title: Brugia pahangi: immunization with early L3 ES alters parasite migration, and reduces microfilaremia and lymphatic lesion formation in gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus).
abstract: Previous studies have shown that intradermally (ID) injected Brugia pahangi L3 s migrate through various tissues and into the lymphatics of gerbils in a distinct pattern. Excretory/secretory products (ES) produced at the time of invasion of B. pahangi are likely to be important in this early migration phase of the parasite life cycle in their rodent host. Hence, early L3 ES was collected from 24h in vitro cultures of B. pahangi L3 larvae and used in immunization experiments to investigate the effect of immunity to early L3 ES on worm migration, survival and development of B. pahangi. Immunization of gerbils with ES in RIBI adjuvant produced antibodies to numerous ES proteins eliciting a strong humoral response to ES and indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) assay using anti-ES serum recognized the ES proteins on the surface of B. pahangi L3 larvae. Following ES immunization, gerbils were challenged either ID or intraperitoneally (IP) with 100 L3 s of B. pahangi and euthanized at 3 or 106 days post inoculation (DPI). Immunization with early ES slowed the migration of ID inoculated L3 at 3 DPI and significantly altered the locations of adult worms at 106 DPI. Immunization did not induce protection in any treatment group. However, immunized animals had significantly fewer microfilariae per female worm suggesting the antigens in ES are important in microfilariae development or survival in the host. The number of lymphatic granulomas was also significantly reduced in ES immunized animals. It is important to note that microfilariae serve as a nidus in these granulomas. Our results shows immunization with early Brugia malayi L3 ES alters the worm migration, affects circulating microfilarial numbers and reduces lymphatic granulomas associated with B. pahangi infection in gerbils.
authors: Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
authors: Ginger R
authors: GR
authors: Zipperer
authors: Sridhar
authors: S
authors: Arumugam
authors: Sharon R
authors: SR
authors: Chirgwin
authors: Sharon U
authors: SU
authors: Coleman
authors: Krishna P
authors: KP
authors: Shakya
authors: Thomas R
authors: TR
authors: Klei
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000909:Antibodies, Helminth / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D000947:Antigens, Helminth / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D017179:Brugia pahangi / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005260:Female; D005368:Filariasis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology; D005849:Gerbillinae; D006321:Heart / Q000469:parasitology; D015801:Helminth Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D007114:Immunization / Q000379:methods; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007814:Larva / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D008168:Lung / Q000469:parasitology; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology; D008208:Lymphatic System / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D000909:Antibodies, Helminth; D000947:Antigens, Helminth; D015801:Helminth Proteins; D007074:Immunoglobulin G
keywords: 1% fish gelatin-PBST; AJ; AJ+BP+ID; AJ+BP+IP; ALT; AP; Ab buffer; B. pahangi infection of 35 days duration; B. pahangi infection of >1year; B. pahangi somatic L3 antigen; BP; Brugia pahangi; ES; ES immunized animals challenged with L3s intradermally; ES immunized animals challenged with L3s intraperitoneally; ES+BP+ID; ES+BP+IP; Excretory/secretory products (ES); Fecundity; Filariasis; ID; ILT; ILV; IP; IgG-AP; Immunization; L3; PBS-0.05% Tween 20; PBST; Parasite granulomas; Parasite migration; RPOP and LPOP; RRLN and LRLN; RSPCD and LSPCD; RSUB and LSUB; RTEST and LTEST; SL3A; abundant larval transcript protein; acute; adjuvant; adjuvant immunized animals challenged with L3s intradermally; adjuvant immunized animals challenged with L3s intraperitoneally; alkaline phosphatase; anti-ES from experiment 1; anti-ES from experiment 2; anti-ES1; anti-ES2; chronic; excretory/secretory products; goat anti-mouse IgG antibody conjugated to alkaline phosphatase; ileo-lumbar vessels; infective third stage larvae; intradermal; intralymphatic thrombi; intraperitoneal; right and left popliteal lymph nodes; right and left renal lymph nodes; right and left spermatic cord lymphatics; right and left sub-inguinal and iliac nodes; right and left testes
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