title: Spinal cord injury induced changes of nuclear receptors PPARα and LXRβ and modulation with oleic acid/albumin treatment.
abstract: In previous studies with animal models of spinal cord injury (SCI) pharmacological activation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPAR) and liver X receptors (LXR) were used to reduce tissue damage and promote behavioral recovery in animal models. We have studied the endogenous expression of the transcription factors PPARα and LXRβ in the chronic stage after SCI in rats. The immunohistochemical investigation revealed a long lasting increase in the level of PPARα in white matter in the vicinity of the lesion site. The source of this signal was identified in a subpopulation of astrocytes outside of the glial scar area. Intrathecal injections of oleic acid/albumin reduced the lesion-induced PPARα immunoreactivity. In addition, ependymal cells displayed a prominent PPARα signal in the non-injured spinal cord, and continued to express the receptor as they proliferated and migrated within the damaged tissue. The nuclear receptor LXRβ was detected at similar levels after SCI as in sham operated animals. We found high levels of immunoreactivity in the gray matter, while in the white matter it was present in subpopulations of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Macrophages that had accumulated within the center of the lesion contained LXRβ in their cell nuclei. Possible endogenous functions of PPARα and LXRβ after SCI are discussed, specifically the control of fatty acid and cholesterol metabolism and the regulation of inflammatory reactions.
authors: Laboratorio Regeneración Nerviosa, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Servicio de Salud de Castilla la Mancha, Toledo, Spain.
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Fandel
authors: Dante
authors: D
authors: Wasmuht
authors: Gerardo
authors: G
authors: Avila-Martín
authors: Julian S
authors: JS
authors: Taylor
authors: Iriana
authors: I
authors: Galán-Arriero
authors: Jörg
authors: J
authors: Mey
mesh_terms: D000418:Albumins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004805:Ependyma / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000071518:Liver X Receptors; D008297:Male; D009413:Nerve Fibers, Myelinated / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D019301:Oleic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009836:Oligodendroglia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D057093:Orphan Nuclear Receptors / Q000378:metabolism*; D047493:PPAR alpha / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000418:Albumins; D000071518:Liver X Receptors; D057093:Orphan Nuclear Receptors; D047493:PPAR alpha; D019301:Oleic Acid
keywords: Nuclear receptor; Oleic acid; PPARalpha; Rat; Spinal cord injury