title: Predictors of serum chlorinated pesticide concentrations among prepubertal Russian boys.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Few studies have evaluated predictors of childhood exposure to organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), a class of lipophilic persistent chemicals.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our goal was to identify predictors of serum OCP concentrations-hexachlorobenzene (HCB), β-hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH), and p,p-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p´-DDE)-among boys in Chapaevsk, Russia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 2003 and 2005, 499 boys 8-9 years of age were recruited in a prospective cohort. The initial study visit included a physical examination; blood collection; health, lifestyle, and food-frequency questionnaires; and determination of residential distance from a local factory complex that produced HCB and β-HCH. Fasting serum samples were analyzed for OCPs at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. General linear regression models were used to identify predictors of the boys' serum HCB, β-HCH, and p,p´-DDE concentrations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 355 boys with OCP measurements, median serum HCB, β-HCH, and p,p´-DDE concentrations were 158, 167, and 284 ng/g lipid, respectively. Lower body mass index, longer breastfeeding duration, and local dairy consumption were associated with higher concentrations of OCPs. Boys who lived < 2 km from the factory complex had 64% (95% CI: 37, 96) and 57% (95% CI: 32, 87) higher mean HCB and β-HCH concentrations, respectively, than boys who lived ≥ 5 km away. Living > 3 years in Chapaevsk predicted higher β-HCH concentrations, and having parents who lacked a high school education predicted higher p,p´-DDE concentrations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among this cohort of prepubertal Russian boys, predictors of serum OCPs included consumption of local dairy products, longer local residence, and residential proximity to the local factory complex.
authors: Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology Program, Department of Environmental Health, and.
authors: Thuy
authors: T
authors: Lam
authors: Paige L
authors: PL
authors: Williams
authors: Jane S
authors: JS
authors: Burns
authors: Oleg
authors: O
authors: Sergeyev
authors: Susan A
authors: SA
authors: Korrick
authors: Mary M
authors: MM
authors: Lee
authors: Linda S
authors: LS
authors: Birnbaum
authors: Boris
authors: B
authors: Revich
authors: Larisa M
authors: LM
authors: Altshul
authors: Donald G
authors: DG
authors: Patterson
authors: Wayman E
authors: WE
authors: Turner
authors: Russ
authors: R
authors: Hauser
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001942:Breast Feeding / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene; D004032:Diet / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004522:Educational Status; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D005843:Geography; D006581:Hexachlorobenzene; D001556:Hexachlorocyclohexane; D006801:Humans; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000097:blood*; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008892:Milk / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010575:Pesticides / Q000097:blood*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012426:Russia / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D010575:Pesticides; D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene; D006581:Hexachlorobenzene; D001556:Hexachlorocyclohexane; C023888:beta-hexachlorocyclohexane
references: Environ Int. 2012 Jan;38(1):54-61
references: 21982033
references: Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1986 May;6(4):697-712
references: 2423406
references: Environ Health Perspect. 2009 Oct;117(10):1593-9
references: 20019911
references: Vopr Pitan. 1998;(3):8-13
references: 9752664
references: Environ Health Perspect. 1999 Jan;107(1):45-51
references: 9872716
references: Environ Int. 2009 Jan;35(1):27-32
references: 18653237
references: Environ Res. 2000 Nov;84(3):290-302
references: 11097803
references: J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2011 May-Jun;21(3):224-33
references: 20197795
references: Environ Sci Technol. 2009 Feb 15;43(4):1211-8
references: 19320182
references: Anal Chem. 2004 Apr 1;76(7):1921-7
references: 15053652
references: Pediatr Res. 2001 Sep;50(3):331-6
references: 11518819
references: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2005 Sep;14(9):2224-36
references: 16172236
references: Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Feb;112(2):257-65
references: 14754581
references: J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2003 Aug 25;794(1):137-48
references: 12888206
references: Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2003;16(1):7-20
references: 12705713
references: Environ Int. 2007 Feb;33(2):157-63
references: 17055057
references: Chemosphere. 2001 May-Jun;43(4-7):895-901
references: 11372882
references: Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 1989 Jul-Aug;18(4):495-500
references: 2505694
references: Environ Sci Technol. 2010 Jul 15;44(14):5633-40
references: 20578718
references: Sci Total Environ. 2005 Oct 15;349(1-3):1-44
references: 16005495
references: Chemosphere. 2006 Feb;62(7):1167-82
references: 16169054
references: IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum. 1991;53:179-249
references: 1842579
references: Chemosphere. 2006 Oct;65(3):410-8
references: 16530805
references: Environ Res. 1979 Dec;20(2):225-66
references: 121077
references: J Toxicol Environ Health. 1997 May;51(1):23-34
references: 9169059
references: Hum Reprod Update. 2001 May-Jun;7(3):248-64
references: 11392371
references: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1977 May;40(2):227-39
references: 877958
references: Am J Public Health. 1986 Feb;76(2):172-7
references: 3080910
references: Biomed Environ Sci. 2010 Jun;23(3):230-3
references: 20708503
references: J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol. 2002 Nov;12(6):409-17
references: 12415489
references: Environ Int. 2011 Oct;37(7):1226-35
references: 21683445
references: Environ Health. 2005 May 26;4(1):8
references: 15918907
references: Chemosphere. 2011 May;83(10):1374-82
references: 21458024
references: Environ Res. 2009 May;109(4):495-502
references: 19278675
references: Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Jul;114(7):1092-8
references: 16835064
references: Bull World Health Organ. 2007 Sep;85(9):660-7
references: 18026621
references: J Occup Environ Med. 2003 Aug;45(8):781-8
references: 12915779
references: Food Chem Toxicol. 2006 Sep;44(9):1597-606
references: 16730400
references: Sci Total Environ. 1999 Oct 1;239(1-3):151-63
references: 10636769