title: Congenital anomalies at the craniovertebral junction-posterior fossa region: report of two cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Various combinations of bony and soft tissue anomalies have been described at the craniovertebral junction (CVJ). These include posterior fossa dermoids (with or without dermal sinuses) associated with Klippel-Feil anomalies and dermoids (no previous reports of overlying dermal sinuses) associated with bony anomalies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two patients with a combination of CVJ anomalies are described.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both patients had a posterior fossa dermoid, dermal sinus, and occipitalized C1 arch. Furthermore, one patient had a complex bony CVJ anomaly, and the other had a Klippel-Feil anomaly in addition. The clinical presentation and management are elucidated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients who present with any one of these lesions need to be evaluated for the existence of other congenital anomalies. These are complex malformations to treat.
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry, India.
authors: Venkatesh S
authors: VS
authors: Madhugiri
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors: Indira Devi
authors: ID
authors: Bhagavatula
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001269:Atlanto-Occipital Joint / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery*; D003388:Cranial Fossa, Posterior / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery*; D003884:Dermoid Cyst / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006261:Headache / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007714:Klippel-Feil Syndrome / Q000150:complications; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D019547:Neck Pain / Q000209:etiology; D011782:Quadriplegia / Q000209:etiology; D012600:Scoliosis / Q000209:etiology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014555:Urination Disorders / Q000209:etiology