The components of self-rated health among adults in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
BACKGROUND
Although the relationship between self-rated health (SRH) and physical and mental health is well documented in developed countries, very few studies have analyzed this association in the developing world, particularly in Africa. In this study, we examine the associations of SRH with measures of physical and mental health (chronic diseases, functional limitations, and depression) among adults in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, and how these associations vary by sex, age, and education level.


METHODS
This study was based on 2195 individuals aged 15 years or older who participated in a cross-sectional interviewer-administered health survey conducted in 2010 in areas of the Ouagadougou Health and Demographic Surveillance System. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the associations of poor SRH with chronic diseases, functional limitations, and depression, first in the whole sample and then stratified by sex, age, and education level.


RESULTS
Poor SRH was strongly correlated with chronic diseases and functional limitations, but not with depression, suggesting that in this context, physical health probably makes up most of people's perceptions of their health status. The effect of functional limitations on poor SRH increased with age, probably because the ability to circumvent or compensate for a disability diminishes with age. The effect of functional limitations was also stronger among the least educated, probably because physical integrity is more important for people who depend on it for their livelihood. In contrast, the effect of chronic diseases appeared to decrease with age. No variation by sex was observed in the associations of SRH with chronic diseases, functional limitations, or depression.


CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that different subpopulations delineated by age and education level weight the components of health differently in their self-rated health in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. In-depth studies are needed to understand why and how these groups do so.
Département de démographie, Université de Montréal, 3150 rue Jean-Brillant, local C-5043, H3T 1N8 Montréal (Québec), Canada.
Yentéma
Y
Onadja
Département de démographie, Université de Montréal, 3150 rue Jean-Brillant, local C-5043, H3T 1N8 Montréal (Québec), Canada.
Simona
S
Bignami
Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Population (ISSP), Université de Ouagadougou, 03 BP 7118, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso ; Institut national d'études démographiques (INED), 133 Boulevard Davout, 75980 Paris Cédex 20, France.
Clémentine
C
Rossier
Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Université de Montréal, 1420 Mont-Royal, H2V 4P3 Montréal (Québec), Canada ; Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Université de Montréal, 3875 rue Saint Urbain, 5e étage, H2W 1V1 Montréal (Québec), Canada.
Maria-Victoria
MV
Zunzunegui
Adults; Burkina Faso; Chronic diseases; Depression; Functional limitations; Ouagadougou; Self-rated health