title: Angiotensin- converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism and its association with coronary artery disease in an Iranian population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The study of the association between genotype and phenotype is of great importance for the prediction of many diseases and pathophysiological conditions. The relationship between angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene insertion/ deletion (I/D) polymorphism and pathological processes such as coronary artery disease (CAD) has been investigated previously with discordant results. This study was designed to determine the association between ACE gene I/D polymorphism and CAD in an Iranian population.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1050 individuals who were referred to Tehran Heart Center for coronary angiography were recruited. Six hundred seventy-six CAD-positive patients (documented by coronary angiography and Gensini scores higher than 6) and 374 CAD-negative patients were evaluated for ACE gene I/D polymorphism via the Polymerase Chain Reaction Amplification method. The patients' age, sex, smoking status and its duration as well as familial history of CAD, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five hundred four (74.6%) of the CAD-positive patients were male, and the mean age of this group was 60 (60 ± 10). In the CAD-negative individuals, the mean age was 56 (56 ± 10) and 196 of them were male (52.4%). After the analysis of all the groups and gender subgroups, neither genotype nor allele frequency was significantly different between the CAD-positive and CAD-negative groups (p values for genotypes and allele frequencies were 0.494 and 0.397, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ACE gene I/D polymorphism was not associated with an increased risk of CAD in an Iranian population.
authors: Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Leila
authors: L
authors: Poorgholi
authors: Hana
authors: H
authors: Saffar
authors: Mahmood Sheikh
authors: MS
authors: Fathollahi
authors: Gholamreza
authors: G
authors: Davoodi
authors: Maryam Sotoudeh
authors: MS
authors: Anvari
authors: Hamidreza
authors: H
authors: Goodarzynejad
authors: Shayan
authors: S
authors: Ziaee
authors: Mohammad Ali
authors: MA
authors: Boroumand
keywords: Coronary artery disease; Iran; Polymorphism, genetic
references: Arch Intern Med. 2008 May 26;168(10):1077-89
references: 18504336
references: Pharmazie. 1996 Nov;51(11):783-99
references: 8985974
references: J Pak Med Assoc. 2008 Oct;58(10):553-7
references: 18998308
references: Circulation. 1994 Nov;90(5):2199-202
references: 7955173
references: Hypertension. 1993 Apr;21(4):455-60
references: 8384602
references: Nucleic Acids Res. 1988 Feb 11;16(3):1215
references: 3344216
references: J Biochem Mol Biol. 2005 Jul 31;38(4):486-90
references: 16053717
references: Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1994 Feb;37(2):212-4
references: 8186067
references: Clin Biochem. 2008 Feb;41(3):117-20
references: 17976374
references: Am J Cardiol. 1983 Feb;51(3):606
references: 6823874
references: Am J Hypertens. 1997 Dec;10(12 Pt 1):1384-90
references: 9443774
references: Clin Biochem. 2006 Jan;39(1):50-4
references: 16303122
references: J Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci. 2007 Dec;27(6):660-3
references: 18231736
references: Nucleic Acids Res. 1992 Mar 25;20(6):1433
references: 1313972
references: BMJ. 1988 Dec 3;297(6661):1453-6
references: 3147014
references: Postgrad Med J. 2005 Dec;81(962):741-5
references: 16344295
references: J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst. 2010 Jun;11(2):136-45
references: 20223792
references: Am J Cardiol. 2006 Jul 1;98(1):121-8
references: 16784934
references: J Clin Invest. 1990 Oct;86(4):1343-6
references: 1976655
references: Biochim Biophys Acta. 2005 Aug 1;1751(1):2-8
references: 16054014
references: Int J Cardiol. 2011 Feb 17;147(1):178-81
references: 21196057
references: J Hum Hypertens. 2003 Feb;17(2):133-8
references: 12574792
references: Am J Hum Genet. 1992 Jul;51(1):197-205
references: 1319114
references: Exp Mol Pathol. 2006 Oct;81(2):131-5
references: 16764852
references: Circulation. 1995 Nov 15;92(10):2796-9
references: 7586243
references: Jpn Heart J. 1997 Mar;38(2):227-36
references: 9201110
references: Trends Genet. 2005 Jun;21(6):318-22
references: 15922828
references: Coron Artery Dis. 2010 May;21(3):151-6
references: 20299978
references: Clin Biochem. 2010 Oct;43(15):1189-94
references: 20655894
references: Genet Test. 2007 Winter;11(4):353-9
references: 18294050