title: Adaptor protein complex 2-mediated endocytosis is crucial for male reproductive organ development in Arabidopsis.
abstract: Fertilization in flowering plants requires the temporal and spatial coordination of many developmental processes, including pollen production, anther dehiscence, ovule production, and pollen tube elongation. However, it remains elusive as to how this coordination occurs during reproduction. Here, we present evidence that endocytosis, involving heterotetrameric adaptor protein complex 2 (AP-2), plays a crucial role in fertilization. An Arabidopsis thaliana mutant ap2m displays multiple defects in pollen production and viability, as well as elongation of staminal filaments and pollen tubes, all of which are pivotal processes needed for fertilization. Of these abnormalities, the defects in elongation of staminal filaments and pollen tubes were partially rescued by exogenous auxin. Moreover, DR5rev:GFP (for green fluorescent protein) expression was greatly reduced in filaments and anthers in ap2m mutant plants. At the cellular level, ap2m mutants displayed defects in both endocytosis of N-(3-triethylammonium-propyl)-4-(4-diethylaminophenylhexatrienyl) pyridinium dibromide, a lypophilic dye used as an endocytosis marker, and polar localization of auxin-efflux carrier PIN FORMED2 (PIN2) in the stamen filaments. Moreover, these defects were phenocopied by treatment with Tyrphostin A23, an inhibitor of endocytosis. Based on these results, we propose that AP-2-dependent endocytosis plays a crucial role in coordinating the multiple developmental aspects of male reproductive organs by modulating cellular auxin level through the regulation of the amount and polarity of PINs.
authors: Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea.
authors: Soo Youn
authors: SY
authors: Kim
authors: Zheng-Yi
authors: ZY
authors: Xu
authors: Kyungyoung
authors: K
authors: Song
authors: Dae Heon
authors: DH
authors: Kim
authors: Hyangju
authors: H
authors: Kang
authors: Ilka
authors: I
authors: Reichardt
authors: Eun Ju
authors: EJ
authors: Sohn
authors: Jirí
authors: J
authors: Friml
authors: Gerd
authors: G
authors: Juergens
authors: Inhwan
authors: I
authors: Hwang
mesh_terms: D033962:Adaptor Protein Complex 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002966:Clathrin / Q000378:metabolism; D003600:Cytosol / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004705:Endocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D005306:Fertilization / Q000187:drug effects; D018525:Germination / Q000187:drug effects; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D011058:Pollen / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D053205:Pollen Tube / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000187:drug effects; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D012639:Seeds / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D033962:Adaptor Protein Complex 2; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D002966:Clathrin; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids; C117013:AT5G57090 protein, Arabidopsis
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