title: Value of microbiology study in congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Evaluation of the effect of different microorganisms on congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO) tightness and whether probing or silastic intubation is likely to fail in a particular microorganism infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  The culture and sensitivity results of lacrimal drainage system (LDS) discharge samples from patients with CNLDO were reviewed. Different microorganisms were correlated with the severity of nasolacrimal duct (NLD) obstruction observed during surgical intervention. The success rates of probing and silastic intubation as a primary procedure for each identifiable microorganism were documented. Statistical analysis was conducted to correlate the type of microorganism with the tightness of CNLDO and treatment failure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of 181 specimens, 22 had no growth (12.1%). LDS with positive culture had 76.6% successful probing (n = 49) and 82.1% successful silastic intubation (n = 78). Gram-positive and Gram-negative species were almost equally detected. The most prevalent organisms were Streptococcus pneumoniae and Hemophilus influenzae (48.1% and 39.2%, respectively). Tight CNLDO was more prevalent in Serratia marcescens (n = 2; 100%) and Staphylococcus aureus (n = 4; 33.3%) infections with a 7.75 Odds ratio [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.67-34.63]. Staphylococcus aureus had 37.5% successful probing; however, success was achieved in all cases with silastic intubation. Serratia marcescens infections had 100% successful silastic intubation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Microbiology study can predict tight CNLDO and helps in choosing the most successful treatment option. CNLDO with Staphylococcus infection and Serratia marcescens were likely to have tight NLD obstruction and silastic intubation had better outcomes.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors: Yasser H
authors: YH
authors: Al-Faky
authors: Tahir
authors: T
authors: Naeem
authors: Nora
authors: N
authors: Al-Sobaie
authors: Reem
authors: R
authors: Al-Huthail
authors: Hessa
authors: H
authors: Al-Odan
authors: Essam A
authors: EA
authors: Osman
authors: Ahmad
authors: A
authors: Mousa
keywords: Congenital; Microbiology; Nasolacrimal duct; Obstruction
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