title: Unilateral once daily milking locally induces differential gene expression in both mammary tissue and milk epithelial cells revealing mammary remodeling.
abstract: Once daily milking reduces milk yield, but the underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Local regulation due to milk stasis in the tissue may contribute to this effect, but such mechanisms have not yet been fully described. To challenge this hypothesis, one udder half of six Holstein dairy cows was milked once a day (ODM), and the other twice a day (TDM). On the 8th day of unilateral ODM, mammary epithelial cells (MEC) were purified from the milk using immunomagnetic separation. Mammary biopsies were harvested from both udder halves. The differences in transcript profiles between biopsies from ODM and TDM udder halves were analyzed by a 22k bovine oligonucleotide array, revealing 490 transcripts that were differentially expressed. The principal category of upregulated transcripts concerned mechanisms involved in cell proliferation and death. We further confirmed remodeling of the mammary tissue by immunohistochemistry, which showed less cell proliferation and more apoptosis in ODM udder halves. Gene expression analyzed by RT-qPCR in MEC purified from milk and mammary biopsies showed a common downregulation of six transcripts (ABCG2, FABP3, NUCB2, RNASE1 and 5, and SLC34A2) but also some discrepancies. First, none of the upregulated transcripts in biopsies varied in milk-purified MEC. Second, only milk-purified MEC showed significant LALBA downregulation, which suggests therefore that they correspond to a mammary epithelial cell subpopulation. Our results, obtained after unilateral milking, suggest that cell remodeling during ODM is due to a local effect, which may be triggered by milk accumulation.
authors: INRA, UR1196 Génomique et Physiologie de la Lactation, Jouy-en-Josas, France;
authors: Marion
authors: M
authors: Boutinaud
authors: Laurent
authors: L
authors: Galio
authors: Vanessa
authors: V
authors: Lollivier
authors: Laurence
authors: L
authors: Finot
authors: Sandra
authors: S
authors: Wiart
authors: Diane
authors: D
authors: Esquerré
authors: Eve
authors: E
authors: Devinoy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics; D002417:Cattle; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D003612:Dairying; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000235:genetics; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D053263:Gene Regulatory Networks; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology*; D008892:Milk / Q000166:cytology*; D011388:Prolactin / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011388:Prolactin
keywords: lactation; mammary epithelial cells; mammary gland microarray