title: Mitochondrial translation initiation machinery: conservation and diversification.
abstract: The highly streamlined mitochondrial genome encodes almost exclusively a handful of transmembrane components of the respiratory chain complex. In order to ensure the correct assembly of the respiratory chain, the products of these genes must be produced in the correct stoichiometry and inserted into the membrane, posing a unique challenge to the mitochondrial translational system. In this review we describe the proteins orchestrating mitochondrial translation initiation: bacterial-like general initiation factors mIF2 and mIF3, as well as mitochondria-specific components - mRNA-specific translational activators and mRNA-nonspecific accessory initiation factors. We consider how the fast rate of evolution in these organelles has not only created a system that is divergent from that of its bacterial ancestors, but has led to a huge diversity in lineage specific mechanistic features of mitochondrial translation initiation among eukaryotes.
authors: University of Tartu, Institute of Technology, Nooruse 1, Tartu, Estonia; Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/12 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
authors: Anton
authors: A
authors: Kuzmenko
authors: University of Tartu, Institute of Technology, Nooruse 1, Tartu, Estonia.
authors: Gemma C
authors: GC
authors: Atkinson
authors: Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/12 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
authors: Sergey
authors: S
authors: Levitskii
authors: Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, United Kingdom.
authors: Nikolay
authors: N
authors: Zenkin
authors: University of Tartu, Institute of Technology, Nooruse 1, Tartu, Estonia.
authors: Tanel
authors: T
authors: Tenson
authors: University of Tartu, Institute of Technology, Nooruse 1, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. Electronic address: vasili.hauryliuk@molbiol.umu.se.
authors: Vasili
authors: V
authors: Hauryliuk
authors: Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/12 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia. Electronic address: peter@protein.bio.msu.ru.
authors: Piotr
authors: P
authors: Kamenski
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D005075:Biological Evolution; D004579:Electron Transport / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010442:Peptide Chain Initiation, Translational; D039881:Prokaryotic Initiation Factor-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D039665:Prokaryotic Initiation Factor-3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011549:Pseudomonas / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D012270:Ribosomes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
chemical_list: D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D039881:Prokaryotic Initiation Factor-2; D039665:Prokaryotic Initiation Factor-3; D012333:RNA, Messenger
keywords: IF2; IF3; Mitochondria; Ribosome; Translational activators
references: J Biol Chem. 1999 Aug 6;274(32):22143-6
references: 10428776
references: Curr Genet. 2005 Apr;47(4):203-12
references: 15759116
references: Mol Cell Biol. 1986 Nov;6(11):3694-703
references: 3099165
references: Curr Genet. 2004 Jul;46(1):20-8
references: 15127226
references: RNA. 2008 May;14(5):862-71
references: 18367717
references: J Bacteriol. 1994 Jan;176(1):198-205
references: 8282696
references: Mol Cell Biol. 1994 Feb;14(2):1045-53
references: 8289785
references: EMBO J. 1995 Aug 15;14(16):4056-64
references: 7664745
references: Mol Cell Biol. 1995 Feb;15(2):780-9
references: 7823946
references: Eur J Biochem. 1998 Jul 1;255(1):156-61
references: 9692914
references: Mol Biol Evol. 2011 Mar;28(3):1281-92
references: 21097998
references: Mol Cell. 2005 Jun 10;18(6):675-86
references: 15949442
references: J Mol Biol. 2008 Dec 26;384(4):929-40
references: 18930736
references: Genetics. 1993 Dec;135(4):981-91
references: 8307338
references: J Cell Biol. 2012 Oct 1;199(1):137-50
references: 23007649
references: Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1998 Nov 18;252(2):465-71
references: 9826553
references: Curr Genet. 1991 Jul;20(1-2):53-61
references: 1718609
references: J Bacteriol. 1992 Jul;174(13):4294-301
references: 1624424
references: Mol Cell. 2008 Feb 1;29(2):180-90
references: 18243113
references: Curr Genet. 1986;11(1):47-53
references: 2834079
references: Mol Cell. 2011 Apr 8;42(1):106-17
references: 21474072
references: Genetics. 1993 Mar;133(3):509-16
references: 7681022
references: FEBS Lett. 1998 Dec 4;440(3):325-31
references: 9872396
references: Cell Mol Life Sci. 2009 Feb;66(3):423-36
references: 19011758
references: Mol Cell. 2011 May 6;42(3):390-400
references: 21549315
references: Curr Opin Struct Biol. 2009 Jun;19(3):300-9
references: 19493673
references: Genetics. 2007 Jan;175(1):55-63
references: 17110482
references: Nature. 1981 Apr 9;290(5806):457-65
references: 7219534
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Apr;76(4):1967-71
references: 109836
references: Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2013 May;20(5):628-33
references: 23584454
references: Nature. 2000 Jan 20;403(6767):332-5
references: 10659855
references: Arch Biochem Biophys. 2003 May 15;413(2):243-52
references: 12729623
references: Mol Cell. 2005 May 13;18(4):403-12
references: 15893724
references: Curr Genet. 1986;11(1):41-5
references: 3329045
references: J Biol Chem. 2004 Apr 16;279(16):15728-33
references: 14742425
references: Eukaryot Cell. 2005 Feb;4(2):337-45
references: 15701796
references: Annu Rev Genet. 1990;24:91-113
references: 2088182
references: Gene. 2005 Jul 18;354:80-5
references: 15913924
references: Nucleic Acids Res. 1977 Oct;4(10):3497-510
references: 337238
references: Mol Gen Genet. 1994 Feb;242(4):383-90
references: 7510017
references: Nucleic Acids Res. 2012 Jul;40(13):6122-34
references: 22457064
references: Genetics. 1997 Sep;147(1):87-100
references: 9286670
references: Science. 2009 Apr 10;324(5924):218-23
references: 19213877
references: Cell. 2003 Oct 3;115(1):97-108
references: 14532006
references: J Biol Chem. 2002 Sep 20;277(38):35541-9
references: 12095986
references: Biochim Biophys Acta. 2013 Feb;1833(2):286-94
references: 22450032
references: Mol Biol Cell. 2003 Jan;14(1):324-33
references: 12529447
references: Genetics. 1991 Nov;129(3):659-68
references: 1661254
references: Mol Gen Genet. 1979 Jul 24;174(3):339-42
references: 384172
references: Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2012 Sep 01;4(9):a011403
references: 22952398
references: Mol Cell Biol. 1997 Nov;17(11):6203-11
references: 9343381
references: Trends Plant Sci. 2008 Dec;13(12):663-70
references: 19004664
references: J Biol Chem. 2001 Mar 2;276(9):6392-7
references: 11106667
references: Genetics. 1999 Apr;151(4):1353-63
references: 10101162
references: IUBMB Life. 2007 Feb;59(2):68-75
references: 17454297
references: J Mol Biol. 1993 Feb 20;229(4):909-16
references: 8445655
references: FEBS Lett. 1991 Jan 28;278(2):234-8
references: 1825065
references: J Biol Chem. 1984 Apr 25;259(8):4722-31
references: 6370993
references: J Biol Chem. 2011 May 20;286(20):18181-9
references: 21454598
references: Mol Cell Biol. 1995 Jun;15(6):3291-300
references: 7539105
references: Nat Genet. 2009 Jul;41(7):833-7
references: 19503089
references: Biochim Biophys Acta. 2012 Sep-Oct;1819(9-10):1035-54
references: 22172991
references: Mol Cell. 2006 Jul 21;23(2):183-93
references: 16857585
references: Mol Gen Genet. 1990 Oct;224(1):111-8
references: 2177521
references: Biochemistry. 2009 Apr 21;48(15):3269-78
references: 19239245
references: EMBO J. 2001 Aug 15;20(16):4560-9
references: 11500382
references: Genetics. 2007 Mar;175(3):1117-26
references: 17194786
references: Mol Cell Biol. 1993 Aug;13(8):4806-13
references: 8393138
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Feb 5;99(3):1152-7
references: 11792845
references: Nucleic Acids Res. 2007;35(14):4686-703
references: 17604309
references: Annu Rev Genet. 2011;45:299-329
references: 21910628
references: Biochim Biophys Acta. 2011 Dec;1814(12):1779-84
references: 22015679
references: Curr Protein Pept Sci. 2012 Jun;13(4):305-30
references: 22708493
references: EMBO J. 2004 Sep 1;23(17):3472-82
references: 15306853
references: Biochim Biophys Acta. 2005 Jun 15;1750(1):69-81
references: 15935986
references: EMBO J. 1995 Aug 15;14(16):4031-43
references: 7664742
references: Curr Biol. 2006 Jul 25;16(14):R551-60
references: 16860735
references: Genes Dev. 2010 Jan 1;24(1):97-110
references: 20048003
references: PLoS Genet. 2009 Mar;5(3):e1000407
references: 19300474
references: Mitochondrion. 2012 May;12(3):381-90
references: 22349564
references: J Biol Chem. 2002 Oct 11;277(41):37987-90
references: 12149267
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Mar 8;108(10):3918-23
references: 21368145
references: J Cell Biol. 2011 Jun 13;193(6):1101-14
references: 21670217
references: Nucleic Acids Res. 2005 Dec 09;33(22):7011-8
references: 16340009
references: Curr Genet. 1987;12(6):391-7
references: 3329053
references: EMBO J. 2006 Jun 7;25(11):2539-50
references: 16724118
references: Mol Biol Cell. 1993 Dec;4(12):1327-35
references: 8167413
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Jul 2;110(27):10964-9
references: 23781103
references: Plant Cell. 2012 Jul;24(7):3087-105
references: 22773745
references: Mol Microbiol. 2005 Jun;56(6):1689-704
references: 15916616
references: IUBMB Life. 2011 Jul;63(7):528-37
references: 21698757
references: EMBO J. 2003 Nov 3;22(21):5951-61
references: 14592991
references: J Bacteriol. 2000 May;182(10):2886-92
references: 10781559
references: J Biol Chem. 2009 Dec 4;284(49):34116-25
references: 19843529
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Apr;85(8):2677-81
references: 2833749
references: PLoS Biol. 2011 Jul;9(7):e1001095
references: 21750663
references: Nucleic Acids Res. 2004 Oct 11;32(18):5464-70
references: 15477394
references: Plant Cell. 2013 Jun;25(6):2265-75
references: 23735295
references: J Biol Chem. 2003 Aug 22;278(34):31774-80
references: 12799364
references: J Mol Biol. 1997 Feb 14;266(1):15-22
references: 9054966
references: Mol Microbiol. 2010 May;76(3):706-18
references: 20374492
references: Biol Chem. 2005 May;386(5):407-15
references: 15927884
references: Genetics. 2012 Dec;192(4):1203-34
references: 23212899
references: J Biol Chem. 1995 Sep 29;270(39):22788-94
references: 7559407
references: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Nov 3;106(44):18509-14
references: 19841266
references: Biochim Biophys Acta. 2010 Jun-Jul;1797(6-7):1081-5
references: 20211597
references: Cell. 2005 Jun 3;121(5):703-12
references: 15935757