title: Plumbagin induces the apoptosis of human tongue carcinoma cells through the mitochondria-mediated pathway.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Plumbagin, a quinonoid constituent isolated from the root of Plumbago zeylanica L., has been proven to possess anti-tumor activity both in vitro and in vivo. However, its anti-tumor properties for human tongue carcinoma have not been reported. This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect and the underlying mechanism of plumbagin on the growth of human tongue carcinoma cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cell proliferation ability was detected by EdU incorporation assay and colony formation assay. Cell-cycle distribution was determined by flow cytometric analysis using propidium iodide (PI) staining. Cellular apoptosis was then evaluated by flow cytometry and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Western blotting was applied to assay the expression of Bax and Bcl-2.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plumbagin inhibited the growth and proliferation of Tca8113 cells in vitro in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The cell cycles of plumbagin-treated Tca8113 cells were arrested at the G2/M phase. Cells treated with plumbagin presented the characteristic morphological changes of apoptosis. The ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 was raised by plumbagin in a concentration-dependent manner.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that plumbagin induces the apoptosis of Tca8113 cells through mitochondria-mediated pathway.
authors: Department of Stomatology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, PR China.
authors: Jia-xuan
authors: JX
authors: Qiu
authors: Yuan-qiao
authors: YQ
authors: He
authors: Yong
authors: Y
authors: Wang
authors: Ru-liang
authors: RL
authors: Xu
authors: You
authors: Y
authors: Qin
authors: Xiang
authors: X
authors: Shen
authors: Shu-Feng
authors: SF
authors: Zhou
authors: Zong-fu
authors: ZF
authors: Mao
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D048430:Cell Shape / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003857:Deoxyuridine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D059565:G2 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008938:Mitosis / Q000187:drug effects; D009285:Naphthoquinones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D013997:Time Factors; D014062:Tongue Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D014410:Tumor Stem Cell Assay; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D009285:Naphthoquinones; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; C031086:5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine; D003857:Deoxyuridine; C014758:plumbagin
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