title: Childhood obesity in America.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To provide an overview of the current advances in childhood obesity physiology, intervention, and prevention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Structural and functional brain impairments are present in obese adolescents with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Aerobic training for 20 or 40 min per day produced similar affects on metabolic risk factors. Vitamin D supplementation has been shown to improve the metabolic risk factors in obese children; however, obese children require greater doses to treat vitamin D deficiency. A 10-week community-based exergaming weight management program significantly decreased the BMI in obese children.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is surmounting research on MetS and its associated risk factors in obese children. Gaining a comprehensive overview of the factors associated with obesity in children is crucial in developing the most effective intervention strategies. Community-based and family-centered interventions have generated positive results in reducing children's BMI and improving MetS risk factors. In addition to obesity intervention efforts, ongoing prevention initiatives are imperative to reduce the prevalence of childhood obesity.
authors: Department of Nutrition Sciences, College of Nursing and Health Professions, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, USA.
authors: Jacqueline M
authors: JM
authors: Van Grouw
authors: Stella L
authors: SL
authors: Volpe
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D061345:Early Medical Intervention / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology