title: High rates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis among socially marginalized immigrants in low-incidence area, 1991-2010, Italy.
abstract: Migration from low- and middle-income countries to high-income countries increasingly determines the severity of tuberculosis (TB) cases in the adopted country. Socially marginalized groups, about whom little is known, may account for a reservoir of TB among the immigrant populations. We investigated the rates of and risk factors for Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission, infection, and disease in a cohort of 27,358 socially marginalized immigrants who were systematically screened (1991-2010) in an area of Italy with low TB incidence. Overall TB and latent TB infection prevalence and annual tuberculin skin testing conversion rates (i.e., incidence of new infection) were 2.7%, 34.6%, and 1.7%, respectively. Prevalence of both TB and latent TB infection and incidence of infection increased as a function of the estimated TB incidence in the immigrants' countries of origin. Annual infection incidence decreased with time elapsed since immigration. These findings have implications for control policy and immigrant screening in countries with a low prevalence of TB.
authors: International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
authors: Iacopo
authors: I
authors: Baussano
authors: Silvio
authors: S
authors: Mercadante
authors: Manish
authors: M
authors: Pareek
authors: Ajit
authors: A
authors: Lalvani
authors: Massimiliano
authors: M
authors: Bugiani
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Italy; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; bacteria; immigrants; latent tuberculosis; prevalence; transmission; tuberculosis; tuberculosis and other mycobacteria
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