title: Promotion of transplanted bone marrow-derived cell migration into the periodontal tissues due to orthodontic mechanical stress.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bone marrow-derived cells (BMCs) have abilities of cell migration and differentiation into tissues/organs in the body and related with the differentiation of teeth or periodontal tissue including fibroblasts. Then, we examined the effect of orthodontic mechanical stress to the transplanted BMC migration into periodontal tissues using BMC transplantation model.
  
  
  METHODS
  BMC from green fluorescence protein (GFP) transgenic mice were transplanted into 8-week-old female C57BL/6 immunocompromised recipient mice, which had undergone 10 Gy of lethal whole-body-irradiation. Five mice as experimental group were received orthodontic mechanical stress using separator between first molar (M1) and second molar (M2) 1 time per week for 5 weeks and 5 mice as control group were not received mechanical stress. The maxilla with M1 and M2 was removed and was immunohistochemically analyzed using a Dako Envision + Kit-K4006 and a primary anti-GFP-polyclonal rabbit antibody. Immunohistochemically stained was defined as positive area and the pixel number of positive area in the periodontal tissue was compared with the previously calculated total pixel number of the periodontal tissue.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The immunohistochemistry revealed that GFP positive cells were detected in the periodontal tissues, both in the experimental and control specimens. The ratio of pixel number in the examination group showed 5.77 ± 3.24 % (mean ± SD); and that in the control group, 0.71 ± 0.45 % (mean ± SD). The examination group was significantly greater than that of control group (Mann-Whitney U test: p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that orthodontic mechanical stress accelerates transplanted BMC migration into periodontal tissues.
authors: Department of Oral Physiology, Matsumoto Dental University School of Dentistry, Shiojiri, Japan.
authors: Mihoko
authors: M
authors: Tomida
authors: Hidetsugu
authors: H
authors: Tsujigiwa
authors: Keisuke
authors: K
authors: Nakano
authors: Rina
authors: R
authors: Muraoka
authors: Takami
authors: T
authors: Nakamura
authors: Norimasa
authors: N
authors: Okafuji
authors: Hitoshi
authors: H
authors: Nagatsuka
authors: Toshiyuki
authors: T
authors: Kawakami
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D010519:Periodontium / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D013314:Stress, Mechanical
keywords: bone marrow-derived cell (BMC); fibroblast.; green fluorescent protein (GFP); mechanical stress; periodontal tissue
references: J Vasc Res. 2003 Jul-Aug;40(4):368-77
references: 12891006
references: J Dent Res. 2004 Jul;83(7):523-8
references: 15218040
references: Circulation. 2001 Feb 13;103(6):897-903
references: 11171801
references: J Immunol. 1988 May 1;140(9):2970-6
references: 3129505
references: Ann Hematol. 2003 Oct;82(10):599-604
references: 12898189
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Jan 20;95(2):725-9
references: 9435260
references: Eur J Med Res. 2008 Sep 22;13(9):425-31
references: 18948234
references: Tissue Eng. 2007 Oct;13(10):2441-50
references: 17630877
references: Stem Cells. 2006 Mar;24(3):717-21
references: 16269529
references: Nature. 2002 Jul 4;418(6893):41-9
references: 12077603
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Feb 4;100(3):1364-9
references: 12538864
references: Clin Plast Surg. 1994 Jul;21(3):429-35
references: 7924141
references: Blood. 2011 Apr 7;117(14):3893-902
references: 21224474
references: Cardiovasc Res. 2005 Jun 1;66(3):543-51
references: 15914119
references: J Dent Res. 2004 Jul;83(7):518-22
references: 15218039
references: Circ Res. 2004 Feb 6;94(2):230-8
references: 14656934
references: Science. 2000 Dec 1;290(5497):1779-82
references: 11099419
references: Circ Res. 2004 Aug 20;95(4):354-63
references: 15321945
references: Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2010 Jan 8;391(2):1268-73
references: 20006575
references: Brain Res. 2005 Aug 2;1052(1):10-5
references: 15996641
references: Circ Res. 2000 Jun 23;86(12):1198-202
references: 10864908
references: J Cell Biochem. 2008 May 15;104(2):620-8
references: 18080317
references: Eur J Med Res. 2010 Nov 25;15(11):475-82
references: 21159572
references: J Surg Res. 2001 Sep;100(1):18-24
references: 11516200
references: FEBS Lett. 1997 May 5;407(3):313-9
references: 9175875
references: Cell Prolif. 2007 Jun;40(3):381-96
references: 17531082
references: Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2005 Oct 1;43(19):1275-8
references: 16271229
references: Folia Histochem Cytobiol. 2006;44(4):215-30
references: 17219716