title: Safety analysis of a hemostatic powder in a porcine model of acute severe gastric bleeding.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Non-variceal upper gastrointestinal (UGI) bleeding is a common condition that requires prompt lifesaving therapy and traditional endoscopic treatments require high technical proficiency to perform.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study was conducted to identify any local or systemic histopathologic effects of a hemostatic powder in a porcine model of active, severe, non-variceal UGI hemorrhage.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective, non-blinded animal study was performed in accordance with Good Laboratory Practice and Animal Care and Use Guidelines. Six animals underwent gastrotomy and creation of a looped vascular bundle, which was placed into the stomach lumen. The transplanted vascular bundle was punctured with an endoscopic needle-knife to create Forrest grade Ia or Ib bleeding. The hemostatic powder was then applied until hemostasis was achieved.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Initial hemostasis was achieved in all animals. Results of pre- and post-treatment coagulation studies were similar. All animals survived at least 9 days post-procedure. The hemostatic powder was not found in any local, regional, or systemic tissues. Gross and histologic analysis of systemic organs showed no infarct, particulate, or embolic effects. No gross or microscopic necropsy findings were treatment-related.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The hemostatic powder achieved initial hemostasis (even in animals with spurting arterial bleeding) with no bowel obstruction or unintended luminal effects, no local or regional particulate effects, no systemic embolic effects, and no systemic coagulopathic effects.
authors: Center for Digestive Health, 1817 North Mills Avenue, Orlando, FL, 32803, USA, samgiday@gmail.com.
authors: Samuel
authors: S
authors: Giday
authors: William
authors: W
authors: Van Alstine
authors: John
authors: J
authors: Van Vleet
authors: Richard
authors: R
authors: Ducharme
authors: Eric
authors: E
authors: Brandner
authors: Madalina
authors: M
authors: Florea
authors: Krystal
authors: K
authors: Johnston
authors: Jose
authors: J
authors: Negron-Garcia
authors: Kimberly
authors: K
authors: Ringenberger
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D005773:Gastroscopy; D006490:Hemostatics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008903:Minerals / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011208:Powders; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013272:Stomach Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D006490:Hemostatics; D008903:Minerals; D011208:Powders; C581750:hemospray
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