title: Cytokine removal on extracorporeal life support for treatment of acute endotoxemia: a randomized controlled animal study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We prospectively evaluated the effectiveness of resin adsorption incorporated in an extracorporeal life support (ELS) circuit in an animal model of sepsis for removal of cytokines and prevention of hemodynamic deterioration during the treatment of septic shock.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve female landrace pigs were randomly assigned to two groups, a study group(n=6), treated with high-flow resin adsorption (300 mL/min) and ELS, and a control group (n=6), treated only with ELS. Septic shock was induced by intravenous 0.02 μg/kg/min infusion was of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Measurements were carried out in the study group at baseline, at the end of LPS injection(t0) at 30(t1), 60(t2), 90(t3) and 120 min (t4) and 60 min after stopping resin-adsorption (t5). In the control group measurements were performed at baseline (t0), t1 and only t2, as no control animal survived beyond this latter experimental timepoint.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The final population consisted of 9 animals, five in the study group and 4 in the control group. Plasma values of both tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were reduced during resin-adsorption (t1-t4) while these mediators increased in controls undergoing ELS only. With a clearance of TNF-α of 15,233 pg/min and IL-6 of 10,233 pg/min, 79.2% of TNF-α and 95.3% of IL-6 produced were adsorbed. Systemic vascular resistance decreased significantly in both groups at t0. While it further was reduced during the control experiments at t1 and t2, it returned to normal in the study animals. Cardiac output increased at t0, t1 and t2 in the control experiments. In contrast, in study animals after a peak at t0, it returned to the baseline value and did not vary thereafter.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combined resin-adsorption and ELS improved hemodynamics resulting from effective removal of inflammatory mediators in a pig model of septic shock.
authors: Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht - CARIM, Maastricht University Medical Centre, The Netherlands.
authors: Patrick W
authors: PW
authors: Weerwind
authors: Frederik H
authors: FH
authors: van der Veen
authors: Sandro
authors: S
authors: Gelsomino
authors: Naveen Gaddehosur
authors: NG
authors: Nagaraj
authors: Orlando
authors: O
authors: Parise
authors: Roberto
authors: R
authors: Lorusso
authors: Gian Franco
authors: GF
authors: Gensini
authors: Jos G
authors: JG
authors: Maessen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D019446:Endotoxemia / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D005112:Extracorporeal Circulation; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology*; D006440:Hemofiltration / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013552:Swine; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines
keywords: Cytokine removal; Extracorporeal life support; Resin adsorption; Sepsis