Fatal connections--socioeconomic determinants of road accident risk and drunk driving in Sweden.
OBJECTIVE
In recent years a considerable number of papers have examined socioeconomic factors influencing the number and the outcome of traffic accidents. There is however more research needed to confirm the previous results in order to generalize them and a need to examine additional factors that might have an impact.


METHODS
This paper uses both regional panel data and national time series data combined with filtering techniques to determine what factors influence the number of accidents, the accident outcome and detected drunk driving.


RESULTS
Using time series data, it is found that the number of traffic fatalities increases for both per capita and per person kilometer travelled during economic booms. This indicates that the death risk rises not only because of increased mileage or motorization during booms. Using panel data, it is found that traffic fatalities decrease with unemployment, whereas personal injuries increase on a per capita basis with youth and the number of cars. In contrast to property crimes and other types of crime, drunk driving in Sweden decreases during economic contractions.


CONCLUSIONS
The main policy conclusion from our results is that resources for safety measures should not be spend uniformly across time and space. Instead, safety measures should be concentrated to areas with a high share of young people and to periods with low unemployment. The results of the time series analysis suggest that factors other than increased mileage during booms contribute to the higher rate of fatalities during good times. Increased risk taking, such as drunk driving, might be an explanatory factor.


CONCLUSIONS
The results might be interesting for safety-oriented car and truck producers as well for developers of traffic safety products, since the results indicate in what regional markets and under what market conditions their products are most needed.
Centre of Transport Studies, Stockholm, Sweden. niclas.kruger@vti.se
Niclas A
NA
Krüger
D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000401:mortality* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001336:Automobiles / Q000145:classification / Q000592:standards; D059066:Gross Domestic Product; D006801:Humans; D007221:Industry; D015233:Models, Statistical; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012449:Safety / Q000592:standards*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D013997:Time Factors; D014195:Travel / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends; D014478:Unemployment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology
Business cycle; Drunk driving; I18; R41; Traffic accidents