Emerging new biomarkers of preeclampsia.
Preeclampsia continues to plague some of the most vulnerable women and fetuses. It is surprisingly prevalent in developing and developed nations. According to the World Health Organization, hypertension during pregnancy is a leading cause of maternal mortality in industrialized countries at 16% and up to 25% in developing countries. As the pathogenesis of this disease is being unraveled, we are afforded new opportunities to develop novel biomarkers for early identification and prevention of disease. The angiogenic markers including soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1, placental growth factor, and soluble endoglin have demonstrated to be the most promising, perhaps in conjunction with traditional markers such as plasma protein-13 and uterine artery Doppler studies. There is also increasing evidence that the podocyte is shed during the course of preeclampsia, which may be useful for diagnosis. Systems biology approaches to biomarker discovery such as proteomics and metabolomics are also gaining more attention and will most certainly open new avenues of research. In this review, we present the best studied biomarkers of preeclampsia to date.
Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx, NY, USA.
Srujana
S
Polsani
Elizabeth
E
Phipps
Belinda
B
Jim
D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D000071063:Endoglin; D005260:Female; D037161:Galectins / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D000072483:Placenta Growth Factor; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011247:Pregnancy; D011257:Pregnancy Proteins / Q000097:blood; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000097:blood; D014463:Ultrasonography; D055988:Uterine Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 / Q000097:blood
D015703:Antigens, CD; D015415:Biomarkers; C064206:ENG protein, human; D000071063:Endoglin; D037161:Galectins; C038195:LGALS13 protein, human; C000608036:PGF protein, human; D011257:Pregnancy Proteins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D000072483:Placenta Growth Factor; C501162:FLT1 protein, human; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1