title: Sealing ability of mineral trioxide aggregate, calcium phosphate and polymethylmethacrylate bone cements on root ends prepared using an Erbium: Yttriumaluminium garnet laser and ultrasonics evaluated by confocal laser scanning microscopy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Surgical endodontic therapy comprises of exposure of the involved root apex, resection of the apical end of the root, preparation of a class I cavity, and insertion of a root end filling material. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is now the gold standard among all root end filling materials. MTA is however difficult to handle, expensive and has a very slow setting reaction.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  (1) To compare the sealing ability of MTA, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement and CHITRA Calcium phosphate cement (CPC) when used as root end filling material using Rhodamine B dye evaluated under a confocal laser scanning microscope. (2) To compare the seal of root ends prepared using an ultrasonic retroprep tip and an Er: YAG laser using three different root end filling materials.
  
  
  METHODS
  Statistical analysis was performed using a one-way ANOVA and a two-way ANOVA, independent samples t-test and Scheffe's post hoc test using SPSS Version 16 for Windows.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All the three materials, namely MTA, PMMA BONE CEMENT and CHITRA CPC, showed microleakage. Comparison of microleakage showed maximum peak value of 0.86 mm for MTA, 0.24 mm for PMMA bone cement and 1.37 mm for CHITRA CPC. The amount of dye penetration was found to be lesser in root ends prepared using Er: YAG laser when compared with ultrasonics, but the difference was found to be not statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PMMA bone cement is a better material as root end filling material to prevent apical microleakage. MTA still continues to be a gold standard root end filling material showing minimum microleakage. Er: YAG laser is a better alternative to ultrasonics for root end preparations.
authors: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Coorg Institute of Dental Science, Virajpet, Karnataka, India.
authors: C Sabari
authors: CS
authors: Girish
authors: Kc
authors: K
authors: Ponnappa
authors: Tn
authors: T
authors: Girish
authors: Mc
authors: M
authors: Ponappa
keywords: CHITRA calcium phosphate cement; Er: YAG laser mineral trioxide aggregate; confocal scanning laser microscope; polymethylmethacrylate; polymethylmethacrylate bone cement; root end filling materials
references: Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2010 Apr;109(4):e77-82
references: 20303051
references: Int Endod J. 1998 Sep;31(5):348-53
references: 9823138
references: Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1994 Feb;(299):293-7
references: 8119032
references: J Endod. 2010 Jun;36(6):1056-60
references: 20478465
references: Acta Odontol Latinoam. 2010;23(1):53-7
references: 20645644
references: J Endod. 1993 Dec;19(12):591-5
references: 8151252
references: Indian J Dent Res. 2009 Oct-Dec;20(4):471-9
references: 20139574
references: J Appl Oral Sci. 2009 Nov-Dec;17(6):596-9
references: 20027433
references: Iran Endod J. 2009 Fall;4(4):144-8
references: 24019836
references: Adv Dent Res. 1997 Nov;11(4):453-61
references: 9470504
references: J Oral Sci. 2010 Mar;52(1):77-81
references: 20339236
references: J Endod. 2010 Jan;36(1):16-27
references: 20003930