title: Effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy on muscle sympathetic nerve activity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) is an independent prognostic marker in patients with heart failure (HF). Therefore, its relevance to the treatment of HF patients is unquestionable.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In this study, we investigated the effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) on MSNA response at rest and during exercise in patients with advanced HF.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed 11 HF patients (51 ± 3.4 years; New York Heart Association class III-IV; left ventricular ejection fraction 27.8 ± 2.2%; optimal medical therapy) submitted to CRT. Evaluations were made prior to and 3 months after CRT. MSNA was performed at rest and during moderate static exercise (handgrip). Peak oxygen consumption (VO2 ) was evaluated by means of cardiopulmonary exercise test. HF patients with advanced NYHA class without CRT and healthy individuals were also studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CRT reduced MSNA at rest (48.9 ± 11.1 bursts/min vs 33.7 ± 15.3 bursts/min, P < 0.05) and during handgrip exercise (MSNA 62.3 ± 13.1 bursts/min vs 46.9 ± 14.3 bursts/min, P < 0.05). Among HF patients submitted to CRT, the peak VO2 increased (12.9 ± 2.8 mL/kg/min vs 16.5 ± 3.9 mL/kg/min, P < 0.05) and an inverse correlation between peak VO2 and resting MSNA (r = -0.74, P = 0.01) was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with advanced HF and severe systolic dysfunction: (1) a significant reduction of MSNA (at rest and during handgrip) occurred after CRT, and this behavior was significantly superior to HF patients receiving only medical therapy; (2) MSNA reduction after CRT had an inverse correlation with O2 consumption outcomes.
authors: Centrocor Cardiologia, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
authors: Ricardo R
authors: RR
authors: Kuniyoshi
authors: Martino
authors: M
authors: Martinelli
authors: Carlos E
authors: CE
authors: Negrão
authors: Sérgio F
authors: SF
authors: Siqueira
authors: Maria U P B
authors: MU
authors: Rondon
authors: Ivani C
authors: IC
authors: Trombetta
authors: Fatima H S
authors: FH
authors: Kuniyoshi
authors: Mateus C
authors: MC
authors: Laterza
authors: Silvana A D'Ório
authors: SA
authors: Nishioka
authors: Roberto
authors: R
authors: Costa
authors: Wagner T
authors: WT
authors: Tamaki
authors: Elizabeth S
authors: ES
authors: Crevelari
authors: Giselle De Lima
authors: Gde L
authors: Peixoto
authors: José A F
authors: JA
authors: Ramires
authors: Roberto
authors: R
authors: Kalil
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials; D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure; D058406:Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy; D005080:Exercise Test; D017079:Exercise Tolerance; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D007537:Isometric Contraction; D008875:Middle Aged; D053580:Muscle Strength; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000294:innervation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption
keywords: CRT; autonomics; congestive heart failure