title: Metabolic syndrome and impaired health-related quality of life and in non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Blacks and Mexican-American Adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined the relationship between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and impaired health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in non-Hispanic Whites (NHW), non-Hispanic Black (NHB), and Mexican-Americans (MA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Data (n=5170) from 2009-2010 NHANES were used. Subjects perceived poor overall health (POH), poor physical health (PPH), and poor mental health (PMH) status in the past 30 days were used as indices of impaired HRQoL. Race/ethnic-specific associations between MetS and indices of HRQoL were determined using prevalence odds ratios (POR) from logistic regression models. Statistical adjustments were made for age, sex, education, marital status, income and smoking.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rates of POH, PPH and PMH in the past 30 days increased linearly with increased number of components of MetS in NHW, NHB and MA. MetS was associated with increased odds of PPH in NHW (POR=2.34; 95% CI=1.73-3.17) and MA (POR=1.65; 95% CI=1.09-2.50); increased odds of PPH in NHW (POR=1.65; 95% CI=1.18-2.31), NHB (POR=1.83; 95% CI=1.01-3.35), and MA (POR=1.67; 95% CI=1.09-2.83); and increased odds of PMH in NHW (POR=1.50; 95% CI=1.08-2.08), NHB (POR=2.28; 95% CI=1.29-4.01), and MA (POR=1.44; 95% CI=0.80-2.59). Upon adjustment for other independent variables, smoking and lack of education were found associated with increased odds of impaired HRQoL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MetS is associated with POH, PPH, and PMH in American adults. From clinical standpoint, this study further suggests that HRQoL should be considered in the management of subjects with MetS. Robust public health programs designed to reduce the prevalence of MetS may help in reducing impaired HRQoL, including POH, PPH, and PMH in American adults who have MetS.
authors: Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA. iokosun@su.edu
authors: Ike S
authors: IS
authors: Okosun
authors: Francis
authors: F
authors: Annor
authors: Fred
authors: F
authors: Esuneh
authors: Emmanuel E
authors: EE
authors: Okoegwale
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017677:Age Distribution; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006266:Health Education; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D017058:Mexican Americans / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D011788:Quality of Life; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012923:Social Class; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
keywords: Insulin resistance; Mental health; Physical health; Quality of life; Self-reported health