title: Temperamental characteristics in childhood migraine without aura: a multicenter study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Children with migraine seem to be more anxious, sensitive, deliberate, cautious, fearful, vulnerable to frustration, tidy, and less physically enduring than comparisons. To the best our knowledge no studies about the temperamental and the characterial dimension aspects in childhood migraine was conducted. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to describe the temperamental and character aspects in a sample of children affected by migraine without aura (MoA) and their relationship with clinical aspects of MoA such as frequency, duration, and severity of attacks.
  
  
  METHODS
  In our study, 486 children affected by MoA (239 male, 247 female) aged 7-12 years, (mean 10.04 ± 2.53 years) and 518 typical developing children comparable for age (P = 0.227) and sex (P = 0.892) were enrolled to assess their temperamental characteristics. The mothers of all subjects filled out the Junior Temperament and Character Inventory: Parent Version.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Children affected by migraine show a higher prevalence of harm avoidance and persistence temperamental domains (P < 0.001) and significantly lower prevalence of the self-directedness character trait (P = 0.023) with respect to the comparisons, according to Cloninger's model. The Spearman rank correlation analysis shows a significant relationship between migraine characteristics and temperamental domains.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study first identified differences in temperamental characteristics in children affected by MoA with respect to the comparisons, suggesting the need for this evaluation in order for better psychological pediatric management of children with migraine, with possible consequences and impact on the future outcomes of these subjects.
authors: Center for Childhood Headache, Clinic of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Department of Mental Health, Physical and Preventive Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
authors: Maria
authors: M
authors: Esposito
authors: Rosa
authors: R
authors: Marotta
authors: Beatrice
authors: B
authors: Gallai
authors: Lucia
authors: L
authors: Parisi
authors: Giuseppina
authors: G
authors: Patriciello
authors: Serena Marianna
authors: SM
authors: Lavano
authors: Giovanni
authors: G
authors: Mazzotta
authors: Michele
authors: M
authors: Roccella
authors: Marco
authors: M
authors: Carotenuto
keywords: JTCI; children; migraine without aura; temperament
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