Low-frequency (<100 kHz), low-intensity (<100 mW/cm(2)) ultrasound to treat venous ulcers: a human study and in vitro experiments.
The purpose of this study was to examine whether low frequency (<100 kHz), low intensity (<100 mW/cm(2), spatial peak temporal peak) ultrasound can be an effective treatment of venous stasis ulcers, which affect 500 000 patients annually costing over $1 billion per year. Twenty subjects were treated with either 20 or 100 kHz ultrasound for between 15 and 45 min per session for a maximum of four treatments. Healing was monitored by changes in wound area. Additionally, two in vitro studies were conducted using fibroblasts exposed to 20 kHz ultrasound to confirm the ultrasound's effects on proliferation and cellular metabolism. Subjects receiving 20 kHz ultrasound for 15 min showed statistically faster (p < 0.03) rate of wound closure. All five of these subjects fully healed by the fourth treatment session. The in vitro results indicated that 20 kHz ultrasound at 100 mW/cm(2) caused an average of 32% increased metabolism (p < 0.05) and 40% increased cell proliferation (p < 0.01) after 24 h when compared to the control, non-treated cells. Although statistically limited, this work supports the notion that low-intensity, low-frequency ultrasound is beneficial for treating venous ulcers.
School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. jas527@drexel.edu
Joshua A
JA
Samuels
Michael S
MS
Weingarten
David J
DJ
Margolis
Leonid
L
Zubkov
Youhan
Y
Sunny
Christopher R
CR
Bawiec
Dolores
D
Conover
Peter A
PA
Lewin
D016475:3T3 Cells; D000818:Animals; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D004867:Equipment Design; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D010865:Pilot Projects; D013997:Time Factors; D014159:Transducers; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014464:Ultrasonic Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D014647:Varicose Ulcer / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D014945:Wound Healing