title: Cardiac rehabilitation increases exercise capacity with a reduction of oxidative stress.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediate various signaling pathways that underlie vascular inflammation in atherogenesis and cardiovascular diseases. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) has a variety of multiple beneficial effects, including anti-inflammatory effects. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of CR on ROS in patients with cardiovascular diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  The serum level of derivatives of reactive oxidative metabolites, an index of oxidative stress, was measured in 100 patients with cardiovascular diseases before, and, subsequently, 3 and 6 months after, CR. A biological antioxidant potential (BAP) test was applied to assess the antioxidant power of the serum.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The resting reactive oxidative metabolite levels decreased 3-6 months after CR {pre: 351±97 Carratelli unit (CARR U), 3 months: 329±77 CARR U, 6 months: 325±63 CARR U, all p<0.01} with the increase of the percentage of the predicted values of V̇O2 peak and the percentage of the predicted values of V̇O2 at the anaerobic threshold (V̇O2 AT) and the decrease of the B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP). The BAP test and antioxidative/oxidative stress ratio increased 6 months after CR. The % changes of the antioxidative/oxidative stress ratio was positively correlated with the % changes of V̇O2 AT, and negatively correlated with the % changes of the BNP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that intensive supervised CR significantly improved exercise capacity, which may be attributable to an adaptive response involving more efficient oxidative metabolites or the increased capacity of endogenous anti-oxidative systems in patients with cardiovascular diseases.
authors: Health Center, Hitotsubashi University, Tokyo, Japan. ; Department of Ischemic Circulatory Physiology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors: Taira
authors: T
authors: Fukuda
authors: Miwa
authors: M
authors: Kurano
authors: Kazuya
authors: K
authors: Fukumura
authors: Tomohiro
authors: T
authors: Yasuda
authors: Haruko
authors: H
authors: Iida
authors: Toshihiro
authors: T
authors: Morita
authors: Yumiko
authors: Y
authors: Yamamoto
authors: Nami
authors: N
authors: Takano
authors: Issei
authors: I
authors: Komuro
authors: Toshiaki
authors: T
authors: Nakajima
keywords: Antioxidants; Cardiovascular diseases; Exercise therapy; Oxygen consumption; Reactive oxygen species
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