Developmental language disorders: challenges and implications of cross-group comparisons.
Historically, specific language impairment (SLI) and language deficits associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have been viewed as distinct developmental language disorders. However, over the last decade or so, a considerable amount of research has explored general similarities or specific areas of overlap between children with SLI and ASD based on language and cognitive profiles, neuroimaging findings, and genetic research. The clinical classification schemes that are used to identify the children necessarily influence the extent to which SLI and ASD are viewed as overlapping or distinct conditions. Yet, the criteria used to diagnose these two populations vary across countries and even across investigators within a given country. This necessarily impacts the findings from comparative investigations of these groups. With these challenges in mind, clinical implications of evidence for similarities and distinctions between children with SLI and ASD will be discussed with respect to differential diagnosis and treatment.
Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders/Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisc., USA.
Susan
S
Ellis Weismer
D065711:Broca Area / Q000473:pathology; D002659:Child Development Disorders, Pervasive / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003071:Cognition; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D056324:Diffusion Tensor Imaging; D005192:Family Health; D006801:Humans; D038801:International Classification of Diseases; D007805:Language Development Disorders / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D007807:Language Tests; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000235:genetics; D009412:Nerve Fibers / Q000648:ultrastructure; D059906:Neuroimaging; D010641:Phenotype; D012107:Research Design; D009626:Terminology as Topic; D065813:Wernicke Area / Q000473:pathology