title: Efficacy of an imidacloprid/flumethrin collar against fleas, ticks and tick-borne pathogens in dogs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tick-borne diseases comprise a group of maladies that are of substantial medical and veterinary significance. A range of tick-borne pathogens, including diverse species of bacteria and protozoa, can infect both dogs and humans. Hence, the control of tick infestations is pivotal to decrease or prevent tick-borne pathogen transmission. Therefore, different commercial products with insecticidal, repellent or both properties have been developed for use on dogs. Recently, a collar containing a combination of imidacloprid 10% and flumethrin 4.5% has proven effective to prevent tick and flea infestations in dogs under field conditions and the infection by some vector-borne pathogens they transmit under laboratory-controlled conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  From March 2011 to April 2012, a field study was conducted in a private shelter in southern Italy to assess the efficacy of the imidacloprid/flumethrin collar against tick and flea infestations and to determine if this strategy would decrease tick-borne pathogen transmission in young dogs. A total of 122 animals were enrolled in the study and randomly assigned to group A (n = 64; collared) or group B (n = 58; untreated controls). Dogs were examined monthly for ticks and fleas and systematically tested for selected tick-borne pathogens.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to controls, the collar provided overall efficacies of 99.7% and 100% against tick and flea infestation, respectively. The overall efficacy for the prevention of tick-borne pathogens (i.e., Anaplasma platys and Babesia vogeli) was 91.6%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates that the imidacloprid/flumethrin collar is efficacious against flea and tick infestation as well as tick-borne pathogen transmission to dogs under field conditions.
authors: Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Valenzano, Italy. domenico.otranto@uniba.it.
authors: Filipe
authors: F
authors: Dantas-Torres
authors: Gioia
authors: G
authors: Capelli
authors: Alessio
authors: A
authors: Giannelli
authors: Rafael Antonio Nascimento
authors: RA
authors: Ramos
authors: Riccardo Paolo
authors: RP
authors: Lia
authors: Cinzia
authors: C
authors: Cantacessi
authors: Donato
authors: D
authors: de Caprariis
authors: Anna Sara
authors: AS
authors: De Tommasi
authors: Maria Stefania
authors: MS
authors: Latrofa
authors: Vita
authors: V
authors: Lacasella
authors: Viviana Domenica
authors: VD
authors: Tarallo
authors: Giancarlo
authors: G
authors: Di Paola
authors: Barbara
authors: B
authors: Qurollo
authors: Edward
authors: E
authors: Breitschwerdt
authors: Dorothee
authors: D
authors: Stanneck
authors: Domenico
authors: D
authors: Otranto
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D058267:Flea Infestations / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013984:Tick Infestations / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D017282:Tick-Borne Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D007093:Imidazoles; D007306:Insecticides; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D011722:Pyrethrins; C041392:flumethrin; C082359:imidacloprid
references: Parasit Vectors. 2013 Jul 23;6:213
references: 23880226
references: Parasit Vectors. 2012 Apr 22;5:79
references: 22520338
references: J Vet Intern Med. 2007 Nov-Dec;21(6):1237-42
references: 18196732
references: Parasitol Res. 2013 Aug;112 Suppl 1:1-10
references: 23760870
references: J Clin Microbiol. 1999 Aug;37(8):2631-8
references: 10405413
references: Vet Parasitol. 2010 Sep 20;172(3-4):323-32
references: 20591573
references: Trends Parasitol. 2012 Oct;28(10):437-46
references: 22902521
references: Parasit Vectors. 2013 Jul 18;6:210
references: 23866926
references: Vet Parasitol. 2013 May 1;194(1):84-97
references: 23741753
references: Parasitol Res. 2013 Aug;112 Suppl 1:21-32
references: 23774841
references: Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2004 Sep;11(5):963-8
references: 15358660
references: Vet Parasitol. 2013 Sep 1;196(1-2):1-5
references: 23537949
references: Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2008 Aug;8(4):455-64
references: 18302532
references: J Vet Intern Med. 2010 Mar-Apr;24(2):372-8
references: 20102497
references: J Vet Diagn Invest. 2003 Nov;15(6):527-34
references: 14667015
references: Trends Parasitol. 2001 Feb;17(2):74-80
references: 11228013
references: Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 2012 Dec;3(5-6):315-8
references: 23140895
references: PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2012;6(6):e1697
references: 22724035
references: Am J Vet Res. 1991 Sep;52(9):1537-41
references: 1952347
references: Parasit Vectors. 2013 Jan 25;6:26
references: 23351927
references: Vet Parasitol. 2002 Jun 26;106(3):265-71
references: 12062514
references: Vet Res. 2007 Sep-Oct;38(5):697-710
references: 17583666
references: Vet Parasitol. 2004 Aug 6;122(4):245-52
references: 15262002
references: Vet Parasitol. 2013 Feb 18;192(1-3):273-8
references: 23158840
references: Parasit Vectors. 2013 Jan 16;6:16
references: 23324440
references: Parasit Vectors. 2013 Apr 15;6:103
references: 23587235
references: Trends Parasitol. 2009 May;25(5):228-35
references: 19346164
references: PLoS One. 2013;8(2):e56374
references: 23451043
references: Parasit Vectors. 2010 Apr 08;3:26
references: 20377860
references: Parasit Vectors. 2012 Apr 12;5:73
references: 22498105
references: Parasit Vectors. 2012 Jul 27;5:151
references: 22839305
references: Parasit Vectors. 2009 Mar 26;2 Suppl 1:S2
references: 19426441
references: Parasit Vectors. 2013 Apr 15;6:97
references: 23587324
references: Vet Microbiol. 2011 Apr 21;149(1-2):206-12
references: 21106311
references: Vet Parasitol. 2003 Aug 14;115(4):343-8
references: 12944048
references: Vet Parasitol. 2011 Sep 8;181(1):3-11
references: 21620568
references: Vet Parasitol. 2008 May 31;153(3-4):320-8
references: 18359166
references: Parasit Vectors. 2010 Jan 11;3:2
references: 20145730
references: J Clin Microbiol. 2003 Apr;41(4):1600-8
references: 12682151
references: Med Vet Entomol. 2010 Sep;24(3):309-15
references: 20557458
references: Parasit Vectors. 2012 Mar 31;5:66
references: 22463745
references: Parasit Vectors. 2012 Apr 27;5:82
references: 22541037