title: Inorganic polyphosphates regulate hexokinase activity and reactive oxygen species generation in mitochondria of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus embryo.
abstract: The physiological roles of polyphosphates (poly P) recently found in arthropod mitochondria remain obscure. Here, the possible involvement of poly P with reactive oxygen species generation in mitochondria of Rhipicephalus microplus embryos was investigated. Mitochondrial hexokinase and scavenger antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione reductase were assayed during embryogenesis of R. microplus. The influence of poly P₃ and poly P₁₅ were analyzed during the period of higher enzymatic activity during embryogenesis. Both poly Ps inhibited hexokinase activity by up to 90% and, interestingly, the mitochondrial membrane exopolyphosphatase activity was stimulated by the hexokinase reaction product, glucose-6-phosphate. Poly P increased hydrogen peroxide generation in mitochondria in a situation where mitochondrial hexokinase is also active. The superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione reductase activities were higher during embryo cellularization, at the end of embryogenesis and during embryo segmentation, respectively. All of the enzymes were stimulated by poly P₃. However, superoxide dismutase was not affected by poly P₁₅, catalase activity was stimulated only at high concentrations and glutathione reductase was the only enzyme that was stimulated in the same way by both poly Ps. Altogether, our results indicate that inorganic polyphosphate and mitochondrial membrane exopolyphosphatase regulation can be correlated with the generation of reactive oxygen species in the mitochondria of R. microplus embryos.
authors: Laboratório Integrado de Bioquímica-Hatisaburo Masuda, UFRJ, Polo Barreto, Av. São José do Barreto nº 764, São Jose do Barreto, CEP 27971-550 Macaé, RJ, Brazil.
authors: Amanda
authors: A
authors: Fraga
authors: Jorge
authors: J
authors: Moraes
authors: José Roberto
authors: JR
authors: da Silva
authors: Evenilton P
authors: EP
authors: Costa
authors: Jackson
authors: J
authors: Menezes
authors: Itabajara
authors: I
authors: da Silva Vaz
authors: Carlos
authors: C
authors: Logullo
authors: Rodrigo Nunes
authors: RN
authors: da Fonseca
authors: Eldo
authors: E
authors: Campos
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000378:metabolism; D006593:Hexokinase / Q000378:metabolism*; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D011122:Polyphosphates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D048494:Rhipicephalus / Q000196:embryology* / Q000201:enzymology; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D011122:Polyphosphates; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005980:Glutathione Reductase; D006593:Hexokinase
keywords: arthropod; inorganic polyphosphate; mitochondria; reactive oxygen species; scavenger antioxidant enzymes.
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