Development and validation of anthropometric prediction equations for estimation of lean body mass and appendicular lean soft tissue in Indian men and women.
Lean body mass (LBM) and muscle mass remain difficult to quantify in large epidemiological studies due to the unavailability of inexpensive methods. We therefore developed anthropometric prediction equations to estimate the LBM and appendicular lean soft tissue (ALST) using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as a reference method. Healthy volunteers (n = 2,220; 36% women; age 18-79 yr), representing a wide range of body mass index (14-44 kg/m(2)), participated in this study. Their LBM, including ALST, was assessed by DXA along with anthropometric measurements. The sample was divided into prediction (60%) and validation (40%) sets. In the prediction set, a number of prediction models were constructed using DXA-measured LBM and ALST estimates as dependent variables and a combination of anthropometric indices as independent variables. These equations were cross-validated in the validation set. Simple equations using age, height, and weight explained >90% variation in the LBM and ALST in both men and women. Additional variables (hip and limb circumferences and sum of skinfold thicknesses) increased the explained variation by 5-8% in the fully adjusted models predicting LBM and ALST. More complex equations using all of the above anthropometric variables could predict the DXA-measured LBM and ALST accurately, as indicated by low standard error of the estimate (LBM: 1.47 kg and 1.63 kg for men and women, respectively), as well as good agreement by Bland-Altman analyses (Bland JM, Altman D. Lancet 1: 307-310, 1986). These equations could be a valuable tool in large epidemiological studies assessing these body compartments in Indians and other population groups with similar body composition.
Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia;
Bharati
B
Kulkarni
Hannah
H
Kuper
Amy
A
Taylor
Jonathan C
JC
Wells
K V
KV
Radhakrishna
Sanjay
S
Kinra
Yoav
Y
Ben-Shlomo
George Davey
GD
Smith
Shah
S
Ebrahim
Nuala M
NM
Byrne
Andrew P
AP
Hills
D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000886:Anthropometry; D001823:Body Composition; D001827:Body Height / Q000208:ethnology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012737:Sex Factors; D012885:Skinfold Thickness; D055815:Young Adult
Indian; anthropometry; appendicular lean soft tissue; lean body mass; prediction equation