title: Role of copper in photochemical damage to hair.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this work was to identify whether low levels of redox metals such as copper will accelerate damage to hair on exposure to UV irradiation and whether this damage can be prevented.
  
  
  METHODS
  The methods used were proteomics to measure the protein damage via protein loss after different periods of exposure and mass spectroscopy methods to identify specific marker peptides that are specifically created by this type of damage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this work, we have developed new insights into the mechanism of UV damage using these proteomic methods. A marker fragment in the hair protein loss extract was identified (m/z = 1279) that is unique to UV exposure and increases with time of UV exposure. We have also identified for the first time in hair the role of exogenous copper in increasing UV damage both in terms of total protein degradation and also increased formation of the marker fragment and proposed a mechanism of action. It has been demonstrated that shampoo treatment containing a chelant such as N,N'-ethylenediamine disuccinic acid (EDDS) reduced copper accumulation in hair.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This work provides evidence for the role of copper in UV-induced damage to hair and strategies to reduce copper levels in hair using a chelant such as EDDS.
authors: Mason Business Center, The Procter and Gamble Company, 8700 Mason-Montgomery Road, Mason, OH, 45040, U.S.A.
authors: J M
authors: JM
authors: Marsh
authors: Sharon Woods Innovation Center, The Procter and Gamble Company, 11511 Reed Hartman Highway, Cincinnati, OH, 45241, U.S.A.
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Iveson
authors: Sharon Woods Innovation Center, The Procter and Gamble Company, 11511 Reed Hartman Highway, Cincinnati, OH, 45241, U.S.A.
authors: M J
authors: MJ
authors: Flagler
authors: Mason Business Center, The Procter and Gamble Company, 8700 Mason-Montgomery Road, Mason, OH, 45040, U.S.A.
authors: M G
authors: MG
authors: Davis
authors: Mason Business Center, The Procter and Gamble Company, 8700 Mason-Montgomery Road, Mason, OH, 45040, U.S.A.
authors: A B
authors: AB
authors: Newland
authors: UC Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3125 Eden Ave., Cincinnati, OH, 45267, U.S.A.
authors: K D
authors: KD
authors: Greis
authors: Mason Business Center, The Procter and Gamble Company, 8700 Mason-Montgomery Road, Mason, OH, 45040, U.S.A.
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Sun
authors: Mason Business Center, The Procter and Gamble Company, 8700 Mason-Montgomery Road, Mason, OH, 45040, U.S.A.
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Chaudhary
authors: Sharon Woods Innovation Center, The Procter and Gamble Company, 11511 Reed Hartman Highway, Cincinnati, OH, 45241, U.S.A.
authors: E R
authors: ER
authors: Aistrup
mesh_terms: D003300:Copper / Q000502:physiology*; D006197:Hair / Q000528:radiation effects*; D006801:Humans; D011506:Proteins / Q000528:radiation effects; D040901:Proteomics; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D011506:Proteins; D003300:Copper
keywords: NMR/FT-IR/Mass spectroscopy; chemical analysis; hair treatment