title: Interleukin 6 mediates selected effects of Notch in chondrocytes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Notch receptors determine cell fate by regulating transcription, an event mediated by the Notch intracellular domain (NICD), which is generated by proteolysis brought about by Notch-ligand interactions. Since Notch activation or exposure to interleukin (Il)6 have similar effects in chondrocytes, we explored whether interleukin 6 (Il6) contributes to the mechanisms of Notch action in these cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  NICD was overexpressed in primary chondrocytes from Rosa(Notch) mice, where the Rosa26 promoter precedes a loxP-flanked STOP cassette followed by the NICD coding sequence. Cells were infected with adenoviral vectors expressing Cre to induce NICD or green fluorescent protein (GFP) as control. Gene expression was determined by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Il6 protein concentration in the culture media was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). To test the mechanisms of Notch action on Il6 expression, cells were transfected with a fragment of the Il6 promoter or control vector pGL3, or transcriptionally arrested with 5,6-dichloro-1-β-d-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole. Il6 was inhibited with a neutralizing antibody, whereas a normal immunoglobulin G (IgG) was used as control.
  
  
  RESULTS
  NICD induced Il6 mRNA and protein, and transactivated the Il6 promoter without affecting Il6 mRNA stability. Il6 neutralization had no impact on gene expression under basal conditions, and did not modify the effects of NICD on sex determining region-Y-related high mobility group-box gene (Sox)9, collagen type II α1 (Col2a1) and collagen type X α1 (Col10a1) expression. Conversely, Il6 neutralization opposed aggrecan (Acan) suppression and prevented matrix metalloprotease (Mmp)13 induction by NICD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Il6 mediates suppression of Acan and induction of Mmp13 expression by Notch in chondrocytes.
authors: Department of Research, Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, CT 06105, USA; The University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA. Electronic address: szanott@stfranciscare.org.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Zanotti
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Canalis
mesh_terms: D053674:Aggrecans / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000818:Animals; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D053509:Matrix Metalloproteinase 13 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D051880:Receptors, Notch / Q000502:physiology*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014162:Transfection; D000093242:Interleukin-6 Inhibitors
chemical_list: D053674:Aggrecans; D015850:Interleukin-6; D053509:Matrix Metalloproteinase 13; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051880:Receptors, Notch; D000093242:Interleukin-6 Inhibitors; C508320:Acan protein, mouse; C507081:Mmp13 protein, mouse
keywords: Acan; Chondrocytes; Col10a1; Il6; Mmp13; Notch
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