title: Single-walled carbon nanotubes induce cell death and transcription of TNF-α in macrophages without affecting nitric oxide production.
abstract: Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are potent nanomaterials that have diverse shapes and features. The utilization of these molecules for drug delivery is being investigated; thus, it is important to determine whether they alter immune responses against pathogens. In this study, we show that macrophages treated with a mixture of lipopolysaccharide and SWCNTs produced normal levels of nitric oxide and inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA. However, these treatments induced cell death, presumably via necrosis. In addition, treating cells with SWCNTs induced the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α mRNA, a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine. These results suggest that SWCNTs may influence immune responses, which could result in unexpected effects following their administration for the purpose of drug delivery.
authors: Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong, 339-700, Republic of Korea.
authors: Kyong Hoon
authors: KH
authors: Kim
authors: Seung-min
authors: SM
authors: Yeon
authors: Hyun Gyung
authors: HG
authors: Kim
authors: Hwanbum
authors: H
authors: Lee
authors: Sun Kyung
authors: SK
authors: Kim
authors: Seung Hyun
authors: SH
authors: Han
authors: Kyung-Jin
authors: KJ
authors: Min
authors: Youngjoo
authors: Y
authors: Byun
authors: Eun Hee
authors: EH
authors: Lee
authors: Kenneth Sung
authors: KS
authors: Lee
authors: Soon Hong
authors: SH
authors: Yuk
authors: Un-Hwan
authors: UH
authors: Ha
authors: Yong Woo
authors: YW
authors: Jung
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000009:adverse effects; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II
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