Novel biomarkers in severe community-acquired pneumonia.
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is the most common infectious disease requiring admission to intensive care units (ICUs), and achieving an early and precise diagnosis of CAP remains a challenge. Biomarkers play an important role in improving clinical judgment in the emergency room and are adjuvant in evaluating treatment responses. Novel biomarkers, such as cortisol, pro-adrenomedullin and endothelin-1, have been shown to be associated with disease severity and short-term outcomes. This review article focuses on the clinical use of novel biomarkers, severity prediction and treatment monitoring as well as future directions of the field.
Lígia Sarmet Cunha Farah
LS
Rabello
Melissa Tassano
MT
Pitrowsky
Márcio
M
Soares
Pedro
P
Póvoa
Jorge Ibrain Figueira
JI
Salluh