title: Salvage therapy of intraprostatic failure after radical external-beam radiotherapy for prostate cancer: a review.
abstract: Radical external-beam radiotherapy (EBRT) is a standard treatment for prostate cancer (PC) patients. Despite this, the rate of intraprostatic relapses after primary EBRT is still not negligible. There is no consensus on the most appropriate management of these patients after EBRT failure. Treatment strategies after PC relapse are strongly influenced by the effective site of the tumor recurrence, and thus the instrumental evaluation with different imaging techniques becomes crucial. In cases of demonstrated intraprostatic failure, several systemic (androgen deprivation therapy) or local (salvage prostatectomy, cryotherapy, high-intensity focused ultrasound, brachytherapy, stereotactic EBRT) treatment options could be proposed and are currently delivered by clinicians with a variety of results. In this review we analyze the correct definition of intraprostatic relapse after radiotherapy, focusing on the recent developments in imaging to detect intraprostatic recurrence. Furthermore, all available salvage treatment options after a radiation therapy local failure are presented and thoroughly discussed.
authors: Radiotherapy and Radiosurgery, Humanitas Cancer Center, Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Milan, Rozzano, Italy.
authors: Filippo
authors: F
authors: Alongi
authors: Berardino
authors: B
authors: De Bari
authors: Franco
authors: F
authors: Campostrini
authors: Stefano
authors: S
authors: Arcangeli
authors: Deliu Victor
authors: DV
authors: Matei
authors: Egesta
authors: E
authors: Lopci
authors: Giuseppe
authors: G
authors: Petralia
authors: Massimo
authors: M
authors: Bellomi
authors: Arturo
authors: A
authors: Chiti
authors: Stefano Maria
authors: SM
authors: Magrini
authors: Marta
authors: M
authors: Scorsetti
authors: Roberto
authors: R
authors: Orecchia
authors: Barbara Alicja
authors: BA
authors: Jereczek-Fossa
mesh_terms: D001918:Brachytherapy; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000628:therapy*; D016879:Salvage Therapy / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Brachytherapy; Cryotherapy; EBRT; HIFU; Hormonal therapy; Intraprostatic failure; Prostatectomy; Salvage therapy