Prevalence of dry eye syndrome in an adult population.
BACKGROUND
To determine the prevalence of dry eye syndrome in the general 40- to 64-year-old population of Shahroud, Iran.


METHODS
Population-based cross-sectional study.


METHODS
Through cluster sampling, 6311 people were selected and 5190 participated. Assessment of dry eye was done in a random subsample of 1008 people.


METHODS
Subjective assessment for dry eye syndrome was performed using Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire. In addition, the following objective tests of dry eye syndrome were employed: Schirmer test, tear break-up time, and fluorescein and Rose Bengal staining using the Oxford grading scheme.


METHODS
Those with an Ocular Surface Disease Index score ≥23 were considered symptomatic, and dry eye syndrome was defined as having symptoms and at least one positive objective sign.


RESULTS
The prevalence of dry eye syndrome was 8.7% (95% confidence interval 6.9-10.6). Assessment of signs showed an abnormal Schirmer score in 17.8% (95% confidence interval 15.5-20.0), tear break-up time in 34.2% (95% confidence interval 29.5-38.8), corneal fluorescein staining (≥1) in 11.3% (95% confidence interval 8.5-14.1) and Rose Bengal staining (≥3 for cornea and/or conjunctiva) in 4.9% (95% confidence interval 3.4-6.5). According to the Ocular Surface Disease Index scores, 18.3% (95% confidence interval 15.9-20.6) had dry eye syndrome symptoms. The prevalence of dry eye syndrome was significantly higher in women (P = 0.010) and not significantly associated with age (P = 0.291). The objective dry eye syndrome signs significantly increased with age.


CONCLUSIONS
Based on the findings, the prevalence of dry eye syndrome in the studied population is in the mid-range. The prevalence is higher in women. Also, objective tests tend to turn abnormal at higher age. Pterygium is associated with dry eye syndrome and increased its symptoms.
Noor Ophthalmology Research Center, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran; Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Hassan
H
Hashemi
Mehdi
M
Khabazkhoob
Ahmad
A
Kheirkhah
Mohammad Hassan
MH
Emamian
Shiva
S
Mehravaran
Mohammad
M
Shariati
Akbar
A
Fotouhi
D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D003315:Cornea / Q000378:metabolism; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015352:Dry Eye Syndromes / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D019793:Fluorescein / Q000378:metabolism; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012395:Rose Bengal / Q000378:metabolism; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012737:Sex Factors; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000379:methods
D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D012395:Rose Bengal; D019793:Fluorescein
Iran; dry eye; population-based study; prevalence