title: Relation of glycated hemoglobin with carotid atherosclerosis in ischemic stroke patients: An observational study in Indian population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Glycated hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c) indicates long-term uncontrolled hyperglycemia in the body, which in diabetic patients leads to various vascular complications as a part of generalized atherosclerosis culminating ultimately into ischemic stroke.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Study aims to show the association between marker of uncontrolled long-term hyperglycemia HbA1c and marker of atherosclerosis (Carotid intima media thickness [CIMT] and carotid plaque) in ischemic stroke patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Carotid sonography using high resolution 7.5 MHz sonography technique was done in each patient to find the occurrence of increased CIMT and presence of plaque according to Mannheim CIMT Consensus (2004-2006). Levels of HbA1c measured in blood in both diabetic and non-diabetic patients and a comparison made between them. Finally an association sought between HbA1c levels with CIMT and plaque.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average value of HbA1c of this cohort was 7.51 ± 1.75% with higher values in diabetic patients (9.29 ± 1.73%). The patients with high CIMT (>0.8 mm) had higher values of HbA1c then that of normal CIMT patients and this was nearly significantly (P = 0.06). However, HbA1c levels of blood were significantly associated with stroke patients with presence of carotid arteries plaque (P = 0.008).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prediction of future risk and prevention strategies for ischemic stroke could be formulated by utilizing HbA1c levels in both diabetic and non-diabetic population.
authors: Department of Medicine, King George's Medical University, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India.
authors: Amit Shankar
authors: AS
authors: Singh
authors: Virendra
authors: V
authors: Atam
authors: Shyam Chand
authors: SC
authors: Chaudhary
authors: Kamal Kumar
authors: KK
authors: Sawlani
authors: Munna Lal
authors: ML
authors: Patel
authors: Sameer
authors: S
authors: Saraf
authors: Besthenahalli Erappa
authors: BE
authors: Yathish
authors: Liza
authors: L
authors: Das
keywords: Atherosclerosis; carotid intima media thickness; diabetes mellitus
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