title: The type of adjuvant strongly influences the T-cell response during nanoparticle-based immunization.
abstract: Potent vaccines require the ability to effectively induce immune responses. Especially for the control of infectious diseases with intracellular pathogens, like viruses or bacteria, potent T-cell responses are indispensable. Several delivery systems such as nanoparticles have been considered to boost the immunogenicity of pathogen derived peptides or subunits for the induction of potent T-cell responses. Since they can be further functionalized with immunostimulants, like Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists, they improve the response by enhanced activation of the innate immune system. Currently, TLR agonists like unmethylated CpG oligonucleotides and the synthetic dsRNA derivate polyriboinosinic acid-polyribocytidylic acid (poly[I:C]) are widely used as vaccine adjuvants. CpG and poly(I:C) trigger different TLRs and therefore show differential signal transduction. Recently, we established biodegradable calcium phosphate (CaP) nanoparticles as potent T cell inducing vaccination vehicles. In this commentary we discuss the role of CpG and poly(I:C) for the effective induction of virus-specific T cells during immunization with CaP nanoparticles. The presented results underline the importance of the right formulation of vaccines for specific immunization purpose.
authors: Infection Immunology; Institute of Medical Microbiology; University Hospital Essen; University of Duisburg-Essen; Essen, Germany.
authors: Torben
authors: T
authors: Knuschke
authors: Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; University of Duisburg-Essen; Campus Essen, and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE); Essen, Germany.
authors: Matthias
authors: M
authors: Epple
authors: Infection Immunology; Institute of Medical Microbiology; University Hospital Essen; University of Duisburg-Essen; Essen, Germany.
authors: Astrid M
authors: AM
authors: Westendorf
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization / Q000379:methods*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011070:Poly I-C / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000819:agonists*; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology*; D014780:Viruses / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; C408982:CPG-oligonucleotide; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D014765:Viral Vaccines; C020243:calcium phosphate; D011070:Poly I-C
keywords: T-cell immunity; calcium phosphate; influenza virus; nanoparticles; vaccine
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