title: Neuroprotective role of naringenin on carbaryl induced neurotoxicity in mouse neuroblastoma cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Neuroprotective effect of naringenin against carbaryl toxicity was studied in mouse neuroblastoma cell line.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mouse neuroblastoma cells (Neuro 2A) obtained from National Center for Cell Sciences, Pune, India were either exposed to carbaryl or pre-treated with naringenin (a flavonoid prepared from grape fruit) before their exposure to carbaryl. Results were analyzed using MTT [3-4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenltetrazolium bromide] assay for cell viability, FACS (fluorescence assisted cell sorting) analysis for apoptotic and necrotic cell populations, DCFH-DA (2`,7`-dichlorofluorescin-diacetate) assay for Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) visualization, JC-1 staining for determining mitochondrial membrane potential and real-time PCR for quantifying pro and anti-apoptotic gene expression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exposure to naringenin resulted in better survival of Neuro 2A cells which were subsequently subjected to carbaryl toxicity. Treatment with naringenin was found to reduce the oxidative stress by decreasing the ROS and was found to maintain the integrity of mitochondrial membrane potential. It was also found to downregulate pro-apoptotic genes (BAX and Caspase-3) while upregulating anti-apototic gene (Bcl2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this pilot study underline the potential of naringenin in treating carbaryl induced neurotoxicity and further studies are warranted to establish the effect of naringenin in vivo conditions.
authors: Department of Anatomy, Dr. ALM PGIBMS, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, India.
authors: Vijaya Prakash Krishnan
authors: VP
authors: Muthaiah
authors: Lavanya
authors: L
authors: Venkitasamy
authors: Felicia Mary
authors: FM
authors: Michael
authors: Kirubhanand
authors: K
authors: Chandrasekar
authors: Sankar
authors: S
authors: Venkatachalam
keywords: Antioxidant; neuro 2A cells; neurotoxicity; oxidative stress
references: Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2002 Oct;53(2):267-72
references: 12568463
references: Chem Biol Interact. 2006 Jan 5;159(1):65-72
references: 16256972
references: Am J Med. 1986 Apr;80(4):741-5
references: 3083676
references: Toxicol In Vitro. 2003 Feb;17(1):115-20
references: 12537969
references: FEBS J. 2010 Jan;277(2):368-82
references: 20015232
references: Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 1995 May;2(3):369-76
references: 7664185
references: Methods Mol Biol. 2006;331:347-74
references: 16881526
references: Neurotoxicology. 2012 Jun;33(3):575-84
references: 22342984
references: Free Radic Biol Med. 1999 Sep;27(5-6):612-6
references: 10490282
references: Neurotoxicology. 2012 Aug;33(4):660-8
references: 22240005
references: Free Radic Res. 2005 Oct;39(10):1119-25
references: 16298737
references: Cancer Res. 1988 Feb 1;48(3):589-601
references: 3335022
references: Arch Biochem Biophys. 2009 Apr 1;484(1):100-9
references: 19467635
references: Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2009 Aug;27(2):105-11
references: 19049881
references: Toxicol Sci. 2012 Sep;129(1):126-34
references: 22649187
references: Adv Exp Med Biol. 2012;724:189-204
references: 22411244
references: Chem Biol Interact. 2002 Jan 22;139(1):79-95
references: 11803030
references: Free Radic Biol Med. 2004 Mar 1;36(5):592-604
references: 14980703
references: Methods. 2001 Dec;25(4):402-8
references: 11846609
references: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2007 Jul 15;222(2):159-68
references: 17559897
references: Toxicol Lett. 1999 Oct 29;110(1-2):79-84
references: 10593598
references: Biochem Pharmacol. 2005 Jan 15;69(2):339-45
references: 15627486