title: The prevalence of posttraumatic stress among women requesting induced abortion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the prevalence and pattern of traumatic experiences, to assess the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), to identify risk factors for PTSD and PTSS, and to analyse the association of PTSD and PTSS with concomitant anxiety and depressive symptoms in women requesting induced abortion.
  
  
  METHODS
  A Swedish multi-centre study of women requesting an induced abortion. The Screen Questionnaire - Posttraumatic Stress Disorder was used for research diagnoses of PTSD and PTSS. Anxiety and depressive symptoms were evaluated by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 1514 respondents, almost half reported traumatic experiences. Lifetime- and point prevalence of PTSD were 7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.8-8.5) and 4% (95% CI: 3.1-5.2), respectively. The prevalence of PTSS was 23% (95% CI: 21.1-25.4). Women who reported symptoms of anxiety or depression when requesting abortion were more likely to have ongoing PTSD or PTSS. Also single-living women and smokers displayed higher rates of ongoing PTSD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although PTSD is rare among women who request an induced abortion, a relatively high proportion suffers from PTSS. Abortion seeking women with trauma experiences and existing or preexisting mental disorders need more consideration and alertness when counselled for termination.
authors: * Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden.
authors: Inger
authors: I
authors: Wallin Lundell
authors: Inger
authors: I
authors: Sundström Poromaa
authors: Orjan
authors: O
authors: Frans
authors: Lotti
authors: L
authors: Helström
authors: Ulf
authors: U
authors: Högberg
authors: Lena
authors: L
authors: Moby
authors: Sigrid
authors: S
authors: Nyberg
authors: Gunilla
authors: G
authors: Sydsjö
authors: Susanne
authors: S
authors: Georgsson Öhman
authors: Ingrid
authors: I
authors: Östlund
authors: Agneta
authors: A
authors: Skoog Svanberg
mesh_terms: D000028:Abortion, Induced / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000150:complications; D015897:Comorbidity; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D011247:Pregnancy; D015995:Prevalence; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012307:Risk Factors; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D013548:Sweden
references: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1995 Dec;52(12):1048-60
references: 7492257
references: N Engl J Med. 2011 Jan 27;364(4):332-9
references: 21268725
references: Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2002 Jan;81(1):64-71
references: 11942890
references: Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. 2011 Oct;16(5):369-77
references: 21777046
references: J Psychosom Res. 2002 Feb;52(2):69-77
references: 11832252
references: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1997 Jan;54(1):81-7
references: 9006404
references: Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1997 Oct;96(4):281-6
references: 9350957
references: Clin Psychol Rev. 2007 Jan;27(1):14-45
references: 17034916
references: Am J Psychiatry. 1997 Aug;154(8):1114-9
references: 9247398
references: Obstet Gynecol. 2004 Oct;104(4):770-6
references: 15458900
references: J Anxiety Disord. 2008 Oct;22(7):1214-26
references: 18282685
references: Soc Sci Med. 2004 Jun;58(12):2559-69
references: 15081205
references: Psychol Med. 2004 Oct;34(7):1205-14
references: 15697047
references: Scand J Caring Sci. 2003 Sep;17(3):265-70
references: 12919461
references: Med Sci Monit. 2004 Oct;10(10):SR5-16
references: 15448616
references: Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 1998 Aug;79(2):173-8
references: 9720837
references: BJOG. 2009 Apr;116(5):672-80
references: 19220236
references: Br J Clin Psychol. 2000 Mar;39(1):35-51
references: 10789027
references: Annu Rev Psychol. 2003;54:229-52
references: 12172002
references: Scand J Public Health. 2008 Jun;36(4):424-8
references: 18539697
references: J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2002 Mar;23(1):31-9
references: 12061035
references: Soc Sci Med. 2008 Jul;67(2):238-52
references: 18468755
references: J Abnorm Psychol. 2001 Nov;110(4):585-99
references: 11727948
references: J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2011 Jun;32(2):88-97
references: 21557681
references: Birth. 2001 Jun;28(2):111-8
references: 11380382
references: Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1983 Jun;67(6):361-70
references: 6880820
references: J Trauma. 2004 Aug;57(2):367-74
references: 15345987
references: Addict Behav. 2007 Feb;32(2):214-27
references: 16644135
references: Clin Psychol Rev. 2006 Jan;26(1):1-16
references: 16176853
references: Harv Rev Psychiatry. 2009;17(4):268-90
references: 19637075
references: Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2005 Apr;111(4):291-9
references: 15740465
references: Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 1998 Mar;77(1):67-70
references: 9550203