Okadaic acid meet and greet: an insight into detection methods, response strategies and genotoxic effects in marine invertebrates.
Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) constitute one of the most important sources of contamination in the oceans, producing high concentrations of potentially harmful biotoxins that are accumulated across the food chains. One such biotoxin, Okadaic Acid (OA), is produced by marine dinoflagellates and subsequently accumulated within the tissues of filtering marine organisms feeding on HABs, rapidly spreading to their predators in the food chain and eventually reaching human consumers causing Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP) syndrome. While numerous studies have thoroughly evaluated the effects of OA in mammals, the attention drawn to marine organisms in this regard has been scarce, even though they constitute primary targets for this biotoxin. With this in mind, the present work aimed to provide a timely and comprehensive insight into the current literature on the effect of OA in marine invertebrates, along with the strategies developed by these organisms to respond to its toxic effect together with the most important methods and techniques used for OA detection and evaluation.
XENOMAR Group, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of A Coruna, E15071 A Coruña, Spain. veronica.prego@udc.es
María Verónica
MV
Prego-Faraldo
Vanessa
V
Valdiglesias
Josefina
J
Méndez
José M
JM
Eirín-López
D000818:Animals; D059001:Aquatic Organisms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004141:Dinoflagellida / Q000378:metabolism; D020387:Food Chain; D005506:Food Contamination; D057097:Harmful Algal Bloom; D006801:Humans; D007448:Invertebrates / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008387:Marine Toxins / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000633:toxicity*; D009153:Mutagens / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000633:toxicity*; D019319:Okadaic Acid / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000633:toxicity*; D057096:Shellfish Poisoning / Q000209:etiology
D008387:Marine Toxins; D009153:Mutagens; D019319:Okadaic Acid