Memory retrieval before or after extinction reduces recovery of fear in adolescent rats.
Adolescent rats exhibit impaired extinction retention compared to pre-adolescent and adult rats. A single nonreinforced exposure to the conditioned stimulus (CS; a retrieval trial) given shortly before extinction has been shown in some circumstances to reduce the recovery of fear after extinction in adult animals. This study investigated whether a retrieval-extinction procedure would reduce the recovery of extinguished fear in adolescent rats. Furthermore, the effect of the retrieval-extinction sequence on fear recovery was examined by presenting the retrieval trial following extinction to some animals. In Experiment 1 adolescent rats received one nonreinforced CS presentation (a retrieval trial) or equivalent context exposure (no retrieval) 10 min before fear extinction. A retrieval trial shortly before extinction reduced overall levels of fear in both test contexts (i.e., it improved extinction retention and reduced renewal). In Experiment 2 a weakening of renewal was observed with a retrieval-extinction manipulation, regardless of whether the retrieval trial occurred in the training or extinction context. A key result was that a retrieval trial 10 min, but not 6 h, after extinction led to reduced overall levels of fear similar to that observed if the retrieval trial was given before extinction (Experiments 3 and 4), inconsistent with the current interpretation of the reduction in relapse being due to a disruption of reconsolidation. Together, these findings show that the impaired extinction retention observed in adolescents can be ameliorated by a very simple behavioral manipulation, but also raise some questions about the mechanisms underlying the retrieval-extinction effect.
School of Psychology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia. k.baker@unsw.edu.au
Kathryn D
KD
Baker
Gavan P
GP
McNally
Rick
R
Richardson
D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D000818:Animals; D005108:Extinction, Psychological; D005239:Fear; D006801:Humans; D011939:Mental Recall; D023421:Models, Animal; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley