Strategies for optimizing water-exchange rates of lanthanide-based contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging.
This review describes recent advances in strategies for tuning the water-exchange rates of contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Water-exchange rates play a critical role in determining the efficiency of contrast agents; consequently, optimization of water-exchange rates, among other parameters, is necessary to achieve high efficiencies. This need has resulted in extensive research efforts to modulate water-exchange rates by chemically altering the coordination environments of the metal complexes that function as contrast agents. The focus of this review is coordination-chemistry-based strategies used to tune the water-exchange rates of lanthanide(III)-based contrast agents for MRI. Emphasis will be given to results published in the 21st century, as well as implications of these strategies on the design of contrast agents.
Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
Buddhima N
BN
Siriwardena-Mahanama
Matthew J
MJ
Allen
D003287:Contrast Media / Q000737:chemistry*; D056831:Coordination Complexes / Q000737:chemistry; D005682:Gadolinium / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D028581:Lanthanoid Series Elements / Q000737:chemistry*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
D003287:Contrast Media; D056831:Coordination Complexes; D028581:Lanthanoid Series Elements; D014867:Water; D005682:Gadolinium