Endoplasmic reticulum stress in adipose tissue determines postprandial lipoprotein metabolism in metabolic syndrome patients.
METHODS
Our aim was to ascertain whether the quality and quantity of fat in the diet may influence the ER stress at the postprandial state in adipose tissue by analyzing the gene expression of chaperones, folding enzymes, and activators of the UPR.


RESULTS
A randomized, controlled trial conducted within the LIPGENE study assigned 39 MetS patients to one of four diets: high-SFA (HSFA; 38% energy (E) from fat, 16% E as SFA), high MUFA (HMUFA; 38% E from fat, 20% E as MUFA), and two low-fat, high-complex carbohydrate (LFHCC; 28% E from fat) diets supplemented with 1.24 g/day of long-chain n-3 PUFA or placebo for 12 wk each. A fat challenge reflecting the same fatty acid composition as the original diets was conducted post intervention. sXBP-1 is induced in the postprandial state irrespective of the diet consumed (p < 0.001). BiP increases postprandially after consumption of diets HMUFA (p = 0.006), LFHCC (p = 0.028), and LFHCC n-3 (p = 0.028). Postprandial mRNA expression levels of CRL, CNX, PDIA3, and GSTP1 in AT did not differ between the different types of diets.


CONCLUSIONS
Our results suggest that upregulation of the unfolded protein response at the postprandial state may represent an adaptive mechanism to counteract diet-induced stress.
Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.
Antonio
A
Camargo
Maria E
ME
Meneses
Oriol A
OA
Rangel-Zuñiga
Pablo
P
Perez-Martinez
Carmen
C
Marin
Javier
J
Delgado-Lista
Juan A
JA
Paniagua
Francisco J
FJ
Tinahones
Helen
H
Roche
Maria M
MM
Malagon
Francisco
F
Perez-Jimenez
Jose
J
Lopez-Miranda
D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000091342:Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP; D059865:Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi / Q000235:genetics; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D019518:Postprandial Period; D019704:Protein Disulfide-Isomerases / Q000235:genetics; D000071701:Regulatory Factor X Transcription Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics
D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D004041:Dietary Fats; D000091342:Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D008074:Lipoproteins; D000071701:Regulatory Factor X Transcription Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors; C496556:GSTP1 protein, human; D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi; D019704:Protein Disulfide-Isomerases; C085868:PDIA3 protein, human
Adipose tissue; Diet; Endoplasmic reticulum stress; Metabolic syndrome; Postprandial state