title: Increased immunoexpression of trefoil factors in salivary gland tumors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Very little is known about the role of trefoil factors (TFFs) in salivary gland tumors, and TFF immunoexpression has never been investigated in such tumors. The aim of this study was to evaluate TFF immunoexpression in benign and malignant salivary gland tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Benign (n = 25) and malignant (n = 25) salivary gland tumor specimens were included in this study, using mucocele (n = 25) specimens as a control group. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to evaluate the expression of TFFs (TFF1, TFF2, and TFF3) by semiquantitative means.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Expression of TFF1, TFF2, and TFF3 was significantly increased in benign (p = 0.001, p = 0.005, p < 0.001, respectively) and malignant (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively) groups as compared with the control group. Patterns of co-expression between TFF1/TFF2, TFF2/TFF3, and TFF1/TFF3 were different among the three groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study provided new information showing that all TFFs were significantly increased in benign and malignant salivary gland tumors, and overexpression of TFFs could be associated with neoplastic transformation in salivary gland tissues.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overexpression of TFFs may be useful as biomarkers in terms of differential diagnosis between salivary gland tumors and other oral neoplasms for which clinical manifestations are indistinguishable.
authors: Department of Oral Diagnosis, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand. cponla@kku.ac.th.|Research group of chronic inflammatory oral diseases and systemic diseases associated with oral health, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand. cponla@kku.ac.th.
authors: Ponlatham
authors: P
authors: Chaiyarit
authors: Department of Oral Diagnosis, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.|Research group of chronic inflammatory oral diseases and systemic diseases associated with oral health, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
authors: Poramaporn
authors: P
authors: Klanrit
authors: Department of Oral Diagnosis, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.|Research group of chronic inflammatory oral diseases and systemic diseases associated with oral health, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
authors: Pensri
authors: P
authors: Photipakdee
authors: Department of Oral Diagnosis, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.|Research group of chronic inflammatory oral diseases and systemic diseases associated with oral health, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
authors: Ajiravudh
authors: A
authors: Subarnbhesaj
authors: Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia.
authors: Andrew S
authors: AS
authors: Giraud
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D006801:Humans; D010455:Peptides / Q000378:metabolism*; D012468:Salivary Gland Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D000071164:Trefoil Factor-2; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010455:Peptides; C000604007:TFF2 protein, human; D000071164:Trefoil Factor-2
references: Eur J Oral Sci. 2009 Dec;117(6):636-43
references: 20121925
references: Clin Cancer Res. 2002 Jun;8(6):1871-7
references: 12060630
references: J Anat. 2006 May;208(5):609-19
references: 16637884
references: Int J Cancer. 2010 Oct 15;127(8):1857-65
references: 20112343
references: Cell Mol Life Sci. 2009 Apr;66(8):1350-69
references: 19099184
references: Clin Chem Lab Med. 2011 May;49(5):861-8
references: 21275809
references: Histopathology. 2006 Oct;49(4):406-10
references: 16978204
references: Peptides. 2004 May;25(5):855-63
references: 15177882
references: Clin Oral Investig. 2012 Dec;16(6):1549-56
references: 22205269
references: Cancer Res. 2001 Jun 15;61(12):4683-8
references: 11406537
references: Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 2013 Apr;73(3):193-202
references: 23391285
references: Endocr Relat Cancer. 2006 Dec;13(4):1033-67
references: 17158753
references: Histopathology. 2002 Mar;40(3):261-8
references: 11895492
references: Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2008 Mar;19(2):74-81
references: 18054496
references: J Histochem Cytochem. 2007 May;55(5):505-13
references: 17242463
references: Gastroenterology. 2011 Mar;140(3):879-91
references: 21111741
references: Peptides. 2004 May;25(5):865-72
references: 15177883
references: Cell Mol Life Sci. 2005 Dec;62(24):2956-73
references: 16374584
references: Gastroenterology. 2010 Dec;139(6):2005-17
references: 20801119
references: Neoplasia. 2010 Dec;12(12):1041-53
references: 21170268
references: J Clin Oncol. 2006 May 20;24(15):2261-7
references: 16636340
references: J Pathol. 1997 Sep;183(1):30-8
references: 9370944
references: Periodontol 2000. 2011 Oct;57(1):150-9
references: 21781185
references: Lab Invest. 2001 Mar;81(3):397-408
references: 11310832
references: Oncogene. 2011 Jul 21;30(29):3261-73
references: 21358676
references: Hum Pathol. 2000 Apr;31(4):509-15
references: 10821500
references: Clin Cancer Res. 2005 Sep 15;11(18):6472-8
references: 16166422
references: Clin Exp Metastasis. 2005;22(2):157-65
references: 16086236
references: Cell Physiol Biochem. 2002;12(4):197-206
references: 12297725
references: Hum Pathol. 2009 Jun;40(6):887-92
references: 19200580
references: Endocrinology. 2009 Oct;150(10):4473-83
references: 19589871
references: J Periodontol. 2012 Sep;83(9):1129-38
references: 22181686
references: Cell Physiol Biochem. 2010;26(3):375-82
references: 20798522
references: Cell Tissue Res. 1999 Oct;298(1):161-6
references: 10555550
references: Int J Cancer. 1994 Jan 2;56(1):52-5
references: 7505265
references: Eur J Oral Sci. 2008 Apr;116(2):135-40
references: 18353006
references: Eur J Oral Sci. 2009 Oct;117(5):511-7
references: 19758246
references: Peptides. 1995;16(6):1001-5
references: 8532580
references: J Clin Pathol. 2010 Mar;63(3):220-8
references: 20203221
references: Peptides. 2004 May;25(5):885-98
references: 15177885
references: Cell Mol Life Sci. 2005 Dec;62(24):2910-5
references: 16374578
references: Hum Pathol. 2012 Oct;43(10):1764-71
references: 22658519