A review on renal toxicity profile of common abusive drugs.
Drug abuse has become a major social problem of the modern world and majority of these abusive drugs or their metabolites are excreted through the kidneys and, thus, the renal complications of these drugs are very common. Morphine, heroin, cocaine, nicotine and alcohol are the most commonly abused drugs, and their use is associated with various types of renal toxicity. The renal complications include a wide range of glomerular, interstitial and vascular diseases leading to acute or chronic renal failure. The present review discusses the renal toxicity profile and possible mechanisms of commonly abused drugs including morphine, heroin, cocaine, nicotine, caffeine and alcohol.
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala-147002, India.
Varun Parkash
VP
Singh
Nirmal
N
Singh
Amteshwar Singh
AS
Jaggi
Caffeine; Cocaine; Heroin; Morphine; Renal failure