Oxidative stress and status of antioxidant enzymes in children with Kashin-Beck disease.
OBJECTIVE
To clarify whether there is oxidative stress in Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) and if cartilage damage from reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress mediate the chondral necrosis in articular cartilage of KBD.


METHODS
We recruited 64 KBD patients, 46 healthy children from severely affected KBD regions, 81 healthy children from a non-severely affected KBD endemic regions, and 91 healthy control children from a non-KBD region. Ten patients with KBD from the non-severely affected KBD regions were included in the experiment. The 2,3-DAN fluorescence technique was used to test selenium in the hair and blood. The biochemical techniques used to test the indicators of oxidative stress included thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels, and antioxidant enzyme activities in serum samples. Histochemical staining was used to detect proteoglycans in cartilage sections. The 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanisine (8-OHdG) were localized by immunohistochemistry.


RESULTS
The levels of TBARS in serum were significantly increased in KBD children. The levels of antioxidants in serum were significantly higher in both KBD and normal children from KBD regions than in the normal children from non-KBD regions. The percentage of chondrocytes staining for 4-HNE and 8-OHdG in KBD patients was significantly higher than in controls. Staining for 4-HNE and 8-OHdG in KBD patients was prominent in all zones of articular cartilage, especially in the necrotic chondrocytes of the deep zone.


CONCLUSIONS
KBD is an oxidative stress-related disease, and the oxidative stress in cartilage contributes to the pathology of cartilage damage in KBD.
Institute of Endemic Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, PR China.
W
W
Wang
S
S
Wei
M
M
Luo
B
B
Yu
J
J
Cao
Z
Z
Yang
Z
Z
Wang
M B
MB
Goldring
J
J
Chen
D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D000447:Aldehydes / Q000378:metabolism; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D003849:Deoxyguanosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006197:Hair / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D057767:Kashin-Beck Disease / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000378:metabolism; D012643:Selenium / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D013858:Thiobarbiturates / Q000097:blood
D000447:Aldehydes; D000975:Antioxidants; D011509:Proteoglycans; D013858:Thiobarbiturates; D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D003849:Deoxyguanosine; D012643:Selenium; C027576:4-hydroxy-2-nonenal; C029684:thiobarbituric acid
Antioxidant enzyme; Cartilage; Kashin–Beck disease; Oxidative stress; T-AOC; total antioxidant capacity