Novel molecular and nanosensors for in vivo sensing.
In vivo sensors are an emerging field with the potential to revolutionize our understanding of basic biology and our treatment of disease. In this review, we highlight recent advances in the fields of in vivo electrochemical, optical, and magnetic resonance biosensors with a focus on recent developments that have been validated in rodent models or human subjects. In addition, we discuss major challenges in the development and translation of in vivo biosensors and present potential solutions to these problems. The field of nanotechnology, in particular, has recently been instrumental in driving the field of in vivo sensors forward. We conclude with a discussion of emerging paradigms and techniques for the development of future biosensors.
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center and Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine. 845 Health Sciences Road, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
Mark A
MA
Eckert
Priscilla Q
PQ
Vu
Kaixiang
K
Zhang
Dongku
D
Kang
M Monsur
MM
Ali
Chenjie
C
Xu
Weian
W
Zhao
D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D006801:Humans; D053758:Nanoparticles; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D018570:Risk Assessment
biosensors; diagnostics; in vivo imaging; in vivo sensing; molecular probes; nanoparticles