Effects of boric acid and 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate on necrotizing enterocolitis.
OBJECTIVE
The aim was to study the effects of boric acid (BA) and 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) on oxidative stress and inflammation in an experimental necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) rat model.


METHODS
Experimental NEC was induced in 40 newborn Sprague-Dawley rats by asphyxia and hypothermia applied in 3 consecutive days. Rats were subdivided into 4 subgroups as NEC, NEC+BA, NEC+2-APB, and controls. BA and 2-APB were applied daily before the procedure. Serum total antioxidant status, superoxide dismutase (SOD), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and erythrocyte glutathione (GSH) levels were measured. Pathological changes for NEC in intestinal architecture were evaluated by a grading system.


RESULTS
Pretreatment with BA and 2-APB resulted in a decrease in NEC incidence. In all of the NEC groups, decreased serum levels of GSH and SOD were measured. Boron limited GSH consumption but had no effect on SOD levels. Total antioxidant status levels were not statistically different among groups. In our experimental NEC model, BA, but not 2-APB, prevented the increase of TNF-α. Pretreatment with BA and 2-APB downregulated the activity levels of IL-6 in NEC.


CONCLUSIONS
In the experimental NEC model, BA and 2-APB partly prevent NEC formation, modulate the oxidative stress parameters, bring a significant decrease in GSH consumption, and enhance the antioxidant defense mechanism, but have no effect on total antioxidant status. BA inhibits the hypoxia and hypothermia-induced increase in both IL-6 and TNF-a, but 2-APB only in IL-6. Boron may be beneficial in preventing NEC.
*Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty †Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine ‡Department of Pharmachology §Department of Histology, Balıkesir University, Medical Faculty, Balıkesir ||Department of Pediatrics, Ministry of Health, Dr Behçet Uz Pediatric Hospital, İzmir, Turkey.
Selçuk
S
Yazıcı
Hasan
H
Akşit
Oğuzhan
O
Korkut
Bahar
B
Sunay
Tanju
T
Çelik
D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001888:Boric Acids / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001896:Boron Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015536:Down-Regulation; D020345:Enterocolitis, Necrotizing / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000097:blood; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D007422:Intestines / Q000187:drug effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000097:blood; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D001888:Boric Acids; D001896:Boron Compounds; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C109986:2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione; C032688:boric acid