Bacterial toxins fuel disease progression in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.
In patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) bacterial infections constitute a major clinical problem caused by compromised skin barrier and a progressive immunodeficiency. Indeed, the majority of patients with advanced disease die from infections with bacteria, e.g., Staphylococcus aureus. Bacterial toxins such as staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE) have long been suspected to be involved in the pathogenesis in CTCL. Here, we review links between bacterial infections and CTCL with focus on earlier studies addressing a direct role of SE on malignant T cells and recent data indicating novel indirect mechanisms involving SE- and cytokine-driven cross-talk between malignant- and non-malignant T cells.
Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark.
Andreas
A
Willerslev-Olsen
Thorbjørn
T
Krejsgaard
Lise M
LM
Lindahl
Charlotte Menne
CM
Bonefeld
Mariusz A
MA
Wasik
Sergei B
SB
Koralov
Carsten
C
Geisler
Mogens
M
Kilian
Lars
L
Iversen
Anders
A
Woetmann
Niels
N
Odum
D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000633:toxicity*; D016207:Cytokines; D018450:Disease Progression; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000633:toxicity; D019674:Genes, T-Cell Receptor beta; D006801:Humans; D016410:Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D009017:Morbidity; D015995:Prevalence; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000378:metabolism; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000473:pathology
D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D016207:Cytokines; D004768:Enterotoxins