title: Intra-crystalline protein diagenesis (IcPD) inPatella vulgata. Part I: Isolation and testing of the closed system.
abstract: This study successfully isolates a fraction of intra-crystalline proteins from shells of the marine gastropodPatella vulgataand assesses the suitability of these proteins for IcPD (Intra-crystalline Protein Diagenesis) geochronology. We discuss the mineralogical composition of this gastropod, investigated for the first time by X-ray diffraction mapping, and use the results to inform our sampling strategy. The potential of the calcitic rim and of a bulk sample (containing both apex and rim) of the shell to act as stable repositories for the intra-crystalline proteins during diagenesis is examined. The composition and the diagenetic behaviour of the intra-crystalline proteins isolated from different locations within the shell are compared, highlighting the necessity of targeting consistent sampling positions. We induced artificial diagenesis of both intra-crystalline and whole-shell proteins by conducting high-temperature experiments in hydrous environment; this allowed us to quantify the loss of amino acids by leaching and therefore evaluate the open- or closed-system behaviour of the different fractions of proteins. The results obtained provide further confirmation that patterns of diagenesis vary according to the protein sequence, structure, and location within or outside the intra-crystalline fraction. AsPatellais frequently found in the fossil record, both in archaeological and geological contexts, the application of IcPD geochronology to this biomineral opens up the possibility to obtain reliable age information from a range of sites in different areas of the world.
authors: BioArCh, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK.
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Demarchi
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Rogers
authors: D A
authors: DA
authors: Fa
authors: C J
authors: CJ
authors: Finlayson
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Milner
authors: K E H
authors: KE
authors: Penkman
keywords: Closed system; Intra-crystalline proteins; Leaching tests; Mineralogy; Patella vulgata
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