title: Hsp70 vaccination-induced primary immune responses in efferent lymph of the draining lymph node.
abstract: Bovine paratuberculosis is a highly prevalent chronic infection of the small intestine in cattle, caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP). In earlier studies we showed the protective effect of Hsp70/DDA subunit vaccination against paratuberculosis. In the current study we set out to measure primary immune responses generated at the site of Hsp70 vaccination. Lymph vessel cannulation was performed to obtain efferent lymph from the prescapular lymph node draining the neck area where the vaccine was applied. Hsp70 vaccination induced a significant increase of CD21(+) B cells in efferent lymph, accounting for up to 40% of efferent cells post-vaccination. Proliferation (Ki67(+)) within the CD21(+) B cell and CD4(+) T cell populations peaked between day 3 and day 5 post-vaccination. From day 7, Hsp70-specific antibody secreting cells (ASCs) could be detected in efferent lymph. Hsp70-specific antibodies, mainly of the IgG1 isotype, were also detected from this time point onwards. However, post-vaccination IFN-γ production in efferent lymph was non-sustained. In conclusion, Hsp70-vaccination induces only limited Th1 type immune responsiveness as reflected in efferent lymph draining the vaccination site. This is in line with our previous observations in peripheral blood. The main primary immunological outcome of the Hsp70/DDA subunit vaccination is B cell activation and abundant Hsp70-specific IgG1 production. This warrants the question whether Hsp70-specific antibodies contribute to the observed protective effect of Hsp70 vaccination in calves.
authors: Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584CL Utrecht, The Netherlands. Electronic address: m.vrieling@umcutrecht.nl.
authors: Manouk
authors: M
authors: Vrieling
authors: Wiebren
authors: W
authors: Santema
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Vordermeier
authors: Victor
authors: V
authors: Rutten
authors: Ad
authors: A
authors: Koets
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D000921:Antibody-Producing Cells / Q000276:immunology; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D002417:Cattle; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D008196:Lymph / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000276:immunology*; D009162:Mycobacterium avium / Q000276:immunology*; D010283:Paratuberculosis / Q000517:prevention & control; D017464:Receptors, Complement 3d / Q000032:analysis; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D017464:Receptors, Complement 3d
keywords: 70kDa heat-shock protein; ASC; ConA; Concanavalin A; DDA; Hsp70; MAP; Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis; Paratuberculosis; Vaccination; antibody secreting cell; dimethyl dodecyl ammonium bromide