title: Honeymoon, medical treatment or big business? An analysis of the meanings of the term "reproductive tourism" in German and Israeli public media discourses.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Infertile couples that travel to another country for reproductive treatment do not refer to themselves as "reproductive tourists". They might even be offended by this term. "Tourism" is a metaphor with hidden connotations. We will analyze these connotations in public media discourses on "reproductive tourism" in Israel and Germany. We chose to focus on these two countries since legal, ethical and religious restrictions give couples a similar motivation to travel for reproductive care, while the cultural backgrounds and conceptions of reproduction are different.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our research shows that the use of the metaphor "reproductive treatment" and its hidden messages depends on the writers' intention and the target population. Although the phenomenon of patients travelling for reproductive treatment can fit into the definitions of tourism, the term emphasizes aspects that do not reflect patients' reality. In both the German and the Israeli public media debate the term "reproductive tourism" is either used to criticize the economic aspects of the phenomenon or to attract patients as potential clients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ethicists should be cautious when borrowing metaphors like "reproductive tourism" from the public debate. Our findings support Penning's suggestion to use instead an unloaded term like cross-border reproductive care to describe the phenomenon in a more neutral way and to make it explicit whenever criticism is necessary.
authors: Faculty of Law, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, PB 39040, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel. bassansh@post.tau.ac.il.
authors: Sharon
authors: S
authors: Bassan
authors: Merle A
authors: MA
authors: Michaelsen
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D007246:Infertility / Q000628:therapy*; D007557:Israel; D008402:Mass Media; D057193:Medical Tourism; D019365:Metaphor; D012068:Religion and Medicine; D027724:Reproductive Techniques, Assisted / Q000941:ethics / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D009626:Terminology as Topic
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