title: Diversity of secondary endosymbionts among different putative species of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci.
abstract: Endosymbionts are important components of arthropod biology. The whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is a cryptic species complex composed of ≥ 28 putative species. In addition to the primary endosymbiont Portiera aleyrodidarum, six secondary endosymbionts (S-endosymbionts), Hamiltonella, Rickettsia, Wolbachia, Cardinium, Arsenophonus and Fritschea, have been identified in B. tabaci thus far. Here, we tested five of the six S-endosymbiont lineages (excluding Fritschea) from 340 whitely individuals representing six putative species from China. Hamiltonella was detected only in the two exotic invaders, Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1) and Mediterranean (MED). Rickettsia was absent in Asia II 1 and MED, scarce in Asia II 3 (13%), but abundant in Asia II 7 (63.2%), China 1 (84.7%) and MEAM1 (100%). Wolbachia, Cardinium and Arsenophonus were absent in the invasive MEAM1 and MED but mostly abundant in the native putative species. Furthermore, phylogenetic analyses revealed that some S-endosymbionts have several clades and different B. tabaci putative species can harbor different clades of a given S-endosymbiont, demonstrating further the complexity of S-endosymbionts in B. tabaci. All together, our results demonstrate the variation and diversity of S-endosymbionts in different putative species of B. tabaci, especially between invasive and native whiteflies.
authors: Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors: Xiao-Li
authors: XL
authors: Bing
authors: Yong-Ming
authors: YM
authors: Ruan
authors: Qiong
authors: Q
authors: Rao
authors: Xiao-Wei
authors: XW
authors: Wang
authors: Shu-Sheng
authors: SS
authors: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000235:genetics; D018407:Bacterial Physiological Phenomena; D044822:Biodiversity; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D006430:Hemiptera / Q000382:microbiology*; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013559:Symbiosis
keywords: Arsenophonus; Cardinium; Hamiltonella; Rickettsia; Wolbachia; whitefly