title: Chronic ankle instability affects learning rate during repeated proprioception testing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  1. To determine whether individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI) have lower proprioception sensitivity scores from a test on the Active Movement Extent Discrimination Apparatus (AMEDA). 2. To determine whether individuals with CAI can improve proprioception sensitivity scores with repeated active movement testing using the AMEDA. 3. To assess the test-retest reliability of the AMEDA.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort study comparing those with CAI or healthy ankles.
  
  
  METHODS
  University clinical laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  61 healthy university students, 36 with CAI, 25 with stable ankles.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 2-way ANOVA was conducted to compare performance of CAI and stable ankle groups, over 3 test repetitions on the AMEDA. The reliability intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was obtained for test repetitions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The scores improved in both groups when the AMEDA test was repeated (p = <0.001). The rates of improvement in proprioception test scores differed, with the CAI group showing a slower learning rate than the stable ankle group (p = 0.047). The ICC for the whole group across the three trials was 0.80 (95% CI = 0.69 to 0.87, p = <0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CAI participants improve their proprioception scores more slowly upon repeated AMEDA testing, suggesting differences in learning strategies.
authors: Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, University Drive, Bruce, ACT 2609, Australia; Dept of Physical Therapies, Australian Institute of Sport, Leverier Crescent, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia. Electronic address: sjwitchalls@bigpond.com.
authors: Jeremy B
authors: JB
authors: Witchalls
authors: Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, University Drive, Bruce, ACT 2609, Australia.
authors: Gordon
authors: G
authors: Waddington
authors: Faculty of Health, Sydney University, Sydney, Australia.
authors: Roger
authors: R
authors: Adams
authors: Dept of Physical Therapies, Australian Institute of Sport, Leverier Crescent, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia.
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Blanch
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D007858:Learning; D008297:Male; D004856:Postural Balance; D011379:Prognosis; D011434:Proprioception / Q000502:physiology*; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods*; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Ankle; Proprioception; Psychometrics