title: Atmospheric polychlorinated biphenyls in Indian cities: levels, emission sources and toxicity equivalents.
abstract: Atmospheric concentration of Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were measured on diurnal basis by active air sampling during Dec 2006 to Feb 2007 in seven major cities from the northern (New Delhi and Agra), eastern (Kolkata), western (Mumbai and Goa) and southern (Chennai and Bangalore) parts of India. Average concentration of Σ25PCBs in the Indian atmosphere was 4460 (± 2200) pg/m(-3) with a dominance of congeners with 4-7 chlorine atoms. Model results (HYSPLIT, FLEXPART) indicate that the source areas are likely confined to local or regional proximity. Results from the FLEXPART model show that existing emission inventories cannot explain the high concentrations observed for PCB-28. Electronic waste, ship breaking activities and dumped solid waste are attributed as the possible sources of PCBs in India. Σ25PCB concentrations for each city showed significant linear correlation with Toxicity equivalence (TEQ) and Neurotoxic equivalence (NEQ) values.
authors: State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; SRM Research Institute, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India. Electronic address: paromita.c@res.srmuniv.ac.in.
authors: Paromita
authors: P
authors: Chakraborty
authors: Gan
authors: G
authors: Zhang
authors: Sabine
authors: S
authors: Eckhardt
authors: Jun
authors: J
authors: Li
authors: Knut
authors: K
authors: Breivik
authors: Paul K S
authors: PK
authors: Lam
authors: Shinsuke
authors: S
authors: Tanabe
authors: Kevin C
authors: KC
authors: Jones
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D001272:Atmosphere / Q000737:chemistry*; D002947:Cities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D007194:India; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls
keywords: Air; FLEXPART; HYSPLIT; India; Polychlorinated biphenyls; Toxicity equivalents