Evaluation of a dried blood and plasma collection device, SampleTanker(®), for HIV type 1 drug resistance genotyping in patients receiving antiretroviral therapy.
Whatman 903 filter paper is the only filter paper that has been used for HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) genotyping in resource-limited settings. In this study, we evaluated another dried blood specimen collection device, termed SampleTanker(®) (ST), for HIVDR genotyping. Blood specimens from 123 antiretroviral therapy (ART)-experienced patients were used to prepare ST whole blood and ST plasma specimens; they were then stored at ambient temperature for 2 or 4 weeks. The remaining plasma specimens were stored at -80°C and used as frozen plasma controls. Frozen plasma viral load (VL) was determined using the Roche Amplicor HIV-1 Monitor test, v.1.5 and 50 specimens with VL ≥3.00 log10 copies/ml were genotyped using the broadly sensitive genotyping assay. The medium VL for the 50 frozen plasma specimens with VL ≥3.00 log10 was 3.58 log10 copies/ml (IQR: 3.32-4.11) and 96.0% (48/50) of them were genotyped. Comparing to frozen plasma specimens, significantly lower genotyping rates were obtained from ST whole blood (48.98% and 42.85%) and ST plasma specimens (36.0% and 36.0%) stored at ambient temperature for 2 and 4 weeks, respectively (p<0.001). Nucleotide sequence identity and resistance profile analyses between the matched frozen plasma and ST whole blood or ST plasma specimens revealed high nucleotide sequence identities and concordant resistance profiles (98.1% and 99.0%, and 96.6% and 98.9%, respectively). Our results indicate that with the current design, the ST may not be the ideal dried blood specimen collection device for HIVDR monitoring for ART patients in resource-limited settings.
1 International Laboratory Branch, Division of Global HIV/AIDS, CGH, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia.
Karidia
K
Diallo
Erica
E
Lehotzky
Jing
J
Zhang
Zhiyong
Z
Zhou
Ivette Lorenzana
IL
de Rivera
Wendy E
WE
Murillo
John
J
Nkengasong
Jennifer
J
Sabatier
Guoqing
G
Zhang
Chunfu
C
Yang
D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D001483:Base Sequence; D001800:Blood Specimen Collection / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D059788:Dried Blood Spot Testing / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010949:Plasma / Q000821:virology; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013048:Specimen Handling; D019562:Viral Load