title: The microcirculation image quality score: development and preliminary evaluation of a proposed approach to grading quality of image acquisition for bedside videomicroscopy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Side-stream dark-field microscopy is currently used to directly visualize sublingual microcirculation at the bedside. Our experience has found inherent technical challenges in the image acquisition process. This article presents and assesses a quality assurance method to rate image acquisition quality before analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We identified 6 common image capture and analysis problem areas in sublingual side-stream dark-field videos: illumination, duration, focus, content, stability, and pressure. We created the "Microcirculation Image Quality Score" by assigning a score of optimal (0 points), suboptimal but acceptable (1 point), or unacceptable (10 points) to each category (for further details, go to http://www.MicroscanAnalysis.blogspot.com). We evaluated 59 videos from a convenience sample of 34 unselected, noncritically ill emergency department patients to create a test set. Two raters, blinded to each other, implemented the score. Any video with a cumulative score of 10 or higher (range, 0-60) was considered unacceptable for further analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We created the Microcirculation Image Quality Score and applied it to 59 videos. For this particular set of 59 videos, the mean (SD) passing quality score was 1.68 (0.90), and the mean (SD) failing quality score was 15.74 (6.19), with 27 of 59 passing the quality score less than 10. Highest failure occurred from pressure artifact. The interrater agreement for acceptability was assessed using Cohen κ for each category: illumination (κ = 1.0), duration (κ = 1.0), focus (κ = 0.91), content (κ = 0.76), stability (κ = 0.71), and pressure (κ = 0.82) and overall pass-fail rates (score >10) (κ = 0.66).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our Microcirculation Image Quality Score addresses many of the common areas where video quality can degrade. The criteria introduced are an objective way to assess the quality of image acquisition, with the goal of selecting videos of adequate quality for analysis. The interrater reliability results in our preliminary study suggest that the Microcirculation Image Quality Score is reasonably repeatable between reviewers. Further assessment is warranted.
authors: Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA.
authors: Michael J
authors: MJ
authors: Massey
authors: Ethan
authors: E
authors: Larochelle
authors: Gabriel
authors: G
authors: Najarro
authors: Adarsh
authors: A
authors: Karmacharla
authors: Ryan
authors: R
authors: Arnold
authors: Stephen
authors: S
authors: Trzeciak
authors: Derek C
authors: DC
authors: Angus
authors: Nathan I
authors: NI
authors: Shapiro
mesh_terms: D016477:Artifacts; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000502:physiology*; D018715:Microscopy, Video / Q000592:standards*; D009060:Mouth Floor / Q000098:blood supply*; D015588:Observer Variation; D019095:Point-of-Care Systems; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
keywords: Image acquisition; Microcirculation video