title: A meta-analysis of PTGS1 and PTGS2 polymorphisms and NSAID intake on the risk of developing cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several studies have investigated whether the polymorphisms in the prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 1 (PTGS1) and PTGS2 genes and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use are associated with cancer risk; however, those studies have produced mixed results. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the association between the PTGS1 and PTGS2 polymorphisms and the effect of NSAID use on the risk of developing cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a comprehensive search in PubMed through March 2012. The odds ratios (ORs) with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using the fixed-effect model or the random-effect model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The database search generated 13 studies that met the inclusion criteria. For PTGS1 rs3842787, NSAID users homozygous for the major allele (CC) had a significantly decreased cancer risk compared with non-NSAID users (OR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.59-0.89). For PTGS2 rs5275 and rs20417, there were no significant differences between the gene polymorphism and NSAID use on cancer risk among the 8 and 7 studies, respectively. However, in the stratified analysis by the type of cancer or ethnicity population, NSAID users homozygous for the major allele (TT) in rs5275 demonstrated significantly decreased cancer risk compared with non-NSAID users in cancer type not involving colorectal adenoma (OR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.59-0.83) and among the USA population (OR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.56-0.82). NSAID users homozygous for the major allele (GG) in rs20417 displayed a significantly decreased cancer risk than non-NSAID users among the US population (OR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.58-0.88). For the PTGS2 rs689466 and rs2745557 SNPs, there were no significant differences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This meta-analysis suggests that the associations between PTGS polymorphisms and NSAID use on cancer risk may differ with regard to the type of cancer and nationality.
authors: Department of Pharmaceutical Information Science, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
authors: Mai
authors: M
authors: Nagao
authors: Youichi
authors: Y
authors: Sato
authors: Aiko
authors: A
authors: Yamauchi
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D017594:Publication Bias; D012306:Risk
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496511:PTGS1 protein, human; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human
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