Simple life-history traits explain key effective population size ratios across diverse taxa.
Effective population size (Ne) controls both the rate of random genetic drift and the effectiveness of selection and migration, but it is difficult to estimate in nature. In particular, for species with overlapping generations, it is easier to estimate the effective number of breeders in one reproductive cycle (Nb) than Ne per generation. We empirically evaluated the relationship between life history and ratios of Ne, Nb and adult census size (N) using a recently developed model (agene) and published vital rates for 63 iteroparous animals and plants. Nb/Ne varied a surprising sixfold across species and, contrary to expectations, Nb was larger than Ne in over half the species. Up to two-thirds of the variance in Nb/Ne and up to half the variance in Ne/N was explained by just two life-history traits (age at maturity and adult lifespan) that have long interested both ecologists and evolutionary biologists. These results provide novel insights into, and demonstrate a close general linkage between, demographic and evolutionary processes across diverse taxa. For the first time, our results also make it possible to interpret rapidly accumulating estimates of Nb in the context of the rich body of evolutionary theory based on Ne per generation.
Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA 98112, USA. robin.waples@noaa.gov
Robin S
RS
Waples
Gordon
G
Luikart
James R
JR
Faulkner
David A
DA
Tallmon
D025041:Animal Migration; D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D040961:Genetic Drift; D015993:Life Tables; D008954:Models, Biological; D011156:Population Density; D012098:Reproduction; D012641:Selection, Genetic; D012741:Sexual Maturation; D013045:Species Specificity; D013997:Time Factors
adult lifespan; age at maturity; age structure; iteroparity; life history; overlapping generations