title: A review of the mechanism for poor placentation in early-onset preeclampsia: the role of autophagy in trophoblast invasion and vascular remodeling.
abstract: Shallow trophoblast invasion and impaired vascular remodeling of spiral arteries have been recognized in early-onset preeclampsia. Placentation and vascular remodeling are multistep processes, and hypoxia, placental oxidative stress, excessive or atypical maternal immune response to trophoblasts, exaggerated inflammation, and increased production of anti-angiogenic factors such as the soluble form of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor (sFlt-1) and soluble endoglin (sENG) may play a role in poor placentation in preeclampsia. Recent findings suggest that autophagy plays an important role in extravillous trophoblast (EVT) invasion and vascular remodeling under hypoxia, and sENG inhibits EVT invasion and vascular remodeling by the inhibition of autophagy under hypoxic conditions. In this review, we discuss the relationship between inadequate autophagy and poor placentation in preeclampsia.
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan. Electronic address: s30saito@med.u-toyama.ac.jp.
authors: Shigeru
authors: S
authors: Saito
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
authors: Akitoshi
authors: A
authors: Nakashima
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D001343:Autophagy; D000071063:Endoglin; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007109:Immunity; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010929:Placentation; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism; D014327:Trophoblasts / Q000473:pathology*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; C064206:ENG protein, human; D000071063:Endoglin; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C501162:FLT1 protein, human; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1
keywords: Extravillous trophoblast; Hypoxia; SQSTM1/p62; Soluble endoglin; Vascular remodeling