title: Raman spectroscopic imaging of the whole Ciona intestinalis embryo during development.
abstract: Intracellular composition and the distribution of bio-molecules play central roles in the specification of cell fates and morphogenesis during embryogenesis. Consequently, investigation of changes in the expression and distribution of bio-molecules, especially mRNAs and proteins, is an important challenge in developmental biology. Raman spectroscopic imaging, a non-invasive and label-free technique, allows simultaneous imaging of the intracellular composition and distribution of multiple bio-molecules. In this study, we explored the application of Raman spectroscopic imaging in the whole Ciona intestinalis embryo during development. Analysis of Raman spectra scattered from C. intestinalis embryos revealed a number of localized patterns of high Raman intensity within the embryo. Based on the observed distribution of bio-molecules, we succeeded in identifying the location and structure of differentiated muscle and endoderm within the whole embryo, up to the tailbud stage, in a label-free manner. Furthermore, during cell differentiation, we detected significant differences in cell state between muscle/endoderm daughter cells and daughter cells with other fates that had divided from the same mother cells; this was achieved by focusing on the Raman intensity of single Raman bands at 1002 or 1526 cm(-1), respectively. This study reports the first application of Raman spectroscopic imaging to the study of identifying and characterizing differentiating tissues in a whole chordate embryo. Our results suggest that Raman spectroscopic imaging is a feasible label-free technique for investigating the developmental process of the whole embryo of C. intestinalis.
authors: Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors: Mitsuru J
authors: MJ
authors: Nakamura
authors: Kohji
authors: K
authors: Hotta
authors: Kotaro
authors: K
authors: Oka
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D019070:Cell Lineage; D002938:Ciona intestinalis / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology*; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000166:cytology; D004707:Endoderm / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology; D009132:Muscles / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman; D013194:Staining and Labeling
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