title: Extraordinary phylogenetic diversity and metabolic versatility in aquifer sediment.
abstract: Microorganisms in the subsurface represent a substantial but poorly understood component of the Earth's biosphere. Subsurface environments are complex and difficult to characterize; thus, their microbiota have remained as a 'dark matter' of the carbon and other biogeochemical cycles. Here we deeply sequence two sediment-hosted microbial communities from an aquifer adjacent to the Colorado River, CO, USA. No single organism represents more than ~1% of either community. Remarkably, many bacteria and archaea in these communities are novel at the phylum level or belong to phyla lacking a sequenced representative. The dominant organism in deeper sediment, RBG-1, is a member of a new phylum. On the basis of its reconstructed complete genome, RBG-1 is metabolically versatile. Its wide respiration-based repertoire may enable it to respond to the fluctuating redox environment close to the water table. We document extraordinary microbial novelty and the importance of previously unknown lineages in sediment biogeochemical transformations.
authors: Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
authors: Cindy J
authors: CJ
authors: Castelle
authors: Laura A
authors: LA
authors: Hug
authors: Kelly C
authors: KC
authors: Wrighton
authors: Brian C
authors: BC
authors: Thomas
authors: Kenneth H
authors: KH
authors: Williams
authors: Dongying
authors: D
authors: Wu
authors: Susannah G
authors: SG
authors: Tringe
authors: Steven W
authors: SW
authors: Singer
authors: Jonathan A
authors: JA
authors: Eisen
authors: Jillian F
authors: JF
authors: Banfield
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D020134:Catalytic Domain; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D014644:Genetic Variation; D016680:Genome, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000382:microbiology*; D060587:Groundwater / Q000382:microbiology*; D007506:Iron-Sulfur Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism; D010802:Phylogeny; D012269:Ribosomal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D007506:Iron-Sulfur Proteins; D012269:Ribosomal Proteins; D010088:Oxidoreductases; C045664:dimethyl sulfoxide reductase
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