A population based study of hospitalised seriously injured in a region of Northern Italy.
BACKGROUND
Injury is a public health problem in terms of mortality, morbidity and disability. The implementation of a regionalised trauma system has been proved to significantly reduce the social impact of severe trauma on population. A population-based registry may be useful to obtain reliable epidemiologic data.


OBJECTIVE
To perform an exhaustive analysis of severe trauma patients hospitalised in Lombardia, a region of northern Italy.


METHODS
The regional Hospital Discharge Registry (HDR) was used to retrieve data of all patients who suffered from serious injuries from 2008 to 2010. ICD9-CM codes of discharge diagnoses were analysed and patients coded from 800.0 to 939.9 or from 950.0 to 959.9 have been retrieved. Femur fractures in elderly and patients with length of hospital stay less than 2 days were excluded. Patients have been considered seriously injured if discharged dead or any of followings: admission or transit in ICU, need of mechanical ventilation, tracheotomy, invasive hemodynamic monitoring. Average reimbursement based on DRG has been evaluated.


METHODS
Student's t test, ANOVA for continuous data, chi-square test for categorical data were used, and a p value less than 0.05 was considered significant.


RESULTS
The severely injured patients hospitalised in Lombardia in three years were 11704, 391 per million per year. Overall mortality was 24.17% and increased with age. Males aging from 18 to 64 years had more occupational injuries, trauma on the road and violence by others. Females were more susceptible to domestic injuries and self inflicted violence, mostly in older ages. Acute mortality was higher after traffic accidents, while late mortality was increased in domestic trauma. Pediatric cases were unusual. A significant increase (+10.18%) in domestic trauma, with a concomitant decrease (-17.76%) in road-related accidents was observed in the three years study period. Reimbursement paid to hospitals for seriously injured was insufficient with regard to estimated costs of care.


CONCLUSIONS
Serious injury requiring hospitalisation in Lombardia is still an healthcare problem, with a trend toward a decrease of traffic accidents, increase in domestic trauma and involvement of older people. These results may help to plan a new regionalised Trauma System.
Trauma Team Dip. DEA-EAS, Ospedale Niguarda Ca'Granda, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore 3, Milan, 20162, Italy.
Osvaldo
O
Chiara
Universita' di Milano, Dip, Scienze cliniche Luigi Sacco, Milan, Italy.
Cristina
C
Mazzali
Quality Department, Ospedale Niguarda Ca'Granda Milan, Milan, Italy.
Sofia
S
Lelli
Trauma Team Dip. DEA-EAS, Ospedale Niguarda Ca'Granda, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore 3, Milan, 20162, Italy.
Anna
A
Mariani
Trauma Team Dip. DEA-EAS, Ospedale Niguarda Ca'Granda, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore 3, Milan, 20162, Italy.
Stefania
S
Cimbanassi
Epidemiology; Major trauma; Population-based study; Trauma registry; Trauma system