title: Gait freezing and speech disturbance in Parkinson's disease.
abstract: Gait freezing and speech disturbance are disabling axial features of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the pathogenesis of these features remains unclear. We investigated the relation between changes in gait freezing and speech disturbance using visual and auditory cues in PD. 18 PD patients, comprising of 9 patients with freezing (PDGF) and 9 without gait freezing were studied. Patients performed a 7-m back-and-forth walk in a baseline state and with visual and auditory cues. Gait velocity, stride length and cadence were evaluated using a three-dimensional gait analysis system. For speech evaluation, patients read ten sentences in a baseline state and with visual and auditory cues. The time delay of speech initiation, speech rate and the number of repetitions per sentence were quantified. In PDGF patients, the increase in gait velocity positively correlated with the decrease in the time delay of the speech initiation. Also, the increase in the gait velocity and cadence positively correlated with the decrease in the number of repetitions per sentence. The increase in the stride length positively correlated with the increase in speech rate. Lastly, the increase in stride length positively correlated with the decrease in the number of repetitions per sentence. These findings suggest that there is a common pathomechanism of gait freezing and speech disturbance in PD.
authors: Department of Neurology, Inje University Ilsan-Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea.
authors: Hee Kyung
authors: HK
authors: Park
authors: Jong Yoon
authors: JY
authors: Yoo
authors: Miseon
authors: M
authors: Kwon
authors: Jae-Hong
authors: JH
authors: Lee
authors: Sook Joung
authors: SJ
authors: Lee
authors: Sung Reul
authors: SR
authors: Kim
authors: Mi Jung
authors: MJ
authors: Kim
authors: Myoung C
authors: MC
authors: Lee
authors: Sang Min
authors: SM
authors: Lee
authors: Sun Ju
authors: SJ
authors: Chung
mesh_terms: D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D020233:Gait Disorders, Neurologic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications*; D013064:Speech Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
references: J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol. 2008 Jun;21(2):104-10
references: 18474719
references: Neurology. 1967 May;17(5):427-42
references: 6067254
references: Mov Disord. 2008;23 Suppl 2:S461-7
references: 18668627
references: Am J Ophthalmol. 2000 Aug;130(2):261-2
references: 11004314
references: Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2000 Jul 1;6(3):165-170
references: 10817956
references: Neuroimage. 2003 Jul;19(3):764-76
references: 12880805
references: J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1992 Mar;55(3):181-4
references: 1564476
references: J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2010 Feb;81(2):177-84
references: 19793764
references: J Clin Neurosci. 2003 Sep;10(5):584-8
references: 12948464
references: Adv Neurol. 2001;87:191-7
references: 11347222
references: J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2010 May;81(5):513-8
references: 19758982
references: Mov Disord. 2007 Nov 15;22(15):2176-82
references: 17712844
references: Neuroimage. 2003 Nov;20 Suppl 1:S82-8
references: 14597300
references: Phys Ther. 2006 Feb;86(2):186-94
references: 16445332
references: Brain. 2011 Jan;134(Pt 1):59-72
references: 21126990
references: Mov Disord. 2008 Feb 15;23(3):395-400
references: 18067193
references: Neurology. 2001 Jun 26;56(12):1712-21
references: 11425939
references: Disabil Rehabil. 2006 Jun 15;28(11):721-8
references: 16809215
references: Mov Disord. 2007 Jul 30;22(10):1503-1506
references: 17516477
references: Neuroimage. 2007 Jan 15;34(2):714-23
references: 17113310
references: Brain Res Cogn Brain Res. 2005 Jul;24(2):237-51
references: 15993762
references: Mov Disord. 2008;23 Suppl 3:S521-33
references: 18781679
references: Mov Disord. 2008;23 Suppl 2:S475-81
references: 18668619
references: AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2012 Oct;33(9):1804-9
references: 22538070
references: Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2012 Jul;18(6):781-7
references: 22510204
references: J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2007;114(10):1349-53
references: 17576512
references: Neurology. 2012 Feb 7;78(6):409-16
references: 22282641
references: Mov Disord. 2010 Jun 15;25(8):1000-4
references: 20198644
references: Lancet Neurol. 2011 Aug;10(8):734-44
references: 21777828
references: Brain. 2005 Oct;128(Pt 10):2250-9
references: 15958505
references: Brain. 2013 Apr;136(Pt 4):1204-15
references: 23485851
references: Brain. 2007 Jul;130(Pt 7):1834-46
references: 17470495
references: Mov Disord. 2012 Nov;27(13):1644-51
references: 23115014
references: Mov Disord. 2010 Apr 30;25(6):800-2
references: 20198648
references: J Clin Neurosci. 2011 Sep;18(9):1154-7
references: 21724402