title: Homoserine lactones influence the reaction of plants to rhizobia.
abstract: Bacterial quorum sensing molecules not only grant the communication within bacterial communities, but also influence eukaryotic hosts. N-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) produced by pathogenic or beneficial bacteria were shown to induce diverse reactions in animals and plants. In plants, the reaction to AHLs depends on the length of the lipid side chain. Here we investigated the impact of two bacteria on Arabidopsis thaliana, which usually enter a close symbiosis with plants from the Fabaceae (legumes) family and produce a long-chain AHL (Sinorhizobium meliloti) or a short-chain AHL (Rhizobium etli). We demonstrate that, similarly to the reaction to pure AHL molecules, the impact, which the inoculation with rhizosphere bacteria has on plants, depends on the type of the produced AHL. The inoculation with oxo-C14-HSL-producing S. meliloti strains enhanced plant resistance towards pathogenic bacteria, whereas the inoculation with an AttM lactonase-expressing S. meliloti strain did not. Inoculation with the oxo-C8-HSL-producing R. etli had no impact on the resistance, which is in agreement with our previous hypothesis. In addition, plants seem to influence the availability of AHLs in the rhizosphere. Taken together, this report provides new insights in the role of N-acyl-homoserine lactones in the inter-kingdom communication at the root surface.
authors: Institute of Phytopathology and Applied Zoology, Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. azhar.a.zarkani@agrar.uni-giessen.de
authors: Azhar A
authors: AA
authors: Zarkani
authors: Elke
authors: E
authors: Stein
authors: Christian R
authors: CR
authors: Röhrich
authors: Marek
authors: M
authors: Schikora
authors: Elena
authors: E
authors: Evguenieva-Hackenberg
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Degenkolb
authors: Andreas
authors: A
authors: Vilcinskas
authors: Gabriele
authors: G
authors: Klug
authors: Karl-Heinz
authors: KH
authors: Kogel
authors: Adam
authors: A
authors: Schikora
mesh_terms: D054742:Acyl-Butyrolactones / Q000378:metabolism*; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D060467:Disease Resistance; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D044224:Pseudomonas syringae / Q000502:physiology; D053038:Quorum Sensing; D012231:Rhizobium / Q000502:physiology*; D020579:Sinorhizobium / Q000502:physiology*; D013559:Symbiosis
chemical_list: D054742:Acyl-Butyrolactones
references: J Bacteriol. 1985 Sep;163(3):1210-4
references: 3897188
references: Res Microbiol. 2011 Sep;162(7):715-23
references: 21600980
references: New Phytol. 2008;180(2):511-523
references: 18657213
references: J Bacteriol. 2002 Jul;184(13):3466-75
references: 12057940
references: J Bacteriol. 2002 Oct;184(20):5686-95
references: 12270827
references: Arch Microbiol. 2003 Dec;180(6):494-7
references: 14593447
references: Res Microbiol. 2013 Sep;164(7):749-60
references: 23583723
references: J Chem Ecol. 2012 Jun;38(6):704-13
references: 22648507
references: Appl Environ Microbiol. 2001 Feb;67(2):575-85
references: 11157219
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Feb 4;100(3):1444-9
references: 12511600
references: J Bacteriol. 2005 Dec;187(24):8427-36
references: 16321947
references: Biotechniques. 1994 May;16(5):800-2
references: 8068328
references: J Bacteriol. 2005 Dec;187(23):7931-44
references: 16291666
references: Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 2012 May;25(5):677-83
references: 22250582
references: Plant Cell Environ. 2008 Oct;31(10):1497-509
references: 18657054
references: Plant Physiol. 2011 Nov;157(3):1407-18
references: 21940998
references: J Bacteriol. 2009 Jul;191(13):4372-82
references: 19395488
references: Plant Physiol. 2004 Jan;134(1):137-46
references: 14671013
references: J Gen Microbiol. 1974 Sep;84(1):188-98
references: 4612098
references: J Bacteriol. 2002 Sep;184(18):5067-76
references: 12193623
references: Plant Cell Environ. 2006 May;29(5):909-18
references: 17087474
references: Planta. 2008 Dec;229(1):73-85
references: 18766372
references: Appl Environ Microbiol. 2010 Jan;76(1):243-53
references: 19854927
references: Appl Environ Microbiol. 2001 Dec;67(12):5761-70
references: 11722933
references: J Bacteriol. 1994 May;176(10):2796-806
references: 8188582
references: Plant Physiol. 2008 Mar;146(3):1293-304
references: 18218967
references: FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 2006 May;56(2):188-94
references: 16629749
references: Plant Signal Behav. 2012 Feb;7(2):178-81
references: 22307043
references: Plant Physiol. 2012 Feb;158(2):725-36
references: 22138973
references: Microbiology (Reading). 2002 Apr;148(Pt 4):1119-1127
references: 11932456
references: PLoS One. 2011;6(12):e29382
references: 22216267
references: Sensors (Basel). 2012;12(4):4156-71
references: 22666024
references: Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 2003 Sep;16(9):827-34
references: 12971606
references: PLoS One. 2012;7(5):e38122
references: 22675441
references: Mol Microbiol. 1996 Apr;20(1):127-36
references: 8861211