title: A Renaissance Pope with arthritis following frostbite.
abstract: Pius II, a 15th century Pope, developed chronic foot pain following frostbite at age 30. Later in life he was progressively disabled by arthritis elsewhere and by colic, which may have been due to kidney stones. The differential diagnosis of his rheumatic disease and its effect on his career are discussed.
authors: Department of Medicine, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA. bob@pinals.com
authors: Robert S
authors: RS
authors: Pinals
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000266:history*; D003085:Colic / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000266:history; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005627:Frostbite / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000266:history*; D006073:Gout / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000266:history; D049668:History, 15th Century; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000266:history; D008297:Male