Primary vitamin D target genes allow a categorization of possible benefits of vitamin D₃ supplementation.
Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with an increased risk of developing a number of diseases. Here we investigated samples from 71 pre-diabetic individuals of the VitDmet study, a 5-month high dose vitamin D3 intervention trial during Finnish winter, for their changes in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) concentrations and the expression of primary vitamin D target genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and adipose tissue. A negative correlation between serum concentrations of parathyroid hormone and 25(OH)D3 suggested an overall normal physiological vitamin D response among the participants. The genes CD14 and thrombomodulin (THBD) are up-regulated primary vitamin D targets and showed to be suitable gene expression markers for vitamin D signaling in both primary tissues. However, in a ranking of the samples concerning their expected response to vitamin D only the top half showed a positive correlation between the changes of CD14 or THBD mRNA and serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations. Interestingly, this categorization allows unmasking a negative correlation between changes in serum concentrations of 25(OH)D3 and the inflammation marker interleukin 6. We propose the genes CD14 and THBD as transcriptomic biomarkers, from which the effects of a vitamin D3 supplementation can be evaluated. These biomarkers allow the classification of subjects into those, who might benefit from a vitamin D3 supplementation, and others who do not.
School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland. carsten.carlberg@uef.fi
Carsten
C
Carlberg
Sabine
S
Seuter
Vanessa D F
VD
de Mello
Ursula
U
Schwab
Sari
S
Voutilainen
Kari
K
Pulkki
Tarja
T
Nurmi
Jyrki
J
Virtanen
Tomi-Pekka
TP
Tuomainen
Matti
M
Uusitupa
D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000368:Aged; D002762:Cholecalciferol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012621:Seasons; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D018180:Thrombomodulin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency
D015850:Interleukin-6; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; C546931:THBD protein, human; D018180:Thrombomodulin; D002762:Cholecalciferol