title: Somatic embryogenesis, scanning electron microscopy, histology and biochemical analysis at different developing stages of embryogenesis in six date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars.
abstract: An efficient somatic embryogenesis system has been established in six date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars (Barhee, Zardai, Khalasah, Muzati, Shishi and Zart). Somatic embryogenesis (SE) was growth regulators and cultivars dependent. Friable embryogenic callus was induced from excised shoot tips on MS medium supplemented with various auxins particularly 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D, 1.5 mg 1(-l)). Suspension culture increased embryogenesis potentiality. Only a-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA, 0.5 mg 1(-1)) produced somatic embryos in culture. Somatic embryos germinated and converted into plantlets in N(6)-benzyladenine (BAP, 0.75 mg 1(-l)) added medium following a treatment with thidiazuron (TDZ, 1.0 mg 1(-l)) for maturation. Scanning electron microscopy showed early stages of somatic embryo particularly, globular types, and was in masses. Different developing stages of embryogenesis (heart, torpedo and cotyledonary) were observed under histological preparation of embryogenic callus. Biochemical screening at various stages of somatic embryogenesis (embryogenic callus, somatic embryos, matured, germinated embryos and converted plantlets) of date palm cultivars has been conducted and discussed in detail. The result discussed in this paper indicates that somatic embryos were produced in numbers and converted plantlets can be used as a good source of alternative propagation. Genetic modification to the embryo precursor cell may improve the fruit quality and yield further.
authors: Dubai Pharmacy College, Al-Muhaisanah 1, Al Mizhar, P.O. Box 19099, Dubai, United Arab Emirates ; Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi 110062, India.
authors: Junaid
authors: J
authors: Aslam
authors: Saeed Ahmad
authors: SA
authors: Khan
authors: Abdul Jaleel
authors: AJ
authors: Cheruth
authors: Abdul
authors: A
authors: Mujib
authors: Maheshwar Pershad
authors: MP
authors: Sharma
authors: Prem Shanker
authors: PS
authors: Srivastava
keywords: 2,4,5-T, 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid; 2,4-D, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid; ANOVA, analysis of variance; Amino acid; Amino acids; BA, N6-benzyladenine; CPA, chlorophenoxyacetic acid; Date palm cultivars; Histological analysis; IAA, indole-3-acetic acid; MS, Murashige and Skoog’s (1962) medium; NAA, a-naphthaleneacetic acid; Protein; SE, somatic embryogenesis; Scanning electron microscopy; Somatic embryogenesis; Sugar; TDZ, thidiazuron
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