title: Effect of ensiling treatment on secondary compounds and amino acid profile of tropical forage legumes, and implications for their pig feeding potential.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Smallholders in the tropics depend on local protein supplements to balance pig diets. Thus, various tropical forage legumes are a potential feeding option. Ensiling allows converting forages into a ready-to-feed-out choice, but the lactic acid fermentation may influence various (anti)nutritional components. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of sucrose (SU) and a tropical Lactobacillus plantarum strain (LAB) as ensiling treatments (control, SU, LAB, LAB + SU) on the potential nutrient availability of 10 forage legume species.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ensiling commonly reduced antinutritional compounds such as tannins (by 49-84%) and trypsin inhibitory activity (by 74-78%), as well as oxalic acid (by 51-100%). An improved potential absorbability of protein and minerals for pigs is thus inferred. There was no major loss in total amino acids. In general, the species effect was stronger than the treatment effect. A clear effect of the treatments SU, LAB and LAB + SU over all 10 forage species was only observed for oxalic acid, single amino acids and trypsin inhibitory activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ensiling is a viable option to enhance nutrient utilization of tropical forages for pigs. Species-specific treatment of forage legumes is recommended.
authors: International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Tropical Forages, Cali, Colombia; Saxon State Office for Environment, Agriculture and Geology, Department of Animal Production, 04886, Köllitsch, Germany.
authors: Siriwan D
authors: SD
authors: Martens
authors: Sandra
authors: S
authors: Hoedtke
authors: Patricia
authors: P
authors: Avila
authors: Sonja N
authors: SN
authors: Heinritz
authors: Annette
authors: A
authors: Zeyner
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000032:analysis*; D000822:Animal Husbandry; D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D004032:Diet; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000032:analysis; D007887:Fabaceae / Q000145:classification; D005285:Fermentation; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D048191:Lactiplantibacillus plantarum / Q000378:metabolism; D009753:Nutritive Value; D019815:Oxalic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D012820:Silage / Q000032:analysis* / Q000382:microbiology; D013045:Species Specificity; D013395:Sucrose / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine; D013634:Tannins / Q000032:analysis; D014329:Tropical Climate; D014357:Trypsin
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D013634:Tannins; D019344:Lactic Acid; D013395:Sucrose; D019815:Oxalic Acid; D014357:Trypsin
keywords: amino acids; antinutritional factors; condensed tannins; silage; tropical forage legumes; trypsin inhibitory activity