title: Pre-school hyperactivity/attention problems and educational outcomes in adolescence: prospective longitudinal study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  High levels of attentional and hyperactivity problems in school-aged children, even if subthreshold for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), are associated with academic under-achievement. Few large-scale, community-based studies have investigated the relationship between pre-school and adolescence.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether pre-school hyperactivity/inattention and conduct problems are independently associated with academic outcomes at age 16.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from the prospective, population-based Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) were used. After adjusting for a broad range of confounder variables, the associations between parent-rated hyperactivity/inattention and conduct problems measured at age 3 and academic outcomes at age 16 (national General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) examination results) were investigated (n = 11 640).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both early hyperactivity/inattention and conduct problems had negative effects on academic outcomes. In adjusted analyses, abnormal hyperactivity/inattention scores were associated with reductions of ten GCSE points in boys. Borderline and abnormal conduct problem scores were associated with reductions of 9-10 and 12-15 points respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pre-school hyperactivity/inattention and conduct problems carry risk of worse academic outcomes at 16.
authors: Elizabeth Washbrook, PhD, Centre for Multilevel Modelling, University of Bristol; Carol Propper, PhD, Department of Economics, University of Bristol; Kapil Sayal, MRCPsych, PhD, Division of Psychiatry and Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, UK.
authors: Elizabeth
authors: E
authors: Washbrook
authors: Carol
authors: C
authors: Propper
authors: Kapil
authors: K
authors: Sayal
mesh_terms: D000124:Achievement; D000293:Adolescent; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000523:psychology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019955:Conduct Disorder / Q000523:psychology; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis