title: NURTURE: development and pilot testing of a novel parenting intervention for mothers with histories of an eating disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the treatment development and pilot testing of a group parenting intervention, NURTURE (Networking, Uniting, and Reaching out To Upgrade Relationships and Eating), for mothers with histories of eating disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  Based on focus group findings, extant research, and expert opinion, NURTURE was designed to be delivered weekly over 16 (1.5 h) sessions via an interactive web conferencing forum. It comprises four modules: (1) laying the foundation, (2) general parenting skills, (3) eating and feeding, and (4) breaking the cycle of risk. Pilot testing was conducted with three groups of 3-6 mothers (N = 13) who had children ages 0-3 years to determine feasibility (e.g., retention), acceptability (e.g., feedback questionnaire responses), and preliminary efficacy. Maternal satisfaction with NURTURE and changes in mother-child feeding relationship measures, maternal feeding style, maternal self-efficacy, and maternal psychopathology (eating disorder, depression, and anxiety symptoms) across three time points (baseline, post-treatment, 6-month follow-up) were examined. All outcomes were exploratory.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The intervention was well tolerated with a 100% retention rate. Feedback from mothers was generally positive and indicated that the groups provided an engaging, supportive experience to participants. We observed changes suggestive of improvement in self-reported maternal self-efficacy and competence with parenting. There were no notable changes in measures of maternal feeding style or psychopathology.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NURTURE is a feasible, acceptable, and potentially valuable intervention for mothers with eating disorder histories. Results of this pilot will inform a larger randomized-controlled intervention to determine efficacy and impact on child outcomes.
authors: Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
authors: Cristin D
authors: CD
authors: Runfola
authors: Nancy L
authors: NL
authors: Zucker
authors: Ann
authors: A
authors: Von Holle
authors: Suzanne
authors: S
authors: Mazzeo
authors: Eric A
authors: EA
authors: Hodges
authors: Eliana M
authors: EM
authors: Perrin
authors: Margaret E
authors: ME
authors: Bentley
authors: T Frances
authors: TF
authors: Ulman
authors: Elizabeth R
authors: ER
authors: Hoffman
authors: Sarah
authors: S
authors: Forsberg
authors: Monica
authors: M
authors: Algars
authors: Stephanie
authors: S
authors: Zerwas
authors: Emily M
authors: EM
authors: Pisetsky
authors: Colie
authors: C
authors: Taico
authors: Rebecca A
authors: RA
authors: Kuhns
authors: Robert M
authors: RM
authors: Hamer
authors: Cynthia M
authors: CM
authors: Bulik
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D030141:Feedback, Psychological; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D001068:Feeding and Eating Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008425:Maternal Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D009035:Mothers / Q000193:education / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009657:North Carolina; D016487:Parenting / Q000523:psychology; D010865:Pilot Projects; D020377:Self Efficacy; D012657:Self-Help Groups; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: anorexia; bulimia; eating disorder; mother; parenting intervention
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