Fatty acid composition, physicochemical properties, antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of apple seed oil obtained from apple pomace.
BACKGROUND
Apple pomace is generated in huge quantities in juice-processing industries the world over and continuous efforts are being made for its inclusive utilization. In this study, apple seeds separated from industrial pomace were used for extraction of oil. The fatty acid composition, physicochemical and antioxidant as well as in vitro anticancer properties of extracted oil were studied to assess its suitability in food and therapeutic applications.


RESULTS
The fatty acid composition of seed oil revealed the dominance of oleic (46.50%) and linoleic acid (43.81%). It had high iodine (121.8 g I 100 g⁻¹) and saponification value (184.91 mg KOH g⁻¹ oil). The acid value, refractive index and relative density were 4.28 mg KOH g⁻¹, 1.47 and 0.97 mg mL⁻¹, respectively. The antioxidant potential (IC₅₀) of apple seed oil was 40.06 µg mL⁻¹. Cytotoxicity of apple seed oil against CHOK1, SiHa and A549 cancer cell lines ranged between 0.5 ± 0.06% and 88.6 ± 0.3%.


CONCLUSIONS
The physicochemical properties of apple seed oil were comparable with edible food oil, indicating its better stability and broad application in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Apple seed oil could be a good source of natural antioxidants. Also, the in vitro cytotoxic activity against specific cell lines exhibited its potential as an anticancer agent.
Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India; Natural Plant Products Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India.
Mayanka
M
Walia
Kiran
K
Rawat
Shashi
S
Bhushan
Yogendra S
YS
Padwad
Bikram
B
Singh
D000818:Animals; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D016466:CHO Cells; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D003412:Cricetulus; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis* / Q000191:economics; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis / Q000191:economics; D005520:Food Preservatives / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D005525:Food-Processing Industry / Q000191:economics; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry / Q000191:economics; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis* / Q000191:economics; D019787:Linoleic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis / Q000191:economics; D027845:Malus / Q000737:chemistry*; D019301:Oleic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis / Q000191:economics; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry / Q000191:economics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*
D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D000975:Antioxidants; D005227:Fatty Acids; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D005520:Food Preservatives; D007220:Industrial Waste; D010938:Plant Oils; D019301:Oleic Acid; D019787:Linoleic Acid
apple seed oil; cytotoxicity; linoleic acid; oleic acid; palmitic acid; physiochemical properties