title: Ultrasound assisted dialysis of semi-permeable membrane devices for the simultaneous analysis of a wide number of persistent organic pollutants.
abstract: A new procedure based on ultrasound assisted dialysis (UAD) for the simultaneous and quantitative extraction of a wide number of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) or some other organochlorinated pesticides (OCPs) contained in semi-permeable membrane devices (SPMDs) has been developed. This extraction technique combines the advantages of the organic solvent dialysis (OSD) and the speed of the ultrasound assisted extraction. The extraction was performed in an ultrasound bath for 32 min placing the SPMD in a glass flask covered with 80 mL of hexane. This set-up is able to extract simultaneously up to 8 samples. The proposed method entails good repeatabilities (RSD 2-13%) and recoveries (around 100% for almost every analyte). Limits of detection were at ng SPMD(-1) level and enough for the determination of the target analytes in a slightly polluted aquatic environment, as it was tested by successfully comparing the OSD to the proposed methodology. Therefore, the results obtained show that the UAD can be a good alternative for the extraction of POPs in SPMDs as it requires short extraction times and solvent volumes, and provides a cleaner extract for the subsequent clean-up step. Moreover, it fits better than the OSD to the general requirements of Green Chemistry.
authors: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, E-48940 Leioa, Basque Country, Spain. julen.bustamante@ehu.es
authors: Julen
authors: J
authors: Bustamante
authors: Patricia
authors: P
authors: Navarro
authors: Gorka
authors: G
authors: Arana
authors: Alberto
authors: A
authors: de Diego
authors: Juan Manuel
authors: JM
authors: Madariaga
mesh_terms: D003956:Dialysis / Q000379:methods; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D006586:Hexanes / Q000737:chemistry; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000032:analysis*; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis*; D020959:Polyethylene; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013010:Sonication; D013030:Spain; D014304:Triolein; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D006586:Hexanes; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D012997:Solvents; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014304:Triolein; C026385:n-hexane; D020959:Polyethylene
keywords: Dialysis; Extraction; POP; SPMD; Ultrasound