Using genetically informed, randomized prevention trials to test etiological hypotheses about child and adolescent drug use and psychopathology.
In this essay, we describe a new era of public health research in which prevention science principles are combined with genomic science to produce gene × intervention (G × I) research. We note the roles of behavioral and molecular genetics in risk and protective mechanisms for drug use and psychopathology among children and adolescents, and the results of first-generation genetically informed prevention trials are reviewed. We also consider the need for second-generation research that focuses on G × I effects on mediators or intermediate processes. This research can be used to further understanding of etiological processes, to identify individual differences in children's and adolescents' responses to risk, and to increase the precision of prevention programs. We note the caveats about using genetic data to select intervention participants.
Gene H. Brody and Steven R. H. Beach are with the Center for Family Research, University of Georgia, Athens. Karl G. Hill is with the School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle. George W. Howe is with the Department of Psychology, George Washington University, Washington, DC. Guillermo Prado is with the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami, Miami, FL. Stephanie M. Fullerton is with the Department of Bioethics and Humanities, University of Washington.
Gene H
GH
Brody
Steven R H
SR
Beach
Karl G
KG
Hill
George W
GW
Howe
Guillermo
G
Prado
Stephanie M
SM
Fullerton
D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D059647:Gene-Environment Interaction; D005824:Genetics, Behavioral; D006801:Humans; D008967:Molecular Biology; D011599:Psychopathology; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012107:Research Design; D012307:Risk Factors; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control