Cytotoxicity and inhibition of intercellular interaction in N2a neurospheroids by perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid.
Effects of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) on the neuronal lineage marker expression, cell-cell interaction, caspase-3 mRNA transcription and reactive oxygen species production by N2a neuronal cells were assesses in 3-dimensional (3D) spheroid cultures, and the cytotoxicity were thoroughly compared with those of a conventional 2D monolayer-based toxicity assay. Increasing concentrations of PFOA or PFOS resulted in an increase in cell death. The half maximal inhibitory concentrations measured with spheroids were approximately one and a half times greater than the respective values for monolayer cells. Necrosis was prevalent in spheroids regardless of the dose, whereas the major injury mechanism in monolayers was dependent on compound concentration. Both PFOA and PFOS inhibited neuronal, astrocyte and oligodendrocyte marker gene expression by monolayers and spheroids grown under undifferentiated and all-trans-retinoic acid-induced differentiating conditions. In the presence of PFOA or PFOS, expression levels of E-cadherin and connexin-43 mRNAs were significantly downregulated, and spheroids were dissociated into single cell populations, indicating that the compounds affect the synthesis of E-cadherin and connexin-43 at the transcriptional level. Results from 3D cultures may provide an insight into potential inhibitory mode of action on gap junctional intercellular communication.
Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cellular Engineering, Division of NanoBio Technology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 711-873, South Korea.
Seong-Kyoon
SK
Choi
Jung-Hee
JH
Kim
Jin-Kyu
JK
Park
Kyeong-Min
KM
Lee
Eunjoo
E
Kim
Won Bae
WB
Jeon
D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D015820:Cadherins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002210:Caprylates / Q000633:toxicity*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D019070:Cell Lineage / Q000187:drug effects*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D018031:Connexin 43 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000378:metabolism; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000633:toxicity*; D017629:Gap Junctions / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D051379:Mice; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D018874:Spheroids, Cellular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000009:adverse effects
D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids; D015820:Cadherins; D002210:Caprylates; D018031:Connexin 43; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014212:Tretinoin; C023036:perfluorooctanoic acid; C076994:perfluorooctane sulfonic acid; C505409:Casp3 protein, mouse; D053148:Caspase 3
Caspase; Differentiation markers; Intercellular communication; Neurospheroids; Perfluorinated compounds; Reactive oxygen species