title: Process of aerenchyma formation and reactive oxygen species induced by waterlogging in wheat seminal roots.
abstract: The development and regulation of aerenchyma in waterlogged conditions were studied in the seminal roots of wheat. Evans blue staining and the first cell death position indicated that the cortical cell death began at the root mid-cortex cells in flooding conditions. Continuous waterlogging treatment caused the spread of cell death from the mid-cortex to the neighboring cells and well-developed aerenchyma was formed after 72 h. Meanwhile, the formation of radial oxygen loss barrier was observed in the exodermis owing to the induction of Casparian bands and lignin deposition. Analysis of aerenchyma along the wheat root revealed that aerenchyma formed at 10 mm from the root tip, significantly increased toward the center of the roots, and decreased toward the basal region of the root. In situ detection of radial oxygen species (ROS) showed that ROS accumulation started in the mid-cortex cells, where cell death began indicating that cell death was probably accompanied by ROS production. Further waterlogging treatments resulted in the accumulation of ROS in the cortical cells, which were the zone for aerenchyma development. Accumulation and distribution of H₂O₂ at the subcellular level were revealed by ultracytochemical localization, which further verified the involvement of ROS in the cortical cell death process (i.e., aerenchyma formation). Furthermore, gene expression analysis indicated that ROS production might be the result of up-regulation of genes encoding for ROS-producing enzymes and the down-regulation of genes encoding for ROS-detoxifying enzymes. These results suggest that aerenchyma development in wheat roots starts in the mid-cortex cells and its formation is regulated by ROS.
authors: Laboratory of Cell Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China, skyyks123@126.com.
authors: Q T
authors: QT
authors: Xu
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Yang
authors: Z Q
authors: ZQ
authors: Zhou
authors: F Z
authors: FZ
authors: Mei
authors: L H
authors: LH
authors: Qu
authors: G S
authors: GS
authors: Zhou
mesh_terms: D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects; D017343:Genes, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D018519:Meristem / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D036226:Seedlings / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D014908:Triticum / Q000166:cytology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D014867:Water / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014867:Water
references: Biochimie. 2002 Feb-Mar;84(2-3):131-41
references: 12022944
references: Ann Bot. 2011 Jun;107(8):1335-43
references: 21489969
references: Nature. 1995 Nov 2;378(6552):62-5
references: 7477287
references: J Exp Bot. 2001 Aug;52(361):1721-30
references: 11479338
references: Trends Plant Sci. 2003 Jun;8(6):263-71
references: 12818660
references: J Exp Bot. 2000 Jan;51(342):89-97
references: 10938799
references: Plant Physiol. 2002 Dec;130(4):1918-26
references: 12481074
references: J Cell Biol. 2005 Jan 3;168(1):17-20
references: 15631987
references: Planta. 2002 Feb;214(4):537-45
references: 11925037
references: Ann Bot. 2006 May;97(5):695-704
references: 16481362
references: Biotech Histochem. 1992 Jul;67(4):185-95
references: 1504180
references: Plant Cell. 2002 Sep;14(9):2059-69
references: 12215505
references: J Biol Chem. 1997 Aug 15;272(33):20313-6
references: 9252331
references: Ann Bot. 2003 Jan;91 Spec No:301-9
references: 12509350
references: Planta. 2003 Jul;217(3):382-91
references: 12728316
references: Plant Physiol. 1995 Jun;108(2):503-516
references: 12228488
references: Plant Cell Environ. 2012 Sep;35(9):1618-30
references: 22471697
references: Planta. 2001 Jan;212(2):205-14
references: 11216841
references: Plant Cell. 2000 Oct;12(10):1849-62
references: 11041881
references: Plant Cell. 2009 Jan;21(1):184-96
references: 19141708
references: Plant Physiol. 2005 Jul;138(3):1516-26
references: 15980200
references: Plant J. 2006 Dec;48(5):784-95
references: 17092315
references: New Phytol. 2011 Apr;190(2):369-78
references: 21039565
references: Cell. 1994 Nov 18;79(4):583-93
references: 7954825
references: Plant Physiol. 2004 Jul;135(3):1447-56
references: 15220467
references: Plant Physiol. 2000 Oct;124(2):609-14
references: 11027711
references: Plant Signal Behav. 2011 May;6(5):759-61
references: 21502817
references: Annu Rev Plant Biol. 2004;55:373-99
references: 15377225
references: Plant Physiol. 2005 Oct;139(2):713-21
references: 16169967
references: J Biol Chem. 1997 Aug 8;272(32):19633-6
references: 9289489
references: Plant J. 2005 Jan;41(1):68-80
references: 15610350
references: J Exp Bot. 2009;60(7):2155-67
references: 19443620
references: Nat Rev Immunol. 2004 Mar;4(3):181-9
references: 15039755
references: J Biol Chem. 2002 Jan 4;277(1):559-65
references: 11687590
references: Plant Mol Biol. 2000 Oct;44(3):335-44
references: 11199392
references: Protoplasma. 2007;230(1-2):89-97
references: 17351735
references: Trends Plant Sci. 2000 Mar;5(3):123-7
references: 10707078
references: Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol. 1997 Jun;48:251-275
references: 15012264