title: Realistic approach to estimate lens doses and cataract radiation risk in cardiology when personal dosimeters have not been regularly used.
abstract: Interventional fluoroscopic guided cardiac procedures lead to radiation exposure to the lenses of the eyes of cardiologists, which over time may be associated with an increased risk of cataracts. This study derives radiation doses to the lens of the eye in cardiac catheterization laboratories from measurements of individual procedures to allow for estimates of such doses for those cases when personal dosimeters have not been used regularly. Using active electronic dosimeters at the C-arm (at 95 cm from the isocenter), scatter radiation doses have been measured for cardiac procedures and estimated radiation doses to the lenses of the cardiologists for different groups of procedures (diagnostic, PTCAs, and valvular). Correlation factors with kerma area product included in the patient dose reports have been derived. The mean, median, and third quartile scatter dose values per procedure at the C-arm for 1,969 procedures were 0.99, 0.78 and 1.25 mSv, respectively; for coronary angiography, 0.51, 0.45, and 0.61 mSv, respectively; for PTCAs, 1.29, 1.07, and 1.56 mSv; and for valvular procedures, 1.64, 1.45, and 2.66 mSv, respectively. For all the procedures, the ratio between the scatter dose at the C-arm and the kerma area product resulted in between 10.3-11.3 μSv Gy cm. The experimental results of this study allow for realistic estimations of the dose to the lenses of the eyes from the workload of the cardiologists and from the level of use of radiation protection tools when personal dosimeters have not been regularly used.
authors: Medical Physics Service, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain. eliseov@med.ucm.es
authors: Eliseo
authors: E
authors: Vañó
authors: José M
authors: JM
authors: Fernández
authors: Roberto M
authors: RM
authors: Sánchez
authors: Lawrence T
authors: LT
authors: Dauer
mesh_terms: D002309:Cardiology; D002386:Cataract / Q000209:etiology*; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D007908:Lens, Crystalline / Q000528:radiation effects*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D057285:Precision Medicine; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000209:etiology*; D011834:Radiation Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D011835:Radiation Protection; D012306:Risk; D012542:Scattering, Radiation