Emerging therapies in multiple myeloma.
The treatment of multiple myeloma has evolved significantly over the past 2 decades due to the use of high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation, and the subsequent introduction of the immunomodulatory agents (thalidomide and lenalidomide) and the proteasome inhibitor (bortezomib). The median overall survival of multiple myeloma patients has increased significantly with patients younger than age 50 years experiencing a 10-year survival rate of around 40%. However, despite the increased effectiveness of the first-line agents, the majority of patients will eventually relapse and become drug resistant. Promising novel therapies have recently emerged and are being used to treat relapsed and refractory patients. This review will cover the clinical data regarding these emergent therapies that include new generation of proteasome inhibitors (carfilzomib, ixazomib, oprozomib, and marizomib), immunomodulatory drugs (pomalidomide), monoclonal antibodies (elotuzumab and daratumumab), signal transduction modulator (perifosine), and histone deacetylase inhibitors (vorinostat and panobinostat).
*Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology †Division of Hematology/Oncology, Bone Marrow Transplant Program, The George Washington University, Washington, DC.
Joelle
J
El-Amm
Imad A
IA
Tabbara
D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000628:therapy*; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010767:Phosphorylcholine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D061988:Proteasome Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013792:Thalidomide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use
D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D009842:Oligopeptides; D061988:Proteasome Inhibitors; D010767:Phosphorylcholine; C546027:elotuzumab; C105905:perifosine; D013792:Thalidomide; C524865:carfilzomib; C467566:pomalidomide