title: Removal and factors influencing removal of sulfonamides and trimethoprim from domestic sewage in constructed wetlands.
abstract: Twelve pilot-scale constructed wetlands with different configurations were set up in the field to evaluate the removal and factors that influence removal of sulfonamides (sulfadiazine, sulfapyridine, sulfacetamide, sulfamethazine and sulfamethoxazole) and trimethoprim from domestic sewage. The treatments included four flow types, three substrates, two plants and three hydraulic loading rates across two seasons (summer and winter). Most target antibiotics were efficiently removed by specific constructed wetlands; in particular, all types of constructed wetlands performed well for the degradation of sulfapyridine. Flow types were the most important influencing factor in this study, and the best removal of sulfonamides was achieved in vertical subsurface-flow constructed wetlands; however, the opposite phenomenon was found with trimethoprim. Significant relationships were observed between antibiotic degradation and higher temperature and redox potential, which indicated that microbiological pathways were the most probable degradation route for sulfonamides and trimethoprim in constructed wetlands.
authors: Research Center of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
authors: Dan A
authors: Research Center of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Tropical and Subtropical Aquatic Ecological Engineering, Guangzhou 510632, China. Electronic address: yangyang@scies.org.
authors: Yang
authors: Y
authors: Yang
authors: Research Center of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
authors: Yu-Nv
authors: YN
authors: Dai
authors: Research Center of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
authors: Chun-Xing
authors: CX
authors: Chen
authors: Research Center of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
authors: Su-Yu
authors: SY
authors: Wang
authors: Research Center of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
authors: Ran
authors: R
authors: Tao
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D004867:Equipment Design; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010944:Plants / Q000378:metabolism; D012621:Seasons; D012722:Sewage; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D013696:Temperature; D014295:Trimethoprim / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid; D014872:Water Movements; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*; D053833:Wetlands
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D012722:Sewage; D013449:Sulfonamides; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014295:Trimethoprim
keywords: Antibiotics; Constructed wetlands; Influencing factors; Orthogonal test; Removal