title: Dacryocystorhinostomy: History, evolution and future directions.
abstract: Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) is a procedure of choice for nasolacrimal duct obstruction and chronic dacryostenosis in the setting of patent canaliculi and a functional lacrimal pump. Two major approaches are utilized: external, via a transcutaneous incision and endonasal endoscopically guided. The surgery has a high success rate via both approaches. We review the history, evolution, current techniques, complications and future directions of DCR.
authors: Wills Eye Institute, 840 Walnut St, Suite 910, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
authors: Vladimir S
authors: VS
authors: Yakopson
authors: Joseph C
authors: JC
authors: Flanagan
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Ahn
authors: Betsy P
authors: BP
authors: Luo
keywords: Dacryocystorhinostomy, Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy, Balloon dacryoplasty, Dacryocystitis, Nasolacrimal duct obstruction
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