title: Phototropin 2 is involved in blue light-induced anthocyanin accumulation in Fragaria x ananassa fruits.
abstract: Anthocyanins are widespread, essential secondary metabolites in higher plants during color development in certain flowers and fruits. In strawberries, anthocyanins are also key contributors to fruit antioxidant capacity and nutritional value. However, the effects of different light qualities on anthocyanin accumulation in strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa, cv. Sachinoka) fruits remain elusive. In the present study, we showed the most efficient increase in anthocyanin content occurred by blue light irradiation. Light sensing at the molecular level was investigated by isolation of two phototropin (FaPHOT1 and FaPHOT2), two cryptochrome (FaCRY1 and FaCRY2), and two phytochrome (FaPHYA and FaPHYB) homologs. Expression analysis revealed only FaPHOT2 transcripts markedly increased depending on fruit developmental stage, and a corresponding increase in anthocyanin content was detected. FaPHOT2 knockdown resulted in decreased anthocyanin content; however, overexpression increased anthocyanin content. These findings suggested blue light induced anthocyanin accumulation, and FaPHOT2 may play a role in sensing blue light, and mediating anthocyanin biosynthesis in strawberry fruits. This is the first report to find a relationship between visible light sensing, and color development in strawberry fruits.
authors: Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokushima, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.
authors: Yasuko
authors: Y
authors: Kadomura-Ishikawa
authors: Katsuyuki
authors: K
authors: Miyawaki
authors: Sumihare
authors: S
authors: Noji
authors: Akira
authors: A
authors: Takahashi
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000378:metabolism; D031985:Fragaria / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D005638:Fruit; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D008027:Light; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D056949:Phototropins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010802:Phylogeny; D010858:Pigmentation; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D000975:Antioxidants; D005419:Flavonoids; D056949:Phototropins
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