title: Tpl2 kinase impacts tumor growth and metastasis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: Due to the innate high metastatic ability of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), many patients with RCC experience local or systemic relapses after surgical resection. A deeper understanding of the molecular pathogenesis underlying advanced RCC is essential for novel innovative therapeutics. Tumor progression locus 2 (Tpl2), upregulated in various tumor types, has been reported to be associated with oncogenesis and metastatic progression via activation of the MAPK signaling pathway. Herein, the relevance of Tpl2 in tumor growth and metastasis of RCC is explored. Inspection of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) indicated that Tpl2 overexpression was significantly related to the presence of metastases and poor outcome in clear cell RCC (ccRCC), which is the most aggressive subtype of RCC. Moreover, expression of Tpl2 and CXCR4 showed a positive correlation in ccRCC patients. Depletion of Tpl2 by RNAi or activity by a Tpl2 kinase inhibitor in human ccRCC cells remarkably suppressed MAPK pathways and impaired in vitro cell proliferation, clonogenicity, anoikis resistance, migration, and invasion capabilities. Similarly, orthotopic xenograft growth and lung metastasis were significantly inhibited by Tpl2 silencing. Furthermore, Tpl2 knockdown reduced CXCL12-directed chemotaxis and chemoinvasion accompanied with impaired downstream signaling, indicating potential involvement of Tpl2 in CXCR4-mediated metastasis. Taken together, these data indicate that Tpl2 kinase is associated with and contributes to disease progression of ccRCC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tpl2 kinase activity has prognostic and therapeutic targeting potential in aggressive clear cell renal cell carcinoma.
authors: Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Irwon-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 135-710, South Korea. bc2.jung@samsung.com.
authors: Hye Won
authors: HW
authors: Lee
authors: Kyeung Min
authors: KM
authors: Joo
authors: Joung Eun
authors: JE
authors: Lim
authors: Hyun Jung
authors: HJ
authors: Cho
authors: Hee Jin
authors: HJ
authors: Cho
authors: Min Chul
authors: MC
authors: Park
authors: Ho Jun
authors: HJ
authors: Seol
authors: Seong Il
authors: SI
authors: Seo
authors: Jung-Il
authors: JI
authors: Lee
authors: Sunghoon
authors: S
authors: Kim
authors: Byong Chang
authors: BC
authors: Jeong
authors: Do-Hyun
authors: DH
authors: Nam
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology* / Q000556:secondary; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000235:genetics; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary; D020930:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D011379:Prognosis; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: C527276:CXCR4 protein, human; C514936:CXCR4 protein, mouse; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4; D020930:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases; C069937:MAP3K8 protein, human; C489843:Map3k8 protein, mouse