title: Association of the + 45T>G adiponectin gene polymorphism with insulin resistance in non-diabetic Saudi women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The human adiponectin gene variations are associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes. However, these associations have not been fully examined in a non-diabetic population in Saudi Arabia. We aimed to investigate the association of 45T>G single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the adiponectin gene with total adiponectin levels, insulin resistance (IR), fasting blood glucose (FBG) and other markers of obesity in non-diabetic Saudi females.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred non diabetic Saudi females were enrolled in this study. They were further divided according to their body mass index (BMI) into two groups. Group I, 46 non diabetic subjects with normal body weight and group II, 54 overweight and obese females. Adiponectin 45T/G polymorphism was detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Serum adiponectin was measured by ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Obese women exhibited a higher distribution of TG/GG genotype compared with non-obese women. SNP +45T>G genotypes were associated with higher FBG, insulin levels and HOMA-IR with lower total adiponectin levels in obese Saudi women. Otherwise the all estimated variables revealed non-significant differences among the non-obese genotypes. The observed differences in insulin resistance markers were very significant among women with a higher body weight but not among normal body weight women, thus suggesting that SNP +45T>G effects on insulin sensitivity may depend upon body weight and body fat status.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SNP +45T>G of adiponectin gene has a significant role in the development of insulin resistance in Saudi women possibly through an interaction with increase body weight and hypoadiponectinemia.
authors: Medical Biochemistry, Medical Lab department, AMS College, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: amalmackawy@yahoo.com.
authors: Amal Mohammed Husein
authors: AM
authors: Mackawy
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000235:genetics*; D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000235:genetics; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012529:Saudi Arabia
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin
keywords: A; ADIPOQ; ANOVA; Adiponectin; Adiponectin gene polymorphism; BF; BMI; BW; C; CI; CVD; Chi-square test; ELISA; EtdBr; FBG; FI; FastDigest®Sma; G; Gly; HDL-C; HMW; HOMA–IR; IR; Insulin resistance; LD; LDL-C; ORs; Odd ratios; PCR–RFLP; SD; SNP; T; T2DM; TC; Taq; Thermus aquaticus; Type 2 diabetes mellitus; adenine; adiponectin gene; analysis of variance; base pair; body fat; body mass index; body weight; bp; cardiovascular disease; confidence intervals; cytosine; dNTP; dNTP-; deoxynucleotide triphosphate; deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; ethidium bromide; fast digestive Sma restriction enzyme; fasting blood glucose; fasting insulin; glycine; guanine; high density lipoprotein cholesterol; high molecular weight; homeostasis model of assessment, insulin resistance; insulin resistance; kDa; kilo Dalton; linkage disequilibrium; low density lipoprotein cholesterol; mRNA; messenger RNA; polymerase chain reaction, restriction fragment length polymorphism; single nucleotide polymorphism; standard deviation; thymidine; total cholesterol; type 2 diabetes mellitus; χ2