title: Structural patterns of the proximal femur in relation to age and hip fracture risk in women.
abstract: Fractures of the proximal femur are the most devastating outcome of osteoporosis. It is generally understood that age-related changes in hip structure confer increased risk, but there have been few explicit comparisons of such changes in healthy subjects to those with hip fracture. In this study, we used quantitative computed tomography and tensor-based morphometry (TBM) to identify three-dimensional internal structural patterns of the proximal femur associated with age and with incident hip fracture. A population-based cohort of 349 women representing a broad age range (21-97years) was included in this study, along with a cohort of 222 older women (mean age 79±7years) with (n=74) and without (n=148) incident hip fracture. Images were spatially normalized to a standardized space, and age- and fracture-specific morphometric features were identified based on statistical maps of shape features described as local changes of bone volume. Morphometric features were visualized as maps of local contractions and expansions, and significance was displayed as Student's t-test statistical maps. Significant age-related changes included local expansions of regions low in volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) and local contractions of regions high in vBMD. Some significant fracture-related features resembled an accentuated aging process, including local expansion of the superior aspect of the trabecular bone compartment in the femoral neck, with contraction of the adjoining cortical bone. However, other features were observed only in the comparison of hip fracture subjects with age-matched controls including focal contractions of the cortical bone at the superior aspect of the femoral neck, the lateral cortical bone just inferior to the greater trochanter, and the anterior intertrochanteric region. Results of this study support the idea that the spatial distribution of morphometric features is relevant to age-related changes in bone and independent to fracture risk. In women, the identification by TBM of fracture-specific morphometric alterations of the proximal femur, in conjunction with vBMD and clinical risk factors, may improve hip fracture prediction.
authors: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors: Julio
authors: J
authors: Carballido-Gamio
authors: Roy
authors: R
authors: Harnish
authors: Isra
authors: I
authors: Saeed
authors: Timothy
authors: T
authors: Streeper
authors: Sigurdur
authors: S
authors: Sigurdsson
authors: Shreyasee
authors: S
authors: Amin
authors: Elizabeth J
authors: EJ
authors: Atkinson
authors: Terry M
authors: TM
authors: Therneau
authors: Kristin
authors: K
authors: Siggeirsdottir
authors: Xiaoguang
authors: X
authors: Cheng
authors: L Joseph
authors: LJ
authors: Melton
authors: Joyce H
authors: JH
authors: Keyak
authors: Vilmundur
authors: V
authors: Gudnason
authors: Sundeep
authors: S
authors: Khosla
authors: Tamara B
authors: TB
authors: Harris
authors: Thomas F
authors: TF
authors: Lang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015519:Bone Density; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000473:pathology*; D006620:Hip Fractures / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Age; Fracture; Osteoporosis; Proximal femur; Statistical parametric mapping; Tensor-based morphometry (TBM)
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