Identification of differentially expressed proteins by treatment with PUGNAc in 3T3-L1 adipocytes through analysis of ATP-binding proteome.
O-GlcNAc (2-acetamino-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranose), an important modification for cellular processes, is catalyzed by O-GlcNAc transferase and O-GlcNAcase. O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranosylidene) amino-N-phenylcarbamate (PUGNAc) is a nonselective inhibitor of O-GlcNAcase, which increases the level of protein O-GlcNAcylation and is known to induce insulin-resistance in adipose cells due to uncharacterized targets of this inhibitor. In this study, using ATP affinity chromatography, we applied a targeted proteomic approach for identification of proteins induced by treatment with PUGNAc. For optimization of proteomic methods using ATP affinity chromatography, comparison of two cell lines (3T3-L1 adipocytes and C2C12 myotubes) and two different digestion steps was performed using four different structures of immobilized ATP-bound resins. Using this approach, based on DNA sequence homologies, we found that the identified proteins covered almost half of ATP-binding protein families classified by PROSITE. The optimized ATP affinity chromatography approach was applied for identification of proteins that were differentially expressed in 3T3-L1 adipocytes following treatment with PUGNAc. For label-free quantitation, a gel-assisted method was used for digestion of the eluted proteins, and analysis was performed using two different MS modes, data-independent (671 proteins identified) and data-dependent (533 proteins identified) analyses. Among identified proteins, 261 proteins belong to nucleotide-binding proteins and we focused on some nucleotide-binding proteins, ubiquitin-activation enzyme 1 (E1), Hsp70, vasolin-containing protein (Vcp), and Hsp90, involved in ubiquitin-proteasome degradation and insulin signaling pathways. In addition, we found that treatment with PUGNAc resulted in increased ubiquitination of proteins in a time-dependent manner, and a decrease in both the amount of Akt and the level of phosphorylation of Akt, a key component in insulin signaling, through downregulation of Hsp90. In this study, based on a targeted proteomic approach using ATP affinity chromatography, we found four proteins related to ubiquitination and insulin signaling pathways that were induced by treatment with PUGNAc. This result would provide insight into understanding functions of PUGNAc in 3T3-L1 cells.
Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Cell and Matrix Biology Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
Jeong-Eun
JE
Lee
Ja-Hye
JH
Park
Pyong-Gon
PG
Moon
Moon-Chang
MC
Baek
D041721:3T3-L1 Cells; D000117:Acetylglucosamine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism*; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002846:Chromatography, Affinity; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006031:Glycosylation / Q000187:drug effects; D018841:HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D018485:Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism; D010091:Oximes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D048448:Phenylcarbamates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000187:drug effects; D060066:Protein Interaction Maps / Q000187:drug effects; D020543:Proteome / Q000378:metabolism*; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000378:metabolism; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D054875:Ubiquitination / Q000187:drug effects
D018841:HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins; D010091:Oximes; D048448:Phenylcarbamates; D020543:Proteome; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; C068836:N-acetylglucosaminono-1,5-lactone O-(phenylcarbamoyl)oxime; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D000117:Acetylglucosamine
3T3-L1 Adipocytes; ATP affinity chromatography; Cell biology; O-GlcNAc; PUGNAc; Ubiquitination