title: Enhanced bone formation during healing process of tooth sockets filled with demineralized human dentine matrix.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Orthodontic procedures are often limited by the presence of bone defects caused by trauma, periodontal diseases or surgeries, thus requiring the development of materials capable to compensate such deficiencies. Since bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are indicative of bone reconstitution, this study aimed to evaluate histological and immunohistochemically the temporal location of BMP-2 and BMP-4 in osteoblasts of rat alveolar wounds filled with demineralized human dentine matrix (DHDM), used as a graft material.
  
  
  METHODS
  After extraction of the upper second molars, the left side alveoli were filled with DHDM and the right side served as the control. The animals were euthanized after 3, 5, 10 and 14 days of surgery. After fixation, demineralization and paraffin embedding, representative samples of each group were stained with H&E and immunohistochemically evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The data showed a statistically significant (p < 0.05) increased number of osteoblasts positively immunostained for BMP-2 and BMP-4 on the experimental side (left) at 10 days. Our results also showed that even when not degraded, dentine matrix was incorporated to new bone formation after 14 days of surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that DHDM acts as a scaffold for osteoblast differentiation, actively yielding new bone formation, and it may represent an effective bone implant material.
authors: Orthodontics Department, Dentistry Course, Faculdade São Lucas, Porto Velho, Brazil.
authors: G S
authors: GS
authors: de Oliveira
authors: M N
authors: MN
authors: Miziara
authors: E R da
authors: ER
authors: Silva
authors: E L
authors: EL
authors: Ferreira
authors: A P F
authors: AP
authors: Biulchi
authors: J B
authors: JB
authors: Alves
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D003804:Dentin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000378:metabolism*; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D020390:Tooth Socket / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: C525720:Bmp2 protein, rat; C525811:Bmp4 protein, rat; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4; C093073:Demineralized Dentin Matrix
keywords: Demineralized human dentine matrix; alveolar wounds repair; bone morphogenetic proteins; osteoblast differentiation