title: Effect of sewage water on mineral nutritive potential of six fodder species grown under semiarid conditions.
abstract: Investigation was performed to assess the effect of different sewage water treatments on the metal status of different fodder species consumed by ruminants under semi-arid conditions. Five samples each of six fodder species viz., Trifolium alexandrinum, Cichorium intybus, Avena sativa, Medicago polymorpha, Brassica campestris and Medicago sativa were collected from three fields irrigated with canal water, mix water (canal water and sewage water) and sewage water, respectively. Fodder samples were analyzed to determine the Mg, Co and Zn concentrations in shoots. Higher values of these metals were found in fodder species irrigated with sewage water relatively. Mg and Zn concentrations in all the fodder species were found to be below the critical level among all treatments. Whereas, concentrations of Co in the different fodder species were significantly different (p < 0.05) and above the critical level. Consequently, ruminants feeding on these fodder species need continued mineral supplementation of Zn and Mg elements to prevent diseases caused by the deficiency of these elements, and to support optimum animal productivity.
authors: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan.
authors: Kafeel
authors: K
authors: Ahmad
authors: Muhammad
authors: M
authors: Ibrahim
authors: Zafar Iqbal
authors: ZI
authors: Khan
authors: Yasir
authors: Y
authors: Rizwan
authors: Abid
authors: A
authors: Ejaz
authors: Asia
authors: A
authors: Fardsous
authors: Sumaira
authors: S
authors: Gondal
authors: Dong Jin
authors: DJ
authors: Lee
authors: Mohammed
authors: M
authors: Al-Yemeni
keywords: Irrigation water; Nutrient element; Pakistan; Ruminants
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