title: Rapid placement of bicaval dual-lumen catheter in a swine model of venovenous ECMO.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Venovenous (VV) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) applied through a single site with a bicaval dual-lumen (BCDL) catheter is a growing method of treatment of acute respiratory failure, thus animal models for research purposes are needed. We describe a rapid technique for the placement of the BCDL catheter for single-site VV ECMO in swine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prior to the application of single-site VV ECMO model with common crossbred piglets, BCDL catheters were placed using anatomical landmarks. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) with color Doppler was used to determine catheter placement. Final determination of catheter placement was confirmed by necropsy. Arterial blood gas and hemodynamic parameters were recorded at baseline and then hourly. The values are mean ± SD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using anatomical landmarks by positioning the BCDL catheter tip approximately 6.5 cm distal to the tip of the manubrium, cannulation was easily accomplished in five piglets with no positional adjustments of the catheter required. Cannula placement was confirmed with both TTE color Doppler and necropsy. Respiratory support was achieved with baseline and hourly measurements of pH 7.45 ± 0.03, 7.44 ± 0.07, 7.46 ± 0.05, 7.47 ± 0.06 (p = NS); PO2 86 ± 30 mmHg, 98 ± 30 mmHg, 94 ± 40 mmHg, and 79 ± 30 mmHg (p = NS); and PCO2 43 ± 3 mmHg, 44 ± 8 mmHg, 38 ± 5 mmHg, and 40 ± 4 mmHg (p = NS).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using anatomical landmarks for the placement of the BCDL catheter was rapid and effective in a swine model of VV ECMO, resulting in improved time efficiency for research.
authors: 1Section of Pulmonary Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital , Columbus, Ohio , USA .
authors: Don
authors: D
authors: Hayes
authors: Andrew R
authors: AR
authors: Yates
authors: Victoria L
authors: VL
authors: Duffy
authors: Joseph D
authors: JD
authors: Tobias
authors: Heidi M
authors: HM
authors: Mansour
authors: Vincent F
authors: VF
authors: Olshove
authors: Thomas J
authors: TJ
authors: Preston
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D002404:Catheterization / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004452:Echocardiography; D015199:Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D006440:Hemofiltration / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D013552:Swine; D062666:Vascular Access Devices