title: Atypical microorganisms in expressed prostatic secretion from patients with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: microbiological results from a case-control study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the microorganisms in expressed prostatic secretions (EPS) of both chronic prostatitis patients and normal young male adults and to determine which microorganisms are associated with the degree of intraprostatic inflammation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology was performed to confirm Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycoplasma and Chlamydia trachomatis as well as human papilloma virus (HPV), herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) and cytomegalovirus (CMV). Universal primer PCR technology was carried out to detect 16S bacteria rDNA, followed by cloning and sequencing of the entire 16S rDNA product.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total number of bacteria and/or viruses detected by PCR assays was significantly associated with disease severity (p < 0.001). The white blood cell count and lecithin level was significantly correlated with the number of detected bacteria and/or viruses (p = 0.001 and p = 0.046, respectively). 17 bacterial isolates were identified from 14 EPS samples by 16S rDNA sequencing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Various microorganisms including Ureaplasma urealyticum, C. trachomatis, CMV, HPV and HSV-2 were identified in the EPS from patients with type III prostatitis. HPV infection may be associated with the degree of intraprostatic inflammation.
authors: Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P.R. China.
authors: Jiaquan
authors: J
authors: Xiao
authors: Ligang
authors: L
authors: Ren
authors: Huoxiang
authors: H
authors: Lv
authors: Qing
authors: Q
authors: Ding
authors: Shuixin
authors: S
authors: Lou
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Zhang
authors: Zhichao
authors: Z
authors: Dong
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D052685:Alphapapillomavirus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002692:Chlamydia trachomatis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D059350:Chronic Pain; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018258:Herpesvirus 2, Human / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D009174:Mycoplasma / Q000302:isolation & purification; D009344:Neisseria gonorrhoeae / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011467:Prostate / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology*; D011472:Prostatitis / Q000382:microbiology*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D055815:Young Adult