title: Adaptation and acclimatization to ocean acidification in marine ectotherms: an in situ transplant experiment with polychaetes at a shallow CO2 vent system.
abstract: Metabolic rate determines the physiological and life-history performances of ectotherms. Thus, the extent to which such rates are sensitive and plastic to environmental perturbation is central to an organism's ability to function in a changing environment. Little is known of long-term metabolic plasticity and potential for metabolic adaptation in marine ectotherms exposed to elevated pCO2. Consequently, we carried out a series of in situ transplant experiments using a number of tolerant and sensitive polychaete species living around a natural CO2 vent system. Here, we show that a marine metazoan (i.e. Platynereis dumerilii) was able to adapt to chronic and elevated levels of pCO2. The vent population of P. dumerilii was physiologically and genetically different from nearby populations that experience low pCO2, as well as smaller in body size. By contrast, different populations of Amphiglena mediterranea showed marked physiological plasticity indicating that adaptation or acclimatization are both viable strategies for the successful colonization of elevated pCO2 environments. In addition, sensitive species showed either a reduced or increased metabolism when exposed acutely to elevated pCO2. Our findings may help explain, from a metabolic perspective, the occurrence of past mass extinction, as well as shed light on alternative pathways of resilience in species facing ongoing ocean acidification.
authors: Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Marine Science and Engineering, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK. piero.calosi@plymouth.ac.uk
authors: Piero
authors: P
authors: Calosi
authors: Samuel P S
authors: SP
authors: Rastrick
authors: Chiara
authors: C
authors: Lombardi
authors: Heidi J
authors: HJ
authors: de Guzman
authors: Laura
authors: L
authors: Davidson
authors: Marlene
authors: M
authors: Jahnke
authors: Adriana
authors: A
authors: Giangrande
authors: Jörg D
authors: JD
authors: Hardege
authors: Anja
authors: A
authors: Schulze
authors: John I
authors: JI
authors: Spicer
authors: Maria-Cristina
authors: MC
authors: Gambi
mesh_terms: D000064:Acclimatization / Q000502:physiology*; D000220:Adaptation, Biological / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000032:analysis*; D004777:Environment; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D016014:Linear Models; D008522:Mediterranean Sea; D011077:Polychaeta / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry*; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide
keywords: adaptation; climate change; mass extinction; metabolic rate; ocean acidification; plasticity
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