title: Maternal obesity enhances white adipose tissue differentiation and alters genome-scale DNA methylation in male rat offspring.
abstract: The risk of obesity (OB) in adulthood is strongly influenced by maternal body composition. Here we examined the hypothesis that maternal OB influences white adipose tissue (WAT) transcriptome and increases propensity for adipogenesis in the offspring, prior to the development of OB, using an established model of long-term metabolic programming. Employing an overfeeding-based rat model, in which exposure to OB is limited to preconception and gestation alone, we conducted global transcriptomic profiling in WAT, and gene/protein expression analysis of lipogenic and adipogenic pathways and examined adipogenic differentiation of WAT stromal-vascular cells ex vivo. Using reduced representation bisulfite sequencing we also evaluated genome-scale changes in DNA methylation in offspring WAT. Maternal OB led to extensive changes in expression of genes (± 1.8-fold, P ≤ .05), revealing a distinct up-regulation of lipogenic pathways in WAT. mRNA expression of a battery of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1-regulated genes was increased in OB-dam offspring, which were confirmed by immunoblotting. In conjunction with lipogenic gene expression, OB-dam offspring showed increased glucose transporter-4 mRNA/protein expression and greater AKT phosphorylation following acute insulin challenge, suggesting sensitization of insulin signaling in WAT. Offspring of OB dams also exhibited increased in vivo expression of adipogenic regulators (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, CCAAT enhancer binding protein α [C/EBP-α] and C/EBP-β), associated with greater ex vivo differentiation of WAT stromal-vascular cells. These transcriptomic changes were associated with alterations in DNA methylation of CpG sites and CGI shores, proximal to developmentally important genes, including key pro-adipogenic factors (Zfp423 and C/EBP-β). Our findings strongly suggest that the maternal OB in utero alters adipocyte commitment and differentiation via epigenetic mechanisms.
authors: Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, 15 Children's Way, Slot 512-20B, Little Rock, Arkansas 72202. ShankarKartik@uams.edu.
authors: Sarah J
authors: SJ
authors: Borengasser
authors: Ying
authors: Y
authors: Zhong
authors: Ping
authors: P
authors: Kang
authors: Forrest
authors: F
authors: Lindsey
authors: Martin J J
authors: MJ
authors: Ronis
authors: Thomas M
authors: TM
authors: Badger
authors: Horacio
authors: H
authors: Gomez-Acevedo
authors: Kartik
authors: K
authors: Shankar
mesh_terms: D052436:Adipose Tissue, White / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D019175:DNA Methylation / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D016678:Genome; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D050155:Lipogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015398:Signal Transduction; D059467:Transcriptome
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin
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