title: Are patients with schizophrenia impaired in processing non-emotional features of human faces?
abstract: It is known that individuals with schizophrenia exhibit signs of impaired face processing, however, the exact perceptual and cognitive mechanisms underlying these deficits are yet to be elucidated. One possible source of confusion in the current literature is the methodological and conceptual inconsistencies that can arise from the varied treatment of different aspects of face processing relating to emotional and non-emotional aspects of face perception. This review aims to disentangle the literature by focusing on the performance of patients with schizophrenia in a range of tasks that required processing of non-emotional features of face stimuli (e.g., identity or gender). We also consider the performance of patients on non-face stimuli that share common elements such as familiarity (e.g., cars) and social relevance (e.g., gait). We conclude by exploring whether observed deficits are best considered as "face-specific" and note that further investigation is required to properly assess the potential contribution of more generalized attentional or perceptual impairments.
authors: School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne Parkville, VIC, Australia.
authors: Hayley
authors: H
authors: Darke
authors: Joel S
authors: JS
authors: Peterman
authors: Sohee
authors: S
authors: Park
authors: Suresh
authors: S
authors: Sundram
authors: Olivia
authors: O
authors: Carter
keywords: detection; face; gait; identity; perception; recognition; schizophrenia; vision
references: J Abnorm Psychol. 1996 May;105(2):271-5
references: 8723008
references: Trends Cogn Sci. 2002 Jun 1;6(6):255-260
references: 12039607
references: Schizophr Res. 2008 Aug;103(1-3):283-92
references: 18450426
references: Perception. 1986;15(4):387-97
references: 3822723
references: Neuropsychologia. 2006;44(12):2437-44
references: 16806310
references: Am J Psychiatry. 2005 Oct;162(10):1963-6
references: 16199846
references: J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 1993 Fall;5(4):384-94
references: 8286936
references: Br J Psychiatry. 2004 Aug;185:169-70
references: 15286070
references: Vision Res. 2009 Jan;49(2):268-83
references: 19022276
references: Br J Clin Psychol. 1991 Nov;30(4):359-66
references: 1777757
references: Schizophr Res. 2011 Apr;127(1-3):163-70
references: 21186098
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Dec 9;105(49):19514-9
references: 19033466
references: Brain Res Rev. 2007 Apr;54(1):92-112
references: 17306884
references: Nat Neurosci. 2003 Sep;6(9):989-95
references: 12925854
references: Emotion. 2009 Apr;9(2):238-47
references: 19348535
references: Psychiatry Res. 2006 Dec 7;145(2-3):105-17
references: 17081620
references: Neuroreport. 2004 Apr 9;15(5):777-80
references: 15073513
references: Schizophr Res. 2000 May 25;43(1):11-20
references: 10828411
references: Psychiatry Res. 2012 Jan 30;195(1-2):18-26
references: 21824666
references: J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2005 Feb;31(1):210-220
references: 15709874
references: J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2013 Feb;39(1):133-55
references: 22564158
references: Nat Neurosci. 2008 Aug;11(8):877-9
references: 18622399
references: Schizophr Res. 2007 Sep;95(1-3):186-96
references: 17644314
references: Schizophr Bull. 1996;22(3):535-44
references: 8873303
references: Psychol Sci. 2011 Apr;22(4):464-71
references: 21393576
references: Psychiatry Res. 2007 Apr 15;150(3):227-35
references: 17313979
references: Q J Exp Psychol A. 1996 May;49(2):295-314
references: 8685385
references: Schizophr Res. 2000 Sep 29;45(1-2):115-21
references: 10978879
references: J Abnorm Psychol. 1993 May;102(2):312-8
references: 8315144
references: Trends Cogn Sci. 2000 Jun;4(6):223-233
references: 10827445
references: J Abnorm Psychol. 2000 Aug;109(3):512-6
references: 11016120
references: J Abnorm Psychol. 1980 Jun;89(3):409-18
references: 7410708
references: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1995 Oct;52(10):805-18; discussion 819-20
references: 7575100
references: Psychiatry Res. 2012 Jan 30;195(1-2):9-17
references: 21803427
references: Psychol Rep. 2003 Oct;93(2):393-4
references: 14650660
references: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2002 Nov;59(11):1011-20
references: 12418934
references: Schizophr Res. 2009 Jan;107(1):92-8
references: 18947982
references: Schizophr Res. 1998 Nov 30;34(3):133-42
references: 9850979
references: Neuropsychologia. 2006;44(8):1361-9
references: 16513146
references: J Neurophysiol. 2004 Sep;92(3):1830-9
references: 15115795
references: Psychiatry Res. 2000 Apr 10;93(3):237-46
references: 10760382
references: J Nerv Ment Dis. 1994 Sep;182(9):503-7
references: 8083679
references: Schizophr Res. 2005 Sep 15;77(2-3):299-307
references: 15922565
references: J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2000 Apr;26(2):527-51
references: 10811161
references: Schizophr Res. 2004 May 1;68(1):27-35
references: 15037337
references: Schizophr Bull. 2010 Jul;36(4):680-7
references: 18953071
references: Biol Psychiatry. 2009 Jun 15;65(12):1094-8
references: 19268917
references: Schizophr Res. 2007 Sep;95(1-3):205-14
references: 17681736
references: Biol Psychiatry. 2000 Jul 15;48(2):127-36
references: 10903409
references: Neuroreport. 2000 Jul 14;11(10):2319-24
references: 10923693
references: Can J Psychiatry. 2005 Aug;50(9):525-33
references: 16262107
references: Schizophr Bull. 2011 Jul;37(4):709-15
references: 21436317
references: Cortex. 2010 Sep;46(8):965-81
references: 19683710
references: Cogn Neuropsychol. 2008 Feb;25(1):3-26
references: 18340601
references: Psychiatry Res. 2009 Dec 30;170(2-3):103-7
references: 19896209
references: Am J Psychiatry. 2006 Mar;163(3):455-62
references: 16513867
references: Br J Psychiatry. 2005 Dec;187:523-8
references: 16319404
references: J Nerv Ment Dis. 1993 Aug;181(8):494-502
references: 8360640
references: Behav Brain Res. 2005 Feb 28;157(2):195-204
references: 15639170
references: Neurology. 1988 May;38(5):690-6
references: 3362363
references: Schizophr Res. 1998 Aug 17;32(3):171-81
references: 9720122
references: Psychol Sci. 2002 Mar;13(2):194-6
references: 11934008
references: Schizophr Bull. 1986;12(3):447-59
references: 3764361
references: Clin Neurophysiol. 2012 Sep;123(9):1762-8
references: 22456098
references: Neuroimage. 2002 Jul;16(3 Pt 1):651-62
references: 12169250
references: Psychiatry Res. 2009 Sep 30;169(2):101-6
references: 19692127
references: Schizophr Bull. 2010 Sep;36(5):1009-19
references: 19329561
references: Psychol Med. 2001 Apr;31(3):499-507
references: 11305858
references: J Abnorm Psychol. 1996 Aug;105(3):336-48
references: 8772004
references: Schizophr Bull. 2008 May;34(3):538-43
references: 17965456
references: Psychiatry Res. 2002 Sep 15;112(1):41-50
references: 12379449
references: Front Psychol. 2013 Jul 05;4:414
references: 23847581
references: Psychol Med. 2010 Jun;40(6):911-9
references: 19775496
references: Biol Psychiatry. 2005 Dec 15;58(12):937-46
references: 16084856
references: Psychiatry Res. 2006 Dec 1;148(2-3):205-16
references: 17095198
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Feb 10;106(6):1995-2000
references: 19179278
references: Clin Psychol Rev. 2002 Jul;22(6):789-832
references: 12214327
references: Schizophr Res. 2003 Jun 1;61(2-3):215-27
references: 12729873
references: Schizophr Res. 2010 May;118(1-3):81-7
references: 20133107
references: Br J Psychiatry. 2007 Aug;191:126-30
references: 17666496
references: J Abnorm Psychol. 2003 Feb;112(1):28-37
references: 12653411
references: Psychon Bull Rev. 2009 Oct;16(5):778-97
references: 19815781
references: Psychiatry Res. 2005 Mar 30;134(1):43-53
references: 15808289
references: Clin Psychol Sci. 2013 Jan 1;1(1):5-15
references: 23997995
references: Schizophr Res. 2009 Jul;112(1-3):99-103
references: 19419842
references: Neuropsychologia. 2011 Apr;49(5):1226-1235
references: 21333662
references: Am J Psychiatry. 2006 Mar;163(3):442-7
references: 16513865
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 May 10;102(19):6996-7001
references: 15860578
references: Schizophr Res. 2005 Oct 1;78(1):61-7
references: 16084696
references: J Abnorm Psychol. 1996 Aug;105(3):480-3
references: 8772021
references: J Neurosci. 2010 Mar 10;30(10):3777-81
references: 20220012
references: Neuropsychologia. 1996 Apr;34(4):247-61
references: 8657356
references: Front Psychol. 2012 Apr 03;3:98
references: 22493587
references: Schizophr Res. 1995 Sep;17(1):67-75
references: 8541252
references: Schizophr Res. 2012 Jan;134(1):95-100
references: 21868199
references: Psychol Med. 2011 May;41(5):937-47
references: 20810004
references: J Comp Neurol. 2007 Mar 10;501(2):290-301
references: 17226750
references: Neuropsychologia. 2002;40(5):503-11
references: 11749980
references: Brain. 1993 Aug;116 ( Pt 4):941-59
references: 8353717
references: Am J Psychiatry. 2002 Dec;159(12):1992-9
references: 12450947
references: Nat Rev Neurosci. 2005 Aug;6(8):641-51
references: 16062171
references: Cogn Neuropsychiatry. 2002 Feb;7(1):15-39
references: 16528403
references: Neuropsychologia. 2010 Aug;48(10):3062-8
references: 20600192
references: Clin Neurophysiol. 2009 Aug;120(8):1525-33
references: 19632149
references: Schizophr Res. 2001 Mar 30;48(2-3):235-53
references: 11295377
references: Br J Psychol. 1986 Aug;77 ( Pt 3):305-27
references: 3756376
references: Cogn Neuropsychiatry. 2000 May;5(2):81-104
references: 16571513