title: Comparison of custom to standard TKA instrumentation with computed tomography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is conflicting evidence whether custom instrumentation for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) improves component position compared to standard instrumentation. Studies have relied on long-limb radiographs limited to two-dimensional (2D) analysis and subjected to rotational inaccuracy. We used postoperative computed tomography (CT) to evaluate preoperative three-dimensional templating and CI to facilitate accurate and efficient implantation of TKA femoral and tibial components.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively evaluated a single-surgeon cohort of 78 TKA patients (51 custom, 27 standard) with postoperative CT scans using 3D reconstruction and contour-matching technology to preoperative imaging. Component alignment was measured in coronal, sagittal and axial planes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Preoperative templating for custom instrumentation was 87 and 79 % accurate for femoral and tibial component size. All custom components were within 1 size except for the tibial component in one patient (2 sizes). Tourniquet time was 5 min longer for custom (30 min) than standard (25 min). In no case was custom instrumentation aborted in favour of standard instrumentation nor was original alignment of custom instrumentation required to be adjusted intraoperatively. There were more outliers greater than 2° from intended alignment with standard instrumentation than custom for both components in all three planes. Custom instrumentation was more accurate in component position for tibial coronal alignment (custom: 1.5° ± 1.2°; standard: 3° ± 1.9°; p = 0.0001) and both tibial (custom: 1.4° ± 1.1°; standard: 16.9° ± 6.8°; p < 0.0001) and femoral (custom: 1.2° ± 0.9°; standard: 3.1° ± 2.1°; p < 0.0001) rotational alignment, and was similar to standard instrumentation in other measurements.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When evaluated with CT, custom instrumentation performs similar or better to standard instrumentation in component alignment and accurately templates component size. Tourniquet time was mildly increased for custom compared to standard.
authors: Department of Orthopaedics, The Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, 725 Prior Hall, 376 West 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA, vincent_y_ng@yahoo.com.
authors: Vincent Y
authors: VY
authors: Ng
authors: Lindsay
authors: L
authors: Arnott
authors: Jia
authors: J
authors: Li
authors: Ronald
authors: R
authors: Hopkins
authors: Jamie
authors: J
authors: Lewis
authors: Sean
authors: S
authors: Sutphen
authors: Lisa
authors: L
authors: Nicholson
authors: Douglas
authors: D
authors: Reader
authors: Michael A
authors: MA
authors: McShane
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019645:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted; D013977:Tibia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
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