title: Reduced AgRP activation in the hypothalamus of cows with high extent of fat mobilization after parturition.
abstract: Agouti-related protein (AgRP), produced by neurons located in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus stimulates feed intake. During early lactation dairy cows increase their feed intake and additionally mobilize their fat reserves leading to increased plasma non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations. Since cows with a higher extent of fat mobilization exhibit the lower feed intake, it seems that high NEFA concentrations confine hyperphagia. To test the involvement of AgRP neurons, we investigated 18 cows from parturition until day 40 postpartum (pp) and assigned the cows according to their NEFA concentration on day 40pp to either group H (high NEFA) or L (low NEFA). Both groups had comparable feed intake, body weight, milk yield, energy balance, plasma amino acids and leptin concentrations. Studies in respiratory chambers revealed the higher oxygen consumption and the lower respiratory quotient (RQ) in H compared to L cows. mRNA abundance of neuropeptide Y, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, AMP-activated protein kinase, and leptin receptor in the arcuate nucleus were comparable between groups. Immunohistochemical studies revealed the same number of AgRP neurons in H and L cows. AgRP neurons were co-localized with phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase without any differences between groups. The percentage of cFOS-activated AgRP neurons per total AgRP cells was lower in H cows and correlated negatively with oxygen consumption and NEFA, positively with RQ, but not with feed intake. We conclude that AgRP activation plays a pivotal role in the regulation of substrate utilization and metabolic rate in high NEFA dairy cows during early lactation.
authors: Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner", Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
authors: Sabina
authors: S
authors: Börner
authors: Elke
authors: E
authors: Albrecht
authors: Christine
authors: C
authors: Schäff
authors: Sandra
authors: S
authors: Hacke
authors: Ulrike
authors: U
authors: Kautzsch
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Derno
authors: Harald M
authors: HM
authors: Hammon
authors: Monika
authors: M
authors: Röntgen
authors: Helga
authors: H
authors: Sauerwein
authors: Björn
authors: B
authors: Kuhla
mesh_terms: D054369:Agouti-Related Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000378:metabolism*; D007774:Lactation / Q000502:physiology; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D036801:Parturition / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D012119:Respiration
chemical_list: D054369:Agouti-Related Protein; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified
keywords: AgRP; Dairy cow; Early lactation; NEFA; Oxygen consumption; Respiratory quotient