title: Overexpression of transglutaminase 4 and prostate cancer progression: a potential predictor of less favourable outcomes.
abstract: Transglutaminase 4 has been shown to enhance various biological properties of prostate cancer cells, e.g., cell-matrix adhesion, invasiveness and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. The objectives of this study were to investigate the associations between transglutaminase 4 expression and the established features and biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer. Transglutaminase 4 immunostaining was performed on a tissue microarray. The expression of transglutaminase 4 was evaluated by a scoring method based on the intensity and extent of staining. The clinical and pathological information was obtained through a review of medical records. Follow-up data were obtained by consulting the hospital medical records and the prostate cancer database of our department and by contacting patients or family members. We then compared the transglutaminase 4 expression levels between the prostate cancer tissues and the paracarcinoma tissues and evaluated the correlation of transglutaminase 4 expression with the clinical parameters and biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer. Our results indicated that the transglutaminase 4 staining was significantly higher in tumour tissue than in paracarcinoma tissue (P<0.001) and was positively associated with higher Gleason score (P<0.001) and higher prostate-specific antigen level (P=0.005). Patients with transglutaminase 4 overexpression experienced shorter biochemical recurrence-free survival after surgery (P=0.042) in the univariate analysis but not in the multivariate analysis (P=0.139), which indicated that transglutaminase 4 may serve as a potential predictor of biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer.
authors: Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
authors: Zhi
authors: Z
authors: Cao
authors: Yang
authors: Y
authors: Wang
authors: Zhi-Yong
authors: ZY
authors: Liu
authors: Zhen-Sheng
authors: ZS
authors: Zhang
authors: Shan-Cheng
authors: SC
authors: Ren
authors: Yong-Wei
authors: YW
authors: Yu
authors: Meng
authors: M
authors: Qiao
authors: Bei-Bei
authors: BB
authors: Zhai
authors: Ying-Hao
authors: YH
authors: Sun
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D011503:Transglutaminases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C418702:transglutaminase 4; D011503:Transglutaminases
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