title: Reproducibility of 6- and 4-category faces pain scale to the assessment of temporomandibular joint pain and muscle in school-age children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to compare the levels of reproducibility between two Faces Pain Scales (FPS) of 6 and 4 categories to the assessment of pain intensity on children with and without Temporomandibular joint and muscle pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 29 children were recruited: 13 symptomatic (9.79 ± 1.36 years old) and 16 asymptomatic (8.69 ± 0.87 years old). One previously-trained examiner applied manual palpation to evaluate orofacial structures, and FPS to assess pain intensity. All children were initial evaluated using 6-category FPS and after 3 days using 4-category FPS. The children were assessed after a seven day time interval from initial and second sessions. Weighted Kappa coefficient was used to verify reproducibility levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Similar levels of reproducibility (moderate and fair kappa values) have been verified with the application of the 6-category FPS on symptomatic and asymptomatic children. Similar results were verified using 4-category FPS on symptomatic and asymptomatic children (poor and fair kappa values).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher levels of reproducibility were verified with the application of the 6-category FPS in both groups and considering symptomatic and asymptomatic as single group. In this way, the 6-category FPS should be preferred over the 4-category FPS to assess pain intensity on children's orofacial structures.
authors: T C
authors: TC
authors: Chaves
authors: A M
authors: AM
authors: Turci
authors: H M
authors: HM
authors: Nagamine
authors: L M
authors: LM
authors: de Souza
authors: A S
authors: AS
authors: de Oliveira
authors: D B
authors: DB
authors: Grossi
mesh_terms: D059925:Anatomic Landmarks / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D005157:Facial Pain / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008406:Masseter Muscle / Q000473:pathology; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010173:Palpation / Q000379:methods; D011626:Pterygoid Muscles / Q000473:pathology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013703:Temporal Muscle / Q000473:pathology; D013704:Temporomandibular Joint / Q000473:pathology; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D013706:Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis*
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