title: Three-dimensional print of a liver for preoperative planning in living donor liver transplantation.
abstract: The growing demand for liver transplantation and the concomitant scarcity of cadaveric livers have increased the need for living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). Ensuring the safety of donors and recipients is critical. The preoperative identification of the vascular and biliary tract anatomy with 3-dimensional (3D) printing may allow better preoperative surgical planning, avert unnecessary surgery in patients with potentially unsuitable anatomy, and thereby decrease the complications of liver transplant surgery. We developed a protocol and successfully 3D-printed synthetic livers (along with their complex networks of vascular and biliary structures) replicating the native livers of 6 patients: 3 living donors and 3 respective recipients who underwent LDLT. To our knowledge, these are the first complete 3D-printed livers. Using standardized preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative assessments, we demonstrated identical anatomical and geometrical landmarks in the 3D-printed models and native livers.
authors: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland, OH.
authors: Nizar N
authors: NN
authors: Zein
authors: Ibrahim A
authors: IA
authors: Hanouneh
authors: Paul D
authors: PD
authors: Bishop
authors: Maggie
authors: M
authors: Samaan
authors: Bijan
authors: B
authors: Eghtesad
authors: Cristiano
authors: C
authors: Quintini
authors: Charles
authors: C
authors: Miller
authors: Lisa
authors: L
authors: Yerian
authors: Ryan
authors: R
authors: Klatte
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D059925:Anatomic Landmarks; D005260:Female; D006498:Hepatectomy / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008099:Liver / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D019520:Living Donors; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D064847:Multimodal Imaging; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011327:Printing; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome