title: Potential secondary inoculum sources of Botrytis cinerea and their influence on bunch rot development in dry Mediterranean climate vineyards.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Epidemiological studies have described the life cycle of B. cinerea in vineyards. However, there is a lack of information on the several infection pathways and the quantitative relationships between secondary inoculum and bunch rot at harvest.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over two seasons, different spray programmes were used to determine key phenological stages for bunch rot development. Secondary inoculum sources within the bunch were also studied. The relative importance of flowering was evidenced in the given conditions, as treatments that included two fungicide applications at flowering were the most effective. In 2010, under conducive meteorological conditions for B. cinerea development after veraison, an extra application provided significantly higher control. Infections of necrotic tissues inside the bunch and latent infections developed mainly during flowering, while very low quantities of B. cinerea conidia were recovered from the fruit surface at veraison. Regression analysis correlated the incidence of latent infections and B. cinerea incidence on calyptras and aborted fruits at veraison with incidence of Botrytis bunch rot at harvest, presenting R2 = 0.95 for the overall regression model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This work points out key phenological stages during the season for bunch rot and B. cinerea secondary inoculum development and relates quantitatively inoculum sources at veraison to bunch rot at harvest. Recommendations for field applications of antibotrytic products are also suggested.
authors: Food Technology Department, Lleida University, XaRTA-Postharvest, Agrotecnio Center, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
authors: Carlos
authors: C
authors: Calvo-Garrido
authors: Josep
authors: J
authors: Usall
authors: Inmaculada
authors: I
authors: Viñas
authors: Philip Ag
authors: PA
authors: Elmer
authors: Elena
authors: E
authors: Cases
authors: Neus
authors: N
authors: Teixidó
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D020171:Botrytis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D005638:Fruit / Q000382:microbiology; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000633:toxicity; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D027843:Vitis / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D005659:Fungicides, Industrial
keywords: epidemiology; fungicide timing; latent infections; necrotic tissues; regression; surface inoculum