Effect of 3D microgroove surface topography on plasma and cellular fibronectin of human gingival fibroblasts.
OBJECTIVE
Fibronectin (FN), an extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoprotein, is a key factor in the compatibility of dental implant materials. Our objective was to determine the optimal dimensions of microgrooves in the transmucosal part of a dental implant, for optimal absorption of plasma FN and expression of cellular FN by human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs).


METHODS
Microgroove titanium surfaces were fabricated by photolithography with parallel grooves: 15μm, 30μm, or 60μm in width and 5μm or 10μm in depth. Smooth titanium surfaces were used as controls. Surface hydrophilicity, plasma FN adsorption and cellular FN expression by HGFs were measured for both microgroove and control samples.


RESULTS
We found that narrower and deeper microgrooves amplified surface hydrophobicity. A 15-μm wide microgroove was the most hydrophobic surface and a 60-μm wide microgroove was the most hydrophilic. The latter had more expression of cellular FN than any other surface, but less absorption of plasma FN than 15-μm wide microgrooves. Variation in microgroove depth did not appear to effect FN absorption or expression unless the groove was narrow (∼15 or 30μm). In those instances, the shallower depths resulted in greater expression of cellular FN.


CONCLUSIONS
Our microgrooves improved expression of cellular FN, which functionally compensated for plasma FN. A microgroove width of 60μm and depth of 5 or 10μm appears to be optimal for the transmucosal part of the dental implant.
School of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350000, China.
Yingzhen
Y
Lai
Jiang
J
Chen
Tao
T
Zhang
Dandan
D
Gu
Chunquan
C
Zhang
Zuanfang
Z
Li
Shan
S
Lin
Xiaoming
X
Fu
Stefan
S
Schultze-Mosgau
D065966:Absorption, Physicochemical; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015921:Dental Implants; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism*; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry*; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D005881:Gingiva / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry; D017155:Wettability
D015921:Dental Implants; D003764:Dental Materials; D005353:Fibronectins; D014025:Titanium
Cellular FN; Dental implant; Human gingival fibroblasts; Microgroove; Plasma FN; Titanium surfaces