title: Quantitative evaluation of apical extrusion of intracanal bacteria using K3, Mtwo, RaCe and protaper rotary systems: An in vitro study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This aim of this study was to evaluate the number of bacteria extruded apically during root canal preparation using Four Rotary instrumentation techniques.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 50 extracted mandibular premolars were selected, access cavities prepared and inserted in to rubber stoppers of 10 mL glass vial. Root canals were contaminated with a suspension of Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 29212 and incubated for 24 h at 37°C. Debris extruded from the apical foramen during instrumentation was collected into vials. The numbers of Colony-forming units were determined for each sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  The data obtained were analyzed using the one-way ANOVA followed by post-hoc tukey's test with a P = 0.05 as the level for statistical significance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results suggested a statistically significant difference in the number of colony forming units between four experimental rotary Nickel-Titanium instrumentation groups (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although, extrusion of bacteria was found in all the experimental groups. There was less bacterial extrusion in K3 Group while more bacterial extrusion was seen in Mtwo Group.
authors: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sibar Institute of Dental Sciences, Guntur, India.
authors: Roopadevi
authors: R
authors: Garlapati
authors: Bhuvan Shome
authors: BS
authors: Venigalla
authors: Jayaprakash D
authors: JD
authors: Patil
authors: Rvsc
authors: R
authors: Raju
authors: Chintamani
authors: C
authors: Rammohan
keywords: Apical extrusion; colony forming units; debris and rotary nickel-titanium instruments
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