title: Human von Economo neurons express transcription factors associated with Layer V subcerebral projection neurons.
abstract: The von Economo neurons (VENs) are large bipolar Layer V projection neurons found chiefly in the anterior cingulate and frontoinsular cortices. Although VENs have been linked to prevalent illnesses such as frontotemporal dementia, autism, and schizophrenia, little is known about VEN identity, including their major projection targets. Here, we undertook a developmental transcription factor expression study, focusing on markers associated with specific classes of Layer V projection neurons. Using mRNA in situ hybridization, we found that VENs prominently express FEZF2 and CTIP2, transcription factors that regulate the fate and differentiation of subcerebral projection neurons, in humans aged 3 months to 65 years. In contrast, few VENs expressed markers associated with callosal or corticothalamic projections. These findings suggest that VENs may represent a specialized Layer V projection neuron for linking cortical autonomic control sites to brainstem or spinal cord regions.
authors: Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA Current address: Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors: Inma
authors: I
authors: Cobos
authors: Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
authors: William W
authors: WW
authors: Seeley
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D060588:LIM Domain Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D036961:Matrix Attachment Region Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism*; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D055755:SOXD Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D020825:T-Box Domain Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; C479740:BCL11B protein, human; C557090:FEZF2 protein, human; C486626:FOXP1 protein, human; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D060588:LIM Domain Proteins; C114905:LMO4 protein, human; D036961:Matrix Attachment Region Binding Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; C521297:SATB2 protein, human; C490301:SOX5 protein, human; D055755:SOXD Transcription Factors; D020825:T-Box Domain Proteins; C574705:TBR1 protein, human; D014157:Transcription Factors; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins
keywords: anterior insula; axon targeting; cell identity; molecular specification; neuronal connectivity
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