title: Sex differences in biopsychosocial correlates of binge eating disorder: a study of treatment-seeking obese adults in primary care setting.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although community-based studies suggest equivalent levels of physical and psychological impairment by binge eating disorder (BED) in men and women, men with BED are still underrepresented in clinical studies. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive analysis of sex differences in biopsychosocial correlates of treatment-seeking obese patients with BED in primary care.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred-ninety obese adults (26% men) were recruited in primary care settings for a treatment study for obesity and BED.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Very few significant sex differences were found in the developmental history and in current levels of eating disorder features, as well as psychosocial factors. Women reported significantly earlier age at onset of overweight and dieting and greater frequency of dieting. Men reported more frequent strenuous exercise. Men were more likely than women to meet criteria for metabolic syndrome; men were more likely to show clinically elevated levels of triglycerides, blood pressure, and fasting glucose levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite few sex differences in behavioral and psychosocial factors, metabolic problems associated with obesity were more common among treatment-seeking obese men with BED than women. The findings highlight the importance of including men in clinical studies of BED and active screening of BED in obese men at primary care settings.
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. Electronic address: tomoko.udo@yale.edu.
authors: Tomoko
authors: T
authors: Udo
authors: Sherry A
authors: SA
authors: McKee
authors: Marney A
authors: MA
authors: White
authors: Robin M
authors: RM
authors: Masheb
authors: Rachel D
authors: RD
authors: Barnes
authors: Carlos M
authors: CM
authors: Grilo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D056912:Binge-Eating Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D004038:Diet, Reducing / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000523:psychology; D011320:Primary Health Care; D012737:Sex Factors
keywords: Binge eating; Gender; Metabolic syndrome; Obesity; Sex differences
references: Psychol Med. 2001 Nov;31(8):1455-66
references: 11722160
references: Can J Appl Sport Sci. 1985 Sep;10(3):141-6
references: 4053261
references: Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 2002 Apr;11(2):399-418, xi
references: 12109328
references: Int J Eat Disord. 2011 Nov;44(7):639-46
references: 21997428
references: J Pers. 2004 Apr;72(2):271-324
references: 15016066
references: Int J Eat Disord. 2005 Nov;38(3):257-62
references: 16211631
references: J Adolesc Health. 2003 Dec;33(6):427-35
references: 14642705
references: Med Care. 1992 Jun;30(6):473-83
references: 1593914
references: Eat Weight Disord. 2007 Mar;12(1):e19-23
references: 17384521
references: Obes Res. 1993 Jul;1(4):306-24
references: 16350580
references: Int J Eat Disord. 2007 Sep;40(6):481-7
references: 17573685
references: Arch Intern Med. 2003 Feb 24;163(4):427-36
references: 12588201
references: Curr Hypertens Rep. 2009 Apr;11(2):127-32
references: 19278602
references: Compr Psychiatry. 1994 May-Jun;35(3):185-90
references: 8045108
references: Med Care. 1994 Jan;32(1):40-66
references: 8277801
references: Obesity (Silver Spring). 2009 Mar;17(3):481-6
references: 19219063
references: Int J Eat Disord. 2013 Apr;46(3):208-11
references: 23233198
references: Med Care. 1993 Mar;31(3):247-63
references: 8450681
references: J Consult Clin Psychol. 2010 Jun;78(3):312-21
references: 20515207
references: Int J Eat Disord. 2002 Jul;32(1):72-8
references: 12183948
references: Int J Eat Disord. 2006 Mar;39(2):141-6
references: 16231349
references: Diabetes Care. 2001 Apr;24(4):683-9
references: 11315831
references: J Clin Psychol Med Settings. 2010 Mar;17(1):56-63
references: 20039194
references: Int J Eat Disord. 2004 Apr;35(3):348-53
references: 15048950
references: Int J Eat Disord. 2012 Mar;45(2):233-40
references: 22031213
references: J Consult Clin Psychol. 2012 Apr;80(2):186-95
references: 22201327
references: Int J Eat Disord. 1997 Jan;21(1):49-54
references: 8986517
references: Int J Eat Disord. 2013 May;46(4):375-80
references: 23355018
references: Int J Eat Disord. 2002 Jan;31(1):63-70
references: 11835299
references: Am J Clin Nutr. 2010 Jun;91(6):1568-73
references: 20427731
references: Am J Psychiatry. 1993 Oct;150(10):1472-9
references: 8379549
references: JAMA. 2001 May 16;285(19):2486-97
references: 11368702
references: Am J Psychiatry. 2001 Sep;158(9):1455-60
references: 11532731
references: Obes Res. 2004 Sep;12(9):1445-54
references: 15483209
references: Int J Eat Disord. 2007 Nov;40 Suppl:S15-21
references: 17584870
references: Biol Psychiatry. 2007 Feb 1;61(3):348-58
references: 16815322
references: Compr Psychiatry. 2013 Apr;54(3):209-16
references: 22943959
references: Int J Eat Disord. 2011 Jul;44(5):412-20
references: 20665700
references: Int J Eat Disord. 2000 May;27(4):381-9
references: 10744844
references: Prim Care Companion CNS Disord. 2011;13(2):
references: 21977358
references: J Consult Clin Psychol. 2001 Jun;69(3):383-8
references: 11495168