title: The first stage of cardinal direction selectivity is localized to the dendrites of retinal ganglion cells.
abstract: Inferring the direction of image motion is a fundamental component of visual computation and essential for visually guided behavior. In the retina, the direction of image motion is computed in four cardinal directions, but it is not known at which circuit location along the flow of visual information the cardinal direction selectivity first appears. We recorded the concerted activity of the neuronal circuit elements of single direction-selective (DS) retinal ganglion cells at subcellular resolution by combining GCaMP3-functionalized transsynaptic viral tracing and two-photon imaging. While the visually evoked activity of the dendritic segments of the DS cells were direction selective, direction-selective activity was absent in the axon terminals of bipolar cells. Furthermore, the glutamate input to DS cells, recorded using a genetically encoded glutamate sensor, also lacked direction selectivity. Therefore, the first stage in which extraction of a cardinal motion direction occurs is the dendrites of DS cells.
authors: Neural Circuit Laboratories, Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.
authors: Keisuke
authors: K
authors: Yonehara
authors: Karl
authors: K
authors: Farrow
authors: Alexander
authors: A
authors: Ghanem
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Hillier
authors: Kamill
authors: K
authors: Balint
authors: Miguel
authors: M
authors: Teixeira
authors: Josephine
authors: J
authors: Jüttner
authors: Masaharu
authors: M
authors: Noda
authors: Rachael L
authors: RL
authors: Neve
authors: Karl-Klaus
authors: KK
authors: Conzelmann
authors: Botond
authors: B
authors: Roska
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D002795:Choline O-Acetyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism; D003712:Dendrites / Q000502:physiology*; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D038702:Follistatin-Related Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D009039:Motion Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D062308:Optogenetics; D009949:Orientation / Q000502:physiology*; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D011820:Rabies virus / Q000502:physiology; D012160:Retina / Q000166:cytology; D051245:Retinal Bipolar Cells / Q000145:classification / Q000502:physiology; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D013569:Synapses / Q000502:physiology*; D014161:Transduction, Genetic; D014795:Visual Pathways / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D038702:Follistatin-Related Proteins; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D002795:Choline O-Acetyltransferase