title: Complications of robotic surgery in pediatric urology: a single institution experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report our analysis of complications on pediatric robotic urologic procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review was performed for all robotic surgeries by pediatric urologists at a single pediatric institution, from the start of the robotic surgery program in February 2009 through February 2013. Data included patient demographics, intraoperative details, outcomes, and complications (Clavien system).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The analysis included 136 patients. There were 10 different types of procedures performed by 3 pediatric urologists. There were no intraoperative complications, robotic malfunctions, conversions to open or laparoscopic surgery, or mortalities. There were 11 total complications (8.1%): 2 grade I (1.5%), 7 grade II (5.1%), and 2 grade IIIb (1.5%). Complications included ileus in 2 patients (1.5%), port site infection in 2 (1.5%), urinary leak in 2 (1.5%), urinary retention in 2 (1.5%), urinary tract infection in 2 (1.5%), and stent migration in 1 (0.7%). The complication rate was in 3 of 10 infants (30%) and 8 of 126 noninfants (6.3%), P = .035. However, grade I, II, and IIIb complication rates were not significantly higher in infants vs noninfants, P = 1, .084, and .142, respectively. There was no difference in complication rates between the 3 surgeons.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pediatric robotic urologic procedures are safely performed with a relatively low complication rate and a low incidence of additional interventions owing to complications. Ongoing use of robotic technology in the pediatric population can be supported. Further reports are needed to validate our findings.
authors: Division of Pediatric Urology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH.
authors: Danesh
authors: D
authors: Bansal
authors: W Robert
authors: WR
authors: Defoor
authors: Pramod P
authors: PP
authors: Reddy
authors: Eugene A
authors: EA
authors: Minevich
authors: Paul H
authors: PH
authors: Noh
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012371:Robotics; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult