title: Sensitive assay for measurement of volatile borneol, isoborneol, and the metabolite camphor in rat pharmacokinetic study of Borneolum (Bingpian) and Borneolum syntheticum (synthetic Bingpian).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Both Borneolum (Chinese name Bingpian; dextrorotatory borneol) and Borneolum syntheticum (synthetic Bingpian; a mixture of optically inactive borneol and isoborneol) have been used for medicinal purposes in Chinese traditional medicine. The aim of this study was to develop a sensitive assay for measuring volatile ingredients borneol, isoborneol, and their metabolite camphor in pharmacokinetic study of Bingpian.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rat plasma samples were prepared using liquid-liquid microextraction: 70 μL of plasma sample (containing 125 nmol/L naphthalene as the internal standard) was extracted with 35 μL of n-hexane. The resulting n-hexane extract (20 μL) was introduced into a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry system using programmable temperature vaporizing-based large-volume injection. The assay was validated to demonstrate its reliability for the intended use. Using this assay, pharmacokinetic studies of Bingpian, synthetic Bingpian, and Fufang-Danshen tablets (containing synthetic Bingpian) were conducted in rats.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The extraction efficiency for the analytes and the internal standard from plasma was almost constant with decrease in n-hexane-to-plasma volume ratio, thus enabling a small volume of extracting solvent to be used for sample preparation, and enhancing the assay sensitivity. The lower quantification limit for measuring borneol, isoborneol, and camphor in plasma was 0.98 nmol/L, which was 33-330 times more sensitive than those reported earlier for Bingpian and synthetic Bingpian. The applicability of the miniaturized liquid-liquid extraction technique could be extended to measure other volatile and nonvolatile medicinal compounds in biomatrices, which can be predicted according to the analytes' octanol/water distribution coefficient (logD) and acid dissociation constant (pKa).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This assay is sensitive, accurate and free of matrix effects, and can be applied to pharmacokinetic studies of Bingpian, synthetic Bingpian, and Bingpian-containing herbal products.
authors: Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
authors: Chen
authors: C
authors: Cheng
authors: Xin-Wei
authors: XW
authors: Liu
authors: Fei-Fei
authors: FF
authors: Du
authors: Mei-Juan
authors: MJ
authors: Li
authors: Fang
authors: F
authors: Xu
authors: Feng-Qing
authors: FQ
authors: Wang
authors: Yang
authors: Y
authors: Liu
authors: Chuan
authors: C
authors: Li
authors: Yan
authors: Y
authors: Sun
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001892:Camphanes / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002164:Camphor / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D059627:Liquid Phase Microextraction; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013607:Tablets
chemical_list: D001892:Camphanes; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D012997:Solvents; D013607:Tablets; D002164:Camphor; C022871:isoborneol
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