title: Diagnosing cardiovascular disease from the perspective of the brain and inflammation.
abstract: Numerous lifestyle, emotional, and biological factors have been identified as risk factors for heart disease. These include socioeconomic status, early childhood and intimate partner abuse, disruption of sleep patterns, lack of exercise, and unhealthy food choices. Genetic and epigenetic factors are also critical components of the equation. A common denominator that links directly or indirectly all of these factors is inflammation. In some instances, the production of inflammatory molecules may precipitate the illness, while in others they may be produced in response to the underlying cause. Regardless of whether through direct or indirect means, inflammation contributes to the gradual loss of cellular energy substrates, which culminates in impaired diastolic performance. For that reason, to refer to a failure of the cardiovascular system as heart or cardiovascular disease lessens the potentially important contribution of a myriad of other factors. This article begins with the premise that impaired cardiac functioning is more than a heart disorder. An argument will be made that impaired cardiac functioning can also be an economic, behavioral, and/or emotional disorder, which subsequently gives rise to a metabolic failure. Therefore, a multi-systems approach should be taken to identify prior to the onset of damage biological and non-biological predictors of impending heart disease.
authors: University of South Florida College of Nursing, Tampa, FL, USA. nhall@health.usf.edu
authors: Nicholas R S
authors: NR
authors: Hall
mesh_terms: D001294:Attitude to Health; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000378:metabolism*; D004644:Emotions; D015438:Health Behavior; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000150:complications*; D008019:Life Style; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications