title: Haemangiomas and venous malformations of the head and neck: A retrospective analysis of endovascular management in 358 patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Haemangioma (HM) and venous malformations of the head and neck are formidable lesions as they cause cosmetic deformity and psychological problems. Their surgical excision is difficult and fraught with problems like operative blood loss, incomplete excision, disfigurement and recurrence. Endovascular techniques like sclerotherapy and embolization are increasingly being used in the treatment of these difficult lesions.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study was undertaken to analyse the efficacy and safety of endovascular techniques in the treatment of HM and slow flow vascular malformations.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed the records and clinical photographs of 358 patients of HM and slow flow vascular malformations treated in our institute by endovascular approach over a 15 year period. Pre- and post-treatment photographs were compared and outcomes categorized as complete resolution (>90% reduction), considerable reduction (60-90% reduction), partial reduction (20-60% reduction) and no change (<20% reduction).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Complete resolution of the lesion was seen in 30% of the patients while 50% patients showed considerable reduction of the swelling. Complications occurred in 6.4% of patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that sclerotherapy is an effective and safe treatment modality for these lesions and may be considered as the primary modality in the treatment of these challenging lesions.
authors: Department of Radiology, Division of Interventional Neuroradiology, K.E.M. Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
authors: Kumbhar
authors: K
authors: Sachin
authors: Saraf
authors: S
authors: Rashmi
authors: Shrivastava
authors: S
authors: Manish
authors: Wuppalapati
authors: W
authors: Siddhartha
authors: Limaye
authors: L
authors: Uday
keywords: Bleomycin; hemangioma; sclerotherapy; sodium tetradecyl sulfate; venous malformation
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