Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors among Latin American adolescents: a multilevel analysis.
High blood pressure (HBP) and obesity is a well-established major risk factor for stroke and coronary heart disease. However, the literatures are scarce about these informations in adolescents from low-and-middle income countries. This school-based survey was carried out among students from Maringá (Brazil) and Buenos Aires (Argentina) selected random sampling. We studied 991 Brazilian adolescents (54.5% girls) in the age range of 14-18 years. In Argentina, we studied 933 adolescents (45.9% female) in the age range of 11-17 years. The outcomes of this study are general obesity, abdominal obesity and HBP. The associated factors analysed were gender, age and health behaviours. The prevalence of obesity was 5.8% in Brazil and 2.8% in Argentina, the prevalence of abdominal obesity was 32.7% in Brazil and 11.1% in Argentina, the prevalence of HBP was 14.9% in Brazil and 13.5% in Argentina. The multilevel analysis showed that older adolescents (>14 years old) have a little likelihood of being overweight, whereas male adolescents are more likely to be obese and have HBP. The abdominal obesity in both indicators were not associated with the independent variables. The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors is high in Latin American adolescents independent of each country, and was associated with male gender.
1] Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil [2] GEPECIN-Science of Nutrition Group Research, PUC/PR, Maringá, Brazil [3] GENUD-Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development, UNIZAR, Zaragoza, Spain [4] GICRAF-Scientific Research Group Related to Physical Activity, UNESP, Presidente Prudente, Brazil [5] Departament of Physiatry and Nursing - School of Health Sciences of the University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
A C F
AC
de Moraes
Argentina Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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C
Musso
Argentina Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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MN
Graffigna
Argentina Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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J
Soutelo
Argentina Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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M
Migliano
GEPECIN-Science of Nutrition Group Research, PUC/PR, Maringá, Brazil.
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HB
Carvalho
1] Argentina Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Buenos Aires, Argentina [2] Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry of the University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Berg
D000293:Adolescent; D000886:Anthropometry; D001118:Argentina / Q000453:epidemiology; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D050177:Overweight / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012574:Schools