title: Cytochrome p450 metabolism of betel quid-derived compounds: implications for the development of prevention strategies for oral and pharyngeal cancers.
abstract: Betel quid (BQ) products, with or without tobacco, have been classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as group I human carcinogens that are associated with an elevated risk of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) and cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx. There are estimated 600 million BQ users worldwide. In Taiwan alone there are 2 million habitual users (approximately 10% of the population). Oral and pharyngeal cancers result from interactions between genes and environmental factors (BQ exposure). Cytochrome p450 (CYP) families are implicated in the metabolic activation of BQ- and areca nut-specific nitrosamines. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge base regarding CYP genetic variants and related oral disorders. In clinical applications, we focus on cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx and OPMDs associated with CYP gene polymorphisms, including CYP1A1, CYP2A6, CYP2E1, and CYP26B1. Our discussion of CYP polymorphisms provides insight into the importance of screening tests in OPMDs patients for the prevention of oral and pharyngeal cancers. Future studies will establish a strong foundation for the development of chemoprevention strategies, polymorphism-based clinical diagnostic tools (e.g., specific single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) "barcodes"), and effective treatments for BQ-related oral disorders.
authors: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chi Mei Hospital, Liouying 736, Taiwan.
authors: Che-Yi
authors: CY
authors: Lin
authors: Tien-Szu
authors: TS
authors: Pan
authors: Chun-Chan
authors: CC
authors: Ting
authors: Shih-Shin
authors: SS
authors: Liang
authors: Shu-Hung
authors: SH
authors: Huang
authors: Hsiu-Yueh
authors: HY
authors: Liu
authors: Edward Cheng-Chuan
authors: EC
authors: Ko
authors: Chung-Wei
authors: CW
authors: Wu
authors: Jen-Yang
authors: JY
authors: Tang
authors: Ping-Ho
authors: PH
authors: Chen
mesh_terms: D001114:Areca / Q000737:chemistry*; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000633:toxicity; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010610:Pharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013624:Taiwan
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System
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