title: Toxoplasma gondii Syntaxin 6 is required for vesicular transport between endosomal-like compartments and the Golgi complex.
abstract: Apicomplexans are obligate intracellular parasites that invade the host cell in an active process that relies on unique secretory organelles (micronemes, rhoptries and dense granules) localized at the apical tip of these highly polarized eukaryotes. In order for the contents of these specialized organelles to reach their final destination, these proteins are sorted post-Golgi and it has been speculated that they pass through endosomal-like compartments (ELCs), where they undergo maturation. Here, we characterize a Toxoplasma gondii homologue of Syntaxin 6 (TgStx6), a well-established marker for the early endosomes and trans Golgi network (TGN) in diverse eukaryotes. Indeed, TgStx6 appears to have a role in the retrograde transport between ELCs, the TGN and the Golgi, because overexpression of TgStx6 results in the development of abnormally shaped parasites with expanded ELCs, a fragmented Golgi and a defect in inner membrane complex maturation. Interestingly, other organelles such as the micronemes, rhoptries and the apicoplast are not affected, establishing the TGN as a major sorting compartment where several transport pathways intersect. It therefore appears that Toxoplasma has retained a plant-like secretory pathway.
authors: Wellcome Trust Centre for Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK.
authors: Allison J
authors: AJ
authors: Jackson
authors: Caroline
authors: C
authors: Clucas
authors: Nicola J
authors: NJ
authors: Mamczur
authors: David J
authors: DJ
authors: Ferguson
authors: Markus
authors: M
authors: Meissner
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D011992:Endosomes / Q000378:metabolism*; D006056:Golgi Apparatus / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D021381:Protein Transport; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D050765:Qa-SNARE Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014122:Toxoplasma / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015800:Protozoan Proteins; D050765:Qa-SNARE Proteins
keywords: Golgi; Syntaxin; TGN; Toxoplasma gondii; conditional mutant; endosomes; vesicular traffic
references: Curr Biol. 2009 Feb 24;19(4):277-86
references: 19217293
references: Traffic. 2008 May;9(5):636-46
references: 18331382
references: Subcell Biochem. 2000;34:1-38
references: 10808330
references: J Biol Chem. 2003 Feb 14;278(7):5433-43
references: 12468555
references: Nat Methods. 2007 Dec;4(12):1003-5
references: 17994029
references: Nature. 2002 Aug 1;418(6897):548-52
references: 12152082
references: Traffic. 2009 Jul;10(7):819-28
references: 19416470
references: Mol Microbiol. 2010 Jun;76(6):1340-57
references: 20444089
references: Mol Membr Biol. 2010 Nov;27(8):469-89
references: 21067450
references: J Biol Chem. 1996 Jan 12;271(2):1160-5
references: 8557645
references: Methods Mol Biol. 1998;80:297-311
references: 9664388
references: Trends Cell Biol. 2011 Mar;21(3):159-67
references: 21183348
references: J Biol Chem. 2005 Oct 7;280(40):34245-58
references: 16002398
references: Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2008 Apr;5(2):199-203
references: 18407758
references: J Cell Biol. 2011 Aug 8;194(3):459-72
references: 21807881
references: Mol Microbiol. 2004 Jun;52(6):1531-41
references: 15186406
references: J Biol Chem. 1996 Jun 14;271(24):14010-9
references: 8662859
references: Mol Biol Cell. 2001 Dec;12(12):3733-43
references: 11739776
references: Biochim Biophys Acta. 2005 Jul 10;1744(3):438-54
references: 15913810
references: Mol Biochem Parasitol. 1997 Sep;88(1-2):43-52
references: 9274866
references: Int J Parasitol. 2012 Jan;42(1):21-32
references: 22154850
references: PLoS Pathog. 2009 Jan;5(1):e1000270
references: 19165333
references: Mol Biol Cell. 1997 Jul;8(7):1261-71
references: 9243506
references: PLoS Pathog. 2009 Feb;5(2):e1000309
references: 19247437
references: Plant Cell. 2006 Sep;18(9):2275-93
references: 16935987
references: Mol Biochem Parasitol. 2001 Jul;115(2):257-68
references: 11420112
references: J Cell Biol. 2002 Feb 18;156(4):653-64
references: 11839770
references: FEBS Lett. 2005 Aug 15;579(20):4226-34
references: 16081076
references: Mol Biol Cell. 2006 Oct;17(10):4551-63
references: 16914527
references: J Cell Biol. 2001 Feb 5;152(3):563-78
references: 11157983
references: Mol Cell Biol. 2000 Dec;20(24):9399-408
references: 11094090
references: Curr Opin Microbiol. 2007 Feb;10(1):83-9
references: 16837236
references: Mol Microbiol. 2010 Jun;76(6):1358-75
references: 20398214
references: Genome Res. 2003 Sep;13(9):2178-89
references: 12952885
references: Nat Cell Biol. 2000 Jul;2(7):449-56
references: 10878811
references: PLoS Pathog. 2013 Mar;9(3):e1003213
references: 23505371
references: Cell Microbiol. 2002 Mar;4(3):139-52
references: 11906451
references: J Biol Chem. 2004 Mar 12;279(11):10692-701
references: 14670954
references: Nat Cell Biol. 2006 Apr;8(4):317-28
references: 16565709
references: Eukaryot Cell. 2005 Feb;4(2):432-42
references: 15701805
references: Science. 2002 Oct 25;298(5594):837-40
references: 12399593
references: PLoS One. 2010 Aug 19;5(8):e12302
references: 20808817
references: Nat Methods. 2013 Feb;10(2):125-7
references: 23263690
references: Mol Membr Biol. 2005 Jul-Aug;22(4):313-25
references: 16154903
references: Arch Biochem Biophys. 2007 Nov 15;467(2):249-60
references: 17919451
references: Biochim Biophys Acta. 1998 Aug 14;1404(1-2):9-31
references: 9714710
references: Mol Biol Cell. 1999 Jul;10(7):2407-23
references: 10397773
references: EMBO J. 2011 Aug 31;30(17):3481-500
references: 21878991
references: Cell Mol Life Sci. 2008 Sep;65(18):2842-58
references: 18726175
references: J Cell Biol. 1998 Jun 29;141(7):1503-13
references: 9647644
references: Nat Rev Microbiol. 2010 Sep;8(9):617-21
references: 20706280
references: Cell. 1986 Dec 26;47(6):1041-51
references: 3536126
references: J Exp Med. 1999 Dec 20;190(12):1783-92
references: 10601353
references: Traffic. 2001 Sep;2(9):606-11
references: 11555414
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Dec 22;95(26):15781-6
references: 9861047
references: PLoS Pathog. 2010 Feb 05;6(2):e1000754
references: 20140195
references: J Biol Chem. 1996 Jul 5;271(27):15866-9
references: 8663406
references: Cell Host Microbe. 2012 May 17;11(5):515-27
references: 22607804
references: FEBS J. 2011 Dec;278(23):4497-505
references: 21554543
references: PLoS Pathog. 2010 Jul 29;6(7):e1001029
references: 20686666
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Dec 15;90(24):11703-7
references: 8265612
references: PLoS Genet. 2005 Nov;1(5):e52
references: 16276403
references: Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2009 Feb;21(1):4-13
references: 19201590
references: Cell Res. 2012 Feb;22(2):413-24
references: 21826108
references: PLoS Pathog. 2011 Feb;7(2):e1001286
references: 21379336