title: Safe and effective use of conscious sedation for defibrillation threshold testing during ICD implantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Over a period of years general anesthesia has been a standard anesthetic technique for defibrillation threshold (DFT) testing at the time of implant. DFT testing without general anesthesia cover has gained limited acceptance. Use of local anesthesia combined with deep sedation for DFT testing might facilitate and simplify these procedures by reducing the procedural time, staff time, avoiding inefficient service in organizing anesthetic cover; thereby improving patient compliance.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to evaluate feasibility, safety and efficacy of conscious sedation for DFT testing during Implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD) implantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data of 87 non-selected patients who achieved adequate sedation with titrated doses of midazolam and pethidine were analyzed retrospectively. These medications were administered by a circulating nurse under the supervision of the implanting physicians. All hemodynamic measures, treatment and complications were monitored and recorded throughout the procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A retrospective analysis of data from 87 patients who underwent ICD implantation and DFT testing under conscious sedation at our center was reported. The mean dose of midazolam and pethidine administered was 4.9 ± 1.8 and 47.7 ± 20 mg, respectively. During the period of conscious sedation, no patient depicted episode of sustained apnea. No major complication or mortality was reported.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of conscious sedation as an alternative to the use of general anesthesia for DFT testing during ICD implantation is found to be feasible, safe and effective, with an added advantage of reduced procedural time and improved patient compliance.
authors: Cardiology Department, Prince Sultan Cardiac Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors: Ahmed
authors: A
authors: Al Fagih
authors: Hitham
authors: H
authors: Al Shurafa
authors: Saleh
authors: S
authors: Al Ghamdi
authors: Khaled
authors: K
authors: Dagriri
authors: Ayman
authors: A
authors: Al Khadra
keywords: Conscious sedation; Defibrillation threshold testing; Implantable cardioverter defibrillators
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