title: The association of depressive symptoms and pulmonary function in healthy adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chronic lung disease is exacerbated by comorbid psychiatric issues and treatment of depression may improve disease symptoms. We sought to add to the literature as to whether depression is associated with pulmonary function in healthy adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 2551 healthy adults from New York State, we studied the association of depression via the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CES-D) scale score and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) using general linear models and a cross-sectional design.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified statistically significant inverse trends in FEV1, FVC, FEV1%, and FVC% by CES-D category, especially in ever-smokers and men. When adjusted for covariates, the difference in FEV1 and FEV1% for smokers with more than 18.5 lifetime pack-years from CES-D scores 0 to 3 to 16 or more (depressed) is approximately 0.25 l and 5.0% (adjusted p values for trend are <.001 and .019, respectively). In men, we also observed statistically significant inverse trends in pulmonary function with increasing CES-D.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We identified an inverse association of depressive symptoms and pulmonary function in healthy adults, especially in men and individuals with a heavy smoking history. Further studies of these associations are essential for the development and tailoring of interventions for the prevention and treatment of chronic lung disease.
authors: Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University at Buffalo, 270 Farber Hall, Buffalo, NY 14214-8001. hmochs2@buffalo.edu.
authors: Heather M
authors: HM
authors: Ochs-Balcom
authors: William
authors: W
authors: Lainhart
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Mnatsakanova
authors: Luenda E
authors: LE
authors: Charles
authors: John M
authors: JM
authors: Violanti
authors: Michael E
authors: ME
authors: Andrew
authors: Jo L
authors: JL
authors: Freudenheim
authors: Paola
authors: P
authors: Muti
authors: Maurizio
authors: M
authors: Trevisan
authors: Cecil M
authors: CM
authors: Burchfiel
authors: Holger J
authors: HJ
authors: Schünemann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000886:Anthropometry; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008168:Lung / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009518:New York / Q000453:epidemiology; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D057566:Self Report; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014797:Vital Capacity / Q000502:physiology
keywords: chronic lung disease; depression; pulmonary disease; respiratory function tests
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