title: Differences between periventricular hemorrhagic infarction and periventricular leukomalacia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To clarify the differences between infants with periventricular hemorrhagic infarction (PVHI) and those with periventricular leukomalacia (PVL).
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively evaluated the clinical features, ultrasonography, and electroencephalogram (EEG) findings in 22 preterm infants with PVHI and 49 with PVL. EEG and cranial ultrasonography were serially performed in all participants starting immediately after birth. Acute and chronic stage EEG abnormalities were evaluated separately.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gestational age and birth weight were significantly lower in infants with PVHI than those with PVL. EEGs were normal in the majority of infants with PVHI on days 1-2. However, EEG abnormalities appeared after ultrasonography abnormalities. The majority of infants with PVL showed acute-stage EEG abnormalities on days 1-2. The rate of infants with acute-stage EEG abnormalities decreased with age, whereas the rate of infants with chronic-stage EEG abnormalities increased with age. Normal EEG before ultrasonography abnormalities was more common in infants with PVHI than in those with PVL. However, deterioration of acute-stage EEG abnormalities was more frequent in infants with PVHI than in those with PVL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PVHI was presumed to cause mostly postnatal injury, whereas PVL was presumed to cause mostly pre-or perinatal injury.
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Okazaki City Hospital, Okazaki, Japan.
authors: Takeshi
authors: T
authors: Tsuji
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: okumura@juntendo.ac.jp.
authors: Akihisa
authors: A
authors: Okumura
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Anjo Kosei Hospital, Anjo, Japan.
authors: Hiroyuki
authors: H
authors: Kidokoro
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Okazaki City Hospital, Okazaki, Japan.
authors: Fumio
authors: F
authors: Hayakawa
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Anjo Kosei Hospital, Anjo, Japan.
authors: Tetsuo
authors: T
authors: Kubota
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Anjo Kosei Hospital, Anjo, Japan.
authors: Koichi
authors: K
authors: Maruyama
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Okazaki City Hospital, Okazaki, Japan.
authors: Toru
authors: T
authors: Kato
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki, Japan.
authors: Makoto
authors: M
authors: Oshiro
authors: Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
authors: Masahiro
authors: M
authors: Hayakawa
authors: Faculty of Medical Welfare, Aichi Shukutoku University, Nagoya, Japan.
authors: Kazuyoshi
authors: K
authors: Watanabe
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020520:Brain Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002552:Cerebral Ventricles / Q000473:pathology; D004569:Electroencephalography; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020300:Intracranial Hemorrhages / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007969:Leukomalacia, Periventricular / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014463:Ultrasonography
keywords: Electroencephalography; Gestational age; Periventricular hemorrhagic infarction; Periventricular leukomalacia; Timing of brain injury