[NH3, N2O, CH4 and CO2 emissions from growing process of caged broilers].
To obtain Ammonia and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission factors of caged broilers, ammonia (NH3), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions of broilers aged 0 d to 42 days were monitored in caged broilers production systems located in Shandong province. Gas concentrations of incoming and exhaust air streams were measured by using INNOVA 1312 multi-gas monitor with multi-channel samplers. Building ventilation rates were determined by on site FANS (Fan Assessment Numeration System) measurement systems. The NH3 emission factors showed a trend of increase at the beginning and then decreased with the broiler ages. The NH3 emission rates were 8.5 to 342.1 mg x (d x bird)(-1) and the average daily emission rate was 137.9 mg x (d x bird)(-1) [48.6 g x (d x AU)(-1)] over the 42-d period. The GHGs emission rates were 19.5-351.9 mg x (d x bird)(-1) with an average of 154.5 mg x (d x bird)(-1) [54.4 g x (d x AU)(-1)] for CH4, and 2.2- 152.9 g x (d x bird)(-10 with an average of 65.9 g x (d x bird)(-1) [23.2 kg x (d x AU)(-1)] for CO2. No emission of N2O was observed. The CH4 and CO2 emission rates increased with the increase of broilers ages. The total NH3 emission over the 42 d growing period averaged (5.65 +/- 1.02) g x (bird x life cycle)(-1). The NH3 emission contribution in different growth phase to the total emission were 33.6% in growth phase 1 (0-17 day, GP1), 36.4% in GP2 (18-27 days), and 29.9% in GP3 (28-42 days), respectively. The NH3 emission in GP2 was significantly higher than emission in GP1 and GP3. CH4 and CO2 cumulative emission rates were (6.30 +/- 0.16) g x (bird(-1) x life cycle)(-1) and (2.68 +/- 0.18) kg x (bird x life cycle)(-1), respectively. The cumulative emission rates of CH4 and CO2 in GP3 were significantly higher than emission rates in GP2 and in GP1, accounting for 50% of total emissions. The results of this study could provide the data support for mitigation of gas emission from broilers production.
Key Laboratory of Energy Conservation and Waste Treatment of Agricultural Structure, Ministry of Agriculture; Animal Environment Facility Surveillance, Inspection and Testing Center (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China. zhongkaizhou@126.com
Zhong-Kai
ZK
Zhou
Zhi-Ping
ZP
Zhu
Hong-Min
HM
Dong
Yong-Xing
YX
Chen
Bin
B
Shang
D000383:Agriculture / Q000379:methods*; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D000641:Ammonia / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000032:analysis; D002645:Chickens / Q000254:growth & development*; D002681:China; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D008697:Methane / Q000032:analysis; D009609:Nitrous Oxide / Q000032:analysis; D014866:Waste Products / Q000032:analysis
D000393:Air Pollutants; D014866:Waste Products; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D000641:Ammonia; D009609:Nitrous Oxide; D008697:Methane