Nonmotor symptoms in Parkinson's disease: expanding the view of Parkinson's disease beyond a pure motor, pure dopaminergic problem.
Nonmotor symptoms (NMS) of Parkinson's disease (PD) are critical to identify and treat because of their impact on quality of life. Despite growing evidence of the importance of NMS on patients' quality of life, gaps remain in their recognition and treatment. The result is a need for increased information and understanding of specific NMS and the clinical approaches for their assessment and management in the context of PD as a whole. This article discusses the NMS of PD, their relationship to the pathologic basis of PD, and how NMS can be best managed.
Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham and Birmingham VA Medical Center, 1720 7th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA. vsung@uab.edu
Victor W
VW
Sung
Anthony P
AP
Nicholas
D000818:Animals; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism; D015259:Dopamine Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology*; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology
D015259:Dopamine Agents; D004298:Dopamine
Dopaminergic; Motor symptoms; Nonmotor symptoms; Parkinson's disease