title: Psychosocial interventions for bipolar disorder and coping style modification: similar clinical outcomes, similar mechanisms?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate changes in the use of coping styles in response to early symptoms of mania in cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT), compared with psychoeducation, for bipolar disorder.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were drawn from a randomized controlled trial comparing CBT and psychoeducation. A subsample of 119 participants completed the Coping Inventory for the Prodromes of Mania and symptom assessments before treatment and 72 weeks later.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both CBT and psychoeducation were associated with similar improvements in symptom burden. Both treatments also produced equivalent improvements in stimulation reduction and problem-directed coping styles, but no statistically significant change on the endorsement of help-seeking behaviours. A treatment interaction showed that a reduction in denial and blame was present only in the CBT treatment condition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CBT and psychoeducation have similar impacts on coping styles for the prodromes of mania. The exception to this is denial and blame, which is positively impacted only by CBT but which does not translate into improved outcome. Given the similar change in coping styles and mood burden, teaching patients about how to cope in adaptive ways with the symptoms of mania may be a shared mechanism of change for CBT and psychoeducation.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  NCT00188838.
authors: University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario.
authors: Sagar V
authors: SV
authors: Parikh
authors: Lisa D
authors: LD
authors: Hawke
authors: Ari
authors: A
authors: Zaretsky
authors: Serge
authors: S
authors: Beaulieu
authors: Irene
authors: I
authors: Patelis-Siotis
authors: Glenda
authors: G
authors: Macqueen
authors: L Trevor
authors: LT
authors: Young
authors: Lakshmi
authors: L
authors: Yatham
authors: Vytas
authors: V
authors: Velyvis
authors: Claude
authors: C
authors: Bélanger
authors: Nancy
authors: N
authors: Poirier
authors: Jean
authors: J
authors: Enright
authors: Pablo
authors: P
authors: Cervantes
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological / Q000502:physiology*; D000328:Adult; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000628:therapy*; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D003717:Denial, Psychological; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: bipolar disorder; cognitive-behavioural therapy; coping; mania; psychoeducation