title: Ad libitum fluid intake and plasma responses after pickle juice, hypertonic saline, or deionized water ingestion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adding sodium (Na(+)) to drinks improves rehydration and ad libitum fluid consumption. Clinicians (∼25%) use pickle juice (PJ) to treat cramping. Scientists warn against PJ ingestion, fearing it will cause rapid plasma volume restoration and thereby decrease thirst and delay rehydration. Advice about drinking PJ has been developed but never tested.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine if drinking small volumes of PJ, hypertonic saline (HS), or deionized water (DIW) affects ad libitum DIW ingestion, plasma variables, or perceptual indicators.
  
  
  METHODS
  Crossover study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen, euhydrated (urine specific gravity ≤ 1.01) men (age = 22 ± 2 years, height = 178 ± 6 cm, mass = 82.9 ± 8.4 kg).
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants completed 3 testing days (≥ 72 hours between days). After a 30-minute rest, a blood sample was collected. Participants completed 60 minutes of hard exercise (temperature = 36 ± 2°C, relative humidity = 16 ± 1%). Postexercise, they rested for 30 minutes; had a blood sample collected; rated thirst, fullness, and nausea; and ingested 83 ± 8 mL of PJ, HS, or DIW. They rated drink palatability (100-mm visual analog scale) and were allowed to drink DIW ad libitum for 60 minutes. Blood samples and thirst, fullness, and nausea ratings (100-mm visual analog scales) were collected at 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes posttreatment drink ingestion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ad libitum DIW volume, percentage change in plasma volume, plasma osmolality (OSMp,) plasma sodium concentration ([Na(+)]p), and thirst, fullness, nausea, and palatability ratings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants consumed more DIW ad libitum after HS (708.03 ± 371.03 mL) than after DIW (532.99 ± 337.14 mL, P < .05). Ad libitum DIW ingested after PJ (700.35 ± 366.15 mL) was similar to that after HS and DIW (P > .05). Plasma sodium concentration, OSMp, percentage change in plasma volume, thirst, fullness, and nausea did not differ among treatment drinks over time (P > .05). Deionized water (73 ± 14 mm) was more palatable than HS (17 ± 13 mm) or PJ (26 ± 16 mm, P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The rationale behind advice about drinking PJ is questionable. Participants drank more, not less, after PJ ingestion, and plasma variables and perceptual indicators were similar after PJ and DIW ingestion. Pickle juice did not inhibit short-term rehydration.
authors: North Dakota State University, Fargo.
authors: Scott
authors: S
authors: Allen
authors: Kevin C
authors: KC
authors: Miller
authors: Jay
authors: J
authors: Albrecht
authors: Julie
authors: J
authors: Garden-Robinson
authors: Elizabeth
authors: E
authors: Blodgett-Salafia
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003681:Dehydration / Q000097:blood; D004326:Drinking / Q000502:physiology*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D005440:Fluid Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010949:Plasma; D010953:Plasma Volume; D015532:Rehydration Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012982:Sodium, Dietary; D013894:Thirst / Q000502:physiology; D014867:Water / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014882:Water-Electrolyte Balance / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015532:Rehydration Solutions; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic; D012982:Sodium, Dietary; D014867:Water; D012965:Sodium Chloride
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