title: Degradation of norgestrel by bacteria from activated sludge: comparison to progesterone.
abstract: Natural and synthetic progestagens in the environment have become a concern due to their adverse effects on aquatic organisms. Laboratory studies were performed to investigate aerobic biodegradation of norgestrel by bacteria from activated sludge in comparison with progesterone, and to identify their degradation products and biotransformation pathways. The degradation of norgestrel followed first order reaction kinetics (T1/2 = 12.5 d), while progesterone followed zero order reaction kinetics (T1/2 = 4.3 h). Four and eight degradation products were identified for norgestrel and progesterone, respectively. Six norgestrel-degrading bacterial strains (Enterobacter ludwigii, Aeromonas hydrophila subsp. dhakensis, Pseudomonas monteilii, Comamonas testosteroni, Exiguobacterium acetylicum, and Chryseobacterium indologenes) and one progesterone-degrading bacterial strain (Comamonas testosteroni) were successfully isolated from the enrichment culture inoculated with aerobic activated sludge. To our best knowledge, this is the first report on the biodegradation products and degrading bacteria for norgestrel under aerobic conditions.
authors: State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640, China.
authors: Shan
authors: S
authors: Liu
authors: Guang-Guo
authors: GG
authors: Ying
authors: You-Sheng
authors: YS
authors: Liu
authors: Fu-Qiang
authors: FQ
authors: Peng
authors: Liang-Ying
authors: LY
authors: He
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D001711:Biotransformation; D003280:Contraceptives, Oral, Synthetic / Q000378:metabolism*; D009644:Norgestrel / Q000378:metabolism*; D011374:Progesterone / Q000378:metabolism*; D011372:Progestins / Q000378:metabolism*; D012722:Sewage / Q000382:microbiology; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D003280:Contraceptives, Oral, Synthetic; D011372:Progestins; D012722:Sewage; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D009644:Norgestrel; D011374:Progesterone