title: Comparative evaluation of gum-elastic bougie and introducer tool as aids in positioning of ProSeal laryngeal mask airway in patients with simulated restricted neck mobility.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The ProSeal laryngeal mask airway (PLMA) is a unique laryngeal mask with a modified cuff to improve seal and a channel to facilitate gastric tube placement. This is a better device in difficult airway situations compared to classic laryngeal mask airway. This prompted us to study the ease of insertion and positioning of PLMA in patients with simulated restricted neck mobility while using gum elastic bougie (GEB) group or introducer tool (group IT) to aid insertion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty ASA I or II patients, aged between 18 years and 60 years, undergoing minor non-head and neck surgeries in the supine position were studied. A rigid neck collar was used to simulate restricted neck mobility in all patients. After anaesthetising the patients with a standard protocol, the PLMA was inserted using either of the technique using the tongue depressor to open the mouth. The ease of insertion, positioning, haemodynamic responses to insertion and other complications related to the procedure were noted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Regarding demographic variables, both groups were similar. The mean time taken for insertion of PLMA in group GEB was 67.80 s as compared to 46.79 s in group IT (P<0.05). Patients of group GEB had better positioning assessed by an intubating fiberscope with less end tidal carbon-di-oxide (ETCO2) values. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were similar. The incidence of sore throat, dysphagia, and dysphonia were higher in IT group in the 12 h, but similar in 24 h.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Guided insertion technique with GEB took a longer time, but had a better positioning and lower ETCO2 values when compared to IT technique.
authors: Department of Anaesthesiology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Puducherry, India.
authors: Jennyl
authors: J
authors: Maclean
authors: Dk
authors: D
authors: Tripathy
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Parthasarathy
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Ravishankar
keywords: Difficult airway; ProSeal laryngeal mask; gum elastic bougie; simulation
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