title: Neuronavigation with the universal probe to access intracranial targets.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The universal probe is a tool devised to allow navigation-directed biopsies and drainage procedures to be performed in a simple manner using a single hardware and software.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the efficacy and safety of the universal probe.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We used the universal probe in a total of 17 patients for 10 biopsies and 8 drainage procedures. We were able to achieve our set objectives in all 18 procedures. We did not encounter any complications using this device.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The universal probe enabled a variety of navigation-based procedures to be carried out using only a single software and hardware.
authors: Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Waran
authors: Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Chandran
authors: Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Devaraj
authors: Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Ravindran
authors: Centre for Biomedical and Technology Integration (CBMTI), University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors: A K
authors: AK
authors: Rathinam
authors: Centre for Biomedical and Technology Integration (CBMTI), University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors: Y K
authors: YK
authors: Balakrishnan
authors: Centre for Biomedical and Technology Integration (CBMTI), University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors: T S
authors: TS
authors: Tung
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D004322:Drainage / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D038361:Neuronavigation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods