title: Protective effect of apocynin in a mouse model of chemically-induced colitis.
abstract: Apocynin, a constituent of Picrorhiza kurroa, successfully inhibits NADPH oxidase and shows promise as an anti-inflammatory drug. Now, we report anti-inflammatory effects of apocynin in an experimental colitis model induced by dextran sulfate sodium as well as the effects on the mediators involved in this process. Apocynin reduced the colitis induced in mice by administration of 5 % dextran sulfate sodium during 7 days. Mice were fed a control diet or a diet supplemented with 2 % of apocynin or 2 % of rutin. Sulfasalazine (50 mg/kg, p. o.) was used as a positive control. Treatment with apocynin and rutin ameliorated the course of colonic inflammation with results similar to those of the reference drug, as could be seen by reductions in the disease activity index scores and colon length. NO and PGE2 production as well as the iNOS and COX-2 expression were reduced by apocynin and rutin. Moreover, the activation of NF-κB p65 as well as STAT3 in dextran sulfate sodium-treated colon tissues was significantly reduced by apocynin. These results are promising for further experimental studies on treating gastrointestinal diseases and on the potential protective effects of apocynin.
authors: Departament de Farmacologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, València, Spain.
authors: Marta
authors: M
authors: Marín
authors: Rosa María
authors: RM
authors: Giner
authors: José-Luis
authors: JL
authors: Ríos
authors: María del Carmen
authors: Mdel C
authors: Recio
mesh_terms: D000098:Acetophenones / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003092:Colitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D003106:Colon / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016264:Dextran Sulfate; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D051379:Mice; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D008517:Phytotherapy; D032261:Picrorhiza / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012431:Rutin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D012460:Sulfasalazine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000098:Acetophenones; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D010936:Plant Extracts; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D012460:Sulfasalazine; D012431:Rutin; D016264:Dextran Sulfate; C056165:acetovanillone; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D015232:Dinoprostone