title: Unsuccessful cyclosporine plus prednisolone therapy for autoimmune meningoencephalitis in three dogs.
abstract: A 4-year-old female Maltese (case 1), a 9-year-old castrated male shih tzu (case 2) and 2-year-old female Pomeranian (case 3) presented with neurological signs, such as head tilt, ataxia, circling and paresis. The three cases were tentatively diagnosed as having meningoencephalitis of unknown etiology based on computed tomography scan and cerebrospinal fluid analysis. All patients were managed with cyclosporine plus prednisolone therapy. The survival times of the three patients were 170, 70 and 21 days, respectively. After the cases died, we performed necropsy and histopathological examination for definitive diagnosis. Based on the necropsy, histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations, cases 1, 2 and 3 were definitely diagnosed as having necrotizing meningoencephalitis, necrotizing leukoencephalitis and granulomatous meningoencephalitis, respectively. This case report demonstrated the clinical findings, brain CT characteristics and histopathological and immunohistochemical features of NME, NLE and GME in dogs and discussed the reason for the relatively short survival times under cyclosporine plus prednisolone therapy.
authors: Research Institute of Life Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, South Korea.
authors: Dong-In
authors: DI
authors: Jung
authors: Hee-Chun
authors: HC
authors: Lee
authors: Jeongim
authors: J
authors: Ha
authors: Hae-Won
authors: HW
authors: Jung
authors: Joon-Hyeok
authors: JH
authors: Jeon
authors: Jong-Hyun
authors: JH
authors: Moon
authors: Jae-Hoon
authors: JH
authors: Lee
authors: Na-Hyun
authors: NH
authors: Kim
authors: Jung-Hyang
authors: JH
authors: Sur
authors: Byeong-Teck
authors: BT
authors: Kang
authors: Kyu-Woan
authors: KW
authors: Cho
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004285:Dogs; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination / Q000662:veterinary; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D008590:Meningoencephalitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D011239:Prednisolone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000662:veterinary; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D016572:Cyclosporine; D011239:Prednisolone
references: J Small Anim Pract. 2006 Oct;47(10):588-95
references: 17004951
references: J Vet Med Sci. 2003 Nov;65(11):1233-9
references: 14665754
references: J Vet Med Sci. 2007 Mar;69(3):241-5
references: 17409638
references: J Vet Med Sci. 2007 Nov;69(11):1195-8
references: 18057839
references: J Vet Intern Med. 2007 Jan-Feb;21(1):100-6
references: 17338156
references: J Small Anim Pract. 2006 Apr;47(4):201-6
references: 16573763
references: J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1986 Feb 15;188(4):387-92
references: 3949614
references: J Vet Med Sci. 2009 Jan;71(1):99-100
references: 19194083
references: J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1978 May 15;172(10):1195-200
references: 659301
references: J Vet Intern Med. 2011 Nov-Dec;25(6):1391-7
references: 22092633
references: Clin Tech Small Anim Pract. 1999 Aug;14(3):125-47
references: 10457657
references: Vet Rec. 2003 Jun 14;152(24):739-48
references: 12833934
references: J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2004 Oct 15;225(8):1211-6, 1196
references: 15521442
references: J Small Anim Pract. 2007 Sep;48(9):486-96
references: 17617166
references: J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1998 Jun 15;212(12):1902-6
references: 9638190
references: J Vet Med Sci. 2004 Mar;66(3):295-7
references: 15107560
references: J Vet Med Sci. 2007 Dec;69(12):1303-6
references: 18176031
references: J Vet Intern Med. 2006 Mar-Apr;20(2):239-44
references: 16594578
references: J Vet Med Sci. 2012 Jun;74(6):765-9
references: 22214856
references: J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 2004 Aug;27(4):231-8
references: 15305852
references: Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2011 Apr 15;140(3-4):175-80
references: 21227512
references: Clin Tech Small Anim Pract. 1998 Aug;13(3):167-78
references: 9775507