title: Targeting Cdc42 in cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Rho GTPases are a family of proteins that control fundamental cellular processes in response to extracellular stimuli and internal programs. Rho GTPases function as molecular switches in which the GTP-bound proteins are active and GDP-bound proteins are inactive. This article will focus on one Rho family member, Cdc42, which is overexpressed in a number of human cancers, and which might provide new therapeutic targets in malignancies.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this article, the key regulators and effectors of Cdc42 and their molecular alterations are described. The complex interactions between the signaling cascades regulated by Cdc42 are also analyzed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While mutations in Cdc42 have not been reported in human cancer, aberrant expression of Cdc42 has been reported in a variety of tumor types and in some instances has been correlated with poor prognosis. Recently, it has been shown that Cdc42 activation by oncogenic Ras is crucial for Ras-mediated tumorigenesis, suggesting that targeting Cdc42 or its effectors might be useful in tumors harboring activating Ras mutations.
authors: Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center , Philadelphia, PA , USA +1 215 728 5319 ; +1 215 728 3616 ; Jonathan.Chernoff@fccc.edu.
authors: Luis E
authors: LE
authors: Arias-Romero
authors: Jonathan
authors: J
authors: Chernoff
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D020764:cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D020764:cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins
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