[Resting heart rate and cardiovascular disease].
Heart rate reflects autonomic nervous system activity. Numerous studies have demonstrated that an increased heart rate at rest is associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality as an independent risk factor. It has been shown a link between cardiac autonomic balance and inflammation. Thus, an elevated heart rate produces a micro-inflammatory response and is involved in the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction. In turn, decrease in heart rate produces benefits in congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, obesity, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and atherosclerosis. Alteration of other heart rate-related parameters, such as their variability and recovery after exercise, is associated with risk of cardiovascular events. Drugs reducing the heart rate (beta-blockers, calcium antagonists and inhibitors of If channels) have the potential to reduce cardiovascular events. Although not recommended in healthy subjects, interventions for reducing heart rate constitute a reasonable therapeutic goal in certain pathologies.
Unidad de Investigación de Atención Primaria, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, España; Red de Investigación Cardiovascular, Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, España.
Buenaventura
B
Brito Díaz
Unidad de Investigación de Atención Primaria, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, España; Red de Investigación Cardiovascular, Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, España.
José Juan
JJ
Alemán Sánchez
Unidad de Investigación de Atención Primaria, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, España; Red de Investigación Cardiovascular, Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, España; Área de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, España. Electronic address: acableo@gobiernodecanarias.org.
Antonio
A
Cabrera de León
D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000503:physiopathology; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000503:physiopathology; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D056128:Obesity, Abdominal / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D011379:Prognosis; D012146:Rest / Q000502:physiology*; D012307:Risk Factors
D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3
Cardiovascular disease; Enfermedad cardiovascular; Factores de riesgo; Frecuencia cardiaca; Heart rate; Risk factors