title: Team-based learning in US colleges and schools of pharmacy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize the use of team-based learning (TBL) in US colleges and schools of pharmacy, including factors that may affect implementation and perceptions of faculty members regarding the impact of TBL on educational outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Respondents identified factors that inhibit or enable TBL use and its impact on student learning. Results were stratified by type of institution (public/private), class size, and TBL experience.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-nine of 100 faculty members (69%) representing 43 (86%) institutions responded. Major factors considered to enable TBL implementation included a single campus and student and administration buy-in. Inhibiting factors included distant campuses, faculty resistance, and lack of training. Compared with traditional lectures, TBL is perceived to enhance student engagement, improve students' preparation for class, and promote achievement of course outcomes. In addition, TBL is perceived to be more effective than lectures at fostering learning in all 6 domains of Bloom's Taxonomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite potential implementation challenges, faculty members perceive that TBL improves student engagement and learning.
authors: Xavier University of Louisiana-College of Pharmacy, 1 Drexel Drive, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA. reallen@xula.edu
authors: Rondall E
authors: RE
authors: Allen
authors: Jeffrey
authors: J
authors: Copeland
authors: Andrea S
authors: AS
authors: Franks
authors: Reza
authors: R
authors: Karimi
authors: Marianne
authors: M
authors: McCollum
authors: David J
authors: DJ
authors: Riese
authors: Anne Y F
authors: AY
authors: Lin
mesh_terms: D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D004512:Education, Pharmacy / Q000379:methods*; D004521:Educational Measurement; D005178:Faculty; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning; D008297:Male; D015397:Program Evaluation; D012580:Schools, Pharmacy; D014481:United States
keywords: Team-based learning; active learning; education; pharmacy
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