Neurogenetics and Nutrigenomics of Neuro-Nutrient Therapy for Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS): Clinical Ramifications as a Function of Molecular Neurobiological Mechanisms.
In accord with the new definition of addiction published by American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM) it is well-known that individuals who present to a treatment center involved in chemical dependency or other documented reward dependence behaviors have impaired brain reward circuitry. They have hypodopaminergic function due to genetic and/or environmental negative pressures upon the reward neuro-circuitry. This impairment leads to aberrant craving behavior and other behaviors such as Substance Use Disorder (SUD). Neurogenetic research in both animal and humans revealed that there is a well-defined cascade in the reward site of the brain that leads to normal dopamine release. This cascade has been termed the "Brain Reward Cascade" (BRC). Any impairment due to either genetics or environmental influences on this cascade will result in a reduced amount of dopamine release in the brain reward site. Manipulation of the BRC has been successfully achieved with neuro-nutrient therapy utilizing nutrigenomic principles. After over four decades of development, neuro-nutrient therapy has provided important clinical benefits when appropriately utilized. This is a review, with some illustrative case histories from a number of addiction professionals, of certain molecular neurobiological mechanisms which if ignored may lead to clinical complications.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, Fl, 100183, USA ; Department of Nutrigenomic, LifeGen, Inc. San Diego, CA, 92101, USA ; Department of Holistic Medicine, G&G Holistic Addiction Treatment Center, North Miami Beach, Fl, 33162, USA ; Center for Genomics and Applied Gene Technology, Institute of Integrative Omics and applied Biotechnology (IIOAB), Nonakuri, Purbe Medinpur, West Bengal, 721172, India ; Path Foundation NY, New York, 10001, New York USA ; Malibu Beach Recovery Center, Malibu Beach, California, 9026, USA ; Dominion Diagnostics, North Kingstown Rhode Island, 02852, USA ; Global Integrated Services Unit University of Vermont Center for Clinical & Translational Science, College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA.
Kenneth
K
Blum
Marlene
M
Oscar-Berman
Elizabeth
E
Stuller
David
D
Miller
John
J
Giordano
Siobhan
S
Morse
Lee
L
McCormick
William B
WB
Downs
Roger L
RL
Waite
Debmalya
D
Barh
Dennis
D
Neal
Eric R
ER
Braverman
Raquel
R
Lohmann
Joan
J
Borsten
Mary
M
Hauser
David
D
Han
Yijun
Y
Liu
Manya
M
Helman
Thomas
T
Simpatico
Brain reward circuitry; Dopamine; Neuro-nutrient therapy; Neuroadaptagen Amino-Acid Therapy™ (NAAT); Neurogenetics; Nutrigenomics; Reward Deficiency Syndrome(RDS); Reward Genes