title: NMNATs, evolutionarily conserved neuronal maintenance factors.
abstract: Proper brain function requires neuronal homeostasis over a range of environmental challenges. Neuronal activity, injury, and aging stress the nervous system, and lead to neuronal dysfunction and degeneration. Nevertheless, most organisms maintain healthy neurons throughout life, implying the existence of active maintenance mechanisms. Recent studies have revealed a key neuronal maintenance and protective function for nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyl transferases (NMNATs). We review evidence that NMNATs protect neurons through multiple mechanisms in different contexts, and highlight functions that either require or are independent of NMNAT catalytic activity. We then summarize data supporting a role for NMNATs in neuronal maintenance and raise intriguing questions on how NMNATs preserve neuronal integrity and facilitate proper neural function throughout life.
authors: The Cain Foundation Laboratories, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Electronic address: yoali@bcm.edu.
authors: Yousuf O
authors: YO
authors: Ali
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Li-Kroeger
authors: Hugo J
authors: HJ
authors: Bellen
authors: R Grace
authors: RG
authors: Zhai
authors: Hui-Chen
authors: HC
authors: Lu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055162:Biocatalysis; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D006801:Humans; D009410:Nerve Degeneration / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009537:Nicotinamide Mononucleotide / Q000378:metabolism*; D009713:Nucleotidyltransferases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D009537:Nicotinamide Mononucleotide; D009713:Nucleotidyltransferases; C020658:glutamine-synthetase adenylyltransferase
keywords: NAD; NMNAT; axonopathy; chaperone; neurodegeneration; neuronal maintenance; proteinopathies; synapse
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