title: High rates of incident and prevalent anal human papillomavirus infection among young men who have sex with men.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There are few published estimates of anal human papillomavirus (HPV) infection rates among young men who have sex with men (YMSM).
  
  
  METHODS
  We estimated incidence and prevalence of type-specific anal HPV infection using clinician-collected anal swabs for HPV DNA testing obtained during a 1-year prospective study of 94 YMSM (mean age, 21 years) in Seattle.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy percent of YMSM had any HPV infection detected during the study, and HPV-16 and/or -18 were detected in 37%. The incidence rate for any new HPV infection was 38.5 per 1000 person-months and 15.3 per 1000 person-months for HPV-16/18; 19% had persistent HPV-16/18 infection. No participant tested positive for all 4 HPV types in the quadrivalent vaccine. The number of lifetime male receptive anal sex partners was significantly associated with HPV infection. The prevalence of HPV-16/18 was 6% among YMSM with a history of 1 receptive anal sex partner and 31% among YMSM with ≥ 2 partners.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the high prevalence of HPV among YMSM highlights the desirability of vaccinating all boys as a strategy to avert the morbidity of HPV infection, most YMSM appear to remain naive to either HPV-16 or -18 well into their sexual lives and would benefit from HPV immunization.
authors: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia.
authors: Sara Nelson
authors: SN
authors: Glick
authors: Qinghua
authors: Q
authors: Feng
authors: Viorica
authors: V
authors: Popov
authors: Laura A
authors: LA
authors: Koutsky
authors: Matthew R
authors: MR
authors: Golden
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001003:Anal Canal / Q000821:virology; D001004:Anus Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005838:Genotype; D018451:Homosexuality, Male; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral
keywords: HPV; HPV quadrivalent vaccine; incidence; prevalence; young men who have sex with men
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