title: Overexpression of caldesmon is associated with lymph node metastasis and poorer prognosis in patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A previous comparative tissue proteomics study by the authors of the current study led to the identification of caldesmon (CaD) as one of the proteins associated with cervical metastasis of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In the current investigation, the authors focused on the potential functions of CaD in patients with OSCC.
  
  
  METHODS
  CaD expression was examined in tissue samples from 155 patients using immunohistochemical analysis. The expression of CaD variants was determined by Western blot analysis and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. In addition, the specific effects of CaD gene overexpression and silence were determined in OSCC cell lines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CaD expression was found to be significantly higher in tumor cells from metastatic lymph nodes compared with primary tumor cells, and was nearly absent in normal oral epithelia. Higher CaD expression was found to be correlated with positive N classification, poor differentiation, perineural invasion, and tumor depth (P = .001, P = .029, P = .001, and P = .031, respectively). In survival analyses, OSCC patients with higher CaD expression were found to have poorer prognosis with regard to disease-specific survival and disease-free survival (P = .003 and P = .014, respectively). Multivariate analyses further indicated that higher CaD expression was an independent predictor of disease-specific survival (P = .043). Serum CaD levels were found to be significantly higher in patients with OSCC, but this finding was not associated with clinicopathological manifestations. Data obtained from in vitro suppression, rescue, and overexpression of CaD in OEC-M1 cells indicated that CaD promotes migration and invasive processes in OSCC cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings of the current study collectively suggest that the low-molecular-weight CaD expression in OSCC tumors is associated with tumor metastasis and patient survival.
authors: Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.
authors: Kai-Ping
authors: KP
authors: Chang
authors: Chih-Lueh Albert
authors: CL
authors: Wang
authors: Huang-Kai
authors: HK
authors: Kao
authors: Ying
authors: Y
authors: Liang
authors: Shiau-Chin
authors: SC
authors: Liu
authors: Ling-Ling
authors: LL
authors: Huang
authors: Chuen
authors: C
authors: Hseuh
authors: Ya-Ju
authors: YJ
authors: Hsieh
authors: Kun-Yi
authors: KY
authors: Chien
authors: Yu-Sun
authors: YS
authors: Chang
authors: Jau-Song
authors: JS
authors: Yu
authors: Lang-Ming
authors: LM
authors: Chi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002148:Calmodulin-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D020868:Gene Silencing; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D011379:Prognosis; D000077195:Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002148:Calmodulin-Binding Proteins
keywords: caldesmon; head and neck cancer; metastasis; oral squamous cell carcinoma; tumor marker