Discovery of β-1,4-D-mannosyl-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine phosphorylase involved in the metabolism of N-glycans.
A gene cluster involved in N-glycan metabolism was identified in the genome of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron VPI-5482. This gene cluster encodes a major facilitator superfamily transporter, a starch utilization system-like transporter consisting of a TonB-dependent oligosaccharide transporter and an outer membrane lipoprotein, four glycoside hydrolases (α-mannosidase, β-N-acetylhexosaminidase, exo-α-sialidase, and endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase), and a phosphorylase (BT1033) with unknown function. It was demonstrated that BT1033 catalyzed the reversible phosphorolysis of β-1,4-D-mannosyl-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine in a typical sequential Bi Bi mechanism. These results indicate that BT1033 plays a crucial role as a key enzyme in the N-glycan catabolism where β-1,4-D-mannosyl-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine is liberated from N-glycans by sequential glycoside hydrolase-catalyzed reactions, transported into the cell, and intracellularly converted into α-D-mannose 1-phosphate and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. In addition, intestinal anaerobic bacteria such as Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides helcogenes, Bacteroides salanitronis, Bacteroides vulgatus, Prevotella denticola, Prevotella dentalis, Prevotella melaninogenica, Parabacteroides distasonis, and Alistipes finegoldii were also suggested to possess the similar metabolic pathway for N-glycans. A notable feature of the new metabolic pathway for N-glycans is the more efficient use of ATP-stored energy, in comparison with the conventional pathway where β-mannosidase and ATP-dependent hexokinase participate, because it is possible to directly phosphorylate the D-mannose residue of β-1,4-D-mannosyl-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine to enter glycolysis. This is the first report of a metabolic pathway for N-glycans that includes a phosphorylase. We propose 4-O-β-D-mannopyranosyl-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine:phosphate α-D-mannosyltransferase as the systematic name and β-1,4-D-mannosyl-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine phosphorylase as the short name for BT1033.
Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan.
Takanori
T
Nihira
Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan.
Erika
E
Suzuki
National Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan.
Motomitsu
M
Kitaoka
National Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan.
Mamoru
M
Nishimoto
Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan.
Ken'ichi
K
Ohtsubo
Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan. Electronic address: nakai@agr.niigata-u.ac.jp.
Hiroyuki
H
Nakai
D000117:Acetylglucosamine / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001439:Bacteroides / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D001693:Biological Transport, Active / Q000502:physiology; D005936:Glucans / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005810:Multigene Family / Q000502:physiology; D006005:Phosphorylases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D005936:Glucans; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D006005:Phosphorylases; D000117:Acetylglucosamine
Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron; Beta-1,4-D-Mannosyl-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine Phosphorylase; Carbohydrate Chemistry; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Enzyme Catalysis; Glycoside Hydrolase Family 130; Glycoside Hydrolases; N-Glycans; Phosphorylase