Peroxisomal metabolism and oxidative stress.
Peroxisomes are ubiquitous and multifunctional organelles that are primarily known for their role in cellular lipid metabolism. As many peroxisomal enzymes catalyze redox reactions as part of their normal function, these organelles are also increasingly recognized as potential regulators of oxidative stress-related signaling pathways. This in turn suggests that peroxisome dysfunction is not only associated with rare inborn errors of peroxisomal metabolism, but also with more common age-related diseases such as neurodegeneration, type 2 diabetes, and cancer. This review intends to provide a comprehensive picture of the complex role of mammalian peroxisomes in cellular redox metabolism. We highlight how peroxisomal metabolism may contribute to the bioavailability of important mediators of oxidative stress, with particular emphasis on reactive oxygen species. In addition, we review the biological properties of peroxisome-derived signaling messengers and discuss how these molecules may mediate various biological responses. Furthermore, we explore the emerging concepts that peroxisomes and mitochondria share an intricate redox-sensitive relationship and cooperate in cell fate decisions. This is particularly relevant to the observed demise of peroxisome function which accompanies cellular senescence, organismal aging, and age-related diseases.
Laboratory of Lipid Biochemistry and Protein Interactions, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, Box 601, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium. Electronic address: marcus.nordgren@med.kuleuven.be.
Marcus
M
Nordgren
Laboratory of Lipid Biochemistry and Protein Interactions, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, Box 601, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium. Electronic address: marc.fransen@med.kuleuven.be.
Marc
M
Fransen
D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D016922:Cellular Senescence; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D020675:Peroxisomes / Q000378:metabolism*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D015290:Second Messenger Systems / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction
D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species
Age-related diseases; Hydrogen peroxide; Lipid second messenger; Mitochondrial dysfunction; Peroxisome