title: Allyl isothiocyanate sensitizes TRPV1 to heat stimulation.
abstract: The powerful plant-derived irritant allyl isothiocyanate (AITC, aka mustard oil) induces hyperalgesia to heat in rodents and humans through mechanisms that are not yet fully understood. It is generally believed that AITC activates the broadly tuned chemosensory cation channel transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1 (TRPA1), triggering an inflammatory response that sensitizes the heat sensor transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1). In the view of recent data demonstrating that AITC can directly activate TRPV1, we here explored the possibility that this compound sensitizes TRPV1 to heat stimulation in a TRPA1-independent manner. Patch-clamp recordings and intracellular Ca(2+) imaging experiments in HEK293T cells over-expressing mouse TRPV1 revealed that the increase in channel activation induced by heating is larger in the presence of AITC than in control conditions. The analysis of the effects of AITC and heat on the current-voltage relationship of TRPV1 indicates that the mechanism of sensitization is based on additive shifts of the voltage dependence of activation towards negative voltages. Finally, intracellular Ca(2+) imaging experiments in mouse sensory neurons isolated from Trpa1 KO mice yielded that AITC enhances the response to heat, specifically in the subpopulation expressing TRPV1. Furthermore, this effect was strongly reduced by the TRPV1 inhibitor capsazepine and virtually absent in neurons isolated from double Trpa1/Trpv1 KO mice. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that TRPV1 is a locus for cross sensitization between AITC and heat in sensory neurons and may help explaining, at least in part, the role of this channel in AITC-induced hyperalgesia to heat.
authors: Laboratory for Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and TRP Research Platform Leuven (TRPLe), KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
authors: Yeranddy A
authors: YA
authors: Alpizar
authors: Brett
authors: B
authors: Boonen
authors: Maarten
authors: M
authors: Gees
authors: Alicia
authors: A
authors: Sanchez
authors: Bernd
authors: B
authors: Nilius
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Voets
authors: Karel
authors: K
authors: Talavera
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002211:Capsaicin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D006930:Hyperalgesia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism; D017879:Isothiocyanates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D011984:Sensory Receptor Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D000074025:TRPA1 Cation Channel; D050916:TRPV Cation Channels / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013697:Thermosensing; D050051:Transient Receptor Potential Channels / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D017879:Isothiocyanates; D000074025:TRPA1 Cation Channel; D050916:TRPV Cation Channels; C493921:TRPV1 protein, mouse; D050051:Transient Receptor Potential Channels; C475685:Trpa1 protein, mouse; C071423:capsazepine; D002211:Capsaicin; D002118:Calcium
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