title: Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and proanthocyanidins improve postprandial metabolic flexibility in rat.
abstract: Postprandial lipemia influences the development of atherosclerosis, which itself constitutes a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases. The introduction of bioactive compounds may prevent these deleterious effects. Proanthocyanidins are potent antioxidants that have hypolipidemic properties, while omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3 PUFAs) stimulate fatty acid oxidation and gene expression programs, controlling mitochondrial functions. In this study, we investigated the effects of acute treatment of ω3 PUFAs and proanthocyanidins on the metabolic flexibility and lipid handling profiles in the skeletal muscle and adipose tissue of rats that were raised on diets, high in saturated fatty acids. For this, oil rich in docosahexaenoic (DHA-OR), grape seed proanthocyanidins extract (GSPE), or both substances (GSPE + DHA-OR) were administered with an overload of lard oil to healthy Wistar rats. Our results indicate that the addition of DHA-OR to lard oil increases insulin sensitivity and redirects fatty acids toward skeletal muscle, thereby activating fatty acid oxidation. We also observed an improvement in adipose mitochondrial functionality and uncoupling. In contrast, GSPE lowers lipidemia, prevents muscle reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and damage, furthermore, activates mitochondrial biogenesis and lipogenesis in adipose tissue. The addition of GSPE+DHA-OR to lard resulted in nearly all the effects of DHA-OR and GSPE administered individually, but the combined administration resulted in a more attenuated profile.
authors: Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
authors: Ester
authors: E
authors: Casanova
authors: Laura
authors: L
authors: Baselga-Escudero
authors: Aleix
authors: A
authors: Ribas-Latre
authors: Anna
authors: A
authors: Arola-Arnal
authors: Cinta
authors: C
authors: Bladé
authors: Lluís
authors: L
authors: Arola
authors: M Josepa
authors: MJ
authors: Salvadó
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000378:metabolism; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D056604:Grape Seed Extract / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006706:Homeostasis; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D008931:Mitochondria, Muscle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D019518:Postprandial Period / Q000187:drug effects*; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D056604:Grape Seed Extract; C511402:Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D044945:Proanthocyanidins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; C029310:lard
keywords: adipose tissue; docosahexaenoic acid; metabolic flexibility; proanthocyanidins; skeletal muscle