title: Urinary tract infections.
abstract: Clinical presentation helps differentiate between upper and lower urinary tract infections (UTIs). UTIs are classified as either complicated or uncomplicated. A complicated UTI is associated with an underlying condition that increases the risk of failing therapy. Primary laboratory tests for UTIs consist of urinalysis and urine culture. The most common pathogen for uncomplicated cystitis and pyelonephritis is Escherichia coli. Nitrofurantoin, fosfomycin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole are first-line therapies for acute uncomplicated cystitis. Decisions regarding antibiotic agents should be individualized based on patients' allergies, tolerability, community resistance rates, cost, and availability.
authors: Penn State Department of Family and Community Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
authors: Alina
authors: A
authors: Wang
authors: Parminder
authors: P
authors: Nizran
authors: Michael A
authors: MA
authors: Malone
authors: Timothy
authors: T
authors: Riley
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000892:Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D006801:Humans; D010621:Phenazopyridine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011320:Primary Health Care; D011704:Pyelonephritis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D016482:Urinalysis; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D000892:Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary; D010621:Phenazopyridine
keywords: Complicated UTI; Pyelonephritis; UTI; Urinary tract infection