title: A review of treatment and management modalities for premenstrual dysphoric disorder.
abstract: Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) affects 5 to 8 percent of women and can significantly decrease their quality of life. Symptoms generally present during the late luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and can affect women emotionally, behaviorally, cognitively and physiologically. This article reviews the clinical literature on PMDD and the evidence behind various methods of symptom management. Evidence suggests that a holistic approach, including lifestyle modifications, pharmacotherapy and cognitive behavioral therapy, is most beneficial for symptom reduction and improvement in daily functioning and quality of life.
authors: School of Nursing at the University of North Carolina Wilmington in Wilmington, NC, USA.
authors: Kelli
authors: K
authors: Kelderhouse
authors: Julie Smith
authors: JS
authors: Taylor
mesh_terms: D001521:Behavior Therapy; D000529:Complementary Therapies; D003277:Contraceptives, Oral, Combined; D017281:Cost of Illness; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D011293:Premenstrual Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D011788:Quality of Life
chemical_list: D003277:Contraceptives, Oral, Combined
keywords: PMDD; PMS; premenstrual dysphoric disorder