title: Gel-free proteomics reveal potential biomarkers of priming-induced salt tolerance in durum wheat.
abstract: Seed priming has been successfully demonstrated to be an efficient method to improve crop productivity under stressful conditions. As a first step toward better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the priming-induced salt stress tolerance in durum wheat, and to overcome the limitations of the gel-based approach, a comparative gel-free proteomic analysis was conducted with durum wheat seed samples of varying vigor as generated by hydro- and ascorbate-priming treatments. Results indicate that hydro-priming was accompanied by significant changes of 72 proteins, most of which are involved in proteolysis, protein synthesis, metabolism and disease/defense response. Ascorbate-priming was, however, accompanied by significant changes of 83 proteins, which are mainly involved in protein metabolism, antioxidant protection, repair processes and, interestingly, in methionine-related metabolism. The present study provides new information for understanding how 'priming-memory' invokes seed stress tolerance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current work describes the first study in which gel-free shotgun proteomics were used to investigate the metabolic seed protein fraction in durum wheat. A combined approach of protein fractionation, hydrogel nanoparticle enrichment technique, and gel-free shotgun proteomic analysis allowed us to identify over 380 proteins exhibiting greater molecular weight diversity (ranging from 7 to 258kDa). Accordingly, we propose that this approach could be useful to acquire a wider perspective and a better understanding of the seed proteome. In the present work, we employed this method to investigate the potential biomarkers of priming-induced salt tolerance in durum wheat. In this way, we identified several previously unrecognized proteins which were never been reported before, particularly for the ascorbate-priming treatment. These findings could provide new avenues for improving crop productivity, particularly under unfavorable environmental conditions.
authors: Department of Biology, University of Abbès Laghrour Khenchela, 40000 Khenchela, Algeria; Department of Biology, University of Mentouri Constantine, 25000 Constantine, Algeria.
authors: Azzedine
authors: A
authors: Fercha
authors: Anna Laura
authors: AL
authors: Capriotti
authors: Giuseppe
authors: G
authors: Caruso
authors: Chiara
authors: C
authors: Cavaliere
authors: Hocine
authors: H
authors: Gherroucha
authors: Roberto
authors: R
authors: Samperi
authors: Serena
authors: S
authors: Stampachiacchiere
authors: Aldo
authors: A
authors: Lagana
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D030562:Databases, Protein; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D018525:Germination / Q000187:drug effects; D020100:Hydrogels / Q000737:chemistry; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry; D008715:Methionine / Q000737:chemistry; D053758:Nanoparticles; D040901:Proteomics; D055049:Salt Tolerance; D012492:Salts / Q000737:chemistry; D012639:Seeds / Q000378:metabolism; D012984:Software; D014908:Triticum / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D020100:Hydrogels; D008055:Lipids; D012492:Salts; D008715:Methionine
keywords: Durum wheat; Gel-free proteomics; Salt tolerance; Seed priming; Wheat seed metabolic proteins