Functional validation of virtual screening for novel agents with general anesthetic action at ligand-gated ion channels.
GABA(A) receptors play a crucial role in the actions of general anesthetics. The recently published crystal structure of the general anesthetic propofol bound to Gloeobacter violaceus ligand-gated ion channel (GLIC), a bacterial homolog of GABA(A) receptors, provided an opportunity to explore structure-based ligand discovery for pentameric ligand-gated ion channels (pLGICs). We used molecular docking of 153,000 commercially available compounds to identify molecules that interact with the propofol binding site in GLIC. In total, 29 compounds were selected for functional testing on recombinant GLIC, and 16 of these compounds modulated GLIC function. Active compounds were also tested on recombinant GABA(A) receptors, and point mutations around the presumed binding pocket were introduced into GLIC and GABA(A) receptors to test for binding specificity. The potency of active compounds was only weakly correlated with properties such as lipophilicity or molecular weight. One compound was found to mimic the actions of propofol on GLIC and GABA(A), and to be sensitive to mutations that reduce the action of propofol in both receptors. Mutant receptors also provided insight about the position of the binding sites and the relevance of the receptor's conformation for anesthetic actions. Overall, the findings support the feasibility of the use of virtual screening to discover allosteric modulators of pLGICs, and suggest that GLIC is a valid model system to identify novel GABA(A) receptor ligands.
Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland (S.A.H.); Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas (R.J.H., C.M.B., M.A.C., U.S.L., R.A.H.); Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden (T.B., E.L.); and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for Biomembrane Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden (J.C.).
Stephanie A
SA
Heusser
Rebecca J
RJ
Howard
Cecilia M
CM
Borghese
Madeline A
MA
Cullins
Torben
T
Broemstrup
Ui S
US
Lee
Erik
E
Lindahl
Jens
J
Carlsson
R Adron
RA
Harris
D018681:Anesthetics, General / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D005260:Female; D058446:Ligand-Gated Ion Channels / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects*; D062105:Molecular Docking Simulation; D009154:Mutation; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A / Q000187:drug effects; D014982:Xenopus laevis
D018681:Anesthetics, General; D058446:Ligand-Gated Ion Channels; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A