title: Cardioprotective and neuroprotective roles of oleuropein in olive.
abstract: Traditional diets of people living in the Mediterranean basin are, among other components, very rich in extra-virgin olive oil, the most typical source of visible fat. Olive is a priceless source of monounsaturated and di-unsaturated fatty acids, polyphenolic antioxidants and vitamins. Oleuropein is the main glycoside in olives and is responsible for the bitter taste of immature and unprocessed olives. Chemically, oleuropein is the ester of elenolic acid and 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl ethanol, which possesses beneficial effects on human health, such as antioxidant, antiatherogenic, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. The phenolic fraction extracted from the leaves of the olive tree, which contains significant amounts of oleuropein, prevents lipoprotein oxidation. In addition, oleuropein has shown cardioprotective effect against acute adriamycin cardiotoxicity and an anti-ischemic and hypolipidemic activities. Recently, oleuropein has shown neuroprotection by forming a non-covalent complex with the Aβ peptide, which is a key hallmark of several degenerative diseases like Alzheimer and Parkinson. Thus, a large mass of research has been accumulating in the area of olive oil, in the attempt to provide evidence for the health benefits of olive oil consumption and to scientifically support the widespread adoption of traditional Mediterranean diet as a model of healthy eating. These results provide a molecular basis for some of the benefits potentially coming from oleuropein consumption and pave the way to further studies on the possible pharmacological use of oleuropein to prevent or to slow down the cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases.
authors: College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, P.O. Box 31922, Buraidah-51418, Saudi Arabia.
authors: Syed Haris
authors: SH
authors: Omar
keywords: Cardioprotective; Mediterranean diet; Neuroprotective; Oleuropein; Olive
references: N Engl J Med. 2003 Jun 26;348(26):2599-608
references: 12826634
references: NMR Biomed. 2009 Jul;22(6):585-92
references: 19308947
references: J Ethnopharmacol. 2003 Feb;84(2-3):299-305
references: 12648829
references: Eur J Pharmacol. 2004 Oct 1;500(1-3):299-313
references: 15464042
references: Life Sci. 1998;62(6):541-6
references: 9464466
references: J Am Soc Mass Spectrom. 2006 Apr;17(4):568-75
references: 16503156
references: J Nutr. 2006 Aug;136(8):2213-9
references: 16857843
references: Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2008 Feb;18(2):127-32
references: 17346951
references: Biochem Pharmacol. 1999 Feb 15;57(4):445-9
references: 9933033
references: Lipids. 2000 Jan;35(1):45-54
references: 10695923
references: Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2001 Jan;3(1):64-7
references: 11123850
references: Brain Pathol. 1999 Jan;9(1):133-46
references: 9989456
references: Am J Clin Nutr. 1995 Jun;61(6 Suppl):1321S-1323S
references: 7754982
references: Public Health Nutr. 2004 Oct;7(7):959-63
references: 15482625
references: Phytother Res. 2008 Sep;22(9):1239-42
references: 18729245
references: Arzneimittelforschung. 2002;52(11):797-802
references: 12489249
references: J Neurosci Res. 2007 Feb 15;85(3):497-503
references: 17171703
references: J Agric Food Chem. 1998 Jan 19;46(1):32-35
references: 10554192
references: J Nutr. 2002 Mar;132(3):409-17
references: 11880564
references: Neurology. 1997 Mar;48(3):626-32
references: 9065537
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Aug 3;96(16):8867-72
references: 10430862
references: Lancet. 2000 Nov 11;356(9242):1627-31
references: 11089820
references: Neurobiol Dis. 2000 Aug;7(4):321-31
references: 10964604
references: Life Sci. 2001 Jul 27;69(10):1213-22
references: 11508353
references: Eur J Nutr. 2008 Aug;47(5):235-43
references: 18654736
references: J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2003 Feb 25;785(1):47-56
references: 12535837
references: Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2000 Nov 30;278(3):797-9
references: 11095986
references: Eur J Pharmacol. 2006 Nov 21;550(1-3):39-46
references: 17034787
references: J Pharm Belg. 1996 Mar-Apr;51(2):69-71
references: 8786521
references: Farmaco. 1991 Jun;46(6):803-15
references: 1772565
references: Neurobiol Dis. 2001 Oct;8(5):890-9
references: 11592856
references: Life Sci. 1994;55(24):1965-71
references: 7990657
references: J Pharm Pharmacol. 1999 Aug;51(8):971-4
references: 10504039
references: Br J Nutr. 2008 May;99(5):945-51
references: 17927845
references: J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2007 Mar;42(3):549-58
references: 17223128
references: Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005 Sep 2;334(3):769-78
references: 16024000
references: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2003 Apr 1;23(4):622-9
references: 12615669
references: Annu Rev Nutr. 2000;20:561-93
references: 10940346
references: Drug Discov Today. 2001 Oct 15;6(20):1049-1055
references: 11590033
references: Lancet. 1997 Jan 18;349(9046):151-4
references: 9111537
references: Thromb Res. 1995 Apr 15;78(2):151-60
references: 7482432
references: J Chromatogr A. 1999 Sep 10;855(2):529-37
references: 10519090
references: Cent Afr J Med. 1999 Oct;45(10):269-74
references: 10823231
references: J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2003 Feb 25;785(1):187-91
references: 12535851
references: Neurology. 1999 May 12;52(8):1563-9
references: 10331679
references: J Nutr Biochem. 2004 Aug;15(8):461-6
references: 15302080
references: J Agric Food Chem. 1999 Jan;47(1):12-8
references: 10563841
references: Cardiovasc Res. 2006 Jan;69(1):186-97
references: 16157314
references: Am J Epidemiol. 1986 Dec;124(6):903-15
references: 3776973