title: Jiaotai Pill enhances insulin signaling through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway in skeletal muscle of diabetic rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of Jiaotai Pill (, JTP) at different constitutional proportions on insulin signaling through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway in the skeletal muscle of diabetic rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  The rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was established by intravenous injection of a small dose of streptozotoein plus high fat diet feeding. JTP at the same dosage of cinnamon and the increasing dosage of Coptis chinensis was administered to diabetic rats for nine weeks respectively. Plasma glucose and insulin levels were assayed. The expressions of proteins were determined by Western blot method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All the three formulations of JTP decreased plasma glucose and fasting insulin levels as well as increased the protein expressions of insulin receptor β (InsRβ) subunit, insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), PI3K p85 subunit and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) in skeletal muscle. Meanwhile, JTP increased the tyrosine phosphorylation of InsRβ subunit and IRS-1, and reduced the serine phosphorylation of IRS-1 in skeletal muscle. Interestingly, the effect of JTP on improving insulin sensitivity was not dose-dependent. In contrast, JTP containing the least amount of Coptis chinensis exhibited the best effect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  JTP at different constitutional proportions attenuates the development of diabetes in a rat model of T2DM. The mechanism might be associated with enhancing insulin signaling through PI3K pathway in the skeletal muscle.
authors: Institute of Integrative Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
authors: Hui
authors: H
authors: Dong
authors: Jian-hong
authors: JH
authors: Wang
authors: Fu-er
authors: FE
authors: Lu
authors: Li-jun
authors: LJ
authors: Xu
authors: Yan-lin
authors: YL
authors: Gong
authors: Xin
authors: X
authors: Zou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology*; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4 / Q000378:metabolism; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000187:drug effects; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D019000:Phosphotyrosine / Q000378:metabolism; D021122:Protein Subunits / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011972:Receptor, Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D007328:Insulin; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins; D021122:Protein Subunits; C000588549:jiaotai; D019000:Phosphotyrosine; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D011972:Receptor, Insulin
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