Bioconcentration of triclosan and methyl-triclosan in marine mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) under laboratory conditions and in metropolitan waters of Gulf St Vincent, South Australia.
The anti-microbial agent triclosan (TCS), and its derivative methyl-triclosan (Me-TCS), are discharged with treated effluents from wastewater treatment plants to receiving environments. We investigated the bioconcentration of TCS and Me-TCS in mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) exposed to TCS (100 ng L(-1)) for 30 days in seawater aquaria (19±2°C) with fresh phytoplankton as a food source. Bioconcentration increased with time reaching a steady-state around 24-30 days. The bioconcentration factor (log BCF) for TCS were 2.81 L kg(-1) (dry weight) and 4.13 L kg(-1), when lipid normalised concentrations were used. Mussels were also deployed in cages at four marine locations receiving effluents from WWTPs. The mean (±SD) TCS and Me-TCS concentrations for mussels from these sites were 9.87 (±1.34) and 6.99 (±2.44) μg kg(-1). The study showed that mussels can be a useful tool for monitoring pollution of TCS and Me-TCS in marine and estuarine environments.
CSIRO Land and Water, Adelaide Laboratory, PMB 2, Glen Osmond SA 5064, Australia. Electronic address: rai.kookana@csiro.au.
Rai S
RS
Kookana
Ali
A
Shareef
Milena B
MB
Fernandes
Sonja
S
Hoare
Sam
S
Gaylard
Anu
A
Kumar
D000818:Animals; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000378:metabolism*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D049878:Mytilus / Q000378:metabolism*; D013021:South Australia; D014260:Triclosan / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism*
D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014260:Triclosan; C502486:methyl triclosan
Anti-microbial agents; Bioaccumulation; Bioconcentration; Biomonitoring; Mussels; Personal care products