n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio is involved in regulating lipid metabolism and inflammation in pigs.
The objective of the present study was to investigate the optimal dietary n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios that regulate lipid metabolism and inflammation in pigs. A total of ninety-six cross-bred (Large White × Landrace) growing-finishing pigs (73·8 (SEM 1·6) kg) were chosen and fed one of the four isoenergetic diets with n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios of 1:1, 2·5:1, 5:1 and 10:1. The growth performance of pigs fed the diet with an n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio of 5:1 was the best, but the group fed the diet with an n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio of 1:1 had the highest muscle mass and the lowest adipose tissue mass (P< 0·05). The concentrations of IL-6 and IL-1β of pigs fed the diet with an n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio of 1:1 were decreased compared with those of the other groups (P< 0·05). The concentration of adiponectin of pigs fed the diet with an n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio of 1:1 was also markedly decreased, but the concentration of leptin was increased compared with that of the groups fed the diets with n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios of 5:1 and 10:1 (P< 0·05). Additionally, the optimal dietary ratios of n-6:n-3 PUFA of 1:1 and 5:1 markedly suppressed the expression levels of lipid metabolism-related genes and proteins such as phosphoinositide-3-kinase-α, fatty acid transport protein-1 and PPARγ. They also significantly suppressed the expression levels of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6. The results indicated that the optimal n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios of 1:1 and 5:1 exerted beneficial effects on lipid metabolism and inflammatory system, leading to the availability of more energy and nutrients for high performance and homeostatic pathways.
Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 644 Yuanda Road, Furong District, Changsha Hunan 410125, People's Republic of China.
Yehui
Y
Duan
Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 644 Yuanda Road, Furong District, Changsha Hunan 410125, People's Republic of China.
Fengna
F
Li
Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 644 Yuanda Road, Furong District, Changsha Hunan 410125, People's Republic of China.
Lili
L
Li
College of Animal Sciences, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha Hunan 410128, People's Republic of China.
Juexin
J
Fan
Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 644 Yuanda Road, Furong District, Changsha Hunan 410125, People's Republic of China.
Xiaoming
X
Sun
Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 644 Yuanda Road, Furong District, Changsha Hunan 410125, People's Republic of China.
Yulong
Y
Yin
D054392:Adipokines / Q000819:agonists / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D050154:Adiposity; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002681:China; D003433:Crosses, Genetic; D016207:Cytokines / Q000819:agonists / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002149:Energy Intake; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6 / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008297:Male; D024510:Muscle Development; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D011897:Random Allocation; D050507:Subcutaneous Fat, Abdominal / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D034421:Sus scrofa; D015430:Weight Gain
D054392:Adipokines; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D016207:Cytokines; D004041:Dietary Fats; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents