Kaempferol inhibits IL-1β-induced proliferation of rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts and the production of COX-2, PGE2 and MMPs.
Inflammatory cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 released from rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts (RASFs) are involved in the destruction of both articular bone and cartilage. Kaempferol has been reported to act as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent by inhibiting nitric oxide synthase and COX enzymes. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of kaempferol on the interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-induced proliferation of RASFs and the production of MMPs, COX and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) by RASFs. The proliferation of the RASFs stimulated with IL-1β and treated with/without kaempferol was evaluated by CCK-8 assay. The expression of MMPs, TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor-1 (TIMP-1), COXs, PGE2 and that of intracellular MAPK signaling molecules, including p-ERK, p-p38, p-JNK and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) was examined by immunoblotting or semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and ELISA under the conditions described above. Kaempferol inhibited the proliferation of both unstimulated and IL-1β‑stimulated RASFs, as well as the mRNA and protein expression of MMP-1, MMP-3, COX-2 and PGE2 induced by IL-1β. Kaempferol also inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK-1/2, p38 and JNK, as well as the activation of NF-κB induced by IL-1β. These results indicate that kaempferol inhibits synovial fibroblast proliferation, as well as the production of and MMPs, COX‑2 and PGE2, which is involved in articular inflammation and destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Our data suggest that kaempferol may be a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of RA.
Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561‑180, Republic of Korea.
Ha-Yong
HY
Yoon
Eun-Gyeong
EG
Lee
Hyun
H
Lee
In Jin
IJ
Cho
Yun Jung
YJ
Choi
Myung-Soon
MS
Sung
Han-Gyul
HG
Yoo
Wan-Hee
WH
Yoo
D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism*; D044949:Kaempferols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D012313:RNA / Q000235:genetics; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D044949:Kaempferols; D016328:NF-kappa B; C560822:TIMP1 protein, human; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D012313:RNA; C006552:kaempferol; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human; C511768:MMP3 protein, human; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3; C522360:MMP1 protein, human; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1; D015232:Dinoprostone