title: Effects of different training modalities on circulating anabolic/catabolic markers in chronic heart failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Muscle wasting in chronic heart failure (CHF) is a result of increased catabolism induced by proinflammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6), and decreased anabolism due to alterations in the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)/growth hormone (GH) axis. The goal of this study was to analyze the effects of 3 different training modalities (endurance training, strength training, and combined strength and endurance training [CT]) on circulating cytokines, IGF-1, and GH levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with CHF (N = 45), NYHA class II-III, left ventricular ejection fraction < 35%, were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 training modalities. They trained for 40 sessions, 3 times weekly. Fifteen CHF patients served as a control group. Blood samples were collected at baseline and 48 hours after the last training session.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant decrease in circulating IL-6 with all 3 training modalities. Tumor necrosis factor α levels decreased in the training groups and reached statistical significance for the CT group. No change was observed in the control group. There was no difference between the 4 groups. When comparing all trained patients with the control group, the decrease in IL-6 was significant. Concerning IGF-1 and GH, there was no change with training and no change in the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exercise training has no effects on circulating IGF-1 and GH. The decreases in cytokines are evident only when all trained patients are compared with the control group, independently of the modality of training intervention.
authors: Department of Cardiology, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg. feiereisen.patrick@chl.lu
authors: Patrick
authors: P
authors: Feiereisen
authors: Michel
authors: M
authors: Vaillant
authors: Georges
authors: G
authors: Gilson
authors: Charles
authors: C
authors: Delagardelle
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000097:blood* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D055070:Resistance Training
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D019382:Human Growth Hormone; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I