title: Predictors of executive complaints and executive deficits in multiple sclerosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate executive complaints and objective executive deficits and their relations to both depression and neurological function in multiple sclerosis (MS).
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and twenty MS patients participating in multidisciplinary rehabilitation underwent assessment with the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), neuropsychological tests of executive function, self-report measures of executive function (BRIEF-A), and depression (BDI-II).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multivariate regression analysis showed that moderate depression and above (BDI-II > 20) significantly predicted a high degree of subjective executive complaints. Multivariate regression analysis showed that EDSS scores above 4.3 significantly predicted executive cognitive deficit, measured by neuropsychological tests.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among the study variables, depression was the strongest predictor of executive complaints. A high degree of neurological disability was the strongest predictor for executive deficit, measured by neuropsychological tests.
authors: Multiple Sclerosis Centre Hakadal, Norway, Oslo, Norway; Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
authors: K T
authors: KT
authors: Hanssen
authors: A G
authors: AG
authors: Beiske
authors: N I
authors: NI
authors: Landrø
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Hessen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D056344:Executive Function / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000502:physiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000150:complications*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D044563:RNA, Ribosomal, Self-Splicing
chemical_list: D044563:RNA, Ribosomal, Self-Splicing
keywords: Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult; depression; executive complaints; executive deficit; multiple sclerosis; neurological disability