title: Occurrence and genetic diversity of Arcobacter butzleri in an artisanal dairy plant in Italy.
abstract: The present study aimed to investigate the presence, distribution, and persistence of Arcobacter spp. in an artisanal dairy plant and to test the isolates to determine their different genotypes in the processing plant and in foods. Samples were collected in an artisanal cheese factory on four occasions between October and December 2012. Food samples (raw milk, ricotta cheese, mozzarella cheese, and conditioning liquid), water samples, and environmental samples were analyzed by the culture method; isolates were identified by multiplex PCR and genotyped by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis. Arcobacter butzleri was isolated from 29 out of 59 samples (46.6%), 22 of which were from environmental samples and 7 of which were from food samples. Cluster analysis divided the strains into 47 PFGE patterns: 14 PFGE clusters and 33 unique types. Our findings indicate that the plant harbored numerous A. butzleri pulsotypes and that the manual cleaning and sanitation in the studied dairy plant do not effectively remove Arcobacter. The recurrent isolation of A. butzleri suggests that the environmental conditions in the dairy plant constitute a good ecological niche for the colonization of this microorganism. In some cases, the presence of indistinguishable strains isolated from the same facilities on different sampling days showed that these strains were persistent in the processing environment.
authors: Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy.
authors: Federica
authors: F
authors: Giacometti
authors: Alex
authors: A
authors: Lucchi
authors: Gerardo
authors: G
authors: Manfreda
authors: Daniela
authors: D
authors: Florio
authors: Renato Giulio
authors: RG
authors: Zanoni
authors: Andrea
authors: A
authors: Serraino
mesh_terms: D020640:Arcobacter / Q000235:genetics*; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003612:Dairying / Q000592:standards*; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D005511:Food Handling / Q000592:standards*; D005516:Food Microbiology; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D007558:Italy; D060885:Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013045:Species Specificity
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