title: Aboriginal people in remote communities in Arnhem Land (Northern Territory) restrict their smoking in some environments: Implications for developing and implementing interventions to reduce exposure to environmental tobacco smoke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In Arnhem Land's remote Aboriginal communities [Northern Territory], very high smoking rates and overcrowding mean high exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke. This study compared smokers who restrict their smoking in these environments with those who do not.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 2008-2009, 258 smokers (137 males and 121 females) aged ≥ 16 years, provided information permitting categorisation of those who 'RESTRICT' their smoking in the house, car or workplace from those who do 'NOT RESTRICT'. Univariable and multivariable logistic regressions compared 'RESTRICT' and 'NOT RESTRICT' groups by gender, age group, daily use, tobacco consumption, time-to-first-cigarette and quit intentions. Those in the 'RESTRICT' group explained their motivations, summarised using qualitative data analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Men were almost twice as likely to 'NOT RESTRICT' their smoking (odds ratio = 1.88, 95% confidence interval = 1.14-3.08, P = 0.013). Time-to-first-cigarette was the strongest predictor to 'NOT RESTRICT' in women (odds ratio = 3.48, 95% confidence interval = 1.44-8.41, P = 0.006) with daily consumption the strongest predictor in men (odds ratio = 3.15, 95% confidence interval = 1.39-7.18, P = 0.006). Men and women shared similar motivations for restricting smoking.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Smoke-free homes and workplaces are important opportunities to reduce exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke in remote Indigenous communities.
authors: School of Public Health, Tropical Medicine and Rehabilitation Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia.
authors: Leah C
authors: LC
authors: Stevenson
authors: India
authors: I
authors: Bohanna
authors: Jan A
authors: JA
authors: Robertson
authors: Alan R
authors: AR
authors: Clough
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D015876:Northern Territory / Q000453:epidemiology; D012737:Sex Factors; D061845:Smoke-Free Policy; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology*; D017132:Workplace; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution
keywords: Aboriginal; Australia; environmental tobacco smoke; remote community; smoking