title: A pooled analysis of alcohol consumption and risk of multiple myeloma in the international multiple myeloma consortium.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent findings suggest that alcohol consumption may reduce risk of multiple myeloma.
  
  
  METHODS
  To better understand this relationship, we conducted an analysis of six case-control studies participating in the International Multiple Myeloma Consortium (1,567 cases, 7,296 controls). Summary ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) relating different measures of alcohol consumption and multiple myeloma risk were computed by unconditional logistic regression with adjustment for age, race, and study center.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cases were significantly less likely than controls to report ever drinking alcohol (men: OR = 0.72; 95% CI, 0.59-0.89; women: OR = 0.81; 95% CI, 0.68-0.95). The inverse association with multiple myeloma was stronger when comparing current to never drinkers (men: OR = 0.57; 95% CI, 0.45-0.72; women: OR = 0.55; 95% CI, 0.45-0.68), but null among former drinkers. We did not observe an exposure-response relationship with increasing alcohol frequency, duration, or cumulative lifetime consumption. Additional adjustment for body mass index, education, or smoking did not affect our results; and the patterns of association were similar for each type of alcohol beverage examined.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study is, to our knowledge, the largest of its kind to date, and our findings suggest that alcohol consumption may be associated with reduced risk of multiple myeloma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prospective studies, especially those conducted as pooled analyses with large sample sizes, are needed to confirm our findings and further explore whether alcohol consumption provides true biologic protection against this rare, highly fatal malignancy.
authors: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Rockville, MD 20892-9704, USA. andreotg@mail.nih.gov
authors: Gabriella
authors: G
authors: Andreotti
authors: Brenda
authors: B
authors: Birmann
authors: Anneclaire J
authors: AJ
authors: De Roos
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Spinelli
authors: Wendy
authors: W
authors: Cozen
authors: Nicola J
authors: NJ
authors: Camp
authors: Kirsten
authors: K
authors: Moysich
authors: Brian
authors: B
authors: Chiu
authors: Emily
authors: E
authors: Steplowski
authors: Joseph
authors: J
authors: Krzystan
authors: Paolo
authors: P
authors: Boffetta
authors: Véronique
authors: V
authors: Benhaim-Luzon
authors: Paul
authors: P
authors: Brennan
authors: Silvia
authors: S
authors: de Sanjosé
authors: Laura
authors: L
authors: Costas
authors: Adele Seniori
authors: AS
authors: Costantini
authors: Lucia
authors: L
authors: Miligi
authors: Pierluigi
authors: P
authors: Cocco
authors: Nikolaus
authors: N
authors: Becker
authors: Lenka
authors: L
authors: Foretová
authors: Marc
authors: M
authors: Maynadié
authors: Alexandra
authors: A
authors: Nieters
authors: Anthony
authors: A
authors: Staines
authors: Guido
authors: G
authors: Tricot
authors: Kevin
authors: K
authors: Milliken
authors: Dennis
authors: D
authors: Weisenburger
authors: Tongzhang
authors: T
authors: Zheng
authors: Dalsu
authors: D
authors: Baris
authors: Mark P
authors: MP
authors: Purdue
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
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