title: Coronary spastic angina is associated with insulin resistance - possible involvement of endothelial dysfunction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study, we examined whether coronary spastic angina (CSA) is associated with insulin resistance.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  There is increasing evidence that insulin resistance is associated with endothelial dysfunction. Patients with CSA show endothelial dysfunction.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study participants include 111 CSA patients (81 men and 30 women, mean age 62±12 years) and 53 participants without CSA (24 men and 29 women, mean age 63±10 years), serving as the controls. The oral glucose tolerance test was performed, and anthropometric parameters, plasma glucose and insulin levels, lipid profiles, and other laboratory parameters were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), Log HOMA-IR, the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index, the insulin sensitivity index, and insulin resistance 60-120 min after glucose load (log post-glucose-IR) were calculated as surrogate markers of insulin resistance. The number of men, the number of smokers, log post-glucose-IR, the insulin sensitivity index, and fasting plasma glucose levels were higher in CSA patients compared with controls (P=0.001, 0.001, 0.004, 0.012, and 0.013, respectively), whereas plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were lower (P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Insulin resistance on glucose load (log post-glucose-IR), plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and smoking were significantly associated with CSA (r=0.225, P=0.004; r=-0.313, P<0.001; and r=0.258, P=0.001, respectively).
authors: aDivision of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kumamoto Kinoh Hospital, Kumamoto Aging Research Institute, Kumamoto City bDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo cDepartment of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
authors: Yusuke
authors: Y
authors: Kashiwagi
authors: Eisaku
authors: E
authors: Harada
authors: Yuji
authors: Y
authors: Mizuno
authors: Sumio
authors: S
authors: Morita
authors: Makoto
authors: M
authors: Shono
authors: Toyoaki
authors: T
authors: Murohara
authors: Michihiro
authors: M
authors: Yoshimura
authors: Hirofumi
authors: H
authors: Yasue
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003329:Coronary Vasospasm / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D007328:Insulin