title: Utility of cheiloscopy, rugoscopy, and dactyloscopy for human identification in a defined cohort.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Identification is of paramount importance in any forensic investigation. Positive identification of living or deceased using distinctive traits is a cornerstone of forensic science. The uniqueness of these patterns and subtle distinction between traits has offered worthy supplemental tools in establishing the true nature of facts.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The first aim of our study was to determine the most common pattern of lip prints, palatal rugae, and finger prints in the study subjects. Secondly, to determine if any specific pattern of lip print, palatal rugae, or the finger print concurs in individuals, and thereby establish a database of these prototypes for human identification from a defined cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample size comprised 100 female students of a dental college staying together in the hostel. Lip prints were recorded on a white bond sheet using lipstick, palatal rugae on dental casts, and finger prints using printer's blue ink.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our observation suggested that the reticular pattern of lip print, the wavy pattern of palatal rugae, and the loop pattern of finger prints were the predominant patterns. Correlation of the three parameters did not reveal significant differences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This approach of human identification utilizing conventional techniques and relevant parameters is pertinent in defined groups. However, larger representative sample with robust analytical tools may provide a necessary blueprint of human identification.
authors: Department of Oral Pathology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
authors: Vimi S
authors: VS
authors: Mutalik
authors: Aparna
authors: A
authors: Menon
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Jayalakshmi
authors: Asha
authors: A
authors: Kamath
authors: A R
authors: AR
authors: Raghu
keywords: Cheiloscopy; dactyloscopy; rugoscopy
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