title: Opioid-sparing effect of intravenous paracetamol after percutaneous nephrolithotomy: a double-blind randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate meperidine-sparing effect of intravenous (IV) paracetamol in patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL).
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred patients who underwent PCNL were randomized to paracetamol (n=50) and placebo (n=50) groups. Patients received 100 mL of physiologic saline with or without 1 g IV paracetamol every 8 hours after PCNL up to 24 hours in the paracetamol and placebo groups, respectively. Patients in both groups received intramuscular meperidine in case of unrelieved pain. The visual analog scale (VAS) was used to evaluate pain intensity scores in the postoperative period. Total meperidine consumption, mean VAS score in the first 6 and 24 hours, demographic variables, operative variables, and side effects were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean VAS pain intensity scores at 6 and 24 hours were 50.22 and 41.32 mm in the paracetamol and 75.29 or 65.5 mm in the placebo group (P<0.001). The mean consumed meperidine dose was 54.40 mg and 77.60 mg in the paracetamol and placebo groups, respectively (P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, IV paracetamol significantly reduced total meperidine consumption and pain intensity scores compared with placebo. IV paracetamol can be an effective and safe part of multimodal analgesia regimes for postoperative pain management after PCNL.
authors: 1 Hasheminejad Clinical Research Development Center, Hasheminejad Kidney Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran .
authors: Robab
authors: R
authors: Maghsoudi
authors: Meghdad
authors: M
authors: Tabatabai
authors: Mohammad Hadi
authors: MH
authors: Radfar
authors: Gholamreza
authors: G
authors: Movasagi
authors: Masoud
authors: M
authors: Etemadian
authors: Mohsen
authors: M
authors: Shati
authors: Mohsen
authors: M
authors: Amjadi
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000328:Adult; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008614:Meperidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D009403:Nephrostomy, Percutaneous / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000082:Acetaminophen; D008614:Meperidine