title: Blood ethanol levels of nonabstinent Japanese alcoholic men in the morning after drinking and their ADH1B and ALDH2 genotypes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Genetic polymorphisms of alcohol dehydrogenase-1B (ADH1B, rs1229984) and aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2, rs671) affect ethanol (EtOH) metabolism and susceptibility to alcoholism.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated associations between ADH1B/ALDH2 genotypes and the blood EtOH levels of 805 Japanese alcoholic men in the morning after they had drunk within the previous 34 h.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Age-adjusted usual alcohol consumption did not differ according to ADH1B/ALDH2 genotypes. Higher blood EtOH levels persisted for longer periods in the ADH1B*1/*1 carriers (n = 246) than in the ADH1B*2 carriers (n = 559). Blood EtOH levels did not differ by ALDH2 genotype. The blood EtOH levels ≥ 0.3 mg/ml (criterion for drunk driving in Japanese law) were observed (40% vs. 14-17%, P < 0.0001) in a higher proportion of the ADH1B*1/*1 carriers than of the ADH1B*2 carriers after a 12.1-to-18-h interval since the last drink. Multivariate analyses showed that the EtOH levels heightened by 0.500 mg/ml in the presence of ADH1B*1*1 and by 0.248 mg/ml in the presence of cirrhosis, and lowered by 0.120 mg/ml per 10-year age increase, by 0.087 mg/ml per 10-kg body-weight increase and by 0.673 mg/ml per 10-h interval since the last drink. The odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for an EtOH level ≥ 0.3 mg/ml was 3.44 (2.34-5.04) in the presence of ADH1B*1/*1, 2.01 (1.28-3.14) in the presence of cirrhosis, 0.59 (0.49-0.71) per 10-year age increase, 0.80 (0.68-0.95) per 10-kg body-weight increase and 0.10 (0.07-0.15) per 10-h interval since the last drink.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The longer-than-expected EtOH lingering in the blood of the ADH1B*1/*1 alcoholics may exacerbate alcohol-related problems, including drunk driving.
authors: Corresponding author: a_yokoyama@kurihama1.hosp.go.jp.
authors: Akira
authors: A
authors: Yokoyama
authors: Tetsuji
authors: T
authors: Yokoyama
authors: Takeshi
authors: T
authors: Mizukami
authors: Toshifumi
authors: T
authors: Matsui
authors: Mitsuru
authors: M
authors: Kimura
authors: Sachio
authors: S
authors: Matsushita
authors: Susumu
authors: S
authors: Higuchi
authors: Katsuya
authors: K
authors: Maruyama
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics*; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D057229:Alcoholics; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D000444:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics*; D000071396:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Mitochondrial; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000097:blood; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol; C489332:ADH1B protein, human; D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase; C096127:ALDH2 protein, human; D000444:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; D000071396:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Mitochondrial