title: Solid-state fermentation of Jatropha seed cake for optimization of lipase, protease and detoxification of anti-nutrients in Jatropha seed cake using Aspergillus versicolor CJS-98.
abstract: This study focused on the solid-state fermentation of Jatropha seed cake (JSC), a byproduct generated after biodiesel production. Presence of anti-nutritional compounds and toxins restricts its application in livestock feed. The disposal of the JSC is a major environmental problem in the future, due to the generation of huge quantity of JSC after biodiesel extraction. Hence the JSC was assessed for its suitability as substrate for production and optimization of lipase and protease from Aspergillus versicolor CJS-98 by solid-state fermentation (SSF). The present study was also focused on the biodetoxification of anti-nutrients and toxins in JSC. The SSF parameters were optimized for maximum production of lipase and protease. Under the optimized conditions, the JSC supplemented with maltose and peptone (2%), adjusted to pH 7.0, moisture content 40%, inoculated with 1 × 10(7) spores per 5 g cake and incubated at 25°C, produced maximum lipase, 1288 U/g and protease, 3366 U/g at 96 h. The anti-nutrients like phytic acid (6.08%), tannins (0.37%), trypsin inhibitors (697.5 TIU/g), cyanogenic glucosides (692.5 μg/100 g), and lectins (0.309 mg/ml), were reduced to 1.70%, 0.23%, 12.5 TIU/g, 560.6 μg/100 g and 0.034 mg/ml respectively. The main toxic compound phorbol esters content in the JSC was reduced from 0.083% to 0.015% after SSF. Our results indicate that viability of SSF to utilize the huge amount of seed cake generated after extraction of biodiesel, for production of industrial enzymes and biodetoxification of anti-nutrients, toxins.
authors: Fermentation Technology and Bioengineering Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570020, Karnataka, India.
authors: Mohankumar Bavimane
authors: MB
authors: Veerabhadrappa
authors: Fermentation Technology and Bioengineering Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570020, Karnataka, India.
authors: Sharath Belame
authors: SB
authors: Shivakumar
authors: Fermentation Technology and Bioengineering Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570020, Karnataka, India. Electronic address: somshek@hotmail.com.
authors: Somashekar
authors: S
authors: Devappa
mesh_terms: D001230:Aspergillus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D056804:Biofuels / Q000600:supply & distribution; D002244:Carbon / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D005285:Fermentation / Q000187:drug effects; D005960:Glucosides / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008658:Inactivation, Metabolic; D031286:Jatropha / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D037102:Lectins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D008049:Lipase / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D010703:Phorbol Esters / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D010833:Phytic Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D012639:Seeds / Q000378:metabolism*; D013634:Tannins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D013696:Temperature; D014361:Trypsin Inhibitors / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D056804:Biofuels; D005960:Glucosides; D037102:Lectins; D010703:Phorbol Esters; D013634:Tannins; D014361:Trypsin Inhibitors; D002244:Carbon; D010833:Phytic Acid; D008049:Lipase; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases; D009584:Nitrogen
keywords: Anti-nutrients; Aspergillus versicolor CJS-98; Jatropha seed cake; Protease and lipase; Solid-state fermentation