title: Prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea in surgical patients presenting to a tertiary care teaching hospital in India: A preliminary study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is often not diagnosed in patients presenting for surgical procedures thereby increasing the incidence of adverse perioperative course. Early diagnosis of this disease is important in modifying anesthetic management as well as utilizing specific means which may decrease the complications and improve the patient outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients greater than eighteen years of age, ASA I-III scheduled for elective surgical procedures under anesthesia were randomly selected. Their demographic data, diagnosis and nature of surgery were noted in a semi-structured performa. They were then screened for the presence of OSA with the help of a STOP BANG questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This study included two hundred four patients randomly selected. Slight female predominance was seen in this sample (55.4%). Mean age of the subjects was 42.7 years (SD=15.08). 24.5% subjects were at high risk for OSA (STOP-BANG>3) with a male predominance (72% versus 37% in low risk group; X (2)=18.62; P<0.001). High risk OSA subjects had higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors (57% vs. 11.7% in low risk group; X (2)=33.35; P<0.001). Similarly, this group had a higher prevalence of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (14% versus 3.8% in low risk group; X (2)=6.54; P=0.03). Prevalence of diabetes mellitus (22%) and hypothyroidism (6%) was also higher in this group (5.2% and 1.9% in low risk group respectively; X (2)=15.42; P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High degree of suspicion and knowledge of association of OSA and medical diseases may help in detection of such cases and decrease the rate of perioperative complications thus improving patients safety.
authors: Department of Anaesthesiology, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Dehradun, Uttrakhand, India.
authors: Sanjay
authors: S
authors: Agrawal
authors: Ravi
authors: R
authors: Gupta
authors: Vivekanand
authors: V
authors: Lahan
authors: Ghulam
authors: G
authors: Mustafa
authors: Uttamjot
authors: U
authors: Kaur
keywords: Anaesthesia; STOP BANG; complication; obstructive sleep apnea
references: Anesth Analg. 2011 Jan;112(1):113-21
references: 21081775
references: Mayo Clin Proc. 2001 Sep;76(9):897-905
references: 11560300
references: Indian J Med Res. 2006 Sep;124(3):281-90
references: 17085831
references: Laryngoscope. 1989 Nov;99(11):1125-9
references: 2530406
references: Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2004 Jan 15;169(2):168-73
references: 14604837
references: Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2009 Jun;22(3):405-11
references: 19412094
references: Anesthesiology. 2008 May;108(5):812-21
references: 18431116
references: Patient Saf Surg. 2010 Jun 21;4(1):9
references: 20565968
references: Sleep Med Rev. 2013 Feb;17(1):7-18
references: 22658640
references: Ann Saudi Med. 2012 Jul-Aug;32(4):384-90
references: 22705609
references: Chest. 1999 Mar;115(3):863-6
references: 10084504
references: Sleep Med. 2009 Aug;10(7):753-8
references: 19186102
references: JAMA. 2012 May 23;307(20):2169-76
references: 22618924
references: Sleep. 1997 Sep;20(9):705-6
references: 9406321
references: Laryngoscope. 2008 Feb;118(2):348-53
references: 18025949
references: Sleep Breath. 2006 Sep;10(3):161-5
references: 16783581
references: N Engl J Med. 1981 Aug 6;305(6):325-30
references: 7017417
references: Am Surg. 2008 Sep;74(9):834-8
references: 18807673
references: Anesth Analg. 2008 Nov;107(5):1543-63
references: 18931212
references: Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2004 Oct;14(5):248-53
references: 15673058
references: Circulation. 2003 May 27;107(20):2589-94
references: 12743002
references: Sleep Breath. 2008 Nov;12(4):303-9
references: 18398630
references: Chest. 2006 Jan;129(1):198-205
references: 16424433
references: Can J Anaesth. 2009 Nov;56(11):819-28
references: 19774431
references: World J Diabetes. 2012 Apr 15;3(4):65-70
references: 22532885
references: Diabetes Care. 2012 Sep;35(9):1902-6
references: 22688546
references: Anesth Analg. 2003 May;96(5):1328-1335
references: 12707128
references: Sleep. 1991 Dec;14(6):486-95
references: 1798880