title: Molecular characterization of Trichinella spiralis aminopeptidase and its potential as a novel vaccine candidate antigen against trichinellosis in BALB/c mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Trichinella spiralis is an intracellular parasite that can cause a serious threat to human health by causing trichinellosis. The aminopeptidase (AP) was found in the proteins produced by T. spiralis infective larvae after in vitro co-culture with intestinal epithelial cells, but its characteristics and function are unknown. The purpose of this study was to identify the T. spiralis aminopeptidase (TsAP) and to investigate its potential as a vaccine candidate antigen against T. spiralis infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  T. spiralis aminopeptidase (TsAP) gene encoding a 54.7 kDa protein was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli, and purified recombinant TsAP protein was used to immunize BALB/c mice. The antibodies obtained were used to determine where TsAP was localized in the parasite. Transcription and expression of TsAP in different developmental stages of T. spiralis were observed by RT-PCR and Immunofluorescence test (IFT). The immune protection of recombinant TsAP protein against T. spiralis infection in BALB/c mice was evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Anti-TsAP antibodies recognized the native protein migrating at 54.7 kDa by Western blotting of the crude antigens from muscle larvae. Transcription and expression of TsAP gene was observed in different developmental stages (adult worms, newborn larvae, pre-encapsulated larvae and muscle larvae). TsAP appears to be a cytoplasmic protein located primarily at the cuticle and internal organs of this parasite. After a challenge infection with T. spiralis infective larvae, mice immunized with the recombinant TsAP protein displayed a 38.1% reduction in adult worm burden and 59.1% reduction in muscle larval burden.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, T. spiralis aminopeptidase (TsAP) was first characterized and will help reveal its potential biological functions. TsAP is a novel potential vaccine candidate antigen that merits further investigation.
authors: Ya
authors: Y
authors: Zhang
authors: Zhong
authors: Z
authors: Wang
authors: Ling
authors: L
authors: Li
authors: Jing
authors: J
authors: Cui
mesh_terms: D000626:Aminopeptidases / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D000947:Antigens, Helminth / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D015801:Helminth Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D017160:Trichinella spiralis / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D014235:Trichinellosis / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014612:Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000947:Antigens, Helminth; D015801:Helminth Proteins; D014612:Vaccines; D000626:Aminopeptidases
references: Exp Parasitol. 2013 Jun;134(2):148-54
references: 23501807
references: Int J Parasitol. 2007 Feb;37(2):139-48
references: 17007860
references: Anal Biochem. 1976 May 7;72:248-54
references: 942051
references: J Parasitol. 1998 Feb;84(1):1-7
references: 9488329
references: Res Vet Sci. 2006 Dec;81(3):297-303
references: 16516940
references: Zhongguo Ji Sheng Chong Xue Yu Ji Sheng Chong Bing Za Zhi. 2010 Oct 30;28(5):348-52
references: 21351546
references: Exp Parasitol. 2011 Dec;129(4):393-401
references: 21907709
references: J Parasitol. 1973 Oct;59(5):933-5
references: 4744524
references: Vaccine. 2006 Feb 20;24(8):1205-12
references: 16202484
references: Int J Parasitol. 1998 Nov;28(11):1681-90
references: 9846604
references: Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2012 Jan;9(1):27-31
references: 21988397
references: J Proteomics. 2012 Apr 18;75(8):2375-83
references: 22348823
references: J Parasitol. 1970 Jun;56(3):540-9
references: 5421091
references: FASEB J. 1993 Feb 1;7(2):290-8
references: 8440407
references: Exp Parasitol. 2010 Apr;124(4):403-8
references: 20045697
references: J Parasitol. 2013 Jun;99(3):426-32
references: 23252743
references: Parasitology. 2003 Jun;126(Pt 6):591-8
references: 12866798
references: Infect Immun. 1999 Apr;67(4):1954-61
references: 10085042
references: Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2010 Aug;7(8):879-85
references: 20524897
references: Int J Parasitol. 2004 May;34(6):703-14
references: 15111092
references: J Parasitol. 1986 Aug;72(4):507-11
references: 3783344
references: Infect Immun. 1997 Nov;65(11):4806-12
references: 9353069
references: Parasit Vectors. 2011 Mar 23;4:42
references: 21429196
references: Filaria J. 2006 May 22;5:7
references: 16716219
references: Exp Parasitol. 1992 Sep;75(2):213-22
references: 1516669
references: Int J Parasitol. 1982 Dec;12(6):495-502
references: 6298132
references: Parasitol Today. 1998 Aug;14(8):318-23
references: 17040798
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Sep;76(9):4350-4
references: 388439
references: Parasitol Res. 2013 May;112(5):1857-63
references: 23420409
references: Parasitol Res. 2011 Mar;108(3):593-9
references: 20922411
references: Parasitol Res. 1999 Jan;85(1):47-58
references: 9950228
references: Vet Parasitol. 2009 May 26;162(1-2):171-5
references: 19269100