title: Can demineralized enamel surfaces be bonded safely?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate and compare the effects of enamel demineralization, microabrasion therapy and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) application on the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets bonded to enamel surfaces and enamel color.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty freshly extracted human maxillary premolar teeth were allocated to one of the four groups. Brackets were bonded directly to non-demineralized enamel surfaces in Group I (control group), directly to the demineralized enamel surfaces in Group II, to demineralized enamel surfaces after CPP-ACP application in Group III and to demineralized enamel surfaces after microabrasion therapy in Group IV. The samples were stored in water for 24 h at 37°C and then underwent thermocycling. The SBS in megapascals (MPa) was determined by a shear test with 0.5 mm/min crosshead speed and failure types were classified with modified adhesive remnant index scores. The data were analyzed with one-way analyses of variance (ANOVA), Tukey and chi-square tests at the α = 0.05 level.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant differences were found among the four groups (F = 21.57, p < 0.01). No significant difference was found between Group I and III (17.12 ± 2.84 and 15.08 ± 3.42 MPa, respectively) or between Group III and IV (12.82 ± 2.64 MPa). The lowest SBS value was determined in Group II (5.88 ± 2.12 MPa). Enamel demineralization, microabrasion therapy and CPP-ACP application affected enamel color significantly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CPP-ACP application and microabrasion therapy are able to increase the decreased SBS of orthodontic brackets because of enamel demineralization.
authors: Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Selçuk , Konya, Turkey.
authors: Mehmet
authors: M
authors: Akin
authors: Zeliha Muge
authors: ZM
authors: Baka
authors: Zehra
authors: Z
authors: Ileri
authors: Faruk Ayhan
authors: FA
authors: Basciftci
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003743:Dental Enamel; D006801:Humans; D008903:Minerals / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D008903:Minerals