title: Simultaneous and automated monitoring of the multimetal biosorption processes by potentiometric sensor array and artificial neural network.
abstract: In this communication, a new methodology for the simultaneous and automated monitoring of biosorption processes of multimetal mixtures of polluting heavy metals on vegetable wastes based on flow-injection potentiometry (FIP) and electronic tongue detection (ET) is presented. A fixed-bed column filled with grape stalks from wine industry wastes is used as the biosorption setup to remove the metal mixtures from the influent solution. The monitoring system consists in a computer controlled-FIP prototype with the ET based on an array of 9 flow-through ion-selective electrodes and electrodes with generic response to divalent ions placed in series, plus an artificial neural network response model. The cross-response to Cu(2+), Cd(2+), Zn(2+), Pb(2+) and Ca(2+) (as target ions) is used, and only when dynamic treatment of the kinetic components of the transient signal is incorporated, a correct operation of the system is achieved. For this purpose, the FIA peaks are transformed via use of Fourier treatment, and selected coefficients are used to feed an artificial neural network response model. Real-time monitoring of different binary (Cu(2+)/ Pb(2+)), (Cu(2+)/ Zn(2+)) and ternary mixtures (Cu(2+)/ Pb(2+)/ Zn(2+)), (Cu(2+)/ Zn(2+)/ Cd(2+)), simultaneous to the release of Ca(2+) in the effluent solution, are achieved satisfactorily using the reported system, obtaining the corresponding breakthrough curves, and showing the ion-exchange mechanism among the different metals. Analytical performance is verified against conventional spectroscopic techniques, with good concordance of the obtained breakthrough curves and modeled adsorption parameters.
authors: Sensors and Biosensors Group, Chemistry Dept., Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Wilson
authors: M
authors: M
authors: del Valle
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Alegret
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Valderrama
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Florido
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D004566:Electrodes; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D019649:Food Industry; D005583:Fourier Analysis; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis*; D007476:Ionophores / Q000737:chemistry; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D016571:Neural Networks, Computer; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000737:chemistry*; D010968:Plasticizers / Q000737:chemistry; D011143:Polyvinyl Chloride / Q000737:chemistry; D011199:Potentiometry; D027843:Vitis; D014920:Wine
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D007220:Industrial Waste; D007476:Ionophores; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D010968:Plasticizers; D011143:Polyvinyl Chloride; D002118:Calcium
keywords: Electronic tongue; Fourier transform; Grape stalk wastes; Heavy metals sorption; Ion-selective electrodes; On-line monitoring