title: Comparative antibacterial efficacies of hydrodynamic and ultrasonic irrigation systems in vitro.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To ensure root canal treatment success, endodontic microbiota should be efficiently reduced. The in vitro bactericidal effects of a hydrodynamic system and a passive ultrasonic irrigation system were compared.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single-rooted extracted teeth (n = 250) were contaminated with suspensions of Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, mixed aerobic cultures, or mixed anaerobic cultures. First, the antibacterial effects of the hydrodynamic system (RinsEndo), a passive ultrasonic irrigation system (Piezo smart), and manual rinsing with 0.9% NaCl (the control) were compared. Colony-forming units were counted. Second, the 2 systems were used with 1.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) alone or NaOCl + 0.2% chlorhexidine (CHX). The colony-forming units in the treated and untreated roots were determined during a period of 5 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both irrigation systems reduced bacterial numbers more effectively than manual rinsing (P < .001). With NaCl, ultrasonic activated irrigation reduced bacterial counts significantly better than hydrodynamic irrigation (P = .042). The NaOCl + CHX combination was more effective than NaOCl alone for both systems (P < .001), but hydrodynamic irrigation was more effective with NaOCl + CHX than the passive ultrasonic irrigation system.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both irrigation systems, when combined with NaOCl + CHX, removed bacteria from root canals.
authors: Department of Restorative and Preventive Dentistry, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. cachovan@uke.de
authors: Georg
authors: G
authors: Cachovan
authors: Ulrich
authors: U
authors: Schiffner
authors: Saskia
authors: S
authors: Altenhof
authors: Arndt
authors: A
authors: Guentsch
authors: Wolfgang
authors: W
authors: Pfister
authors: Sigrun
authors: S
authors: Eick
mesh_terms: D000190:Actinomyces / Q000187:drug effects; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D058491:Bacterial Load / Q000187:drug effects; D001644:Bifidobacterium / Q000187:drug effects; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology; D004203:Disinfection / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis / Q000187:drug effects; D005051:Eubacterium / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D057446:Hydrodynamics; D008422:Materials Testing; D010462:Peptostreptococcus / Q000187:drug effects; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D014465:Ultrasonics / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004338:Drug Combinations; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite; D002710:Chlorhexidine
keywords: Antimicrobial activity; Enterococcus faecalis; hydrodynamic irrigation; passive ultrasonic irrigation