title: Secreted proteases control autolysin-mediated biofilm growth of Staphylococcus aureus.
abstract: Staphylococcus epidermidis, a commensal of humans, secretes Esp protease to prevent Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation and colonization. Blocking S. aureus colonization may reduce the incidence of invasive infectious diseases; however, the mechanism whereby Esp disrupts biofilms is unknown. We show here that Esp cleaves autolysin (Atl)-derived murein hydrolases and prevents staphylococcal release of DNA, which serves as extracellular matrix in biofilms. The three-dimensional structure of Esp was revealed by x-ray crystallography and shown to be highly similar to that of S. aureus V8 (SspA). Both atl and sspA are necessary for biofilm formation, and purified SspA cleaves Atl-derived murein hydrolases. Thus, S. aureus biofilms are formed via the controlled secretion and proteolysis of autolysin, and this developmental program appears to be perturbed by the Esp protease of S. epidermidis.
authors: From the Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637.
authors: Chen
authors: C
authors: Chen
authors: Vengadesan
authors: V
authors: Krishnan
authors: Kevin
authors: K
authors: Macon
authors: Kartik
authors: K
authors: Manne
authors: Sthanam V L
authors: SV
authors: Narayana
authors: Olaf
authors: O
authors: Schneewind
mesh_terms: D000898:Antibiosis / Q000502:physiology; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development*; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D006801:Humans; D008958:Models, Molecular; D009238:N-Acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine Amidase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009296:Nasal Cavity / Q000382:microbiology; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D057057:Serine Proteases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D013212:Staphylococcus epidermidis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology; D013379:Substrate Specificity
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D057057:Serine Proteases; D009238:N-Acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine Amidase
keywords: Bacterial Pathogenesis; Biofilm; Extracellular Matrix; Serine Protease; Staphylococcus aureus
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