title: Acoustic detection probability of bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus, with static acoustic dataloggers in Cardigan Bay, Wales.
abstract: Acoustic dataloggers are used for monitoring the occurrence of cetaceans and can aid in fulfilling statutory monitoring requirements of protected species. Although useful for long-term monitoring, their spatial coverage is restricted, and for many devices the effective detection distance is not specified. A generalized additive mixed model (GAMM) was used to investigate the effects of (1) distance from datalogger, (2) animal behavior (feeding and traveling), and (3) group size on the detection probability of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) with autonomous dataloggers (C-PODs) validated with visual observations. The average probability of acoustic detection for minutes with a sighting was 0.59 and the maximum detection distance ranged from 1343-1779 m. Minutes with feeding activity had higher acoustic detection rates and longer average effective detection radius (EDR) than traveling ones. The detection probability for single dolphins was significantly higher than for groups, indicating that their acoustic behavior may differ from those of larger groups in the area, making them more detectable. The C-POD is effective at detecting dolphin presence but the effects of behavior and group size on detectability create challenges for estimating density from detections as higher detection rate of feeding dolphins could yield erroneously high density estimates in feeding areas.
authors: School of Ocean Sciences, Westbury Mount, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey, LL59 5AB Wales, United Kingdom. h.k.nuuttila@swansea.ac.uk
authors: Hanna K
authors: HK
authors: Nuuttila
authors: Len
authors: L
authors: Thomas
authors: Jan G
authors: JG
authors: Hiddink
authors: Rhiannon
authors: R
authors: Meier
authors: John R
authors: JR
authors: Turner
authors: James D
authors: JD
authors: Bennell
authors: Nick J C
authors: NJ
authors: Tregenza
authors: Peter G H
authors: PG
authors: Evans
mesh_terms: D000162:Acoustics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D000818:Animals; D050681:Bottle-Nosed Dolphin / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology; D056727:Endangered Species; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008386:Marine Biology / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009038:Motion; D009792:Oceans and Seas; D011156:Population Density; D011336:Probability; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D013016:Sound; D013018:Sound Spectrography; D013550:Swimming; D013997:Time Factors; D014159:Transducers; D014796:Visual Perception; D014828:Vocalization, Animal; D014852:Wales