title: Medical management of thyroid eye disease.
abstract: Thyroid eye disease (TED) is the most common cause of orbital disease in adults. The immunologic pathogenesis of TED has been an area of active research and considerable progress has resulted in an expansion of therapeutic options. Although surgical intervention may be required, a majority of TED patients can be managed with medical therapies. Of medical therapies, glucocorticoids remain the agent of choice in the control of TED activity. The objective of this review is to discuss the paradigm and options in medical management of TED.
authors: University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Division of Oculofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, United States.
authors: Dawn D
authors: DD
authors: Yang
authors: Mithra O
authors: MO
authors: Gonzalez
authors: Vikram D
authors: VD
authors: Durairaj
keywords: Exophthalmos; Eyelid retraction; Graves’ ophthalmopathy; Thyroid eye disease; Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy
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