title: Ethics of involving animals in research.
abstract: Use of animals in research is a highly debatable topic. Though their use has led to several discoveries and understanding of many aspects of science but their use in certain sectors needs to be justified. There are national and international laws which govern the use of animals in research, all of which are based on the principles of the 4Rs - replacement, reduction and refinement and the rehabilitation of the use of animals in research. It is mandatory that all institutions involved in animal research develop and abide by the ethical review processes which promote good animal welfare practices by ensuring that the use of animals at the designated establishment is justified. With the availability of many alternatives, the lives of many animals can now be secure.
authors: Department of Microbiology, JIPMER, Puducherry, India.
authors: Jharna
authors: J
authors: Mandal
authors: Subhash Chandra
authors: SC
authors: Parija
keywords: Animal; ethics; reduction; refinement; rehabilitation; replacement; research
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