Glycyrrhizin ameliorates insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and oxidative stress in fructose-induced metabolic syndrome-X in rat model.
This study investigates if glycyrrhizin, a constituent of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) root, is able to treat the complications (insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and oxidative stress) of metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome was induced in rats by feeding a fructose-enriched (60%) diet for six weeks, after which single dose of glycyrrhizin (50 mg/kg body weight) was administered intraperitoneally. Different biochemical parameters from blood were estimated during three weeks after treatment. Then the rats were sacrificed to collect skeletal muscle tissue. Glycyrrhizin reduced the enhanced levels of blood glucose, insulin and lipids in metabolic syndrome group. Increased advanced glycation end products of hemoglobin, glycohemoglobin, hemoglobin-mediated iron release and iron-mediated free radical reactions (arachidonic acid and deoxyribose degradation) in metabolic syndrome were inhibited by glycyrrhizin treatment. Reduced activities of enzymatic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase and catalase) and elevated oxidative stress markers (malonaldehyde, fructosamine, hemoglobin carbonyl content and DNA damage) in metabolic syndrome were reversed to almost normal levels by glycyrrhizin. The decreased levels of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) proteins in skeletal muscle of metabolic syndrome group were elevated by glycyrrhizin, indicating improved fatty acid oxidation and glucose homeostasis.
Department of Biophysics, Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, University College of Science, University of Calcutta, 92 Acharyya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata 700 009, India.
Rajarshi
R
Sil
Doel
D
Ray
Abhay Sankar
AS
Chakraborti
D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D004249:DNA Damage; D004032:Diet; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000378:metabolism; D005632:Fructose / Q000009:adverse effects; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4 / Q000378:metabolism; D019695:Glycyrrhizic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009132:Muscles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014020:Tissue Extracts
D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D006454:Hemoglobins; D007328:Insulin; D008055:Lipids; D047495:PPAR gamma; C495694:Slc2a4 protein, rat; D014020:Tissue Extracts; D005632:Fructose; D019695:Glycyrrhizic Acid