title: Genomewide investigation into DNA elements and ABC transporters involved in imazalil resistance in Penicillium digitatum.
abstract: Penicillium digitatum, causing citrus green mold, is one of the most devastating pathogenic fungi for postharvest fruits. The disease control is becoming less efficient because of the dispersal of fungicide-resistant strains. However, genome-scale analyses of its resistance mechanism are scarce. In this work, we sequenced the whole genome of the R1 genotype strain Pd01-ZJU and investigated the genes and DNA elements highly associated with drug resistance. Variation in DNA elements related to drug resistance between P. digitatum strains was revealed in both copy number and chromosomal location, indicating that their recent and frequent translocation might have contributed to environmental adaptation. In addition, ABC transporter proteins in Pd01-ZJU were characterized, and the roles of typical subfamilies (ABCG, ABCC, and ABCB) in imazalil resistance were explored using real-time PCR. Seven ABC proteins, including the previously characterized PMR1 and PMR5, were induced by imazalil, which suggests a role in drug resistance. In summary, this work presents genome information of the R1 genotype P. digitatum and systematically investigates DNA elements and ABC proteins associated with imazalil resistance for the first time, which would be indicative for studying resistant mechanisms in other pathogenic fungi.
authors: Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors: Xuepeng
authors: X
authors: Sun
authors: Ruoxin
authors: R
authors: Ruan
authors: Lingyun
authors: L
authors: Lin
authors: Congyi
authors: C
authors: Zhu
authors: Tianyuan
authors: T
authors: Zhang
authors: Mingshuang
authors: M
authors: Wang
authors: Hongye
authors: H
authors: Li
authors: Dongliang
authors: D
authors: Yu
mesh_terms: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000235:genetics*; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D025141:Drug Resistance, Fungal; D018628:Gene Dosage; D014644:Genetic Variation; D016681:Genome, Fungal; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010407:Penicillium / Q000187:drug effects*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D004271:DNA, Fungal; D007093:Imidazoles; C017435:enilconazole
keywords: fungicide resistance; genome sequencing; pathogenic fungi