title: Genealogy as a critical toolbox: deconstructing the professional identity of nurses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To discuss the Foucauldian concept of genealogy as a framework for understanding and transforming nurses' professional identity.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The professional identity of nurses has primarily been defined by personal and interpersonal attributes and by the intradisciplinary dimensions of nursing, leading to its conceptualization as a universal, monolithic phenomenon. The Foucauldian genealogical perspective offers a critical lens to examine what constitutes this professional identity; Spanish nursing offers a historical case study of an active effort to impose an identity that fits the monolithic ideal.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five of the 33 professional conduct manuals for nurses' training published from 1956-1976 during the Franco dictatorship in Spain and six interviews with nursing instructors or students at the time were analysed using a theoretical framework drawn from Foucault's writing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Foucault's genealogical framework considers practices of normalization and resistance as a means of understanding knowledge continuities and discontinuities, clarifying practices that constitute nurses' professional identity in a particular way in specific contexts and analysing the implications of this theoretical frame.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The genealogy concept offers valuable tools to determine how professional identities are constituted, questions assumptions about the profession and its professionals and envisions alternative approaches. This theoretical approach helps both scholars and practitioners understand, question and transform their practices as needed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The genealogical approach prioritizes analysis of the phenomenon over its description and challenges many unknown, forgotten, excluded and/or unquestioned aspects of identity from a position of diversity and complexity.
authors: Critical Health Research Group, Faculty of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of the Balearic Islands, Spain.
authors: Margalida
authors: M
authors: Miró-Bonet
authors: Andreu
authors: A
authors: Bover-Bover
authors: Cristina
authors: C
authors: Moreno-Mulet
authors: Rosa
authors: R
authors: Miró-Bonet
authors: Concha
authors: C
authors: Zaforteza-Lallemand
mesh_terms: D005789:Genealogy and Heraldry; D009740:Nursing Staff
keywords: discourse; foucault; genealogy; identity; nursing history; poststructuralism; power; profession; qualitative research