title: IV. NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery (CB): measuring language (vocabulary comprehension and reading decoding).
abstract: Mastery of language skills is an important predictor of daily functioning and health. Vocabulary comprehension and reading decoding are relatively quick and easy to measure and correlate highly with overall cognitive functioning, as well as with success in school and work. New measures of vocabulary comprehension and reading decoding (in both English and Spanish) were developed for the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery (CB). In the Toolbox Picture Vocabulary Test (TPVT), participants hear a spoken word while viewing four pictures, and then must choose the picture that best represents the word. This approach tests receptive vocabulary knowledge without the need to read or write, removing the literacy load for children who are developing literacy and for adults who struggle with reading and writing. In the Toolbox Oral Reading Recognition Test (TORRT), participants see a letter or word onscreen and must pronounce or identify it. The examiner determines whether it was pronounced correctly by comparing the response to the pronunciation guide on a separate computer screen. In this chapter, we discuss the importance of language during childhood and the relation of language and brain function. We also review the development of the TPVT and TORRT, including information about the item calibration process and results from a validation study. Finally, the strengths and weaknesses of the measures are discussed.
authors: Richard C
authors: RC
authors: Gershon
authors: Jerry
authors: J
authors: Slotkin
authors: Jennifer J
authors: JJ
authors: Manly
authors: David L
authors: DL
authors: Blitz
authors: Jennifer L
authors: JL
authors: Beaumont
authors: Deborah
authors: D
authors: Schnipke
authors: Kathleen
authors: K
authors: Wallner-Allen
authors: Roberta Michnick
authors: RM
authors: Golinkoff
authors: Jean Berko
authors: JB
authors: Gleason
authors: Kathy
authors: K
authors: Hirsh-Pasek
authors: Marilyn Jager
authors: MJ
authors: Adams
authors: Sandra
authors: S
authors: Weintraub
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D032882:Comprehension / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009316:National Institutes of Health (U.S.); D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000592:standards*; D011932:Reading; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult
references: Neuropsychologia. 2007 Jun 18;45(11):2519-24
references: 17482218
references: Monogr Soc Res Child Dev. 1994;59(5):1-173; discussion 174-85
references: 7845413
references: Dev Sci. 2008 Nov;11(6):F31-9
references: 19046145
references: Trends Cogn Sci. 1998 Aug 1;2(8):281-8
references: 21227210
references: J Pers Soc Psychol. 2004 Jan;86(1):162-73
references: 14717634
references: Clin Neuropsychol. 2006 Sep;20(3):432-52
references: 16895857
references: Science. 1999 Jan 1;283(5398):77-80
references: 9872745
references: Dev Psychol. 2005 Mar;41(2):428-42
references: 15769197
references: Nat Rev Neurosci. 2004 Nov;5(11):831-43
references: 15496861
references: Appl Neuropsychol. 2004;11(1):37-46
references: 15471745
references: Cogn Psychol. 1996 Aug;31(1):41-81
references: 8812021
references: Child Dev. 2004 Jul-Aug;75(4):1067-84
references: 15260865
references: Annu Rev Neurosci. 2008;31:511-34
references: 18558865
references: J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 1991 Nov;13(6):933-49
references: 1779032
references: Arch Intern Med. 2005 Sep 26;165(17):1946-52
references: 16186463
references: Cereb Cortex. 2003 Feb;13(2):170-7
references: 12507948
references: J Anat. 2000 Oct;197 Pt 3:335-59
references: 11117622
references: Cognition. 2008 Apr;107(1):151-78
references: 17959161
references: Science. 1996 Dec 13;274(5294):1926-8
references: 8943209
references: Lancet Neurol. 2010 Feb;9(2):138-9
references: 20129161
references: Percept Mot Skills. 2001 Apr;92(2):381-90
references: 11361297
references: Semin Speech Lang. 2004 Feb;25(1):113-5
references: 15088237
references: Ann Dyslexia. 2010 Jun;60(1):1-17
references: 20033795
references: J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 1999 Mar;5(3):191-202
references: 10217919