title: Intrathecal baclofen therapy in children with severe spasticity: Outcome and complications.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate clinical efficacy and incidence of complications regarding intrathecal baclofen (ITB) therapy in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective medical chart review of 15 paediatric patients with congenital brain injuries who underwent ITB implantation for treatment of severe spasticity between 2003 and 2009.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to the preoperative state, ITB therapy significantly reduced spasticity of lower limbs with corresponding decrease of the modified Ashworth scale (p < 0.05), while baclofen dosage increased (p = 0.001). Cobb angle of patients with scoliosis prior to ITB therapy (n = 8) increased significantly (p < 0.05) during follow-up. Overall, 10 complications (nine device related and one accidental) were found in six patients (40%), mostly emerging within the first three years after implantation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intrathecal baclofen is an effective therapy option for paediatric patients to significantly reduce spasticity of lower limbs. The high incidence of complications implicates the need for a close monitoring of the patients especially in the early post-operative period.
authors: Neuro-Urology, Spinal Cord Injury Centre & Research, University of Zurich, Balgrist University Hospital , Zurich , Switzerland .
authors: Matthias
authors: M
authors: Walter
authors: Stefan
authors: S
authors: Altermatt
authors: Claudia
authors: C
authors: Furrer
authors: Andreas
authors: A
authors: Meyer-Heim
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001418:Baclofen / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000150:complications; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007260:Infusion Pumps; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D008297:Male; D009125:Muscle Relaxants, Central / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009128:Muscle Spasticity / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011184:Postoperative Period; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012600:Scoliosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D009125:Muscle Relaxants, Central; D001418:Baclofen
keywords: Cerebral palsy; congenital brain injury; paediatric