title: [APOBEC3 hypermutations in HIV-1 infected cases in Turkey].
abstract: Host genetic factors may play an effective role on the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pathogenesis. APOBEC3 (apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide like-3) proteins are cellular antiviral proteins which inhibits HIV replication in the absence of vif (virion infectivity factor). In this study, we aimed to determine the APOBEC 3G/F hypermutations in HIV-1 strains isolated in Turkey. A total of 515 HIV-1 infected patients between June 2009 - February 2012 were included in the study. Three hundred ninety four cases were newly diagnosed antiretroviral-naive patients [349 male, 45 female; median age (range): 37.1 (2-69) years; median CD4+ T-cell count (range): 340 (1-1660) mm3; median HIV-RNA load (range): 5.76 + E5 (8.7 + E2-9.4 + E6) IU/ml] and 121 were under HAART therapy [99 male, 22 female; median age (range): 40.7 (20-70) years; median CD4+ T-cell count (range): 195 (6-720) mm3; median HIV-RNA load (range): 5.4 + E5 (1.37 + E3-1.07 + E7) IU/ml]. APOBEC 3G/F hypermutations in HIV-1 pol sequences (reverse transcriptase; codons 41-238 and protease; codons 1-99) analysed by nested RT-PCR and direct sequencing techniques. APOBEC 3G/F hypermutations have been determined by using of HIVdb-Stanford algorithm. The prevalence of overall APOBEC 3G/F hypermutations was 2.5% (13/515) in HIV-1 pol gene sequences in study group, and the rates were 2% (8/394) and 4.1% (5/121) in antiretroviral naive and treatment groups, respectively. However, the location and marker hypermutations of determined APOBEC in the HIV-1 pol gene sequences were RT and 3G in the Turkish patients. The hypermutated HIV-1 strains identified in HIV-1 infected patients may facilitate our understanding the nature and the consequences of HIV-1 infections. Moreover, investigations of the motif and frequency of APOBEC 3G/F hypermutations in HIV-1 proviral DNA samples and understanding their relationships with HIV-1 subtypes in Turkish patients would be beneficial.
authors: Kocaeli University Medical Faculty Hospital, Central Laboratory, PCR Unit, Kocaeli, Turkey. sayanmurat@hotmail.com.
authors: Murat
authors: M
authors: Sayan
authors: Funda
authors: F
authors: Simşek
authors: Nurgül
authors: N
authors: Ceran
authors: Başak
authors: B
authors: Dokuzoğuz
authors: Haluk
authors: H
authors: Eraksoy
mesh_terms: D000071478:APOBEC Deaminases; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase; D043525:Cytosine Deaminase / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011533:Proviruses / Q000235:genetics; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D027041:Somatic Hypermutation, Immunoglobulin / Q000235:genetics; D014421:Turkey; D019562:Viral Load; D055815:Young Adult; D054302:pol Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral; D054302:pol Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; D043525:Cytosine Deaminase; D000071478:APOBEC Deaminases; C502889:APOBEC3 proteins, human; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase