title: Comparison of the clinical effectiveness of zanamivir and laninamivir octanoate for children with influenza A(H3N2) and B in the 2011-2012 season.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of the two inhaled neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs), zanamivir (ZN) and laninamivir octate (LO), for influenza A(H3N2) and B virus infections.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, multicenter observational study was conducted from January to April in 2012.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outpatients aged 5-18 years who had a temperature of 37.5°C or higher and were diagnosed as having influenza based on an immunochromatographic assay were enrolled.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 338 patients treated with ZN and 314 patients treated with LO were compared.
  
  
  METHODS
  The duration of fever after administration of the first dose of each NAI was evaluated as a primary endpoint. The secondary endpoint was episodes of biphasic fever.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No statistically significant difference in the duration of fever was found between the ZN and LO groups (log-rank test, P = 0.117). A logistic regression model showed that episodes of biphasic fever increased by 1.19 times for every decrease of 1 year of age (P = 0.016) and that the number of biphasic fever episodes in patients treated with LO was 5.80-times greater than that in patients treated with ZN (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the duration of fever in the LO group was comparable to that in the ZN group, episodes of biphasic fever were more frequent in younger children and in the LO group than in the ZN group.
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors: Naoko
authors: N
authors: Koseki
authors: Miki
authors: M
authors: Kaiho
authors: Hideaki
authors: H
authors: Kikuta
authors: Koji
authors: K
authors: Oba
authors: Takehiro
authors: T
authors: Togashi
authors: Tadashi
authors: T
authors: Ariga
authors: Nobuhisa
authors: N
authors: Ishiguro
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002846:Chromatography, Affinity; D005260:Female; D005334:Fever / Q000175:diagnosis; D006146:Guanidines; D006801:Humans; D053122:Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D009981:Influenza B virus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology*; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011714:Pyrans; D012794:Sialic Acids; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D053243:Zanamivir / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D006146:Guanidines; D011714:Pyrans; D012794:Sialic Acids; C546918:laninamivir; D053243:Zanamivir
keywords: Biphasic fever; influenza; laninamivir octanoate; neuraminidase inhibitors; zanamivir
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