title: Larvicidal effects of endophytic and basidiomycete fungus extracts on Aedes and Anopheles larvae (Diptera, Culicidae).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In vitro bioassays were performed to access the larvicidal activity of crude extracts from the endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis virgulata (Melanconiales, Amphisphaeriaceae) and the saprophytic fungus Pycnoporus sanguineus (Basidiomycetes, Polyporaceae) against the mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Anopheles nuneztovari.
  
  
  METHODS
  The extracts were tested at concentrations of 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500ppm. Ethyl acetate mycelia (EAM) extracts and liquid culture media (LCM) from Pe. virgulata and Py. sanguineus were tested against third instar larvae of Ae. aegypti and An. nuneztovari.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The larvicidal activity of the EAM extracts from Pe. virgulata against Ae. aegypti had an LC50=101.8ppm, and the extract from the basidiomycete fungus Py. sanguineus had an LC50=156.8ppm against the Ae. aegypti larvae. The Pe. virgulata extract had an LC50=16.3ppm against the An. nuneztovari larvae, and the Py. sanguineus extract had an LC50=87.2ppm against these larvae.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results highlight the larvicidal effect of EAM extracts from the endophyte Pe. virgulata against the two larval mosquitoes tested. Thus, Pe. virgulata and Py. sanguineus have the potential for the production of bioactive substances against larvae of these two tropical disease vectors, with An. nuneztovari being more susceptible to these extracts.
authors: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, AM. abucker@gmail.com
authors: Augusto
authors: A
authors: Bücker
authors: Nádia Cristina Falcão
authors: NC
authors: Bücker
authors: Antonia Queiroz Lima de
authors: AQ
authors: Souza
authors: Auricélia Matos da
authors: AM
authors: Gama
authors: Edson
authors: E
authors: Rodrigues-Filho
authors: Fábio Medeiros da
authors: FM
authors: Costa
authors: Cecilia Veronica
authors: CV
authors: Nunez
authors: Ademir Castro E
authors: AC
authors: Silva
authors: Wanderli Pedro
authors: WP
authors: Tadei
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes / Q000187:drug effects*; D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles / Q000187:drug effects*; D001487:Basidiomycota / Q000737:chemistry*; D001681:Biological Assay; D060026:Endophytes / Q000737:chemistry*; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000187:drug effects*; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects; D007928:Lethal Dose 50