title: Trends in control of cardiovascular risk factors among US adults with type 2 diabetes from 1999 to 2010: comparison by prevalent cardiovascular disease status.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Most patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) suffer from cardiovascular disease (CVD). Whether CVD risk factors have improved in those with DM with and without CVD is not established. We compared risk factor levels and goal attainment in US adults with diabetes with and without CVD.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined 2403 adults (aged ≥ 18 years) in the United States with T2DM (n = 654, 27% with CVD) across 1999-2010 using the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and evaluated control of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), blood pressure (BP), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and body mass index (BMI) in those with DM with versus without CVD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The proportions controlled for HbA1c, BP and LDL-C have improved (p < 0.001) overall between 1999 and 2010, but only 24% were at goal for all three factors in 2009-2010. There were improvements in BP, triglycerides and LDL-C in those with CVD, and in those without CVD, there were also improvements in control of all parameters, although changes in mean levels of risk factors were less impressive.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite modest improvement over time, in most CVD risk factors, only one-fourth of those with T2DM are at goal for HbA1c, BP and LDL-C, with improvements seen in those without CVD more often than those with CVD.
authors: Heart Disease Prevention Program, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
authors: Nathan D
authors: ND
authors: Wong
authors: Christopher
authors: C
authors: Patao
authors: Kalina
authors: K
authors: Wong
authors: Shaista
authors: S
authors: Malik
authors: Stanley S
authors: SS
authors: Franklin
authors: Uchenna
authors: U
authors: Iloeje
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D019983:Guideline Adherence / Q000639:trends; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D015995:Prevalence; D011314:Preventive Health Services / Q000639:trends*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human
keywords: Diabetes; cardiovascular disease; risk factors; trends
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