title: Enhanced spontaneous oscillations in the supplementary motor area are associated with sleep-dependent offline learning of finger-tapping motor-sequence task.
abstract: Sleep is beneficial for various types of learning and memory, including a finger-tapping motor-sequence task. However, methodological issues hinder clarification of the crucial cortical regions for sleep-dependent consolidation in motor-sequence learning. Here, to investigate the core cortical region for sleep-dependent consolidation of finger-tapping motor-sequence learning, while human subjects were asleep, we measured spontaneous cortical oscillations by magnetoencephalography together with polysomnography, and source-localized the origins of oscillations using individual anatomical brain information from MRI. First, we confirmed that performance of the task at a retest session after sleep significantly increased compared with performance at the training session before sleep. Second, spontaneous δ and fast-σ oscillations significantly increased in the supplementary motor area (SMA) during post-training compared with pretraining sleep, showing significant and high correlation with the performance increase. Third, the increased spontaneous oscillations in the SMA correlated with performance improvement were specific to slow-wave sleep. We also found that correlations of δ oscillation between the SMA and the prefrontal and between the SMA and the parietal regions tended to decrease after training. These results suggest that a core brain region for sleep-dependent consolidation of the finger-tapping motor-sequence learning resides in the SMA contralateral to the trained hand and is mediated by spontaneous δ and fast-σ oscillations, especially during slow-wave sleep. The consolidation may arise along with possible reorganization of a larger-scale cortical network that involves the SMA and cortical regions outside the motor regions, including prefrontal and parietal regions.
authors: Department of Cognitive, Linguistic, and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
authors: Masako
authors: M
authors: Tamaki
authors: Tsung-Ren
authors: TR
authors: Huang
authors: Yuko
authors: Y
authors: Yotsumoto
authors: Matti
authors: M
authors: Hämäläinen
authors: Fa-Hsuan
authors: FH
authors: Lin
authors: José E
authors: JE
authors: Náñez
authors: Takeo
authors: T
authors: Watanabe
authors: Yuka
authors: Y
authors: Sasaki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001683:Biological Clocks / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004576:Electromyography; D019054:Evoked Potentials, Motor / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005385:Fingers / Q000294:innervation; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D015225:Magnetoencephalography; D008297:Male; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D017286:Polysomnography; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*
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