title: Dual effects and mechanism of TiO2 nanotube arrays in reducing bacterial colonization and enhancing C3H10T1/2 cell adhesion.
abstract: Competition occurs between the osteoblasts in regional microenvironments and pathogens introduced during surgery, on the surface of bone implants, such as joint prostheses. The aim of this study was to modulate bacterial and osteoblast adhesion on implant surfaces by using a nanotube array. Titanium oxide (TiO2) nanotube arrays, 30 nm or 80 nm in diameter, were prepared by a two-step anodization on titanium substrates. Mechanically polished and acid-etched titanium samples were also prepared to serve as control groups. The standard strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis, American Type Culture Collection [ATCC]35984) and mouse C3H10T1/2 cell lines with osteogenic potential were used to evaluate the different responses to the nanotube arrays, in bacteria and eukaryotic cells. We found that the initial adhesion and colonization of S. epidermidis on the surface of the TiO2 nanotube arrays were significantly reduced and that the adhesion of C3H10T1/2 cells on the surface of the TiO2 nanotube arrays was significantly enhanced when compared with the control samples. Based on a surface analysis of all four groups, we observed increased surface roughness, decreased water contact angles, and an enhanced concentration of oxygen and fluorine atoms on the TiO2 nanotube surface. We conclude that the TiO2 nanotube surface can reduce bacterial colonization and enhance C3H10T1/2 cell adhesion; multiple physical and chemical properties of the TiO2 nanotube surface may contribute to these dual effects.
authors: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors: Zhaoxiang
authors: Z
authors: Peng
authors: Jiahua
authors: J
authors: Ni
authors: Kang
authors: K
authors: Zheng
authors: Yandong
authors: Y
authors: Shen
authors: Xiaoqing
authors: X
authors: Wang
authors: Guo
authors: G
authors: He
authors: Sungho
authors: S
authors: Jin
authors: Tingting
authors: T
authors: Tang
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects*; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D008422:Materials Testing; D051379:Mice; D050296:Microbial Viability; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D043942:Nanotubes / Q000737:chemistry*; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013212:Staphylococcus epidermidis / Q000187:drug effects; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D016596:Vinculin / Q000378:metabolism; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D014867:Water; D016596:Vinculin; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium
keywords: bacterial adhesion; surface modification; titanium implant
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