title: Newborn infants' auditory system is sensitive to Western music chord categories.
abstract: Neural encoding of abstract rules in the audition of newborn infants has been recently demonstrated in several studies using event-related potentials (ERPs). In the present study the neural encoding of Western music chords was investigated in newborn infants. Using ERPs, we examined whether the categorizations of major vs. minor and consonance vs. dissonance are present at the level of the change-related mismatch response (MMR). Using an oddball paradigm, root minor, dissonant and inverted major chords were presented in a context of consonant root major chords. The chords were transposed to several different frequency levels, so that the deviant chords did not include a physically deviant frequency that could result in an MMR without categorization. The results show that the newborn infants were sensitive to both dissonant and minor chords but not to inverted major chords in the context of consonant root major chords. While the dissonant chords elicited a large positive MMR, the minor chords elicited a negative MMR. This indicates that the two categories were processed differently. The results suggest newborn infants are sensitive to Western music categorizations, which is consistent with the authors' previous studies in adults and school-aged children.
authors: Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Cognitive Science, Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland ; Finnish Centre of Excellence in Interdisciplinary Music Research, University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä, Finland.
authors: Paula
authors: P
authors: Virtala
authors: Minna
authors: M
authors: Huotilainen
authors: Eino
authors: E
authors: Partanen
authors: Vineta
authors: V
authors: Fellman
authors: Mari
authors: M
authors: Tervaniemi
keywords: auditory processing; development; electroencephalography (EEG); enculturation; event-related potentials (ERP); mismatch negativity (MMN); music
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