title: Initial symbiont contact orchestrates host-organ-wide transcriptional changes that prime tissue colonization.
abstract: Upon transit to colonization sites, bacteria often experience critical priming that prepares them for subsequent, specific interactions with the host; however, the underlying mechanisms are poorly described. During initiation of the symbiosis between the bacterium Vibrio fischeri and its squid host, which can be observed directly and in real time, approximately five V. fischeri cells aggregate along the mucociliary membranes of a superficial epithelium prior to entering host tissues. Here, we show that these few early host-associated symbionts specifically induce robust changes in host gene expression that are critical to subsequent colonization steps. This exquisitely sensitive response to the host's specific symbiotic partner includes the upregulation of a host endochitinase, whose activity hydrolyzes polymeric chitin in the mucus into chitobiose, thereby priming the symbiont and also producing a chemoattractant gradient that promotes V. fischeri migration into host tissues. Thus, the host responds transcriptionally upon initial symbiont contact, which facilitates subsequent colonization.
authors: Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA. natacha.kremer@normalesup.org
authors: Natacha
authors: N
authors: Kremer
authors: Eva E R
authors: EE
authors: Philipp
authors: Marie-Christine
authors: MC
authors: Carpentier
authors: Caitlin A
authors: CA
authors: Brennan
authors: Lars
authors: L
authors: Kraemer
authors: Melissa A
authors: MA
authors: Altura
authors: René
authors: R
authors: Augustin
authors: Robert
authors: R
authors: Häsler
authors: Elizabeth A C
authors: EA
authors: Heath-Heckman
authors: Suzanne M
authors: SM
authors: Peyer
authors: Julia
authors: J
authors: Schwartzman
authors: Bethany A
authors: BA
authors: Rader
authors: Edward G
authors: EG
authors: Ruby
authors: Philip
authors: P
authors: Rosenstiel
authors: Margaret J
authors: MJ
authors: McFall-Ngai
mesh_terms: D048908:Aliivibrio fischeri / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D002630:Chemotactic Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D002686:Chitin / Q000378:metabolism; D002688:Chitinases / Q000378:metabolism; D049832:Decapodiformes / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000502:physiology*; D004187:Disaccharides / Q000378:metabolism; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009093:Mucus / Q000378:metabolism; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013559:Symbiosis
chemical_list: D002630:Chemotactic Factors; D004187:Disaccharides; D002686:Chitin; C032438:chitobiose; D002688:Chitinases
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