title: Antenatal maternal mental health as determinant of postpartum depression in a population based mother-child cohort (Rhea Study) in Crete, Greece.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Antenatal maternal mental health has been identified as an important determinant of postpartum depression (PPD). We investigated the occurrence of depression both antenatally and postnatally and examined whether maternal trait anxiety and depression during pregnancy were associated with PPD at 8 weeks postpartum in a prospective mother-child cohort (Rhea Study) in Crete, Greece.
  
  
  METHODS
  438 women completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the Trait subscale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-Trait) questionnaires assessing antenatal depression and anxiety, respectively, during the third trimester of pregnancy as well as the EPDS at 8 weeks postpartum.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of women with probable depression (EPDS score ≥13) was 16.7 % at 28-32 weeks of pregnancy and 13.0 % at 8 weeks postpartum. A per 5 unit increase in the STAI-Trait subscale increased the odds for PPD by 70 % (OR = 1.70, 95 % CI 1.41, 2.05), whereas a per unit increase in EPDS during pregnancy increased the odds for PPD by 27 % (OR = 1.27, 95 % CI 1.19, 1.36).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that antenatal maternal psychological well-being has a significant effect on PPD, which might have important implications for early detection during pregnancy of women at risk for postpartum depression.
authors: Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, PO Box 2208, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, koutra.k@gmail.com.
authors: Katerina
authors: K
authors: Koutra
authors: Maria
authors: M
authors: Vassilaki
authors: Vaggelis
authors: V
authors: Georgiou
authors: Antonios
authors: A
authors: Koutis
authors: Panos
authors: P
authors: Bitsios
authors: Leda
authors: L
authors: Chatzi
authors: Manolis
authors: M
authors: Kogevinas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D019052:Depression, Postpartum / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006115:Greece / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008603:Mental Health; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology*; D010555:Personality Inventory; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third; D011295:Prenatal Care; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
references: Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2001 Mar;80(3):251-5
references: 11207491
references: J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2003 Jun;24(2):111-9
references: 12854395
references: Am J Psychiatry. 2002 Jan;159(1):43-7
references: 11772688
references: Birth. 1999 Sep;26(3):157-63
references: 10655815
references: J Epidemiol Community Health. 2011 Aug;65(8):722-6
references: 20736488
references: Br J Psychiatry. 1987 Jun;150:782-6
references: 3651732
references: Obstet Gynecol. 2005 Nov;106(5 Pt 1):1071-83
references: 16260528
references: Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2004 Jul-Aug;26(4):289-95
references: 15234824
references: J Affect Disord. 2007 Aug;101(1-3):169-74
references: 17196663
references: Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1998 Sep;98(3):224-7
references: 9761410
references: Br J Psychiatry. 1989 Jun;154:813-7
references: 2597888
references: Am J Epidemiol. 2009 Oct 1;170(7):829-36
references: 19713286
references: Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2000 Nov;40(4):442-7
references: 11194433
references: J Clin Nurs. 2008 Feb;17(3):312-22
references: 17931379
references: Obstet Gynecol. 2007 Nov;110(5):1102-12
references: 17978126
references: Br J Psychiatry. 1990 Aug;157:288-90
references: 2224383
references: Obstet Gynecol. 2004 Apr;103(4):698-709
references: 15051562
references: J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2000 Jun;21(2):93-7
references: 10994181
references: Soc Sci Med. 2007 Jun;64(11):2272-84
references: 17395349
references: Psychosom Med. 2006 Mar-Apr;68(2):321-30
references: 16554400
references: Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2005 Aug;37(8):1374-80
references: 16118585
references: Health Psychol. 2000 Nov;19(6):535-43
references: 11129356
references: J Clin Psychiatry. 2002;63 Suppl 7:24-30
references: 11995775
references: J Affect Disord. 2006 Apr;91(2-3):97-111
references: 16466664
references: Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2013 Aug;48(8):1335-45
references: 23248031
references: Arch Womens Ment Health. 2006 Nov;9(6):309-15
references: 17013761
references: J Affect Disord. 2004 May;80(1):65-73
references: 15094259
references: J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2003 May;12(4):373-80
references: 12804344
references: J Gen Intern Med. 2005 Jan;20(1):45-51
references: 15693927
references: J Psychosom Res. 1994 Feb;38(2):111-7
references: 8189400
references: Can Nurse. 2006 Nov;102(9):26-30
references: 17168096
references: Obstet Gynecol. 2004 Sep;104(3):459-66
references: 15339754
references: Nurs Res. 1996 Sep-Oct;45(5):297-303
references: 8831657
references: BMC Public Health. 2009 Sep 09;9:329
references: 19740443
references: Br J Psychiatry Suppl. 2004 Feb;46:s10-6
references: 14754813
references: Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2000 Aug;40(3):297-302
references: 11065037
references: Infant Behav Dev. 2010 Feb;33(1):23-9
references: 19945170
references: BMJ. 2001 Aug 4;323(7307):257-60
references: 11485953
references: J Reprod Med. 2004 Nov;49(11):908-14
references: 15603102
references: Br J Psychiatry. 1993 Jul;163:27-31
references: 8353695
references: Nurs Res. 2001 Sep-Oct;50(5):275-85
references: 11570712
references: Br J Psychiatry. 1992 Jun;160:777-80
references: 1617360
references: J Epidemiol Community Health. 2006 Mar;60(3):221-7
references: 16476752
references: Compr Psychiatry. 2008 May-Jun;49(3):275-82
references: 18396187
references: Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2009;88(5):599-605
references: 19308810
references: J Clin Psychiatry. 1997;58 Suppl 15:26-32
references: 9427874