title: Fatal hemophagocytic syndrome as a manifestation of immune reconstitution syndrome in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
abstract: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is an aggressive and potentially life-threatening condition characterized by uncontrolled hyper inflammation caused by various inherited or acquired immune deficiencies. We report a case of a 42-year-old man, newly diagnosed with HIV on the basis of a low CD4 T lymphocyte count (17/mm³) and HIV viral load >100,000 copies/mL by polymerase chain reaction tests who was undergoing an anti-retroviral regimen (emitricitabine, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, ritonavir, and darunavir) and opportunistic infection prophylaxis (clarithromycin and atovaquone). He was concomitantly diagnosed with hemophagocytic syndrome, also known as HLH. He developed increasingly severe pancytopenia while on treatment with anti-retroviral drugs.
authors: Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors: Samreen M
authors: SM
authors: Safdar
authors: Jalil U
authors: JU
authors: Rehman
authors: Eba M
authors: EM
authors: Samman
authors: Nezar M
authors: NM
authors: Bahabri
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000328:Adult; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000009:adverse effects; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D006801:Humans; D054019:Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications*; D051359:Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents