title: Effects of normobaric oxygen on the progression of focal cerebral ischemia in rats.
abstract: Normobaric oxygen (NBO) reduces infarction at 24-48 h in experimental models of focal cerebral ischemia. However, to be clinically relevant, longer term safety and efficacy must be explored. Here, we assessed the effects of NBO on glial activation, neurovascular recovery, and behavioral outcomes at 2 weeks after transient focal ischemia in rats. 100 min transient focal ischemia was induced by intraluminal occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Animals were randomized into sham, controls or 85'NBO started 15 min after ischemic onset. Infarct volumes and behavioral outcomes were blindly quantified. Immunohistochemistry was used to examine the effects of NBO on glial activation and neurovascular responses. After 2 weeks of reperfusion the infarct volume was marked reduced in animals subjected to NBO. They also had better outcomes in forelimb placement test and in body-swing test and weight loss reduction. After 14 days, NBO decreased expression of Iba1, a marker of activated microglia, and GFAP, a marker of activated astrocytes. NBO treatment had no detectable effect on angiogenesis. These results suggest that protective effects of NBO may persist for up to 2 weeks post-stroke.
authors: Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA. Electronic address: elga.esposito@gmail.com.
authors: Elga
authors: E
authors: Esposito
authors: Emiri T
authors: ET
authors: Mandeville
authors: Kazuhide
authors: K
authors: Hayakawa
authors: Aneesh B
authors: AB
authors: Singhal
authors: Eng H
authors: EH
authors: Lo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018450:Disease Progression; D008297:Male; D010102:Oxygen Inhalation Therapy / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; DAPI; FDA; Food and Drug Administration; GFAP; ICH; LDF; MCAO; NBO; Neuroprotection; Normobaric oxygen therapy; PBS; Stroke; VEGF; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor; glial fibrillary acidic protein; intracerebral hemorrhage; laser doppler flowmetry; middle cerebral artery occlusion; normobaric oxygen; phosphate-buffered saline; tPA; tissue plasminogen activator
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