title: Prevalence and type distribution of human papillomavirus among 1813 men in Tanzania and the relationship to HIV status.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Infection with high-risk (HR) human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with penile cancer in men, cervical cancer in women, and anal cancer and certain types of head and neck cancers in both sexes. Few studies have assessed the prevalence and type distribution of HPV among men in sub-Saharan Africa, where the rates of HIV and penile and cervical cancer are high.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used data from a cross-sectional study among 1813 men in Tanzania. Penile samples were tested using Hybrid Capture 2, and genotyping was done by the INNO-LiPA HPV Genotyping Extra test. Blood samples were tested for HIV. The overall and type-specific prevalence and 95% confidence interval of HPV was estimated in relation to age and HIV status.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall prevalence of HPV was 20.5% (95% confidence interval, 18.7-22.4), the most prevalent HR HPV types being HPV52, HPV51, HPV16, HPV18, HPV35, and HPV66. The HR HPV prevalence was significantly higher in HIV-positive men (25.7%) than in HIV-negative men (15.8%; P = 0.0027). The prevalence of HPV16, HPV18 and multiple HR HPVs tended to be higher among HIV-positive men (statistically nonsignificant), whereas no differences were observed for the other HPV types.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found a high prevalence of HPV types 52, 51, 16, 18, 35, and 66. This information is of relevance in the understanding of HPV type distributions across populations. Although the prevalence of HPV16 and HPV18 was slightly higher among HIV-positive men, our results indicate that HIV status does not strongly influence the distribution of HPV types. Therefore, the currently available HPV vaccines could prevent HPV infection independently of HIV status.
authors: Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors: Tina Bech
authors: TB
authors: Olesen
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Iftner
authors: Julius
authors: J
authors: Mwaiselage
authors: Crispin
authors: C
authors: Kahesa
authors: Vibeke
authors: V
authors: Rasch
authors: Twalib
authors: T
authors: Ngoma
authors: Christian
authors: C
authors: Munk
authors: Susanne Krüger
authors: SK
authors: Kjaer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003710:Demography; D005838:Genotype; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines; D010409:Penile Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D015995:Prevalence; D015229:Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D013045:Species Specificity; D013636:Tanzania / Q000453:epidemiology; D014766:Viremia; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines