title: Direct observation of thermal relaxation in artificial spin ice.
abstract: We study the thermal relaxation of artificial spin ice with photoemission electron microscopy, and are able to directly observe how such a system finds its way from an energetically excited state to the ground state. On plotting vertex-type populations as a function of time, we can characterize the relaxation, which occurs in two stages, namely a string and a domain regime. Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations agree well with the temporal evolution of the magnetic state when including disorder, and the experimental results can be explained by considering the effective interaction energy associated with the separation of pairs of vertex excitations.
authors: Laboratory for Micro- and Nanotechnology, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Farhan
authors: P M
authors: PM
authors: Derlet
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Kleibert
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Balan
authors: R V
authors: RV
authors: Chopdekar
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Wyss
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Perron
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Scholl
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Nolting
authors: L J
authors: LJ
authors: Heyderman
mesh_terms: D007700:Kinetics; D008280:Magnetics; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D059346:Magnets / Q000737:chemistry*; D008854:Microscopy, Electron / Q000379:methods; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009010:Monte Carlo Method
chemical_list: D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles