title: Bacteriology swabs in primary total knee arthroplasty.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  An early detection of possible periprosthetic infection may lead to an earlier and potentially less invasive treatment of infected total knee arthroplasty TKA). The purpose of the present study was to evaluate retrospectively our current, affordable clinical practice of intra-operative swab taking during primary TKA.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 206 primary TKA were analysed retrospectively for intra-operative bacteriology swabs and subsequent periprosthetic infection. All bacteriology swabs were obtained in a standardized manner including a tissue sample. Data was statistically evaluated concerning standard descriptive statistics and using the chi-square test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bacteria were identified in 43.4% with coagulase-negative staphylococci being the most frequently isolated pathogens (52.2%). Regarding the contingency tables and chi-squared tests, generally no association was found between positive intra-operative swabs and subsequent periprosthetic infection as well as all other parameters investigated (timing of the antibiotic prophylaxis and pre-operative laboratory results).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bacteriology swabs during primary total knee arthroplasty are no adequate measure to predict subsequent periprosthetic infections, even if augmented with a tissue sample.
authors: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany.
authors: Maximilian
authors: M
authors: Haenle
authors: Andreas
authors: A
authors: Podbielski
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Ellenrieder
authors: Andreas
authors: A
authors: Mundt
authors: Helga
authors: H
authors: Krentz
authors: Wolfram
authors: W
authors: Mittelmeier
authors: Ralf
authors: R
authors: Skripitz
keywords: intra-operative bacteriology swab; intra-operative tissue sample; peri-operative antibiotic prophylaxis; periprosthetic infection; pre-operative laboratory infection markers; total knee arthroplasty
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