Electrochemical immunosensors in breast and ovarian cancer.
During the last decades the incidence of cancer increased dramatically especially in developed countries. In spite of the fact that the immunochemical methods allowed the diagnosis in early stages, the biopsies are generally invasive methods that create discomfort to patients. The need for fast, sensitive, easy to use and noninvasive diagnosis tools is actually of great interest for many research groups all over the world. Immunosensors (ISs) are miniaturized measuring devices, which selectively detect their targets by means of antibodies (Abs) and provide concentration-dependent signals. Ab binding leads to a variation in electric charge, mass, heat or optical properties, which can be detected directly or indirectly by a variety of transducers. A great number of proteins could be considered as recognition element. In this review the attention was focused on main cancer biomarkers, currently used by immunological methods (immunohistochemistry, ELISA, flow cytometry, Western blot, immunofluorescence etc) and in the development of electrochemical immunoassays that could be used in cancer diagnosis, prognosis and therapy monitoring.
Cancer Gene Therapy Group, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Molecular Cancer Biology Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Finnish Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, 77030 TX, USA.
Iulia
I
Diaconu
Cecilia
C
Cristea
Veronica
V
Hârceagă
Giovanna
G
Marrazza
Ioana
I
Berindan-Neagoe
Robert
R
Săndulescu
D000906:Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D019313:BRCA1 Protein / Q000097:blood; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen / Q000097:blood; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000295:instrumentation*; D018396:Mucin-1 / Q000097:blood; D009077:Mucins / Q000097:blood; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000097:blood; D000081102:WAP Four-Disulfide Core Domain Protein 2
D000906:Antibodies; D019313:BRCA1 Protein; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen; D018396:Mucin-1; D009077:Mucins; D011506:Proteins; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D000081102:WAP Four-Disulfide Core Domain Protein 2; C492913:BRCA1 protein, human; C060192:MUC1 protein, human; C569698:WFDC2 protein, human; C508053:ERBB2 protein, human
Biomarkers; Breast and ovarian cancer; Electrochemical immunosensors