title: Expression pattern of serum cytokines in hepatitis B virus infected patients with persistently normal alanine aminotransferase levels.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  About 60-80 % of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers are characterized with persistently normal alanine transaminase (ALT). Differences of cytokine expression are associated with the prognosis of HBV infection. We investigated the expression pattern of 30 cytokines associated with anti-HBV immunity in patients with normal ALT.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four patient groups (immune tolerance, inactive hepatitis B surface antigen carriers, resolved hepatitis B, and control; 10 subjects per group) were assigned. Thirty cytokines, including IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12p40, IL-12p70, IL-15, IL-17A, IL-17C, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23p19, IL-28A, IL-29, CCL5, CCL16, CCL20, CCL22, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, TNFRSF8, TNFRSF18, IL-6R, gp130, and TGF-β1, were measured using a human cytokine antibody array. Signal intensities were obtained by laser scanner. Protein-protein interactions were analyzed by STRING (Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant differences of signal intensities were observed for IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12p40, IL-12p70, IL-15, IL-21, IL-23p19, IL-28A, and IL-29. The lowest intensity was in controls. Among three HBV infection groups, significant differences were observed in IL-2, IL-4, IL-12p70, IL-15, IL-21, IL-23p19, and IL-29. The highest intensity was in the inactive group. All cytokines with significant differences were involved JAK-STAT signaling that up-regulate FOXP3, SOCS3 and MX1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Differential expression of cytokines in JAK-STAT signaling is an important factor associated with prognosis of HBV infection. The elevation of γC cytokines, IL-12p70, IL-23p19, and IL-29 may promote spontaneous HBeAg seroconversion and HBV clearance.
authors: Institute of Infectious Disease, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors: Dengming
authors: D
authors: He
authors: Maoshi
authors: M
authors: Li
authors: Shimin
authors: S
authors: Guo
authors: Peng
authors: P
authors: Zhu
authors: Hongfei
authors: H
authors: Huang
authors: Guohua
authors: G
authors: Yan
authors: Quanxin
authors: Q
authors: Wu
authors: Shiqi
authors: S
authors: Tao
authors: Zhaoxia
authors: Z
authors: Tan
authors: Yuming
authors: Y
authors: Wang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000378:metabolism*; D058070:Asymptomatic Diseases; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000276:immunology*; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D053613:Janus Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D011379:Prognosis; D050791:STAT Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D059467:Transcriptome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D050791:STAT Transcription Factors; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D053613:Janus Kinase 1
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