title: The effect of glycemic control on Candida colonization of the tongue and the subgingival plaque in patients with type II diabetes and periodontitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Identify the relationship between the tongue and subgingival plaque Candida colonization, and its relationship to the quality of glycemic control (assessed by glycosylated hemoglobin) and other confounders, in type II diabetics who have periodontitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Candida species were isolated from the tongue and subgingival plaque of the 2 deepest periodontal pockets from 78 patients, and were identified by RapID Yeast Plus System. Student's t test, χ(2) test or Fisher's exact test, analysis of variance, multivariate logistic regression analysis, and Spearman's correlation test were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Candida species colonized 46 (59%) and 38 (48.7%) of the patients tongue and subgingival plaque, respectively. Subgingival Candida was more prevalent in females than males (P = .041). The quality of glycemic control correlated with the prevalence of subgingival Candida (P = .047) and the severity of gingival disease (P = .047).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Poor glycemic control and female gender may be associated with increased subgingival Candida in patients with type II diabetes.
authors: Department of Preventive Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
authors: Mohammad M
authors: MM
authors: Hammad
authors: Azmi M G
authors: AM
authors: Darwazeh
authors: Majdy M
authors: MM
authors: Idrees
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002175:Candida / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000382:microbiology*; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D005881:Gingiva / Q000382:microbiology*; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D012737:Sex Factors; D014059:Tongue / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin