title: Ecological risks of polycyclic musk in soils irrigated with reclaimed municipal wastewater.
abstract: HHCB (1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8-hexamethylcyclopenta-c-2-benzopyrane) and AHTN (7-acetyl-1,1,3,4,4,6-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene) are found in reclaimed municipal wastewater. They may accumulate in soils receiving long-term application of reclaimed water thus adversely impact the soil biota. We evaluated the extent of their accumulation in receiving soils using HYDRUS-1D based on reclaimed municipal wastewater irrigation data at a public park in Beijing. The potential for ecological harms were assessed according to tested and reported outcomes of acute toxicity tests using wheat (Triticum aetivum L), earthworm (Eisenia fetida) and springtail (Bourletiella hortensis) as target organisms. Results of comparison among EC50 values from wheat, earthworm and springtail showed the EC50 value for root elongation inhibition of wheat germination was the least. Based on the least EC50, predicted no effect concentration in soils were 290 and 320ng /g for HHCB and ATHN, respectively. Comparable results from simulation to experimental and field investigating date validated the using of HYDRUS-1D in the work. Results of risk prediction showed it would take 243 and 666 years for HHCB and AHTN accumulated in soils at current irrigation practice to reach the levels for the resulting risk characterization ratios (RCRs) to cause potential ecosystem harms.
authors: State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
authors: Meie
authors: M
authors: Wang
authors: Chi
authors: C
authors: Peng
authors: Weiping
authors: W
authors: Chen
authors: Bernd
authors: B
authors: Markert
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001181:Arthropods / Q000187:drug effects; D002681:China; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004463:Ecology; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D009835:Oligochaeta / Q000187:drug effects; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute; D014908:Triticum / Q000187:drug effects; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D012987:Soil; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C008563:musk
keywords: AHTN (7-acetyl-1,1,3,4,4,6-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene); HHCB (1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8-hexamethylcyclopenta-c-2-benzopyrane); HYDRUS-1D, risk assessment; Predicted no effect concentration (PNEC); Risk characterization ratio (RCR)