title: Predictive factors affecting outcome after cervical laminoplasty.
abstract: METHODS
  Systematic review.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether various preoperative factors affect patient outcome after cervical laminoplasty for cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) and/or ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Cervical laminoplasty is a procedure designed to decompress the spinal cord by enlarging the spinal canal while preserving the lamina. Prior research has identified a variety of potential predictive factors that might affect outcomes after this procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic search of multiple major medical reference databases was conducted to identify studies explicitly designed to evaluate the effect of preoperative factors on patient outcome after cervical laminoplasty for CSM or OPLL. Studies specifically designed to evaluate potential predictive factors and their associations with outcome were included. Only cohort studies that used multivariate analysis, enrolled at least 20 patients, and adjusted for age as a potential confounding variable were included. JOA (Japanese Orthopaedic Association), modified JOA, and JOACMEQ-L (JOA Cervical Myelopathy Evaluation Questionnaire lower extremity function section) scores were the main outcome measures. Clinical recommendations and consensus statements were made through a modified Delphi approach by applying the GRADE (Grading of Recommendation Assessment, Development and Evaluation)/AHRQ (Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality) criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The search strategy yielded 433 citations, of which 1 prospective and 11 retrospective cohort studies met our inclusion criteria. Overall, the strength of evidence from the 12 studies is low or insufficient for most of the predictive factors. Increased age was not associated with poorer JOA outcomes for patients with CSM, but there is insufficient evidence to make a conclusion for patients with OPLL. Increased severity of disease and a longer duration of symptoms might be associated with JOA outcomes for patients with CSM. Hill-shaped lesions might be associated with poorer JOA outcomes for patients with OPLL. There is insufficient evidence to permit conclusions regarding other predictive factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, the strength of evidence for all of the predictive factors was insufficient or low. Given that cervical myelopathy due to CSM tends to be progressive and that increased severity of myelopathy and duration of symptoms might be associated with poorer outcomes after cervical laminoplasty for CSM, it is preferable to perform laminoplasty in patients with CSM earlier rather than waiting for symptoms to get worse. Further research is needed to more clearly identify predictive factors that affect outcomes after cervical laminoplasty because there were relatively few studies identified that used multivariate analyses to control for confounding factors and many of these studies did not provide a detailed description of the multivariate analyses or the magnitude of effect estimates. EVIDENCE-BASED CLINICAL RECOMMENDATIONS:
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For patients with CSM, increased age is not a strong predictor of clinical neurological outcomes after laminoplasty; therefore, age by itself should not preclude cervical laminoplasty for CSM.
  
  
  METHODS
  Low.
  
  
  METHODS
  Strong.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For patients with CSM, increased severity of disease and a longer duration of symptoms might be associated with poorer clinical neurological outcomes after laminoplasty; therefore, we recommend that patients be informed about this.
  
  
  METHODS
  Low.
  
  
  METHODS
  Strong. SUMMARY STATEMENTS: For patients with OPLL, hill-shaped lesions might be associated with poorer clinical neurological outcomes after laminoplasty; therefore, surgeons might consider potential benefits and risks of alternative or additional surgery.
authors: *Emory Spine Center, Atlanta, GA †Spectrum Research, Inc., Tacoma, WA ‡Washington University Orthopedics, St. Louis, MO §Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; and ¶University Health Network, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and ‖Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors: S Tim
authors: ST
authors: Yoon
authors: Annie
authors: A
authors: Raich
authors: Robin E
authors: RE
authors: Hashimoto
authors: K Daniel
authors: KD
authors: Riew
authors: Christopher I
authors: CI
authors: Shaffrey
authors: John M
authors: JM
authors: Rhee
authors: Lindsay A
authors: LA
authors: Tetreault
authors: Andrea C
authors: AC
authors: Skelly
authors: Michael G
authors: MG
authors: Fehlings
mesh_terms: D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D017887:Ossification of Posterior Longitudinal Ligament / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D013118:Spinal Cord Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D055009:Spondylosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome