title: Mycobacterial Etiology of Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Association with HIV Infection and Multidrug Resistance in Northern Nigeria.
abstract: Objective. Data on pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) complex in Nigeria are limited. We investigated species of MTB complex in TB cases from northern Nigeria. Methods. New TB suspects were enrolled, screened for HIV and their sputum samples were cultured after routine microscopy. Genotypes MTBC and MTBDRplus were used to characterize the MTB complex species and their resistance to isoniazid and rifampicin. Results. Of the 1,603 patients enrolled, 375 (23%) had MTB complex infection: 354 (94.4%) had Mycobacterium tuberculosis; 20 (5.3%) had Mycobacterium africanum; and one had Mycobacterium bovis (0.3%). Cases were more likely to be male (AOR = 1.87, 95% CI : 1.42-2.46; P ≤ 0.001), young (AOR = 2.03, 95% CI : 1.56-2.65; P ≤ 0.001) and have HIV (AOR = 1.43, 95% CI : 1.06-1.92; P = 0.032). In 23 patients (6.1%), the mycobacterium was resistant to at least one drug, and these cases were more likely to have HIV and prior TB treatment (AOR = 3.62, 95% CI : 1.51-8.84; P = 0.004; AOR : 4.43; 95% CI : 1.71-11.45 P = 0.002 resp.), compared to cases without any resistance. Conclusion. Mycobacterium tuberculosis remained the predominant specie in TB in this setting followed by Mycobacterium africanum while Mycobacterium bovis was rare. The association of TB drug resistance with HIV has implications for TB treatment.
authors: Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 725 West Lombard Street S424, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
authors: Gambo
authors: G
authors: Aliyu
authors: Samer S
authors: SS
authors: El-Kamary
authors: Alash'le
authors: A
authors: Abimiku
authors: Nicholas
authors: N
authors: Ezati
authors: Iwakun
authors: I
authors: Mosunmola
authors: Laura
authors: L
authors: Hungerford
authors: Clayton
authors: C
authors: Brown
authors: Kathleen J
authors: KJ
authors: Tracy
authors: Joshua
authors: J
authors: Obasanya
authors: William
authors: W
authors: Blattner
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