title: Sedation and analgesia to facilitate mechanical ventilation.
abstract: Regardless of age, health care professionals have a professional and ethical obligation to provide safe and effective analgesia to patients undergoing painful procedures. Historically, newborns, particularly premature and sick infants, have been undertreated for pain. Intubation of the trachea and mechanical ventilation are ubiquitous painful procedures in the neonatal intensive care unit that are poorly assessed and treated. The authors review the use of sedation and analgesia to facilitate endotracheal tube placement and mechanical ventilation. Controversies regarding possible adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes after sedative and anesthetic exposure and in the failure to treat pain is also discussed.
authors: Department of Anesthesiology, The Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. nemergut.michael@mayo.edu
authors: Michael E
authors: ME
authors: Nemergut
authors: Myron
authors: M
authors: Yaster
authors: Christopher E
authors: CE
authors: Colby
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003000:Clonidine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D015931:Intensive Care, Neonatal / Q000379:methods; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000379:methods*; D007649:Ketamine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008874:Midazolam / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019148:Neuromuscular Blockade / Q000379:methods; D010146:Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D007649:Ketamine; D003000:Clonidine; D008874:Midazolam
keywords: Analgesia; Anesthesia; Intubation; Mechanical ventilation; NICU; Sedation