title: Visual hallucinations and cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Visual hallucination (VH) is a common psychotic symptom in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and may be a significant predictor of cognitive impairment (CI) in such patients.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to investigate the pattern of glucose metabolism of VH and the relationship between VH and CI in PD.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 28 PD patients, including 15 with VH (PD-VH) and 13 without VH (PD-NVH). Of the 15 PD-VH patients, 8 patients had cognitive impairment (PD-VHCI) whereas 7 did not (PD-VHNCI). All patients underwent [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography ([18F] FDG PET) followed by statistical parametric mapping (SPM) analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to the patients with PDNVH, PD-VHNCI patients showed glucose hypometabolism in the inferior and middle temporal cortices, fusiform gyri, and frontal areas, suggesting the involvement of the ventral visual pathway. Compared to the patients with PDNVH, PD-VHCI patients showed glucose hypometabolism in the temporoparietal association cortices with scattered frontal areas.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dysfunction of ventral visual pathway involving the temporal lobe may play a key role in VH development in PD patients. The evolving distribution from the ventral visual pathway to more extensive posterior cortices in PD-VHCI patients suggests that VH may be a prodromal symptom occurring prior to CI in PD patients.
authors: Department of Neurology, Inje University Ilsan-Paik Hospital, Goyang Department of Neurology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University.
authors: Hee Kyung
authors: HK
authors: Park
authors: Jae Seung
authors: JS
authors: Kim
authors: Ki Chun
authors: KC
authors: Im
authors: Mi Jung
authors: MJ
authors: Kim
authors: Jae-Hong
authors: JH
authors: Lee
authors: Myoung C
authors: MC
authors: Lee
authors: Juhan
authors: J
authors: Kim
authors: Sun Ju
authors: SJ
authors: Chung
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D001931:Brain Mapping; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D006212:Hallucinations / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18