title: Antimicrobial, antioxidant activities and total phenolic content of Thai medicinal plants used to treat HIV patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Opportunistic infections in AIDs patients is the leading cause of death in among them. HIV infection was reported as causes of increasing oxidative stress which may lead to progress of many syndrome. Thus medicinal plants as demonstrated antimicrobial and antioxidant activities would be therapeutic values to treat opportunistic infections of AIDs patients.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate antibacterial, antioxidant activities and total phenolic contents of five Thai medicinal plants using by Thai traditional doctors to treat opportunistic infections of AIDs patients such as Dioscorea bulbifera L. (DB), Momordica charantia L. (MC), Caricapapaya L. (female and male trees, CPF and CPM) and Phyllanthus amarus Schum & Thonn. (PA).
  
  
  METHODS
  The ethanolic and water extracts of those herbs were tested. For antioxidant method was measured using DPPH radical scavenging assay, anti-microbial activity using disc diffusion assay and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by using the modified resazurin assay against four species of micro-organisms: Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. Total phenolic content was determined by Folin-Ciocalteau colorimetric method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For water extract of PA showed the highest antibacterial activity against S. aureus (MIC value = 0.625 mg/ml). The ethanolic extract of MC showed the highest activity against B. subtilis (MIC = 0.625 mg/ml). Only ethanolic extract of DB inhibited growth of E. coli (MIC = 5 mg/ml) it also inhibited growth of gram positive bacteria such as S. aureus and B. subtilis with the same MIC values (2.5 mg/ml). No plant extracts showed activity against C. albicans. The ethanolic extract of CPM, PA and DB and the water extract of PA showed high antioxidant activity (EC50 of 8.48, 9.54, 11.07 and 11.37 microg/ml, respectively). The water extract of PA and the ethanolic extract of DB, CPM showed high total phenolic content of 262.54, 106.26 and 83.78 mg/g, respectively. The total phenolic content of these extracts correlated with DPPH radical scavenging activity, while only ethanolic extract of PA showed high antioxidant activity (9.54 microg/ml) but it contain low phenolic content (45.50 mg/g).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings support the usage of the these plants to treat opportunistic infection of Thai traditional doctors in AIDs patients. Thus, it is recommended that the isolation of pure active antibacterial and antioxidant from these plant extracts should be carried on.
authors: Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand.
authors: Jitpisute
authors: J
authors: Chunthorng-Orn
authors: Sumalee
authors: S
authors: Panthong
authors: Arunporn
authors: A
authors: Itharat
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003124:Colorimetry; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008518:Medicine, East Asian Traditional; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D010636:Phenols