title: Review of the novelties presented at the 28th Congress of the European Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis (ECTRIMS) (I).
abstract: The most relevant data presented at the 28th edition of the European Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis (ECTRIMS), held in October 2012 in France, have been summarized in the fifth edition of the Post-ECTRIMS Expert Meeting held in Madrid in October 2012. The present review summarizes the views and results of the meeting and is being published in three parts. This first part of the Post-ECTRIMS review addresses the incidence and prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS), which has increased at the global level, largely due to the increased incidence in women because the risk of developing the disease is increased in females, with minimal concurrent effect on the progression of MS. Sexual dimorphism is evident in MS, and all evidence points to an interaction between hormonal, genetic, and environmental factors. The paediatric population represents an ideal group to study susceptibility factors to the disease, which is why collaborative studies designed to increase the patient samples are being considered, given its low prevalence. In this review, inflammatory and neurodegenerative phenomena involved in the pathogenesis of the disease and that have a cause-and-effect or shared relationship with the disease are being discussed. Current hypotheses suggest a phenomenon of compartmentalization, presumably inaccessible to current immunomodulatory therapy. Among the possible mechanisms involved in these processes of inflammation and demyelination, the role of Th17 cells, mitochondrial dysfunction, early disruption of astrocytic processes, and chronic hypoxia are discussed.
authors: Hospital Regional Universitario Carlos Haya, Malaga, Espana.
authors: Óscar
authors: Ó
authors: Fernández
authors: Carmen
authors: C
authors: Arnal-García
authors: Rafael
authors: R
authors: Arroyo-González
authors: Lluís
authors: L
authors: Brieva
authors: M Carmen
authors: MC
authors: Calles-Hernández
authors: Bonaventura
authors: B
authors: Casanova-Estruch
authors: Manuel
authors: M
authors: Comabella
authors: Virginia
authors: V
authors: de Las Heras
authors: Juan A
authors: JA
authors: García-Merino
authors: Miguel A
authors: MA
authors: Hernández-Pérez
authors: Guillermo
authors: G
authors: Izquierdo
authors: Elisabet
authors: E
authors: Matas
authors: José E
authors: JE
authors: Meca-Lallana
authors: María del Mar
authors: Mdel M
authors: Mendibe-Bilbao
authors: Delicias
authors: D
authors: Muñoz-García
authors: Javier
authors: J
authors: Olascoaga
authors: Celia
authors: C
authors: Oreja-Guevara
authors: José M
authors: JM
authors: Prieto
authors: Lluís
authors: L
authors: Ramió-Torrentà
authors: Alfredo
authors: A
authors: Rodríguez-Antigüedad
authors: Albert
authors: A
authors: Saiz
authors: Nieves
authors: N
authors: Téllez
authors: Luisa M
authors: LM
authors: Villar
authors: Mar
authors: M
authors: Tintoré
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D015687:Cell Hypoxia; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D007774:Lactation; D008262:Macrophage Activation; D008297:Male; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000502:physiology; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D009410:Nerve Degeneration; D009836:Oligodendroglia / Q000473:pathology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D015222:Sodium Channels / Q000502:physiology; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones; D015222:Sodium Channels; D014807:Vitamin D