Maternal obesity during pregnancy and premature mortality from cardiovascular event in adult offspring: follow-up of 1 323 275 person years.
OBJECTIVE
To determine whether maternal obesity during pregnancy is associated with increased mortality from cardiovascular events in adult offspring.


METHODS
Record linkage cohort analysis.


METHODS
Birth records from the Aberdeen Maternity and Neonatal databank linked to the General Register of Deaths, Scotland, and the Scottish Morbidity Record systems.


METHODS
37 709 people with birth records from 1950 to present day.


METHODS
Death and hospital admissions for cardiovascular events up to 1 January 2012 in offspring aged 34-61. Maternal body mass index (BMI) was calculated from height and weight measured at the first antenatal visit. The effect of maternal obesity on outcomes in offspring was tested with time to event analysis with Cox proportional hazard regression to compare outcomes in offspring of mothers in underweight, overweight, or obese categories of BMI compared with offspring of women with normal BMI.


RESULTS
All cause mortality was increased in offspring of obese mothers (BMI >30) compared with mothers with normal BMI after adjustment for maternal age at delivery, socioeconomic status, sex of offspring, current age, birth weight, gestation at delivery, and gestation at measurement of BMI (hazard ratio 1.35, 95% confidence interval 1.17 to 1.55). In adjusted models, offspring of obese mothers also had an increased risk of hospital admission for a cardiovascular event (1.29, 1.06 to 1.57) compared with offspring of mothers with normal BMI. The offspring of overweight mothers also had a higher risk of adverse outcomes.


CONCLUSIONS
Maternal obesity is associated with an increased risk of premature death in adult offspring. As one in five women in the United Kingdom is obese at antenatal booking, strategies to optimise weight before pregnancy are urgently required.
Endocrinology Unit, BHF/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh EH14 6TJ, UK. R.Reynolds@ed.ac.uk
Rebecca M
RM
Reynolds
Keith M
KM
Allan
Edwin A
EA
Raja
Sohinee
S
Bhattacharya
Geraldine
G
McNeill
Philip C
PC
Hannaford
Nadeem
N
Sarwar
Amanda J
AJ
Lee
Siladitya
S
Bhattacharya
Jane E
JE
Norman
D000328:Adult; D032721:Adult Children; D001724:Birth Weight; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000196:embryology / Q000401:mortality*; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D061213:Mortality, Premature; D009765:Obesity; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000401:mortality*; D012606:Scotland / Q000453:epidemiology