title: Prevalence of lumbar spinal stenosis, using the diagnostic support tool, and correlated factors in Japan: a population-based study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Few studies have examined the prevalence of lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) in the general population. The purposes of this study were to estimate the prevalence of LSS and to investigate correlated factors for LSS in Japan.
  
  
  METHODS
  A questionnaire survey was performed on 4,400 subjects selected from residents aged 40-79 years in Japan by stratified two-stage random sampling in 2010. The question items consisted of lower-limb symptoms suggestive of LSS, the diagnostic support tool for LSS (LSS-DST), demographic and lifestyle characteristics, comorbidities, the Japanese Perceived Stress Scale (JPSS), and the Mental Health Index 5 (MHI-5). Using the LSS-DST, the presence of LSS was predicted to estimate the prevalence of LSS. Logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the relationship between LSS and correlated factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Questionnaires were obtained from 2,666 subjects (60.6 %), consisting of 1,264 males (47.4 %). The mean (standard deviation) age was 60.0 (10.9) years. According to the LSS-DST, 153 subjects were regarded as having LSS. The prevalence was estimated to be 5.7 %. When standardizing this value with the age distribution of the Japanese population, it was estimated that 3,650,000 Japanese subjects aged 40-79 years might have LSS using the LSS-DST. Prevalence increased with age and was particularly high in subjects aged 70-79 years, irrespective of gender. As correlated factors, an advanced age (60 years or older), diabetes mellitus, urological disorders, and osteoarthritis/fracture as comorbidities, and depressive symptoms, were associated with LSS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study elucidated the prevalence of LSS and factors associated with LSS in Japan. This is the first report describing the estimated prevalence of LSS and associated factors using a strictly sampled representative population.
authors: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan, yabuki@fmu.ac.jp.
authors: Shoji
authors: S
authors: Yabuki
authors: Norio
authors: N
authors: Fukumori
authors: Misa
authors: M
authors: Takegami
authors: Yoshihiro
authors: Y
authors: Onishi
authors: Koji
authors: K
authors: Otani
authors: Miho
authors: M
authors: Sekiguchi
authors: Takafumi
authors: T
authors: Wakita
authors: Shin-ichi
authors: S
authors: Kikuchi
authors: Shunichi
authors: S
authors: Fukuhara
authors: Shin-ichi
authors: S
authors: Konno
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D015995:Prevalence; D012016:Reference Values; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013130:Spinal Stenosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
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