title: Persistent organic pollutants and hyperuricemia in the U.S. general population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Background exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) has emerged as a new risk factor for metabolic syndrome (MetS), while hyperuricemia is associated with MetS through unclear mechanisms.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We examined cross-sectional data for consistency with the hypothesis that POPs are a common underlying risk factor of both MetS and hyperuricemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated associations of POPs with hyperuricemia in subjects aged ≥20 years in the population-based National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2004. Sample size was n = 1331 for organochlorine (OC) pesticides and n = 1299 for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among all subjects, the risk of hyperuricemia was higher for higher serum concentrations of OC pesticides, PCDDs, and dioxin-like PCBs. PCDFs and nondioxin-like PCBs did not show any clear trend. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for OC pesticides, PCDDs, and dioxin-like PCBs were 1.0, 2.4, 2.3, 3.0, and 2.5 (P trend = 0.05), 1.0, 1.6, 1.4, 2.1, and 2.5 (P trend = 0.01), and 1.0, 1.3, 1.4, 1.3, and 2.4 (P trend = 0.04). When we restricted the analyses to subjects without MetS, all these associations appeared to strengthen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study is consistent with our hypothesis that the risk of hyperuricemia relates to background exposure to a mixture of POPs even among persons without MetS. There should be further research about whether avoiding exposure to POPs and otherwise decreasing body burden of POPs would be helpful to prevent or manage hyperuricemia or gout.
authors: Department of Preventative Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Jung-gu, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
authors: Yu-Mi
authors: YM
authors: Lee
authors: Sang-Geun
authors: SG
authors: Bae
authors: Seon-Hwa
authors: SH
authors: Lee
authors: David R
authors: DR
authors: Jacobs
authors: Duk-Hee
authors: DH
authors: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001572:Benzofurans / Q000097:blood; D002713:Chlorine / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D000072338:Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; D004147:Dioxins / Q000097:blood; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D033461:Hyperuricemia / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D016017:Odds Ratio; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000097:blood; D010575:Pesticides / Q000097:blood; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000097:blood; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001572:Benzofurans; D000072338:Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; D004147:Dioxins; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D010575:Pesticides; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; D002713:Chlorine; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls
keywords: CDC; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Dioxin; Hyperuricemia; LOD; MetS; NHANES; National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; OC pesticides; ORs; Organochlorine pesticides; PCBs; PCDDs; PCDFs; POPs; Persistent organic pollutants; Polychlorinated biphenyls; TEFs; UA; limit of detection; metabolic syndrome; odds ratios; organochlorine pesticides; persistent organic pollutants; polychlorinated biphenyls; polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins; polychlorinated dibenzofurans; toxic equivalency factors; uric acid