title: The effect of proximal tibial corrective osteotomy on menisci, tibia and tarsal bones: a finite element model study of tibia vara.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Proximal tibial open wedge osteotomy (PTO) is a corrective operation used in the surgery of lower extremities and is applied to patients with varus deformities for sufficient correction. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether the PTO can achieve decreased stress-bearing on the tibia and tarsal bones in addition to correcting the mechanical axis of the lower limb in patients with tibia vara.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three-dimensional (3D) solid modelling of the lower extremity was carried out using computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR)-containing images of all of the bony elements and non-bony structures. PTO was applied to the obtained deformed model in the computer environment and the correction was carried out.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Stress distributions in menisci, tibia and tarsal bones were calculated. With respect to loading on the tarsal bones, the maximum equivalent stresses on all bones decreased except for the navicula in the PTO-simulated model in the current study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results clearly indicate that PTO can achieve decreased stresses on the tarsal bones in patients with tibia vara.
authors: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey.
authors: Halil
authors: H
authors: Atmaca
authors: Arif
authors: A
authors: Özkan
authors: Ibrahim
authors: I
authors: Mutlu
authors: Talip
authors: T
authors: Celik
authors: Levent
authors: L
authors: Ugur
authors: Yasin
authors: Y
authors: Kisioglu
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007717:Knee / Q000601:surgery; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008592:Menisci, Tibial / Q000601:surgery*; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000379:methods*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013639:Tarsal Bones / Q000601:surgery*; D013977:Tibia / Q000601:surgery*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: computed tomography; finite elements method; open wedge osteotomy; talus; tibia