Cardiac fibrosis in mice expressing an inducible myocardial-specific Cre driver.
Tamoxifen-inducible Cre-mediated manipulation of animal genomes has achieved wide acceptance over the last decade, with numerous important studies heavily relying on this technique. Recently, a number of groups have reported transient complications of using this protocol in the heart. In the present study we observed a previously unreported focal fibrosis and depressed left-ventricular function in tamoxifen-treated αMHC-MerCreMer-positive animals in a Tβ4shRNAflox × αMHC-MerCreMer cross at 6-7 weeks following standard tamoxifen treatment, regardless of the presence of the floxed transgene. The phenotype was reproduced by treating mice from the original αMHC-MerCreMer strain with tamoxifen. In the acute phase after tamoxifen treatment, cell infiltration into the myocardium was accompanied by increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, IFNγ, Ccl2) and markers of hypertrophy (ANF, BNP, Col3a1). These observations highlight the requirement for including tamoxifen-treated MerCreMer littermate controls to avert misinterpretation of conditional mutant phenotypes. A survey of the field as well as the protocols presented here suggests that controlling the parameters of tamoxifen delivery is important in avoiding the chronic MerCreMer-mediated cardiac phenotype reported here.
National Heart and Lung Institute, Heart Science Centre and Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK.
Jonas
J
Lexow
Tommaso
T
Poggioli
Padmini
P
Sarathchandra
Maria Paola
MP
Santini
Nadia
N
Rosenthal
D000818:Animals; D019426:Integrases / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D009206:Myocardium / Q000201:enzymology*
C045073:Cre recombinase; D019426:Integrases