title: Acrylamide exposure among Turkish toddlers from selected cereal-based baby food samples.
abstract: In this study, acrylamide exposure from selected cereal-based baby food samples was investigated among toddlers aged 1-3 years in Turkey. The study contained three steps. The first step was collecting food consumption data and toddlers' physical properties, such as gender, age and body weight, using a questionnaire given to parents by a trained interviewer between January and March 2012. The second step was determining the acrylamide levels in food samples that were reported on by the parents in the questionnaire, using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. The last step was combining the determined acrylamide levels in selected food samples with individual food consumption and body weight data using a deterministic approach to estimate the acrylamide exposure levels. The mean acrylamide levels of baby biscuits, breads, baby bread-rusks, crackers, biscuits, breakfast cereals and powdered cereal-based baby foods were 153, 225, 121, 604, 495, 290 and 36 μg/kg, respectively. The minimum, mean and maximum acrylamide exposures were estimated to be 0.06, 1.43 and 6.41 μg/kg BW per day, respectively. The foods that contributed to acrylamide exposure were aligned from high to low as bread, crackers, biscuits, baby biscuits, powdered cereal-based baby foods, baby bread-rusks and breakfast cereals.
authors: Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Akdeniz University, 07059 Antalya, Turkey. Electronic address: fcengiz@akdeniz.edu.tr.
authors: Mehmet Fatih
authors: MF
authors: Cengiz
authors: Cennet Pelin Boyacı
authors: CP
authors: Gündüz
mesh_terms: D020106:Acrylamide / Q000032:analysis*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000737:chemistry; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007225:Infant Food / Q000032:analysis*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008297:Male; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014421:Turkey; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D020106:Acrylamide
keywords: Acrylamide; Cereal-based baby food; DI; EFSA; European Food Safety Authority; Exposure; GC–MS; IARC; International Agency for Research on Cancer; LOD; LOQ; TDI; Toddler; daily exposure; gas chromatography–mass spectrometry; limit of detection; limit of quantification; tolerable daily intake