title: Impact of vitamin A supplementation on RAR gene expression in multiple sclerosis patients.
abstract: Vitamin A and its derivatives have been shown to modulate the immune system via retinoic acid receptor (RAR). This study explored the impact of retinyl palmitate supplementation on RAR subtype gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. The study designed as a double-blind randomized clinical trial in which relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis patients were evaluated. Both groups received one capsule 50,000 IU vitamin D3 per 2 weeks and one intramuscular injection interferon beta-1a per week. The intervention group received one 25,000 IU retinyl palmitate capsule daily for 6 months and the placebo group received one placebo capsule daily. The PBMCs were isolated from participants and the expression level changes of RAR-α and RAR-γ genes were determined by real-time PCR. After supplementation, in the intervention group, the RAR-α gene expression level was significantly decreased compared to the placebo group (p = 0.03); however, the expression of RAR-γ gene did not significantly change (p = 0.10). These results show that vitamin A supplementation can significantly downregulate the expression of RAR-α gene in PBMCs of MS patients that suggest the presence of in vivo regulatory mechanisms for the action of vitamin A on the immune system.
authors: School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors: Sama
authors: S
authors: Bitarafan
authors: Mohammad Hossein
authors: MH
authors: Harirchian
authors: Mohammad Ali
authors: MA
authors: Sahraian
authors: Mohammad
authors: M
authors: Keramatipour
authors: Nahid
authors: N
authors: Beladi Moghadam
authors: Mansoureh
authors: M
authors: Togha
authors: Shahriar
authors: S
authors: Nafissi
authors: Fereydoun
authors: F
authors: Siassi
authors: Mohammad Reza
authors: MR
authors: Eshraghian
authors: Niyaz
authors: N
authors: Mohammadzadeh Honarvar
authors: Hasti
authors: H
authors: Ansar
authors: Saeed
authors: S
authors: Talebi
authors: Ali Akbar
authors: AA
authors: Saboor-Yarghi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000072482:Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000097768:Retinoic Acid Receptor gamma
chemical_list: D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D000072482:Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha; D014801:Vitamin A; D000097768:Retinoic Acid Receptor gamma; C000607071:RARA protein, human
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