title: [Antibiotic resistance in nontyphoidal salmonellae serovars in the Czech Republic].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine antibiotic resistance and incidence of multidrug resistance among Nontyphoidal salmonellae serovars isolated from humans.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive Salmonella isolates from patients, recovered in 48 microbiology laboratories in May 2012, were analyzed in the respective reference laboratories at the National Institute of Public Health. Strains were re-identified and differentiated into serovars. Their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) to 11 antibiotics were determined by the microdilution method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 25 serovars identified among 637 strains of Salmonella enterica, the most frequent were Enteritidis (87.0 %), Typhimurium (4.9 %), and monophasic Typhimurium 4,[5],12:i:- (2.0 %) and Mbandaka (0.6 %); other serovars were rare. Altogether 558 strains (87.6 %) were susceptible to all antibiotics tested and the remaining 79 strains were resistant to one or more antibiotics. The prevalence rates of resistance to individual antibiotics among 637 study strains were as follows: ampicillin 8.5%, tetracycline 5.7%, sulfamethoxazole 5.2%, cipro-floxacin 3.8%, and chloramphenicol 2.5%. Resistance to gentamicin, trimethoprim, and third and fourth generation cephalosporins was rare ( 0.5%) and none of the study strains showed resistance to meropenem. Three producers of extended spectrum beta-lactamase were multidrug resistant and two of them recovered from twins exhibited a different pattern of resistance. Resistant strains were most often assigned to the following serovars: Enteritidis (49.4%), Typhimurium (26.6%), and monophasic Typhimurium (15.2%). While only 7% (39 of 554 strains) of Enteritidis strains were resistant, the serovars Typhimurium and its monophasic variant 4,[5],12:i:- showed high rates of resistance, i.e. 66.7 and 92.3%, respectively. Furthermore, resistance was revealed in all strains of the serovars Virchow (n = 3), Kentucky (n = 1), and Newport (n = 1), in two of three strains of the serovar Infantis, and in one of two strains of the serovar Stanley. All five blood isolates were assigned to the serovar Enteritidis and one of them showed resistance to ciprofloxacin. Of 79 resistant strains, 26.6% showed resistance to ampicillin only and 24.1% to ciprofloxacin only, with multidrug resistance, i.e. resistance to three or more antibiotics, confirmed in 43.0% of strains.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite a relatively low prevalence of resistance to the antibiotics tested among 637 study strains, the following alarming findings were made: Detection of Salmonella enterica strains resistant to ciprofloxacin as the drug of choice or to higher generation cephalosporins and multidrug resistance revealed in two thirds of the strains of the serovar Typhimurium and in all but one strains of its monophasic variant 4,[5],12:i:-.
authors: Statni zdravotni ustav, Praha.
authors: Helena
authors: H
authors: Zemličková
authors: Daniela
authors: D
authors: Dědičová
authors: Vladislav
authors: V
authors: Jakubů
authors: Jakub
authors: J
authors: Mach
authors: Renata
authors: R
authors: Kolínská
authors: Eliška
authors: E
authors: Malíková
authors: Pavla
authors: P
authors: Urbášková
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Adámková
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Bartoniková
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Bártová
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Bendová
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Bergerová
authors: Z
authors: Z
authors: Bohunová
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Čápová
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Dovalová
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Glasnák
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Hanslianová
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Hásková
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Heinigeová
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Hermanová
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Horníková
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Horová
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Chmelařová
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Janečková
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Ježek
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Jindrák
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Kohnová
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Kolářová
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Krčková
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Kůrková
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Linhart
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Machučová
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Miklová
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Niemczyková
authors: O
authors: O
authors: Nyč
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Ochvatová
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Ouertani
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Paterová
authors: Z
authors: Z
authors: Pokorná
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Pomykal
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Sekáčová
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Scharfen
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Skačáni
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Steinerová
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Šimečková
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Štolbová
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Tejkalová
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Trojan
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Uhlířová
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Vašková
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Vesela
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Zálabská
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Zamazalová
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Záruba
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Železná
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018153:Czech Republic; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D019779:Salmonella enterica / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents