title: Gastric reacidification with betaine HCl in healthy volunteers with rabeprazole-induced hypochlorhydria.
abstract: Previous studies have demonstrated that increased gastric pH from the use of acid-reducing agents, such as proton-pump inhibitors or H2-receptor antagonists, can significantly impact the absorption of weakly basic drugs that exhibit pH-dependent solubility. Clinically practical strategies to mitigate this interaction have not been developed. This pilot study evaluated the extent and time course of gastric reacidification after a solid oral dosage form of anhydrous betaine HCl in healthy volunteers with pharmacologically induced hypochlorhydria. Six healthy volunteers with baseline normochlorhydria (fasting gastric pH < 4) were enrolled in this single period study. Hypochlorhydria was induced via 20 mg oral rabeprazole twice daily for four days. On the fifth day, an additional 20 mg dose of oral rabeprazole was given and gastric pH was monitored continuously using the Heidelberg pH capsule. After gastric pH > 4 was confirmed for 15 min, 1500 mg of betaine HCl was given orally with 90 mL of water and gastric pH was continuously monitored for 2 h. Betaine HCl significantly lowered gastric pH by 4.5 (± 0.5) units from 5.2 (± 0.5) to 0.6 (± 0.2) (P < 0.001) during the 30 min interval after administration. The onset of effect of betaine HCl was rapid, with a mean time to pH < 3 of 6.3 (± 4.3) min. The reacidification period was temporary with a gastric pH < 3 and < 4 lasting 73 (± 33) and 77 (± 30) min, respectively. Betaine HCl was well tolerated by all subjects. In healthy volunteers with pharmacologically induced hypochlorhydria, betaine HCl was effective at temporarily lowering gastric pH. The rapid onset and relatively short duration of gastric pH reduction gives betaine HCl the potential to aid the absorption of orally administered weakly basic drugs that exhibit pH-dependent solubility when administered under hypochlorhydric conditions.
authors: Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco , 533 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, California 94143-0912, United States.
authors: Marc R
authors: MR
authors: Yago
authors: Adam R
authors: AR
authors: Frymoyer
authors: Gillian S
authors: GS
authors: Smelick
authors: Lynda A
authors: LA
authors: Frassetto
authors: Nageshwar R
authors: NR
authors: Budha
authors: Mark J
authors: MJ
authors: Dresser
authors: Joseph A
authors: JA
authors: Ware
authors: Leslie Z
authors: LZ
authors: Benet
mesh_terms: D000126:Achlorhydria / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000328:Adult; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D001622:Betaine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects*; D064750:Rabeprazole / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D064750:Rabeprazole; D001622:Betaine
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