title: Androgen receptor expression: prognostic value in locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the prognostic value of androgen receptor (AR) expression of tumor cells in patients treated with surgery and subsequent radio(chemo)therapy for locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN).
  
  
  METHODS
  The impact of AR and 11 additional factors on locoregional control (LRC), metastases-free survival (MFS), and overall survival (OS) was retrospectively studied in 163 patients with nonmetastatic stage III/IV SCCHN. Additional factors included age, gender, ECOG performance status, pre-radiotherapy (pre-RT) hemoglobin levels, tumor site, histologic grade, T category, N category, HPV status, extent of resection, and concurrent chemotherapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On multivariate analysis, improved LRC was significantly associated with pre-RT hemoglobin levels≥12 g/dl (risk ratio [RR] 2.22; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.19–4.13; p=0.013), tumor site (RR 1.39; 95% CI 1.14–1.70; p=0.001), lower T category (RR 1.67; 95% CI 1.18–2.44; p=0.003), and lower N category (RR 4.18; 95% CI 1.90–10.55; p<0.001). Improved MFS was associated with AR expression (RR 2.21; 95% CI 1.01–5.41; p=0.048), better ECOG performance status (RR 3.19; 95% CI 1.50–7.14; p=0.003), lower T category (RR 2.24; 95% CI 1.47–3.65; p<0.001), and lower N category (RR 5.33; 95% CI 2.07–16.63; p<0.001). OS was positively associated with AR expression (RR 1.99; 95% CI 1.06–4.00; p=0.032), better ECOG performance status (RR 2.20; 95% CI 1.20–4.09; p=0.010), pre-RT hemoglobin levels≥12 g/dl (RR 2.13; 95% CI 1.19–3.82; p=0.012), lower T category (RR 1.81; 95% CI 1.30–2.62; p<0.001), and lower N category (RR 3.41; 95% CI: 1.65–7.80; p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tumor cell expression of AR was an independent prognostic factor for MFS and OS and should be considered in future prospective trials.
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Rades
authors: N D
authors: ND
authors: Seibold
authors: S E
authors: SE
authors: Schild
authors: K L
authors: KL
authors: Bruchhage
authors: M P
authors: MP
authors: Gebhard
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Noack
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000737:chemistry / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D011379:Prognosis; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000032:analysis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D000077195:Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D011944:Receptors, Androgen
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