title: Effects of the menstrual cycle on injection pain due to rocuronium.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of the menstrual cycle on rocuronium injection pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized, double-blinded study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Academic medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  80 ASA physical status 1 and 2 women scheduled for elective surgery with general anesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were divided into two groups according to their time in the menstrual cycle. Forty patients at days 8 to 12 of the menstrual cycle were considered to be at the follicular phase (Group F), and 40 patients at days 20 to 24 of the menstrual cycle were considered to be at the luteal phase (Group L).Withdrawal movements were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall frequency of withdrawal movements was significantly higher in Group L than Group F (P < 0.001). The mean withdrawal movement score was 1.77 ± 0.76 in Group L and 0.52 ± 0.67 in Group F.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Menstrual cycle phases affect the severity of rocuronium injection pain. Women exhibit greater pain sensitivity from rocuronium injection in the luteal phase than the follicular phase.
authors: Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Kecioren Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. Electronic address: mehtaphonca@hotmail.com.
authors: Mehtap
authors: M
authors: Honca
authors: Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Gulhane Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey.
authors: Tarık
authors: T
authors: Purtuloglu
authors: Department of Medical Biochemistry, Gulhane Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey.
authors: Tevfik
authors: T
authors: Honca
authors: Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Gulhane Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey.
authors: Ali
authors: A
authors: Sizlan
authors: Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Gulhane Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey.
authors: Suleyman
authors: S
authors: Deniz
authors: Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Kirikkale University School of Medicine, Kirikkale, Turkey.
authors: Arzu
authors: A
authors: Kose
authors: Department of Environmental Health, Gulhane Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey.
authors: Recai
authors: R
authors: Ogur
authors: Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Kecioren Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors: Eyup
authors: E
authors: Horasanlı
mesh_terms: D000046:Academic Medical Centers; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000732:Androstanols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000379:methods; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D017558:Elective Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005498:Follicular Phase / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008183:Luteal Phase / Q000502:physiology; D008597:Menstrual Cycle / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology; D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010146:Pain / Q000139:chemically induced*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D000077123:Rocuronium; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000732:Androstanols; D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents; D000077123:Rocuronium
keywords: Injection pain; Menstrual cycle; Rocuronium