title: Preliminary examination of the impact of traumatic brain injury and posttraumatic stress disorder on self-regulated learning and academic achievement among military service members enrolled in postsecondary education.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Delineate the effects of self-reported traumatic brain injury (TBI) or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) on self-regulated learning and academic achievement for university-enrolled military Service members.
  
  
  METHODS
  Students (N = 192) from 8 regionally diverse universities, representing an estimated 6% of Service members enrolled across schools.
  
  
  METHODS
  Public universities that are members of the Servicemember Opportunity College consortium.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study evaluating the relationships between self-reported TBI, PTSD, and self-regulated learning variables and their contribution to academic achievement.
  
  
  METHODS
  Self-report of military service; symptoms of TBI and PTSD; self-regulation strategies including effort, time/environment regulation, and academic self-efficacy; and grade point average (GPA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no effect of self-reported TBI or PTSD on GPA, effort regulation, or time/environment regulation strategies; however, participants with TBI or PTSD reported significantly lower academic self-efficacy. Multiple regression analysis revealed self-efficacy was the strongest predictor of GPA among all participants, followed by military rank.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The sample consisted of high achieving students responsive to a university administrator, which raises the possibility of sampling bias. Because of the low recruitment rate for this study and lack of published research on this subject, replicating the results is necessary before drawing generalizable conclusions about the population.
authors: Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders (Dr Ness) and Department of Occupational Therapy (Dr Vroman), University of New Hampshire, Durham.
authors: Bryan M
authors: BM
authors: Ness
authors: Kerryellen
authors: K
authors: Vroman
mesh_terms: D000124:Achievement; D000328:Adult; D055826:Afghan Campaign 2001-; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D054542:Iraq War, 2003-2011; D007859:Learning Disabilities / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D008889:Military Personnel / Q000523:psychology*; D015983:Selection Bias; D020377:Self Efficacy; D012927:Social Control, Informal; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States; D014728:Veterans / Q000523:psychology*