title: Continued evolution of West Nile virus, Houston, Texas, USA, 2002-2012.
abstract: We investigated the genetics and evolution of West Nile virus (WNV) since initial detection in the United States in 1999 on the basis of continual surveillance studies in the Houston, Texas, USA, metropolitan area (Harris County) as a surrogate model for WNV evolution on a national scale. Full-length genomic sequencing of 14 novel 2010-2012 WNV isolates collected from resident birds in Harris County demonstrates emergence of 4 independent genetic groups distinct from historical strains circulating in the greater Houston region since 2002. Phylogenetic and geospatial analyses of the 2012 WNV isolates indicate closer genetic relationship with 2003-2006 Harris County isolates than more recent 2007-2011 isolates. Inferred monophyletic relationships of these groups with several 2006-2009 northeastern US isolates supports potential introduction of a novel WNV strain in Texas since 2010. These results emphasize the need to maintain WNV surveillance activities to better understand WNV transmission dynamics in the United States.
authors: University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555-0436, USA.
authors: Brian R
authors: BR
authors: Mann
authors: Allison R
authors: AR
authors: McMullen
authors: Daniele M
authors: DM
authors: Swetnam
authors: Vence
authors: V
authors: Salvato
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Reyna
authors: Hilda
authors: H
authors: Guzman
authors: Rudy
authors: R
authors: Bueno
authors: James A
authors: JA
authors: Dennett
authors: Robert B
authors: RB
authors: Tesh
authors: Alan D T
authors: AD
authors: Barrett
mesh_terms: D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D014644:Genetic Variation; D016679:Genome, Viral; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D010802:Phylogeny; D058974:Phylogeography; D012367:RNA, Viral; D013781:Texas / Q000453:epidemiology; D014901:West Nile Fever / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission; D014902:West Nile virus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral
keywords: Texas; WNV; West Nile virus; flavivirus; phylogenetics; viral epidemiology; virus evolution; virus surveillance; viruses
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