Evaluation of the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and apoptotic induction of an aqueous extract of Achyrocline satureioides (Lam.) DC.
Achyrocline satureioides is widely consumed as infusion or aperitif and shows important therapeutic properties. Previously, we reported absence of genotoxicity of cold aqueous extract (CAE) of A. satureioides by Allium test. However, one test cannot predict the genotoxic effects of a substance. Thus, the aim of this work was to investigate cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and apoptotic ability of CAE of A. satureioides. In addition, CAE was chemically characterized. The cytotoxicity was evaluated by Trypan blue and MTT assays. The apoptotic capacity was evaluated by Hoechst staining and DNA fragmentation-analysis. The genotoxicity was studied by comet assay (CA) and micronucleus test. The identification and quantification of flavonoids were performed by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. The cytotoxicity studies indicated low toxicity of CAE. In addition, CAE did not induce apoptotic effects on human PBMCs. CAE did not show genotoxicity in vitro against Vero cells, at 10-50 μg/mL. CAE did not induce in vivo genotoxic effects, but it showed at high concentrations cytotoxicity by micronucleus assay. CAE presented flavonoids such as quercetin, 3-O-methylquercetin and luteolin. In conclusion, A. satureioides at popularly concentrations used, in aperitif or infusion, can be consumed safely because did not show any cytotoxic or genotoxic effects.
Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta 36 Km 601, Río Cuarto, CP 5800 Córdoba, Argentina. Electronic address: csabini@exa.unrc.edu.ar.
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Sabini
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Cariddi
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Escobar
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Mañas
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Comini
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Reinoso
S B
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Sutil
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Acosta
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Núñez Montoya
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Contigiani
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Zanon
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Sabini
D036921:Achyrocline / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D020552:Comet Assay; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects*; D053938:DNA Fragmentation; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects; D047311:Luteolin / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011794:Quercetin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014709:Vero Cells
D010936:Plant Extracts; C047368:3-methylquercetin; D011794:Quercetin; D047311:Luteolin
3,(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide; Achyrocline satureioides (Lam.) DC; Apoptosis; Asteraceae; CA; CAE; Cold aqueous extract; Cytotoxicity; FCS; Genotoxicity; ME; MN; MNPCE; MTT; NCE; PBMCs; PCE; cold aqueous exctract; comet assay; fetal calf serum; mercaptoethanol; micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes; micronucleus; normochromatic erythrocytes; peripheral blood mononuclear cells; polychromatic erythrocytes