Longitudinal determinants of left ventricular mass and geometry: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study.
BACKGROUND
The purpose of this study was to identify determinants of 20-year change in left ventricular (LV) mass (LVM) and LV geometry in black and white young adults in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study.


RESULTS
We studied 2426 black and white men and women (54.7% white) aged 43 to 55 years with cardiovascular risk factor data and echocardiograms from CARDIA year 5 and 25 examinations. In regression models, year 25 LVM or relative wall thickness was the dependent variable and with year 5 echo values, age, sex, race, body mass index, change in body mass index, mean arterial blood pressure, change in mean blood pressure, heart rate, change in heart rate, tobacco use, presence of diabetes mellitus, alcohol use, and physical activity score as independent variables. LVM and relative wall thickness increased, whereas prevalence of normal geometry declined from 84.2% to 69.7%. Significant determinants of year 25 LVM/m(2.7) were year 5 LVM, year 5 and change in body mass index, year 5 and change in mean arterial pressure, year 5 and change in heart rate, baseline diabetes mellitus, and year 5 tobacco and alcohol use (overall r(2)=0.40). Significant determinants of year 25 relative LV wall thickness were year 5 value, black race, change in body mass index, year 5 and change in mean arterial pressure, starting smoking, and year 5 diabetes mellitus (overall r(2)=0.11).


CONCLUSIONS
Prevalence of abnormal LV hypertrophy and geometry increased from young adulthood to middle age. Both young adult cardiovascular risk traits and change in these traits predicted change in LV mass/geometry.
Nemours Cardiac Center, A. I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE.
Samuel S
SS
Gidding
Kiang
K
Liu
Laura A
LA
Colangelo
Nakela L
NL
Cook
David C
DC
Goff
Stephen P
SP
Glasser
Julius M
JM
Gardin
Joao A C
JA
Lima
D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D000367:Age Factors; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000453:epidemiology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People
blood pressure; echocardiography; left ventricular mass; obesity; risk assessment