DNA methylation state of the galectin-3 gene represents a potential new marker of thyroid malignancy.
In order to supplement the cytopathological assessment of thyroid tumors, there is a need for new markers to correctly diagnose malignant thyroid lesions and avoid unnecessary and potentially harmful therapies for patients. The immunohistochemical expression of galectin-3 is currently considered to be the most accurate stand-alone marker for thyroid cancer diagnosis. The aim of this study was to establish whether the methylation state of the galectin-3 gene is a candidate molecular marker for thyroid malignancy. Thyroid specimens from 50 patients were analyzed, including 5 normal thyroid, 3 goiters, 39 papillary and 3 anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cases. High-resolution methylation analyses was performed to investigate the methylation state of a large genomic region (from -89 to +408) encompassing the galectin-3 transcriptional start site. Within this region, 5 CpG sites (nucleotide positions +134, +137, +142, +147 and +156) were observed to be differentially methylated among the samples and were further analyzed by the quantitative pyrosequencing technique. The hypomethylation of the +134, +137, +142, +147 and +156 CpG sites was observed to be markedly associated with cancer. Although the methylation degree of each single site was highly variable in non-neoplastic tissues, the average methylation state of the 5 CpG sites clearly distinguished cancer from the nonneoplastic thyroid tissues.
Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Pathology, University of Naples, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology CNR, Naples, Italy ;
Simona
S
Keller
Tiziana
T
Angrisano
Ermanno
E
Florio
Raffaela
R
Pero
Miriam
M
Decaussin-Petrucci
Giancarlo
G
Troncone
Mario
M
Capasso
Francesca
F
Lembo
Alfredo
A
Fusco
Lorenzo
L
Chiariotti
DNA methylation; galectin-3; human thyroid cancer; tumor marker