title: Non-canonical roles of lysyl-tRNA synthetase in health and disease.
abstract: Lysyl-tRNA synthetase (LysRS) is a highly conserved enzyme that is part of the translational machinery in all living cells. Besides its canonical role in translation, LysRS gained additional domains and functions throughout evolution. These include its essential role in HIV replication and its roles in transcriptional regulation, cytokine-like signaling, and transport of proteins to the cell membrane. These diverse processes are tightly regulated through post-transcriptional modifications, interactions with other proteins, and targeting to the various cell compartments. The emerging variety of tasks performed by LysRS may therefore be utilized by various processes and pathological conditions that are described in this review, and their ongoing investigation is of extreme importance for our understanding of basic cellular regulatory mechanisms.
authors: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
authors: Alex
authors: A
authors: Motzik
authors: Hovav
authors: H
authors: Nechushtan
authors: Shen Yun
authors: SY
authors: Foo
authors: Ehud
authors: E
authors: Razin
mesh_terms: D000690:Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D006262:Health; D006801:Humans; D008250:Lysine-tRNA Ligase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010523:Peripheral Nervous System Diseases / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D008250:Lysine-tRNA Ligase
keywords: HIV; cell signaling; gene regulation; lysyl-tRNA synthetase