title: Financial impact of surgical site infections on hospitals: the hospital management perspective.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Surgical site infections (SSIs) may increase health care costs, but few studies have conducted an analysis from the perspective of hospital administrators.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the change in hospital profit due to SSIs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study of data from January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2010.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was performed at 4 of The Johns Hopkins Health System acute care hospitals in Maryland: Johns Hopkins Bayview (560 beds); Howard County General Hospital (238 beds); The Johns Hopkins Hospital (946 beds); and Suburban Hospital (229 beds).
  
  
  METHODS
  Eligible patients for the study included those patients admitted to the 4 hospitals between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2010, with complete data and the correct International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision code, as determined by the infection preventionist. Infection preventionists performed complete medical record review using National Healthcare Safety Network definitions to identify SSIs. Patients were stratified using the All Patient Refined Diagnosis Related Groups to estimate the change in hospital profit due to SSIs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Surgical site infections.
  
  
  METHODS
  The outcomes of the study were the difference in daily total charges, length of stay (LOS), 30-day readmission rate, and profit for patients with an SSI when compared with patients without an SSI. The hypothesis, formulated prior to data collection, that patients with an SSI have higher daily total costs, a longer LOS, and higher 30-day readmission rates than patients without an SSI, was tested using a nonpaired Mann-Whitney U test, an analysis of covariance, and a Pearson χ2 test. Hospital charges were used as a proxy for hospital cost. RESULTS The daily total charges, mean LOS, and 30-day readmission rate for patients with an SSI compared with patients without an SSI were $7493 vs $7924 (P = .99); 10.56 days vs 5.64 days (P < .001); and 51.94 vs 8.19 readmissions per 100 procedures (P < .001). The change in profit due SSIs was $2 268 589.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data suggest that hospitals have a financial incentive to reduce SSIs, but hospitals should expect to see an increase in both cost and revenue when SSIs are reduced.
authors: Division of Epidemiology and Infection Prevention, The Johns Hopkins Health System, Baltimore, Maryland6Department of Quality, Patient Safety, and Effectiveness, Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, California.
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Shepard
authors: William
authors: W
authors: Ward
authors: Aaron
authors: A
authors: Milstone
authors: Taylor
authors: T
authors: Carlson
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Frederick
authors: Eric
authors: E
authors: Hadhazy
authors: Trish
authors: T
authors: Perl
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005377:Financial Management, Hospital; D017722:Hospital Charges / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017721:Hospital Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007348:Insurance, Health / Q000191:economics; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008396:Maryland / Q000453:epidemiology; D010359:Patient Readmission / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology