title: Maternal understanding of infective endocarditis after hospitalization: assessing the knowledge of mothers of children with congenital heart disease and the practical implications.
abstract: This study aimed to examine the knowledge of mothers of children with congenital heart disease as well as the association of cardiological factors and maternal characteristics with maternal understanding. Mothers of 135 children (≤2 years old) were interviewed to assess maternal knowledge of infective endocarditis (IE) using the Hannover Inventory of Parental Knowledge of Congenital Heart Disease. Two subscales, endocarditis and risk factors, were used. Cardiological data as well as maternal characteristics were collected. Two-thirds of the mothers achieved only low scores, answering 0-20 % of the questions correctly (endocarditis = 64.4 %; risk factors = 71.1 %). Mothers with higher education recalled the correct definition of IE (P = 0.001) and the importance of dental hygiene (P = 0.004) more often. Mothers with only one child were more likely to know the most typical symptom (P = 0.007). The severity of the heart disease and the requirement of endocarditis prophylaxis did not influence maternal understanding. Yet, mothers assessing the heart disease as severe showed better knowledge (typical symptom P = 0.021; importance of dental hygiene P = 0.007). If mothers learned the diagnosis before their child's birth, they remembered relevant information more often. Mothers receiving information by the medical staff and from the Internet showed better knowledge (definition P = 0.014; importance of dental hygiene P = 0.001). Due to low levels of knowledge, more efforts must be put into the education of mothers. Educational programs should take maternal characteristics into account, providing written material and thereby keeping the instruction of lower-educated persons in mind. Furthermore, education should be focused on mothers of children requiring IE prophylaxis.
authors: Medical Sociology Unit, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany, knoechelmann.anja@mh-hannover.de.
authors: Anja
authors: A
authors: Knöchelmann
authors: Siegfried
authors: S
authors: Geyer
authors: Urte
authors: U
authors: Grosser
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004522:Educational Status; D004697:Endocarditis, Bacterial / Q000150:complications / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009034:Mother-Child Relations / Q000523:psychology*; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D011379:Prognosis; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
references: Heart. 2001 Jul;86(1):74-80
references: 11410567
references: JAMA. 2011 Nov 23;306(20):2239-47
references: 22110106
references: Circulation. 2007 Oct 9;116(15):1736-54
references: 17446442
references: Ann Thorac Surg. 2011 May;91(5):1407-12
references: 21524449
references: Arch Intern Med. 2009 Jul 27;169(14):1290-8
references: 19636030
references: Arch Dis Child. 1997 Jun;76(6):539-40
references: 9245857
references: Cardiol Young. 2005 Apr;15(2):125-9
references: 15845153
references: Congenit Heart Dis. 2012 Jan-Feb;7(1):31-40
references: 22051104
references: Scand J Infect Dis. 2012 Apr;44(4):250-5
references: 22122645
references: Am Heart J. 2011 Oct;162(4):633-8
references: 21982654
references: Scand J Infect Dis. 2007;39(10):849-57
references: 17852900
references: J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2009 Summer;33(4):315-8
references: 19725238
references: Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2010 Nov;29(11):1355-60
references: 20640585
references: Anaesthesist. 2010 May;59(5):427-32
references: 20383477
references: Lancet. 2004 Jan 10;363(9403):139-49
references: 14726169
references: Cardiol J. 2010;17(6):566-73
references: 21154258
references: Prim Care Diabetes. 2013 Jul;7(2):111-8
references: 23195913
references: Infection. 2013 Feb;41(1):167-74
references: 22956474
references: Circulation. 2009 Feb 17;119(6):865-70
references: 19188508
references: Can J Cardiol. 2003 Apr;19(5):501-6
references: 12717485
references: Curr Probl Cardiol. 2011 May;36(5):175-222
references: 21621720
references: Eur Heart J. 2010 May;31(10):1220-9
references: 20207625
references: BMC Infect Dis. 2011 Feb 23;11:48
references: 21345185
references: Herz. 2010 Dec;35(8):542-8
references: 21063670
references: Saudi Med J. 2004 Feb;25(2):182-5
references: 14968214
references: Rev Bras Cir Cardiovasc. 2011 Jul-Sep;26(3):413-8
references: 22086578
references: Arch Intern Med. 2009 Mar 9;169(5):463-73
references: 19273776
references: Eur Heart J. 2009 Oct;30(19):2369-413
references: 19713420
references: JAMA. 2002 Jul 3;288(1):75-81
references: 12090865
references: Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol. 2008 Jan;19(1):63-8
references: 19145264
references: Heart. 2010 Jun;96(11):892-7
references: 20478868
references: Heart. 2004 Apr;90(4):435-9
references: 15020523
references: Patient Educ Couns. 2006 May;61(2):173-90
references: 16122896
references: Chest. 2007 Sep;132(3):1025-35
references: 17873196