title: Seaweeds as potential therapeutic interventions for the metabolic syndrome.
abstract: Seaweeds are a characteristic part of the traditional diet in countries such as Japan and Korea; these countries also have a lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome than countries such as the USA and Australia. This suggests that seaweeds may contain compounds that reduce the characteristic signs of obesity, diabetes, hypertension, fatty liver and inflammation in the metabolic syndrome. Potentially bioactive compounds from seaweeds include polysaccharides, peptides, pigments, minerals and omega-3 fatty acids. This review emphasises current research on these compounds in isolated cells, animal models and patients. Key problems for future research include chemical characterisation of the bioactive principles, defining pharmacological responses in all aspects of the metabolic syndrome, determining if a therapeutic dose has been administered, and defining oral bioavailability of the active ingredients.
authors: Senthil Arun
authors: SA
authors: Kumar
authors: Lindsay
authors: L
authors: Brown
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry; D012624:Seaweed / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D010455:Peptides; D011134:Polysaccharides
references: Obes Rev. 2013 Feb;14(2):129-44
references: 23145880
references: Nutr Res Rev. 2013 Jun;26(1):1-11
references: 23286442
references: J Agric Food Chem. 2011 Jul 13;59(13):6829-36
references: 21574559
references: Biochem Pharmacol. 2012 Sep 1;84(5):692-700
references: 22732454
references: J Res Med Sci. 2012 Dec;17(12):1102-7
references: 23853625
references: Int J Epidemiol. 2007 Jun;36(3):600-9
references: 17317693
references: Nutr J. 2013 Jun 27;12:90
references: 23805865
references: Mar Drugs. 2011;9(6):1056-100
references: 21747748
references: Nutr Rev. 2013 Jun;71(6):402-11
references: 23731449
references: Nutr Res. 2012 Jun;32(6):439-47
references: 22749180
references: Obesity (Silver Spring). 2012 Sep;20(9):1851-8
references: 21779093
references: Am J Prev Med. 2009 Oct;37(4):278-84
references: 19765498
references: Adv Food Nutr Res. 2012;66:75-145
references: 22909979
references: J Sci Food Agric. 2011 Jul;91(9):1687-92
references: 21495035
references: Bioprocess Biosyst Eng. 2013 Jun;36(6):729-36
references: 23361185
references: Food Funct. 2012 Feb;3(2):120-6
references: 22089895
references: Clin Biochem. 2012 Nov;45(16-17):1357-61
references: 22850611
references: Nutr Rev. 2007 Dec;65(12 Pt 1):535-43
references: 18236692
references: Adv Food Nutr Res. 2011;64:325-37
references: 22054959
references: Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2004 Jun;33(2):351-75, table of contents
references: 15158523
references: J Med Food. 2009 Feb;12(1):15-20
references: 19298191
references: Food Chem Toxicol. 2011 Sep;49(9):2090-5
references: 21645579
references: Obesity (Silver Spring). 2011 Jun;19(6):1171-6
references: 21512509
references: Mol Pharmacol. 2013 Jul;84(1):147-57
references: 23658008
references: Adv Nutr. 2013 May 01;4(3):378S-83S
references: 23674807
references: Adv Food Nutr Res. 2011;64:29-39
references: 22054936
references: Mar Drugs. 2011;9(7):1166-75
references: 21822408
references: Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2013 Mar 28;12:54
references: 23536959
references: Annu Rev Immunol. 2011;29:415-45
references: 21219177
references: J Sci Food Agric. 2011 May;91(7):1166-74
references: 21433011
references: Arch Intern Med. 2004 May 24;164(10):1066-76
references: 15159263
references: Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2011 Dec;62(8):794-9
references: 21574818
references: Adv Food Nutr Res. 2011;64:17-28
references: 22054935
references: Clin Exp Hypertens. 2013;35(8):607-13
references: 23484864
references: Int J Biol Macromol. 2013 Sep;60:366-74
references: 23817097
references: Endocrinology. 2013 Aug;154(8):2600-12
references: 23715867
references: Mar Drugs. 2011 Feb 08;9(2):196-223
references: 21566795
references: J Nutr. 2011 May;141(5):903-13
references: 21451127
references: Diabetes Care. 2011 Jan;34(1):216-9
references: 20889854
references: Lipids. 2013 May;48(5):449-55
references: 23516000
references: Gut Microbes. 2012 Jan-Feb;3(1):29-34
references: 22555633
references: Prog Lipid Res. 2011 Oct;50(4):372-87
references: 21762726
references: Mar Drugs. 2013 Jan 23;11(1):233-52
references: 23344113
references: Thyroid Res. 2011 Oct 05;4:14
references: 21975053
references: Mar Drugs. 2012 Mar;10(3):604-16
references: 22611357
references: Nutrients. 2011 Dec;3(12):1003-22
references: 22292108
references: J Nutr Metab. 2012;2012:539426
references: 22570770
references: Arch Biochem Biophys. 2012 Mar 1;519(1):59-65
references: 22289788
references: J Nutr. 2012 Sep;142(9):1693-704
references: 22810988
references: Exp Eye Res. 2013 Oct;115:96-105
references: 23810809
references: Nutr Res Pract. 2008 Winter;2(4):295-300
references: 20016733
references: Food Chem. 2012 Nov 15;135(2):806-11
references: 22868162
references: Mar Drugs. 2011;9(8):1359-67
references: 21892350
references: J Agric Food Chem. 2012 Aug 1;60(30):7421-7
references: 22747312
references: Mar Drugs. 2011;9(10):1806-28
references: 22072997
references: Phytother Res. 2014 Jan;28(1):137-43
references: 23580241
references: Diabet Med. 2013 Dec;30(12):1487-94
references: 23758216
references: J Diabetes Res. 2013;2013:425854
references: 23671870
references: Carbohydr Polym. 2013 Jun 5;95(1):143-7
references: 23618250
references: Am J Clin Nutr. 2012 Jul;96(1):5-13
references: 22648709
references: PLoS One. 2012;7(4):e35240
references: 22506074
references: Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2001;10 Suppl:S40-7
references: 11708582
references: J Food Sci. 2012 Feb;77(2):H76-80
references: 22309505
references: Inflammopharmacology. 2013 Jun;21(3):261-8
references: 23179138
references: Mol Nutr Food Res. 2011 Jan;55(1):150-65
references: 21207519
references: Gynecol Endocrinol. 2013 Oct;29(10):901-3
references: 23808391
references: J Atheroscler Thromb. 2011;18(9):723-34
references: 21685707
references: Fitoterapia. 2012 Sep;83(6):1105-9
references: 22580164
references: J Nat Sci Biol Med. 2013 Jan;4(1):113-6
references: 23633845
references: J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 2012;58(1):14-9
references: 23007062
references: Lancet. 2005 Apr 16-22;365(9468):1415-28
references: 15836891
references: Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2007 Dec;5(4):291-6
references: 18370798
references: J Oleo Sci. 2013;62(6):403-8
references: 23728331