title: Antigenic and molecular characterization of avian influenza A(H9N2) viruses, Bangladesh.
abstract: Human infection with avian influenza A(H9N2) virus was identified in Bangladesh in 2011. Surveillance for influenza viruses in apparently healthy poultry in live-bird markets in Bangladesh during 2008-2011 showed that subtype H9N2 viruses are isolated year-round, whereas highly pathogenic subtype H5N1 viruses are co-isolated with subtype H9N2 primarily during the winter months. Phylogenetic analysis of the subtype H9N2 viruses showed that they are reassortants possessing 3 gene segments related to subtype H7N3; the remaining gene segments were from the subtype H9N2 G1 clade. We detected no reassortment with subtype H5N1 viruses. Serologic analyses of subtype H9N2 viruses from chickens revealed antigenic conservation, whereas analyses of viruses from quail showed antigenic drift. Molecular analysis showed that multiple mammalian-specific mutations have become fixed in the subtype H9N2 viruses, including changes in the hemagglutinin, matrix, and polymerase proteins. Our results indicate that these viruses could mutate to be transmissible from birds to mammals, including humans.
authors: St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Department of Infectious Diseases, MS 330, 262 Danny Thomas Pl, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
authors: Karthik
authors: K
authors: Shanmuganatham
authors: Mohammed M
authors: MM
authors: Feeroz
authors: Lisa
authors: L
authors: Jones-Engel
authors: Gavin J D
authors: GJ
authors: Smith
authors: Mathieu
authors: M
authors: Fourment
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Walker
authors: Laura
authors: L
authors: McClenaghan
authors: S M Rabiul
authors: SM
authors: Alam
authors: M Kamrul
authors: MK
authors: Hasan
authors: Patrick
authors: P
authors: Seiler
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Franks
authors: Angie
authors: A
authors: Danner
authors: Subrata
authors: S
authors: Barman
authors: Pamela
authors: P
authors: McKenzie
authors: Scott
authors: S
authors: Krauss
authors: Richard J
authors: RJ
authors: Webby
authors: Robert G
authors: RG
authors: Webster
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D001459:Bangladesh / Q000453:epidemiology; D002645:Chickens; D005814:Genes, Viral; D006801:Humans; D053127:Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D015995:Prevalence; D011784:Quail
chemical_list: D000956:Antigens, Viral
keywords: Bangladesh; H5N1; H7N3; H9N2; avian influenza; avian influenza A(H9N2) viruses; influenza; molecular characterization; reassortants; respiratory infections; transmission; viruses; zoonoses
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