title: Effects of androgen deprivation on cerebral morphometry in prostate cancer patients--an exploratory study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is a common treatment for non-metastatic, low-risk prostate cancer, but a potential side effect of ADT is impaired brain functioning. Previous work with functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated altered prefrontal cortical activations in cognitive control, with undetectable changes in behavioral performance. Given the utility of brain imaging in identifying the potentially deleterious effects of ADT on brain functions, the current study examined the effects of ADT on cerebral structures using high resolution MRI and voxel-based morphometry (VBM).
  
  
  METHODS
  High resolution T1 weighted image of the whole brain were acquired at baseline and six months after ADT for 12 prostate cancer patients and 12 demographically matched non-exposed control participants imaged at the same time points. Brain images were segmented into gray matter, white matter and cerebral ventricles using the VBM toolbox as implemented in Statistical Parametric Mapping 8.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to baseline scan, prostate cancer patients undergoing ADT showed decreased gray matter volume in frontopolar cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and primary motor cortex, whereas the non-exposed control participants did not show such changes. In addition, the decrease in gray matter volume of the primary motor cortex showed a significant correlation with longer reaction time to target detection in a working memory task.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ADT can affect cerebral gray matter volumes in prostate cancer patients. If replicated, these results may facilitate future studies of cognitive function and quality of life in men receiving ADT, and can also help clinicians weigh the benefits and risks of hormonal therapy in the treatment of prostate cancer.
authors: Department of Internal Medicine & Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America ; Medical Service, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, United States of America.
authors: Herta H
authors: HH
authors: Chao
authors: Sien
authors: S
authors: Hu
authors: Jaime S
authors: JS
authors: Ide
authors: Edward
authors: E
authors: Uchio
authors: Sheng
authors: S
authors: Zhang
authors: Michal
authors: M
authors: Rose
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Concato
authors: Chiang-Shan R
authors: CS
authors: Li
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D059906:Neuroimaging; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011788:Quality of Life
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal
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