title: Determination of chlorophenols in water by headspace solid phase microextraction ion mobility spectrometry (HS-SPME-IMS).
abstract: Chlorophenols (CPs) as persistent toxic compounds are of worldwide environmental concern. Usage of chlorinated phenols, especially pentachlorophenol (PCP), has been restricted or widely banned in many countries due to their possible adverse health effects even at low concentrations. Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) has received increasing interest in environmental applications due to its unique characteristics, such as portability and speed of analysis. A range of sample introduction methods combined with IMS enable analysis from different environmental matrices. This study utilised headspace solid phase microextraction IMS (HS-SPME-IMS) in the determination of CPs from water samples. The extraction conditions were examined and the method was applied to real water samples. The developed method is suitable to detect CPs at milligram per liter level in water. Based on the results, SPME-IMS setup is feasible as an early warning system for water monitoring of pollutants present in drinking or surface water in case of environmental accidents or leakages.
authors: Lappeenranta University of Technology, LUT School of Technology, Department of Energy and Environmental Technology, Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Sammonkatu 12, 50130 Mikkeli, Finland. sanna.holopainen@lut.fi
authors: Sanna
authors: S
authors: Holopainen
authors: Ville
authors: V
authors: Luukkonen
authors: Marjaana
authors: M
authors: Nousiainen
authors: Mika
authors: M
authors: Sillanpää
mesh_terms: D002733:Chlorophenols / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D005387:Finland; D060106:Lakes / Q000737:chemistry; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D002733:Chlorophenols; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: 2,3,4, 6-TeCP; 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol; 2,4,6-TCP; 2,4,6-trichlorophenol; CAR/PDMS; CP; CW/TPR; Carbowax/templated resin; Carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane; Chlorophenol; Chlorophenols; Environmental health; GC–MS; Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry; HF-LPME; HPLC; HS-SPME-IMS; Headspace solid phase microextraction; High performance liquid chromatography; Hollow fibre liquid phase microextraction; IMS; Ion mobility spectrometry; LC/ESI-IMS; LOD; Limit of detection; Liquid chromatography/electrospray ion mobility spectrometry; Mass flow controller; Mfc; PA; PCP; PDMS/DVB; PTFE; Pentachlorophenol; Polyacrylate; Polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene; Polytetrafluoroethylene; RIN; Reactant ion negative; SBSE; SPME; Solid phase microextraction; Stir bar sorptive extraction; TD; Thermal desorption; UV-Vis; Ultraviolet-visible; Water quality