title: Environmental stimuli shape biofilm formation and the virulence of periodontal pathogens.
abstract: Periodontitis is a common inflammatory disease affecting the tooth-supporting structures. It is initiated by bacteria growing as a biofilm at the gingival margin, and communication of the biofilms differs in health and disease. The bacterial composition of periodontitis-associated biofilms has been well documented and is under continual investigation. However, the roles of several host response and inflammation driven environmental stimuli on biofilm formation is not well understood. This review article addresses the effects of environmental factors such as pH, temperature, cytokines, hormones, and oxidative stress on periodontal biofilm formation and bacterial virulence.
authors: Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland. marpol@utu.fi
authors: Marja T
authors: MT
authors: Pöllänen
authors: Annamari
authors: A
authors: Paino
authors: Riikka
authors: R
authors: Ihalin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018441:Biofilms; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology*; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology*; D006427:Hemin / Q000378:metabolism; D006728:Hormones / Q000502:physiology; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D006728:Hormones; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D006427:Hemin; D007501:Iron
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