In vitro and in vivo mapping of drug release after laser ablation thermal therapy with doxorubicin-loaded hollow gold nanoshells using fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging.
Doxorubicin-loaded hollow gold nanoshells (Dox@PEG-HAuNS) increase the efficacy of photothermal ablation (PTA) not only by mediating efficient PTA but also through chemotherapy, and therefore have potential utility for local anticancer therapy. However, in vivo real-time monitoring of Dox release and temperature achieved during the laser ablation technique has not been previously demonstrated before. In this study, we used fluorescence optical imaging to map the release of Dox from Dox@PEG-HAuNS and photoacoustic imaging to monitor the tumor temperature achieved during near-infrared laser-induced photothermal heating in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, treatment with a 3-W laser was sufficient to initiate the release of Dox from Dox@PEG-HAuNS (1:3:1 wt/wt, 1.32 × 10(12)particles/mL). Laser powers of 3 and 6W achieved ablative temperatures of more than 50°C. In 4T1 tumor-bearing nude mice that received intratumoral or intravenous injections of Dox@PEG-HAuNS, fluorescence optical imaging (emission wavelength = 600 nm, excitation wavelength = 500 nm) revealed that the fluorescence intensity in surface laser-treated tumors 24h after treatment was significantly higher than that in untreated tumors (p = 0.015 for intratumoral, p = 0.008 for intravenous). Similar results were obtained using an interstitial laser to irradiate tumors following the intravenous injection of Dox@PEG-HAuNS (p = 0.002 at t = 24h). Photoacoustic imaging (acquisition wavelength = 800 nm) revealed that laser treatment caused a substantial increase in tumor temperature, from 37 °C to ablative temperatures of more than 50 °C. Ex vivo analysis revealed that the fluorescence intensity of laser-treated tumors was twice as high as that of untreated tumors (p = 0.009). Histological analysis confirmed that intratumoral injection of Dox@PEG-HAuNS and laser treatment caused significantly more tumor necrosis compared to tumors that were not treated with laser (p<0.001). On the basis of these findings, we conclude that fluorescence optical imaging and photoacoustic imaging are promising approaches to assessing Dox release and monitoring temperature, respectively, after Dox@PEG-HAuNS-mediated thermal ablation therapy.
Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA.
Hannah J
HJ
Lee
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA.
Yang
Y
Liu
Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA.
Jun
J
Zhao
Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA.
Min
M
Zhou
Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA.
Richard R
RR
Bouchard
Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA.
Trevor
T
Mitcham
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA.
Michael
M
Wallace
Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA.
R Jason
RJ
Stafford
Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA.
Chun
C
Li
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA.
Sanjay
S
Gupta
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA. Electronic address: mmelancon@mdanderson.org.
Marites P
MP
Melancon
D000818:Animals; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D053685:Laser Therapy; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D057054:Molecular Imaging; D057145:Nanoshells / Q000737:chemistry*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D061848:Optical Imaging; D061088:Photoacoustic Techniques; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D004317:Doxorubicin
Magnetic resonance temperature imaging; Molecular imaging; Near-infrared optical imaging; Photoacoustic imaging; Targeted hollow gold nanoshells