title: Goldenhar syndrome and medulloblastoma: a coincidental association? The first case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Features of Goldenhar syndrome include several craniofacial anomalies of structures derived from the first and second pharyngeal arches, as well as vertebral, cardiac and renal systems abnormalities. In addition, Goldenhar patients were reported to manifest a variety of central nervous system anomalies and several types of neoplasias.
  The first case of medulloblastoma in a patient with Goldenhar syndrome is presented here. There is no clear association between these two pathologies. We speculate that aberrant events during the migration of neural crest cells in early stages of development could be the basis of an association between medulloblastoma and Goldenhar syndrome. The case history suggests other possible etiological contributing factors to the development of medulloblastoma, such as patient's history of trauma and/or early childhood exposure to ionizing radiation.
authors: Orthodontic and Craniofacial Department, School of Graduate Dentistry, Rambam Health Care Campus, P.O. Box 9602, Haifa 31096, Israel. Electronic address: aizenbud@ortho.co.il.
authors: Dror
authors: D
authors: Aizenbud
authors: Orthodontic and Craniofacial Department, School of Graduate Dentistry, Rambam Health Care Campus, P.O. Box 9602, Haifa 31096, Israel.
authors: Natasha V
authors: NV
authors: Shoham
authors: Pediatric Neurosurgery Department, Dana Children's Hospital, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors: Shlomi
authors: S
authors: Constantini
authors: Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Department, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.
authors: Neta
authors: N
authors: Nevo
authors: Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Department, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.
authors: Myriam
authors: M
authors: Ben Arush
authors: Department of Pathology, Tel Aviv - Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors: Michal
authors: M
authors: Raz
authors: Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.
authors: Adi
authors: A
authors: Rachmiel
authors: MRI Unit, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.
authors: Dorit
authors: D
authors: Goldsher
mesh_terms: D002528:Cerebellar Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics; D002886:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17 / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D020546:Fourth Ventricle / Q000473:pathology; D006053:Goldenhar Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000209:etiology; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018404:Isochromosomes / Q000235:genetics; D019656:Loss of Heterozygosity / Q000235:genetics; D008527:Medulloblastoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics
keywords: Goldenhar syndrome; Medulloblastoma; Neurocristopathies; Radiation exposure; Trauma