title: Neonatal liver abscesses associated with candidemia: three cases and review of literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Our aim was to identify risk factors for the development of neonatal Candida liver abscess and to find useful information to better manage this potentially fatal complication.
  
  
  METHODS
  A computerized search was conducted using PubMed. Overall, three articles describing the history of seven infants were finally considered. The characteristics of these seven cases were analyzed together with those of three new cases that we treated in the recent past.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All the neonates were premature. Previous antibiotic use was reported in all the cases, umbilical venous catheterization in 9/10 and total parenteral nutrition in 8/10. Candida albicans was isolated in 9/10. All the patients presented with aspecific signs of sepsis. Liver abscesses were described as "microabscesses" or "miliary abscesses" in three cases, as solitary lesion in two cases. In one case two lesions and in one four lesions were reported. Three infants died.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Liver ultrasonography should be performed in all the neonates with signs of sepsis, especially in the presence of candidemia and/or hepatomegaly and/or significant change in liver enzymes. Umbilical venous catheter should be removed, and peripheral IV access should be used until there is documented clearance from the blood with three or more negative blood cultures.
authors: Department of Human Pathology .
authors: Antonio
authors: A
authors: Cascio
authors: Dario
authors: D
authors: Pantaleo
authors: Giuseppina
authors: G
authors: Corona
authors: Giuseppina
authors: G
authors: Barberi
authors: Demetrio
authors: D
authors: Delfino
authors: Orazio
authors: O
authors: Romeo
authors: Chiara
authors: C
authors: Iaria
authors: Ignazio
authors: I
authors: Barberi
mesh_terms: D058387:Candidemia / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases; D008100:Liver Abscess / Q000382:microbiology*; D008297:Male