title: Renal injury and Nrf2 modulation in mouse kidney following chronic exposure to TiO₂ nanoparticles.
abstract: TiO₂ nanoparticles (NPs) are used in the food industry but have potential toxic effects in humans and animals. TiO₂ NPs impair renal function and cause oxidative stress and renal inflammation in mice, associated with inhibition of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which regulates genes encoding many antioxidants and detoxifying enzymes. This study determined whether TiO₂ NPs activated the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Mice exhibited accumulation of reactive oxygen species and peroxidation of lipid, protein, and DNA in the kidney, coupled with renal dysfunction, glutathione depletion, inflammatory cell infiltration, fatty degeneration, and apoptosis. These were associated with increased expression of NOX4, cyclooxygenase-2, and nuclear factor-κB. Oxidative stress and inflammation were accompanied by decreased expression of Nrf2 and down-regulation of its target gene products including heme oxygenase 1, glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit, and glutathione S-transferase. Chronic TiO₂ NP exposure is associated with suppression of Nrf2, which contributes to the pathogenesis of oxidative stress and inflammation.
authors: Medical College of Soochow University , Suzhou 215123, China.
authors: Suxin
authors: S
authors: Gui
authors: Bingyan
authors: B
authors: Li
authors: Xiaoyang
authors: X
authors: Zhao
authors: Lei
authors: L
authors: Sheng
authors: Jie
authors: J
authors: Hong
authors: Xiaohong
authors: X
authors: Yu
authors: Xuezi
authors: X
authors: Sang
authors: Qingqing
authors: Q
authors: Sun
authors: Yuguan
authors: Y
authors: Ze
authors: Ling
authors: L
authors: Wang
authors: Fashui
authors: F
authors: Hong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000293:injuries / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D014025:Titanium / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium