title: Homeostatic T cell proliferation after islet transplantation.
abstract: Pancreatic islet transplantation in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus is performed under immunosuppression to avoid alloreactive T cell responses and to control the reactivation of autoreactive memory T cells. However, lymphopenia associated with immunosuppression and T cell depletion can induce a paradoxical expansion of lymphocyte subsets under the influence of homeostatic proliferation. Homeostatic T cell proliferation is mainly driven by the IL-7/IL-7 receptor axis, a molecular pathway which is not affected by standard immune-suppressive drugs and, consequently, represents a novel potential target for immuno-modulatory strategies. In this review, we will discuss how homeostatic T cell proliferation can support autoimmunity recurrence after islet transplantation and how it can be targeted by new therapeutic approaches.
authors: San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy. paolo.monti@hsr.it
authors: Paolo
authors: P
authors: Monti
authors: Lorenzo
authors: L
authors: Piemonti
mesh_terms: D015551:Autoimmunity; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D007156:Immunologic Memory; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy; D015851:Interleukin-7 / Q000378:metabolism; D016381:Islets of Langerhans Transplantation / Q000276:immunology*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D012008:Recurrence; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D015851:Interleukin-7
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