title: Family history of diabetes is associated with higher risk for prediabetes: a multicentre analysis from the German Center for Diabetes Research.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Prediabetes is a collective term for different subphenotypes (impaired glucose tolerance [IGT] and/or impaired fasting glucose [IFG]) with different pathophysiologies. A positive family history for type 2 diabetes (FHD) is associated with increased risk for type 2 diabetes. We assumed that it would also associate with prediabetes, but wondered whether all subphenotypes are related to a positive family history.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a study population of 8,106 non-diabetic individuals of European origin collected from four study centres (normal glucose tolerance, NGT n = 5,482, IFG and/or IGT n = 2,624), we analysed whether having at least one first degree relative with diabetes is associated with prediabetes. The analyses were performed using the same models in each population separately. Afterwards, a meta-analysis was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  FHD was significantly associated with the risk for prediabetes (IFG and/or IGT, OR 1.40; 95% CI 1.27, 1.54). This association remained significant in multivariable logistic regression models including sex, age and BMI (OR 1.26; 95% CI 1.14, 1.40). When different prediabetic outcomes were considered separately, the association was found for isolated IFG (OR 1.37; 95% CI 1.20, 1.57), isolated IGT (OR 1.25; 95% CI 1.07, 1.46) as well as for the combination IFG+IGT (OR 1.64; 95% CI 1.40, 1.93). After stratification on BMI, association between FHD and prediabetes was seen only in non-obese individuals (BMI < 30 kg/m(2)).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found that FHD is an important risk factor for prediabetes, especially for combined IGT and IFG. Its relevance seems to be more evident in the non-obese.
authors: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Eberhard Karls University, Otfried-Müller-Str 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
authors: Robert
authors: R
authors: Wagner
authors: Barbara
authors: B
authors: Thorand
authors: Martin A
authors: MA
authors: Osterhoff
authors: Gabriele
authors: G
authors: Müller
authors: Anja
authors: A
authors: Böhm
authors: Christa
authors: C
authors: Meisinger
authors: Bernd
authors: B
authors: Kowall
authors: Wolfgang
authors: W
authors: Rathmann
authors: Florian
authors: F
authors: Kronenberg
authors: Harald
authors: H
authors: Staiger
authors: Norbert
authors: N
authors: Stefan
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Roden
authors: Peter E
authors: PE
authors: Schwarz
authors: Andreas F
authors: AF
authors: Pfeiffer
authors: Hans-Ulrich
authors: HU
authors: Häring
authors: Andreas
authors: A
authors: Fritsche
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008487:Medical History Taking; D008875:Middle Aged; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors
references: Arch Intern Med. 2007 May 28;167(10):1068-74
references: 17533210
references: Diabetes Care. 2011 Jan;34 Suppl 1:S62-9
references: 21193628
references: Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2007 Dec;78(3):305-12
references: 17601626
references: Diabetes Care. 2010 Apr;33(4):763-7
references: 20067970
references: Diabetologia. 2013 Jan;56(1):60-9
references: 23052052
references: Diabetologia. 2006 Nov;49(11):2589-98
references: 16969647
references: Diabetes Care. 2003 Mar;26(3):725-31
references: 12610029
references: Lancet. 2012 Jun 16;379(9833):2279-90
references: 22683128
references: Diabetes Care. 2007 Mar;30(3):510-5
references: 17327313
references: Diabetologia. 2011 May;54(5):1004-12
references: 21153531