title: Identification and dynamics of Arabidopsis adaptor protein-2 complex and its involvement in floral organ development.
abstract: The adaptor protein-2 (AP-2) complex is a heterotetramer involved in clathrin-mediated endocytosis of cargo proteins from the plasma membrane in animal cells. The homologous genes of AP-2 subunits are present in the genomes of plants; however, their identities and roles in endocytic pathways are not clearly defined in plants. Here, we reveal the molecular composition of the AP-2 complex of Arabidopsis thaliana and its dynamics on the plasma membrane. We identified all of the α-, β-, σ-, and μ-subunits of the AP-2 complex and detected a weak interaction of the AP-2 complex with clathrin heavy chain. The μ-subunit protein fused to green fluorescent protein (AP2M-GFP) was localized to the plasma membrane and to the cytoplasm. Live-cell imaging using a variable-angle epifluorescence microscope revealed that AP2M-GFP transiently forms punctate structures on the plasma membrane. Homozygous ap2m mutant plants exhibited abnormal floral structures, including reduced stamen elongation and delayed anther dehiscence, which led to a failure of pollination and a subsequent reduction of fertility. Our study provides a molecular basis for understanding AP-2-dependent endocytic pathways in plants and their roles in floral organ development and plant reproduction.
authors: Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
authors: Shohei
authors: S
authors: Yamaoka
authors: Yuki
authors: Y
authors: Shimono
authors: Makoto
authors: M
authors: Shirakawa
authors: Yoichiro
authors: Y
authors: Fukao
authors: Takashi
authors: T
authors: Kawase
authors: Noriyuki
authors: N
authors: Hatsugai
authors: Kentaro
authors: K
authors: Tamura
authors: Tomoo
authors: T
authors: Shimada
authors: Ikuko
authors: I
authors: Hara-Nishimura
mesh_terms: D033962:Adaptor Protein Complex 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D035264:Flowers / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006720:Homozygote; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D063245:Plant Development; D011058:Pollen / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D021381:Protein Transport; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D033962:Adaptor Protein Complex 2; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D014443:Tyrosine
references: Curr Biol. 2007 Mar 20;17(6):520-7
references: 17306539
references: Cell. 1997 Mar 21;88(6):767-76
references: 9118220
references: J Cell Biol. 2003 Sep 1;162(5):909-18
references: 12952941
references: PLoS One. 2010 May 12;5(5):e10597
references: 20485680
references: Plant J. 2004 Mar;37(5):678-93
references: 14871308
references: Arabidopsis Book. 2008;6:e0116
references: 22303241
references: Protoplasma. 2001;215(1-4):116-27
references: 11732051
references: Plant Cell. 2004;16 Suppl:S46-60
references: 15131249
references: Nat Cell Biol. 2002 Sep;4(9):691-8
references: 12198492
references: EMBO J. 2001 Sep 3;20(17):4730-41
references: 11532937
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Jan 11;108(2):615-20
references: 21187379
references: Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2011 Jul 22;12(8):517-33
references: 21779028
references: Trends Cell Biol. 2004 Apr;14(4):167-74
references: 15066634
references: Plant J. 1998 Dec;16(6):735-43
references: 10069079
references: J Exp Bot. 2008;59(2):361-76
references: 18256049
references: Plant Physiol. 2013 Aug;162(4):1897-910
references: 23766365
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Jun 18;110(25):10318-23
references: 23733933
references: Plant Cell Physiol. 2004 Jan;45(1):9-17
references: 14749481
references: Plant J. 1997 Jun;11(6):1359-68
references: 9225474
references: Cell. 2012 Aug 3;150(3):495-507
references: 22863004
references: Plant Cell. 2008 May;20(5):1363-80
references: 18502847
references: Plant Cell. 2010 Dec;22(12):4084-97
references: 21189294
references: Plant Cell Physiol. 2013 Jun;54(6):838-47
references: 23543752
references: J Biol Chem. 2003 Apr 4;278(14):12022-8
references: 12556528
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Jan 15;105(2):588-93
references: 18182495
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 May 22;98(11):6511-5
references: 11331751
references: Plant J. 2008 Jan;53(1):186-96
references: 17931350
references: Mol Biol Cell. 2001 Oct;12(10):2907-20
references: 11598180
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Mar 16;107(11):5220-5
references: 20194745
references: J Biol Chem. 1997 May 30;272(22):14104-9
references: 9162036
references: Plant Cell. 2009 Apr;21(4):1141-54
references: 19376932
references: EMBO J. 1999 May 4;18(9):2489-99
references: 10228163
references: Elife. 2013 Mar 05;2:e00190
references: 23482940
references: Mol Biol Cell. 1999 Nov;10(11):3643-59
references: 10564262
references: Plant Physiol. 2001 May;126(1):278-88
references: 11351091
references: Plant Cell. 2010 Aug;22(8):2812-24
references: 20729380
references: Science. 1995 Sep 29;269(5232):1872-5
references: 7569928
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Mar 30;107(13):6094-9
references: 20231465
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Aug 9;108(32):E450-8
references: 21628566
references: Cell. 2004 Sep 3;118(5):591-605
references: 15339664
references: Curr Biol. 2012 Sep 25;22(18):1711-6
references: 22902756
references: Nat Chem Biol. 2012 May 06;8(6):583-9
references: 22561410
references: Cell. 2006 May 19;125(4):749-60
references: 16713565
references: Science. 1998 Nov 13;282(5392):1327-32
references: 9812899
references: Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2009 Aug;21(4):552-9
references: 19497727
references: J Exp Bot. 2011 Mar;62(5):1633-49
references: 21325605
references: J Cell Biol. 1993 Mar;120(5):1123-35
references: 8436587
references: J Exp Bot. 2011 Jan;62(1):1-7
references: 21078825
references: J Biosci Bioeng. 2007 Jul;104(1):34-41
references: 17697981
references: Cell Res. 2011 Dec;21(12):1711-22
references: 21670741
references: Dev Cell. 2010 Mar 16;18(3):425-36
references: 20230749
references: EMBO J. 1993 May;12(5):2219-28
references: 8491209
references: Mol Cell Biol. 2005 Nov;25(21):9318-23
references: 16227583
references: Dev Cell. 2009 Oct;17(4):552-60
references: 19853568
references: PLoS Biol. 2011 Oct;9(10):e1001170
references: 22022230
references: Cell. 2010 Jun 25;141(7):1220-9
references: 20603002
references: Plant Cell Physiol. 2009 Dec;50(12):2057-68
references: 19884248
references: Trends Cell Biol. 2009 Nov;19(11):596-605
references: 19836955
references: Science. 1994 Jun 3;264(5164):1458-60
references: 8197459
references: EMBO J. 1996 Nov 1;15(21):5789-95
references: 8918456
references: Nat Cell Biol. 2011 Jun 12;13(7):853-9
references: 21666683
references: J Biol Chem. 1997 Sep 26;272(39):24530-5
references: 9305917
references: Cell. 2002 May 17;109(4):523-35
references: 12086608
references: J Cell Biol. 2008 Dec 1;183(5):881-92
references: 19047463