title: Enhanced recovery in gynecologic surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of enhanced recovery (a multimodal perioperative care enhancement protocol) in patients undergoing gynecologic surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive patients managed under an enhanced recovery pathway and undergoing cytoreduction, surgical staging, or pelvic organ prolapse surgery between June 20, 2011, and December 20, 2011, were compared with consecutive historical controls (March to December 2010) matched by procedure. Wilcoxon rank-sum, χ, and Fisher's exact tests were used for comparisons. Direct medical costs incurred in the first 30 days were obtained from the Olmsted County Healthcare Expenditure and Utilization Database and standardized to 2011 Medicare dollars.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 241 enhanced recovery women in the case group (81 cytoreduction, 84 staging, and 76 vaginal surgery) were compared with women in the control groups. In the cytoreductive group, patient-controlled anesthesia use decreased from 98.7% to 33.3% and overall opioid use decreased by 80% in the first 48 hours with no change in pain scores. Enhanced recovery resulted in a 4-day reduction in hospital stay with stable readmission rates (25.9% of women in the case group compared with 17.9% of women in the control group) and 30-day cost savings of more than $7,600 per patient (18.8% reduction). No differences were observed in rate (63% compared with 71.8%) or severity of postoperative complications (grade 3 or more: 21% compared with 20.5%). Similar, albeit less dramatic, improvements were observed in the other two cohorts. Ninety-five percent of patients rated satisfaction with perioperative care as excellent or very good.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Implementation of enhanced recovery was associated with acceptable pain management with reduced opioids, reduced length of stay with stable readmission and morbidity rates, good patient satisfaction, and substantial cost reductions.
  
  
  METHODS
  II.
authors: Division of Gynecologic Surgery, the Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital Pharmacy Services, the Department of Nursing, the Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, and the Department of Health Sciences, Division of Health Care Policy and Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
authors: Eleftheria
authors: E
authors: Kalogera
authors: Jamie N
authors: JN
authors: Bakkum-Gamez
authors: Christopher J
authors: CJ
authors: Jankowski
authors: Emanuel
authors: E
authors: Trabuco
authors: Jenna K
authors: JK
authors: Lovely
authors: Sarah
authors: S
authors: Dhanorker
authors: Pamela L
authors: PL
authors: Grubbs
authors: Amy L
authors: AL
authors: Weaver
authors: Lindsey R
authors: LR
authors: Haas
authors: Bijan J
authors: BJ
authors: Borah
authors: April A
authors: AA
authors: Bursiek
authors: Michael T
authors: MT
authors: Walsh
authors: William A
authors: WA
authors: Cliby
authors: Sean C
authors: SC
authors: Dowdy
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005833:Genital Neoplasms, Female / Q000601:surgery*; D013509:Gynecologic Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D056887:Pelvic Organ Prolapse / Q000601:surgery*; D019990:Perioperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies
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