[Epidemiological and etiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease in Ningbo, Zhejiang province, 2008-2011].
OBJECTIVE
To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Ningbo.


METHODS
A descriptive analysis was conducted through the surveillance data of HFMD in Ningbo, Zhejiang province, from 2008 to 2011. Genes on EV71 and Cox A16 were amplified with RT-PCT from the stool samples of HFMD patients. Sequences were analyzed by bioinformatics software.


RESULTS
37 524 cases of HFMD were reported from 2008 to 2011, including 196 severe cases and 12 deaths. The reported incidence was 145.26 per 100 000 and the case fatality was 0.03%. Cases in children aged 5 or younger accounted for 95.89%, and the scattered cases accounted for 64.10%. Xiangshan and Ninghai counties had the highest incidence rates in Ningbo. The peak of incidence was from April to July. The number of male patients was obviously higher than females. 2394 cases of HFMD were laboratory confirmed and EV71 with the predominant epidemic strain. Data from phylogenetic analysis revealed that EV71 isolated from HFMD patients in Ningbo belonged to C4a evolution branch of C4 sub-genotype, with several transmission chains. Cox A16 belonged to B1 evolution branch. 53.48% of the healthy children in Ningbo showed EV71 antibody positive. The geometric mean of the antibody titer (GMT) was 11.23 (8.33 - 14.98) in healthy children. Cox A16 antibody was detected at 63.18% of the healthy children in Ningbo. GMT in healthy children was 12.61 (6.70 - 16.52).


CONCLUSIONS
HFMD was highly endemic in Ningbo, with children under 5 years old were at high-risk. The major etiologic agent was EV71 which belonged to C4a in the C4 sub-genotypes. Cox A16 belonged to the B1 evolution branch, which were in line with the predominant virus circulating in the mainland of China.
Ningbo Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo 315010, China. xugz@nbcdc.org.cn
Guo-Zhang
GZ
Xu
Hong-Xia
HX
Ni
Bo
B
Yi
Tian-Feng
TF
He
Hong-Jun
HJ
Dong
Ting
T
Fang
Wen-Zhen
WZ
Gu
Lie
L
Xie
D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003384:Coxsackievirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology; D004770:Enterovirus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005260:Female; D006232:Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male