title: Antibodies against gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in patients with diabetes mellitus is associated with lower body weight and autonomic neuropathy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Esophageal dysmotility and gastroparesis are common secondary complications in patients with diabetes mellitus. Patients with dysmotility express antibodies against gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in serum. The aim of the present study was to scrutinize patients with diabetes mellitus with regard to the presence of GnRH antibodies, and to examine associations between antibodies and clinical findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-nine consecutive patients with diabetes mellitus were included in the study after clinical examination and examination by esophageal manometry and gastric emptying scintigraphy. Serum was analyzed for the presence of antibodies against GnRH using an ELISA, and values are expressed as relative units (RU). Two age- and gender-matched healthy subjects per each patient served as controls. The prevalence of IgM GnRH antibodies in patients was 33% compared to 14% in controls (p = 0.027), with a higher antibody titer; 1.2 (0.6-5.0) and 0.2 (0.1-0.3) RU, respectively (p = 0.000). The expression of IgG antibodies was 15% in patients and none in controls (p = 0.000). Lower body mass index was associated with the presence of IgM antibodies (OR = 0.835, 95% CI = 0.699-0.998), and autonomic neuropathy with the presence IgG antibodies (OR = 9.000, 95% CI = 1.327-61.025). Esophageal dysmotility (69%) or gastroparesis (18%) were not associated with the presence of IgM antibodies (OR = 0.589, 95% CI = 0.143-2.424 and OR = 3.407, 95% CI = 0.633-18.350, respectively). Neither was esophageal dysmotility associated with IgG antibodies (OR = 2.500, 95% CI = 0.259-24.096).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Antibodies against GnRH are more common in patients with diabetes mellitus compared with healthy controls. IgM antibodies are associated with lower body mass index and IgG antibodies are associated with autonomic neuropathy.
authors: Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
authors: Kerstin
authors: K
authors: Berntorp
authors: Anders
authors: A
authors: Frid
authors: Ragnar
authors: R
authors: Alm
authors: Gunilla Nordin
authors: GN
authors: Fredrikson
authors: Klas
authors: K
authors: Sjöberg
authors: Bodil
authors: B
authors: Ohlsson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood*; D001835:Body Weight; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone
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