title: Cumulative radiation exposure and cancer risk of patients with ischemic heart diseases from diagnostic and therapeutic imaging procedures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present a detailed analysis of the cumulative radiation exposure and cancer risk of patients with ischemic heart diseases (IHD) from diagnostic and therapeutic imaging.
  
  
  METHODS
  For 1219 IHD patients, personal and examination data were retrieved from the information systems of a university hospital. For each patient, cumulative organ doses and the corresponding effective dose (E) resulting from all imaging procedures performed within 3 months before and 12 months after the date of the diagnosis were calculated. The cumulative lifetime attributable risk (LAR) of the patients to be diseased by radiation-related cancer was estimated using sex-, age-, and organ-specific risk models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 3870 procedures performed in the IHD patients, the most frequent were radiographic examinations (52.4%) followed by coronary catheter angiographies and percutaneous cardiac interventions (41.3%), CT scans (3.9%), and perfusion SPECT (2.3%). 87% of patient exposure resulted from heart catheter procedures. E and LAR were significantly higher in males than females (average, 13.3 vs. 10.3 mSv and 0.09 vs. 0.07%, respectively). Contrary to the effective dose, the cancer risk decreased markedly for both sexes with increasing age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although IHD patients were partially exposed to considerable amounts of radiation, estimated LARs were small as compared to their baseline risk to develop cancer in the remaining life.
authors: Department of Medical and Occupational Radiation Protection, Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Ingoldstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany. Electronic address: gbrix@bfs.de.
authors: Gunnar
authors: G
authors: Brix
authors: Marc
authors: M
authors: Berton
authors: Elke
authors: E
authors: Nekolla
authors: Ursula
authors: U
authors: Lechel
authors: Alexander
authors: A
authors: Schegerer
authors: Tim
authors: T
authors: Süselbeck
authors: Christian
authors: C
authors: Fink
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000792:Angiography / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001822:Body Burden; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000532:radiotherapy; D009381:Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011874:Radiometry / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution
keywords: Dosimetry; Imaging; Ischemic heart disease; Radiation risk