title: Short and long term bystander effect induction by fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas, Rafinesque, 1820) injected with environmentally relevant whole body doses of 226Ra.
abstract: Bystander effect induction by fathead minnows injected with environmentally relevant doses of (226)Ra was investigated. Twenty four h and 6 months after injection with a single dose of 21, 210 or 2100 μBq, fin tissue samples emitted a pro-apoptotic signal, which reduced the clonogenic survival of an apoptosis sensitive reporter cell line. Twenty four h and 10 weeks after injection explants from non-injected bystander fish, swum with the injected fish, also emitted a pro-apoptotic signal. However 6 months after injection the bystander fish to 21 and 210 μBq injected fish emitted an anti-apoptotic signal. This demonstrates that extremely low dose irradiation can have effects outside of the irradiated fish. This has implications for population and ecosystem responses to contamination.
authors: Department of Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada. Electronic address: rich.wilson.smith@gmail.com.
authors: Richard W
authors: RW
authors: Smith
authors: Colin B
authors: CB
authors: Seymour
authors: Carmel E
authors: CE
authors: Mothersill
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D024201:Bystander Effect / Q000502:physiology*; D003530:Cyprinidae / Q000378:metabolism*; D011883:Radium / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D011883:Radium
keywords: (226)Ra; Apoptosis; Bystander effect; Direct effect; Fathead minnow; HPV-G; Human Papilloma Virus strain G transfected human keratinocytes; US Environmental Protection Agency; USEPA