title: Changes in transfusion practice over time in the PICU.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent randomized clinical trials have shown the efficacy of a restrictive transfusion strategy in critically ill children. The impact of these trials on pediatric transfusion practice is unknown. Additionally, long-term trends in pediatric transfusion practice in the ICU have not been described. We assessed transfusion practice over time, including the effect of clinical trial publication.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single-center, retrospective observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 10-bed PICU in an urban academic medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Critically ill, nonbleeding children between the ages of 3 days and 14 years old, admitted to the University of Maryland Medical Center PICU between January 1, 1998, and December 31, 2009, excluding those with congenital heart disease, hemolytic anemia, and hemoglobinopathies.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the time period studied, 5,327 patients met inclusion criteria. Of these, 335 received at least one RBC transfusion while in the PICU. The overall proportion transfused declined from 10.5% in 1998 to 6.8% in 2009 (p = 0.007). Adjusted for acuity, the likelihood of transfusion decreased by calendar year of admission. In transfused patients, the pretransfusion hemoglobin level declined, from 10.5 g/dL to 9.3 g/dL, though these changes failed to meet statistical significance (p = 0.09). Neonatal age, respiratory failure, shock, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, and acidosis were associated with an increased likelihood of transfusion in both univariate and multivariable models.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The overall proportion of patients transfused between 1998 and 2009 decreased significantly. The magnitude of the decrease varied over time, and no additional change in transfusion practice occurred after the publication of a major pediatric clinical trial in 2007. Greater illness acuity and younger patient age were associated with an increased likelihood of transfusion.
authors: 1Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson, MS. 2Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. 3Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. 4Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA. 5Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
authors: Michael D
authors: MD
authors: Dallman
authors: Xinggang
authors: X
authors: Liu
authors: Anthony D
authors: AD
authors: Harris
authors: John R
authors: JR
authors: Hess
authors: Bennett B
authors: BB
authors: Edelman
authors: David J
authors: DJ
authors: Murphy
authors: Giora
authors: G
authors: Netzer
mesh_terms: D000046:Academic Medical Centers; D000138:Acidosis / Q000628:therapy*; D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017707:Erythrocyte Transfusion / Q000639:trends*; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D015278:Intensive Care Units, Pediatric / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009102:Multiple Organ Failure / Q000628:therapy*; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000628:therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins
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