title: Imipenem/cilastatin sodium (IPM/CS) as an embolic agent for transcatheter arterial embolisation: a preliminary clinical study of gastrointestinal bleeding from neoplasms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the feasibility and usefulness of imipenem/cilastatin sodium (IPM/CS) as an embolic agent for intestinal bleeding from neoplasms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven patients who underwent 11 transarterial embolisations (TAEs) using IPM/CS as an embolic material for duodenal or small/large intestinal tumour bleeding from January 2004 to December 2011 were retrospectively evaluated. A mixture of IPM/CS and contrast medium was introduced through the microcatheter positioned at the feeding artery to the tumour until extravasation disappeared or stasis of blood flow to the tumour staining was observed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Haemostasis was obtained in all patients. Therefore, the technical success rate was 100%. Rebleeding was observed in four patients. All of them underwent repeat TAE using IPM/CS, and haemostasis was obtained successfully. No complication was identified following laboratory and clinical examinations. No haemorrhagic death occurred. Haemorrhagic parameters, including blood haemoglobin and the amount of blood transfusion, improved after TAE.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The safety, feasibility, and effectiveness of TAE using IPM/CS as an embolic material for intestinal bleeding from neoplasms were suggested by this study. The mild embolic effect of IPM/CS may be adequate for oozing from tumours. Although rebleeding may occur after embolotherapy using IPM/CS, repeat embolisation is effective as treatment for rebleeding.
authors: Department of Radiology, National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara National Hospital, 18-1, Sakuradai, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanawaga, 252-0392 Japan.
authors: Reiko
authors: R
authors: Woodhams
authors: Hiroshi
authors: H
authors: Nishimaki
authors: Go
authors: G
authors: Ogasawara
authors: Kaoru
authors: K
authors: Fujii
authors: Takuro
authors: T
authors: Yamane
authors: Kenichiro
authors: K
authors: Ishida
authors: Fumie
authors: F
authors: Kashimi
authors: Keiji
authors: K
authors: Matsunaga
authors: Masakazu
authors: M
authors: Takigawa
keywords: Bleeding; Embolisation; IPM/CS; Neoplasm
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