title: Fatal upper gastrointestinal bleed arising from duodenal varices secondary to undiagnosed portal hypertension.
abstract: Duodenal varices are an unexpected source of upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage associated with high mortality. The prevalence of ectopic variceal bleeding accounts for 2-5% of all variceal bleeding; of this, only 17% occurs in the duodenum. Diagnosis is difficult, and insufficient evidence exists to demonstrate the best treatment option when haemorrhage occurs. We report the case of a 69-year-old man with a history of chronic alcoholism who presented to the emergency department (ED) with nausea, vomiting and several episodes of haematochezia. Diagnostic workup in the ED included CT with multiplanar reconstruction, which revealed a network of large tortuous blood vessels running near the second portion of the duodenum between the inferior vena cava and portal vein. The patient was emergently treated with endoscopic therapy and clipping of the vessel. This failed, and he was subsequently taken to the operating room for suture ligation of the bleeding duodenal varices.
authors: College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Kalamazoo Campus, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA.
authors: John V
authors: JV
authors: Larson
authors: Elizabeth A
authors: EA
authors: Steensma
authors: Leandra H
authors: LH
authors: Burke
authors: David M
authors: DM
authors: Bartholomew
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D004386:Duodenum / Q000098:blood supply*; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D006975:Hypertension, Portal / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D014648:Varicose Veins / Q000150:complications* / Q000209:etiology
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