title: ACE2 alterations in kidney disease.
abstract: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a monocarboxypeptidase that degrades angiotensin (Ang) II to Ang-(1-7). ACE2 is highly expressed within the kidneys, it is largely localized in tubular epithelial cells and less prominently in glomerular epithelial cells and in the renal vasculature. ACE2 activity has been shown to be altered in diabetic kidney disease, hypertensive renal disease and in different models of kidney injury. There is often a dissociation between tubular and glomerular ACE2 expression, particularly in diabetic kidney disease where ACE2 expression is increased at the tubular level but decreased at the glomerular level. In this review, we will discuss alterations in circulating and renal ACE2 recently described in different renal pathologies and disease models as well as their possible significance.
authors: Department of Nephrology, Hospital del Mar-Fundació IMIM, Barcelona, Spain.
authors: María José
authors: MJ
authors: Soler
authors: Jan
authors: J
authors: Wysocki
authors: Daniel
authors: D
authors: Batlle
mesh_terms: D000085962:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2; D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D007678:Kidney Glomerulus / Q000201:enzymology; D007684:Kidney Tubules / Q000201:enzymology; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000378:metabolism*; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A; C000705307:ACE2 protein, human; D000085962:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2
keywords: ACE2; kidney disease; renin–angiotensin system
references: Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2012 Jun 1;302(11):F1374-84
references: 22378820
references: Diabetes. 2008 Apr;57(4):1018-25
references: 18235039
references: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2013 Sep 1;305(5):H699-705
references: 23812385
references: Nephrology (Carlton). 2011 Aug;16(6):567-72
references: 21457402
references: BMC Nephrol. 2011 Oct 05;12:53
references: 21970625
references: Nephron Exp Nephrol. 2008;110(1):e8-e16
references: 18679036
references: Hypertension. 2006 Nov;48(5):914-20
references: 17000927
references: Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2008 May;17(3):250-7
references: 18408475
references: Hypertension. 2004 May;43(5):1120-5
references: 15078862
references: Am J Med. 2003 Sep;115(4):291-7
references: 12967694
references: Hypertension. 2010 Jan;55(1):90-8
references: 19948988
references: Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2010 Jun;298(6):F1523-32
references: 20357030
references: PLoS One. 2012;7(5):e37649
references: 22629438
references: Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2009 Sep;297(3):F781-90
references: 19535569
references: Eur J Endocrinol. 2013 Jan 17;168(2):203-10
references: 23144053
references: J Biol Chem. 2005 Aug 26;280(34):30113-9
references: 15983030
references: Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2013 Sep;28(9):2200-2
references: 23787547
references: Life Sci. 2006 Apr 4;78(19):2166-71
references: 16303146
references: Diabetologia. 2008 Jun;51(6):1062-7
references: 18389211
references: J Am Soc Nephrol. 2006 Nov;17(11):3067-75
references: 17021266
references: Exp Physiol. 2008 May;93(5):685-93
references: 18223027
references: Diabetes. 2010 Feb;59(2):529-38
references: 19934006
references: N Engl J Med. 2004 Sep 23;351(13):1296-305
references: 15385656
references: Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2012 Aug 1;303(3):F412-9
references: 22592638
references: PLoS One. 2009;4(4):e5406
references: 19404405
references: Kidney Int. 2000 Dec;58(6):2320-30
references: 11115066
references: Exp Physiol. 2012 Apr;97(4):477-85
references: 22198016
references: Nat Med. 2005 Aug;11(8):867-74
references: 16041383
references: Lab Invest. 2012 May;92(5):650-61
references: 22330342
references: Kidney Int. 2007 Sep;72(5):614-23
references: 17579661
references: Transl Res. 2008 Apr;151(4):208-16
references: 18355768
references: Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2007 Jan;292(1):R373-81
references: 16946085
references: Endocrinology. 2007 May;148(5):2453-7
references: 17303661
references: Clin Sci (Lond). 2010 Jul 23;119(9):385-94
references: 20528771
references: Diabetes. 2006 Jul;55(7):2132-9
references: 16804085
references: Nature. 2002 Jun 20;417(6891):822-8
references: 12075344
references: Kidney Int. 2009 Jun;75(11):1184-1193
references: 19262461
references: Hypertension. 2003 Mar;41(3):392-7
references: 12623933
references: Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2012 May;27(5):1793-800
references: 22036945
references: J Pathol. 2004 Jun;203(2):631-7
references: 15141377
references: Circ Res. 2000 Sep 1;87(5):E1-9
references: 10969042
references: Hypertension. 2004 Dec;44(6):907-12
references: 15477383
references: Nature. 2005 Jul 7;436(7047):112-6
references: 16001071
references: Compr Physiol. 2012 Oct;2(4):2733-52
references: 23720263
references: Kidney Int. 2008 Dec;74(12):1610-6
references: 19034303
references: Exp Physiol. 2013 Jan;98(1):109-22
references: 22750422
references: Nephron Clin Pract. 2012;121(3-4):c144-50
references: 23257682
references: Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2007 Feb;22(2):597-601
references: 17095582
references: Gut. 2005 Dec;54(12):1790-6
references: 16166274
references: Kidney Int. 2012 Aug;82(3):292-303
references: 22475818
references: PLoS One. 2013 Apr 30;8(4):e62833
references: 23646149
references: Mol Med. 2011 Jan-Feb;17(1-2):59-69
references: 20844835
references: Am J Pathol. 2008 May;172(5):1174-83
references: 18403595
references: Nephron Clin Pract. 2011;117(1):c57-66
references: 20689326
references: Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2007 Jul;293(1):F245-54
references: 17409278
references: Am J Kidney Dis. 2008 Apr;51(4):613-23
references: 18371537
references: PLoS One. 2013 Apr 22;8(4):e61695
references: 23630610
references: Clin Exp Nephrol. 2011 Feb;15(1):41-9
references: 21072674
references: Kidney Int. 2006 Jul;70(1):34-41
references: 16710353
references: J Hypertens. 2012 Feb;30(2):375-83
references: 22179088
references: J Biol Chem. 2000 Oct 27;275(43):33238-43
references: 10924499
references: Placenta. 2006 Feb-Mar;27(2-3):200-7
references: 16338465
references: Am J Pathol. 2007 Aug;171(2):438-51
references: 17600118
references: Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2009 Jul;297(1):L84-96
references: 19411314
references: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2006 Nov;291(5):H2166-72
references: 16766648
references: J Clin Invest. 2006 Aug;116(8):2218-25
references: 16878172
references: J Card Fail. 2009 Sep;15(7):565-71
references: 19700132
references: Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2011 Mar;300(3):F749-55
references: 21209009
references: Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2013 Sep;28(9):2287-94
references: 23535224
references: Clin Sci (Lond). 2010 Feb;118(4):269-79
references: 19698082
references: Kidney Int. 2012 Mar;81(6):520-8
references: 22113528
references: J Pathol. 2004 Dec;204(5):587-93
references: 15538735
references: Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2013 Aug 15;305(4):F600-11
references: 23761674
references: Circulation. 1998 Dec 8;98(23):2621-8
references: 9843472
references: Hypertension. 2012 Sep;60(3):730-40
references: 22777933
references: Peptides. 2012 Jul;36(1):60-70
references: 22580272