title: Traumatic shoulder injuries: a force mechanism analysis of complex injuries to the shoulder girdle and proximal humerus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Acute shoulder trauma can result in complex injuries to the bone and soft-tissue structures of the shoulder girdle with the associated risk of development of shoulder girdle instability. Destabilizing injuries to the shoulder girdle and fractures of the proximal humerus can occur in predictable patterns based on the injury mechanism. The objectives of this article are to illustrate the relevant anatomy of the shoulder, use 3D modeling and animation to aid in a mechanistic understanding of some of the most common injury patterns, discuss the most relevant radiologic findings that determine the ultimate treatment approach, and discuss an approach to imaging diagnosis with attention to the common treatment strategies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Understanding the force mechanisms responsible for the most common patterns of traumatic shoulder girdle injuries and proximal humeral fractures can improve detection of associated clinically significant secondary injuries, increase the effectiveness of injury classification, and ultimately direct appropriate and timely intervention.
authors: Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115, USA. sesheehan@partners.org
authors: Scott E
authors: SE
authors: Sheehan
authors: Glenn
authors: G
authors: Gaviola
authors: Ari
authors: A
authors: Sacks
authors: Robert
authors: R
authors: Gordon
authors: Lewis L
authors: LL
authors: Shi
authors: Stacy E
authors: SE
authors: Smith
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D006801:Humans; D006810:Humeral Fractures / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006811:Humerus / Q000293:injuries* / Q000503:physiopathology; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012783:Shoulder Dislocation / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D000070599:Shoulder Injuries; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D017695:Soft Tissue Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology