Garcinia Cambogia attenuates diet-induced adiposity but exacerbates hepatic collagen accumulation and inflammation.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate long-term effects of Garcinia Cambogia (GC), weight-loss supplement, on adiposity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in obese mice.


METHODS
Obesity-prone C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD, 45 kcal% fat) with or without GC (1%, w/w) for 16 wk. The HFD contained 45 kcal% fat, 20 kcal% protein and 35 kcal% carbohydrate. They were given free access to food and distilled water, and food consumption and body weight were measured daily and weekly, respectively. Data were expressed as the mean ± SE. Statistical analyses were performed using the statistical package for the social science software program. Student's t test was used to assess the differences between the groups. Statistical significance was considered at P < 0.05.


RESULTS
There were no significant changes in body weight and food intake between the groups. However, the supplementation of GC significantly lowered visceral fat accumulation and adipocyte size via inhibition of fatty acid synthase activity and its mRNA expression in visceral adipose tissue, along with enhanced enzymatic activity and gene expression involved in adipose fatty acid β-oxidation. Moreover, GC supplementation resulted in significant reductions in glucose intolerance and the plasma resistin level in the HFD-fed mice. However, we first demonstrated that it increased hepatic collagen accumulation, lipid peroxidation and mRNA levels of genes related to oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) and inflammatory responses (tumor necrosis factor-α and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1) as well as plasma alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase levels, although HFD-induced hepatic steatosis was not altered.


CONCLUSIONS
GC protects against HFD-induced obesity by modulating adipose fatty acid synthesis and β-oxidation but induces hepatic fibrosis, inflammation and oxidative stress.
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, South Korea.
Young-Je
YJ
Kim
Myung-Sook
MS
Choi
Yong Bok
YB
Park
Sang Ryong
SR
Kim
Mi-Kyung
MK
Lee
Un Ju
UJ
Jung
D050154:Adiposity / Q000187:drug effects*; D000818:Animals; D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D054890:Fatty Acid Synthase, Type I / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D029761:Garcinia cambogia; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008106:Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008820:Mice, Obese; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000633:toxicity*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D052243:Resistin / Q000097:blood; D013997:Time Factors
D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents; D001786:Blood Glucose; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D007328:Insulin; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D052243:Resistin; C499623:Retn protein, mouse; D003094:Collagen; D054890:Fatty Acid Synthase, Type I
Anti-adiposity; Garcinia Cambogia; Hepatic collagen accumulation; Hepatic inflammation; Hepatic oxidative stress; Metabolic changes