with patients' own stated first alternative. Health-related quality of life also improved for users of this service demonstrating that these savings can be produced without perceived harm to patients.
Health Economics Consulting, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, UK. r.lambert@uea.ac.uk
Rod
R
Lambert
Richard
R
Fordham
Shirley
S
Large
Brian
B
Gaffney
D017046:Cost Savings / Q000191:economics*; D005102:Health Expenditures; D006296:Health Services / Q000191:economics; D015277:Hotlines / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D010147:Pain Measurement; D036301:Qualitative Research; D011788:Quality of Life; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D013222:State Medicine