title: Reliable quantitation of β-hydroxyethoxyacetic acid in human urine by an isotope-dilution GC-MS procedure.
abstract: An analytical method for the determination of β-hydroxyethoxyacetic acid (HEAA), the main urinary metabolite of 1,4-dioxane was developed and validated. The presented method involves liquid-liquid extraction of HEAA from the urine samples, followed by silylation and subsequent analytical separation and detection using GC-MS. The method is characterized by its simple and fast sample preparation in combination with a robust chromatography. The use of isotope dilution analysis enables an efficient compensation of matrix related effects and analyte losses due to sample workup. The excellent reliability and reproducibility of the method is demonstrated by the good accuracy and precision data. Within-day precision and day-to-day precision ranged from 0.6 to 1.2% and 1.5 to 2.6%, respectively. The mean relative recovery of the method was found to be 98-101%. The LOD and LOQ of HEAA were determined to be 0.2mg/L and 0.6mg/L, respectively. In summary, the presented analytical method is well suited to be used for routine biomonitoring of occupational exposure to 1,4-dioxane.
authors: Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schillerstrasse 25/29, 91054 Erlangen, Germany. Elisabeth.Eckert@ipasum.med.uni-erlangen.de
authors: Elisabeth
authors: E
authors: Eckert
authors: Wolfgang
authors: W
authors: Gries
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Göen
authors: Gabriele
authors: G
authors: Leng
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine*; D004146:Dioxanes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007201:Indicator Dilution Techniques; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D004146:Dioxanes; C018968:beta-hydroxyethoxyacetic acid; C025223:1,4-dioxane
keywords: Biomonitoring; Dioxane; GC–MS; Human metabolism; Isotope dilution; Occupational medicine