title: Developing physical activity interventions for adults with spinal cord injury. Part 1: a comparison of social cognitions across actors, intenders, and nonintenders.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This article is the first in a three-part series focused on designing theory-based interventions to increase leisure time physical activity (LTPA) in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI). The purpose of this first study was to compare social cognitions for LTPA between people classified as LTPA actors, intenders, and nonintenders, as per Schwarzer's Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 238 men and women living with a SCI (M age = 44.14, SD = 12.74; 44.5% paraplegic) who were subsequently classified as LTPA actors (n = 105), intenders (n = 73), or nonintenders (n = 60). Participants completed a questionnaire that assessed the following HAPA constructs: LTPA outcome expectancies, self-efficacy, intentions, planning, and action control.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A MANCOVA revealed significant between-groups differences for all variables (ps < .001). For all of the measures, actors scored significantly higher than intenders who, in turn, scored significantly higher than nonintenders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is both theoretically and practically important to distinguish between LTPA nonintenders, intenders, and actors when developing LTPA-enhancing interventions for people with SCI. These distinctions inform the design and testing of the interventions reported in the two accompanying articles.
authors: Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8S 4K1. martink@mcmaster.ca
authors: Kathleen A Martin
authors: KA
authors: Ginis
authors: Jennifer R
authors: JR
authors: Tomasone
authors: Amy E
authors: AE
authors: Latimer-Cheung
authors: Kelly P
authors: KP
authors: Arbour-Nicitopoulos
authors: Rebecca L
authors: RL
authors: Bassett-Gunter
authors: Dalton L
authors: DL
authors: Wolfe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003469:Culture; D056348:Emotional Intelligence; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007206:Individuality; D033182:Intention; D007899:Leisure Activities; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D010264:Paraplegia / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D011582:Psychological Theory; D011782:Quadriplegia / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D012047:Rehabilitation Centers; D020377:Self Efficacy; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014836:Volition