title: Sex differences in the association of urinary bisphenol-A concentration with selected indices of glucose homeostasis among U.S. adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Emerging evidence suggests that exposure to endocrine disruptors may initiate or exacerbate adiposity and associated health problems. This study examined sex differences in the association of urinary level of bisphenol-A (BPA) with selected indices of glucose homeostasis among U.S. adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data analyses were performed using a sample of 1586 participants from the 2005 to 2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. BPA level and the ratio of BPA-to-creatinine level were defined as log-transformed variables and in quartiles. Selected indices of glucose homeostasis were defined using fasting glucose and insulin data. Multivariate linear and logistic regression models for the hypothesized relationships were constructed after controlling for age, sex, race, education, marital status, smoking status, physical activity, total dietary intake, and urinary creatinine concentration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Taking the first quartile as a referent, the third quartile of BPA level was positively associated with log-transformed level of insulin and β-cell function (homeostasis model assessment for β-cell function) as well as insulin resistance (log-transformed homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance; homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance ≥2.5), with significant BPA-by-sex interaction; these associations were stronger among males than among females. Irrespective of sex, the ratio of BPA-to-creatinine level was not predictive of indices of glucose homeostasis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A complex association may exist between BPA and hyperinsulinemia among adult U.S. men. Prospective cohort studies are needed to further elucidate endocrine disruptors as determinants of adiposity-related disturbances.
authors: Graduate Program in Public Health, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA.
authors: Hind A
authors: HA
authors: Beydoun
authors: Graduate Program in Public Health, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA.
authors: Suraj
authors: S
authors: Khanal
authors: Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging/National Institutes of Health/Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD.
authors: Alan B
authors: AB
authors: Zonderman
authors: Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging/National Institutes of Health/Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD. Electronic address: mbaydoun2002@yahoo.com.
authors: May A
authors: MA
authors: Beydoun
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000652:urine*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D010636:Phenols / Q000652:urine*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D003404:Creatinine; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D005947:Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D010636:Phenols; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
keywords: Bisphenol-A; Endocrine disruptor; Glucose homeostasis; Survey
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