A sophisticated multi-step secretion mechanism: how the type 3 secretion system is regulated.
Many Gram-negative pathogens utilize type 3 secretion systems (T3SSs) for a successful infection. The T3SS is a large macromolecular complex which spans both bacterial membranes and delivers effector proteins into the host cell. The infection requires spatiotemporal control of diverse sets of secreted effectors and various mechanisms have evolved to regulate T3SS in response to external stimuli. This review will describe mechanisms that may control type 3 secretion, revealing a multi-step regulatory strategy. We then propose an updated model of T3SS that illustrates different stages of secretion and integrates the most recent structural and functional data.
Max-Planck-Institute for Infection Biology, Cellular Microbiology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
Nicola
N
Barison
Rashmi
R
Gupta
Michael
M
Kolbe
D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D058947:Bacterial Secretion Systems; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D046911:Macromolecular Substances / Q000378:metabolism; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000378:metabolism
D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D058947:Bacterial Secretion Systems; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D037521:Virulence Factors