title: Update on current and future novel therapies for dry age-related macular degeneration.
abstract: Age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in developed countries. There are currently no cures, but there are promising potential therapies that target the underlying disease mechanisms of dry ARMD. Stem cells, ciliary neurotrophic factor, rheopheresis, ozonated autohemotherapy and prostaglandins show promise in stabilizing or improving visual acuity. Age-Related Eye Disease Study vitamins may reduce progression to severe ARMD. Adjuvant therapy like low vision rehabilitation and implantable miniature telescopes may help patients adjust to the sequelae of their disease, and herbal supplementation with saffron, zinc monocysteine and phototrop may be helpful. Therapies that are currently in clinical trials include brimonidine, doxycycline, anti-amyloid antibodies (GSK933776 and RN6G), RPE65 inhibitor (ACU-4429), complement inhibitors (ARC1905, FCFD4514S), hydroxychloroquine, intravitreal fluocinolone acetate and vasodilators like sildenafil, moxaverine and MC-1101. Therapies that have not been shown to be effective include POT-4, eculizumab, tandospirone, anecortave acetate, the antioxidant OT-551, sirolimus and vitamin E.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary, NY, USA.
authors: Ella
authors: E
authors: Leung
authors: Gennady
authors: G
authors: Landa
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003167:Complement Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D003165:Complement System Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D057092:Geographic Atrophy / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D003165:Complement System Proteins