title: Campylobacteriosis in returning travellers and potential secondary transmission of exotic strains.
abstract: Multilocus sequence types (STs) were determined for 232 and 737 Campylobacter jejuni/coli isolates from Dutch travellers and domestically acquired cases, respectively. Putative risk factors for travel-related campylobacteriosis, and for domestically acquired campylobacteriosis caused by exotic STs (putatively carried by returning travellers), were investigated. Travelling to Asia, Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean, and Southern Europe significantly increased the risk of acquiring campylobacteriosis compared to travelling within Western Europe. Besides eating chicken, using antacids, and having chronic enteropathies, we identified eating vegetable salad outside Europe, drinking bottled water in high-risk destinations, and handling/eating undercooked pork as possible risk factors for travel-related campylobacteriosis. Factors associated with domestically acquired campylobacteriosis caused by exotic STs involved predominantly person-to-person contacts around popular holiday periods. We concluded that putative determinants of travel-related campylobacteriosis differ from those of domestically acquired infections and that returning travellers may carry several exotic strains that might subsequently spread to domestic populations even through limited person-to-person transmission.
authors: Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Mughini-Gras
authors: Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
authors: J H
authors: JH
authors: Smid
authors: Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors: J A
authors: JA
authors: Wagenaar
authors: Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen UR, Lelystad, The Netherlands.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: DE Boer
authors: Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
authors: A H
authors: AH
authors: Havelaar
authors: Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
authors: I H M
authors: IH
authors: Friesema
authors: Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
authors: N P
authors: NP
authors: French
authors: Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Graziani
authors: Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Busani
authors: Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
authors: W
authors: W
authors: Van Pelt
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002167:Campylobacter / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D002169:Campylobacter Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D058885:Multilocus Sequence Typing; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D013045:Species Specificity; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014195:Travel
references: Epidemiol Infect. 2012 Dec;140(12):2247-55
references: 22370165
references: PLoS Genet. 2008 Sep 26;4(9):e1000203
references: 18818764
references: J Antimicrob Chemother. 2009 Aug;64(2):424-7
references: 19454522
references: Emerg Infect Dis. 2009 Sep;15(9):1402-8
references: 19788807
references: Epidemiol Infect. 2010 Oct;138(10):1372-83
references: 20141645
references: Appl Environ Microbiol. 2007 Jan;73(1):148-55
references: 17085689
references: BMC Infect Dis. 2004 Nov 29;4(1):54
references: 15569393
references: J Clin Microbiol. 1988 Nov;26(11):2465-6
references: 3069867
references: Emerg Infect Dis. 2003 Feb;9(2):267-70
references: 12604004
references: Epidemiol Infect. 2008 Sep;136(9):1244-52
references: 18028582
references: PLoS One. 2012;7(8):e42599
references: 22880049
references: J Clin Microbiol. 1999 Dec;37(12):4158-60
references: 10565952
references: JAMA. 1996 Feb 21;275(7):533-8
references: 8606474
references: Emerg Infect Dis. 2003 Oct;9(10):1219-25
references: 14609455
references: Epidemiol Infect. 2013 Feb;141(2):293-302
references: 22717051
references: Epidemiol Infect. 2010 Dec;138(12):1744-7
references: 20587120
references: J Appl Microbiol. 2007 Jan;102(1):144-52
references: 17184329
references: BMC Infect Dis. 2012 Apr 01;12:80
references: 22462563
references: J Clin Microbiol. 2003 Dec;41(12):5593-7
references: 14662946
references: Am J Epidemiol. 2004 Feb 15;159(4):406-12
references: 14769645
references: BMC Infect Dis. 2011 Oct 29;11:295
references: 22035314
references: Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Sep;8(9):937-42
references: 12194770
references: Crit Rev Microbiol. 2009;35(1):1-22
references: 19514906
references: BMC Public Health. 2011 Jan 12;11:32
references: 21226938
references: PLoS One. 2013;8(2):e55029
references: 23405107
references: Int J Food Microbiol. 2012 Jun 1;156(3):231-8
references: 22541392
references: J Clin Microbiol. 2009 Jul;47(7):1996-2007
references: 19439549
references: Epidemiol Infect. 2010 Oct;138(10):1391-404
references: 20223048
references: J Appl Microbiol. 2007 Aug;103(2):280-8
references: 17650187
references: J Clin Microbiol. 1999 Oct;37(10):3370-3
references: 10488210
references: Int J Food Microbiol. 2007 Jun 10;117(1):106-11
references: 17399832
references: J Infect Dis. 2009 Apr 15;199(8):1205-8
references: 19265482
references: Trends Microbiol. 2001 Apr;9(4):181-5
references: 11286883
references: BMC Infect Dis. 2005 Aug 23;5:66
references: 16117832
references: Epidemiol Infect. 2006 Jun;134(3):617-26
references: 16638166
references: Am J Epidemiol. 2003 Aug 1;158(3):234-42
references: 12882945
references: J Travel Med. 1996 Jun 1;3(2):77-79
references: 9815428
references: Epidemiol Infect. 2013 Jun;141(6):1267-75
references: 22989449
references: Clin Exp Immunol. 2000 Oct;122(1):55-60
references: 11012618
references: J Clin Microbiol. 2001 Jan;39(1):14-23
references: 11136741