Kinetics of sulforaphane in mice after consumption of sulforaphane-enriched broccoli sprout preparation.
METHODS
Sulforaphane (SF) is a natural isothiocyanate in broccoli sprouts with cancer chemopreventive activity. This study is aimed to use different methods to develop broccoli sprout preparations to compare their ability to deliver SF to the mice and to evaluate the kinetics and biodistribution of SF.


RESULTS
The SF-enriched sprout preparation generated by two-step procedure (quick-steaming followed by myrosinase treatment) contained the highest level of SF, which was 11 and 5 times higher than the freeze-dried fresh broccoli sprouts and the quick-steamed, freeze-dried broccoli sprouts, respectively. After oral administration of 2.5 mg/g body weight of the broccoli sprout preparations, SF was quickly absorbed and distributed throughout the tissues. The SF-rich preparation resulted in the highest exposure, with peak plasma SF concentration of 337 ng/mL, which is 6.0 times and 2.6 times higher compared to the other two preparations. A whole body physiologically based pharmacokinetic model (developed with ADAPT 5 software) suggests that distribution of SF is perfusion-limited in all organs.


CONCLUSIONS
This study provides a broccoli sprout preparation that can serve as a good source of SF, and the model can be utilized to guide the dose designed for the use of broccoli sprout preparation in chemoprevention.
Department of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Food Science and Technology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
Yanyan
Y
Li
Tao
T
Zhang
Xiaoqin
X
Li
Peng
P
Zou
Steven J
SJ
Schwartz
Duxin
D
Sun
D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D001937:Brassica; D005260:Female; D005527:Food, Fortified; D017879:Isothiocyanates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D013454:Sulfoxides; D014018:Tissue Distribution
D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D017879:Isothiocyanates; D013454:Sulfoxides; C016766:sulforaphane
Broccoli sprout; Cancer chemoprevention; Kinetics; Mouse; Sulforaphane