title: Cellulolytic potential of thermophilic species from four fungal orders.
abstract: Elucidation of fungal biomass degradation is important for understanding the turnover of biological materials in nature and has important implications for industrial biomass conversion. In recent years there has been an increasing interest in elucidating the biological role of thermophilic fungi and in characterization of their industrially useful enzymes. In the present study we investigated the cellulolytic potential of 16 thermophilic fungi from the three ascomycete orders Sordariales, Eurotiales and Onygenales and from the zygomycete order Mucorales thus covering all fungal orders that include thermophiles. Thermophilic fungi are the only described eukaryotes that can grow at temperatures above 45°C. All 16 fungi were able to grow on crystalline cellulose but their secreted enzymes showed widely different cellulolytic activities, pH optima and thermostabilities. Interestingly, in contrast to previous reports, we found that some fungi such as Melanocarpus albomyces readily grew on crystalline cellulose and produced cellulases. These results indicate that there are large differences in the cellulolytic potential of different isolates of the same species. Furthermore, all the selected species were able to degrade cellulose but the differences in cellulolytic potential and thermostability of the secretome did not correlate to the taxonomic position. PCR amplification and sequencing of 22 cellulase genes from the fungi showed that the level of thermostability of the cellulose-degrading activity could not be inferred from the phylogenetic relationship of the cellulases.
authors: Department of Biotechnology Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Aalborg University, A,C, Meyers Vænge 15, 2450 Copenhagen, SV, Denmark. pkb@bio.aau.dk.
authors: Peter Kamp
authors: PK
authors: Busk
authors: Lene
authors: L
authors: Lange
references: Biotechnol Bioeng. 2008 Oct 15;101(3):515-28
references: 18512263
references: BMC Genomics. 2011 Jan 17;12:38
references: 21241472
references: J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol. 2011 Apr;38(4):541-55
references: 20711629
references: PLoS One. 2011;6(11):e27807
references: 22132148
references: Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2000 Sep;64(3):461-88
references: 10974122
references: Biotechnol Bioeng. 2010 Aug 1;106(5):707-20
references: 20564609
references: Environ Microbiol. 2012 Jun;14(6):1477-87
references: 22469289
references: Biotechnol Prog. 2003 May-Jun;19(3):936-44
references: 12790660
references: Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2007 Jan;73(6):1331-9
references: 17021873
references: J Basic Microbiol. 2002;42(1):55-66
references: 11930943
references: Appl Environ Microbiol. 2011 Oct;77(19):7007-15
references: 21821740
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Sep 13;108(37):15079-84
references: 21876164
references: Bioinformatics. 2007 Nov 1;23(21):2947-8
references: 17846036
references: Appl Environ Microbiol. 2002 Nov;68(11):5765-8
references: 12406778
references: Protein Expr Purif. 2004 Dec;38(2):248-57
references: 15555940
references: J Biotechnol. 1999 Jan 22;67(2-3):85-97
references: 9990729
references: Nucleic Acids Res. 2011 Jan;39(Database issue):D225-9
references: 21109532
references: Arch Biochem Biophys. 2002 Aug 15;404(2):243-53
references: 12147262
references: Fungal Biol. 2012 Apr;116(4):489-502
references: 22483047
references: Methods Mol Biol. 2009;581:213-31
references: 19768625
references: Protein Eng Des Sel. 2010 Feb;23(2):69-79
references: 19951999
references: Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol. 2007;108:121-45
references: 17589813
references: Nucleic Acids Res. 2008 Jul 1;36(Web Server issue):W465-9
references: 18424797
references: Nat Biotechnol. 2011 Oct 02;29(10):922-7
references: 21964414
references: Curr Opin Struct Biol. 1997 Oct;7(5):637-44
references: 9345621
references: Arch Biochem Biophys. 1989 Nov 1;274(2):491-500
references: 2508562
references: Nucleic Acids Res. 2005 Nov 27;33(20):e179
references: 16314309
references: Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2003 Nov;63(1):42-50
references: 12830328
references: Crit Rev Biotechnol. 2010 Dec;30(4):302-9
references: 20868219
references: Biotechnol Bioeng. 1979 Aug;21(8):1361-71
references: 110377
references: J Gen Microbiol. 1990 Oct;136(10):1967-71
references: 2269871
references: Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2000 Apr;53(4):461-8
references: 10803904
references: Biotechnol Biofuels. 2012 Jul 28;5(1):54
references: 22839529
references: Enzyme Microb Technol. 2001 May 7;28(7-8):689-695
references: 11339954
references: BMC Biotechnol. 2011 Jun 25;11:70
references: 21702990
references: J Biol Chem. 2000 Jan 21;275(3):1966-75
references: 10636899
references: Appl Microbiol. 1975 Aug;30(2):276-81
references: 16350026
references: Int J Biol Sci. 2009 Sep 04;5(6):578-95
references: 19774110
references: Nucleic Acids Res. 1997 Sep 1;25(17):3389-402
references: 9254694
references: Can J Microbiol. 2000 Aug;46(8):749-52
references: 10941523
references: Biochem J. 2001 Jan 1;353(Pt 1):117-127
references: 11115405
references: Appl Environ Microbiol. 1986 May;51(5):1041-6
references: 16347049
references: Enzyme Res. 2011;2011:280696
references: 21912738
references: Biochemistry. 2010 Apr 20;49(15):3305-16
references: 20230050