title: Assessment of the phenotype and functionality of porcine CD8 T cell responses following vaccination with live attenuated classical swine fever virus (CSFV) and virulent CSFV challenge.
abstract: Vaccination with live attenuated classical swine fever virus (CSFV) induces solid protection after only 5 days, which has been associated with virus-specific T cell gamma interferon (IFN-γ) responses. In this study, we employed flow cytometry to characterize T cell responses following vaccination and subsequent challenge infections with virulent CSFV. The CD3(+) CD4(-) CD8(hi) T cell population was the first and major source of CSFV-specific IFN-γ. A proportion of these cells showed evidence for cytotoxicity, as evidenced by CD107a mobilization, and coexpressed tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). To assess the durability and recall of these responses, a second experiment was conducted where vaccinated animals were challenged with virulent CSFV after 5 days and again after a further 28 days. While virus-specific CD4 T cell (CD3(+) CD4(+) CD8α(+)) responses were detected, the dominant response was again from the CD8 T cell population, with the highest numbers of these cells being detected 14 and 7 days after the primary and secondary challenges, respectively. These CD8 T cells were further characterized as CD44(hi) CD62L(-) and expressed variable levels of CD25 and CD27, indicative of a mixed effector and effector memory phenotype. The majority of virus-specific IFN-γ(+) CD8 T cells isolated at the peaks of the response after each challenge displayed CD107a on their surface, and subpopulations that coexpressed TNF-α and interleukin 2 (IL-2) were identified. While it is hoped that these data will aid the rational design and/or evaluation of next-generation marker CSFV vaccines, the novel flow cytometric panels developed should also be of value in the study of porcine T cell responses to other pathogens/vaccines.
authors: Virology Department, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Addlestone, United Kingdom.
authors: Giulia
authors: G
authors: Franzoni
authors: Nitin V
authors: NV
authors: Kurkure
authors: Daniel S
authors: DS
authors: Edgar
authors: Helen E
authors: HE
authors: Everett
authors: Wilhelm
authors: W
authors: Gerner
authors: Kikki B
authors: KB
authors: Bodman-Smith
authors: Helen R
authors: HR
authors: Crooke
authors: Simon P
authors: SP
authors: Graham
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000032:analysis; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D006691:Classical Swine Fever / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006692:Classical Swine Fever Virus / Q000276:immunology*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D013552:Swine; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D014765:Viral Vaccines
references: PLoS One. 2011;6(6):e21566
references: 21720558
references: J Virol Methods. 2005 Dec;130(1-2):36-44
references: 16055202
references: Vaccine. 2012 Jul 13;30(33):4907-20
references: 22658928
references: Dev Comp Immunol. 2009 Mar;33(3):310-20
references: 18601948
references: Vet Microbiol. 2010 Apr 21;142(1-2):34-40
references: 19854006
references: Vet Microbiol. 2009 Mar 30;135(3-4):222-30
references: 19013029
references: Vet Microbiol. 2003 Nov 7;96(4):367-84
references: 14599784
references: Vet Res. 2006 Jan-Feb;37(1):155-68
references: 16336932
references: Eur J Immunol. 2004 Apr;34(4):999-1010
references: 15048710
references: Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2011 Feb;18(2):280-8
references: 21177918
references: J Virol. 2012 Jun;86(12):6778-91
references: 22496228
references: Sci Transl Med. 2012 Jan 4;4(115):115ra1
references: 22218690
references: Vet Res. 2003 Jul-Aug;34(4):389-404
references: 12911856
references: Infect Immun. 2009 Dec;77(12):5501-8
references: 19797070
references: Vet Microbiol. 2010 Apr 21;142(1-2):51-8
references: 19896784
references: PLoS One. 2012;7(7):e42403
references: 22860124
references: Nature. 2011 May 26;473(7348):523-7
references: 21562493
references: PLoS One. 2012;7(1):e29310
references: 22235283
references: Dev Comp Immunol. 2013 May;40(1):51-68
references: 23352625
references: Dev Biol (Basel). 2003;114:259-67
references: 14677696
references: J Virol. 2002 Dec;76(24):12423-34
references: 12438568
references: Nature. 1999 Oct 14;401(6754):708-12
references: 10537110
references: PLoS One. 2011;6(7):e20775
references: 21779319
references: Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2009 Dec;16(12):1738-49
references: 19828769
references: J Gen Virol. 1995 Dec;76 ( Pt 12):3039-49
references: 8847509
references: Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2001 Dec;83(3-4):177-89
references: 11730928
references: Vet Microbiol. 2010 Apr 21;142(1-2):26-33
references: 19875252
references: J Immunol. 2011 Feb 15;186(4):2355-64
references: 21257961
references: Nat Rev Immunol. 2008 Apr;8(4):247-58
references: 18323851
references: Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2012 Nov 15;150(1-2):36-46
references: 22959286
references: J Gen Virol. 2005 Sep;86(Pt 9):2525-2534
references: 16099911
references: Vaccine. 2012 Apr 5;30(17):2742-8
references: 22366027
references: Vet Res. 2013 Mar 11;44:18
references: 23497134
references: J Immunol Methods. 2003 Oct 1;281(1-2):65-78
references: 14580882
references: APMIS. 2009 May;117(5-6):356-81
references: 19400862
references: Vet Microbiol. 2010 Jul 14;143(2-4):133-8
references: 20022716
references: J Immunol. 2009 Dec 15;183(12):7919-30
references: 19933869
references: Dev Comp Immunol. 2012 Oct;38(2):321-31
references: 22858410
references: J Immunol. 2011 Aug 1;187(3):1347-57
references: 21715686
references: Vet Microbiol. 2000 Apr 13;73(2-3):93-102
references: 10785320
references: Vaccine. 2007 Jul 26;25(30):5665-70
references: 17239502
references: J Exp Med. 2003 Nov 3;198(9):1369-80
references: 14581610
references: Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2005 Jul 15;106(3-4):197-208
references: 15963818
references: J Immunol Methods. 2003 Jul;278(1-2):145-55
references: 12957403
references: J Leukoc Biol. 2006 Aug;80(2):320-9
references: 16861617
references: PLoS One. 2011;6(12):e29194
references: 22216206
references: Nat Med. 2007 Jul;13(7):843-50
references: 17558415
references: Annu Rev Immunol. 1993;11:245-68
references: 8476561
references: J Virol. 2010 Feb;84(3):1536-49
references: 19923180
references: Immunity. 2010 Jan 29;32(1):91-103
references: 20096608
references: Nat Rev Immunol. 2002 Apr;2(4):251-62
references: 12001996
references: J Gen Virol. 2009 Feb;90(Pt 2):468-480
references: 19141458