title: Prognosis of the bradycardia pacemaker recipient assessed at first implantation: a nationwide cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pacing technology and care have improved notably over the past decade, justifying an update on the long-term prognosis and pre-implantation determinants of prognosis of bradycardia pacemaker (PM) recipients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  23 Dutch pacemaker centres
  
  
  METHODS
  Pre-implantation characteristics of 1517 patients receiving a first bradycardia PM between 2003-2007 were studied in relation to survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  None; patients were followed up during routine clinical practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cause and time to death.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the end of a mean follow-up of 5.8 (SD 1.1) years, 512 patients (33%) died, mostly of non-cardiac cause (67%). There were two PM related deaths. Survival rates were 93%, 81%, 69%, and 61% after 1, 3, 5 and 7 years, respectively. PM recipients without concomitant cardiovascular disease at implantation showed survival rates comparable to age and sex matched controls. Predictors at time of implantation associated with cardiac mortality were: age, coronary artery disease (CAD), diabetes, heart failure, valve disease, and the indication for PM implantation. Predictors for all cause mortality were: male gender, age, body mass index, CAD, cardiac surgery, diabetes, heart failure, and maintained atrioventricular synchrony.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A pre-implantation history of heart failure, CAD, and diabetes are the most important predictors for worse prognosis in PM recipients. Without baseline heart disease, survival rates equal that of the general population, suggesting that the prognosis of contemporary PM recipients is mainly determined by comorbid diseases and a bradycardia pacing indication as such does not influence survival.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00135174.
authors: Department of Cardiology, UMC Utrecht, , Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors: Erik O
authors: EO
authors: Udo
authors: Norbert M
authors: NM
authors: van Hemel
authors: Nicolaas P A
authors: NP
authors: Zuithoff
authors: Pieter A
authors: PA
authors: Doevendans
authors: Karel G M
authors: KG
authors: Moons
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001919:Bradycardia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality; D002423:Cause of Death; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult