title: Squamous cell carcinoma in exstrophy of the bladder.
abstract: Exstrophy of the bladder is a rare congenital anomaly with an incidence of about 1 per 50,000 newborns. The malignant potential of the exstrophied bladder mucosa is well known; 95% are adenocarcinomas, and 3% to 5% are squamous cell carcinomas. Most of the malignant tumors (60%) associated with an exstrophy of the bladder occur during the fourth and fifth decades of life. Of the remaining, about 20% each occur after 60 years and before 40 years. Here we present a case in which squamous cell carcinoma developed in an unrepaired exstrophy of the bladder. We present the management of the case and a brief review of the literature.
authors: Department of Urology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India.
authors: Pramod Kumar
authors: PK
authors: Sharma
authors: Praveen Kumar
authors: PK
authors: Pandey
authors: Mukesh Kumar
authors: MK
authors: Vijay
authors: Malay Kumar
authors: MK
authors: Bera
authors: Jitendra Pratap
authors: JP
authors: Singh
authors: Kaushik
authors: K
authors: Saha
keywords: Bladder exstrophy; Squamous cell carcinoma; Urinary bladder neoplasms
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