Toxic shock syndrome and persistent immune activation in an HIV-positive patient.
The case of an HIV-positive treatment-naive male with toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is presented herein. The course of TSS was favorable; however, the patient had extremely high plasma levels of MCP-1 and CD38 and HLA-DR expression on CD8+ T cells during the acute illness. Furthermore, the numbers of CD8+ T cells were reduced and CD4+ T cells remained stable during acute illness in comparison to baseline values. MCP-1 and HLA-DR gradually decreased, but they were still elevated after a month, whereas the number of circulating CD8+ T cells increased more than fivefold. CD38 expression remained stable during this period. A further decrease in CD38, HLA-DR and MCP-1 was noted five months after the initiation of antiretroviral therapy.
Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Na Bulovce Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic. michal.holub@lf1.cuni.cz.
Michal
M
Holub
Simona
S
Arientová
David
D
Jilich
Alzbeta
A
Davidová
Ondrej
O
Beran
Hanus
H
Rozsypal
D000328:Adult; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; D018925:Chemokines / Q000097:blood; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000276:immunology*
D018925:Chemokines; D016207:Cytokines