title: The effect of levosimendan in rat mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intestinal ischemia reperfusion (IR) is associated with morbidity and mortality. We first examined the role of levosimendan in the protection of intestine after mesenteric IR.
  
  
  METHODS
  The rats were divided into six groups: (1) Control group; (2) Levosimendan group; (3) Ischemia group (60 min of occlusion); (4) IR group (60 min of occlusion and then 60 min reperfusion); (5) IR + 1 mg/kg levosimendan group: Levosimendan was given intraperitonally 30 min prior to the ischemia; (6) IR + 2 mg/kg levosimendan group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β were found to have increased in the IR group. The serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β were found to have decreased as a result of the administration of both doses of levosimendan in the IR. Relative TNF-α and NFκB mRNA levels was decreased by administration of both doses of levosimendan in the IR. SOD activity and GSH levels for IR group were lower than, and 8-ISO levels were higher than, those of the sham-operated rat and ischemia alone group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both doses of levosimendan had preventive effects on the alterations that occurred in the intestinal tissues after IR. Levosimendan administration attenuated in reperfusion injury of intestine and consequently protects intestinal mucosa and oxidant-antioxidant balance of ileum.
authors: 1 Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
authors: Beyzagul
authors: B
authors: Polat
authors: Abdulmecit
authors: A
authors: Albayrak
authors: Zekai
authors: Z
authors: Halici
authors: Emre
authors: E
authors: Karakus
authors: Yasin
authors: Y
authors: Bayir
authors: Elif
authors: E
authors: Demirci
authors: Elif
authors: E
authors: Cadirci
authors: Ersan
authors: E
authors: Odaci
authors: Muhammed
authors: M
authors: Yayla
authors: Sabri Selcuk
authors: SS
authors: Atamanalp
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006835:Hydrazones / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D007422:Intestines / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics; D011724:Pyridazines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000077464:Simendan; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D006835:Hydrazones; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016328:NF-kappa B; D011724:Pyridazines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000077464:Simendan