title: Mixed infection by fowlpox virus and Chlamydophila psittaci in a commercial laying hen flock.
abstract: An outbreak of fowlpox occurred in a commercial laying hen flock in one of the western provinces of Poland. Clinical signs suggested fowlpox and the diagnosis was confirmed by histopathological detection of Bollinger bodies within the epithelial cells. Detailed ultrastructural examination revealed an additional concurrent infection with chlamydia-like particles. The particles were identified by PCR as fowlpox virus and Chlamydophila psittaci. It is worth noting that both pathogens can generate morphologic forms capable of prolonged survival and inducing latent and persistent infection. We suggest a possible interaction between the two pathogens on ultrastructural level and assess the clinical consequences of the mixed infection. This study also demonstrates a potential of the transmission electron microscope (TEM) for identifying a superinfection with another pathogen (in this case C. psittaci), which may remain undetected by routine techniques.
authors: National Veterinary Research Institute Department of Pathology Partyzantów Avenue 57 24-100 Puławy Poland National Veterinary Research Institute - State Veterinary Institute Puławy Poland.
authors: Teresa Agnieszka
authors: TA
authors: Karpińska
authors: National Veterinary Research Institute Department of Pathology Partyzantów Avenue 57 24-100 Puławy Poland National Veterinary Research Institute - State Veterinary Institute Puławy Poland.
authors: Wojciech
authors: W
authors: Kozaczyński
authors: National Veterinary Research Institute - State Veterinary Institute Puławy Poland.
authors: Krzysztof
authors: K
authors: Niemczuk
authors: National Veterinary Research Institute Department of Pathology Partyzantów Avenue 57 24-100 Puławy Poland National Veterinary Research Institute - State Veterinary Institute Puławy Poland.
authors: Agnieszka
authors: A
authors: Jasik
authors: National Veterinary Research Institute Department of Pathology Partyzantów Avenue 57 24-100 Puławy Poland National Veterinary Research Institute - State Veterinary Institute Puławy Poland.
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Kycko
authors: National Veterinary Research Institute Department of Pathology Partyzantów Avenue 57 24-100 Puławy Poland National Veterinary Research Institute - State Veterinary Institute Puławy Poland.
authors: Michał
authors: M
authors: Reichert
keywords: Chlamydophila psittaci; Fowlpox virus; clinical aspects; co-infection; electron microscopy; laying hen