title: Surface analysis of titanium biological modification with glow discharge.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Glow discharge plasma (GDP) technology has been used to graft various proteins to the titanium surface, including albumin, type I collagen, but without fibronectin.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate and analyze the physical properties of fibronectin-grafted titanium surfaces after GDP treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Grade II titanium discs after cleaning and autoclaving were considered as original specimens, thus divided into four groups. The groups were different upon two treatments (GDP only and fibronectin grafting after GDP) and two storage temperature (4°C and 25°C). The implant surface morphology was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), roughness measurement, and wettability evaluation. The concentration relationship of fibronectin was by fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) labeling.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SEM images showed that regular planar texture revealed on the surface of GDP-treated group, and irregular-folding protein was found on the fibronectin-grafted discs. Fibronectin-grafted groups had higher hydrophilicity and greater surface roughness than GDP-treated specimens. The storage temperature did not make obvious difference on the surface topography, wettability, and roughness. The number of fibronectin dots on the titanium surface labeling by FITC had positive relationship with the concentration of fibronectin solution used.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Biologically modified titanium surface is more hydrophilic and rougher than GDP-treated ones. GDP treatment combined with fibronectin grafting increased the surface hydrophilicity and surface roughness of titanium discs, which may attribute to the affinity of cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and differentiation.
authors: School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors: Yu-Chi
authors: YC
authors: Chang
authors: School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors: Sheng-Wei
authors: SW
authors: Feng
authors: Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials & Tissue Engineering, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors: Haw-Ming
authors: HM
authors: Huang
authors: School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.|Dental Department, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors: Nai-Chia
authors: NC
authors: Teng
authors: School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.|Dental Department, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors: Che-Tong
authors: CT
authors: Lin
authors: School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.|Dental Department of Taipei Medical University, Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors: Hsi-Kuei
authors: HK
authors: Lin
authors: School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors: Peter-D
authors: PD
authors: Wang
authors: School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.|Dental Department of Taipei Medical University, Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors: Wei-Jen
authors: WJ
authors: Chang
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D004572:Electrolysis / Q000379:methods*; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000737:chemistry*; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D058626:Plasma Gases; D011485:Protein Binding; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D017155:Wettability
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D005353:Fibronectins; D058626:Plasma Gases; D014025:Titanium
keywords: fibronectin; glow discharge; implant design; surface properties; titanium