Cell-mediated immune responses in the head-associated lymphoid tissues induced to a live attenuated avian coronavirus vaccine.
Humoral immunity is important for controlling viral diseases of poultry, but recent studies have indicated that cytotoxic T cells also play an important role in the immune response to infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). To better understand the cell mediated immune responses to IBV in the mucosal and systemic immune compartments chickens were ocularly vaccinated with IBV. This induced a lymphocyte expansion in head-associated lymphoid tissues (HALT) and to a lesser extent in the spleen, followed by a rapid decline, probably due to homing of lymphocytes out of these organs and contraction of the lymphocyte population. This interpretation was supported by observations that changes in mononuclear cells were mirrored by that in CD3(+)CD44(+) T cell abundance, which presumably represent T effector cells. Increased interferon gamma (IFN-γ) expression was observed in the mucosal immune compartment, i.e., HALT, after primary vaccination, but shifted to the systemic immune compartment after boosting. In contrast, the expression of cytotoxicity-associated genes, i.e., granzyme A (GZMA) and perforin mRNA, remained associated with the HALT after boosting. Thus, an Ark-type IBV ocular vaccine induces a central memory IFN-γ response in the spleen while the cytotoxic effector memory response, as measured by GZMA and perforin mRNA expression, remains associated with CALT after boosting.
Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
Rucha S
RS
Gurjar
Stephen L
SL
Gulley
Frederik W
FW
van Ginkel
D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D056724:Immunity, Humoral / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D001351:Infectious bronchitis virus / Q000276:immunology*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D008221:Lymphoid Tissue / Q000276:immunology*; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D063268:Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D013154:Spleen / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D014611:Vaccination / Q000379:methods; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000276:immunology; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000276:immunology* / Q000494:pharmacology*
D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D063268:Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 3; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D014765:Viral Vaccines; D007371:Interferon-gamma
Avian coronavirus; CALT; CTL; Cell-mediated immunity; DPV; EID(50); GZMA; HALT; HG; Head-associated lymphoid tissue; IBV; IFN-γ; Infectious bronchitis virus; Memory response; Mucosal immunity; T(CM); T(EM); central memory T cells; conjunctiva-associated lymphoid tissue; cytotoxic T lymphocyte; days post vaccination; effector memory T cells; granzyme A; harderian gland; head-associated lymphoid tissues; infectious bronchitis virus; interferon gamma; median embryo infectious dose