title: Evaluation of the in vitro biocompatibility of PMMA/high-load HA/carbon nanostructures bone cement formulations.
abstract: Although commercially-available poly(methyl methacrylate) bone cement is widely used in total joint replacements, it has many shortcomings, a major one being that it does not osseointegrate with the contiguous structures. We report on the in vitro evaluation of the biocompatibility of modified formulations of the cement in which a high loading of hydroxyapatite (67 wt/wt%), an extra amount of benzoyl peroxide, and either 0.1 wt/wt% functionalized carbon nanotubes or 0.5 wt/wt% graphene oxide was added to the cement powder and an extra amount of dimethyl-p-toluidiene was added to the cement's liquid monomer. This evaluation was done using mouse L929 fibroblasts and human Saos-2 osteoblasts. For each combination of cement formulation and cell type, there was high cell viability, low apoptosis, and extensive spread on disc surfaces. Thus, these two cement formulations may have potential for use in the clinical setting.
authors: TEMA - NRD, Mechanical Engineering Department and Aveiro Institute of Nanotechnology (AIN), University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal, ggoncalves@ua.pt.
authors: Gil
authors: G
authors: Gonçalves
authors: María-Teresa
authors: MT
authors: Portolés
authors: Cecilia
authors: C
authors: Ramírez-Santillán
authors: María
authors: M
authors: Vallet-Regí
authors: Ana Paula
authors: AP
authors: Serro
authors: José
authors: J
authors: Grácio
authors: Paula A A P
authors: PA
authors: Marques
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D001585:Benzoyl Peroxide / Q000737:chemistry; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D001843:Bone Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry; D002460:Cell Line; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008422:Materials Testing; D051379:Mice; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry*; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000737:chemistry; D016348:Osseointegration; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry*; D013499:Surface Properties; D013718:Tensile Strength; D014052:Toluidines / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D001843:Bone Cements; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D010087:Oxides; D014052:Toluidines; D002244:Carbon; D006108:Graphite; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate; D017886:Durapatite; D001585:Benzoyl Peroxide
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