title: The Pampulha reservoir remains a potential urban focus of schistosomiasis mansoni in Brazil: changes in the occurrence patterns of Biomphalaria species and a new record of the parasite.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Pampulha reservoir has long been a focus of schistosomiasis transmission in Belo Horizonte, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The last malacological study conducted in this urban reservoir was more than two decades ago, and thus, an update on the distribution of the species of Biomphalaria as well as new data on the presence of Schistosoma mansoni in this water body are required.
  
  
  METHODS
  The current distribution of Biomphalaria spp. in the Pampulha reservoir and their infection with S. mansoni was evaluated during 55 malacological surveys conducted between 2009 and 2012.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Biomphalaria straminea displayed a high population density and distribution, and 13.7% (2,233/16,235) of the specimens collected were infected with larval trematodes other than Schistosoma mansoni. Biomphalaria tenagophila and Biomphalaria glabrata, species currently presenting a restricted distribution and small populations, displayed trematode infection rates of 15.2% (98/644) and 13% (83/640), respectively. Thirteen (2%) specimens of B. glabrata were found to be infected with S. mansoni. In addition, a historical review based on previous and new data on the occurrence patterns of Biomphalaria species in this reservoir is presented.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that the Pampulha reservoir remains a potential focus of urban schistosomiasis in Brazil, and significant changes in the occurrence patterns of Biomphalaria species were verified.
authors: Laboratório de Taxonomia e Biologia de Invertebrados, Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG. hudsonalves13@ig.com.br
authors: Hudson Alves
authors: HA
authors: Pinto
authors: Vitor Luís Tenório
authors: VL
authors: Mati
authors: Alan Lane de
authors: AL
authors: Melo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001700:Biomphalaria / Q000145:classification / Q000469:parasitology*; D001938:Brazil; D004197:Disease Reservoirs / Q000469:parasitology*; D004199:Disease Vectors; D060106:Lakes / Q000469:parasitology*; D051379:Mice; D011156:Population Density; D012550:Schistosoma mansoni / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012555:Schistosomiasis mansoni / Q000635:transmission; D014505:Urban Population