title: Spinal anesthesia: should everyone receive a urinary catheter?: a randomized, prospective study of patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of this randomized prospective study was to determine whether a urinary catheter is necessary for all patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty under spinal anesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty under spinal anesthesia were randomized to treatment with or without insertion of an indwelling urinary catheter. All patients received spinal anesthesia with 15 to 30 mg of 0.5% bupivacaine. The catheter group was subjected to a standard postoperative protocol, with removal of the indwelling catheter within forty-eight hours postoperatively. The experimental group was monitored for urinary retention and, if necessary, had straight catheterization up to two times prior to the placement of an indwelling catheter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred patients were included in the study. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of the prevalence of urinary retention, the prevalence of urinary tract infection, or the length of stay. Nine patients in the no-catheter group and three patients in the catheter group (following removal of the catheter) required straight catheterization because of urinary retention. Three patients in the catheter group and no patient in the no-catheter group had development of urinary tract infection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty under spinal anesthesia appear to be at low risk for urinary retention. Thus, a routine indwelling catheter is not required for such patients.
authors: Rothman Institute, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
authors: Adam G
authors: AG
authors: Miller
authors: James
authors: J
authors: McKenzie
authors: Max
authors: M
authors: Greenky
authors: Erica
authors: E
authors: Shaw
authors: Kishor
authors: K
authors: Gandhi
authors: William J
authors: WJ
authors: Hozack
authors: Javad
authors: J
authors: Parvizi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D019644:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011184:Postoperative Period; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014546:Urinary Catheterization; D062885:Urinary Catheters; D016055:Urinary Retention / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology