title: Transcriptome analysis of chlorantraniliprole resistance development in the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The diamondback moth Plutella xyllostella has developed a high level of resistance to the latest insecticide chlorantraniliprole. A better understanding of P. xylostella's resistance mechanism to chlorantraniliprole is needed to develop effective approaches for insecticide resistance management.
  
  
  RESULTS
  To provide a comprehensive insight into the resistance mechanisms of P. xylostella to chlorantraniliprole, transcriptome assembly and tag-based digital gene expression (DGE) system were performed using Illumina HiSeq™ 2000. The transcriptome analysis of the susceptible strain (SS) provided 45,231 unigenes (with the size ranging from 200 bp to 13,799 bp), which would be efficient for analyzing the differences in different chlorantraniliprole-resistant P. xylostella stains. DGE analysis indicated that a total of 1215 genes (189 up-regulated and 1026 down-regulated) were gradient differentially expressed among the susceptible strain (SS) and different chlorantraniliprole-resistant P. xylostella strains, including low-level resistance (GXA), moderate resistance (LZA) and high resistance strains (HZA). A detailed analysis of gradient differentially expressed genes elucidated the existence of a phase-dependent divergence of biological investment at the molecular level. The genes related to insecticide resistance, such as P450, GST, the ryanodine receptor, and connectin, had different expression profiles in the different chlorantraniliprole-resistant DGE libraries, suggesting that the genes related to insecticide resistance are involved in P. xylostella resistance development against chlorantraniliprole. To confirm the results from the DGE, the expressional profiles of 4 genes related to insecticide resistance were further validated by qRT-PCR analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The obtained transcriptome information provides large gene resources available for further studying the resistance development of P. xylostella to pesticides. The DGE data provide comprehensive insights into the gene expression profiles of the different chlorantraniliprole-resistant stains. These genes are specifically related to insecticide resistance, with different expressional profiles facilitating the study of the role of each gene in chlorantraniliprole resistance development.
authors: Insititute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China.
authors: Qingsheng
authors: Q
authors: Lin
authors: Fengliang
authors: F
authors: Jin
authors: Zhendi
authors: Z
authors: Hu
authors: Huanyu
authors: H
authors: Chen
authors: Fei
authors: F
authors: Yin
authors: Zhenyu
authors: Z
authors: Li
authors: Xiaolin
authors: X
authors: Dong
authors: Deyong
authors: D
authors: Zhang
authors: Shunxiang
authors: S
authors: Ren
authors: Xia
authors: X
authors: Feng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D015723:Gene Library; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; D007305:Insecticide Resistance / Q000235:genetics*; D007306:Insecticides; D058977:Molecular Sequence Annotation; D009036:Moths / Q000235:genetics*; D059467:Transcriptome; D062367:ortho-Aminobenzoates
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D062367:ortho-Aminobenzoates; C517733:chlorantranilipole
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