title: Mother to offspring transmission of chronic wasting disease in reeves' muntjac deer.
abstract: The horizontal transmission of prion diseases has been well characterized in bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), chronic wasting disease (CWD) of deer and elk and scrapie of sheep, and has been regarded as the primary mode of transmission. Few studies have monitored the possibility of vertical transmission occurring within an infected mother during pregnancy. To study the potential for and pathway of vertical transmission of CWD in the native cervid species, we used a small cervid model-the polyestrous breeding, indoor maintainable, Reeves' muntjac deer-and determined that the susceptibility and pathogenesis of CWD in these deer reproduce that in native mule and white-tailed deer. Moreover, we demonstrate here that CWD prions are transmitted from doe to fawn. Maternal CWD infection also appears to result in lower percentage of live birth offspring. In addition, evolving evidence from protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA) assays on fetal tissues suggest that covert prion infection occurs in utero. Overall, our findings demonstrate that transmission of prions from mother to offspring can occur, and may be underestimated for all prion diseases.
authors: Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America.
authors: Amy V
authors: AV
authors: Nalls
authors: Erin
authors: E
authors: McNulty
authors: Jenny
authors: J
authors: Powers
authors: Davis M
authors: DM
authors: Seelig
authors: Clare
authors: C
authors: Hoover
authors: Nicholas J
authors: NJ
authors: Haley
authors: Jeanette
authors: J
authors: Hayes-Klug
authors: Kelly
authors: K
authors: Anderson
authors: Paula
authors: P
authors: Stewart
authors: Wilfred
authors: W
authors: Goldmann
authors: Edward A
authors: EA
authors: Hoover
authors: Candace K
authors: CK
authors: Mathiason
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D008431:Maternal-Fetal Exchange; D009035:Mothers; D018668:Muntjacs / Q000235:genetics; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011247:Pregnancy; D011328:Prions / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D034081:Wasting Disease, Chronic / Q000235:genetics / Q000635:transmission*
chemical_list: D011328:Prions
references: J Wildl Dis. 1998 Jul;34(3):532-8
references: 9706562
references: PLoS One. 2009 Jun 16;4(6):e5916
references: 19529769
references: Rev Sci Tech. 1992 Jun;11(2):551-67
references: 1617203
references: J Virol. 2005 Jul;79(13):8665-8
references: 15956610
references: Science. 2006 Oct 6;314(5796):133-6
references: 17023660
references: J Virol. 2010 May;84(10):5097-107
references: 20219916
references: PLoS One. 2008;3(12):e4019
references: 19107193
references: Mol Cell Proteomics. 2007 Aug;6(8):1406-15
references: 17495049
references: Microsc Res Tech. 1997 Jul 1-15;38(1-2):88-99
references: 9260840
references: J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1990 May 15;196(10):1678-9
references: 2347766
references: J Virol. 2001 Nov;75(21):10106-12
references: 11581378
references: BMJ. 2009 May 21;338:b1442
references: 19460798
references: Nat Med. 2005 Sep;11(9):982-5
references: 16127436
references: J Gen Virol. 2006 Apr;87(Pt 4):1035-1041
references: 16528055
references: Histopathology. 2000 Jul;37(1):1-9
references: 10931212
references: J Gen Virol. 2007 Apr;88(Pt 4):1379-1383
references: 17374785
references: Arch Virol. 2006 Apr;151(4):735-51
references: 16307175
references: Nature. 2003 Sep 4;425(6953):35-6
references: 12955129
references: BMC Vet Res. 2008 Apr 08;4:14
references: 18397513
references: Lancet. 2004 Aug 7-13;364(9433):527-9
references: 15302196
references: Am J Physiol. 1998 Apr;274(4):R879-93
references: 9575948
references: Neurodegener Dis. 2006;3(3):123-8
references: 16954698
references: J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2011 Jul;82(7):729-31
references: 19401289
references: Science. 2006 Jul 7;313(5783):92-4
references: 16825570
references: J Comp Pathol. 1968 Jan;78(1):9-17
references: 4967999
references: J Virol. 2013 Feb;87(3):1890-2
references: 23175370
references: J Infect Dis. 1982 Nov;146(5):657-64
references: 6813384
references: J Biol Chem. 2001 May 25;276(21):18229-34
references: 11274195
references: Nature. 2009 Sep 24;461(7263):529-32
references: 19741608
references: J Virol. 2009 Dec;83(23):12552-8
references: 19740979
references: Prion. 2008 Oct-Dec;2(4):162-9
references: 19242120
references: J Gen Virol. 2002 Nov;83(Pt 11):2897-2905
references: 12388826
references: Lancet. 2006 Dec 9;368(9552):2061-7
references: 17161728
references: J Reprod Fertil Suppl. 1982 Nov;31:31-9
references: 6762432
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Mar 27;98(7):4142-7
references: 11259641
references: Curr Mol Med. 2004 Jun;4(4):375-84
references: 15354868
references: Euro Surveill. 2007 Jan 18;12(1):E070118.4
references: 17370938
references: Folia Neuropathol. 2005;43(4):271-8
references: 16416391
references: FEBS Lett. 2005 Jan 31;579(3):638-42
references: 15670821
references: Lancet. 2000 Sep 16;356(9234):999-1000
references: 11041403
references: J Vet Diagn Invest. 2004 Nov;16(6):489-96
references: 15586562
references: J Gen Virol. 2002 Oct;83(Pt 10):2607-2616
references: 12237445
references: PLoS One. 2011;6(8):e23169
references: 21858015
references: PLoS One. 2011;6(12):e27525
references: 22194786
references: PLoS One. 2009 Sep 07;4(9):e6929
references: 19738899
references: Emerg Infect Dis. 2004 Jun;10(6):1003-6
references: 15207049
references: Placenta. 1992 Mar-Apr;13(2):101-13
references: 1631024
references: Bull Acad Natl Med. 1996 Feb;180(2):291-9; discussion 300-3
references: 8705376
references: BMC Vet Res. 2006 Jun 13;2:20
references: 16772026
references: Medicine (Baltimore). 1973 Jul;52(4):357-61
references: 4578994
references: J Infect Dis. 1998 Oct;178(4):949-53
references: 9806020
references: J Infect Dis. 2008 Jul 1;198(1):81-9
references: 18505383
references: J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2009;72(17-18):1018-24
references: 19697235
references: Lancet. 2004 Feb 7;363(9407):417-21
references: 14962520
references: J Comp Pathol. 1974 Jan;84(1):19-25
references: 4212154
references: AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2005 Nov;185(5):1322-7
references: 16247157
references: J Virol. 2004 Dec;78(23):13345-50
references: 15542685
references: Microbiol Immunol. 1993;37(4):311-6
references: 8350771
references: J Virol. 2013 Feb;87(4):1947-56
references: 23236066
references: J Pathol. 2004 Jul;203(3):733-9
references: 15221931
references: PLoS One. 2009 Nov 24;4(11):e7990
references: 19956732
references: J R Soc Interface. 2005 Mar 22;2(2):19-31
references: 16849160
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Apr 30;99(9):6310-5
references: 11959902
references: J Gen Virol. 2007 Mar;88(Pt 3):1056-1061
references: 17325381
references: Q J Exp Physiol. 1984 Jul;69(3):487-95
references: 6473692
references: Nat Med. 2005 Nov;11(11):1137-8
references: 16270061
references: PLoS One. 2008 Aug 20;3(8):e3017
references: 18714385
references: Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd. 2009 Sep;151(9):433-6
references: 19722131
references: Vet Rec. 1965 Nov 20;77(47):1388-90
references: 4954629
references: J Wildl Dis. 2012 Apr;48(2):361-70
references: 22493111
references: Cell Tissue Res. 1981;214(3):501-18
references: 7214463
references: N Engl J Med. 1992 Aug 27;327(9):649
references: 1640969
references: Blood. 2006 Jul 15;108(2):745-8
references: 16569766
references: J Virol. 2012 Nov;86(21):11856-62
references: 22915816