title: Metabolomic investigation of pathogenesis of myxosporean emaciation disease of tiger puffer fish Takifugu rubripes.
abstract: Serum biochemical analysis was undertaken to study the pathophysiological details of emaciation disease of the tiger puffer fish Takifugu rubripes (Temminck and Schlegel). Serum parameters were measured by biochemical analysis using automated dry chemistry and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Serum concentrations of albumin, amylase, calcium, creatinine, glucose and total protein were significantly lower in the emaciated fish when compared with those of normal fish. Regression analyses found close correlation between concentrations of total protein, albumin, amylase, glucose and progress of the disease. In contrast, serum alanine aminotransferase increased significantly in emaciated fish indicating liver function disorder. Further, GC/MS metabolic profiling of the puffer serum showed that the profile of the emaciated fish was distinct to that of non-infected control. The serum content of amino acids including glycine, 5-oxo-proline and proline, and ascorbic acid, fumaric acid and glycerol increased significantly in serum in moderately emaciated fish. The serum glucose, linolenic acid and tyrosine level decreased significantly in the late phase of the disease. Our results clearly show that prolonged intestinal damage caused by myxosporean infection impairs absorption of nutrients, resulting in extreme emaciation.
authors: Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Course of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Agriculture and Biological Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan.
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Kodama
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Otani
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Iwasaki
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Takenaka
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Horitani
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Togase
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis / Q000662:veterinary; D004614:Emaciation / Q000201:enzymology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D004798:Enzymes / Q000097:blood; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000201:enzymology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000662:veterinary; D007422:Intestines / Q000201:enzymology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000503:physiopathology; D055442:Metabolome; D055764:Myxozoa / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000382:microbiology*; D010273:Parasitic Diseases, Animal / Q000201:enzymology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D023741:Takifugu
chemical_list: D004798:Enzymes
keywords: Sphaerospora fugu; emaciation disease; myxosporean; serum biochemical analysis; tiger puffer