title: Child Behavior Checklist-Mania Scale (CBCL-MS): development and evaluation of a population-based screening scale for bipolar disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Early identification of Bipolar Disorder (BD) remains poor despite the high levels of disability associated with the disorder.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We developed and evaluated a new DSM orientated scale for the identification of young people at risk for BD based on the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and compared its performance against the CBCL-Pediatric Bipolar Disorder (CBCL-PBD) and the CBCL-Externalizing Scale, the two most widely used scales.
  
  
  METHODS
  The new scale, CBCL-Mania Scale (CBCL-MS), comprises 19 CBCL items that directly correspond to operational criteria for mania. We tested the reliability, longitudinal stability and diagnostic accuracy of the CBCL-MS on data from the TRacking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey (TRAILS), a prospective epidemiological cohort study of 2230 Dutch youths assessed with the CBCL at ages 11, 13 and 16. At age 19 lifetime psychiatric diagnoses were ascertained with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. We compared the predictive ability of the CBCL-MS against the CBCL-Externalising Scale and the CBCL-PBD in the TRAILS sample.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The CBCL-MS had high internal consistency and satisfactory accuracy (area under the curve = 0.64) in this general population sample. Principal Component Analyses, followed by parallel analyses and confirmatory factor analyses, identified four factors corresponding to distractibility/disinhibition, psychosis, increased libido and disrupted sleep. This factor structure remained stable across all assessment ages. Logistic regression analyses showed that the CBCL-MS had significantly higher predictive ability than both the other scales.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data demonstrate that the CBCL-MS is a promising screening instrument for BD. The factor structure of the CBCL-MS showed remarkable temporal stability between late childhood and early adulthood suggesting that it maps on to meaningful developmental dimensions of liability to BD.
authors: Child Psychiatry Department, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
authors: Efstathios
authors: E
authors: Papachristou
authors: Johan
authors: J
authors: Ormel
authors: Albertine J
authors: AJ
authors: Oldehinkel
authors: Marinos
authors: M
authors: Kyriakopoulos
authors: María
authors: M
authors: Reinares
authors: Abraham
authors: A
authors: Reichenberg
authors: Sophia
authors: S
authors: Frangou
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001519:Behavior; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis*; D057189:Checklist; D002648:Child; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D006801:Humans; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012306:Risk; D055815:Young Adult
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