title: Dietary intakes of energy and macronutrients by lactating women of different ethnic groups living in Yakutia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There should be a substantial increase in the intake of dietary energy, protein and other nutrients by lactating women, though these special increments can be different in different ethnic groups.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the influence of maternal ethnicity and diet on the quality of breast milk and its potential effect on early childhood development.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 185 mothers (150 Native and 35 Russian) living in settlements and small towns of rural Yakutia and 54 mothers (26 Native and 28 Russian) living in Yakutsk were surveyed and average food intake was recorded during 3 successive days before the survey was analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The amount of protein varied from 18 to 168.3 g/day, fat--from 12 to 176.1 g/day, energy--from 900 to 3680.4 kcal/day. Protein intake was at the level of current recommended dietary allowances (RDA) in Russians and was higher than in Natives living in rural settlements and small towns (p = 0.02) and in Yakutsk (p = 0.03). Carbohydrate intake was higher, though not significantly, in both ethnic groups compared with the current recommendations. Protein, fat, carbohydrates and, therefore, energy intake were lower (p < 0.03) in Native women living in Yakutsk compared with the intake of Native women living in rural settlements and small towns.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The dietary intakes of energy and macronutrients depended on the place where a woman lived rather than on her ethnicity. Overall, energy intake was considered to be at the lower limit (basal energy expenditure 2002/2005) for lactating women, with the exception of Native women living in Yakutsk whose energy intake was below the lower limit.
authors: Yakutsk Research Center for Complex Medical Problems, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Yakutsk, Russian Federation.
authors: Tatiana
authors: T
authors: Burtseva
authors: Irina
authors: I
authors: Solodkova
authors: Maya
authors: M
authors: Savvina
authors: Galina
authors: G
authors: Dranaeva
authors: Victor
authors: V
authors: Shadrin
authors: Sergei
authors: S
authors: Avrusin
authors: Elena
authors: E
authors: Sinelnikova
authors: Vyacheslav
authors: V
authors: Chasnyk
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001110:Arctic Regions / Q000453:epidemiology; D004032:Diet / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D002149:Energy Intake; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005502:Food / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007774:Lactation; D008875:Middle Aged; D009752:Nutritional Status; D012426:Russia / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004044:Dietary Proteins
keywords: cross-sectional survey; indigenous people; lactation; macronutrients' intake
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