title: Independent associations of low 25 hydroxy vitamin D and high parathyroid hormonal levels with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Asian Indians residing in north India.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We analysed the associations of 25 hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH) D] and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels with clinical, anthropometric, biochemical and body composition parameters in Asian Indians with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
  
  
  METHODS
  In this case-control study, 162 cases and 173 age and sex matched controls were recruited. Clinical, anthropometric, biochemical parameters and liver ultrasound were done. Percentage body fat (%BF), lean body mass and bone mineral density (BMD) were assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Fasting insulin levels, value of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), serum 25(OH) D, calcium and PTH levels were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects with NAFLD had lower serum 25(OH) D (19.4 ± 8.5 vs. 27.8 ± 9.4 ng/ml, p = 0.0001) and higher serum PTH (54.9 ± 19.5 vs.41.5 ± 18.3 pg/ml, p = 0.0001) levels as compared to controls. We observed significantly high values of systolic blood pressure (p = 0.002), waist circumference (p = 0.05), serum triglycerides (p = 0.002), total cholesterol (p = 0.002), alanine transaminase (p = 0.05), fasting insulin (p = 0.02) and HOMA-IR (p = 0.03) in the lowest 25(OH) D quartile. Multivariable-logistic regression showed that low serum 25(OH) D [OR (95%CI): 4.46 (2.58-7.72), p = 0.0001] and high PTH [OR (95%CI): 2.21 (1.50-3.30), p = 0.0001] level were independently associated with NAFLD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low serum 25(OH) D and high PTH levels were independently associated with the presence of NAFLD in Asian Indians residing in north India.
authors: Diabetic Foundation (India) and National Diabetes Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation, New Delhi, India.
authors: Surya Prakash
authors: SP
authors: Bhatt
authors: Priyanka
authors: P
authors: Nigam
authors: Anoop
authors: A
authors: Misra
authors: Randeep
authors: R
authors: Guleria
authors: M A
authors: MA
authors: Qadar Pasha
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D044466:Asian People; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015519:Bone Density; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D014280:Triglycerides; D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D; D002118:Calcium
keywords: Asian Indians; Metabolic syndrome; Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; Parathyroid hormone; Serum 25 hydroxy vitamin D