title: Bioengineered sites for islet cell transplantation.
abstract: Although islet transplantation has demonstrated its potential use in treating type 1 diabetes, this remains limited by the need for daily immunosuppression. Islet encapsulation was then proposed with a view to avoiding any immunosuppressive regimen and related side effects. In order to obtain a standard clinical procedure in terms of safety and reproducibility, two important factors have to be taken into account: the encapsulation design (which determines the graft volume) and the implantation site. Indeed, the implantation site should meet certain requirements: (1) its space must be large enough for the volume of transplanted tissues; (2) there must be proximity to abundant vascularization with a good oxygen supply; (3) there must be real-time access to physiologically representative blood glucose levels; (4) there must be easy access for implantation and the reversibility of the procedure (for safety); and finally, (5) the site should have minimal early inflammatory reaction and promote long-term survival. The aim of this article is to review possible preclinical/clinical implantation sites (in comparison with free islets) for encapsulated islet transplantation as a function of the encapsulation design: macro/microcapsules and conformal coating.
authors: Sophie
authors: S
authors: Vériter
authors: Pierre
authors: P
authors: Gianello
authors: Denis
authors: D
authors: Dufrane
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D057005:Bioengineering / Q000379:methods*; D018914:Cells, Immobilized / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D006801:Humans; D020007:Implants, Experimental; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000166:cytology*; D016381:Islets of Langerhans Transplantation
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