title: Novel biomarkers for heart failure.
abstract: Heart failure (HF) has proven to be a major burden on the health system. The continuing prevalence of the condition and its rising associated costs and care, has amplified the need for earlier diagnosis, better risk stratification and cost-effective treatment to cut rates of hospitalization. Biomarkers seem poised to undertake such tasks, with biomarker management of patients with HF quickly evolving over the past several years. Biomarker guided diagnosis and treatment has become vital, especially during the acute setting in which the majority of patients with HF, were initially present. An adequate assessment of risk requires a multi-marker approach to a given HF patient. Established markers including brain natriuretic peptide and NT-proBNP are a significant clinical aid to physicians, though their utility is limited. In the past few years, momentous effort has been put into the discovery of new biomarkers. These endeavors have led to the emergence of several capable and promising biomarkers for HF management including troponins, mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin, GDF-15, C-reactive protein, Galectin-3, IL-6, ST-2, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, copeptin and procalcitonin. This review will offer an insight into the novel biomarkers considered as the cutting-edge in the diagnosis and management of HF.
authors: Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors: Navaid
authors: N
authors: Iqbal
authors: Khwaja Sami
authors: KS
authors: Alim
authors: Hermineh
authors: H
authors: Aramin
authors: Fatima
authors: F
authors: Iqbal
authors: Erik
authors: E
authors: Green
authors: Erin
authors: E
authors: Higginbotham
authors: Alan S
authors: AS
authors: Maisel
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D037502:Galectin 3 / Q000097:blood; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D007239:Infections / Q000175:diagnosis; D014336:Troponin / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D037502:Galectin 3; D014336:Troponin; D002097:C-Reactive Protein