title: Physician-patient interactions and outcomes in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): a conceptual model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to develop a conceptual model illustrating the relationships between the physician-patient relationship and patient outcomes, including health status and regimen satisfaction, in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a cross-sectional survey of a geographically diverse sample of adults with SLE in the United States. Patients completed a Web-based survey that focused on physician interactions, clinical management, and patient outcomes, including patient perception of treatment regimen and health status. All survey variables related to physician interactions and patient perceptions of their health and satisfaction were evaluated for incorporation into a patient-centered model using cluster analysis. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was conducted to assess the inter-relationships observed among the variables to inform the development of a conceptual model of SLE patient-centered care.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 302 SLE patients completed the survey. The majority of patients were female (94.3%) with a mean age of 46 years. The cluster analysis resulted in six main factors: 1) physician interactions, 2) current health and hope, 3) satisfaction with treatment, 4) bedside manner, 5) discussion of lupus impacts during physician visits, and 6) steroid treatment. The significant relationships among the factors showed that positive physician interactions, such as including the patient in treatment decisions, were associated with higher satisfaction with treatment regimen and patients feeling that SLE was well controlled, a more favorable perception of current health, and being more hopeful about future health. Among the components of physician interactions, setting goals with patients is particularly important, as this was significantly associated with the patient being more hopeful about future health. Being steroid free was significantly related to higher treatment satisfaction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study findings informed a conceptual model of SLE patient-centered care that may be used to create more targeted education programs in the management of SLE, with the goal to improve patient outcomes.
authors: ORS Health, Outcomes Research, Washington, DC 20008, USA. kathy.beusterien@orshealth.com
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Beusterien
authors: J A
authors: JA
authors: Bell
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Grinspan
authors: T O
authors: TO
authors: Utset
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Kan
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Narayanan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D018802:Patient-Centered Care; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations
keywords: Systemic lupus erythematosus; patient satisfaction; patient-physician communications