title: Exposure of breastfed infants to quercetin after consumption of a single meal rich in quercetin by their mothers.
abstract: METHODS
  The exposure to quercetin (Q) has not been studied in breastfed infants whose mothers were consuming a Q-rich diet. The objective of the study was to determine whether plant-origin antioxidant-Q passes from the mother's diet to her milk and to calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters of this phenomenon.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eleven breastfeeding women were included in this controlled case study. Volunteers followed a Q-restricted diet for 5 consecutive days with the exception of the 3rd day when they received a single meal providing 1 mg of Q per kg of body weight. Urine analysis showed the presence of Q already in the first collected samples after the test (1.5-4 h), which indicated its rapid absorption from the meal. The Cmax = 68 ± 8.44 nmol/L concentration of Q in the milk was calculated for Tmax = 11.89 ± 3.37 h. It was significantly different (p = 0.007) from 40 nmol/L and (p = 0.016) from 42 nmol/L of Q concentration before and 48 h after the test, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Q was shown to be a component of human milk at the nmol/L level. Infants breastfed by mothers consuming a diet rich in Q are exposed to a dose of approximately 0.01 mg of Q daily.
authors: NZOZ Atarax, Olsztyn, Poland.
authors: Ewa
authors: E
authors: Romaszko
authors: Wiesław
authors: W
authors: Wiczkowski
authors: Jerzy
authors: J
authors: Romaszko
authors: Joanna
authors: J
authors: Honke
authors: Mariusz K
authors: MK
authors: Piskula
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001682:Biological Availability; D001942:Breast Feeding; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007227:Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry*; D009035:Mothers; D011794:Quercetin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D011794:Quercetin
keywords: Breastfeeding woman; Human milk; Infants; Onion; Quercetin