title: Ocean in peril: reforming the management of global ocean living resources in areas beyond national jurisdiction.
abstract: This article presents the outcome of research aimed at assisting governments in meeting their commitments and legal obligations for sustainable fisheries, based on increasing evidence that global fisheries are in crisis. The article assesses the effectiveness of the existing legal and institutional framework for high seas living resources. It focuses on: (1) the role of regional fisheries management organizations (RFMOs); (2) tools for compliance and enforcement to stem illegal fishing; and (3) mechanisms for habitat protection. The article further highlights a variety of options for addressing key weaknesses and gaps in current ocean governance, including United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) resolutions, reforms at the regional level, as well as a possible new legal instrument, with a view to informing international discussions on ways to ensure the sustainable use of high seas resources without compromising the health of the marine environment.
authors: IUCN Global Marine and Polar Program, 105 Irving Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. Electronic address: kgjerde@eip.com.pl.
authors: Kristina M
authors: KM
authors: Gjerde
authors: Duncan
authors: D
authors: Currie
authors: Kateryna
authors: K
authors: Wowk
authors: Karen
authors: K
authors: Sack
mesh_terms: D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000379:methods*; D004777:Environment; D005398:Fisheries / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000379:methods*; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D007391:International Cooperation; D038622:Internationality; D009792:Oceans and Seas
keywords: Compliance; Conservation; Enforcement; Governance; High seas; Regional fisheries management organizations