Olanzapine activates hepatic mammalian target of rapamycin: new mechanistic insight into metabolic dysregulation with atypical antipsychotic drugs.
Olanzapine (OLZ), an effective treatment of schizophrenia and other disorders, causes weight gain and metabolic syndrome. Most studies to date have focused on the potential effects of OLZ on the central nervous system's mediation of weight; however, peripheral changes in liver or other key metabolic organs may also play a role in the systemic effects of OLZ. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of OLZ on hepatic metabolism in a mouse model of OLZ exposure. Female C57Bl/6J mice were administered OLZ (8 mg/kg per day) or vehicle subcutaneously by osmotic minipumps for 28 days. Liver and plasma were taken at sacrifice for biochemical analyses and for comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry metabolomics analysis. OLZ increased body weight, fat pad mass, and liver-to-body weight ratio without commensurate increase in food consumption, indicating that OLZ altered energy expenditure. Expression and biochemical analyses indicated that OLZ induced anaerobic glycolysis and caused a pseudo-fasted state, which depleted hepatic glycogen reserves. OLZ caused similar effects in cultured HepG2 cells, as determined by Seahorse analysis. Metabolomic analysis indicated that OLZ increased hepatic concentrations of amino acids that can alter metabolism via the mTOR pathway; indeed, hepatic mTOR signaling was robustly increased by OLZ. Interestingly, OLZ concomitantly activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling. Taken together, these data suggest that disturbances in glucose and lipid metabolism caused by OLZ in liver may be mediated, at least in part, via simultaneous activation of both catabolic (AMPK) and anabolic (mammalian target of rapamycin) pathways, which yields new insight into the metabolic side effects of this drug.
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (R.H.S., J.D.J., V.L.M., J.I.B., G.E.A.), and Department of Medicine (K.C.F.), Health Sciences Center, and Department of Chemistry (X.S., X.Y., X.Z.), University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.
Robin H
RH
Schmidt
Jenny D
JD
Jokinen
Veronica L
VL
Massey
K Cameron
KC
Falkner
Xue
X
Shi
Xinmin
X
Yin
Xiang
X
Zhang
Juliane I
JI
Beier
Gavin E
GE
Arteel
D000818:Animals; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D015918:Infusion Pumps, Implantable; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D000077152:Olanzapine; D009997:Osmotic Pressure; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D001786:Blood Glucose; D001569:Benzodiazepines; C546843:mTOR protein, mouse; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D000077152:Olanzapine