title: Content and bioaccessibility of aluminium in duplicate diets from southern Spain.
abstract: Aluminium is found naturally in foods and beverages, but levels increase notably during processing, packaging, storage, and cooking, as a consequence of its presence in food additives and the wide use of aluminium utensils and vessels. Dietary intake of Al was estimated in 2 population groups in southern Spain (families and university students) in a duplicate diet sampling study. Diets were sampled for 7 consecutive days, and Al was determined in acid-mineralized samples with electrothermal atomization-atomic absorption spectrometry (ETA-AAS). Mean values for Al intake were 2.93 and 1.01 mg/d in families and students, respectively, ranging from 0.12 to 10.00 mg/d. Assuming an average adult weight of 60 kg, the mean dietary exposures to aluminium were 0.34 and 0.12 mg/kg body weight/week in these groups, which amounted to 17% and 6% of the 2 mg/kg body weight estimated as the tolerable weekly intake by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. Bioaccessibility of dietary Al tested with in vitro studies ranged from 0.30 to 17.26% (absorbable fraction). The highest aluminium intakes were observed in subjects consuming diets with a low adherence to the Mediterranean diet, which were associated to high consumption of processed and canned food. On the contrary, subjects consuming diets with a high adherence to the Mediterranean diet patterns showed the lowest Al intakes. The present findings are useful for giving both a reliable estimate of total aluminium dietary intake and tolerable intake levels according to usual dietary habits.
authors: Dept. of Nutrition and Bromatology, School of Pharmacy, Univ. of Granada, 18012-Granada, Spain.
authors: Carmen
authors: C
authors: Cabrera-Vique
authors: Marta
authors: M
authors: Mesías
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000535:Aluminum / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis*; D001628:Beverages / Q000032:analysis*; D038441:Diet, Mediterranean; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D005511:Food Handling; D057141:Food, Preserved; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013030:Spain; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000535:Aluminum
keywords: aluminium; bioaccessibility; dialyzability; dietary intake; duplicate diet sampling