title: A missense mutation in DUSP6 is associated with Class III malocclusion.
abstract: Class III malocclusion is a common dentofacial phenotype with a variable prevalence according to ethnic background. The etiology of Class III malocclusion has been attributed mainly to interactions between susceptibility genes and environmental factors during the morphogenesis of the mandible and maxilla. Class III malocclusion shows familial recurrence, and family-based studies support a predominance of an autosomal-dominant mode of inheritance. We performed whole-exome sequencing on five siblings from an Estonian family affected by Class III malocclusion. We identified a rare heterozygous missense mutation, c.545C>T (p.Ser182Phe), in the DUSP6 gene, a likely causal variant. This variant co-segregated with the disease following an autosomal-dominant mode of inheritance with incomplete penetrance. Transcriptional activation of DUSP6 has been presumed to be regulated by FGF/FGFR and MAPK/ERK signaling during fundamental processes at early stages of skeletal development. Several candidate genes within a linkage region on chromosome 12q22-q23--harboring DUSP6--are implicated in the regulation of maxillary or mandibular growth. The current study reinforces that the 12q22-q23 region is biologically relevant to craniofacial development and may be genetically linked to the Class III malocclusion.
authors: Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Estonia.
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Nikopensius
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Saag
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Jagomägi
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Annilo
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Kals
authors: P A
authors: PA
authors: Kivistik
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Milani
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Metspalu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002881:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12 / Q000235:genetics*; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D054642:Dual Specificity Phosphatase 6 / Q000235:genetics*; D004957:Estonia; D005260:Female; D005799:Genes, Dominant; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008313:Malocclusion, Angle Class III / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D020125:Mutation, Missense; D010375:Pedigree; D010641:Phenotype; D010649:Phenylalanine / Q000235:genetics; D012694:Serine / Q000235:genetics; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D012694:Serine; D010649:Phenylalanine; C517035:DUSP6 protein, human; D054642:Dual Specificity Phosphatase 6
keywords: craniosynostosis; dual specificity phosphatase 6; exome sequencing; genetic pleiotropy; maxillary deficiency; penetrance