title: The zoonotic, fish-borne liver flukes Clonorchis sinensis, Opisthorchis felineus and Opisthorchis viverrini.
abstract: Clonorchis sinensis, Opisthorchis felineus and Opisthorchis viverrini are the three most important liver flukes involved in human health, infecting more than 45 million people worldwide. Both C. sinensis and O. viverrini, and possibly O. felineus, can induce human cholangiocarcinoma as well as inducing other hepatobiliary pathology. Although the life cycles of all three species are similar, only that of O. felineus in Europe remains predominantly zoonotic, while O. felineus in Asia and C. sinensis have a stronger mixture of zoonotic and anthroponotic components in their life cycles. Opisthorchis viverrini from the Mekong area of southeastern Asia is predominantly anthroponotic. Here we discuss the comparative epidemiology of these three taxa comparing in detail the use of first, second and final animal hosts, and consider the potential role of humans in spreading these pathogens. In addition we discuss the genetic structure of all three species in relation to potentially cryptic species complexes.
authors: Institute of Zoology, Department of Ecology and Parasitology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kornblumenstrasse 13, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany.
authors: Trevor N
authors: TN
authors: Petney
authors: Ross H
authors: RH
authors: Andrews
authors: Weerachai
authors: W
authors: Saijuntha
authors: Alexandra
authors: A
authors: Wenz-Mücke
authors: Paiboon
authors: P
authors: Sithithaworn
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003003:Clonorchiasis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000635:transmission; D003004:Clonorchis sinensis; D005399:Fishes; D006801:Humans; D009889:Opisthorchiasis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000635:transmission; D009891:Opisthorchis; D015047:Zoonoses
keywords: Clonorchis sinensis; Epidemiology; Human pathogens; Opisthorchis felineus; Opisthorchis viverrini; Zoonotic cycles