title: Long-term biopersistence of tangled oxidized carbon nanotubes inside and outside macrophages in rat subcutaneous tissue.
abstract: Because of their mechanical strength, chemical stability, and low molecular weight, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are attractive biological implant materials. Biomaterials are typically implanted into subcutaneous tissue or bone; however, the long-term biopersistence of CNTs in these tissues is unknown. Here, tangled oxidized multi-walled CNTs (t-ox-MWCNTs) were implanted into rat subcutaneous tissues and structural changes in the t-ox-MWCNTs located inside and outside of macrophages were studied for 2 years post-implantation. The majority of the large agglomerates were present in the intercellular space, maintained a layered structure, and did not undergo degradation. By contrast, small agglomerates were found inside macrophages, where they were gradually degraded in lysosomes. None of the rats displayed symptoms of cancer or severe inflammatory reactions such as necrosis. These results indicate that t-ox-MWCNTs have high biopersistence and do not evoke adverse events in rat subcutaneous tissue in vivo, demonstrating their potential utility as implantable biomaterials.
authors: 1] Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan [2].
authors: Yoshinori
authors: Y
authors: Sato
authors: Atsuro
authors: A
authors: Yokoyama
authors: Yoshinobu
authors: Y
authors: Nodasaka
authors: Takao
authors: T
authors: Kohgo
authors: Kenichi
authors: K
authors: Motomiya
authors: Hiroaki
authors: H
authors: Matsumoto
authors: Eiko
authors: E
authors: Nakazawa
authors: Tomoko
authors: T
authors: Numata
authors: Minfang
authors: M
authors: Zhang
authors: Masako
authors: M
authors: Yudasaka
authors: Hideyuki
authors: H
authors: Hara
authors: Rikita
authors: R
authors: Araki
authors: Osamu
authors: O
authors: Tsukamoto
authors: Hiroaki
authors: H
authors: Saito
authors: Takeo
authors: T
authors: Kamino
authors: Fumio
authors: F
authors: Watari
authors: Kazuyuki
authors: K
authors: Tohji
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival; D008264:Macrophages / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D040521:Subcutaneous Tissue / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon
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