title: Identification and characterization of novel alternative splice variants of human SAMD11.
abstract: Sterile alpha motif domain-containing 11 (SAMD11) is evolutionarily conserved from zebrafish to human. Mouse Samd11 is predominantly expressed in developing retinal photoreceptors and the adult pineal gland, and its transcription is directly regulated by the cone-rod homeodomain protein Crx. However, there has been little research on human SAMD11. To investigate the function of human SAMD11, we first cloned its coding sequence (CDS) and identified up to 45 novel alternative splice variants (ASVs). Mouse Samd11 ASVs were also identified by aligning the mouse Samd11 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) with the annotated sequence. However, the range of expression and transcriptional regulation of SAMD11 differs between human and mouse. Human SAMD11 was found to be widely expressed in many cell lines and ocular tissues and its transcription was not regulated by CRX, OTX2 or NR2E3 proteins. Furthermore, functional analysis indicated that human SAMD11 could promote cell proliferation slightly. In conclusion, this study elucidated the basic characteristics of human SAMD11 and revealed that, although the occurrence of alternative splicing of SAMD11 was conserved, the function of SAMD11 may vary in different species.
authors: State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors: Guorong
authors: G
authors: Jin
authors: Chongde
authors: C
authors: Long
authors: Weiwei
authors: W
authors: Liu
authors: Yan
authors: Y
authors: Tang
authors: Yujuan
authors: Y
authors: Zhu
authors: Xin
authors: X
authors: Zhou
authors: Yang
authors: Y
authors: Ai
authors: Qingjiong
authors: Q
authors: Zhang
authors: Huangxuan
authors: H
authors: Shen
mesh_terms: D017398:Alternative Splicing; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D003315:Cornea / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005091:Exons; D020224:Expressed Sequence Tags; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007438:Introns; D051379:Mice; D057093:Orphan Nuclear Receptors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051857:Otx Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012160:Retina / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D017948:Retinal Rod Photoreceptor Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D013045:Species Specificity; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005136:Eye Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; C403073:NR2E3 protein, human; C497659:OTX2 protein, human; D057093:Orphan Nuclear Receptors; D051857:Otx Transcription Factors; D020033:Protein Isoforms; C584612:SAMD11 protein, human; D015534:Trans-Activators; C109288:cone rod homeobox protein
keywords: (real-time) RT-PCR; (real-time) reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction; AP-SAMD11; AS(V); Alternative splice variant; CDS; CRX; EST(s); Expression; FL-SAMD11; HCE; HREC; Human SAMD11; NMD; NR2E3; NRL; OTX2; PAX6; PBS; PTC; RPE; Regulation; SAM; SAMD11; SIX homeobox 3; SIX homeobox 6; SIX3; SIX6; alternative promoter SAMD11; alternative splicing (variant); coding sequence; cone-rod homeobox; expressed sequence tag(s); full-length human SAMD11; human corneal epithelium; human retinal microvascular endothelial cell; neural retina leucine zipper; nonsense-mediated mRNA decay; nuclear receptor subfamily 2, group E, member 3; orthodenticle homeobox 2; paired box 6; phosphate buffered saline; premature translation termination codons; retinal pigment epithelium; sterile alpha motif; sterile alpha motif domain containing 11