title: Effects of simulated heliox diving at high altitudes on blood cells, liver functions and renal functions.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of simulated heliox diving at high altitudes on divers' blood cells, liver functions and renal functions. In this experiment, four divers lived for nine consecutive days in a dual-function high-low pressure chamber, which simulated air pressure at an altitude of 3,000 meters and at a 30-meter depth; an altitude of 4,000 meters and 30-meter depth; and at an altitude of 5,200 meters and 30 meters and 50 meters in depth. Total time underwater was 60 minutes. The subjects breathed heliox (with oxygen at 40% and helium at 60%) during the simulated 30-meter dive from zero altitude to 30 meters and while remaining underwater; they breathed air while ascending from 30 meters to 18. They breathed heliox (with oxygen at 26.7% and helium at 73.3%) in the simulated dive from zero altitude to 50 meters underwater, in remaining underwater and in ascending from 50 meters to 29; air while ascending from 29 meters to 18. Pure oxygen was breathed while ascending from 18 meters to the surface; then air. Results indicated: (1) the correlating indices of routine blood, liver and renal functions, and urine routine were all within normal reference ranges; and (2) the indices tested at other periods of time were not significantly different (p > 0.05) from the results at zero-meter level and 3,000-meter level. The study suggests that the heliox diving processes at different high altitudes simulated in this experiment have no significant impact upon divers' blood routine, liver functions and renal functions.
authors: Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, Navy General Hospital, Beijing, PR China.
authors: Hui-Jun
authors: HJ
authors: Hu
authors: Dan-Feng
authors: DF
authors: Fan
authors: Yan
authors: Y
authors: Lv
authors: Yu
authors: Y
authors: Zhang
authors: Chen
authors: C
authors: Yang
authors: Ling
authors: L
authors: Zhao
authors: Ru-Gang
authors: RG
authors: Zhao
authors: Xiao-Wen
authors: XW
authors: Pan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000531:Altitude; D001273:Atmosphere Exposure Chambers; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D001772:Blood Cell Count / Q000379:methods*; D003664:Decompression / Q000379:methods; D004242:Diving / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology; D006371:Helium / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007668:Kidney / Q000502:physiology*; D008099:Liver / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010100:Oxygen / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014556:Urine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D006371:Helium; C038949:heliox; D010100:Oxygen