title: Impact of an education program on patient anxiety, depression, glycemic control, and adherence to self-care and medication in Type 2 diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diabetes mellitus (DM) requires continuous medical care, patients' self-management, education, and adherence to prescribed medication to reduce the risk of long-term complications. The aim of this study was to assess the benefits of an education program on diabetes, patient self-management, adherence to medication, anxiety, depression and glycemic control in type 2 diabetics in Saudi Arabia.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective study, conducted among 104 diabetic patients at a major tertiary hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between May 2011 and October 2012. Education materials given to diabetic patients included pamphlets/handouts written in Arabic, the national language. Special videotapes about DM were made and distributed to all participants. In addition, specific educational programs through the diabetes educators and one-on-one counseling sessions with the doctor were also arranged. Patients were interviewed using a structured interview schedule both during the baseline, and after 6 months of the program. The interview schedule included, socio-demographics, clinical characteristics, diabetes self-management, adherence to medication, anxiety, and depression. Glycemic control was considered poor, if hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was ≥ 7%.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of the study population was 57.3 ± 14.4 years. Seventy one were males (68.3%) and 33 (31.7%) were females. After six months of the diabetes education program, there were significant improvements in patients' dietary plan (P = 0.0001), physical exercise (P = 0.0001), self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) (P = 0.0001), HbA1c (P = 0.04), adherence to medication (P = 0.007), and depression (P = 0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Implementation of education programs on diabetes among type 2 diabetic patients is associated with better outcomes such as their dietary plan, physical exercise, SMBG, adherence to medication, HbA1c and depression.
authors: Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors: Ayman A
authors: AA
authors: Al Hayek
authors: Asirvatham A
authors: AA
authors: Robert
authors: Mohamed A
authors: MA
authors: Al Dawish
authors: Marwan M
authors: MM
authors: Zamzami
authors: Asirvatham E
authors: AE
authors: Sam
authors: Aus A
authors: AA
authors: Alzaid
keywords: Anxiety; Saudi Arabia; depression; diabetes education; diabetes self-management
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