title: Magnetic resonance imaging for assessment of parametrial tumour spread and regression patterns in adaptive cervix cancer radiotherapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the impact of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-morphologic differences in parametrial infiltration on tumour response during primary radiochemotherapy in cervical cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-five consecutive cervical cancer patients with FIGO stages IIB (n = 59) and IIIB (n = 26), treated by external beam radiotherapy (± chemotherapy) and image-guided adaptive brachytherapy, underwent T2-weighted MRI at the time of diagnosis and at the time of brachytherapy. MRI patterns of parametrial tumour infiltration at the time of diagnosis were assessed with regard to predominant morphology and maximum extent of parametrial tumour infiltration and were stratified into five tumour groups (TG): 1) expansive with spiculae; 2) expansive with spiculae and infiltrating parts; 3) infiltrative into the inner third of the parametrial space (PM); 4) infiltrative into the middle third of the PM; and 5) infiltrative into the outer third of the PM. MRI at the time of brachytherapy was used for identifying presence (residual vs. no residual disease) and signal intensity (high vs. intermediate) of residual disease within the PM. Left and right PM of each patient were evaluated separately at both time points. The impact of the TG on tumour remission status within the PM was analysed using χ(2)-test and logistic regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 170 PM were analysed. The TG 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 were present in 12%, 11%, 35%, 25% and 12% of the cases, respectively. Five percent of the PM were tumour-free. Residual tumour in the PM was identified in 19%, 68%, 88%, 90% and 85% of the PM for the TG 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively. The TG 3-5 had significantly higher rates of residual tumour in the PM in comparison to TG 1 + 2 (88% vs. 43%, p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MRI-morphologic features of PM infiltration appear to allow for prediction of tumour response during external beam radiotherapy and chemotherapy. A predominantly infiltrative tumour spread at the time of diagnosis resulted in a significantly higher rate of residual tumour in the PM at the time of brachytherapy in comparison to a predominantly expansive tumour spread.
authors: Department of Radiotherapy, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria.
authors: Maximilian P
authors: MP
authors: Schmid
authors: Elena
authors: E
authors: Fidarova
authors: Richard
authors: R
authors: Pötter
authors: Primoz
authors: P
authors: Petric
authors: Veronika
authors: V
authors: Bauer
authors: Veronika
authors: V
authors: Woehs
authors: Petra
authors: P
authors: Georg
authors: Kathrin
authors: K
authors: Kirchheiner
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Berger
authors: Christian
authors: C
authors: Kirisits
authors: Wolfgang
authors: W
authors: Dörr
authors: Johannes C A
authors: JC
authors: Dimopoulos
mesh_terms: D001918:Brachytherapy; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D059248:Chemoradiotherapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D061089:Radiotherapy, Image-Guided; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D047368:Tumor Burden; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy