title: Complete genome characterization of enterovirus 104 circulating in Northern Italy shows recombinant origin of the P3 region.
abstract: Human enterovirus 104 (EV-C104) is a member of the Human Enterovirus species C (Family Picornaviridae, Genus Enterovirus) and has been associated with mild respiratory syndromes. At present, only two EV-C104 complete genome sequences from strains detected in Switzerland and Japan have been deposited in GenBank. In this study a complete genome analysis of seven Italian EV-C104 strains was carried out. In addition, VP1 sequence analysis was performed in an additional 5 Italian strains (for a total of 12 strains). The genome length of the seven strains was 7406 nucleotides (nt). The seven genomes showed 91.0-96.9% nucleotide identity with respect to other available EV-C104 complete genomes. The P1 and P2 regions of the Italian strains were closely related to EV-C104 identified in Switzerland, while the P3 region was closely related to the EV-C117 strain. In addition, bootscan analysis showed the presence of one putative recombination breakpoint between the P2 and P3 regions. Based on the trees constructed with partial VP1/2A nucleotide sequences, as well as the 3D partial coding region tree, the Italian strains appear to form a single and independent cluster together with the EV-C104 Japanese strain. In conclusion, a complete phylogenetic analysis of the relationship between EV-C104 and other known HEV-C strains was achieved. In addition, the recombinant origin of EV-C104, which has circulated in Italy and Japan, was demonstrated.
authors: Molecular Virology Unit, Virology and Microbiology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.
authors: Antonio
authors: A
authors: Piralla
authors: Loretta
authors: L
authors: Fiorina
authors: Cristina
authors: C
authors: Daleno
authors: Susanna
authors: S
authors: Esposito
authors: Fausto
authors: F
authors: Baldanti
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D030015:Enterovirus C, Human / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004769:Enterovirus Infections / Q000821:virology*; D014644:Genetic Variation; D016679:Genome, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral; D014764:Viral Proteins
keywords: Complete genome; EV-C104; Phylogenetic analysis; Recombination; Respiratory infection