The influence of innate and adaptive immune responses on atherosclerosis.
Both the chronic development of atherosclerotic lesions and the acute changes in lesion phenotype that lead to clinical cardiovascular events are significantly influenced by the innate and adaptive immune responses to lipoprotein deposition and oxidation in the arterial wall. The rapid pace of discovery of mechanisms of immunologic recognition, effector functions, and regulation has significantly influenced the study of atherosclerosis, and our new knowledge is beginning to affect how we treat this ubiquitous disease. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of how innate and adaptive immunity contribute to atherosclerosis, as well as therapeutic opportunities that arise from this knowledge.
Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093; email: jwitztum@ucsd.edu.
Joseph L
JL
Witztum
Andrew H
AH
Lichtman
D056704:Adaptive Immunity / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000276:immunology; D001158:Arteries / Q000276:immunology; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D056724:Immunity, Humoral / Q000276:immunology; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods; D058847:Inflammasomes / Q000276:immunology; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D051116:Receptors, Scavenger / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000276:immunology
D058847:Inflammasomes; D008074:Lipoproteins; D051116:Receptors, Scavenger; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors