title: Consequences of domain insertion on sequence-structure divergence in a superfold.
abstract: Although the universe of protein structures is vast, these innumerable structures can be categorized into a finite number of folds. New functions commonly evolve by elaboration of existing scaffolds, for example, via domain insertions. Thus, understanding structural diversity of a protein fold evolving via domain insertions is a fundamental challenge. The haloalkanoic dehalogenase superfamily serves as an excellent model system wherein a variable cap domain accessorizes the ubiquitous Rossmann-fold core domain. Here, we determine the impact of the cap-domain insertion on the sequence and structure divergence of the core domain. Through quantitative analysis on a unique dataset of 154 core-domain-only and cap-domain-only structures, basic principles of their evolution have been uncovered. The relationship between sequence and structure divergence of the core domain is shown to be monotonic and independent of the corresponding type of domain insert, reflecting the robustness of the Rossmann fold to mutation. However, core domains with the same cap type share greater similarity at the sequence and structure levels, suggesting interplay between the cap and core domains. Notably, results reveal that the variance in structure maps to α-helices flanking the central β-sheet and not to the domain-domain interface. Collectively, these results hint at intramolecular coevolution where the fold diverges differentially in the context of an accessory domain, a feature that might also apply to other multidomain superfamilies.
authors: Bioinformatics Graduate Program, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
authors: Chetanya
authors: C
authors: Pandya
authors: Shoshana
authors: S
authors: Brown
authors: Ursula
authors: U
authors: Pieper
authors: Andrej
authors: A
authors: Sali
authors: Debra
authors: D
authors: Dunaway-Mariano
authors: Patricia C
authors: PC
authors: Babbitt
authors: Yu
authors: Y
authors: Xia
authors: Karen N
authors: KN
authors: Allen
mesh_terms: D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006867:Hydrolases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D008958:Models, Molecular; D016254:Mutagenesis, Insertional; D010802:Phylogeny; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D017510:Protein Folding; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary
chemical_list: D006867:Hydrolases; C046137:haloalkane dehalogenase
keywords: HAD superfamily; directed evolution; phosphoryl transferase; protein evolution; structural bioinformatics
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