title: Evidence-based recommendations on upper gastrointestinal tract stenting: a report from the stent study group of the korean society of gastrointestinal endoscopy.
abstract: Endoscopic stents have evolved dramatically over the past 20 years. With the introduction of uncovered self-expanding metal stents in the early 1990s, they are primarily used to palliate symptoms of malignant obstruction in patients with inoperable gastrointestinal (GI) cancer. At present, stents have emerged as an effective, safe, and less invasive alternative for the treatment of malignant GI obstruction. Clinical decisions about stent placement should be made based on the exact understanding of the patient's condition. These recommendations based on a critical review of the available data and expert consensus are made for the purpose of providing endoscopists with information about stent placement. These can be helpful for management of patients with inoperable cancer or various nonmalignant conditions in the upper GI tract.
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea.
authors: Sam Ryong
authors: SR
authors: Jee
authors: Joo Young
authors: JY
authors: Cho
authors: Kyung Ho
authors: KH
authors: Kim
authors: Sang Gyun
authors: SG
authors: Kim
authors: Jun-Hyung
authors: JH
authors: Cho
keywords: Malignancy; Obstruction; Stents; Upper gastrointestinal tract
references: Gastrointest Endosc. 1997 Feb;45(2):179-82
references: 9041006
references: Gastrointest Endosc. 1996 May;43(5):478-82
references: 8726762
references: Am J Gastroenterol. 2008 Feb;103(2):304-12
references: 17900325
references: Digestion. 2006;74(3-4):199-205
references: 17341853
references: Gastrointest Endosc. 1996 Nov;44(5):562-7
references: 8934162
references: Dig Dis Sci. 2010 Mar;55(3):668-74
references: 19333756
references: Gastrointest Endosc. 2005 Jun;61(7):812-8
references: 15933681
references: Endoscopy. 2005 Apr;37(4):335-9
references: 15824943
references: Dis Esophagus. 2003;16(2):119-25
references: 12823210
references: Gastrointest Endosc. 2005 Jun;61(7):891-6
references: 15933696
references: J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2005 Jan;16(1):67-74
references: 15640412
references: J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008 Jul;23(7 Pt 1):1056-62
references: 18086117
references: Gastrointest Endosc. 1997 Aug;46(2):156-60
references: 9283867
references: Scand J Gastroenterol. 2009;44(2):248-51
references: 19016077
references: Dig Dis Sci. 2007 Jan;52(1):276-81
references: 17160470
references: Gastrointest Endosc. 2000 May;51(5):556-9
references: 10805841
references: Gastrointest Endosc. 1999 Jun;49(6):780-3
references: 10343228
references: Radiology. 1993 Jun;187(3):673-7
references: 7684529
references: Gastrointest Endosc. 2007 Apr;65(4):592-601
references: 17383456
references: Radiology. 1997 Apr;203(1):131-6
references: 9122381
references: Ann Thorac Surg. 2008 Jun;85(6):1968-72; discussion 1973
references: 18498804
references: World J Gastroenterol. 2003 Oct;9(10):2359-61
references: 14562413
references: Gut Liver. 2011 Jun;5(2):238-41
references: 21814608
references: J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2003 Aug;37(2):203-6
references: 12883312
references: Am J Gastroenterol. 2008 Dec;103(12):2988-94
references: 18786110
references: Am J Gastroenterol. 2007 Dec;102(12):2667-77
references: 18042102
references: Endoscopy. 2006 May;38(5):533-7
references: 16767594
references: Radiology. 1997 Aug;204(2):527-32
references: 9240548
references: Endoscopy. 2001 Oct;33(10):894-7
references: 11571689
references: J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2004 Jul;15(7):769-72
references: 15231893
references: Ann Thorac Surg. 2007 Jun;83(6):2003-7; discussion 2007-8
references: 17532387
references: Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am. 2007 Jan;17(1):83-104, vii
references: 17397778
references: Endoscopy. 2004 Jun;36(6):554-7
references: 15202054
references: Surg Laparosc Endosc. 1998 Feb;8(1):40-3
references: 9488569
references: Jpn J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2005 Sep;53(9):470-6
references: 16200886
references: Gastrointest Endosc. 2009 May;69(6):1059-66
references: 19152912
references: Gastrointest Endosc. 2000 Aug;52(2):259-62
references: 10922106
references: Gastrointest Endosc. 2003 Aug;58(2):207-12
references: 12872087
references: Radiology. 1997 Feb;202(2):349-54
references: 9015055
references: Gastrointest Endosc. 2001 Aug;54(2):145-53
references: 11474382
references: Gastrointest Endosc. 2005 Aug;62(2):278-86
references: 16046996
references: Ann Thorac Surg. 1990 Jul;50(1):45-9; discussion 50-1
references: 2369229
references: Can Assoc Radiol J. 2008 Jun;59(3):107-22
references: 18697717
references: Ann Thorac Surg. 2004 Apr;77(4):1475-83
references: 15063302
references: Surg Endosc. 2005 Jun;19(6):811-5
references: 15868255
references: Gastrointest Endosc. 2010 Nov;72(5):927-34
references: 21034894
references: Gastrointest Endosc. 2010 Jul;72(1):25-32
references: 20381802
references: Surg Endosc. 2006 Nov;20(11):1675-80
references: 16960663
references: Ann Thorac Surg. 1998 Apr;65(4):919-23
references: 9564901
references: Gastrointest Endosc. 2010 Mar;71(3):490-9
references: 20003966
references: World J Gastroenterol. 2006 Apr 7;12(13):2103-8
references: 16610065
references: Radiology. 2002 Nov;225(2):359-65
references: 12409567
references: Radiology. 1997 Jun;203(3):747-52
references: 9169699
references: Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2006;20(5):959-78
references: 16997172
references: Dis Esophagus. 2005;18(4):230-8
references: 16128779
references: AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2009 Jul;193(1):241-7
references: 19542420
references: Radiology. 2004 Jul;232(1):252-9
references: 15166325
references: Dig Dis Sci. 2008 Apr;53(4):938-45
references: 17805967
references: Scand J Gastroenterol. 2004 Oct;39(10):1010-4
references: 15513343
references: Korean J Gastroenterol. 2007 Jan;49(1):4-9
references: 18167427
references: Gastrointest Endosc. 2001 May;53(6):603-13
references: 11323586
references: Gastroenterol Clin Biol. 2005 Jun-Jul;29(6-7):735-9
references: 16142010
references: Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2003 May;23(5):794-8
references: 12754035
references: Dis Esophagus. 2005;18(4):262-6
references: 16128784
references: Dis Esophagus. 2001;14(2):120-3
references: 11553221
references: Gastrointest Endosc. 2007 Jan;65(1):70-6
references: 17185082
references: World J Gastroenterol. 2007 Feb 14;13(6):916-20
references: 17352023
references: Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002 Apr 15;165(8):1037-40
references: 11956041
references: Dig Dis Sci. 2008 Feb;53(2):334-40
references: 17597412
references: Surg Endosc. 2008 May;22(5):1326-33
references: 18027044
references: Dig Dis Sci. 2010 Nov;55(11):3018-30
references: 20440646
references: Dig Dis Sci. 2008 Feb;53(2):341-6
references: 17565471
references: World J Gastroenterol. 2009 Jul 28;15(28):3523-7
references: 19630108
references: Gastrointest Endosc. 2008 Jan;67(1):20-5
references: 17945227
references: J Vasc Interv Radiol. 1995 Sep-Oct;6(5):741-3; discussion 744-6
references: 8541678
references: Br J Surg. 1991 May;78(5):582-5
references: 2059811
references: Gastrointest Endosc. 2000 Feb;51(2):134-8
references: 10650253
references: Dig Dis Sci. 2008 Feb;53(2):330-3
references: 17713855
references: J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2000 Jul-Aug;11(7):891-8
references: 10928528
references: Adv Ther. 2010 Oct;27(10):691-703
references: 20737260
references: Gastrointest Endosc. 2001 Nov;54(5):579-86
references: 11677473
references: Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2006 Jun 15;23(12):1693-702
references: 16817912
references: Gastrointest Endosc. 2004 Dec;60(6):916-20
references: 15605006
references: Eur Radiol. 2009 Feb;19(2):384-90
references: 18726598
references: Gastrointest Endosc. 2004 Dec;60(6):894-900
references: 15605003
references: Gastrointest Endosc. 2004 Dec;60(6):1010-7
references: 15605026
references: Gastrointest Endosc. 2004 Nov;60(5):695-702
references: 15557944
references: Gastrointest Endosc. 1999 Jan;49(1):70-8
references: 9869726
references: Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2000 Nov-Dec;23(6):487-9
references: 11232903
references: Endoscopy. 2004 Aug;36(8):695-9
references: 15280974
references: Endoscopy. 2009 May;41(5):449-56
references: 19418400
references: Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am. 1999 Jul;9(3):437-46
references: 10388859
references: AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1997 Nov;169(5):1281-4
references: 9353442
references: Gastrointest Endosc. 2007 Dec;66(6):1206-10
references: 18028923
references: Gastrointest Endosc. 1998 Aug;48(2):172-9
references: 9717783
references: Am J Gastroenterol. 2001 Jun;96(6):1791-6
references: 11419831
references: Gastrointest Endosc. 2008 Mar;67(3):546-52
references: 18294520
references: Gut. 2003 Jul;52(7):922-6
references: 12801944
references: Gastrointest Endosc. 2004 Oct;60(4):513-9
references: 15472671
references: J Surg Oncol. 2005 Dec 1;92(3):246-56
references: 16299791
references: Am J Gastroenterol. 1995 Dec;90(12):2143-6
references: 8540504
references: Emerg Radiol. 2008 Jan;15(1):57-60
references: 17570002
references: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006 Oct 18;(4):CD004063
references: 17054195
references: Ann Thorac Surg. 2006 Feb;81(2):467-72
references: 16427833
references: Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007 Mar;19(3):195-203
references: 17301645
references: Chest. 2008 Jun;133(6 Suppl):123S-131S
references: 18574262
references: J Clin Gastroenterol. 1996 Jun;22(4):261-6
references: 8771419
references: Gastrointest Endosc. 2003 Oct;58(4):608-12
references: 14520304
references: Eur Radiol. 2010 May;20(5):1069-72
references: 19921200
references: N Engl J Med. 1993 Oct 28;329(18):1302-7
references: 7692297
references: J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2001 Apr;16(4):484-7
references: 11354292
references: Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008 Mar;5(3):142-52
references: 18250638
references: Surg Endosc. 2007 Jun;21(6):889-96
references: 17177084
references: Dis Esophagus. 2007;20(6):466-70
references: 17958720
references: J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009 Jan;24(1):114-9
references: 19054264
references: Ann Thorac Surg. 2005 Feb;79(2):398-403; discussion 404
references: 15680802
references: Gastrointest Endosc. 2003 Sep;58(3):356-61
references: 14528208
references: World J Gastroenterol. 2007 Aug 7;13(29):3977-80
references: 17663513
references: Dis Esophagus. 2007;20(4):358-60
references: 17617887
references: Gastrointest Endosc. 2006 Jan;63(1):134-40
references: 16377330
references: Radiology. 2000 Nov;217(2):551-7
references: 11058659
references: Ann Thorac Surg. 1989 May;47(5):689-92
references: 2730190
references: BMC Gastroenterol. 2007 Jun 08;7:18
references: 17559659
references: Radiographics. 2004 Nov-Dec;24(6):1561-73
references: 15537965
references: Ann Thorac Surg. 2008 Aug;86(2):436-40
references: 18640310
references: J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009 Aug;24(8):1358-64
references: 19467141
references: Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2005 May-Jun;28(3):284-8
references: 15886931
references: Ann Surg. 2004 Nov;240(5):801-7
references: 15492561
references: Am J Gastroenterol. 1998 Apr;93(4):532-5
references: 9576443
references: Scand J Gastroenterol. 2010;45(1):100-5
references: 20030581
references: Abdom Imaging. 2005 Jul-Aug;30(4):456-64
references: 15688108
references: Gastrointest Endosc. 2007 Dec;66(6):1082-90
references: 17826774
references: Gastrointest Endosc. 2007 Apr;65(4):714-20
references: 17383472
references: J Gastroenterol. 2007 Apr;42(4):283-90
references: 17464457