Api5 contributes to E2F1 control of the G1/S cell cycle phase transition.
BACKGROUND
The E2f transcription factor family has a pivotal role in controlling the cell fate in general, and in particular cancer development, by regulating the expression of several genes required for S phase entry and progression through the cell cycle. It has become clear that the transcriptional activation of at least one member of the family, E2F1, can also induce apoptosis. An appropriate balance of positive and negative regulators appears to be necessary to modulate E2F1 transcriptional activity, and thus cell fate.


RESULTS
In this report, we show that Api5, already known as a regulator of E2F1 induced-apoptosis, is required for the E2F1 transcriptional activation of G1/S transition genes, and consequently, for cell cycle progression and cell proliferation. Api5 appears to be a cell cycle regulated protein. Removal of Api5 reduces cyclin E, cyclin A, cyclin D1 and Cdk2 levels, causing G1 cell cycle arrest and cell cycle delay. Luciferase assays established that Api5 directly regulates the expression of several G1/S genes under E2F1 control. Using protein/protein and protein/DNA immunoprecipitation studies, we demonstrate that Api5, even if not physically interacting with E2F1, contributes positively to E2F1 transcriptional activity by increasing E2F1 binding to its target promoters, through an indirect mechanism.


CONCLUSIONS
The results described here support the pivotal role of cell cycle related proteins, that like E2F1, may act as tumor suppressors or as proto-oncogenes during cancer development, depending on the behavior of their positive and negative regulators. According to our findings, Api5 contributes to E2F1 transcriptional activation of cell cycle-associated genes by facilitating E2F1 recruitment onto its target promoters and thus E2F1 target gene transcription.
INSERM UMR 1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, Cancer Department, Toulouse, France.
Marina
M
Garcia-Jove Navarro
Céline
C
Basset
Tania
T
Arcondéguy
Christian
C
Touriol
Guillaume
G
Perez
Hervé
H
Prats
Eric
E
Lacazette
D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D050687:E2F1 Transcription Factor / Q000502:physiology*; D059585:G1 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints / Q000235:genetics*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011485:Protein Binding; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
C108386:API5 protein, human; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D050687:E2F1 Transcription Factor; C493753:E2F1 protein, human; D009687:Nuclear Proteins