Prophylactic digital cryotherapy is associated with decreased incidence of laminitis in horses diagnosed with colitis.
BACKGROUND
Recent research suggested that prophylactic digital cryotherapy (ICE) improved lameness scores, diminished histological changes and early laminar inflammatory signalling in horses following oligofructose administration. In clinical practice, horses at risk for sepsis-associated laminitis receive ICE. Evidence to support this practice is lacking.


OBJECTIVE
To determine factors associated with development of laminitis in horses diagnosed with colitis, including ICE.


METHODS
Multicentre retrospective case series.


METHODS
Medical records for horses admitted to 2 university hospitals diagnosed with colitis with evidence of systemic inflammatory response from 2002 to 2012 were reviewed. Horses were excluded if they exhibited signs of laminitis at admission, were ponies, miniature or draught breeds, or <2 years old. Data were analysed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression.


RESULTS
Twenty-seven of 130 horses (21%) developed laminitis. Seven of 69 (10%) horses treated with ICE developed laminitis compared with 20/61 (33%) horses that developed laminitis but did not receive ICE. Factors associated with laminitis included site of hospitalisation, admission respiratory rate (↑) and blood L-lactate (↑), and ICE (↓), P<0.05. Horses treated with ICE had 10 times less odds of developing laminitis compared with horses treated without ICE (odds ratio 0.11, 95% confidence limit 0.03-0.44). Sixteen horses (16/130, 12%) were subjected to euthanasia in hospital. Fourteen of these horses had laminitis and 2 did not develop laminitis. Survival for horses with colitis that developed laminitis was 13/27 (48%) compared with survival for horses with colitis that did not develop laminitis, 101/103 (98%).


CONCLUSIONS
Laminitis occurred in more clinically compromised horses. Use of ICE reduced the incidence of clinical laminitis in the study population suggesting that digital cryotherapy is an effective prophylactic strategy for the prevention of laminitis in horses with colitis.
Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, USA.
A
A
Kullmann
S J
SJ
Holcombe
S D
SD
Hurcombe
H A
HA
Roessner
J G
JG
Hauptman
R J
RJ
Geor
J
J
Belknap
D000818:Animals; D003092:Colitis / Q000150:complications / Q000662:veterinary*; D017679:Cryotherapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D005534:Foot Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D006724:Hoof and Claw / Q000473:pathology*; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006736:Horses; D007053:Ice; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies
D007053:Ice
colitis; cryotherapy; horse; inflammation; laminitis