title: Comparative analysis of mandibular anatomical variations between panoramic radiography and cone beam computed tomography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study is to compare the ability of panoramic radiography and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in detecting anatomical variations of the mandibular canal and mental foramen.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred twenty-seven preoperative panoramic and CBCT images were evaluated. Two oral and maxillofacial radiologists investigated the presence of bifid mandibular canals and/or additional mental foramina on the right, left, or both sides of the mandible. Intra- and interobserver reliability was determined using Cohen's kappa coefficient. McNemar's test compared the prevalence of mandibular anatomical variations between panoramic radiography and CBCT. The significance level was set at 0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Additional mental foramen and bifid mandibular canal were detected in 1.2 and 7.4 % of the panoramic radiographs and 7.4 and 9.8 % of the CBCT images, respectively. The incidence of anatomical variations on the mandibular canal was not significantly different between both imaging modalities (P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although CBCT provides better viewing of anatomical structures, including location, shape, and relationship with the surrounding area, panoramic radiography is a conventional imaging modality that can be used in the study of the bifid mandibular canals.
authors: Department of Oral Diagnosis, Division of Oral Radiology, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Av. Limeira, 901, P.O. BOX 52, 13414-903, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil, fredsampaio@yahoo.com.br.
authors: Frederico Sampaio
authors: FS
authors: Neves
authors: Monikelly Carmo Chagas
authors: MC
authors: Nascimento
authors: Matheus Lima
authors: ML
authors: Oliveira
authors: Solange Maria
authors: SM
authors: Almeida
authors: Frab Norberto
authors: FN
authors: Bóscolo
mesh_terms: D063405:Anatomic Variation; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008334:Mandible / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D015588:Observer Variation; D011862:Radiography, Panoramic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
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