Laboratory detection of sepsis: biomarkers and molecular approaches.
Sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Rapid diagnosis and therapeutic interventions are desirable to improve the overall mortality in patients with sepsis. However, gold standard laboratory diagnostic methods for sepsis, pose a significant challenge to rapid diagnosis of sepsis by physicians and laboratories. This article discusses the usefulness and potential of biomarkers and molecular test methods for a more rapid clinical and laboratory diagnosis of sepsis. Because new technologies are quickly emerging, physicians and laboratories must appreciate the key factors and characteristics that affect the clinical usefulness and diagnostic accuracy of these test methodologies.
Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, and Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, 4940 Eastern Avenue, A Building, Room 102-B, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA. sriedel2@jhmi.edu
Stefan
S
Riedel
Karen C
KC
Carroll
D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002116:Calcitonin / Q000097:blood; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D019411:Clinical Laboratory Techniques; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000097:blood; D007753:Laboratories; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D021141:Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000097:blood; D018805:Sepsis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D000683:Serum Amyloid P-Component / Q000378:metabolism; D014667:Vasopressins / Q000097:blood; D000099231:Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein; D000099153:Pentraxins
D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D015415:Biomarkers; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D002116:Calcitonin; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011498:Protein Precursors; D000683:Serum Amyloid P-Component; D014667:Vasopressins; D000099231:Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein; D000099153:Pentraxins; C000606589:CALCA protein, human
Bacteremia; Biomarkers; C-reactive protein; Molecular diagnostics; Nucleic acid amplification testing; Procalcitonin; Sepsis