title: Enricher reactor--permeable reactive biobarrier approach for removing a mixture of contaminants with substrate interactions.
abstract: A laboratory-scale enricher reactor (ER) - permeable reactive biobarrier (PRBB) system was studied to address performance loss of a PRBB due to substrate interactions among a mixture of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) in groundwater, when the mixture reappeared after a 10-day absence period. Toluene and BTEX as an inducer in ER were compared to investigate toluene as a potential single inducer in ER. PRBBs without ER augmentation experienced performance losses ranging from 11% to 35% for PRBBs initially inoculated with toluene degraders and 22% to 33% for PRBBs initially inoculated with BTEX degraders. Bacterial communities changed substantially in these PRBBs after the absence period, which could contribute to the performance losses. PRBBs augmented with toluene degraders overcame the inhibition interaction between benzene and toluene, and showed a superior removal performance for toluene degradation suggesting that toluene can be used as a single inducer in an ER.
authors: Department of Civil Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA; Moore Engineering Inc., West Fargo, ND 58078, USA. Electronic address: mkasi@mooreengineeringinc.com.
authors: Murthy
authors: M
authors: Kasi
authors: Department of Civil Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA. Electronic address: tanush.wadhawan@my.ndsu.edu.
authors: Tanush
authors: T
authors: Wadhawan
authors: Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA. Electronic address: halis.simsek@ndsu.edu.
authors: Halis
authors: H
authors: Simsek
authors: Department of Veterinary and Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA. Electronic address: john.mcevoy@ndsu.edu.
authors: John
authors: J
authors: McEvoy
authors: Department of Civil Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA. Electronic address: g.padmanabhan@ndsu.edu.
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Padmanabhan
authors: Moore Engineering Inc., West Fargo, ND 58078, USA. Electronic address: dsletten@mooreengineeringinc.com.
authors: Dean
authors: D
authors: Sletten
authors: Department of Civil Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA. Electronic address: eakalak.khan@ndsu.edu.
authors: Eakalak
authors: E
authors: Khan
mesh_terms: D001554:Benzene / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D001555:Benzene Derivatives / Q000737:chemistry*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D018533:Biomass; D019149:Bioreactors; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000378:metabolism; D004867:Equipment Design; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry; D060587:Groundwater; D018807:Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational; D013997:Time Factors; D014050:Toluene / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis; D014992:Xylenes / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001555:Benzene Derivatives; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014992:Xylenes; D014050:Toluene; D000431:Ethanol; D002244:Carbon; D004247:DNA; D001554:Benzene; C004912:ethylbenzene
keywords: Absence period; BTEX; Biobarrier; Enricher reactor; Inhibition