Hepatitis C virus infection influences the S-methadone metabolite plasma concentration.
OBJECTIVE
Heroin-dependent patients typically contract hepatitis C virus (HCV) at a disproportionately high level due to needle exchange. The liver is the primary target organ of HCV infection and also the main organ responsible for drug metabolism. Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) is a major treatment regimen for opioid dependence. HCV infection may affect methadone metabolism but this has rarely been studied. In our current study, we aimed to test the hypothesis that HCV may influence the methadone dosage and its plasma metabolite concentrations in a MMT cohort from Taiwan.


METHODS
A total of 366 MMT patients were recruited. The levels of plasma hepatitis B virus (HBV), HCV, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies (Ab), liver aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), as well as methadone and its metabolite 2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine (EDDP) were measured along with the urine morphine concentration and amphetamine screening.


RESULTS
Of the 352 subjects in our cohort with HCV test records, 95% were found to be positive for plasma anti-HCV antibody. The liver functional parameters of AST (Wilcoxon Rank-Sum test, P = 0.02) and ALT (Wilcoxon Rank-Sum test, P = 0.04), the plasma methadone concentrations (Wilcoxon Rank-Sum test, P = 0.043) and the R-enantiomer of methadone concentrations (Wilcoxon Rank-Sum test, P = 0.032) were significantly higher in the HCV antibody-positive subjects than in the HCV antibody-negative patients, but not the S-EDDP/methadone dose ratio. The HCV levels correlated with the methadone dose (β= 14.65 and 14.13; P = 0.029 and 0.03) and the S-EDDP/methadone dose ratio (β= -0.41 and -0.40; P = 0.00084 and 0.002) in both univariate and multivariate regression analyses.


CONCLUSIONS
We conclude that HCV may influence the methadone dose and plasma S-EDDP/methadone dose ratio in MMT patients in this preliminary study.
Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
Shiow-Ling
SL
Wu
Sheng-Chang
SC
Wang
Hsiao-Hui
HH
Tsou
Hsiang-Wei
HW
Kuo
Ing-Kang
IK
Ho
Sheng-Wen
SW
Liu
Ya-Ting
YT
Hsu
Yao-Sheng
YS
Chang
Yu-Li
YL
Liu
D000328:Adult; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases / Q000378:metabolism; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D065702:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B6; D003710:Demography; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D018937:Hepatitis C Antibodies / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008691:Methadone / Q000097:blood*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011759:Pyrrolidines / Q000097:blood; D012044:Regression Analysis
D018937:Hepatitis C Antibodies; D011759:Pyrrolidines; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; C585599:CYP2B6 protein, human; D065702:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B6; D008691:Methadone; C010724:2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine