title: Photocatalytic nanolithography of self-assembled monolayers and proteins.
abstract: Self-assembled monolayers of alkylthiolates on gold and alkylsilanes on silicon dioxide have been patterned photocatalytically on sub-100 nm length-scales using both apertured near-field and apertureless methods. Apertured lithography was carried out by means of an argon ion laser (364 nm) coupled to cantilever-type near-field probes with a thin film of titania deposited over the aperture. Apertureless lithography was carried out with a helium-cadmium laser (325 nm) to excite titanium-coated, contact-mode atomic force microscope (AFM) probes. This latter approach is readily implementable on any commercial AFM system. Photodegradation occurred in both cases through the localized photocatalytic degradation of the monolayer. For alkanethiols, degradation of one thiol exposed the bare substrate, enabling refunctionalization of the bare gold by a second, contrasting thiol. For alkylsilanes, degradation of the adsorbate molecule provided a facile means for protein patterning. Lines were written in a protein-resistant film formed by the adsorption of oligo(ethylene glycol)-functionalized trichlorosilanes on glass, leading to the formation of sub-100 nm adhesive, aldehyde-functionalized regions. These were derivatized with aminobutylnitrilotriacetic acid, and complexed with Ni(2+), enabling the binding of histidine-labeled green fluorescent protein, which yielded bright fluorescence from 70-nm-wide lines that could be imaged clearly in a confocal microscope.
authors: Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield , Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, United Kingdom.
authors: Ehtsham
authors: E
authors: Ul-Haq
authors: Samson
authors: S
authors: Patole
authors: Mark
authors: M
authors: Moxey
authors: Esther
authors: E
authors: Amstad
authors: Cvetelin
authors: C
authors: Vasilev
authors: C Neil
authors: CN
authors: Hunter
authors: Graham J
authors: GJ
authors: Leggett
authors: Nicholas D
authors: ND
authors: Spencer
authors: Nicholas H
authors: NH
authors: Williams
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D002384:Catalysis; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008422:Materials Testing; D054802:Molecular Imprinting / Q000379:methods*; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000648:ultrastructure; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000379:methods; D010316:Particle Size; D010777:Photochemistry / Q000379:methods; D010781:Photography / Q000379:methods*; D040081:Protein Array Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D011485:Protein Binding; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D046912:Multiprotein Complexes; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium
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