title: Childhood adversity as a risk for cancer: findings from the 1958 British birth cohort study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To analyse whether Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) are associated with an increased risk of cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  The National child development study (NCDS) is a prospective birth cohort study with data collected over 50 years. The NCDS included all live births during one week in 1958 (n=18558) in Great Britain. Self-reported cancer incidence was based on 444 participants reporting having had cancer at some point and 5694 reporting never having cancer. ACE was measured using reports of: 1) child in care, 2) physical neglect, 3) child's or family's contact with the prison service, 4) parental separation due to divorce, death or other, 5) family experience of mental illness & 6) family experience of substance abuse. The resulting variable had three categories, no ACEs/ one ACE/ 2+ACEs and was used to test for a relationship with cancer. Information on socioeconomic characteristics, pregnancy and birth were extracted as potential confounders. Information on adult health behaviours, socioeconomic environment, psychological state and age at first pregnancy were added to the models. Multivariate models were run using multiply-imputed data to account for missing data in the cohort.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The odds of having a cancer before 50 y among women increased twofold for those who had 2+ ACEs versus those with no ACEs, after adjusting for adult factors and early life confounders (OR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.42-3.21, p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that cancer risk may be influenced by exposure to stressful conditions and events early on in life. This is potentially important in furthering our understanding of cancer aetiology, and consequently in redirecting scientific research and developing appropriate prevention policies.
authors: INSERM, U1027, Toulouse F-31300, France. michelle.kelly@inserm.fr.
authors: Michelle
authors: M
authors: Kelly-Irving
authors: Benoit
authors: B
authors: Lepage
authors: Dominique
authors: D
authors: Dedieu
authors: Rebecca
authors: R
authors: Lacey
authors: Noriko
authors: N
authors: Cable
authors: Melanie
authors: M
authors: Bartley
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Blane
authors: Pascale
authors: P
authors: Grosclaude
authors: Thierry
authors: T
authors: Lang
authors: Cyrille
authors: C
authors: Delpierre
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002649:Child Abuse / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016241:Child of Impaired Parents / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D057237:Criminals / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D005581:Foster Home Care / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008016:Life Change Events; D008297:Male; D017533:Marital Status / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D010290:Parents; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology
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