title: Regulatory mechanisms for glycogenolysis and K+ uptake in brain astrocytes.
abstract: Recent advances in brain energy metabolism support the notion that glycogen in astrocytes is necessary for the clearance of neuronally-released K(+) from the extracellular space. However, how the multiple metabolic pathways involved in K(+)-induced increase in glycogen turnover are regulated is only partly understood. Here we summarize the current knowledge about the mechanisms that control glycogen metabolism during enhanced K(+) uptake. We also describe the action of the ubiquitous Na(+)/K(+) ATPase for both ion transport and intracellular signaling cascades, and emphasize its importance in understanding the complex relation between glycogenolysis and K(+) uptake.
authors: MARBILab, Museo storico della fisica e Centro di studi e ricerche "Enrico Fermi", Rome, Italy. Electronic address: mauro.dinuzzo@roma1.infn.it.
authors: Mauro
authors: M
authors: DiNuzzo
authors: Silvia
authors: S
authors: Mangia
authors: Bruno
authors: B
authors: Maraviglia
authors: Federico
authors: F
authors: Giove
mesh_terms: D001253:Astrocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006003:Glycogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D011188:Potassium / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D006003:Glycogen; D011188:Potassium
keywords: 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-d-arabinitol; 4,4′-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid; AE; AMP-activated protein kinase; AMPK; Astrocytes; CA; CTS; DAB; DIDS; EGFR; ERK; GBD; GP; GS; GSK3; Glycogen; Glycogen phosphorylase; IP3R; L-type voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channel; LCC; MEK; NBC; NCX; NKA; NKCC; Na(+)/ cotransporter; Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger; Na(+)/K(+) ATPase; Na(+)/K(+)/2Cl(−) cotransporter; Nax; PDE; PI3K; PKA; PKB/Akt; PKC; PLC; PhK; Potassium; Raf; Ras; anion exchanger; cAMP-dependent protein kinase A; carbonic anhydrase; cardiotonic steroids; epidermal growth factor receptor; extracellular Na(+) level sensitive Na(+) channel; extracellular-signal regulated kinase; glycogen binding domain; glycogen phosphorylase; glycogen synthase; glycogen synthase kinase 3; inositol trisphosphate receptor; mitogen-activated protein and extracellular-signal regulated kinase; phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase; phosphodiesterase; phospholipase C; phosphorylase kinase; protein kinase B; protein kinase C; rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma; rat sarcoma; sAC; soluble adenylate cyclase.
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