title: Effects of home bleaching on surface hardness and surface roughness of an experimental nanocomposite.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Home bleaching agents may not be safe for composite resins. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of 10 and 20% Opalescence(®) PF home bleaching agents on the surface roughness and hardness of universal nanocomposite (Filtek Z350), anterior nanocomposite (KeLFiL), and nanohybrid composite (TPH 3).
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-four composite resin samples with 18 samples for each type of composite resin were prepared using acrylic molds (4 × 2 mm). Each type of composite resin was further divided into three groups [n = 6 controls were placed in distilled water for 14 days and the other two groups of n = 6 were bleached with 10 and 20% carbamide peroxide (CP), respectively for 14 days]. Surface hardness of the composite resin was tested with a Vickers hardness tester, whereas surface roughness was tested with atomic force microscopy (AFM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significant changes in the surface hardness of KeLFiL and TPH 3. However, all the tested materials showed no significant changes in the surface roughness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After 14 days of home bleaching treatment, there was no adverse effect on the surface roughness of all three composite resins, although the surface hardness for KeLFiL and TPH 3 were significantly reduced.
authors: Prosthodontics Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
authors: Ab-Ghani
authors: AG
authors: Zuryati
authors: Ooi Qian
authors: OQ
authors: Qian
authors: Mohamad
authors: M
authors: Dasmawati
keywords: Bleaching; composite; hardness; surface roughness
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