title: Clinical presentation of chronic traumatic encephalopathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study was to examine the clinical presentation of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) in neuropathologically confirmed cases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six adult male subjects were selected from all cases of neuropathologically confirmed CTE at the Boston University Center for the Study of Traumatic Encephalopathy brain bank. Subjects were all athletes, had no comorbid neurodegenerative or motor neuron disease, and had next-of-kin informants to provide retrospective reports of the subjects' histories and clinical presentations. These interviews were conducted blind to the subjects' neuropathologic findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A triad of cognitive, behavioral, and mood impairments was common overall, with cognitive deficits reported for almost all subjects. Three subjects were asymptomatic at the time of death. Consistent with earlier case reports of boxers, 2 relatively distinct clinical presentations emerged, with one group whose initial features developed at a younger age and involved behavioral and/or mood disturbance (n = 22), and another group whose initial presentation developed at an older age and involved cognitive impairment (n = 11).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This suggests there are 2 major clinical presentations of CTE, one a behavior/mood variant and the other a cognitive variant.
authors: From the Center for the Study of Traumatic Encephalopathy (R.A.S., D.H.D., C.M.B., D.R.S., P.H.M., D.O.R., N.G.F., J.M.S., C.A.R., T.D.S., V.E.A., C.J.N., R.C.C., A.C.M.), BU Alzheimer's Disease Center (R.A.S., T.D.S., L.E.G., A.E.B., N.W.K., A.C.M.), Departments of Neurology (R.A.S., C.M.B., D.R.S., V.E.A., A.E.B., N.W.K., A.C.M.), Neurosurgery (R.A.S., R.C.C.), and Pathology (T.D.S., N.W.K., A.C.M.), Molecular Genetics Core Facility (I.S.), Boston University School of Medicine; Sports Legacy Institute (L.M., C.J.N., R.C.C.), Waltham; VA Boston Healthcare System (T.D.S., V.E.A., A.E.B., N.W.K., A.C.M.); Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Ophthalmology, Biomedical Engineering, and Electrical & Computer Engineering (L.E.G.), Boston University School of Medicine and College of Engineering; and Department of Neurosurgery (R.C.C.), Emerson Hospital, Concord, MA.
authors: Robert A
authors: RA
authors: Stern
authors: Daniel H
authors: DH
authors: Daneshvar
authors: Christine M
authors: CM
authors: Baugh
authors: Daniel R
authors: DR
authors: Seichepine
authors: Philip H
authors: PH
authors: Montenigro
authors: David O
authors: DO
authors: Riley
authors: Nathan G
authors: NG
authors: Fritts
authors: Julie M
authors: JM
authors: Stamm
authors: Clifford A
authors: CA
authors: Robbins
authors: Lisa
authors: L
authors: McHale
authors: Irene
authors: I
authors: Simkin
authors: Thor D
authors: TD
authors: Stein
authors: Victor E
authors: VE
authors: Alvarez
authors: Lee E
authors: LE
authors: Goldstein
authors: Andrew E
authors: AE
authors: Budson
authors: Neil W
authors: NW
authors: Kowall
authors: Christopher J
authors: CJ
authors: Nowinski
authors: Robert C
authors: RC
authors: Cantu
authors: Ann C
authors: AC
authors: McKee
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics; D001526:Behavioral Symptoms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D020208:Brain Injury, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E
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