title: Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule targeted oxidant-resistant mutant thrombomodulin fusion protein with enhanced potency in vitro and in vivo.
abstract: Thrombomodulin (TM) is a glycoprotein normally present in the membrane of endothelial cells that binds thrombin and changes its substrate specificity to produce activated protein C (APC) that has antithrombotic and anti-inflammatory features. To compensate for loss of endogenous TM in pathology, we have fused recombinant TM with single chain variable fragment (scFv) of an antibody to mouse platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM). This fusion, anti-PECAM scFv/TM, anchors on the endothelium, stimulates APC production, and provides therapeutic benefits superior to sTM in animal models of acute thrombosis and inflammation. However, in conditions of oxidative stress typical of vascular inflammation, TM is inactivated via oxidation of the methionine 388 (M388) residue. Capitalizing on the reports that M388L mutation renders TM resistant to oxidative inactivation, in this study we designed a mutant anti-PECAM scFv/TM M388L. This mutant has the same APC-producing capacity and binding to target cells, yet, in contrast to wild-type fusion, it retains APC-producing activity in an oxidizing environment in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, oxidant resistant mutant anti-PECAM scFv/TM M388L is a preferable targeted biotherapeutic to compensate for loss of antithrombotic and anti-inflammatory TM functions in the context of vascular oxidative stress.
authors: Department of Pharmacology and Center for Targeted Therapeutics and Translational Nanomedicine of the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (R.C., C.F.G., A.M.C., S.Z., and V.R.M.) and Department of Radiology, the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (A.M.C.); Department of Molecular Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (K.R.P.); Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York (B.S.D.); Departments of Pathology and Biochemistry Molecular Biology, Coagulation Biology Laboratory, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Oklahoma City, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (C.T.E.).
authors: Ronald
authors: R
authors: Carnemolla
authors: Colin F
authors: CF
authors: Greineder
authors: Ann-Marie
authors: AM
authors: Chacko
authors: Kruti Rajan
authors: KR
authors: Patel
authors: Bi-Sen
authors: BS
authors: Ding
authors: Sergei
authors: S
authors: Zaitsev
authors: Charles T
authors: CT
authors: Esmon
authors: Vladimir R
authors: VR
authors: Muzykantov
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002460:Cell Line; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009154:Mutation; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010314:Partial Thromboplastin Time; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011485:Protein Binding; D011486:Protein C / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D057127:Single-Chain Antibodies / Q000235:genetics; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D013917:Thrombin / Q000378:metabolism; D018180:Thrombomodulin / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D011486:Protein C; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D057127:Single-Chain Antibodies; D018180:Thrombomodulin; D013917:Thrombin
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