GM-CSF as a therapeutic target in inflammatory diseases.
GM-CSF is a well-known haemopoietic growth factor that is used in the clinic to correct neutropaenia, usually as a result of chemotherapy. GM-CSF also has many pro-inflammatory functions and recent data implicates GM-CSF as a key factor in Th17 driven autoimmune inflammatory conditions. In this review we summarize the findings that have led to the development of GM-CSF antagonists for the treatment of autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and discuss some results of recent clinical trials of these agents.
Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Rheumatology and Advanced Therapeutics, University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Annemarie
A
van Nieuwenhuijze
Marije
M
Koenders
Debbie
D
Roeleveld
Matthew A
MA
Sleeman
Wim
W
van den Berg
Ian P
IP
Wicks
D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D016187:Receptors, Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000276:immunology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; C521678:CSF2RA protein, human; D016187:Receptors, Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; C561644:mavrilimumab; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor
Autoimmune disease; Autoimmunity; Cytokines; GM-CSF; GM-CSF receptor; Inflammatory disease; Rheumatoid arthritis; T cells; Th17 pathway