title: Lysine succinylation is a frequently occurring modification in prokaryotes and eukaryotes and extensively overlaps with acetylation.
abstract: Recent studies have shown that lysines can be posttranslationally modified by various types of acylations. However, except for acetylation, very little is known about their scope and cellular distribution. We mapped thousands of succinylation sites in bacteria (E. coli), yeast (S. cerevisiae), human (HeLa) cells, and mouse liver tissue, demonstrating widespread succinylation in diverse organisms. A majority of succinylation sites in bacteria, yeast, and mouse liver were acetylated at the same position. Quantitative analysis of succinylation in yeast showed that succinylation was globally altered by growth conditions and mutations that affected succinyl-coenzyme A (succinyl-CoA) metabolism in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, indicating that succinylation levels are globally affected by succinyl-CoA concentration. We preferentially detected succinylation on abundant proteins, suggesting that succinylation occurs at a low level and that many succinylation sites remain unidentified. These data provide a systems-wide view of succinylation and its dynamic regulation and show its extensive overlap with acetylation.
authors: The NNF Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors: Brian T
authors: BT
authors: Weinert
authors: Christian
authors: C
authors: Schölz
authors: Sebastian A
authors: SA
authors: Wagner
authors: Vytautas
authors: V
authors: Iesmantavicius
authors: Dan
authors: D
authors: Su
authors: Jeremy A
authors: JA
authors: Daniel
authors: Chunaram
authors: C
authors: Choudhary
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation; D000214:Acyl Coenzyme A / Q000378:metabolism*; D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002952:Citric Acid Cycle; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000378:metabolism; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008239:Lysine / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D020543:Proteome / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000378:metabolism; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000214:Acyl Coenzyme A; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D020543:Proteome; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; C012046:succinyl-coenzyme A; D008239:Lysine