Determination of the CCR5∆32 frequency in Emiratis and Tunisians and the screening of the CCR5 gene for novel alleles in Emiratis.
BACKGROUND
The chemokine receptor components play crucial roles in the immune system and some of them serve as co-receptors for the HIV virus. Several studies have documented that variants in chemokine receptors are correlated with susceptibility and resistance to infection with HIV virus. For example, mutations in the chemokine receptor 5 gene (CCR5) resulting in loss-of-function (such as the homozygous CCR5∆32) confer high degree of resistance to HIV infection. Heterozygotes for these variants exhibit slow progression to AIDS. The prevalence of CCR5 polymorphisms varies among ethnic and geographical groups. For example, the CCR5∆32 variant is present in 10-15% of north Europeans but is rarely encountered among Africans. This study aims to identify the prevalence of some CCR5 variants in two geographically distant Arab populations (namely Emiratis and Tunisians).


METHODS
The prevalence of CCR5 gene variants including CCR5∆32, FS299, C101X, A29S and C178R has been determined using PCR and direct DNA sequencing. A total of 403 unrelated healthy individuals (253 Emiratis and 150 Tunisians) were genotyped for the CCR5∆32 variant using PCR amplification and gel electrophoresis. In addition, 200 Emiratis have been screened for other SNPs using Sanger DNA sequencing.


RESULTS
Among Emiratis, the allele frequency of the CCR5∆32 variant has been found to be 0.002. In addition, two variants L55Q and A159 were found at a frequency of 0.002. Moreover, the prevalence of the CCR5∆32 variant in Tunisians was estimated to be 0.013 which is relatively higher than its frequency in Emiratis but lower than Europeans.


CONCLUSIONS
We conclude that the allele frequency of the most critical CCR5 polymorphism (∆32) is extremely low among Emiratis compared to other Arabs and North Europeans. In addition, very low allele frequencies of other CCR5 polymorphisms have been detected among Emiratis.
Department of Pathology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, United Arab Emirates. Electronic address: dr_al_jaberi@hotmail.com.
Sara A
SA
Al-Jaberi
Salma
S
Ben-Salem
Meriam
M
Messedi
Fatma
F
Ayadi
Lihadh
L
Al-Gazali
Bassam R
BR
Ali
D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000235:genetics; D000483:Alleles; D005006:Ethnicity; D017353:Gene Deletion; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006579:Heterozygote; D006720:Homozygote; D006801:Humans; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D044469:Racial Groups / Q000235:genetics*; D019713:Receptors, CCR5 / Q000235:genetics*; D014416:Tunisia; D014479:United Arab Emirates
D019713:Receptors, CCR5
A; Adenine; Arab populations; CC-chemokine receptor 5; CCR or CXCR; CCR5 polymorphisms; CCR5∆32; Chemokine receptors; DNA; Delta32 variant; Desoxyribonucleic acid; Emiratis; G; Guanine; PCR; Polymerase chain reaction; T; Thymine; UAE; United Arab Emirates