title: Diabetes-related impairment in bone strength is established early in the life course.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate properties of bone quantity/quality using young non-obese Type 1 (T1D)-diabetic (NOD) prone and syngenic non-diabetic (NOD.scid) mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Quantitative bone assessment of tibia was conducted using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for the evaluation of body mass, bone mineral content, body fat mass and lean mass. Qualitative assessment was accomplished by three-point breakage for assessment of force to failure and micro-computed tomography for evaluation of trabecular and cortical properties of bone. In addition, fasting blood was evaluated prior to sacrifice at week eleven and fifteen to evaluate and compare glucose homeostasis between the strains of mice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our findings support a perturbation in the relationship between bone quantity, quality, and subsequently, the association between structure and strength. There were no differences in DXA-assessed body composition (body fat, % fat mass and lean mass) and bone composition (bone mineral content and bone mineral density) between strains. However, relative to NOD.scid, NOD mice had lower trabecular bone volume, relative trabecular bone volume, trabecular number and trabecular total material density (P < 0.05). Conversely, NOD mice had greater cortical total mean volume (P < 0.05). General linear models analysis adjusted for body weight revealed a significant contribution of T1D to bone health as early as 5 wk.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is well-established that diabetes is a significant risk factor for increased fractures, although the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Investigation of bone parameters encompassing strength and structure early in the life course will facilitate the elucidation of the pathogenesis of impaired bone integrity.
authors: Krista Casazza, Lynae J Hanks, Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-3360, United States.
authors: Krista
authors: K
authors: Casazza
authors: Lynae J
authors: LJ
authors: Hanks
authors: Gregory A
authors: GA
authors: Clines
authors: Hubert M
authors: HM
authors: Tse
authors: Alan W
authors: AW
authors: Eberhardt
keywords: Bone strength; Development and growth; Diabetes; Non-obese diabetic; Skeletal integrity
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