title: Reference values of osteocalcin and procollagen type I N-propeptide plasma levels in a healthy Central European population aged 0-18 years.
abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the relationships between both a marker of bone formation and a marker of bone turnover and age, sex, and pubertal stage in a group (n = 439) of healthy children and adolescents. These reference data should be instrumental in interpretation of results.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The skeletal system has high metabolic activity. In children, bone markers may be useful in diagnostics and treatment management of skeletal diseases but there could be difficulties with interpretation of results. Compared with adults, children have elevated bone marker levels due to high skeletal growth velocity and rapid bone turnover. Thus, valid age- and sex-specific reference data should be obtained for each pediatric population living in a particular climate and with a similar lifestyle. The aim of this study was to assess the relationships between both a marker of bone formation (procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide [PINP]) and a marker of bone turnover (osteocalcin [OC]) and age, sex, and pubertal stage in a group of healthy children and adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four hundred thirty-nine healthy Caucasian children participated. Their height, weight, and pubertal stage were recorded. Fasting PINP and OC were measured using a morning blood sample.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The highest levels of PINP were observed during the first year of life. There is no OC postnatal peak, but levels are higher than the adult reference interval throughout childhood. OC peaks with the pubertal growth spurt at second-third Tanner stage of breast development in girls and at second-third Tanner stage of genital development in boys. PINP peaks during second-third Tanner stage of breast development in girls and at third Tanner stage of genital development in boys.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides reference data for OC and PINP in healthy Caucasian children from a Central European population.
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolská 581, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic, bayerm@lfhk.cuni.cz.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Bayer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000375:Aging / Q000097:blood; D000886:Anthropometry; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000097:blood*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood*; D011347:Procollagen / Q000097:blood*; D011627:Puberty / Q000097:blood; D012016:Reference Values; D012727:Sex Characteristics
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011347:Procollagen; C047202:procollagen Type I N-terminal peptide; D015675:Osteocalcin
references: J Pediatr. 2011 Jan;158(1):100-5, 105.e1-2
references: 20797727
references: Clin Chem. 2004 Nov;50(11):2173-6
references: 15502092
references: Clin Chem. 2001 Sep;47(9):1721-2
references: 11514416
references: Arch Dis Child. 1969 Jun;44(235):291-303
references: 5785179
references: Bone. 2012 Oct;51(4):795-9
references: 22750015
references: Acta Paediatr. 2003 Jul;92(7):797-801
references: 12892157
references: An Pediatr (Barc). 2004 Apr;60(4):330-6
references: 15033110
references: Clin Chem. 1997 Mar;43(3):543-5
references: 9068603
references: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Feb;92(2):443-9
references: 17105843
references: Horm Res. 1997;48 Suppl 5:50-9
references: 9434045
references: J Bone Miner Res. 2003 Jul;18(7):1274-81
references: 12854838
references: J Bone Miner Res. 2011 Sep;26(9):2212-6
references: 21590731
references: Clin Biochem. 1997 Feb;30(1):35-40
references: 9056107
references: Calcif Tissue Int. 2006 Jul;79(1):15-21
references: 16868668
references: Nature. 1996 Aug 1;382(6590):448-52
references: 8684484
references: Acta Orthop Scand. 1995 Aug;66(4):376-86
references: 7676832
references: Clin Biochem. 2011 Jul;44(10-11):771-8
references: 21531216
references: J Bone Miner Res. 2000 Mar;15(3):594-8
references: 10750575
references: Bone. 2002 Jun;30(6):886-90
references: 12052458
references: Clin Chem Lab Med. 2004 Jan;42(1):90-5
references: 15061387
references: Acta Paediatr. 2009 May;98(5):892-6
references: 19243352
references: Clin Chem Lab Med. 2011 Aug;49(8):1271-4
references: 21605012
references: Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2002 Jul;57(1):107-16
references: 12100078
references: J Bone Miner Metab. 2005;23(6):476-82
references: 16261455
references: Osteoporos Int. 2000;11(4):281-94
references: 10928217
references: Arch Dis Child. 1970 Feb;45(239):13-23
references: 5440182
references: Clin Biochem. 2006 Jun;39(6):561-8
references: 16423337
references: Horm Res. 2002;57(5-6):170-9
references: 12053089
references: Pediatr Res. 1994 Apr;35(4 Pt 1):409-15
references: 8047377
references: Turk J Pediatr. 2000 Oct-Dec;42(4):281-5
references: 11196743
references: Acta Paediatr. 1998 Sep;87(9):930-2
references: 9764885