title: Racial/ethnic differences in trust in health care: HIV conspiracy beliefs and vaccine research participation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prior research has documented a high prevalence of conspiracy beliefs about the origin of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the role of the government in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic, particularly among racial and ethnic minorities in the United States. Whether such beliefs are a barrier to participation in HIV prevention research is not known.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To understand the prevalence of HIV conspiracy beliefs and their relationship to willingness to participate in HIV vaccine research among three racial/ethnic groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six hundred and one community-recruited volunteers (33.0 % White, 32.5 % Mexican American, and 34.5 % African American).
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated the level of agreement with six previously described HIV conspiracy beliefs, trust in medical research, and willingness to participate in HIV vaccine research. Multivariate models were used to compare these parameters among the three racial/ethnic groups while controlling for the potential confounding effects of socioeconomic status, access to health care, and other demographic factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  African Americans, Mexican Americans, and whites had similar levels of distrust in medical research. African and Mexican Americans were more likely to endorse one or more of six HIV conspiracy beliefs than whites (59.0 % and 58.6 % versus 38.9 %, respectively, P < 0.001), but were significantly more willing to participate in HIV vaccine research (ORs 1.58, CI 1.10-2.25 and 2.53, CI 1.75-3.66, respectively). Among respondents of all racial/ethnic groups, endorsing HIV conspiracy beliefs was not associated with willingness to participate in research.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HIV conspiracy beliefs, while common among all racial and ethnic groups in the United States, do not preclude willingness to participate in HIV prevention research.
authors: Departments of Medicine & Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1685 Highland Ave, MFCB 5220, Madison, WI, 53705, USA, rpw@medicine.wisc.edu.
authors: Ryan P
authors: RP
authors: Westergaard
authors: Mary Catherine
authors: MC
authors: Beach
authors: Somnath
authors: S
authors: Saha
authors: Elizabeth A
authors: EA
authors: Jacobs
mesh_terms: D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D035843:Biomedical Research; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology* / Q000635:transmission; D015438:Health Behavior / Q000208:ethnology; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice / Q000208:ethnology*; D006801:Humans; D007087:Illinois; D008297:Male; D017058:Mexican Americans / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D010358:Patient Participation / Q000523:psychology*; D011594:Psychometrics; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D035502:Trust / Q000523:psychology*; D044465:White People / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D016915:AIDS Vaccines
references: N Engl J Med. 2010 Dec 30;363(27):2587-99
references: 21091279
references: AIDS. 2012 Jun 1;26(9):1131-9
references: 22382143
references: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2006 Feb 1;41(2):210-7
references: 16394854
references: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2006 Feb 10;55(5):121-5
references: 16467777
references: N Engl J Med. 2011 Aug 11;365(6):493-505
references: 21767103
references: J Natl Med Assoc. 1997 Nov;89(11):721-7
references: 9375475
references: N Engl J Med. 2012 Aug 2;367(5):399-410
references: 22784037
references: Am J Public Health. 1997 Nov;87(11):1773-8
references: 9366634
references: AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2010 May;24(5):287-95
references: 20438378
references: J Gen Intern Med. 1997 Mar;12(3):150-7
references: 9100139
references: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2006 May;42(1):101-7
references: 16763498
references: JAMA. 2012 Jul 25;308(4):339-42
references: 22820781
references: AIDS Educ Prev. 1994 Aug;6(4):365-75
references: 7986656
references: AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2008 Sep;22(9):753-9
references: 18754706
references: Lancet. 2012 Jul 28;380(9839):341-8
references: 22819656
references: Med Care. 2006 Nov;44(11):1048-53
references: 17063137
references: N Engl J Med. 2002 May 2;346(18):1373-82
references: 11986412
references: J Natl Med Assoc. 1996 Oct;88(10):630-4
references: 8918067
references: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2006 Mar;41(3):342-4
references: 16540935
references: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2010 Apr;53(5):648-55
references: 19952767
references: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2000 Jul 1;24(3):275-84
references: 10969353
references: J Natl Med Assoc. 2006 Jul;98(7):1144-50
references: 16895286
references: AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2009 Oct;23(10):859-65
references: 19799493
references: PLoS One. 2011;6(8):e17502
references: 21826193
references: AIDS Behav. 2011 Aug;15(6):1180-6
references: 20734227
references: Lancet. 2007 Feb 24;369(9562):657-66
references: 17321311
references: Prev Med. 1999 May;28(5):451-7
references: 10329334
references: Medicine (Baltimore). 2008 Jan;87(1):1-9
references: 18204365
references: N Engl J Med. 2011 Sep 8;365(10):873-5
references: 21899447
references: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2009 Jan 1;50(1):100-8
references: 19295340
references: J Natl Med Assoc. 1998 Mar;90(3):141-5
references: 9549977
references: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2012 Jul 1;60(3):249-59
references: 22531758
references: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2005 Feb 1;38(2):213-8
references: 15671808
references: PLoS Med. 2006 Feb;3(2):e19
references: 16318411
references: Am J Public Health. 2012 Aug;102(8):1527-34
references: 22698035
references: J Am Med Womens Assoc (1972). 1997 Fall;52(4):195-6
references: 9354052
references: AIDS. 2012 Mar 13;26(5):609-15
references: 22210632
references: Am J Public Health. 2007 Jun;97(6):1060-6
references: 17463370
references: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2007 Mar 9;56(9):189-93
references: 17347642
references: Ann Epidemiol. 2002 May;12(4):248-56
references: 11988413
references: Science. 2010 Sep 3;329(5996):1168-74
references: 20643915
references: J Gen Intern Med. 2007 Jan;22(1):17-42
references: 17351837
references: HIV Clin Trials. 2009 Mar-Apr;10(2):104-9
references: 19487180
references: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2004 Nov 1;37(3):1393-403
references: 15483469