Molecular and physiological functions of sphingosine 1-phosphate transporters.
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a lipid mediator that plays important roles in diverse cellular functions such as cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. S1P is synthesized inside the cells and subsequently released to the extracellular space, where it binds to specific receptors that are located on the plasma membranes of target cells. Accumulating recent evidence suggests that S1P transporters including SPNS2 mediate S1P release from the cells and are involved in the physiological functions of S1P. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the mechanism and physiological functions of S1P transporters. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled New Frontiers in Sphingolipid Biology.
Department of Cell Membrane Biology, Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan. Electronic address: tnishi@sanken.osaka-u.ac.jp.
Tsuyoshi
T
Nishi
Department of Cell Membrane Biology, Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan.
Naoki
N
Kobayashi
Department of Cell Membrane Biology, Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan; Laboratory for Cardiovascular Molecular Dynamics, RIKEN Quantitative Biology Center (QBiC), Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan.
Yu
Y
Hisano
Laboratory for Cardiovascular Molecular Dynamics, RIKEN Quantitative Biology Center (QBiC), Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan.
Atsuo
A
Kawahara
Department of Cell Membrane Biology, Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
Akihito
A
Yamaguchi
D000818:Animals; D027321:Anion Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002468:Cell Physiological Phenomena; D006801:Humans; D008246:Lysophospholipids / Q000378:metabolism*; D013110:Sphingosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism
D027321:Anion Transport Proteins; D008246:Lysophospholipids; C060506:sphingosine 1-phosphate; D013110:Sphingosine
ABC transporter; Export; SPNS2; Sphingosine 1-phosphate; Transporter